nlp-thedeep/humsetbias huggingface dataset:
The humanitarian and international community have made several calls to all parties to the conflict to strictly adhere to their obligations under international humanitarian law to take all feasible measures to protect civilians from harm, including the prohibition of indiscriminate attacks and the principle of proportionality; however, the indiscriminate attacks and shelling continued and resulted with the loss of many of civilian lives including children and humanitarian workers. Thousands of civilians were trapped in conflict zone areas and were not given any safe routes to evacuate the conflict areas, civilian infrastructure have been targeted and humanitarian actors were denied to access to the most vulnerable population.
On 26 December 2018, the Libyan Government of National Accord ratified an agreement that allowed the return of the displaced population of the city of Tawargha to their area of origin, to take effect and allow the return as of 1 February 2018. The agreement was concluded after seven years of forced displacement of around 40,000 Tawarghan from their area of origin  ( the city of Tawargha ) . They became internally displaced, residing in makeshifts settlements across Libya. As per the terms of the agreement, which assured the right to return, Tawarghan families began making their preparations to return. Tawarghans from eastern Libya commenced their journey  ( by car convoy )  in late January 2018.
All participants raised concerns on the risk of fire in the site, due to living in overcrowded temporary structures, using unsafe cooking and heating appliances or open fires, and inability to provide constant childhood supervision. The community already witnessed a fire incident in the site and they are afraid that fire incidents will continue.
The humanitarian and international community continue calling all parties to the conflict to strictly adhere to their obligations under the international humanitarian law to take all feasible measures to protect civilians from harm, including the prohibition of indiscriminate attacks and the principle of proportionality; however, the indiscriminate attacks and shelling continued and resulted in loss of many of civilian lives including children, women, families and humanitarian workers. Thousands of civilians were trapped in conflict zone areas and were not given any safe routes to evacuate the conflict areas, civilian infrastructure has been targeted and humanitarian actors were denied access to the most vulnerable population.
The assessment found that the lack of safe routes, lack of shelter, and fear to move out of their housing because of looting in their absence continue to be the main barriers preventing civilians to leave conflict affected areas to safer locations. Continuous fighting and shelling as well as blockage of roads pose the highest threats for civilians. Also, due to increased checkpoints Libyans and non Libyans fear risk of arrest and detention.
The physical safety of civilians is being threatened by indiscriminate attacks as fighting spills into different neighborhoods of Tripoli. Deprivation of life, physical violence, denial of liberty, forced, denied or restricted movement, denial of land and property, denial of civil status, registration and documentation, denial of family rights, and denial of access to humanitarian aid are among the most reported incidents affecting the different communities since the fighting began.
The lack of presence of the protection actors in Libya, due to relocation of staff, is affecting the capacity of the humanitarian community to respond to protection and humanitarian needs, and to coordinate with Libyan counterparts and local authorities. Improved protection monitoring activities, including referral systems, are needed, especially in conflict affected areas and areas of displacement. Lack of access to conflict affected areas and areas outside of Tripoli remains a constraint.
As the conflict continues, women and girls continue to face not only restricted movements in Tripoli but also exposure to kidnapping and sexual exploitation and abuse. The assessment points to increased cases of sexual violence perpetrated by militants against non Libyans especially those from Chad, Eriteria and Iraq. While GBV risks are considerably high, the recent assessment indicates that few community members are aware of available GBV services.
In Garabolli new IDP arrivals are also reported and pending a further assessment. In Yefran, the municipality is requesting assistance for 430 families considered in need of shelter/NFI support. In Suq Al Jumaa 2,175 families are reported by the municipality in need of support despite interventions carried out there during the past month.
Due to the conflict, the company supposed to do the maintenance of the Man Made River Project  ( MMRP )  has evacuated its staff in Libya. As a consequence, all the maintenance scheduled in April and May has been suspended thus reducing the required water pumping.
Electricity cuts have also resulted in irregular supply of water across various areas in and around Tripoli. At the same time, landfill sites for solid waste disposal located near to conflict areas cannot be accessed by responsible local authorities, which is resulting in growing piles of waste in Tripoli. With the summer season approaching this will lead to foul smells and a favorable environment for vector breeding.
On 20 May, the Humanitarian Coordinator issued a statement condemning the deliberate cut off of water supply to Tripoli and other north western cities, potentially impacting upwards of 2 million people, by an armed group who stormed a water control station of the Man Made River Project  ( MMRP )  in Jabal al Hasawna the previous day. On 21 May, the water supply to Tripoli was restored.
Approximately 2,300 refugees and migrants in Triq Al Sika, Al Sabaa, Janzour, Abusliem, Gharyan and Tajoura DCs are in need of food assistance, as regular food distribution by local authorities has been disrupted due to the conflict.
At least 4,250 people  ( 850 families )  are confirmed to have been displaced by IOM/DTM teams. According to the Ghat Emergency Cell and humanitarian partners on the ground, five collective shelters are hosting about 1,200 internally displaced persons; three schools in Ghat city and two schools in Alberket town, 7 km south of Ghat city; while others joined friends and relatives in safer areas
Food security partners reported food stocks sufficient for 2,000 affected families, which could be delivered in a three days' timeframe; provided no access challenges are encountered.
A wave of heavy rainfall and thunderstorm has hit the south western region of Libya. The rainfall commenced on the 28 May 2019 and intensified on the 2 June. The municipality of Ghat has been severely affected, including: Silila, Ta'ala, Ghat, Albakat, Saya, Alfiywat, Al Sharika and Al Siniyah. The rainfall and thunderstorm are expected to continue, decreasing in intensity in the coming days. The water levels have not receded and vary between 0.5 to 2 meters depending on the area. The municipality activated the Emergency Cell consisting of local authorities, police and the Libyan Red Crescent.
Severe damage to infrastructure and farmland vital for livelihoods were reported. Ghat hospital was partially flooded and service provision has been affected. The official exams for elementary and middle school scheduled for next week have been postponed. There is a risk of running out of fuel and domestic commodities due to the infrastructure damage. The airport remains operational.
Based on the Emergency Cell evaluation of the situation, the immediate needs include temporary shelter; non food items, including: mattresses; food supplies, as well as nutritional supplies for infants; hygiene kits along with cleaning materials; and health care for the flood affected population
Mayor of Central Tripoli, Abdul Raouf Bayt Al Mal said Saturday, that the buildings in danger of collapse in the municipality of Central Tripoli amount to about 6,300 houses.
Health facilities and pharmacies were affected by the floods, impacting on the medical service provision. Among the flooded facilities are Ghat hospital and its warehouse. The scale and the damage of the medical equipment and supplies hasn't been assessed yet. National and local authorities have responded to the crisis by sending medical teams and supplies to Ghat affected areas.
According to protection partners, several families including women, children and people with specific needs  ( PwSN )  are displaced on the open area with limited or no access to protection and humanitarian assistance, which make them more vulnerable. Severe damage of shelters and farmlands are likely to increase the risk of Gender Based Violence; therefore, mobile clinics need to ensure sufficient stocks of post rape care kits and staff to provide psychosocial support.
About 650 women displaced in the collective shelters are in need of dignity kits. UNFPA and their partners provided 180 kits and an additional 470 are needed. Child protection partners, with the support of UNICEF, will carry on recreational/psychosocial activities for the affected children in the five collective shelters.
The Crisis Committee of the Ministry of Social Affairs said that it had documented about 22,000 displaced families from areas of clashes south of Tripoli.
The Civil Defence rescue teams managed to recover the bodies of two children from under the rubbles of a building, which collapsed in Shawqi Street downtown the capital Tripoli, the National Safety Authority confirmed Friday.
The area of Khallet al Furjan and Swani Bin Adam municipality have been consistently assessed to fare worse than other locations in comparison. For continuous two cycles of assessments, food stores  ( such as supermarkets and grocery stores )  were reported to be closed. Similarly, widespread closure of bakeries was also reported for two consecutive rounds of assessments.
As of 23 June 2019, a total of 55,770 asylum seekers and refugees are registered with UNHCR in Libya. A total of 4,263 individuals have been identified by UNHCR and its partners to be currently in one of the accessible Libyan detention centres.
Since 1 September 2017, 1,469 individuals have been submitted for resettlement to 8 States  ( Canada, France, Italy, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland ) . A total of 434 individuals have departed on resettlement from Libya directly or through the ETC in Romania to Canada, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway and Sweden. A total of 264 individuals have been accepted for resettlement and are pending departure from Libya directly or through the ETC Romania. A total of 824 individuals have been submitted for resettlement and are pending interview or decision by a resettlement State in Libya.
Since the start of the evacuation operation from Libya in late 2017, a total of 3,890 persons  ( including unaccompanied children )  have been evacuated to Niger  ( 2,911 ) , Italy  ( 710 )  and the ETC Romania  ( 269 ) . There are 215 evacuated unaccompanied children remaining in Niger
A total of 422 individuals have been accepted for resettlement and are pending departure from Niger to Canada, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States. A total of 215 individuals have been submitted for resettlement and are pending interview or decision by a resettlement country in Niger.
A total of 88 individuals have been accepted for resettlement and are pending departure from Niger to Canada, France and Sweden. A total of 208 individuals have been submitted for resettlement and are pending interview or decision by a resettlement State in Niger.
Earlier this year, about 50 of the detainees in the poorest health were transferred from Zintan to Gharyan detention center, located about 60 miles to the northeast and on the front line of the current conflict between the Libyan Government of National Accord  ( GNA )  and the Libyan National Army  ( LNA ) . With heavy fighting nearby, the situation for the 29 detainees who remain in Gharyan is particularly hazardous. The area can be inaccessible to ambulances because of the fighting, making it difficult to organize lifesaving referrals to a hospital when needed.
Some were kidnapped in Libya by traffickers who tortured them to extort money from them and their relatives. Some attempted to cross the Mediterranean Sea in search of safety but were brought back by the Libyan Coast Guard, with support from the European Union, and taken to detention centers near the coast. Others who were held by smugglers in Sabratha became caught in the middle of fighting between rival militias in October 2017 and were subsequently taken to detention centers in Tripoli.
Among interviewed refugees and migrants, twelve reported having been victims of torture while in captivity, often done on camera, with the aim of extorting money. Reported torture practices included electrocution  ( three reported cases )  and the use of ropes to block the victim, while hitting him in the most sensitive part of the body with iron sticks  ( two reported cases ) . Accounts also included torture practices targeting children travelling with families.
Lack of access to legal documentation in countries of first displacement in the region was reported by two respondents from Eritrea among the key factors that influenced their decision to reach Europe by crossing Libya.
As fighting in Western Libya continues, children and women continue to be caught in the crossfire. Between 11 16 June nine civilians were wounded as a result of collateral damage from nearby airstrikes or shelling. Since the beginning of the conflict, 176 civilian casualties, including 42 civilian deaths have been verified.
On Sunday 09 June, following the month of Ramadan, the Ministry of Education opened all schools in Tripoli for children. Yet many of them remain closed in the southern part of Tripoli and those hosting the displaced families. In nine municipalities in and around Tripoli, 122,088 children were not able to go to school since the beginning of the crisis in April. The schools are planned to remain open until students take their end of the year exams by the end of June.
On May 10, 16 migrants    most from Bangladesh    were saved by Tunisian fishermen, after their boat sank, killing around 60 others. Two of those rescued decided to return home.
On 3 February 2019, four civilians were killed and 19 others injured after an LNA airstrike in Murzuq.
The President of the Presidency Council of the Government of National Accord  ( GNA ) , Fayez Serraj, today announced a constructive proposal to advance the political process towards ending Libya's long state of conflict. UNSMIL welcomes the initiative, and any other initiative proposed by any of Libya's major actors and offers its good offices to assist the country to emerge from its long state of transition towards a period of peace, stability and prosperity.
Fighting between the Libyan National Army  ( LNA )  and the Derna Protection Force  ( DPF ) , previously known as the Derna Mujahidin Shura Council, resulted in at least seven deaths and 30 injuries to civilians. Most civilian casualties were caused by indiscriminate fire and unguided weapons, such as artillery and mortars, as the LNA increased its operations to gain control of Derna's Old City.
The power grid had become increasingly unreliable due to multiple factors. Frequent power outages and weak electrical current meant that the power provided was erratic and potentially damaging, particularly to water wells and pumps. This has caused severe damage to the water system and has led to water shortages in all assessed cities
More than 20 people were killed during violent clashes between disputing communities in Murzuq in the first week of June.5 Despite this, the majority of key informants in all assessed areas, including Sebha and Murzuq, indicated that residents felt safe on a day to day basis.
The 2018 MSNA found that 4.6% of households in Sebha were severly food insecure and 7.3% moderately food insecure, versus respectively 0.0% and 0.3% in Brak, 0.0% and 33.5% in Murzuq, and 0.1% and 19.6% in Ubari.13 However, these percentages are likely to increase over the whole region, as the production of local items may stall due to lack of power and water supplies, and as supply chains from the Tripoli area have been increasingly disrupted since the start of the conflict in April.
Although supply chains were affected by the conflict in Tripoli, all food items remained generally available in marketplaces, as was also reflected in the Joint Market Monitoring Initiative data from April14 15 However, in Murzuq, several bakeries stopped operating due to a lack of fuel to provide power, leading to limited availability of bread. During the month of Ramadan, people reportedly were obliged to queue in front of bakeries when trying to get bread.
The evacuees are from Eritrea, Somalia, Sudan and Ethiopia. They include 65 children, 13 of them below a year in age. One of the children was born just two months ago.
The impact of on going armed conflict on the situation of food security and markets was observed to vary significantly depending on the distance of the assessed location from the sites of ongoing clashes.
Across Libya, an estimated 823,000 people, including around 248,000 children, are in need of humanitarian assistance. Conflict in and around Tripoli since early April has driven close to 100,000 displacements and generated new demands for humanitarian response. However, most humanitarian needs remain outside of Tripoli, including in large parts of southern Libya.
IDPs in Darnah cited their primary needs as basic household supplies and shelter, while non displaced conflict affected populations cited multipurpose cash, food, and WASH assistance, as well as health care services, according to REACH. The UN conducted an interagency humanitarian mission to the city of Darnah on February 21, its first in more than five years; conflict in the district between May 2018 and February 2019 displaced approximately 35,000 people.
The conflict in Tripoli continues with no end in sight over two months after it began. Casualties are steadily mounting in the eastern and southern parts of the city, and as many as 90,000 people are estimated to have already been displaced, while tens of thousands may be trapped in their neighbourhoods. Because of indiscriminate attacks, it is increasingly dangerous for medical workers to help the wounded.
There are 57,050 persons currently registered with UNHCR in Libya, of whom 12,934 persons were registered in 2018 and 1,823 persons registered in 2019. The majority of those registered are Syrian  ( 41% ) , followed by Sudanese  ( 19% )  and Eritrean  ( 15% )  nationals.
Thursday started with uncertainty and erratic clashes that intensified later around the abandoned Tripoli International Airport. Qasr bin Ghashir, Ain Zara, Wadi Al Rabei and Swani districts witnessed heavy artillery shelling and gunfire between the Government of National Accord  ( GNA )  and Libyan National Army  ( LNA )  affiliated forces as fighting continued for the seventh day. Both sides continue to use airstrikes against each other; airstrikes hit Souq Al Khamis, Souq Al Ahad and Ain Zara. Another airstrike hit the diplomatic suburb of Ain Zara while another one hit Swani district. Two ambulances of the field hospital were hit by the shrapnel, which injured one of the health workers.
IDP families displaced to locations close to areas of conflict remain at risk, along with host community members providing them with shelter. Furthermore, over 3,685 migrants remain in detention centers in Tripoli and nearby areas and are also considered to be at high risk of being affected by the conflict.
At least 4,250 people  ( 850 families )  are confirmed to have been displaced by IOM/DTM teams. According to the Ghat Emergency Cell and humanitarian partners on the ground, five collective shelters are hosting about 1,200 internally displaced persons; three schools in Ghat city and two schools in Alberket town, 7 km south of Ghat city; while others joined friends and relatives in safer areas.
Based on the rapid NFI and market assessment conducted by IOM/DTM, bakeries, food markets and markets in general reported to be closed; however, the Eid holiday needs to be factored.
The Displacement Tracking Matrix  ( DTM )  estimated that 560 families have been displaced but the exact number remains unclear. Among the displaced families are United Nations staff including two World Health Organization  ( WHO )  staff who pulled out their families from the south of Tripoli.
The field hospitals have been providing field ambulance services despite the death of one of the doctors who was killed during the operation on Sunday. The field hospitals operate in Tripoli round the clock in close coordination with WHO and national health authorities.
Reduced water supply is the result of a stall in required maintenance works to the network, as international workers were evacuated in context of the hostilities. Disruptions at pumping stations have placed additional pressure on the limited water supply. An apparently deliberate shutdown at a water pumping facility in Zliten on 26 May temporarily disrupted water provision to the coastal cities of Misrata, Garabolli, Al Khoms and Zliten. The week before, on 19 May, an armed group had stormed a pumping facility in Jabal al Hasawna, temporarily disrupting water supply to Tripoli and the western region.
Continuous attacks on the water system further jeopardize levels of health and hygiene among the civilian population", the UN Humanitarian Coordinator for Libya Maria Ribeiro warned last week, "particularly those most vulnerable, including children, and cause further hardship and possible displacement.'
The risk of Gender based Violence, particularly sexual exploitation and abuse, continues to increase as a direct result of ongoing conflict. An increasing degree of lawlessness has been reported in conflict areas, including sexual violence perpetrated by combatants. Food insecurity, decreased cash liquidity and market access and availability of water and electricity are all critical factors that further expose women and girls already traumatized by the ongoing conflict and who, as a result, need of some form of psychosocial support, safety and protection.
Group 1: Individuals fully processed by both UNHCR and resettlement States in Libya, who will depart directly from Libya on resettlement. Group 2: Individuals fully processed by UNHCR in Libya, who are evacuated to ETM Niger for interviews by resettlement States and depart from Niger.
In the West, the school year has been officially suspended by the Ministry of Education since 9 May and should resume at the end of Ramadan on 9 June for grades 6 to 9.
After the onset of armed conflict in Suq Al Khamis, Aziziya and southern Tripoli on 05 April 2019, at least 560 families  ( approximately 2,800 individuals )  have been displaced to other areas in Tripoli, Msallata, Garabolli, Bani Waleed and Tarhuna, including 250 families over the past 24 hours.
Water and electricity cuts are being reported from frontline areas, while market access and availability of food is very limited. Refugees and migrants in urban areas are especially at risk, as they face discrimination in accessing collective shelters and other services.
Humanitarian actors are extremely concerned for the safety and wellbeing of nearly 3,400 refugees and migrants trapped in ten detentions centres  ( DCs )  exposed to, or in close proximity to, the fighting. All individuals inside these centres are at imminent risk, as they have no means of seeking safety on their own.
In addition to the risk posed by armed clashes, access to food, water and healthcare is severely restricted at these facilities as a result of the conflict. Humanitarian actors continue to call for detained refugees and migrants to be released and provided with safe shelter until their asylum claims can be processed or they can be provided with safe repatriation assistance for reunification with their families.
On 20 May, the Humanitarian Coordinator issued a statement condemning the deliberate cut off of water supply to Tripoli and other north western cities, potentially impacting upwards of 2 million people, by an armed group who stormed a water control station of the Man Made River Project  ( MMRP )  in Jabal al Hasawna the previous day.
Humanitarian actors are also concerned that responsible local authorities are not able to access primary landfill sites in conflict affected areas, leading to a build up of solid waste in Tripoli. With the summer season approaching this will lead to foul smells and a favourable environment for vector breeding.
Areas south of Ayn Zara, Khala, Azizya, Wadi Rabiya'a and Qasr Bin Ghashir remain largely inaccessible to humanitarian actors due to fighting and random shelling. OCHA is supporting humanitarian access through establishment of a new reporting mechanism, whereby humanitarian actors will be able to report access constraints as they transpire to OCHA who will then engage with relevant parties to alleviate, or mitigate the impact of, reported constraints.
Armed clashes and airstrikes continued during the week as parties to the conflict continue fighting. The total number of casualties  ( civilian and non civilian )  during the week was 438  ( 50 dead and 388 wounded ) . This includes 9 verified civilian casualties  ( 2 dead and 7 wounded ) .
Misrata Medical Center and Al Afia hospital in Al Jofra are in need of additional surgical capacity given the increasing number of casualties being received by both hospitals. The capacity of primary health care facilities is limited to cope with the increasing number of IDPs with chronic illnesses. Access and the security of medical facilities and staff is a major constraint, as field hospitals and ambulance teams are being hampered by indiscriminate shelling and airstrikes. Additional funding is needed to ensure essential medical supplies are fully available and accessible.
Continued armed conflict in and around Tripoli poses continued risk for civilians, including refugees and migrants in urban settings and nearly 3,400 refugees and migrants trapped in DCs exposed to, or in close proximity to, the fighting. During this reporting period, IOM provided health assistance to approximately 400 refugees and migrants in DCs, including treatment of TB which is present in several DCs.
Since humanitarian access is restricted in many areas of displacement, assistance cannot be provided to all IDPs in their current place of displacement. Since new displaced populations are constantly being identified it remains extremely difficult to dedicate capacity on the ground for post distribution monitoring in order to revise the design of assistance packages according to identified needs of the displaced people.
Mobile networks in the south of Tripoli and conflict areas around Ain Zara continue to be unstable. With the current instability in the mobile network and the risk of continued power outages, the backup communications systems are now being relied upon, and require strengthening. UN agencies apart from UNSMIL do not have any licenses to own and operate or import radios in Libya. The regulatory environment in Libya poses a constant challenge when planning radio infrastructure and for the importation of satellite equipment.
Some 3,400 migrants and refugees remain detained in Tripoli, according to UN figures. We appeal to the authorities in Libya and the international community to ensure that migrants and refugees held in such detention facilities are immediately released, that evacuation, resettlement and voluntary humanitarian return options urgently expanded, and alternatives to detention are developed.
All 20,000 of Ghat's inhabitants are now in need of humanitarian support. Shelter, food and basic items are urgently needed.
A total of 434 individuals have departed on resettlement from Libya directly or through the ETC in Romania to Canada, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway and Sweden. A total of 169 individuals have been accepted for resettlement and are pending departure from Libya directly or through the ETC Romania to Canada  ( 2 ) , France  ( 11 ) , Norway  ( 152 )  and Sweden  ( 4 ) . A total of 910 individuals have been submitted for resettlement and are pending interview or decision by a resettlement State in Libya.
According to a Protection Sector Assessment conducted between 28 April 05 May, 48 percent of assessed persons reported that their current locations were not safe, and 11 percent of assessed persons indicated the presence of unexploded ordnance  ( UXO ) . Additionally, 56 percent of those assessed indicated that protection incidents were significantly higher in May than before the conflict's outbreak with the protection incidents mostly related to physical violence, denial of liberty and deprivation of life.
Since the escalation of hostilities in the outskirts of Tripoli on 4 April, over 60,000 people are estimated to have been displaced from conflict affected neighbourhoods while thousands of others remain trapped in conflict affected areas, unable to escape to safety. Most displaced families are staying in private accommodation in different neighbourhoods and suburbs of Tripoli, while hundreds of displaced families are also being hosted in 29 active collective centres. Some 3,000 refugees and migrants remain trapped in detention centers in Abusliem, Gharyan and Qasr bin Ghashir, in close proximity to ongoing hostilities. As indiscriminate shelling and the use of medium and heavy weapons in heavily populated areas continue unabated, the humanitarian impact is expected to continue to grow.
As mentioned above, the surge in conflict has led to some high levels of displacement. However, despite the difficult circumstances, people in conflict affected areas do not always decide to move either because they are afraid of looting or because roads are blocked or generally unsafe. For all the interviewed Libyan and non Libyan male and female key informants, the main barriers to safety were: no safe routes, no options for shelter, and fear to move out of their housing because of looting in their absence.
The three main information providers for non Libyan people who decide to move to safety are: family and friends  ( 40 ) , social media  ( 34 )  and CSOs/NGOs  ( 19 )  while the UN hotline and worship places such as churches, mosques rank last. Libyans rely on the same channels for information, but also rely more on the crisis committees and local authorities than on NGOs.
This assessment was not conducted in detention settings, however, the protection sector would like to flag that detained migrants and refugees remain a group of particular concern within the current context. As of 8 May, more than 6,000 migrants and refugees are estimated remain arbitrarily detained in 37 detention centres  ( DC )  across Libya, including some 3,380 in DCs located in conflict affected areas around Tripoli.
Libyan female respondents mentioned their community relying on a wider range of information providers than non Libyan women. For example, female KIs from Chad who are usually experiencing higher vulnerabilities and discrimination, rely mostly on social media and CSOs/NGOs. Female Libyan KIs mentioned relying on CSOs/NGOs the most but also relying on family, social media and local authorities. The situation is different for male non Libyans who are searching for information from several resources: family and friends, social media, media outlets, embassies and local authorities. Only one Ethiopian male KI reported that social media was a source of information on accessing safety for his community.
Once both Libyan and non Libyans decide to take the journey to safety, the continuous fighting and shelling as well as blockage of roads pose the highest threats. Also, due to increased checkpoints non Libyans fear risk of arrest and detention. Male respondents  ( 84% )  reported this risk more than women respondents  ( 77% ) . While both share the same fear of movement due to blockage of roads and checkpoints  ( approx 54% ) .
The respondents were asked about the situation of women and girls in light of the ongoing crisis. They have highlighted that the problems that women and girls face are the following: no safe place and privacy  ( 21 ) , general fear and insecurity  ( 12 )  and harassment  ( 11 ) . Access to assistance also seems to be a significant challenge to ensure their protection and needs. Non Libyan women  ( 68% )  reported higher insecurity due to lack of safe spaces and privacy than Libyan women do  ( 40% ) . This is also because of limited options for alternative accommodation as they flee the conflict. They usually end up sharing overcrowded shelters with both family and non relatives which limits their privacy and can lead to conflicts between families, general harassment and intimidation. Also, 45% of non Libyan women KIs reported that women are experiencing harassment in their community while 20% of Libyan women KIs reported women facing trauma due to exposure to violence. The general feeling of insecurity is prevalent especially amongst Libyan women KIs: 27% of them mentioned women face general insecurity.
The majority of female Libyan and non Libyan respondents are aware of the availability of primary health care services in their communities. However, this does not mean that access to these services is guaranteed. Only 18% of the non Libyan females are aware of psychological counselling services being available in their community. To add more, only half of them are aware of pre and post natal care services being offered. None of the Libyan and non Libyan female respondents have stated the existence of family planning services which is a critical service for their health and well being.
Bakeries and markets both reportedly functioned in all mahallas except for Al Maghar, where nearly all bakeries and the central market had been damaged by the conflict. However, bread was not always widely available to consumers due to a shortage of flour.
Besides restrictive movement, fear of kidnapping and harassment, women and girls are also facing sexual abuse and exploitation. According to assessment findings, more than half of the Libyan and non Libyan women KIs report women knowing about sexual violence in their community  ( 57% ) . The main perpetrators are the militants  ( 57% )  who are perceived to be targeting non Libyan women more than Libyan women. The most aware of militants' sexual abuse, however, are non Libyan females from Chad, Eritrea and Iraq. Military officials are also reportedly gravely abusing women and girls  ( 23% ) . However, Libyan women are equally exposed to sexual abuse by militants as well as other civilians  ( 42% of female KIs reported ) .
The most common strategies that members of the communities have used to meet their basic needs during the emergency situation have been: to borrow money  ( for 30 of the key informants ) , spend savings  ( according to 29 respondents ) , to reduced expenses on health food and education  ( according to 27 respondents ) , and to depended on family support/host family support  ( 25 respondents ) .
100% of KIs indicated that IDPs from East Libya facing movement restriction due to presence of checkpoints, risk of arrest and lack of civil documentation. However, all KIs did also indicate that IDPs feel safe where they are now. The main protection concern for IDPs from east Libya was forced, denied on restriction of movement, with the security situation reportedly getting worse for all IDPs from the east  ( according to 100% of respondents ) . One of the most concerning findings was that 66% of KIs from the east reported knowing about evictions within their community by landlord and other reasons. Finally, the highest priority need reported by IDP KIs from the east was cash.
Both IDPs groups from eastern Libya feel very unsafe and they will targeted by the LNA forces, meanwhile several reports indicated that IDPs members form both communities are become a target by different military groups in GNA control areas, on the account of suspected affiliations with military groups or rivalry political potions. As a result, freedom of movement is restricted in Tripoli and other location in Western area. Many of the IDP families originated from East Libya hide their identity out of fear of prosecution from militias and host communities.
As the safety situation has been deteriorated, it is reported that Tawerghan IDPs developed different coping mechanism strategies to be able to meet their basic needs in this emergency situation. According to Tawerghan key informants, members of their community either took additional jobs to meet their basic needs or started to spend their savings. Their current gaps, and highest priority need  ( according to the assessment )  is food, followed by access to drinking water and health care services. It is also reported by Tawerghan key informants that the reason why they cannot access to needed services is either lack of service provision or safety risks associated with access to/presence at facilities.
Seven out of nine interviewed persons indicated that they aware of the family separation for the newly displaced during the ongoing conflict due to arrest, kidnapping, moving to safer area, and due to joining the army. Freedom of movement is also reported as a concern as reported, as 44% of KIs report communities have some restriction and or full restriction of movement  ( 33% ) . The main reasons reported for restriction of movement were due to the risks posed by the ongoing conflict, risk of robbery/ theft and risk of kidnapping.
Migrants and refugees are held in undignified and inhumane conditions. They have no access to adequate and specialized medical care, including sexual and reproductive health care, insufficient and nutritious food and drinking water, have inadequate access to washing and sanitation facilities, and no access to basic necessities including clean bedding, clothing and items of personal hygiene.
Many of individuals in vulnerable situations have been detained in these centres, including children, in particular those are unaccompanied or separated families; pregnant and nursing women; survivors of trafficking, torture and rape; person with particular physical or mental needs; and person living with disabilities.
So far in 2019, UNHCR has helped 1,166 refugees to find durable solutions out of Libya, including 291 individuals under resettlement programme and 875 through evacuations to Niger  ( 580 individuals )  and Italy  ( 295 individuals ) . Since November 2017, UNHCR evacuated 3,856 refugees and asylum seekers out of Libya.
On 30 May, UNHCR evacuated 149 refugees from the Gathering and Departure Facility  ( GDF )  in Tripoli to Rome, Italy. The evacuation took place from the airport in Misrata  ( 210 km east of Tripoli )  as the security situation in Tripoli remains volatile. All refugees had previously been detained in Libyan detention centres and transferred by UNHCR to the GDF
Currently, 3,145 migrants remain in detention centers in Tripoli and nearby areas and are also considered to be at high risk of being affected by the conflict. Furthermore, there is a significant population of urban migrants also present in the affected areas.
Access to food, gas cylinders for cooking, electricity, cash liquidity and health services are also reported to be restricted. Parties to the conflict have pulled some of their forces from the south to join the frontlines in around Tripoli, reportedly leading to increased lawlessness and security incidents, especially along the Jufra trade route, also contributing to the shortages in supplies of essential items.
Many IDPs have also moved to areas along the coastal line of Western Libya and the Nafusa mountains, while approximately 2,700 IDPs are hosted in collective shelters established by local authorities and first responders. 29 collective shelters have been set up to date, the majority of which are in schools with some others in hotels, resorts and university dorms. An increasing number of IDPs are being identified in areas further away from Tripoli, a trend which is likely to increase the radius in need of humanitarian assistance.
Refugees and migrants: On the overnight of 7 8 May, airstrikes against a GNA compound in Tajoura caused damages and injured two persons within the Tajoura detention centre  ( DC )  located in close proximity, in which some 564 refugees and migrants were detained at the time. In a statement on 8 May, UNHCR called for all refugees and migrants in DCs in conflict areas to be immediately evacuated to safety. On 9 May, UNHCR transferred 228 individuals from Azzawya  ( 116 Individuals ) , Tajoura  ( 68 individuals )  and Al Sabah  ( 44 individuals )  DCs to the UNHCR's Gathering and Departure Facility  ( GDF )  in Tripoli. This leaves approximately 3,300 refugees and migrants trapped in DCs in areas exposed to or at risk of armed conflict and where access to food, water and healthcare are severely restricted due to the conflict
"The conditions in detention centers have shown a noticeable deterioration since the start of the conflict," said Sam Turner, MSF head of mission for Libya. "There are currently 500 people in one detention center who have no water whatsoever. We have received increasingly distressing reports of people in detention centers who are in such a state of despair that they have considered taking their own lives, or they have done so.
Many have experienced deeply traumatic episodes of torture while being held by human traffickers," said Sandra Miller, who worked as the MSF nurse activity manager in Tripoli for the past six months. "Others have seen their loved ones drown before their eyes while trying to flee across the Mediterranean Sea, only to be intercepted and returned back to Libya."
Since the conflict in Libya escalated in early April, 11 additional ambulances have been impacted or suffered collateral damage. In April, 3 health workers were killed in Tripoli, and numerous first line responders have struggled to reach the wounded without being injured themselves. As the conflict continues into its second month, more than 400 people have died and over 2000 have been wounded.
Approximately 70,000 people have been forced to flee their homes because of the fighting. A volunteer at a makeshift shelter housing displaced people in a school in Fornaj, southeast of Tripoli, said some of the displaced had seen the homes they rebuilt following the 2011 conflict destroyed once again. The humanitarian situation has also deteriorated with frequent power cuts being reported, and a shortage of hospital medical supplies.
Since the advance on Tripoli by General Khalifa Haftar's forces began on 4 April, more than 454 people have been killed and 2,154 injured, according to the World Health Organization. The UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs has confirmed 111 civilian casualties, including at least 23 civilian deaths with fears that the civilian death toll will continue to climb. Medical workers are amongst the dead and injured.
In addition, Amnesty International verified and geo located videos and photos published on social media showing damage to civilian homes and other civilian objects such as a mosque, ambulances and school facilities.
The 14th of May 2019 marks 40 days since the onset of hostilities in South Tripoli which triggered large scale displacement from different areas of South Tripoli. Since DTM's last update on the 10th of May, an additional 1,180 displaced families  ( approximately 5,900 individuals )  were identified, bringing the total of internally displaced persons to at least 13,925 families  ( approximately 69,625 individuals )  who have been displaced from their homes since the start of armed conflict.
The steady deterioration of health services and health infrastructure during 2018 is evidenced by the disrupted access to and investment in health facilities, as well as the increase in communicable and non communicable diseases. In 2019, an estimated 17.5 percent of hospitals, 20 percent of primary health care facilities and 18 specialized hospitals are partially damaged or completely destroyed throughout the country. 6,000 children aged 6 59 months  ( 6.5 percent of the population )  are classified as acutely malnourished and 18,000 children  ( 21 percent of the population )  are suffering from chronic malnutrition.
Health Sector partners on 1 May were able to locate 15 international nurses from the Philippines who were working in Ali Omar Askar hospital in Espeaa which was evacuated on 28 April, due to fighting. The nurses were left in the hospital following its evacuation and were picked up by an ambulance associated with one of the armed groups on 30 April. Yesterday, 1 May, Health Sector partners located the international nurses and their families, who were safely transferred to Tarhouna hospital.
Conflict affected individuals – including IDPs, refugees and migrants, and civilians trapped in conflict areas – have had their access to health care services severely disrupted. Injured civilians and persons with specific medical needs are in urgent need of medical assistance.
Basic services continue to be disrupted by the conflict  water cuts are reported frequently and there is a breakdown of the waste management system which could lead to waterborne disease outbreaks. Tripoli's healthcare system has also been heavily disrupted by the ongoing clashes and many health facilities are understaffed and overwhelmed. Attacks on health services, staff members and ambulances  including the attack on field ambulances in Twaisha on 08 May  have also been reported.3 A scabies outbreak has been reported in collective centres in Tripoli, affecting displaced and conflict affected children and their families
UNHCR, the UN Refugee Agency is calling for refugees and migrants in detention centres in conflict areas in Tripoli to be immediately evacuated to safety, after an airstrike hit a target less than 100 metres away from Tajoura detention centre, where over 500 refugees and migrants are being detained.
Since the onset of the conflict in Tripoli last 4 April, UNHCR has relocated over 1,200 persons from high risk locations to safer areas. However, some 3,460 refugees and migrants remain in detention centres near to conflict affected areas.
Since the onset of the conflict on 04 April, disruption of basic services have been reported throughout Tripoli and western Libya and there is a breakdown of the waste management system. Tripoli's healthcare system has been heavily disrupted by the ongoing clashes and many health facilities are understaffed and overwhelmed.
The academic school year remains suspended in conflict affected areas, impacting some 122,088 children in nine municipalities near Tripoli.4 Many schools in other parts of Tripoli have been closed because teachers are not able to report to work or parents are reluctant to send their children to school, fearing their safety.
Increased levels of psychosocial stress have been reported by child protection partners working in collective centres. Parents in urban settings are requesting additional psychosocial sessions in addition to increased information/awareness sessions on how to support children in conflict.
In most mahallas, the public water network functioned as residents' primary source of drinking water. Yet KIs reported that in practice, many residents only had access to water from the public network 1 3 days per week.
As a result of the ongoing conflict, most schools in conflict affected baladiyas were reportedly closed. Several schools were damaged by shelling, and one was reportedly hit by an airstrike. All KIs reported that the security situation on the roads was too dangerous to consider sending children to school.
All assessed baladiyas except Wadi Rabia were reported to have at least one still functional marketplace. However, access to these few functioning marketplaces was reportedly impeded by heavy fighting.
In many regions such as Aljufra, Alkufra and Ghat only a small number of migrant children have access to education in nearly all communities hosting migrants. Also, in 89% of the communities of Nalut, 71% and 62% of the communities of Aljfara and Al Jabal Al Gharbi respectively migrants do not have access to education