nlp-thedeep/humsetbias huggingface dataset:
Les régions du Nord Ouest et du Sud Ouest enregistrent actuellement 679 393 personnes déplacées, 263 000 retournés  ( 204 000 anciens déplacés et 59 000 anciens réfugiés du Nigeria )  selon OCHA  ( août 2020 ) .
Par rapport à d'autres années de conflit  ( 2016/2017 ) , les prix du maïs à Bamenda depuis 2018 se sont rapprochés des moyennes de cinq ans, probablement en raison d'une augmentation des approvisionnements supplémentaires en provenance de la région de l'Ouest. D'autre part, les prix du riz importé restent supérieurs de 30 pour cent ou plus à ceux des années précédant le conflit, dans les zones rurales comme urbaines, et n'ont pas été affectés par l'évolution du prix du maïs, un substitut important.
En raison des récents confinements et de l'intensification des combats qui ont empêché le flux des récentes récoltes des bassins de production vers les marchés urbains, les principaux marchés de Bamenda ont connu une forte hausse des prix entre septembre et août, le prix du maïs ayant augmenté de 18 pour cent.
Outre les restrictions des flux commerciaux entre les régions du Nord Ouest, Sud Ouest et d'autres parties du pays dues au conflit en cours, ainsi que la réduction des importations causée par la perturbation des chaînes d'approvisionnement mondiales due au COVID 19, l'approvisionnement en riz et en poisson importés continue d'être insuffisant.
Les ménages touchés dans les régions en conflit continuent d'avoir des revenus agricoles très faibles après des années consécutives de production et de commercialisation inférieures à la moyenne. Trois semaines de troubles, la fermeture des marchés et le blocage des routes à Kumbo, Ndop et Nkambe en juillet et août, et une autre en septembre 2020 ont considérablement perturbé l'accès des producteurs aux marchés urbains, obligeant les ménages pauvres à vendre leurs légumes et autres denrées périssables à des prix plus bas.
Au 30 août 2020, 5200 personnes déplacées et affectées ont reçu une aide en nature des organisations humanitaires pour le jardinage à domicile, y compris des subventions pour les petites entreprises et la production de volaille  ( Cluster Sécurité alimentaire pour le NWSW 23 septembre 2020 ) .
[ SITE DE GADO ]  3 992 personnes ont des besoins spéciaux, soit 14,88% de la population totale.
Cameroon is affected by four, concurrent, complex humanitarian situations: Boko Haram violence in the Far North region; growing humanitarian needs resulting from hostilities in the North West and South West regions with spillover effects in the West and Littoral regions; consequences of the influx of refugees from the Central African Republic into the eastern regions  ( Adamawa, North and East )  and the COVID 19 outbreak affecting the entire territory of Cameroon.
People living with HIV who were on Antiretroviral  ( ARV )  drugs can no longer access drugs when they take refuge in the bush, increasing the risk of infection.
children without birth certificates, including those who lost them while on the move, face significant difficulties in accessing education and even when they do, they are prevented from taking the primary school exam due to this lack of documentation.
access to basic social services by the affected population remains a critical concern in the two regions as fear of violence and lack of civil documentation limits movements  ( especially for men of fighting age ) . Disrespect for the sanctity of health care services and disruption of education services is equally worrisome.
Les récoltes de maïs ont baissé jusqu'à 54 pour cent par rapport à la campagne 2019 dans Lebialem, l'une des départements les plus touchées par le conflit dans la région du Sud Ouest.
Par rapport à une année sans conflit, les superficies totales cultivées en maïs et en riz ont connu une baisse d'environ 30 pour cent et 50 pour cent respectivement chaque année entre 2017 et 2020  ( rapports annuels du MINADER ) . Les récoltes de maïs de la campagne 2020 ont baissé de 47 pour cent dans le Sud Ouest et de 31 pour cent dans le Nord Ouest  ( MINADER 2020, RDARD NW et SW ) .
Malgré les récentes récoltes, les prix élevés des aliments de base résultant d'une demande accrue, les faibles revenus du bétail et de l'agriculture causés par un accès limité aux terres et aux intrants, l'insuffisance de l'aide humanitaire et la pandémie COVID 19 entraînent une consommation alimentaire et des moyens de subsistance négatifs et exposent les réfugiés centrafricains des régions de l'Est  (  Kadey et Lom et Djerem )  et de l'Adamawa  ( Mbere )  à une insécurité alimentaire de Stresse  ( Phase 2 de l'IPC ) .
Les réfugiés nigérians dans le camp de Minawao dans le département de Mayo Tsanaga sont également confrontés à une sécurité alimentaire de Stress  ( Phase 2 de l'IPC ) , grâce aux assistances humanitaires en cours.
Dans le Nord Ouest et Sud Ouest, quatre années consécutives de production inférieure à la moyenne exposent les ménages pauvres des régions du Nord Ouest et du Sud Ouest touchées par le conflit à des résultats de sécurité alimentaire médiocres plus tôt que prévu. Les récoltes récentes s'épuisent précocement, résultant a des prix au dessus de la moyenne, et bien que les ménages pauvres soient encore en situation de Stress  ( Phase 2 de l'IPC ) , ceux qui vivent dans des zones inaccessibles et non sécurisées comme Wabane dans le département du Lebialem  ( SW )  et Fungom dans le département du Menchum  ( NW )  sont déjà confrontés à des situations de sécurité alimentaire de Crise  ( Phase 3 de l'IPC ) .
En outre, le camp de Minawao, dans l'Extrême Nord, accueille environ 68 000 réfugiés fuyant l'insurrection de Boko Haram dans le nord est du Nigeria  ( HCR, septembre 2020 ) . Bien que ces réfugiés  ( 67 579 )  aient récemment reçu une ration alimentaire de deux mois du PAM, la réduction du financement humanitaire augmente les écarts de consommation alimentaire. De plus, la plupart des réfugiés arrivent affaiblis, sans aucun bien productif, et confrontés à une législation nationale défavorable en matière d'accès à la terre.
Les revenus tirés de la vente du bétail reste en dessous de la moyenne a cause des perturbations des flux commerciaux des principales régions productrices de bétail  ( Extrême Nord, Nord, Adamawa, Nord Ouest et Ouest )  vers Yaoundé, Douala et vers le Gabon et la Guinée Équatoriale en raison des fermetures de frontières dues au conflit et à la COVID 19, ce qui se traduit par des prix actuels stables ou légèrement inférieurs sur les principaux marchés d'exportation de bétail par rapport aux mois précédents. Le commerce transfrontalier de bétail avec le Nigeria, le Tchad et la République Centrafricaine a également connu une baisse par rapport aux années normales.
Le fonctionnement et l'accès aux marchés dans les zones touchées par l'insécurité et les conflits dans l'Extrême Nord, le Nord Ouest et le Sud Ouest continuent d'être entravés, environ 30 pour cent des marchés de ces régions connaissant actuellement une réduction de plus de 50 pour cent de l'offre et du nombre de commerçants par rapport à la même période d'une année normale.
Populations affected by violence in the Far North and the North West and South West regions and the 272,000 Central African refugees in the eastern regions are particularly vulnerable to COVID19. In addition, they have limited capacity to socially distance due to overcrowding in often temporary shelters.
PCI/WASH • Evaluation de la PCI avec l'outil Score Card à l'HD de Mbouda et l'HD de Bagangté  ( Score: l'HD Mbouda = 52,77% et HD Bagangté= 58,33% ) . • Supervision et troisième évaluation HR Ebolowa: performance de 90%, contre 52% et 88% à la première et deuxième évaluations respectivement • Supervision et troisième évaluation HR Sangmelima: performance de 98%, contre 64% et 75% à la première et deuxième évaluations respectivement • Supervision des activités PCI dans les DS de Bangangté, Foumban, Mifi et Baham dans la Région de l'Ouest
[ CAMP DE MINAWAO ]  Le nombre total de nouvelles personnes  ( 5,224 )  en 2020 ajouté à la croissance naturelle de l'année a porté la population totale du camp au 30 Juin 2020 à plus de 67,502 réfugiés nigérians. Cette population comprend 62% de mineurs  ( moins de 18 ans )  et 54% de femmes/filles..
Les prix des aliments de base sur les principaux marchés de Meiganga, Banyo, Batouri et Bombe sont restés élevés en raison de l'augmentation de la demande, et malgré une augmentation de la production de maïs estimée à 21,9 pour cent entre 2019 et 2020  ( CFSAM MINADER, juillet 2020 )  dans la région de l'Est, les prix actuels sont toujours plus élevés que la normale.
[ SITE DE GADO ]  PRINCIPAUX DEFIS   Abris: Améliorer le taux de couverture en abris décents dans les sites aménagés et Renforcer la durabilité des abris, Faible niveau d'autonomisation des réfugiés pour participer efficacement à la stratégie d'auto construction des abris ; Absence d'assistance en abris aux réfugiés en hors site. Mauvaise occupation de l'espace aménagé et forte promiscuité.
Des centres d'isolement et de traitement ont été mis en place à l'hôpital central de Yaoundé, à l'hôpital Laquintinie de Douala, à l'hôpital régional de Garoua et à l'hôpital du district de Kribi pour les personnes qui répondent à la définition de cas de la COVID 19.
[ Site de BORGOB ]  Au 30 Septembre 2020, la population du site s'élève à 12 291 réfugiés centrafricains. 58,72% de la population a moins de 18 ans et les femmes/filles représentent 52,66%. Les besoins prioritaires de Borgop sont l'accès à l'état civil  ( acte de naissance ) , le renforcement des infrastructures scolaires pour le primaire et le suivi des élèves au secondaire, la réponse pour les adolescents  ( 14 17 ans )  non scolarisés, et la promotion des programmes d'autonomisation des réfugiés.
Dans le Nord, de multiples périodes de sécheresse au début du mois de juin ont obligé les agriculteurs à replanter plusieurs fois. Cependant, les pluies favorables de fin juin et de juillet ont permis une reprise normale des semis de céréales, ce qui laisse présager une récolte moyenne qui se poursuit depuis octobre. Toutefois, bien que la production régionale prévue soit globalement moyenne, 5 départements sur 6 verront probablement leurs récoltes baisser en raison des inondations de septembre et octobre qui ont détruit 17 656 ha de cultures et touché plus de 158 000 personnes.
La production agricole de la saison de culture 2020 pour la partie sud du Cameroun a été estimée moyenne, les pluies étant bien réparties tout au long de la saison favorisant la croissance et le développement des cultures. Toutefois, la production était en dessous de la moyenne pour la quatrième année consécutive dans les régions du Nord Ouest et du Sud Ouest en raison du conflit en cours, la superficie totale cultivée ayant diminué d'environ 40 pour cent par rapport aux années sans conflit.
Selon des informateurs clés et conformément à une étude réalisée par le HCR en septembre 2020, 85 pour cent des ménages de réfugiés dans les régions de l'Est et de l'Adamawa déclarent être confrontés à une détérioration de leur consommation alimentaire en raison de la pandémie COVID 19. Environ 60 pour cent d'entre eux connaissent une baisse de leurs revenus quotidiens car la fermeture des frontières entrave l'accès à la nourriture et aux revenus en interrompant les flux internes vers les régions du Nord et du Sud et le commerce transfrontalier, principalement vers Nguembou et Dorofi au Nigeria.
Les tendances actuelles des prix sur les principaux marchés de l'Extrême Nord se stabilisent ou sont en baisse. Depuis juillet 2020, les prix des denrées alimentaires ont augmenté au delà des niveaux habituels, le sorgho et le maïs se vendant respectivement 46 60 pour cent et 30 47 pour cent plus cher qu'en juillet 2019. Bien que les prix actuels soient encore audessus de la moyenne, le sorgho et l'arachide enregistrent des baisses de 17 pour cent et 18 pour cent par rapport aux trois derniers mois.
Since June 2018, the significant strengthening of ISWAP's military capacities and the group's strategy based on indoctrination of populations and economic control of large areas in the Lake Chad region are new threats to regional stability, including in the Far North of Cameroon.
Dans les régions du Nord Ouest et du Sud Ouest, où la production agricole a été inférieure à la moyenne pendant quatre années consécutives en raison des conflits sociopolitiques en cours, les récoltes de cette année s'épuisent plus tôt que la normale. En raison des récoltes inférieures à la moyenne en juillet 2020, les ménages pauvres des régions les plus touchées par le conflit connaissent déjà un épuisement quasi total des stocks, ce qui les place dans une situation de sécurité alimentaire de Crise  ( Phase 3 de l'IPC )  plus rapidement que d'habitude. Les revenus agricoles restent inférieurs à la moyenne malgré les ventes de céréales et de cultures de rente  ( café et cacao ) .
Agropastoral conflicts between the Fulani and Gbayas groups are on the rise and sometimes oppose refugee populations against host communities.
While handwashing with soap is highly recommended  [ to prevent COVID ] , only 18% of the total population have a soap or disinfectant product in their premises with disparities among regions  ( 3% in the South, 10.8% in the South West and 42% in the Far North )  and between urban  ( 10% of households )  and rural areas  ( 26% of households ) .
The risk of cholera transmission remains very high due to poor access to drinking water, non existent sanitation as well as poor hygiene practices. With the risks of hemorrhagic fevers, it is important to strengthen epidemiological surveillance along the border in order to detect epidemics early and conduct a prompt and adequate response if needed. There is also an urgent need to strengthen emergency vaccination against measles and polio.
Emergency surgical care, mental health and psychosocial support, provision of sexual and reproductive health services including safe deliveries for vulnerable women, access to clinical management of rape and emergency vaccination for pregnant women and children are priority needs.
With the COVID 19 crisis, teachers must learn to work in a remote way, and children need to be given access to home schooling, which adds additional burden on the education system in these areas where structural challenges were already inherent, particularly in the Far North and in the East and Adamawa.
In the Lake Chad Basin crisis affected zones, approximately 1,885,319 children, including 1,527,912 primary school children  ( 580,066 in the North, including 256,698 girls, and 947,846 in the Far North, including 420,043 girls )  and 357,407 secondary school children  ( 138,979 in the North and 218,428 in the Far North ) , are now at home with their families without access to any learning opportunities.
It is estimated that a total of 2,2063,753 people are in need of GBV assistance in all regions of the country: 465,271 people in the Far North region, 375,087 people affected by the CAR refugee crisis and 915,425 people affected by the crisis in the North West and South West fall under the "physical and mental wellbeing" consequence.
In 2019, the Northern, Adamawa and Eastern Regions continued to host Central African refugees, with limited resources to meet their needs and a low level of integration of these refugees into their communities. As of September 2019, the number of refugees stood at 270,924  ( 141,260 women and 129,664 men ) , 55.47 per cent of whom were children  ( 74,698 girls and 75,847 boys ) . The total host population is estimated at 5,287,103 people  ( 2,676,945 women and 2,610,158 men ) , 47% of whom are children  ( 2,485,156 ) .
At the individual level, many boys and girls are separated from their parents and are cared for by other members of their community or left alone as child heads of household, especially in urban and peri urban areas, including neighbouring areas such as the Littoral, the West and even Adamawa
communication between adolescent girls/youth and adults is a serious and profound problem but not very noticeable due to the customs and habits of the region. The desires of adolescents and young people are not always understood by adults who impose their vision on them. Thus, adolescent girls in particular are largely excluded from family and community decision making and have little recourse to be heard. The accumulation of these frustrations can lead adolescents and young people to believe in rhetoric used by non state armed groups, which sometimes can lead to radicalization.
JULY 2019: Organization of a MultiSectorial Needs Assessment  ( MSNA )  in the North West and South West regions. Protection, health and access to shelter and NFI are identified as key priorities with more than 485,784 IDPs and an estimated 40,000 refugees.
OCTOBER 2017: First armed clashes and population displacement recorded in the North West, South West and towards Nigeria.
JANUARY 2019: More than 35,000 Nigerians cross the border to seek refuge in Goura, in Cameroon's Far North. They fled repeated Boko Haram attacks in and around the northeastern Nigerian town of Rann.
Central African refugees living in the East, Adamawa and North regions, face a situation of protracted displacement. Most refugees settled in host communities where social and community services have limited capacity to meet basic needs. The low return intentions expressed by the refugees confirm the trend towards local socio economic integration. As a structural aggravating factor, the East, Adamawa and the North have some of the highest poverty rates in the country.
Unlike in the Far North and the eastern regions, the need for resilience and recovery assistance increased for the people affected by the North West and South West crisis due to the impact of COVID 19. 2 million people needed recovery assistance prior to the COVID 19 outbreak, a number which rose to 2.6 million.
Although less severe, this  [ adapting negative coping strategies ]  remains true in the South West also with almost a quarter of IDP households reverting to emergency strategies to cope with food insecurity, compared to 16% of the host population.
In the North West and South West, IDPs and host communities living in urban or peri urban areas generally have a better ability to cope. However, negative coping mechanisms can be observed in rural/hard to reach areas and in urban/peri urban areas. Moreover, host communities share their limited resources with the displaced which is becoming a greater burden particularly on rural host communities.
Due to the impact of COVID 19, many of the people previously estimated to be in need of resilience and recovery assistance to be able to withstand further shock fell back into needing living standard assistance, wherefore 703,000 people are now in need of resilience and recovery assistance in comparison to 942,000 before the outbreak.
In the Eastern regions, 770,000 people suffer from problems related to their physical and mental wellbeing. Sexual exploitation, child marriage, rape and physical and emotional violence continue to be perpetrated against women and girls
The lack of health facilities promotes the spread of epidemics such as cholera, polio and measles which are recurrent , and of COVID 19, and particularly affect the weakest, children and the elderly.
The number of people with access to basic sanitation services also increased from 400 in April to 4,352 individuals, an increase of 90.8%. This is the highest number reached since January 2020. IRC and CARITAS constructed 8 and 100 emergency latrines, respectively, reaching 4,352 individuals in the SW Region. CRC in partnership with UNICEF installed 170 handwashing stations  ( Buea  80, Limbe  90 )  to intensify the fight against COVID 19. The total number of people reached was 8,500.
A total of 592,812 individuals were reached through WASH services including COVID 19 awareness raising activities, implemented by 10 WASH partners  ( IRC, IVSPD, Mitch Found, CHAMEG, Mission 21, NRC, SUDAHSER, AFRINET, CRC/UNICEF, CARITAS/UNICEF )  in the NWSW regions.
Over 50 persons benefitted from psychosocial support from clinical psychologists and trauma surgeons deployed by WHO performed over 30 surgical procedures in the NWSW.
UNICEF supported the Ministry of Health to conduct the second round of periodic intensification of routine immunization in 4 health districts in the NW  ( Bamenda, Fundong, Kumbo East and Ndop )  and 5 health districts in the SW  ( Buea, Limbe, Muyuka, Tiko, and Tombel ) . A total of 6,485 children received the Measles & Rubella  ( MR )  vaccine, 3,995 children were vaccinated against Polio, 3,352 children received Penta vaccines, 3,369 children received Pneumo vaccines, 718 children received BCG and 1,557 children were vaccinated against Yellow Fever. A total of 1,886 children were vaccinated against Rotavirus, some 2,069 pregnant women received Tetanus & Diphtheria vaccines and 401 pregnant women received intermittent treatment for malaria in pregnancy  ( IPT ) .
47% des ménages interrogés ayant un FCS « Acceptable » et 21% ayant un FCS « Pauvre », donc en insécurité alimentaire contre 32% qui sont à cette « Limite ». Cependant dans le Mayo Tsanaga, seulement 8% des ménages ont une alimentation acceptation, jusqu'à 58% ont une alimentation pauvre.
Cette baisse des revenus s'est accompagnée d'une augmentation des prix des aliments de base en raison des perturbations commerciales dues aux contrôles aux frontières et aux restrictions de mouvement imposées pour contenir la propagation de COVID 19. Tout ceci n'a pas été sans impact sur la sécurité alimentaires et les moyens d'existence des populations concernées
Economic activity has been heavily impacted by the crisis in the North West and South West. Displacement has meant a loss of resources for food self reliance. It primarily affects the access to land to cultivate, the loss of livestock and of the families' productive assets.
Food insecurity previously affecting 240,000 is now leading 392,000 people in need of live saving Food Security assistance, and Child Protection needs have more than doubled. A large increase can also be observed with regards to Health needs related to physical and mental wellbeing, affecting newly over half a million people in comparison to 190,000 before the disease outbreak.
an increase of food insecurity and malnutrition among the refugees and host community members is observed since the arrival of the refugees and the reduction of food rations. Statistics available reveal chronic malnutrition rates of 41% in the North and 37% in the East. Pregnant and lactating women, children and the elderly are most affected by malnutrition.
People with disabilities are more likely to be exposed to danger from attacks, including because of barriers to escaping and staying out of harm's way, and because of the degradation of the support systems which existed before the crisis.
Attacks on medical staff and infrastructure have become another characteristic of the crisis with more than 35% of the Government run health facilities not operational in the two regions, and the remaining only partially functional.
the number of people displaced to other regions of Cameroon increased almost three fold from 80,000 to 220,000 persons displaced to the Adamawa, Littoral, West, and Central regions.
The situation in the North West and South West regions which started as a political crisis has led to a complex humanitarian emergency with 3 million people in need. In comparison, in early 2019 1.3 million people were estimated to need humanitarian assistance, and 2.3 million people were estimated to need assistance in early 2020.
Meanwhile, some Government measures involving the restriction of movements is affecting emergency response in vulnerable communities such as in refugee camps, border crossings and conflict zones in the Far North and the North West and South West regions.
Humanitarian actors are not deliberately targeted. Security incidents are not likely to have a significant impact on humanitarian access. The public authorities have increased the level of security in the eastern region, thereby guaranteeing the movement of populations, even if caution is required. Most incidents take place at night, therefore outside of the period authorized for humanitarian activities.
The Adamawa, North and East regions are relatively secure, allowing them to welcome many refugees and internally displaced persons. However, there has been an increase in incidents including urban crime, kidnapping, roadblocks by bandits, and inter communal conflicts. Certain incidents such as kidnappings are mainly reported in the border area with CAR.
Access constraints identified in both regions include insecurity, physical access challenges and bureaucratic impediments. Lockdown days, with associated movement restrictions by UN agencies and NGOs, have caused substantial interruptions in humanitarian operations.
Authorities require humanitarian actors to obtain written authorizations from the Governor's office for the implementation of humanitarian activities, a process facilitated by the establishment of Government Humanitarian Coordination Centres  ( HCC )  in Buea and Bamenda in June 2019.
Dans le Logone et Chari, la CRF a assisté 625 ménages à hauteur de 15,625,000 Francs CFA soit 25,000 Francs CFA par ménage pour l'achat d'intrants pour les cultures pluviales et 150 ménages ont reçu chacun 5,000 Francs CFA pour l'achat de semences pour les jardins de cases, soit un total de 750,000 Francs CFA.
Entre janvier et juin 2020, le PAM a assuré la distribution de plus de 8,418 tonnes de nourriture pour 226,985 personnes soit 104,824 hommes et 107,347 femmes dans les 3 départements touchés par le conflit armé.
Ces déplacements sont caractérisés par leurs distances courtes, plus de 80% des PDIs trouvant refuge dans une localité sise dans leur arrondissement d'origine. Les PDIs s'installent soit sur des sites spontanés sous des abris de paille précaires, soit dans une parcelle familiale au sein de la communauté hôte, mais toujours à proximité d'une base militaire des Forces Camerounaises  ( exemples à Kourgui  Mora, Gance – Kolofata ou Mozogo Mayo Tsanaga ) .
According to protection monitoring carried out, 5,187 protection incidents were recorded between January and September 2019. Attacks on villages, burning of houses and killings have been recorded. House destruction alone accounted for 41% of the incidents recorded and homicides for 7.5%. Displacement caused by violence in the villages resulted in lost documentation for many people, which has an impact on their freedom of movement and exposes them to the risk of arbitrary arrest in this tense security environment. GBV incidents, affecting women and girls in particular, were reported, as well as situations of arbitrary detention and risks of recruitment into armed groups, mainly affecting men and boys. Young men, women and girls flee rural areas to urban centres in search of security and employment.
The divisions most affected by the presence of displaced persons in the two crisis hit regions are Mezam, Ngo Ketunjia, Bui, Boyo and Momo in the North West, and Meme, Fako and Ndian in the South West. Host communities, already strained by the conflict, are facing increased pressure to access services, resources and basic needs.
The number of internally displaced persons in the two crisis hit regions increased from 350,920 in December 2018 to 450,264 in August 2019, an increase of 28.3%. In addition to these figures, it is estimated that at least 123,309 people moved to the West region, 76,880 to the Littoral region and 5,301 to Adamawa, who, although located in stable and secure areas, face protection issues such as access to documentation, survival sex and risks of stigmatisation.
The needs of the population in terms of access to identity and civil status documents are also to be noted: while progress has been made with the finalisation of biometric registration of out of camp refugees in Logone et Chari, Mayo Sava and Mayo Tsanaga in 2019, the lack of documentation among internally displaced persons and refugees and inadequate recognition of refugee identity documents expose them to the risk of statelessness, denial of access to basic services and arbitrary arrest and detention.
There is a continuing need to strengthen monitoring and referral mechanisms and holistic care for survivors. Gender based violence, such as intimate partner violence, rape, child marriage and sexual exploitation, is perpetrated overwhelmingly against women, and adolescent girls. Children are highly affected by conflict, exposed to violence, abuse and exploitation, family separation issues and have significant psychosocial needs.
In total, from January to September 2019, the protection monitoring network recorded 4,949 protection incidents against civilians in the Far North, including killings, kidnappings and armed incursions of Boko Haram as well as physical violence, extortion, arbitrary arrests and threats against persons and property perpetrated by a series of alleged perpetrators.
The pressure on diminishing natural resources in the eastern regions and the Far North is leading to the destruction of the environment and potentially an increase in intercommunal conflict.
SEPTEMBER 2019: Multi sectorial assessment mission to the Littoral and Western regions. Protection, education, food, access to income generating activities, and access to shelters and NFI identified as key priorities. 200,000 people are estimated to be displaced  this figure is three times higher than in September 2018. As a result of the "No School Policy" introduced by non state armed groups, 850,000 children are out of school.
In November 2019, 90% of public primary schools and 77% of public secondary schools remained closed or ceased to operate.
In the eastern and northern regions, Cameroon hosts 272,000 refugees from the Central African Republic  ( CAR ) , 51.5% of whom are girls and women.
The largest numbers of IDPs are registered in the divisions of Meme  ( SO ) , Mezam  ( NO ) , Ngo Ketunjia  ( NO )  and Fako  ( SO ) . 52% of the displaced are women. According to the latest Multi Sectorial Needs Assessment  ( MSNA )  of August 2019, 44.5% of IDPs are children  ( 96,472 girls and 95,031 boys ) . It is also estimated that 200,000 have fled to the neighboring regions of Littoral and the West.
In the North West and South West, the socio political crisis, now entering its fourth year, has led to massive population displacements, increasing the vulnerabilities of people who have often left their villages to live in the bush since the beginning of the crisis.
La baisse des ventes de certaines entreprises a fait mettre au chômage technique de nombreux employés, et donc ces derniers se retrouvant sans emploi et sans revenu
L'incitation des populations à rester chez elles a fait baisser la clientèle chez de nombreux commerçants : certains commerçants ont vu leur chiffre d'affaire chuter drastiquement, et donc la baisse de leur revenu ainsi que ceux de leurs employés ; les commerçants embauchant de nombreuses personnes tels que les revendeurs, les démarcheurs, les manutentionnaires, et d'autres ont dû vider leurs économies pour satisfaire aux besoins de leurs ménages
Pour les ménages ayant fait du stockage, les ressources stockées sont principalement les aliments  ( 62% ) , les médicaments  ( 27% )  et l'argent  ( 23% )
In the SW, NRC distributed 200 NFI kits in the Limbe III subdivision  ( Fako division )  reaching 939 individuals  ( 454 females, 485 males ) . UNHCR through its partner Plan International assisted 4,557 households in Meme and Fako divisions, mostly reaching families in dire need of assistance in hard to reach localities such as Kwakwa, Nakeh, Bole, Ngongoh, Mabonji. 1,595 households received core relief items while 2,088 were assisted with emergency shelter. 874 households were assisted with shelter material as their houses had been partly damaged as a result of the crisis. 48 households were also reached with light shelter kits in the locality of Ejupindi  ( Konye subdivision )  as IOM and partner SHUMAS carried out distributions in the area.
67.9% des ménages s'approvisionnent en eau dans des forages et 22.6% dans des puits ouverts. Seuls 123 points d'eau communaux sont fonctionnels dans l'ensemble de la région. Dans les départements du Mayo Tsanaga et Mayo Sava, l'utilisation des points d'eau est faible  ( 50% et 58% )  comparée aux autres départements de la région.
Selon l'UNICEF  ( HNO 2020 )  au moins 18,183 élèves de la région de l'Extrême Nord sont en décrochage scolaire à cause de la fermeture et ou la destruction des écoles du fait du conflit armé. NRC et Plan International ont lancé un projet pilote de réponse à l'éducation des enfants en décrochage scolaire lié au conflit armé dans le Logone et Chari et Mayo Sava grâce à un financement d'ECHO.
Pour 82,2% des ménages interrogés, le Covid 19 a affecté la capacité de leur ménage à générer des revenus et les principales causes sont la diminution des opportunités d'emploi, le retard dans les activités agricoles et la baisse des ventes.
Cette crise sanitaire a lourdement affecté la capacité des ménages à satisfaire leurs besoins essentiels, notamment seuls 9% des ménages indiquent être en mesure de satisfaire leurs besoins alimentaires et pour 80,4% des ménages interrogés, le Covid 19 a affecté leur capacité à répondre à leurs besoins fondamentaux
A total of 363 persons suspected of COVID 19 have been tested and 35 confirmed positive.
[ CAMP DE MINAWAO ]  15 279 personnes ont au moins un besoin spécifique, soit 23% de la population totale.
Early recovery needs have increased in 2019 due to a number of aggravating factors: The upsurge in violence by non state actors, human rights violations, especially in the North West and South West regions, Boko Haram attacks in the Far North  ( 98 attacks were recorded between 1 September and 28 November )  and the consecutive increase of displacement have resulted in considerable loss of sustainable livelihoods for the population who was previously in a process of building their resilience.
More than 800 former members of Boko Haram recently interviewed express a considerable need for psychosocial care, socio professional capacity building and support for economic recovery. Affected households as well as people displaced by the Boko Haram attacks are also in need of assistance in restoring their purchasing power to opt for goods and services.
As with primary schools, Mbonge and Muyuka sub divisions are affected the most. In Mbonge, in particular, only 2 percent of the KIs report that their community currently has a health clinic, as opposed to 64 percent before the crisis  [ NWSW conflict ] . The impact of the crisis on the Mbonge sub division's health clinics can also be explained by the fact that is one of the sub divisions in the SW region most affected by the crisis, leading to lower accessibility and higher insecurity. Hospitals have also been used as military bases by parties to the conflict.
The young mothers added low self esteem as a challenge affecting adolescent girls in the NWSW.
poverty was reported to have been exacerbated by the crisis
They added that campaigning against forced and early marriage must be a priority.
Ce 5 octobre, pour la rentrée scolaire, 24 nouvelles salles vont permettre de réduire ce nombre à 50 élèves par classe.
Girls are the most vulnerable to sexual exploitation to meet their food needs.
Au 7 mai, le Cameroun avait confirmé 2 267 cas et 108 décès  [ dû au COVID ]
Plus de 290 000 personnes sont des déplacés internes en raison du conflit et sont confrontées à des risques importants en termes de protection.
Le ralentissement des activités économiques observé à cause de la COVID 19 a favorisé la recrudescence des viols et mariages précoces et forcés.
The oxygen concentrators donated by WHO to the NWSW regions to support case management of COVID 19 are being distributed to the health districts to support the decentralization of the response to COVID 19 to health districts.
The slowdown in trade of non essential goods is also disrupting local supply chains, forcing farmers to sell their produce locally for lower prices.
Humanitarian needs are compounded by structural development deficits and chronic vulnerabilities that further challenge the long term recovery of affected people.
La dégradation de la situation sécuritaire depuis le mois de septembre conduit à de nouveaux déplacements de populations dans le département du Mayo Sava.
La poursuite de la transmission exerce une pression massive sur un système de santé déjà submergé par le manque de capacité et les flambées de maladies en cours.
Conversely, the prices of livestock for local consumption are higher than in previous months, since this is the time of year when working animals are purchased. Preparations for Eid al Adha are already influencing demand for rams, which are selling for up to 14 percent more than last month at markets in Maroua, Yagoua and Moulvoudaye.
La part du budget global accordée au secteur de l'éducation et de la formation est de 14,6% en 2018 contre 16,1% en 2013.
les régions orientales du Cameroun abritent toujours plus de 270 000 réfugiés vulnérables provenant de la République centrafricaine.
La majorité des étudiants dans l'enseignement supérieur  ( 81% )  est orientée vers les filières associées aux lettres, sciences humaines et sciences sociales.
Provision of rapid income generating activities and start up capital for survivors in the South West
STATUS OF PoE  [ Points of Entry ]  AND CROSSBORDER MOBILITY : 3 open 29 partially open 33 closed
The 4,348 women and girls supported so far do not even constitute half of the number of women and girls affected as a result of the conflict
La pandémie COVID 19, s'est progressivement mué d'une crise sanitaire pour devenir un choc économique avec des impacts sur le marché de l'emploi.
At country level, 1,545 people out of 6,826 passengers from sea, air and land transport means were screened with rapid diagnostic tests at POE by health sector partners between 14 to 21 October 2020, with zero positive cases.
All health districts in the NWSW regions have started testing for COVID 19. 28 out of the 37 health districts in the NWSW have confirmed at least one case of COVID 19.
Pour les femmes, les mesures de confinement et de quarantaine augmentent les tensions au sein des ménages et, par voie de conséquence, les risques de violences domestiques qu'elles subissent, parfois prises au piège avec un partenaire violent  ( UNFPA, Mars 2020 ) .
The girls also complained about lack of functional health facilities to provide family planning services and related SRHR services and also sheer lack of knowledge of SRHR
They also called for a stop to the crisis, encouraging handwashing and wearing face masks and provide sanitizers and masks which measures also were targeted more on the COVID 19 pandemic
In 2012 UNICEF estimated the Cameroonian adolescent population ages 10 19 at 23.2%  ( 5,045,000 )  of its total population of 21,699,600.
La crise actuelle risque d'approfondir l'inégalité d'accès à la culture et de limiter la diversité des expressions culturelles, tant en milieu urbain que rural.
Strengthen linkages between the nutritional program and the maternal and neonatal health care so that no pregnant adolescent or mother is left behind.
Mass screening campaigns are ongoing in the health districts for early detection, isolation, and treatment of cases to break the chain of transmission.
Consider implementing advanced nutritional interventions that tackle especially under five children for these young mothers who need to continue with their education.
The NW region has been more affected with over 10,200 displaced people. These movements are often temporary and the displaced return to their homes once the security situation allows.
A total of 5,115 persons were sensitized on key messages on infant and young child feeding practices.
On average, every Cameroonian woman gives birth to 5.1 children
In the country, 43.2% of women in union are confronted with domestic violence
78 000 enfants de moins de 5 ans MAS ont été admis en 2018 3 admissions sur 5 se trouvent dans la région de l'Extrême Nord
Selon l'indice de vulnérabilité REVA, prenant en compte des indicateurs d'insécurité alimentaire et de pauvreté, près de 87% des réfugiés centrafricains sont encore très vulnérables
Le nombre de réfugiés centrafricains dans ces régions a augmenté de 217 000 en 2017 à 245 000 en 2018.
La prévalence du VIH/sida a diminué de moitié en 14 ans, passant de 5,5 % en 2004 à 2,7 % en 2018.
Les attaques de Boko Haram dans le nord est du Nigéria et dans la région de l'Extrême Nord au Cameroun
Au Cameroun, le Groupe de Travail Cash a collaboré avec tous les secteurs afin de définir le Panier de Dépense Minimum pour la région de l'Extrême Nord fin 2017.
[ SITE DE LOLO ]  3,212 personnes ont des besoins spéciaux, soit 26,16% de la population totale.
In July, a temporary suspension of humanitarian assistance for ten days was called for as a result of increased threats to UN humanitarian personnel and property from some NSAGs.
UNICEF continued to support the NW to conduct the third round of routine immunization through Periodic Intensification of Routine Immunization  ( PIRI )  activity in four Health Districts  ( Bamenda, Fundong, Kumbo East and Ndop )  from 24   26 July 2020. Special measures were taken to limit the spread of COVID 19.
Measures with regards to COVID 19  ( including programmatic adaptations )  were undertaken by partners in order to mitigate the spread of the disease. They include the provision of a two month ration of specialized nutritious food to target beneficiaries to limit movement, no crowding during interventions, provision of PPEs and hand sanitizers to community health workers involved in screening, provision of additional MUAC tapes to be used by caregivers and community members to screen children and prepositioning of three months therapeutic nutrition commodities at the regional headquarters.
OCHA continued to ensure humanitarian coordination in the NWSW. OCHA developed a FAQ  ( frequently asked questions )  to guide sensitization of communities and aid actors on the distinction between the humanitarian mandate followed by humanitarian organizations according to humanitarian principles and recovery activities which are carried out under a development mandate by UNDP. A Risk Mitigation Working Group has been put in place to identify risks associated to the UNDP Recovery Programme and propose mitigating measures.
OCHA continued to provide leadership in the response in the NWSW through regular inter cluster coordination meetings, Humanitarian Coordination Forum  ( HCF )  meetings, Access Working Group meetings and Information Management Working Group meetings. HCF meetings were also held in Bafoussam and Douala in the West and Littoral Regions respectively.
A total of 2,375 infants under 11 months of age received a catch up vaccine against vaccine preventable diseases.
MSF is assisting in transporting the samples  [ Laboratory COVID19 ]  from Mamfe and Kumba to Buea.
The Councils have set up Hand wash points at different locations of their municipalities
Heavy rains fell, especially in Logone et Chari and Mayo Danay divisions damaging and destroying houses, cultivated areas, roads and bridges and further reducing access to services
The pandemic and the conflict forced an estimated 1 million children out of school in the NWSW regions in 2020, and directly impacted more than 575,000 school aged children.
Integrate SRHR into parenting classes for caregivers to strengthen parental roles in supporting their adolescent girls and boys to affirm their SRHR.
According to the latest humanitarian report provided by OCHA on Cameroon, 4,300,000 people are identified as in need of humanitarian assistance of which 2,300,000 are children under 18 years old
Schools have been closed for seven months due to the COVID 19 pandemic.
Target adolescent girls and young mothers for shelter and NFI provision.
Prices for most staple foods increase at the start of the lean season, as market stocks decline.
Presently there are over 150,000 children displaced by the violence and children are particularly vulnerable.
Environ 25% des répondants ont indiqués que certaines personnes de leur communauté pensent que le coronavirus est une maladie qui touche uniquement les blancs ou uniquement les riches.
WASH facilities with water and safe for adolescents, remain very key for adolescent girls to continue school attendance during their menstrual period and this remains a challenge in most areas including at home and at school.
The construction of a solar powered water supply network in Colomine municipality hosting refugee is ongoing with 95% of work completed.
As the conflict continues, education continues to be at the centre of the conflict with most schools closed for the last two and a half years.
Some 65% of children in the North West Region are unvaccinated and 47% in the South West.
La restriction des mouvements de population par le gouvernement et la peur générée par la crise sanitaire ont donc probablement contraint les ménages déplacés dépendants du secteur agricole à réduire considérablement leur activité.
Parties to the conflict have largely ignored calls for a ceasefire and violence is ongoing, leading to continued displacement.
WHO through its implementing partners Reach Out, CARITAS and DEMTOU humanitarian through mobile clinics consulted 8,505 persons in the NWSW. 4% of the patients reached were persons living with disabilities. The mobile clinics placed 29 IDPs on ARVs and assisted in conducting 30 deliveries. These mobile clinics are only funded by a CERF 2020 Rapid Response grant until September 2020 and require more funding to continue life saving services.
The security context during the month of April deteriorated impacting the protective environment for the affected population in the NWSW regions, resulting in increased human rights violations, internal displacement and worsening living conditions of civilians hiding in the bushes.
According to a 2020 Education Cluster Report, from the 450,268 displaced population, an estimated 270,161 are school aged children in the NWSW, as of Aug 2019.
Le 30 juillet, le CICR a distribué des kits de biens de premières nécessité  ( vêtements, moustiquaire, ustensiles cuisine, couverture, bidon, seau... )  à 339 ménages  ( 2 034 personnes )  déplacées par le conflit à Tilde dans le Logone et Chari.
Au Cameroun est signataire de la Convention de 1951 sur les réfugiés sans aucune restriction légale, y compris en matière de législation du travail et de sécurité sociale  ( article 24 ) .
Ils atteignent un record en 2018 avec les interventions d'un nombre croissant d'acteurs humanitaires, l'augmentation des fonds accordés aux programmes Cash multisectoriel et la mise à l'échelle du programme de filet sociaux, notamment dans les zones accueillant des réfugiés dans le cadre de la fenêtre IDA18.
Civilians continue to be caught in crossfire and others are targeted for allegedly aligning with one side or the other. An increase in mass arrest of civilians in Buea and Muyuka subdivisions in the South West was observed, with some people released allegedly only after payment of money.
While farming is still taking place, disruptions have been reported due to the fighting between armed groups and related displacement, that has made access to food difficult for many, and led to increasing food prices
The lack of progress towards political solutions, and continued violence are likely to result in further displacement and increase of humanitarian needs.
Stealing has become the only way of earning some money for some boys.
Meetings with directors of the Regional Hospitals to discuss needs, difficulties and possible areas of collaboration.
Particularly in the longer term, there are opportunities to work towards more gender  transformative approaches, and throughout to maximize interventions to work on norms and practices related to sexuality and gender.
Cas de Paralysie flasque <15 ans investigués : 284
A noter que la perte de revenus du travail va se traduire par une plus faible consommation de biens et de services, ce qui est préjudiciable à la pérennité des entreprises et à la résilience des économies.
Throughout the response, it is important to ensure gender responsive approaches to SRHR, and conversely, SRHR is part of addressing the situation of girls and women and working toward gender equality.