nlp-thedeep/humsetbias huggingface dataset:
Around fifteen fire outbreaks have been recorded in IDP camps since the beginning of the year affecting more than 15,000 people. As recently as 14 April, communities in both Mafa and Monguno LGAs were shocked by massive fires that destroyed at least 200 and 100 shelters, respectively. In Mafa, an elderly person who was sleeping in one of the shelters was burned alive. The risk of fire outbreaks, as well as the spread of disease, in camps for internally displaced persons in Borno State is extremely high due to overcrowding with makeshift and temporary shelters built too closely together.
Askira/Uba: 234 arrivals and 64 departures were recorded in Askira/Uba LGA of Borno State. The arrivals include 105 from Hong and Yola South LGAs of Adamawa State, 21 from Jalingo LGA of Taraba State, 8 from Damboa LGA, and 100 from Husara/Tampul and Wamdeo/Giwi wards of Askira/Uba LGA. 18 reported departures were from Gombi LGA in Adamawa State, 10 from Chibok and 36 from Gwoza LGAs of Borno State. 73% of the movements recorded were due to improved security, 24% were voluntary reloca�ons and 3% due to poor living condi�ons.
7,659 Departures were recorded in Askira/Uba, Bama, Chibok, Dikwa, Gwoza, Hawul and Kala/Balge LGAs of Borno state; Demsa, Fufore, Girei, Gombi, Hong, Madagali, Maiha, Michika, Mubi North, Mubi South, Numan, Song, Yola North and Yola South LGAs of Adamwa state also recorded departures.
Monguno: 170 arrivals were recorded in Monguno LGA of Borno State. 72 arrived from Kukawa LGA in Borno State due to military opera�ons and 98 from Chad Republic which were all voluntary reloca�ons.
An exhaus�ve nutri�on screening using mid upper arm circumference  ( MUAC )  and Oedema for acute malnutri�on was conducted by Nutri�on Sector partners for 118 children of 6 59 months. Of the 118 children screened, the MUAC reading was 2 children  ( accessible areas )  in the Red category, 7 were in the Yellow category and 109 were measured in the Green category. No case of Oedema was reported in the 3 LGAs that reports were received from.
• 1 Additional confirmed cases reported today • Total number of Confirmed Cases as at 29 th May 2020 stands at 258. Total associated deaths – 25  ( 22 in Isolation facilities and 3 community death. ) Distribution of confirmed cases by LGA   63 from Jere, 179 from MMC, 3 from Gwoza, 2 from Damboa, 3 from Bayo, 4 from Bui and 2 from Konduga LGAs .
The main challenges and gaps facing Nutrition Sector partners are related to the disruption of services due to insecurity especially in Gubio, Mafa and Magumeri LGAs  ( Borno State )  and the emerging threat of the COVID19 pandemic
Many rural communities in the south are unable to handle the situation, especially the encroachment of their farms by the herders. And this has in many cases resulted in violent clashes with lives and property being lost.
At least fourteen people lost their lives in the fire incident in Ngala on 16 April. Fifteen others were injured, while seven are still treated in a clinic run by aid organisations. Over 300 shelters were damaged, and a communal shelter hosting 11 families also burned down. More than 8,000 people already displaced by the ongoing crisis once again lost their belongings and shelters.
Gwoza: 115 arrivals were recorded in Gwoza LGA of Borno State. Of which 5 individuals were from Abuja Municipal, 56 from Pulka/Bokko and Kirawa/Jimini wards in Gwoza LGA, 19 from Cameroon and 24 from Bali LGA in Taraba State. 80% of the recorded movements were due to poor living condi�ons, 10% due to improved security and 10% were voluntary reloca�ons.
Peaceful coexistence among IDPs of various religious, ethnic, and other backgrounds remained generally good as expressed by 74% and 20% of key informants repetitively in Borno and Adamawa states at the end of April. Likewise, coexistence between IDPs and host communities was reportedly good as well according to 69% and 19% of key informants respectively
In 2016, the Federal and State governments and some private organizations started rehabilitating Bama town/ LGA under the “Bama Initiative' to lay the foundation for the safe and voluntary return of IDPs. The government has renovated or built about 10,000 houses, 57 hand water pumps and 154 classrooms in the host community. Airtel mobile telecommunications network was re established in Bama in December 2017
Markets remain well supplied due to the commercialization of the recently harvested crops and substantial carryover stocks from the previous year. However, prices of locally produced cereals were generally higher in March 2020, supported by the increasing demand from the households in deficit areas as well as local processing factories as land borders remained officially closed.
An exhaus�ve nutri�on screening using monitoring of symptoms of acute malnutri�on mid upper arm circumference  ( MUAC )  and Oedema was conducted by Nutri�on Sector partners for 156 children of 6 59 months. Of the 156 children screened, the MUAC reading was: 3 children  ( 2 from inaccessible and 1 from accessible areas )  in the Red category, 7 in the Yellow category and 146 measured in the Green category. No cases of Oedema were reported in the 4 LGAs that reports were received from.
In addition, the repeated attacks by armed groups in the northwest and central states have contributed to an increase in population displacements, with new arrivals mainly from the districts of Shiroro, Rafi, Munya and Wushishi. As of February 2020, the International Organization for Migration  ( IOM )  identified over 2.5 million people that have been displaced, over 90 percent due to the insurgency in the northeastern states of Adamawa, Borno and Yobe, and the rest due to communal clashes in North West/North Central and to natural disaster. Most displaced households have limited income and rely on humanitarian assistance, but access is limited by the persisting insecurity.
The results also include 56 children from neighbouring Cameroon, Chad, and Republic of Niger. Of these arrivals, 10 children moved to Bama, 13 to Gwoza, 17 to Mobbar and 16 to Ngala; 1 of the 56 arrivals were screened into the Red category, 51 in the Green category and 4 in the Yellow category. All childen found with acute malnutri�on have been admi�ed for treatment.
Results show that the average daily number of individuals observed in February, at the FMPs in Nigeria, was 1,258. This represents a 4 per cent increase compared to the daily average of January 2020. The 4 per cent increase from the previous month resulted from rise inflows of skilled labour and trading/business activities between Nigeria and neighbouring countries. Nigeria, Niger, Chad, and Cameroon were the main countries of departure and intended destination for individuals passing through FMPs
The Sokoto FMP observes the cross border flows of migrants between Nigeria and Niger. Results show that the average daily number of individuals observed in February 2020 at the FMP of Sokoto was 160, this represents a 7 per cent increase compared to January 2020. The quest for skilled labour and more business activities between Nigerians and Nigeriens as short term local movements influenced the increase in the daily average number of individuals observed in February.
The Kano FMP monitors cross border flows of migrants between Nigeria and Niger. Results show that the daily average number of individuals observed in February 2020 at the Kano FMP was 1,098, a 4 per cent increase compared to January 2020. Zinder  ( 46% ) , Maradi  ( 42% )  and Diffa  ( 8% )  in Niger, Ndjamena  ( 3% )  in Chad and Centre  ( 1% )  in Cameroon were the regions of departure for travellers passing through Kano, whereas Zinder  ( 47% ) , Maradi  ( 38% )  and Diffa  ( 11% )  in Niger, Ndjamena  ( 2% )  in Chad and Centre  ( 2% )  in Cameroon were the regions of destination of observed flows.
88% of the total showers are functional while 12% need to be repaired. • 12 sites in 4 LGAs  ( Girei, Adamawa state, Jere, Maiduguri and Dikwa in Borno state )  do not have shower on site. • 1,336 showers needs to be repaired across 67 sites in 14 LGAs
As the country battles the impact of COVID 19 and dwelling oil price, food security is particularly important.
Despite official closure of borders, cross border movements mainly from Cameroon, Niger and Chad were reported. In March and April, a total of 2,142 Nigerians refugees from Cameroon  ( 1,643 ) , Niger  ( 488 )  and Chad  ( 11 )  spontaneously returned to Nigeria. The main areas of return include Bama, Banki, and Pulka, Gamboru Ngala and Damasak in Borno State. Their return was triggered by insecurity in the country of asylum as a result of NSAG attacks and fear of attacks or military operations.
Unfortunately, these violent economic struggles have been politicised, then reduced to ethnic and Northern Nigerian problem and other forms of constructions. Today, the south shares in the pie of violence. But more worrying is that all other intended and unintended effects of the conflicts are downplayed except the  ( in ) security consequences.
Farmer herder violent conflicts now take place in almost every part of the country.
As of 30 April 2020, 138 HH  ( 592 individuals )  new arrivals staying at the reception centre needed shelter. Further 501 households, including the latest arrivals, need non food items  ( NFIs ) . Priority items needed include blankets, cups, plates, kitchen utensils, mosquito nets and mats.
With low foreign reserve, it means that food importation will be another herculean task for the country. It is therefore vital that plans and programme that will transform the agricultural sector and reduce if not eliminate the farmer herder conflicts are implemented immediately.
Similarly, 3HHs/ 8 individuals returned to Mubi North in Adamawa State from Cameroon. Insecurity and absence of civil authorities in their areas of origin in Borno, as well as lack or limited access to basic services, contributed to their return in IDP camps or host communities.
It is worth mentioning that as part of Nigerian refugee returnees from Cameroon, 82 households comprising of 298 individuals all refugees' returnees from Cameroon  ( Kolofata )  endured challenges in accessing the Nigerian territory due to border closure at Amchide due to measures put in place to curb COVID 19 pandemic.
45% of the IDPs are living in emergency and transitional shelter, 34% in makeshift, 11% in collective/communal shelter and 10% in public facilities. • 315HH are living in the open in Konduga  [ 290 ]  Maiduguri  [ 18 ] , Kaga  [ 6J and Jere  [ 1 ] . • 3,507HH are sharing shelter in across 39 sites in 12 LGAs. • 15,289 shelters are damaged across 89 sites in 15 LGAs.
The rise in the numbers of spontaneous returns from neighbouring countries between March and April seems peculiar especially as borders were closed during this period. Meaning that despite the closure, borders especially at Damasak remained generally accessible, in addition to cross border movement trough unofficial borders as observed in Ngala and Pulka. Also, the recent military operations in the LCB region seems to have triggered increased return movements of Nigerians during April.
Finally, the arrival of 43HHs/184 individuals asylum seekers from Niger into Damasak in Nigeria was reported in March, bringing to 241 HHs/1,324 individuals the total number of asylum seekers living in host communities in Damasak, pending government decision on their status.
85% of latrines in Borno are functional while 16% are damaged. • 4 sites in 3 LGAs  ( Girei, Adamawa state, Jere and Konduga in Borno state )  do not have latrines on site. • 59% of latrines across 100 sites need gender marking. • 3,721 latrines needs desludgement across 70 sites in 15 LGAs
March recorded 1,158 households affected by 7 fire outbreak incidences, Monguno LGA was the most affected and majority of the IDPs affected by the fire outbreaks were women and children
The number of IDPs seem to be plateauing over the last few assessment periods. In Round 30, 2,039,092 IDPs were recorded which was 3,860 individuals more than the 2,035,232 IDPs that were recorded in Round 29 published in November 2019. Round 28 had shown an increase of 2 per cent or 44,632 individuals compared with 1,980,036 IDPs that were recorded in Round 27 published in May 2019.
Shelter and NFI are the major priori�es in BAY states where 59,452HH live in makeshi� shelters, 16,686HH in public facili�es, 3,507HH are sharing shelter while 315HH are living in the open with no shelter. A significant number of shelters are also damaged and require replenishment while shelter availability is extremely limited while there is a major challenge in finding suitable land and obtaining authoriza�on to extend perimeter fencing or trenches to allow for addi�onal space for shelter construc�on.
North east Nigeria remains highly prone to cholera outbreaks, and other diseases such as malaria, measles, Lassa fever, meningitis and hepatitis E are endemic. Lack of access to potable water and sanitation infrastructure increase the health risks of IDPs and returnees. The UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs  ( OCHA )  reports that around 35 per cent of medical facilities have been destroyed or partially damaged due to the conflict.
However, risk factors such as the presence of Ex combatants among the population, limited access to natural resources, and varying cultural practices among others have been highlighted for their potential to jeopardize the existing tranquillity.
Internally displaced persons face serious risks to their safety, wellbeing and basic rights. UNDSS data indicates that in 2019, there was a total of 23 attacks on IDP camps, all in Borno State. The civilian character of the camps is being significantly compromised in a number of locations, leading to increased reports of sexual exploitation and abuse and gender based violence. A total of 1,947 cases of recruitment and use of children by armed groups were reported in 2018.
Over 36,000 people have been killed in the BAY states since the conflict started in 2009; almost half of them are civilians [ 3 ] . According to UNDSS, in 2019 more than 473 civilians were killed and 327 were injured as a result of ongoing military and NSAG activities. The majority of the victims are males. In 2019, civilians represented 50 per cent of the victims of explosive ordnance incidents, including person borne IEDs and vehicle borne IEDs.
Sexual and gender based violence, including rape, is rampant due to the ongoing conflict, insecurity and poor living conditions in IDP camps and informal settlements. Sexual exploitation is also a major concern with widespread allegations, which were given credence in 2019 when a military court martial convicted an officer for rape of a minor. In 2019, of all cases of gender based biolence  ( GBV )  recorded by the United Nations, 27 per cent were incidents of sexual violence.
Up to 2.2 million returnees and host communities are facing needs related to recovery and resilience from the conflict. The main aggravating factors prioritised for response are associated with the lack of access to livelihood and economic opportunities as a result of the destruction of social and economic infrastructure, private business enterprises that significantly reduced income generation and livelihood opportunities for the affected people in the BAY states
It also includes the lack of access to suitable land and inputs to resume agricultural livelihoods, and the impact of hosting a large number of IDPs who, in some areas outnumber the host communities, extreme and severe negative coping mechanisms such as borrowing and asset stripping, and the lack of land and property rights documentations. The lack of adequate early recovery programs, and the scaling down of humanitarian assistance in some LGAs in Yobe and Adamawa states has forced families to marry off their daughters at an early age.
The humanitarian crisis in the BAY states remains first and foremost, a protection crisis and civilians continue to bear the brunt of a conflict that has led to widespread forced displacement and violations of international humanitarian and human rights law. Arbitrary arrests and detention without access to justice and legal services, threats to physical safety and security, forced recruitment, abductions, and killings and rape remain major protection concerns for the physical and mental wellbeing, living standards, and coping mechanisms of IDPs, returnees and host communities.
Nigeria faces multiple crises, with a protracted conflict in Borno, Adamawa, and Yobe  ( BAY )  states, which has spread to neighbouring Cameroon, Chad and Niger, intercommunal clashes in the northwest that have led to over 40,000 people crossing the border with Niger for safety, and climate shocks such as drought and floods. Nigeria also hosts about 50,000 Cameroonian refugees in the west and faces a widespread farmers/herders crisis in its middle belt region.
There are currently 1095 confirmed cases of COVID 19 recorded in Nigeria as of 23:30 24 April. 208 cases have been discharged with 32 deaths recorded. A cumulative total of 9,257 persons of interest  ( POI )  were identified and being monitored, out of which, 99 per cent have exceeded the mandatory follow up period of two weeks. As at 23 April, 10,061 tests have been carried out across the country with 25 states and the Federal capital Territory  ( FCT )  having reported at least one confirmed case.
6 additional confirmed case reported today  Total number of Confirmed Cases as at 6 th May 2020 stands at 106  No death reported today  Total associated deaths   14.  Distribution of confirmed cases by LGA   45 from Jere, 51 from MMC, 3 from Gwoza, 2 from Damboa, 1 from Bayo and 4 from Bui LGAs
Prior to the dip recorded in January 2019, the numbers of IDPs had been rising since the beginning of 2018 as can be noted from Figure 1. Round 25 of assessment had identified 2,026,602 IDPs which was in keeping with a steady trend of increase in number of IDPs over the last few months.
Also, this most affected state has the lowest percentage  ( 4%   down from 7% )  of IDPs who say they have been displaced only once. Adamawa, which has historically been affected by communal clashes, has the highest percentage of people  ( 61% )  who say they have been displaced more than three times.
Humanitarian actors have also become the direct target of violent attacks. A total of 13 aid workers lost their lives in 2019. Kidnappings have also increased. Two women aid workers are still held in captivity by non state armed groups and three other humanitarian staff are still missing.
In Borno State the presence of IDPs formerly associated with NSAG and demobilized have been reported to be a risk factor for peaceful coexistence in Gwoza, Mungono, and Bama. In Damasak, tensions between Chunguluski and Fulatari Communities rooted around the denial of access to River Dam for fishing by Chunguluski Community resulted in a deadly conflict between the two Communities.
Moreover, tensions at waterpoints, mostly due to the scarcity of water, were reported in Gwoza, Pulka, and Monguno. These tensions were exacerbated April with the increased need to access water to practice preventive measures against COVID19 Pandemic, in addition to drinking needs.
Persons of concern right to health has been impacted by the lockdown. During the month of April, in four LGAs, 27% of 1,114 IDPs received at the protection desks reported health concerns as a result of the lockdown that affected health partners presence in the field and subsequently the scale down of health related services as seen in IDP camps in Jere, Bama and Banki.
The recourse to community structures also appeared to be due to the lack of awareness among communities on available hotlines as reported by 44% of the 1,114 people received at the protection desk in April 2020.
The right to water for drinking purposes has also been claimed during the period under review to enable the implementation of WHO preventive measures such as regular hand washing. Shortage of water causing long queues and conflicts at water points has been noted in Pulka and Gwoza among other areas, as reported by 37% of key informants. Alternatives such as accessing water in host communities have been rendered impossible due to the lockdown and prohibition of movements out of the camps especially in MMC, Jere and Konduga LGAs.
The restriction of movement out of the camps due to the lockdown also hindered access to health care including secondary healthcare outside the camps or in other LGAs. Finally, population in camps and host communities complained about the lack of isolation/holding centers for the quarantine of persons arriving from high risk LGAs or countries as a threat to their health. This was reported in Bama, Monguno, Ngala and and Damasak. Measures have been put in place to scale up health services and to construct holding centers in Banki, Damasak, Ngala and Gwoza.
The right to employment and livelihood opportunities and the right to food: The pre existing limited access to employment and income generating activities and sustainable livelihoods in camps that prompted IDPs to move out of camps to other LGAs, states or to neighbouring countries to access means of livelihoods including markets, farmlands have been impacted by COVID 19 measures such as closure of borders and the restriction on movement putting pressure on already limited and further scaled down assistance in camps.
This has had implication on the right to food, especially in locations where food distribution has been delayed or is not systematic. As such cases of denial of resources, domestic violence and other negative coping mechanisms in the community were reported at protection desks in April and believed to be a result of inability to access food and livelihoods. In Banki, Gwoza and other locations This has also been reflected by the three priority needs that remains food, livelihood and NFIs.
A total of 99 incidents were reported and captured in March and April through the protection monitoring tools in Borno State. A number of other incidents especially SGBV have been reported through other systems. Overall, underreporting of incidents have been observed mainly due to the lockdown that impacted activities in covered LGAs.
LGAs that have been affected include Dikwa 35%, Bama 27%, Gwoza and Mobbar 8% each, Jere with 7%, Damboa 4 %, Konduga and Maiduguri 2 % and Kala balge 1% have also registered incidents. Maiduguri Metropolitan Council appears to be the safest place with less incidents recorded. This could be attributed to the increased presence of security personnel including military HQ, Police and UNDSS to implement the COVID 19 measures.
Survivors remain largely civilians, among whom majority were IDPs. With regard to gender, women and girls were the most affected.
Before COVID 19, Nigeria's economy was gradually recovering from the 2016 recession, although per capita incomes were still falling because economic growth lagged population growth.
Nigeria's economy suffers from low growth, high unemployment, and high poverty. These challenges reflect longstanding shortfalls in human capital, infrastructure and public services, women's economic inclusion, the business environment, access to finance, and governance, as the government recognized in its Economic Recovery and Growth Plan 2017‒20.
Persistent attacks by NSAG and attempts to infiltrate the camps has resulted in heightened fear and panic among IDPs. This led to the relocation of IDPs to camps in Banki and Dikwa which are perceived to be safer. In addition, they continue to cause secondary and multiple displacements of populations into camps and host communities in search of safety. These movements have been seriously challenged in April with restrictions on movements due to COVID 19 preventive measures.
This round of assessments recorded 1,187,477 or 58 per cent of all IDPs living with host communities. Eighty nine per cent were living in a host family's house  ( up from 86% ) . This is followed by individual houses in 9 per cent  ( down from 11% )  and self made/makeshift shelters in 1 per cent of sites.
Aid workers reached 5.2 million people in Borno, Adamawa and Yobe states with life saving assistance in 2019.  ( 6 May 2020 )  The number of people in need of urgent assistance in north east Nigeria rose from 7.1 million in 2019 to 7.9 million in 2020.
Finally, fire outbreaks in March and April in Monguno, Ngala, Dikwa among other locations has led to the loss of lives, destruction of shelters and properties thereby exposing the victims to further protection and health risks, including but not limited to exposure to COVID 19. Even though causes of the continuous outbreak remain unclear, some factors such as the dry season, poor site planning, shelters in inflammable material as well as makeshift shelters inside and around the camp, the negligence of populations among others have been raised to explain the phenomenon.
Camps and camp like settings: Access to schools stayed up at 100 per cent in all accessed States, including the most affected State of Borno.
According to the majority of IDP HHs  ( 52% ) , self produced was the most important source of food, while this was self produced for the majority of HC HHs  ( 54% ) . The average reported travel time to buy food was 31 minutes for IDP HHs and 33 minutes for HC HHs. The most common mode of transportation used to buy food was walking for IDPs  ( reported by 63% of HHs )  and walking for the HC  ( reported by 48% of HHs ) .
Access to testing has so far been limited. Amid reports of the rising death toll, Kano's only testing center was shut down on April 22 for five days due to fears of contamination.
Recent reports of hundreds more deaths than usual across communities in Nigeria's Kano State have raised fears that a major Covid 19 outbreak is underway. Official data from Kano State Ministry of Health reports 219 confirmed Covid 19 cases and five deaths as of April 30, but residents fear that the outbreak may have caused far more devastation. Authorities should act quickly to ensure accurate public health information is available and accessible to all.
An exhaus�ve nutri�on screening using mid upper arm circumference  ( MUAC )  and Oedema for acute malnutri�on was conducted by Sector partners for 78 children of 6 59 months. Of the 78 children screened, the MUAC reading was 1 child was in the Red category, 4 were in the Yellow category and 73 were measured in the Green category. No case of Oedema was reported in the 3 LGAs that reported.
Through EWARS, two cases of acute bacterial meningitis were reported from UMTH in Jere LGA  ( Borno State )  and one suspected meningitis case from the Chibok General Hospital in Chibok LGA  ( Borno State ) .
The absence of the civil status offices in most LGAs with subsequent difficulties to register children at birth puts children at high risk of statelessness and hampers their access to basic social services, including access to education exposing them to further violation of their rights. Children of IDPs, and returnees are at heightened risk. In April, the protection of children was further affected by the lockdown leading to scale down of services by state entities responsible for the issuance of birth certificate as a result to contain the COVID 19 pandemic thereby compromising, UNHCR and other stakeholders programmes aiming at supporting birth registration and documentation.
Among IDP HHs that reported not receiving medical treatment in the last month, the most commonly reported barrier to accessing healthcare was: no cash for drugs  ( 63% of HHs ) , for HC HHs, this was: closed health center  ( 37% of HHs ) .
Sustained conflict associated with Boko Haram coupled with the COVID 19 pandemic and associated restrictions, has led to an increase in the populations facing Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  and Emergency  ( IPC Phase 4 ) . In accessible areas of the northeast, purchasing power is below average as staple food prices significantly increased. Households are accessing income through limited labor or self employment opportunities.
In Adamawa, an increase in the number of children identified as Almajiri begging on the street has been observed as it was the case in Yobe state where about 125 Almajiris aged between 4 15 years reportedly indigene of Yobe states were returned to Damaturu from Gombe State. The returned children were received and isolated at Government Secondary School, Damaturu pending tracing of their relatives/families for reunification purposes by Yobe State Emergency Management Agency  ( SEMA ) . These children remain extremely vulnerable to the COVID 19 disease in the absence of measures taken to protect them.
Sexual and gender based violence  ( SGBV )  continues to pose significant risks to the well being of Internally Displaced Persons and returnee population in the Borno state despite efforts by humanitarian community and state governments.
Displaced households in the northwest, worst affected by conflict are dependent on atypical livelihood activities that have been further disrupted by the COVID 19 pandemic. Pastoralists are expected to return to their homesteads from June to September, which escalates conflict during the growing season. This coupled with the spike in staple food prices is expected to limit food access in worst conflict affected areas, resulting in Crisis  ( IPC phase 3 )  through September.
IDPs in most camps across northeastern states are in Stressed!  ( IPC Phase 2! )  as humanitarian food assistance is closing food consumption gaps. IDPs typically engage in limited income earning activities, although these activities have been further limited due to some restrictions associated with COVID 19. Most notably movement and social distancing restrictions have disrupted self employment and informal sector activities. For IDPs, in camps in inaccessible areas near the Lake Chad basin, very limited access to food and income is likely resulting in Emergency  ( IPC Phase 4 ) .
From March to April 2020, 326 SGBV incidents were reported to UNHCR and partners in 12 local governments areas  ( LGAs ) . Analysis of available information from LGAs in Borno State shows that Bama followed by Pulka and Monguno LGAs have registered the highest number of incidents with 35%, 11,6% and 10,7% respectively
In northern and central parts of the country, conflict continues and is driving the displacement of some households. In midJune, armed bandits raided several villages in Zamfara, Sokoto, and Katsina States. There are over 3,000 people who were forced to flee and are residing in areas of Dandume town with the community providing limited amounts of food and other items. Key informants indicate that more people continue to arrive Dandume and Faskari LGAs as conflict is likely continuing.
The Petroleum Pricing Regulatory Agency  ( PPRA ) , responsible for setting fuel prices, decreased domestic fuel prices for the third time in 2020 as a result of the crash in global crude oil prices. In early June, the PPRA announced the new pump price between 121.50 to 123.50 NGN/liter. These price controls on fuel are likely preventing large increases in transportation costs.
Based on current statistics, majority of SGBV incidents continue to occur among women and girls with minimal cases reported among Men and boys. During the reporting period, women and girls were the most affected with a sex ratio of 99%. The overall age ratio showed a rate of 31% of person under 18 who have been affected by SGBV incidents.
Among IDPs, the top reported option for accessing credit was friends & family for IDPs  ( reported by 80% of HHs ) . In the HC, the top reported option was friends & family  ( reported by 67% of HHs ) .4 However, 2% of IDP HHs and 1% of HC HHs reported no access to credit
According to IOM, over 2 million people remain displaced in the northeastern states of Yobe, Adamawa, Taraba, Bauchi, Gombe and Borno. Most of them are living in host communities while others are residing in camps and are dependent on humanitarian assistance and community support. Borno state, the epicenter of the insurgency hosts about 1.5 million IDPs.
Nutrition outcomes in Adamawa, Borno, and Yobe states continue to deteriorate with high rates of acute malnutrition among children and women. In the first quarter of 2020, partners within the Nutrition Cluster collectively screened over 1.4 million children, identifying approximately 160,000 acute malnourished children. A total of 46,425 severely malnourished children were admitted in the Outpatient Therapeutic Program  ( OTP )  and 2,521 were classified with severe acute malnutrition with medical complications in Stabilization Centers. Over 96 percent of all severely malnourished children are successfully treated and discharged.
Borno's capital city of Maiduguri Metropolitan Council  ( MMC ) , which hosts the highest number of IDPs among all LGAs in the region, recorded an increase of 3,396 displaced persons taking its tally to 282,946 on account of influx of new arrivals from Gubio, Gajiganna and Tungushe and other LGAs facing growing insecurity. In fact, among all LGAs, MMC once again recorded the highest increase in absolute number of IDPs  ( 3,396 ) . The next LGA with high increase was Ngala on account of influx of displaced persons from Rann. Jere LGA also saw notable increase of 2,472 persons bringing its population total to 266,760.
Moreover, the weak economic environment coupled with pre existing socio cultural norms and the recent outbreak of COVID 19 Pandemic continues to have an impact on the lives of the affected population and may also worsen the protection environment.
Overall, Stressed  ( IPC Phase 2 )  and Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  outcomes persist in much of the northeast, with some worst affected areas in Emergency  ( IPC Phase 4 )  . A risk of Famine  ( IPC Phase 5 )  continues in this region, though it is assessed to be unlikely that a Famine  ( IPC Phase 5 )  is ongoing.
The main SGBV incidents that were reported are Child and forced marriage, denial of resources, opportunities and services, physical assault, Survival sex/Sexual Exploitation and Abuse, Sexual assault, Psychological/Emotional Abuse, Rape, and Female Genital mutilation  ( FGM ) .
Reasons for displacement remained unchanged since the last round of assessment conducted in December 2019. The ongoing conflict in north eastern Nigeria continued to be the main reason for displacement  ( 91%   no change since the last assessment ) , followed by communal clashes for 8 per cent of IDPs and natural disasters in 1 per cent of cases.
It is also notable that the number of displaced persons in Borno has not gone down though populous LGAs of Gubio, Guzamala, Kukawa and Nganzai continued to remain inaccessible to DTM enumerators due to insecurity in Round 31. The steady increase in IDP numbers in Borno coupled with the populous LGAs in the state being inaccessible can be interpreted as an indication of continued population displacement and high mobility in northeast Nigeria.
The marked decrease in accessibility can be gauged from the fact that 110 LGAs with 807 wards were accessible during Round 25 and only two LGAs were inaccessible namely: Abadam and Marte. But in Round 26, 13 wards were inaccessible and populous LGAs like Guzamala, Kukawa and Kala/Balge in the most affected State of Borno were no longer accessible.
Most vulnerable and conflict affected households in northwest and northcentral states either in camps or in host communities are more dependent on markets for food than normal. Staple prices are atypically elevated, and incomes are restricted, consequently most households have resorted to less preferred foods and reduced quantity and frequency of meal
A decrease in IDP numbers was recorded in Ngala  ( 5,767 or 4% decrement )  in Monguno LGA of Borno. The reduction was mainly on account of departures to Maiduguri and Jere and use of biometric number. Among all the other states that were assessed, Adamawa recorded the next highest increase in numbers of IDPs. All other states witnessed a fall in number of IDPs, with Taraba recording highest decrement of 2 per cent.
In contrast to camps and camp like settings, hand pumps were the main source of water in 53 per cent  ( down from 54% )  of sites where IDPs are residing with host communities. In 26 per cent of sites  ( up from 25% ) , piped water was the main source of drinking water, followed by protected wells  ( 8%   down from 9% )  and unprotected wells  ( 7%   up from 6% ) . Other common water sources include water trucks  ( 5% )  and surface water  ( 1% ) .
Piped water was the main source of water in 70 per cent  ( up from 68% )  of sites where IDPs are residing in camps and camp like settings. In 19 per cent of sites  ( down from 20% ) , hand pumps were the main source of drinking water, followed by water trucks  ( 6% ) . Only 1 per cent of sites mentioned unprotected wells as main source of water which is a marked improvement since the last round of assessment when unprotected wells were main source of water in 8 per cent of sites.
In Round 31 assessments, access to food was offsite in 43 per cent, no change from the last round of assessment conducted in December 2019. Food was onsite in 41 per cent of sites  ( up from 39% ) . However, there were no food provisions in 17 per cent  ( no chance since last round of assessment )  of sites assessed.
Two  ( 2 )  new confirmed cases were reported today; one  ( 1 )  case each from Damaturu and Nguru LGAs. The total number of confirmed COVID 19 case ( s )  remains forty nine  ( 49 ) : Twenty  ( 20 )  cases from Damaturu, eleven  ( 11 )  cases from Nguru, nine  ( 9 )  cases from Bade, three  ( 3 )  cases from Potiskum, and one  ( 1 )  case each from Geidam, Tarmuwa, Bursari, Fika, Gulani and Gujba LGAs  Total confirmed case ( s )  of COVID 19 amongst Health Care Workers  ( HCWs )  in the state is thirteen  ( 13 ) : Seven  ( 7 )  nurses, four  ( 4 )  doctors, one  ( 1 )  physiotherapist, and one  ( 1 )  laboratory scientist  The total number of deaths due to COVID 19 in the state is six  ( 6 )
The figure indicates a continued plateauing in numbers of displaced persons in the region over the last couple of rounds. As per the Round 29 assessment that was published in November 2019, 2,035,232 IDPs were recorded. A similar trend was observed in previous rounds of assessment since August 2019.
DTM Round 31 assessments were carried out from 15 January to 15 February 2020 in 106 LGAs  ( no change from the last round of assessment )  in 790 wards  ( no change )  in the conflictaffected northeastern Nigerian states of Adamawa, Bauchi, Borno, Gombe, Taraba and Yobe. As per the assessments, 2,046,604 individuals or 420,072 households were recorded as displaced, an increase of 7,512 persons against the last assessment conducted in December 2019 when 2,039,092 internally displaced persons  ( IDPs )  were identified.
The estimated number of IDPs in conflict affected north eastern states Nigerian states of Adamawa, Bauchi, Borno, Gombe, Taraba and Yobe was 2,046,604 or 420,072 households. The number represents an increase of 7,512 persons as against the last assessment conducted in December 2019 when 2,039,092 IDPs were identified. Interestingly the number of households recorded in the last round was 420,994, which is higher than the total households identified in Round 31
The most affected State of Borno continues to host the highest number of IDPs at 1,506,537 which is an increment of 9,666 people or less than 1 per cent from the 1,496,871 that were recorded in the last round of assessment that was conducted in December 2019. Even as the overall numbers did not go up significantly, mobility in form of population movement within LGAs was high as per the assessment.
Within the total number returnees, 135,001  ( or 8% of all returnees )  were classified as return refugees as they travelled back from neighboring countries which is a negligible decrease since the last round of assessment when 127,823 return refugees were recorded from Cameroon  ( 65,814 individuals ) , Chad  ( 28,682 individuals )  and Niger Republic  ( 40,505 individuals ) .
Thirty nine LGAs were assessed for returnees in Adamawa, Borno and Yobe during this round of assessment which is same as the number assessed in DTM Round 30. All three states showed an increment in returnee numbers. In the most affected State of Borno which hosts 41 per cent  ( up from 39% )  of all returnees, the number of returnees increased from 631,722 to 685,630  ( 9% increase since Round 30 assessment ) .
Some areas where incomes are more limited due to high levels of displacement or continued conflict Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  outcomes are expected. In areas where access to incomes is relatively better, Stressed  ( IPC Phase 2 )  is present.
In urban areas, predominantly flood affected areas of the south, and areas bordering Cameroon where there is a high concentration of IDPs, many households are reliant on markets for food as household food stocks are limited. This is increasing market demand and prices, which is somewhat decreasing household access to food.
Most poor households are expected to have limited food stocks from June to September associated with the peak of the lean season. As a result, most households are expected to be reliant on markets for food. However, traders will earn more from crop sales during the lean season as prices continue to increase above last year and average price levels.
The past year has been characterized by waves of displacements caused by insecurity, increasing attacks by non state armed groups  ( NSAGs )  and military operations, resulting in a significant increase in humanitarian needs and protection risks. Borno State has seen an upsurge in violent attacks and an increasing trend of illegal checkpoints on major supply and commercial routes directly targeting civilians, authorities and aid workers.
Adamawa State still hosts the second highest number of displaced persons in the north east although most of them are living in host communities. Most IDPs in camps are originally from the southern part of Borno State  ( Gwoza, Bama, Gamburu, Ngala, Damboa and Dikwa LGAs ) .
Child and forced marriage counted for 35% of reported incidents. This situation is clearly associated with the social cultural constraints but furthermore to the lack of adequate legal framework around the child/forced marriage in the North East and particularly in Borno state. In addition, the possible impact of COVID 19 outbreak coupled with other contributing factors such as negative cultural norms may significantly bearing on the current phenomenon which makes it important to conduct more advocacy with traditional and religious leaders for a change of practice. There is also the need to continue equipping the community gender based structures with correct information on the benefits of delaying child marriage.
An assessment in May carried out by UNHCR in the northwest revealed that over 45,000 individuals are displaced in Sokoto state. These IDPs are mainly in host communities and rely mainly on food purchases with 63 percent indicating food as their most unmet need with nearly all households  ( 95 percent )  displaced due to banditry and kidnapping.
In 2019, access to people in need became increasingly difficult. For the first time since 2016, the humanitarian space in Nigeria is shrinking. De facto, humanitarian actors and provision of aid are largely confined to major cities and towns. 1.2 million people in need remain cut off from humanitarian aid in hard to reach areas.
As part of efforts to prevent, control and contain COVID 19 the state closed all public, private, primary, secondary and tertiary institution for a one month recess subject to review. All public gatherings of more than 50 people has been banned. The State Government also set up temperature checks at the airport, parks and all entry points into Adamawa State. On 30 March 2020, the State Government imposed a lockdown for 14 days throughout the State to curb the spread of the virus.
Denial of resources, opportunities, and services has been reported as the second highest of SGBV incidents with a 27% rate. It is known that poor access to humanitarian services and other basic needs and essential services such as cash for food SIMCARDs and lack of economic opportunities for Men, women, boys and girls have contributed to the occurrence of SGBV incidents in IDP and returnee communities. Some women have reported being denied access to health care by their husbands.
The humanitarian emergency in the states of Borno, Adamawa and Yobe, in Nigeria's north east, remains one of the largest crises across the globe. In 2020, 7.9 million people will need emergency assistance. Over 1.8 million people, across the three crisis affected states are still living in camps or are hosted in other communities, that are themselves becoming extremely vulnerable.
Nearly all States have ordered partial lockdowns and restriction of movements, including in the North East. IDPs are at high risk due to extreme congestion in camps making physical distancing measures practically impossible. A tightening of pre existing restrictions, economic deterioration coupled with strained public services will further increase needs and compound existing operational challenges. A disruption to supply chains could severely hamper the capacity of humanitarian actors to assist affected communities.
There has been a significant disruption of vaccination campaigns and other essential health services for children and other vulnerable groups. The effects of the crisis will increase dependency on food assistance, expanding the current humanitarian burden across the north eastern States and beyond. Food consumption is expected to deteriorate further as vulnerable households approach the peak lean season.
3.8 million people are projected to be food insecure insecure during the 2020 lean season.  ( 6 May 2020 )  Approximately 1 million children aged six to 59 months, pregnant and breastfeeding women across BAY states are acutely malnourished. Insecurity is limiting access to some Local Government Areas in the north east, especially in Borno State.
In January and February, security incidents across Borno, Adamawa and Yobe states continued to impede humanitarian operations, amidst mounting concerns that humanitarians are increasingly a target. On the evening of 18 January, the humanitarian hub in Ngala LGA, Borno State was the direct target of a complex assault by heavily armed non state armed groups operatives. An entire section of the facility and a UN vehicle were burned down as a result of the attack. Protective security measures deployed at the humanitarian hub prevented any harm to the staff who were in the facility.
While there was a decline in the number of illegal check points set up by non state armed groups and armed criminal gangs, a total of ten such incidents were recorded throughout January and February. This continued to pose constraints and hamper the movement of humanitarian goods along main supply routes. Moreover, a number of Local Government Areas, particularly in Borno State, are either partially or totally inaccessible with an estimated 1.2 million people inaccessible to humanitarian actors. The security situation has also continued to reduce access to farmland during the dry season.
In January, the humanitarian community also addressed the needs of more than 540 women, men and children who relocated from Jakana town to Maiduguri, the Borno State capital, due to security operations in the area. The United Nations and its humanitarian partners, in support of the Government, provided immediate food assistance and non food items. The United Nations and its humanitarian partners appeal to the Government to ensure that all relocations are safe, voluntary and dignified.
The trend of displacement in Yobe State in the first quarter of 2020 changed compared to the fourth quarter of 2019. While over 70 per cent of the 5,000 new arrivals in the State in the fourth quarter of 2019 originated from conflict areas in Borno State, only 30 per cent of the 6,317 new arrivals originated from Borno state this first quarter and the majority 70 per cent originated from remote communities in high risk security areas within Yobe State.