nlp-thedeep/humsetbias huggingface dataset:
Reportedly, delivery of fuel to petrol stations in the south has ceased since the start of the conflict in Tripoli, leaving residents to resort to the black market and facing high price increases. Access to food, gas cylinders for cooking, electricity, cash liquidity and health services are also reported to be restricted. Parties to the conflict have pulled some of their forces from the south to join the frontlines in around Tripoli, reportedly leading to increased lawlessness and security incidents, especially along the Jufra trade route, also contributing to the shortages in supplies of essential items.
Conflict affected individuals – including IDPs, refugees and migrants, and civilians trapped in conflict areas – have had their access to health care services severely disrupted. Injured civilians and persons with specific medical needs are in urgent need of medical assistance – assistance which is increasingly strained due to attacks impacting health workers and facilities
The around 5600 refugees and migrants who are still being held in so‑called detention centres, in some cases in terrible conditions, have been especially badly affected. According to UNHCR, 3800 persons are in detention centres close to fighting.
The security situation is volatile, affecting the main urban centres, characterised by fighting between the militias vying for control over state resources; and occasional terrorist attacks, absence of Rule of Law, all kinds of smuggling and trafficking, including of migrants.
Humanitarian organizations face access challenge in remote and conflict affected areas, thus making it difficult to assess the needs in these zones. Support to the Internally Displaced Persons  ( IDPs ) , returnees and migrants remains largely dependent on the capability of local partners to deliver assistance. As per the IOM Displacement Tracking Matrix  ( DTM ) , in mid 2018, 192 513 persons are still forcibly internally displaced out of which more than 40 000 mainly around Derna following the Libyan National Army  ( LNA )  offensive and in the South as a consequence of ethnic based conflicts.
The identification of the most acute humanitarian needs is hampered by confusion between the humanitarian crisis stemming from the conflict and the mixed migration crisis, exacerbated by the conflict. Nevertheless, according to latest DTM report, health, food and shelters remain the three primary needs expressed by IDPs. Health, education and security are the three primary needs of returnees.
Only one third of Primary Health Care  ( PHC )  clinics are fully functional and only 40% offer basic maternal and child health care. General medical curative services, general surgical services, patient services, and emergency services are available in at least 60% of hospitals, but only 50% of hospitals have the capacity to offer maternity services. 19.3% of public health facilities offer antenatal services. Only 9% of hospitals have appropriate staffing and care for mental health patients.
Inpatients functional bed density  ( 11 beds/10 000 people )  is two times lower than the target value  ( 25 beds / 10 000 people )  but the private sector offer somehow compensates the gap in public services. Although the number of physicians is sufficient, their capacity is considered inappropriate  ( in 2016 there was a gap of 4 997 nurses and 359 midwives ) .
At present, the budget dedicated to the health sector has sharply declined and is mostly allocated to salaries, although many staff reported that they had not been paid for months. Some basic cares, including routine immunization, are covered as part of the budget, but the release of funds is often delayed.
Protection of affected population is a major concern due to the absence of rule of law, continuous fighting between the armed groups, indiscriminate shelling, the proliferation of small arms and light weaponry, remnants of war and improvised explosive devices, physical aggressions, gender based violence, extortion, kidnappings and lack of freedom of movement. Sub Saharan migrants endure systemic heinous abuse including sexual violence, torture, slavery and trafficking.
The number of IDPs with mental health and psychosocial issues is increasing due to the on going conflict, forced displacement, and other negative experiences. Psychosocial assistance to children exposed to violence is essential to help them overcome trauma  ( 43% of behavioural changes are reported amongst the displaced children ) . Religious minorities, people associated with the former regime and ethnic minorities are also facing a high risk of discrimination, exclusion and aggression.
84% of all IDPs in Libya are reportedly hosted in private accommodation and 16% in public or informal shelter settings. The majority of IDPs in private houses live in self paid rented accommodation. 12% are hosted with relatives. Shelter is reportedly among the three main needs expressed by IDPs as a consequence of the cash crisis that prevents people from accessing their savings account to pay for their bills and rental charges.
Prior to 2011, Libya had one of the highest school enrolment rates in the Middle East and North Africa, with no significant differences between boys and girls. Gross enrolment is still 96.7% for children in primary and secondary school, including almost total enrolment of displaced Libyan children. However, the quality, inclusivity and relevance of education and the disparities between regions are of concern.
There is an overall lack of comprehensive data. However, market availability is fair although the prices of essential goods have drastically increased due to the liquidity crisis and the booming of the black market. In the 2017 Multi Sector Needs Assessment  ( MSNA ) , food security was not reported as a major concern. However, IDP households were more likely to have a worse Food Consumption Score  ( FCS )  across all mantikas  ( regions )  assessed with an overall of 79.5% ‘acceptable' Food Consumption Score  ( FCS ) , 12.5% ‘borderline' and 7.9% ‘poor'. The lowest FCS was found in Tripoli  ( 15.3% of households ) .
Risks are increasing in the WASH sector as the management of public utilities and governance of municipalities continue to deteriorate. Large parts of the population are at risk, notably the conflict affected  ( IDPs and returnees )  who are particularly vulnerable. The needs are structural and require mid to long term investments. Access to clean water can be an issue where the network has been damaged due to fighting. People accommodated in IDP camps and collective shelters are in need of safe water provision and sanitation items and services.
Access to people in need by humanitarian actors is particularly challenging due to insecurity, administrative bottlenecks and arbitrary restrictions. Access support requires dedicated resources for real time constraints and risk analysis as well as to facilitate humanitarian diplomacy. In a context where  ( partial )  remote management remains an important modality of implementation of operations, humanitarian coordination must be upheld and reinforced.
Libya faces a worsening currency and a liquidity crisis, which deepens distrust towards Libya's public financial system as a whole. Black market exchange rates are spiralling and the price of a loaf of bread has significantly increased. At the same time, oil production continues to ramp up to one million barrels per day  ( a record since 2014 )
As of 19 July, 3,959 refugees and migrants were rescued/intercepted at sea by the Libyan Coast Guard in 2019. So far this month, 273 refugees and migrants were disembarked at the Tripoli Naval Base  ( 91 individuals ) , Azzawya  ( 84 individuals ) , Al Khums  ( 82 individuals ) , and Misrata  ( 16 individuals ) . They were mainly from Sudan  ( 29 percent ) , Egypt  ( 13 percent ) , Mali  ( 12 percent ) , and Senegal  ( 11 percent ) . UNHCR and its partner the International Medical Corps  ( IMC )  provided medical assistance and core relief items  ( CRIs )  to individuals disembarked before they were transferred to a detention centre by the authorities. Last week, UNHCR called for the end of detention of persons disembarked in Libya.
There are 969 individuals hosted at the Gathering and Departure Facility  ( GDF )  in Tripoli. This is the highest number since the opening of the facility in December 2018. Since last week, UNHCR and partner LibAid continue to assist 419 refugees and migrants who survived the airstrikes that hit Tajoura detention centre. Out of these, 103 persons were transferred by UNHCR while 387 spontaneously arrived to the GDF directly from Tajoura. With the GDF at full capacity, there is a need for solidarity and support from the international community to urgently provide additional solutions out of Libya, including resettlement and humanitarian evacuation opportunities.
UNHCR and its partner the Norwegian Refugee Council  ( NRC )  are assisting IDPs and returnees in Benghazi, eastern region. The greater Benghazi area is hosting over 26,865 IDPs and 188,625 returnees. UNHCR and NRC are conducting site improvements, including distributing waste management items, garbage removal and communal lighting systems to support 2,735 IDPs living in informal settlements.
As part of its Quick Impact Projects programme, UNHCR has provided three prefabricated containers to Abu Sitta Hospital, the only operational hospital for respiratory diseases in the western region. This contribution will allow for an increased bed capacity in the hospital. So far in 2019, UNHCR and partners have implemented 17 quick impact projects throughout Libya that have supported over 8,500 individuals.
he World Health Organization  ( WHO )  confirmed in its latest statistics regarding the war on Tripoli that a total of 691 people have been killed since the start of the aggression on the capital, among them 41 civilians.
As of 7 July 2019, a total of 53,279 asylum seekers and refugees are registered with UNHCR in Libya. A total of 3,724 individuals have been identified by UNHCR and its partners to be currently in one of the accessible Libyan detention centres.
The travelers fled wars, violence and extreme poverty in their home countries, mostly in sub Saharan Africa. On the road to Libya, many were kidnapped, assaulted or tortured and then detained after risking their lives to try to cross the sea to Europe.
Over 1,000 individuals were evacuated by UNHCR through the Gathering and Departure Facility  ( GDF )  to Italy  ( 295 individuals )  and to the Emergency Transit Mechanism in Niger  ( 710 individuals ) . The GDF is now hosting 460 individuals. Another 291 refugees departed under resettlement programme to third countries or through the Emergency Transit Centre in Romania.
Since the overthrow of venal dictator Moammar Qadhafi in 2011, Libya has struggled with weak institutions, prolonged insecurity exploited by criminal and terrorist actors, and malign international meddling.
More than 62,000 people have fled their homes since the crisis began. The UN has reported a rise in lawlessness and criminal activity, including the looting of the homes of the displaced.
Many of the displaced families are sheltering with relatives or in schools and other community buildings. These shelters often lack essential supplies such as blankets, sleeping mats, and cooking wares. The price of rental accommodations has tripled, leaving families with less money to afford food.
Two clinics had to be evacuated because of armed clashes, shelling, and airstrikes. Emergency responders have lost at least a dozen ambulances. On May 8, the Director of Tripoli's Ambulance and Emergency Medical Services lost both his legs when his ambulance was hit in an apparent direct attack.
Fifty eight percent of Libya's municipalities – relative bright spots of functionality at the local level amid national institutional dysfunction – were relying on water trucking to ensure access to drinking water for their communities. Only 41 percent of hospitals and 10 percent of primary health care facilities reported access to essential medicines.
Even before the latest escalation in violence, the United Nations estimated that 823,000 people, including 248,000 children were in need of humanitarian assistance. Efforts to rehabilitate the Libyan oil sector had increased production and revenues in the last two years, but not yet translated into broader economic recovery for the Libyan people.
The United Nations and humanitarian partners are responding to the current crisis to the best of their ability, deploying emergency medical teams and distributing food and essential supplies to displaced families. The UN launched a Tripoli Flash Appeal requesting $10.2 million to help 100,000 highly vulnerable people in Tripoli and surrounding areas.
This conflict threatens the people caught in the crossfire, but also a range of U.S. interests. In 2016 we saw how quickly and devastatingly ISIS took advantage of chaos in Libya and established itself in Sirte. The U.S. responded with air cover and support to GNA aligned Libyans who rooted out ISIS' new foothold.
An attack on the US consulate on September 11, 2012, killed US ambassador Christopher Stevens and three other Americans. The last attack in Benghazi in May 2018 left seven people dead.
Fighting on Tripoli's outskirts has since killed 1,048 people, including 106 civilians, and left 5,558 wounded, including 289 civilians, according to a report released Tuesday by the UN's World Health Organization.
Sixty five migrants heading for Europe from Libya drowned in May when their boat capsized off Tunisia.
The sources also confirmed the killing of Hassan Qatnash, a well known fuel smuggler and human trafficker in Bani Walid city, who had joined Haftar's militias in their war on Tripoli since the beginning.
As a priority, UNHCR and IOM ask that 5,600 refugees and migrants currently held in centres across Libya be freed in an orderly manner and their protection guaranteed, or evacuated to other countries from where accelerated resettlement is needed.
On 10 July, UNHCR relocated 103 refugees who remained in Tajoura detention centre to the Gathering and Departure Facility  ( GDF )  in Tripoli.
As of 11 July, 3,905 refugees and migrants were rescued/intercepted at sea by the Libyan Coast Guard in 2019.
As of the beginning of July, UNHCR has transferred 1,630 people out of detention centers on the front lines to its Gathering and Departure facility, also in Tripoli, but also to other Libyan detention centers in areas deemed safer. UNHCR estimates that 3,800 people are detained in migrant detention centers near conflict areas, while the total detainee population is estimated at 5,800 as of June 21. Under Libyan law, any undocumented migrant, asylum seeker, or refugee may be detained without an opportunity to challenge the lawfulness of the detention, making the detention arbitrary.
As Libya never signed the 1951 Refugee Convention, refugees have no legal status in the country and cannot seek international protection there. In fact, undocumented migrants in Libya can be arrested and imprisoned at any time.
Last week, they were victims of a bombing in the detention center that killed 53 people and wounded at least 130.
As of yesterday, the Tajoura Detention Centre itself is closed, and some 400 attack survivors have been moved to the Gathering and Departure Facility. That centre is now badly overcrowded and work is ongoing to secure the evacuation of these people, particularly the most vulnerable, from Libya. However, many other refugees and migrants remain in detention elsewhere in Libya where suffering and risk of human rights abuses continue. A safe, managed process of release, with proper information on available assistance, is essential for all.
On 3 July, more than 50 migrants and refugees lost their lives in an airstrike on the Tajoura Detention Centre in the east of Libya's capital Tripoli. This week we appealed to the European Union and African Union to prevent such a tragedy from being repeated.
As a priority, we ask that 5,600 refugees and migrants currently held in centres across Libya be freed in an orderly manner and their protection guaranteed or that they be evacuated to other countries from where accelerated resettlement is needed. For this, countries must step forward with more evacuation and resettlement places.
Shortly after the end of round 25 data collection period, an airstrike hit Tajoura Detention Center on 02 July. According to initial reports**, the incident led to the death of at least 53 migrants and severe injuries to more than 130 migrants. Furthermore, the large population of migrants present outside detention centers also constitutes a particularly vulnerable group and their protection remains a concern.
In May and June 2019, DTM Libya conducted a rapid migrant assessment in Tripoli and surrounding areas through 381 interviews with urban migrants. When asked about access to health services, the vast majority  ( 89% )  across assessed areas reported to either have no access to health care services or only limited access to health services. This is particularly alarming as 28% of surveyed migrants  ( 107 respondents )  indicated that they had suffered from an illness in the past three months. In Qasr Ben Gashir, one of the neighborhoods heavily affected by the ongoing conflict in South Tripoli, the proportion of migrants reporting suffering from an illness in the three months preceding the assessment was as high as 69%.
Furthermore, critical humanitarian needs related to Non Food Items  ( NFIs ) , WASH and food were also reported. Coupled with a decrease in available job opportunities for migrants relying on casual labour and movement restrictions in areas impacted by the conflict, the livelihoods of migrants in Tripoli were assessed to have been significantly impacted.
Most migrants departing Niger arrive directly to Libya, without transiting through other countries. Only 1% of the migrants surveyed who had departed Niger reported going to Algeria first before reaching Libya, and all of them were surveyed in the western regions of Libya. Those who were surveyed in the South and East did not transit through other countries on their way to Libya.
A slight majority of migrants departing Mali  ( 51% )  travelled through Algeria to Libya while 38% travelled through Niger. The remaining 11% travelled through Burkina Faso and then Niger to reach Libya.
73% of the migrants identified were living in rented accommodations out of which 57% were reportedly paying for their own accommodation, 10% were living in accommodations rented by their employer and 6% were living in rented accommodations paid by others.
Out of the 641,398 migrants identified, 91% were reported to be adults and 9% minors. The majority of adult migrants were reported to be male  ( 87% )  and the remaining 13% to be female. Of the minors, 66% were reported as accompanied and 34% as unaccompanied.
Out of the total number of migrants identified in Round 25, 94%  ( 602,282 individuals )  originated from African countries. At least 21 African nationalities were identified in Libya during this round. Out of the African nationals identified, 417,117 originated from Sub Saharan countries.
Between January and May 2019, the total number of arrivals to Italy was recorded at 1,561 individuals representing a steep drop in comparison to the number of arrivals from the preceding year  ( as 13,430 arrivals were recorded in the same period of 2018 ) . Almost half of arrivals  ( 782 case of arrival )  were recorded during the month of May which can be explained by a combination of seasonal fluctuations due more favorable weather to attempt crossing the Mediterranean sea as well as the instable security situation in West Libya.
2,417 migrants were returned by Libyan coast guards between 01 January and 28 May 2019. Among the rescued migrants there were 140 minors and 185 women. This represents a substantial decrease compared to the same period in 2018 when 6,830 migrants were returned to the Libyan coast.
Most of the primary and secondary schools in Azzawya were considered functional. Nevertheless, they were strongly affected by a lack of operational equipment and supplies  ( e.g. latrines, electricity, classrooms, stationery, desks, boards, seats ) , as well as learning materials  ( books, computers, laboratories/libraries ) .
The majority of migrant KIs  ( 11 out of the 17 who reported knowing about restrictions to access education )  reported that while migrant children face restrictions in accessing education facilities, these tend to be non administrative and include:  ( 1 )  the inability of migrants to afford education,  ( 2 )  the fear of being kidnapped or arrested near a school entrance  ( particularly prevalent among KIs originating from West Africa )  and  ( 3 )  the perception that roads leading to education facilities are unsafe.
Additionally, KIs reported the need for better equipped learning environments, including furniture, infrastructure such as latrines, constant electricity, and school supplies  ( mainly books and stationery ) .
According to MFGD participants, 5 of the 60 public and private health facilities mapped in Azzawya were non operational  ( Map 4 ) . Medical professional KIs explained that these facilities had shut down due in part to a lack of qualified medical staff, which had led to mistrust from the residents. In addition, insecurity, the lack of governmental support and shortages in medicines and medical equipment contributed to the closure of these facilities.
In terms of admission to health facilities, while most healthcare administrator KIs  ( 3/4 )  reported that non Libyans theoretically had free access, most medical professional KIs  ( 6/9 )  highlighted that restrictions in fact existed. The three major types of constraints reportedly faced by migrants were:  ( 1 )  a lack of identity documentation;  ( 2 )  the cost of healthcare, which was mostly not provided for free to non Libyans in public hospitals and sometimes required the presence of a Libyan sponsor; and  ( 3 )  being refused treatment or being discriminated against due to their migrant status, often out of a false belief that migrants frequently carry contagious diseases.
Faced with a lack of access to formal healthcare, migrants reportedly resort to pharmacies or alternative medicine. KIs from MENA reported that migrants from their region of origin also move to other parts of the city, by taxi or through the support of their employer, if in need of healthcare, or resort to self medication.
Similarly, nearly all migrant KIs reported that, on the whole, migrants did not face significant challenges in accessing NFIs or basic food items. Among migrants who did face challenges, those from the MENA region reportedly faced economic barriers comparable to those faced by Libyan nationals. Among migrants from West Africa and East Africa, though general security considerations and risks linked to their migratory status  ( i.e. the presence of checkpoints, smuggling actors and the risk of kidnapping among non Libyans ) , as well as linguistic barriers, were reported as additional concerns.
In Azzawya, between May and September 2018, the median cost of the MEB increased by 27.8% due to the devaluation of the Libyan dinar on the parallel market. This devaluation directly affected the price of goods, especially those imported by market actors without access to the official exchange rate. Similar increases in the median cost of the MEB were found on the national level  ( +10.5% )  and across the west Libya region  ( +11.6% )  over the same time period, but the rise in Azzawya was particularly acute due to a +337.5% spike in cooking fuel prices in the city, the result of clashes in Tripoli in August and September 2018 which blocked fuel supply chains.
Half of merchant KIs  ( 5/10 )  reported changing the provenance of some of their products from Europe to Africa since the beginning of 2018. The Libyan liquidity crisis led to consumers being less able to purchase European items. Additionally, merchants were unable to pay their European suppliers due to the rise of the US dollar and euro exchange rates on the parallel market.15 However, KIs reported that Tunisian and Egyptian items did not meet expected quality standards, which coupled with the recent appreciation of the LYD, had prompted increasing imports from Europe toward the end of 2018, notably from Italy and Spain.
Baker KIs reported that in mid 2018, severe shortages of flour and fuel caused some bakers to temporarily close their businesses and, in some cases, go on strike. However, the situation has improved greatly, and KIs were optimistic about future prospects, as the September 2018 economic reforms that followed these events were correlated both with improvements in the supply of subsidised flour by the government and with the appreciation of the Libyan currency on the parallel market.
Bakery owners in Azzawya perceived themselves to have been more strongly affected by the crisis than the owners of grocery shops or supermarkets. Most baker KIs  ( 8/10 )  reported that they had had to close their businesses at some point in 2018 due to disruptions in the provision of flour, which caused a significant decrease in bread production.
Baker KIs reported that their clients used three main coping strategies when they did not have enough cash to cover their household's needs. The main strategy was purchasing items on credit, to be repaid either in instalments or as a lump sum by the end of the month. The second most common alternative was the use of certified cheques, followed by bartering  ( generally with animals, telephones, vegetables, meat, or gold ) .
In terms of access to services, humanitarian worker KIs also reported greater needs in the health and education sectors than in the food sector. This highlights a potential gap between supply and demand.
IDPs were reported by humanitarian KIs to be the main population group targeted by aid programmes, followed by refugees and migrants. Nevertheless, very few migrant KIs reported being aware of any organisations providing humanitarian aid to migrants in Azzawya  ( 4/31 ) ; those who were reported being aware of the work of the International Organisation for Migration  ( IOM )  and the Libyan Red Crescent.
UNHCR clarified in its report that many of the displaced in urban areas are at risk of war remnants, confirming the presence of 230 displaced families from Tawergha in the camp of Gar Younis since 2018.
Many refugees and migrants in Libya have dire humanitarian needs: of the 663,000 refugees and migrants in Libya in 2018,11 the United Nations  ( UN )  estimates that 412,000 are in need of humanitarian assistance with many facing severe protection risks.12,13 Only 15,342 refugees and migrants reached Italy irregularly via boat from Libya in 2018, a seven fold decrease compared to the previous year.
Refugees and migrants from West and Central Africa have traditionally come to Libya to work, with the view to support their families back home. From 2016 onwards these nationalities also increasingly started to migrate to Italy; in 2018 their proportion among overall sea arrivals slightly decreased. In Libya, the situation for refugees and migrants from West and Central Africa seems to have deteriorated over the course of 2018, as the liquidity crisis has made earning and saving money more difficult and rendered them more vulnerable to labour exploitation and robbery.
Besides the problems experienced at the border, sub Saharan refugees and migrants in particular tended to be exposed to protection risks also in urban centres. Routine abuses and human rights violations reportedly included verbal insults, stone throwing, beatings, robbery, extortion, exploitation and forced evictions, all already widely reported as of the late 1990s.
Despite the increasingly hostile environment for refugees and migrants, and the overall high refugee and migrant population estimated to be in the country  ( between 1.3 and 1.8 million, irregular and regular combined ) , between 2000 and 2010 an average of only 19,000 refugees and migrants reached Europe irregularly via boat each year.34 Albeit the challenges particularly newly irregularised refugees and migrants faced in Libya, Libya remained an attractive destination to work in the region and not, as of 2010, a major transit point to Europe.
Unaccompanied and separated children  ( UASC )  are recognised among the most vulnerable groups, especially in contexts of emergency. In December 2018, IOM DTM estimated that 9% of the 663,000 refugees and migrants estimated to be in the country were children. Thirty three percent  ( 33% )  of them, a total of 19,691 children, were unaccompanied or separated.
Reasons for leaving one's country of origin seem to have remained unchanged among refugees and migrants interviewed in Libya between 2017 and 2018. Poor economic opportunities, fear of individual persecution and violence in countries of origin and in countries of first displacement remain the predominant factors which make refugees and migrants decide to come Libya.
Aristrikes continue to take a toll on civilians in Libya. On July 2, an airstrike, likely carried out by Khalifa Haftar's Libyan National Army  ( LNA ) , hit a detention center run by the Government of National Accord  ( GNA )  for undocumented immigrants in Tagiura, Tripoli. At least fifty three people were killed in the attack, while a reported 136 others were injured.
The internationally recognized Libyan Presidency Council and Government of National Accord led by Faiez Serraj as well as the UN today condemned in the strongest possible terms the Tripoli airstrike that led to the death of at least 44 and injury of 130 migrants.
It confirmed that it led to at least 44 deaths and more than 130 severe injuries. This is the second time this facility, hosting about 600 migrants, has been attacked, it added.
With regards to civil / marital status, a majority  ( 57%, 218 individuals )  of the migrants surveyed were single, whereas 40 percent were married, and only 1.8 percent were divorced or separated. In terms of educational levels reported by surveyed migrants, about 62 percent of the sample had received some form of education including primary education level  ( 17% or 65 migrants )  to university graduates  ( 5%, or 20 migrants ) , whereas 20% of the sample  ( 75 migrants )  reported to have never attended school.
While 12 percent of the migrants surveyed  ( 46 respondents )  expressed that the drinking water they could access was insufficient, 88 percent reported that they had access to sufficient quantities of drinking water. The largest proportion of migrants reporting that they did not have sufficient drinking water were located in Abusliem  ( 35% of the respondents surveyed at Abusliem, 25 of 72 respondents ) .
A significant proportion of the urban migrants were assessed to have left the neighborhood of Salah Eddin since the onset of the armed conflict and were reported to have displaced to the municipalities of Tripoli Center, Suq Aljumaa, Tajorua, and Janzour. Fear of their houses being targeted via aerial bombing or shelling and lack of work opportunities were reported as the reasons for migrants leaving. The work recruitment points in the locations assessed were reported empty due to the ongoing clashes in close proximity to the area, and markets were observed to be closed.
Migrants affected by the ongoing clashes in the South of Tripoli were reported to be moving to the municipality of Janzour, since it was considered to be relatively safe compared to other locations. Migrants' freedom of movement was reported to be unaffected, and migrants were observed frequenting work recruitment points. The supermarket and grocery stores were reported to be open, and no obstacles to migrants' access to food was reported. However, a noticeable increase in the prices of food and non food items has affected the migrant's ability to provide for their own and their families' needs.
Yesterday, UNHCR relocated 29 refugees from the Gharyan detention centre, 90 km south of Tripoli. Living conditions were dire and detainees were increasingly at risk from encroaching clashes. The refugees from Eritrea and Somalia had been detained for months with very limited access to services, scarce food provisions, and poor sanitary conditions leading to outbreaks of diseases.
UNHCR is continuing to work on efforts to relocate the most vulnerable out of Tajoura detention centre, which was hit by an airstrike on 2 July, leaving more than 50 dead and 100 injured. UNHCR has condemned this attack on civilian life and called for an immediate end to detention.
Currently, there are 3,800 refugees and migrants held in detention centres located near conflict areas in and around Tripoli. So far in 2019, 1,296 refugees and asylum seekers departed for solutions out of Libya  ( 294 to Niger, 295 to Italy, 225 to Romania and 66 to other countries ) .
IOM teams provided food and water to the people who were still traumatized by Tuesday's attack, and will continue to assist them. At least 12 survivors with severe injuries – some needing urgent surgery – have been referred to clinics by IOM doctors who remain on call to follow up on these cases.
An Eritrean refugee said a first air strike hit a hangar adjacent to the detention centre, followed by a second strike that hit the men's cell at the centre itself around five minutes later. Following the attack, up to 300 migrants and refugees – some of whom were returned to Libya after being intercepted in the Mediterranean in recent weeks – are now out in the streets of Tajoura, frightened and waiting for urgent assistance.
This deadly attack which struck a detention centre where at least 600 refugees and migrants were trapped in detention with no means of escape, and whose location was known to all warring parties, must be independently investigated as a war crime. The International Criminal Court should immediately investigate the possibility that this was a direct attack on civilians,' said Magdalena Mughrabi, Deputy Middle East and North Africa Director at Amnesty International.
UNHCR was able to assess the situation, speak to refugees at the facility and provide food and water through its partner International Medical Corps  ( IMC )  while options are being explored. On 9 May, UNHCR had relocated 80 vulnerable refugees from Tajoura detention centre to its GDF in the centre of Tripoli. The group included Eritrean, Ethiopian, Somali, Sudanese and Palestinians, as well as 48 children, out of whom 39 were unaccompanied.
The Secretary General is outraged by reports that at least 44 migrants and refugees, including women and children, have been killed and more than 130 injured following air strikes at the Tajoura migrant detention centre, east of Tripoli. He condemns this horrendous incident in the strongest terms.
Over 600 refugees and migrants, including women and children, were being held against their will in Tajoura DC at the time of the attack. It is to be noted that GPS coordinates of the DCs, including Tajoura DC, as well as their civilian nature, had been communicated by UNSMIL to the parties to the conflict well in advance of this attack.
In and around Tripoli, humanitarian actors remain particularly concerned for the safety and wellbeing of the nearly 3,800 refugees and migrants currently held in detentions centres exposed to, or in close proximity to, the fighting. As this horrific incident demonstrates, all individuals inside these centres are at imminent risk, as they are held against their will and have no means of seeking safety on their own.
As night falls in Tripoli an estimated 250 migrants, many of them women and children, remain at the detention centre.
There are 3,800 refugees and migrants held in detention centres located near conflict areas in and around Tripoli. Since the onset of the crisis, UNHCR has relocated over 1,630 refugees and asylum seekers to the GDF or to detention centres located in safer areas, due to the lack of other alternatives. Currently, there are 479 refugees and asylum seekers hosted in the GDF in Tripoli. Over the past three months, UNHCR has evacuated 589 individuals to Niger  ( 294 individuals )  and to Italy  ( 295 individuals
Tajoura held at least 600 refugees and migrants including women and children. The airstrike that left scores dead, also left dozens injured. For that reason, we expect the final death toll to include many more victims.
Potatoes and tomatoes were both 53.3% more expensive than they were before the conflict in March 2019. The clashes in the south of Tripoli have driven up the cost of agricultural products produced in Libya, as much of Libya's fertile land is situated in the vicinity of the fighting.
Mainly in the west and east of Libya, the cost of hygiene products has risen sharply, driving up the median MEB cost. In spite of claims that most ports are operational, the extreme price hikes for imported hygiene products  ( laundry detergent +67.7% and dishwashing liquid +53.6% )  may however indicate that not all goods are able to be imported into the country as easily.
The overall increase of the cost of fuel in Libya has been stimulated by the rise in the official  ( +36.0% )  and unofficial fuel  ( +75.0% )  prices in the west. One can assume that these fuel prices are being pushed up by an increase in transport costs on conflict affected supply routes. The increase in fuel cost was also influenced by the lack of official cooking fuel data in Misrata which means the median price was higher than usual.
• Food prices had been expected to rise during Ramadan; however, these price hikes were masked by earlier supply chain disruptions connected with clashes in Tripoli, which led to a 1.8% decrease in the median cost of the food portion of the MEB between May and June.
There is a general lack of consolidated logistics information available to humanitarian responders, especially in relation to the status of bridges, roads, ports and airports, and the availability of warehousing. This lack of information is impacting upon the capacity of responding organisations to effectively plan their supply chains. Information gaps also extend to humanitarian customs procedures through different entry points and other administrative processes, which also have potential to cause significant delays in clearing processes as cargo volumes increase.
Impact beyond Tripoli: The conflict in and around Tripoli is making it increasingly difficult for assistance to reach people in need in other areas of the country, particularly in the southern region, where the recent conflict has exacerbated existing humanitarian concerns. The disruption of transport of key goods, due to the presence of conflict and combatants along major trade routes is increasing the severity of already existing shortages. Reportedly, delivery of fuel to petrol stations in the south has ceased since the start of the conflict in Tripoli, leaving residents to resort to the black market and facing high price increases.
Conflict affected individuals – including IDPs, refugees and migrants, and civilians trapped in conflict areas – have had their access to health care services severely disrupted. Injured civilians and persons with specific medical needs are in urgent need of medical assistance – assistance which is increasingly strained due to attacks impacting health workers and facilities.
The use of explosive weapons – including artillery shelling and aerial bombardment – in populated areas continues to cause civilian casualties. At least six people were killed and five people were injured in an apparent airstrike in Qasr Bin Ghashir on 14 May. 126 civilian casualties, including 29 fatalities, have now been confirmed since the beginning of clashes.1
This week, humanitarian actors raised concerns over some 214 refugees and migrants intercepted at sea being brought to detention centres in conflict areas. On 11 May the Libyan Coast Guard intercepted 106 refugees and migrants  ( including 16 women and 4 children ) , transferring them to Azzawya Al Nasr DC. On 12 May, another 108 migrants and refugees were intercepted at sea and transferred to Tajoura DC. Both DCs are already exposed to, or at risk from, armed conflict
But there are more than 600,000 migrants, refugees, and asylum seekers inLibya, and the majority are not in detention. That doesn't mean they are safe. In Tripoli, many are among the more than 59,000 people forced to flee their homes by the fighting, which has pitted general Khalifa Haftar's Libyan National Army against forces loyal to the UN backed Government of National Accord.
They are among thousands of detained migrants, mostly apprehended by local forces funded by the European Union, who have suffered abuses at the hands of traffickers and are now caught up in the armed conflict. The Associated Press recently documented abuses at another detention facility, where hundreds of migrants have been held in filthy conditions , with barely enough food to survive.
Two migrants told The Associated Press that guards fled the Gharyan detention center, which houses nearly 30 migrants, including 10 suffering from tuberculosis. Militiamen stormed the center on Wednesday, holding one migrant at gunpoint and accusing him of supporting Field Marshal Khalifa Hifter's self styled Libyan National Army.
For hundreds of African migrants, dreams of a new life in Europe have instead ended in a detention center in the remote desert of war torn Libya, where they say they have been held for months amid raw sewage, piles of garbage, disease, maggots and barely enough food to survive.
Others who spoke on condition of anonymity because they feared retribution said in texts to the AP that at least 22 migrants have died since September   a figure confirmed by United Nations and Doctors Without Borders aid workers   and that at least 100 migrants were sick with disease, mainly tuberculosis. Some migrants said the center includes 100 minors who live side by side with adults.
At least 6,000 migrants from such nations as Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia and Sudan are locked in dozens of detention facilities run by militias accused of torture and other human rights abuses. And that comes after often arduous journeys at the mercy of traffickers who are known to abuse migrants and hold them for ransom money from families back home.
Eastern Libyan forces loyal commander Khalifa Haftar said they destroyed a Turkish drone parked at Tripoli's only working airport on Sunday and declared a "general mobilisation" as tensions between Ankara and the eastern administration mounted.
As of 28 June, 3,457 refugees and migrants were rescued/intercepted at sea by the Libyan Coast Guard during 44 operations in 2019. Since May UNHCR has noted an increase of disembarkation events when compared to previous month. In June alone, 1,060 refugees and migrants were disembarked at the Tripoli Naval Base  ( 458 individuals ) , Al Khums port  ( 436 individuals ) , and Azzawya  ( 166 individuals ) . This week, 392 refugees and migrants were disembarked at Al Khums port  ( 267 individuals )  and Tripoli  ( 125 individuals ) .
There are 55,770 refugees and asylum seekers registered with UNHCR in Libya. The majority are Syrians  ( 44 percent ) , Sudanese  ( 21 percent ) , and Eritreans  ( 14 percent ) . This week, UNHCR has registered over 120 persons of concern in urban areas and held in detention centres. In addition, UNHCR continues to conduct an extensive verification exercise. So far this year, over 4,450 individuals were registered, including approximately 2,000 in detention.
More specifically, since the onset of armed conflict on 04 April 2019, clashes have continuously been reported in densely populated areas in South Tripoli and throughout the reporting period, triggering displacement of civilians to safer neighborhoods in Tripoli, the Nafusa mountains and along the coastal line in Western Libya. IDP families displaced to locations close to areas of conflict remain at risk, along with host community members providing them with shelter. While most IDP families were identified to be staying in private accommodation, over 3,900 IDPs were identified in collective shelters.
The impact of ongoing armed conflict on food security and markets was found to vary significantly depending on the distance of the assessed location from the sites of ongoing clashes. The area of Khallet al Furjan and Swani Bin Adam municipality were assessed to fare worse than other locations in comparison. At both of these locations, due to their close proximity to the ongoing clashes, people were reported to be unable to safely purchase food while roads connecting these locations to neighboring areas were reported to be frequently inaccessible.
In Round 25, the majority of IDPs  ( 63% )  were identified in the West of Libya, followed by 19% in the East and 18% in the South of Libya. Regarding IDPs returning to their places of origin, the majority  ( 51% )  of returning IDPs  ( returnees )  were identified in the East of Libya, followed by 41% in the West, while the remaining 7% were identified to have returned to their places of origin in the South. Benghazi had the highest number of returnees  ( 188,175 individuals ) , followed by Sirt  ( 77,210 individuals ) .
During the crisis in Tripoli, DTM conducted a rapid profiling exercise of displaced households to better understand the demographic composition of IDP families. To this end, DTM enumerators gathered demographic data from a sample of 6,000 IDPs displaced from South Tripoli in May 2019. Notably, a slight majority of sampled IDPs were female  ( 51% ) , while almost half of the surveyed population were children  ( 48% )
The World Health Organization  ( WHO )  said that the number of people killed since the outbreak of clashes in Tripoli, last April, has amounted to 739, among them, 41 civilians.
Armed clashed yesterday resumed between forces of Libya's UN recognised Government of National Accord  ( GNA )  and the troops loyal to the country's east based general Khalifa Haftar near the capital, Tripoli.
Libya has been engaged in civil war since 2011 when former Prime Minister Muammar Gaddafi was overthrown against the backdrop of the Arab Spring.
Armed clashes and airstrikes continued during the week as parties to the conflict continue fighting. During the week, an airstrike in Qasr bin Ghashir resulted in 11 civilian casualties  ( 6 dead and 5 wounded ) . The total number of casualties  ( civilian and non civilian )  during the week was 261  ( 39 dead and 222 wounded ) . This includes 15 verified civilian casualties  ( 6 dead and 9 wounded ) .
Nearly 24 hours later, the protection sector members report little to no movement of the displaced families to their location of origin. This is reportedly due to a lack of faith among Libyans that this ceasefire will hold – ceasefire agreements in the previous days have not. Families are unwilling to travel back to areas which may, again, erupt into clashes which will leave them stranded in insecurity without access to basic goods and services.
Over the course of eight days, more than 1800 families were displaced to several locations in Tripoli and across Libya. Additionally, according to the Ministry of Health  ( MoH )  61 persons  ( including 21 civilians )  were killed and more than 150 were injured due to the clashes and indiscriminate shelling.
On 26 December 2018, the Libyan Government of National Accord ratified an agreement that allowed the return of the displaced population of the city of Tawargha to their area of origin, to take effect and allow the return as of 1 February 2018. The agreement was concluded after seven years of forced displacement of around 40,000 Tawarghan from their area of origin  ( the city of Tawargha ) .
The fighting erupted between several armed groups in the Tripoli's southern districts on 27 August  ( Including Khallat Al Furjan, Ain Zara, Abu Slim, Salah Eddin and Ben Aoun ) . Armed groups used medium and heavy weaponry, which resulted in the displacement of thousands of civilians. Many civilians were trapped without a corridor for safe passage to flee the areas affected by conflict
Armed Conflict, lack of safety, together with lack of access to basic services, continue to exacerbate the vulnerabilities of the population. In particular, women, children and persons with specific needs are at heightened risk from conflict and the consequent loss of heads of households, family separation and breakdown of community structures. 4 have been killed and many people with specific needs were not able to leave the areas with clashes.