nlp-thedeep/humsetbias huggingface dataset:
[ 13th July 2021, Nigeria ]  Most households are currently market dependent; however, effective demand is low as household income is limited, market functioning is low, and poor macroeconomic conditions are driving extremely high food prices. While the agricultural season has started, conflict, crop growing restrictions, and poor access to inputs are driving both low engagement in agricultural labor and planting. In the coming months, while the harvest in October will likely mitigate some food consumption deficits, it is only anticipated to mitigate deficits for a short period. This ground information and available data on outcomes suggest Emergency  ( IPC Phase 4 )  outcomes are likely, with some households likely in Catastrophe  ( IPC Phase 5 ) , and these severe outcomes are likely to persist through at least January 2022.
[ 13th July 2021, Nigeria ]  While it is not FEWS NET's most likely scenario, if households were to be cut off from typical food and income sources and humanitarian assistance for a prolonged period, food security conditions could rapidly deteriorate. In this scenario, households would likely predominately rely on wild foods and bartering to access food. In many areas, households have already been displaced multiple times and have limited coping capacity. Some of the areas of highest concern include Abadam, Dikwa, Gwoza, Damboa, Bama, Magumeri, Guzamala, Kukawa, Mafa, and Marte LGAs, where the population facing Emergency  ( IPC Phase 4 )  is expected to be relatively high. Should households face a more prolonged and significant disruption to food and income sources – which is not the most likely scenario but for which there remains a plausible risk   Famine  ( IPC Phase 5 )  could occur.
[ 09   15 August 2021, Nigeria ] ETT assessments identified the following movement triggers: poor living conditions  ( 772 individuals or 34% ) , improved security  ( 716 individuals or 32% ) , voluntary relocation  ( 672 individuals or 30% ) , military operations  ( 44 individuals or 2% )  and seasonal farming  ( 40 individuals or 2% ) .
[ 6th July 2021, Nigeria ]  Challenges : In all refugee hosting locations, negative coping mechanisms including alcohol abuse and survival sex have been reported among youths and women headed households, due to limited food and livelihood support.
[ 31st December 2020, Borno state ] DEBT: Many households across the six LGAs fell into debts during the COVID 19 pandemic. As a result of lack of income and increase in food prices, households resorted to borrowing money from relatives and neighbours. Some households also begged for food from neighbours because of the attendant food shortage.
[ 6th July 2021, Nigeria ]  In Cross River State  ( CRS ) , UNHCR donated 25,000 pieces of surgical masks, 800 isolation gowns, 100 packets of latex disposable gloves, 480 pieces of disinfectants and 10 vaccine cooler boxes to the CRS Commissioner of Health, to support the ongoing COVID19 vaccination campaign of refugees and the host communities.
[ 6th July 2021, Nigeria ]  Over 5,000 refugees and locals received medical care, including prenatal/postnatal care, family planning and mental health at the UNHCR supported facilities in BCT States. Malaria, gastric/peptic ulcer, watery diarrhoea, malnutrition, upper respiratory tract infection, hypertension were the most common illnesses recorded.
[ 6th July 2021, Nigeria ]  HEALTH: More than 2,000 refugees and locals in Benue State received COVID 19 prevention items including buckets, hand wash, sanitizers, and face masks in Benue State, by UNHCR
[ 31st December 2020, Borno state ] AGRICULTURE :The MSNA findings show that the most common occupation of the people in the LGAs was farming. Farmers access land for agricultural purposes through use of their own land or rental from the custodians or directly from other individual land owners. In Biu, majority of people are farmers. Men take the primary responsibility in participating in agricultural activities, including land preparation, seed sowing, weed management, pesticide application, harvesting, and marketing of products while women and children play supporting roles. This is the same in other LGAs such as Damboa, Monguno, and konduga. In Hawul and Dikwa, the respondents stated that the primary responsibilities in agriculture are handled by both men and women.
[ 6th July 2021, Nigeria ]  WATER, SANITATION AND HYGIENE  ( WASH )  : Over 1,500 refugees were reached with sensitization on COVID 19 prevention, personal/environmental hygiene in Adagom, Ukende and Ikyogen settlements.
[ 6th July 2021, Nigeria ]  UNHCR partner NRCS supplied laboratory consumables including cotton wools, syringes/needles, methylated spirit, and disinfectants to five Primary Health Centres in Etung and Obanliku local government, CRS.
[ 31st December 2020, Borno state ] Access to Seeds and Other Agricultural Inputs: There is not enough access to seeds and other agricultural inputs needed in all the LGAs. In Biu LGA, 72% acknowledged that they did access seeds and other agricultural inputs, and 14 % indicated that they did but the seeds/agricultural inputs were not enough to meet their needs. In Damboa, 68% acknowledged that they accessed seeds and other agricultural inputs, and 9% indicated that they accessed but the seeds/agricultural inputs were not enough to meet their needs.
[ 31st December 2020, Borno state ] In Dikwa, 74% of respondents acknowledged that they did access seeds and other agricultural inputs, and 26% indicated that they did but the seeds/agricultural inputs were not enough to meet their needs. In Hawul LGA, while 36% of household respondents stated that they did not access any, 35% acknowledged that they accessed seeds and other agricultural inputs, and 25% indicated that they did but the seeds/agricultural inputs were not enough to meet their needs. The FGDs conducted in the communities commonly show that the households faced challenges with accessing farming inputs and farm essentials like fertilizers, tools and seedlings for cultivation.
[ 6th July 2021, Nigeria ]  HEALTH Challenges : Malaria cases are on the increase and remain the commonest cause of morbidity. As such, mosquito nets are urgently needed by refugees. Most refugees declined receiving the COVID 19 vaccine due to misconceptions about the vaccine. There is no COVID 19 compliant ambulance for emergency evacuations in Adikpo, Ogoja and Takum  ( BCT States ) . Lack of transportation to facilitate emergency cases and other referrals in these locations remains a major challenge for refugees and locals.
[ 31st December 2020, Borno state ] In Konduga, 44% of household respondents stated that they did not access any seeds, while 26% acknowledged that they accessed seeds and other agricultural inputs, but they were not enough to meet their needs. In Monguno, while 5% of household respondents stated that they did not access any, 5% acknowledged that they accessed seeds and other agricultural inputs, and 90% indicated that they did but the seeds/agricultural inputs were not enough to meet their needs.  ( See figure 9 ) . Their challenges with accessing seedlings and other agricultural inputs was highlighted in the FGDs;
[ 6th July 2021, Nigeria ]  EDUCATION Challenges : In Adagom, Ukende and Ikyogen settlements, refugee children with specific needs have limited access to education, given the long distance from the refugee settlements to the schools. Shortage of teachers across public schools where refugees are enrolled, significantly affects the quality of education provided to refugees and locals. The teacher/student ratio is over 1:100. UNHCR continues to advocate to the national education authorities for deployment of teachers.
[ 31st December 2020, Borno state ] IMPACT OF THE PANDEMIC ON AGRICULTURE: The pandemic led to a restriction in movements to farms, market closure, loss of jobs, and lack of income. While some households were scared to go to the farm due to insecurity, others had no money to farm, thereby hindering agricultural activities. Findings from the assessment showed that in the last year, majority of respondents across the six LGAs needed to access land, majorly for the growing of crops. The FGDs conducted with members of the community in Monguno LGA showed that they struggled with restricted access to farm lands due to the lockdown;
[ 6th July 2021, Nigeria ]  FOOD SECURITY Challenges : Because of COVID 19, prices of basic food commodities in refugee hosting areas have increased significantly, by about 30% on core food commodities, compared to early 2020. The cash assistance for food provided to refugees has been inconsistent due to funding constraint. Food remains one of the critical needs of refugees in settlements and host communities. Some Refugees continue crossing back and forth to Cameroon in search of food and livelihood opportunities to sustain their families.
[ 31st December 2020, Borno state ] The respondents agreed to at least one person in the household being sick in the past two weeks. Fever, malaria, dizziness and vomiting were the major symptoms of illnesses faced by households in the LGA, especially among women and children. To prevent diseases, respondents reported that men, women and children practiced regular washing of hands with soap, usage of water or alcohol based hand gel, covering of nose and mouth while coughing or sneezing, and avoiding direct contact with dirty surfaces. In the period under consideration, the reported causes of death for all age brackets in the LGAs include natural deaths such as old age, accidents and diseases.  ( See figure 11 ) .
[ 6th July 2021, Nigeria ]  COVID 19 vaccination commenced for Cameroonian refugees in CRS and Benue by the State Primary Health Care Development Agency in Adagom, Ukende and Ikyogen settlements, following UNHCR's advocacy to the Ministry of Health, to include refugees in their vaccination plan. Over 700 refugees and host community members received the first dose of COVID  19 vaccination. UNHCR through its partner the Nigerian Red Cross Society  ( NRCS )  sensitized refugees and locals to receive the COVID vaccine and provided logistics support to the vaccination team
[ 31st December 2020, Borno state ] Educational Status of Children: Borno State has the lowest literacy rates at only 35% of females and 46% of male adolescents.12 The educational status of children in the six LGAs in Borno state were assessed. Primary school education and Islamiyah were the highest forms of education attained by both boys and girls in most of the LGAs. The most number of out of school children were recorded in Damboa LGA and Monguno LGA, according to the MSNA. Similarly, the school attendance status of children across the LGAs is presented in the figure below;
[ 1st Jan   30th Jun 2021, Nigeria ]  In addition, the Borno State Government resumed the closure of several IDP camps located across the metropolitan city of Maiduguri. In May, over 1,800 IDP households were either returned to insecure locations and unfavourable conditions or moved into other camps, thus overstretching the existing humanitarian resources. Since February 2021, as part of the Tripartite agreement between Cameroon, Nigeria and UNHCR, voluntary returns of approximately 5000 Nigerian refugees in Cameroon have also commenced with refugees returning to Banki town of Bama local government area  ( LGA ) .
[ 1st Jan   30th Jun 2021, Nigeria ]  With the COVID 19 pandemic, 2,966 confirmed cases  ( 1,344   Borno, 1,134   Adamawa, 488   Yobe )  and a total of 79 deaths  ( 38 Borno, 32 Adamawa, 9 Yobe )  were recorded as at 30 June. The first phase of the COVID 19 vaccination for the first dose benefited 35,737 people in Borno, 33,752 in Adamawa, and 26,029 in Yobe state. While for the 2nd dose, 22,925 people in Borno, 27,820 in Adamawa and 16,580 in Yobe have benefitted. The Delta variant has been discovered in Nigeria however overall official numbers remain low. More vaccines are expected to arrive in the country in the coming weeks.
[ 1st Jan   30th Jun 2021, Nigeria ]  Health: Since January 2021, a total of 1,963,055 conflict affected people including 1,154,283 children under five  ( 59 percent )  were reached with integrated primary health care services in health facilities in IDP camps and host communities in Adamawa, Borno and Yobe. Malaria remains the main cause of morbidity for the 358,603 consultations conducted by UNICEF and partners.
[ 26th July – 1st August 2021, Nigeria ] There has been a decrease in the number of new Cholera cases in the last two weeks. Bauchi  ( 773 ) , Niger  ( 183 ) , Katsina  ( 120 ) , and FCT  ( 64 )  account for 50.9% of 1,941 cases reported in the last two weeks  ( 29 and 30 )  • Since the beginning of the year, a total of 709 samples have been collected with positive cases as follows   234 RDT positive only; 77 culture positive; 311 RDT and culture positive. The test positivity rate  ( TPR )  for laboratory confirmation by culture is 25%
[ 13th  19th Sep 2021, Yobe ] Yobe SPHCMB, in collaboration with WHO HTR teams, the Community Health Champions, AVADAR Informants, UNICEF and CGPP VCMs, has conducted mass community sensitization in high burden LGAs reaching 9,406 people with COVID 19 prevention messages
[ 1st Jan   30th Jun 2021, Nigeria ]  Nutrition: Since the beginning of 2021, UNICEF and partners have screened 4,717,562 children, with all identified severe acute malnutrition  ( SAM )  and moderate acute malnutrition  ( MAM )  cases referred for treatment. A total of 172,071 children with SAM have accessed treatment at UNICEF supported treatment centres.
[ 1st Jan   30th Jun 2021, Nigeria ]   In addition to the consultations, during the reporting period health workers carried out 1,555,055 prevention services for: • 892,568 children  ( 6 months 15 years )  were vaccinated against measles through routine immunization and campaigns. • 161,504 children and pregnant women were reached with various other antigens • 371,991 children who received Vitamin A supplements. • 30,365 children were reached with total deworming • 87,753 pregnant women were reached with ante natal care. • 10,924pregnant women who visited primary health care centers received long lasting insecticides nets • 13,812 women were supported with safe deliveries. • 46,459 women received post natal care
[ 1st Jan   30th Jun 2021, Nigeria ]  In quarter two, a measles outbreak took place in seven LGAs including Bayo, Biu, Gubio, Jere, Konduga, Magumeri and Maiduguri Municipal Council  ( MMC ) , UNICEF supported the Ministry of Health in containing the outbreak through a reactive measles campaign that benefitted 743,400 children. This resulted in UNICEF surpassing its originally planned annual target of reaching 387,758 children.
[ 10th November 2020, MONGUNO LGA, BORNO STATE ] The prevalence of GAM based on WHZ criteria is more than two folds higher among boys  ( 12.6% )  as compared to girls  ( 4.7% ) , though this difference is statistically significant  ( p value= 0.017 ) .
[ 1st Jan   30th Jun 2021, Nigeria ]   WASH Over 90m³ of water was trucked for 6,000 people in Pulka and Auno towns, while 17,200 persons gained access to safe water through rehabilitation and optimization of two boreholes in Borno state. Operations, and maintenance  ( O&M )  of 134 boreholes  ( including bucket chlorination )  reached 187,652 beneficiaries in Jere, MMC, Kala/Balge and Gwoza LGAs. Batch chlorination for 394,953 beneficiaries continued at 750 community water points in Jere and MMC
[ 31st December 2020, Borno state ] HOUSEHOLD INCOME: The national minimum wage for federal workers in Nigeria reached 30,000 NGN, monthly in 2020, while the average monthly income is in the range 75,000 100,000 NGN. The average monthly income of household respondents for all the six LGAs, according to the assessment is 11,007 NGN. The range of income amongst respondents is between 500 NGN to 60,000 NGN, which is below the average monthly income of workers in Nigeria. The sources of income in all the LGAs include: Agriculture, small businesses, livestock, trade, fishery, sewing, cap knitting, etc. The primary income source of household respondents is agriculture.
[ 31st December 2020, Borno state ] MARKETS: The commodities available in the markets were majorly fresh food and packaged foods. There was scarcity of essential non food items such as soap, beddings, sanitary items, etc., across all LGAs. On the functionality of markets, 35% of respondents stated that markets were functioning as normal, 39% indicated that although markets were functioning, they were not functioning fully, while 25% indicated that markets were not functioning. Markets not functioning fully implies that some necessary commodities were not available in the markets, and there were not enough traders. The non functionality of markets was worsened by the fact that, a result of the pandemic, households were unable to purchase food from the markets due to restriction of movements, road closure and reduced sources of income.
[ 31st December 2020, Borno state ] Aside these findings, of grave concern is the availability of medical supplies which is limited in the health facilities as well as the lack of qualified staff to handle health cases. This could affect the quality of care provided. It was reported by FGD respondents that sometimes, patients are taken to far distances or outside the state for referral cases. Some respondents involved in the FGDs in Monguno LGA stated that the health care facilities in their communities usually do not have enough health workers particularly since the departure of Alliance for International Medical Action  ( ALIMA )  from Gusuri community. However, respondents from Ngurno Camp community stated that they had health workers in their health facilities but only on weekdays
[ 10th November 2020, MONGUNO LGA, BORNO STATE ] The analysis of the prevalence of acute malnutrition age wise shows GAM is very high among younger children of 6 29 months  ( 15.24% )  as compared to older children of 30 59 months  ( 1.51% ) . The combined analysis of table 9 and 10 may lead the following concludes that children belong to the younger age group  ( 6 to 29 months )  are majorly identified by MUAC as compared to older age group  ( 30 to 59 months ) .
[ 13th  19th Sep 2021, Yobe ] Point of Entry  ( POE ) :  Conducted screening of passengers at the international border Points of Entries  ( POEs )   Conducted supportive supervision at the POEs in Potiskum, Bade, and Yusufari LGAs.
[ 5th July 2021, Adamawa state ] Needs: With the rainy season now underway, IDPs across locations, especially at the Mubi transit center, are in urgent need of WASH and NFI assistance including hygiene kits, soaps, sanitation materials and dignity kits. • There is need to replace/repair IDP shelters and WASH facilities that were destroyed/damaged by windstorm in the Mubi transit center
[ 5th July 2021, Adamawa state ] Education Needs: There is a shortage of funding currently impeding the procurement of education supplies, including chairs and desks for pupils across schools and informal learning facilities. This is a major concern for sector partners.
[ 1st Jan   30th Jun 2021, Nigeria ]  Safe sanitation facilities were provided for 27,960 people through the construction of 1,398 emergency latrines in IDP camps in Maiduguri while 88,040 people living in eight high risk cholera camps of Jere, MMC and Pulka LGAs benefited from operation and maintenance and disinfection of 4,402 latrines. 96,850 people continued to benefit from sustained desludging of latrines. A total of 61,121 people were reached with key hygiene messages and provided with WASH and dignity hygiene kits in Borno State. Following the reports of suspected acute watery diarrhoea  ( AWD )  and cholera cases in Yobe State, UNICEF through the state's rural water supply and sanitation agencies  ( RUWASSA ) , distributed vital WASH supplies including soap, Aquatabs and chlorine reaching 2,094 people in Yobe.
[ 1st Jan   30th Jun 2021, Nigeria ]  Education: UNICEF and partners improved access to education for an estimated 389,784 children  ( 193,843 girls/195,941 boys )  through the construction and rehabilitation of learning spaces with gender sensitive WASH facilities and the provision of essential teaching and learning materials as well as teacher trainings.
[ 5th July 2021, Adamawa state ] Child Protection Sub/Working Group Needs: Shortages of vital supplies including menstrual hygiene management kits are impacting critical services for adolescent girls across the state
[ 31st December 2020, Borno state ] Reduced Coping Strategy Index  ( RCSI ) : Coping strategies that households use when they cannot access enough food or money include: reducing the number of meals eaten in a day, limiting portion size and mealtime, and restricting consumption by adults in order for small children to eat, put households  ( men, women and children )  into health and nutritional risks. From the focus group discussion; it was stated that sometimes mothers have to skip meals so their children can have something to eat.
[ 5th July 2021, Adamawa state ] Health Needs: There is an urgent need to scale up delivery of supplementary drugs for children suffering from severe acute malnutrition  ( SAM )  across the state • Frontline health care workers are facing shortages of essential PPE kits, especially in remote areas where their services are most critical.
[ 31st December 2020, Borno state ] Feeding pattern of children 6 months to 23 months : Among the respondents, 22% stated that since the COVID 19 pandemic began, they had encountered challenges in feeding their young children, 6 23 months of age.  ( See table 12 ) . The problems faced in feeding young children 6 23 months, as indicated by those that encountered challenges include inadequate release of breast milk, health issues such as malaria and fever, and food unavailability. All respondents claimed that their children from 6 – 23 months of age are given other food either in support of the breast milk or as main food when breast milk is not available.
[ 5th July 2021, Adamawa state ] Protection Needs: Gaps in access to justice services, legal documentation, freedom of movement, referral services for survivors of genderbased violence  ( GBV )  remain major concerns for partners. • Additional case management services are needed in Yola North, Yola South, Girei and Lamurde LGAs to support GBV survivors.
[ 5th July 2021, Adamawa state ] Nigerian refugees continue to arrive from different parts of Cameroon, setting up spontaneous settlements and sites across border LGAs, especially Mubi South and Mubi North. The returns were voluntary, not led or coordinated by either Nigerian or Cameroonian authorities. UNHCR has tracked an estimated 10,140 among the refugee returnees across informal settlements. Protection sector partners are finalizing plans for a major assessment in all identified settlements and sites hosting the returnees to collate information on critical needs to guide commensurate response efforts.
[  22 June 2021, Adamawa state ] On 22 June, the state government closed an IDP camp in Guyuk LGA that was opened in mid April following the displacement of over 2,600 people during inter communal clashes between Waja and Lundude towns in neighboring Gombe State. Adamawa and Gombe governments had provided IDPs with cash assistance so they could return to their original communities where additional security measures had been implemented to ensure safety. Although most IDPs left the camp over the past weeks, an unspecified number remained when the camp was closed citing unresolved safety concerns in their original communites. OCHA and partners are following up on the situation to ensure those affected by the closure receive necessary assistance and services.
[ 10th November 2020, MONGUNO LGA, BORNO STATE ] About 26.4%  ( 20.7%   33.1%; 95% C.I. )  of children in the surveyed population were underweight. Among 409 sampled children, 8.3%  ( 5.3%   12.9%, 95% CI )  were severely underweight. When the prevalence of underweight was compared by gender, table 8 demonstrates that the prevalence of underweight is higher among boys than girls and the situation is the same among severely underweight children.
[ 10th November 2020, MONGUNO LGA, BORNO STATE ] When data of stunting is further segregated by age shows that the younger children  ( 46.86% )  have a higher prevalence than older children  ( 37.87% ) . The same analysis for severe underweight depicts that prevalence of severe underweight among younger children  ( 23.67% )  was higher than older children  ( 17.68% ) .
[ 10th Aug 2021, Nigeria ]  A backup generator was available in 67% of HFs with most of them functioning with fuel available  ( 94% ) . In Yobe State, most of the HFs  ( 76% )  likewise had electricity functioning at the time of visit. However, the proportion of HFs in Yobe which never had electricity  ( 14% )  was substantially higher compared to Bornoi A backup generator was available in more HFs  ( 76% )  s with most of them functioning with fuel available  ( 94% ) .
[ 10th Aug 2021, Nigeria ]  In Borno, all HFs provided immunization services for children and delivery services while almost all the HFs provided family planning services  ( 96% ) viii and Antenatal care  ( 96% ) . This is followed in terms of availability by essential newborn care  ( 88% ) , curative childcare  ( 88% ) , and treatment for STIs  ( 88% ) . Severe acute malnutrition  ( SAM )  management services were offered in 83% of HFsix. Other services commonly offered included HIV testingx  ( 83% ) , TB care  ( 83% ) , and ART treatment  ( 75% ) . PMCTC servicesxi  ( 67% )  and mental health servicesxii  ( 63% )  were the least commonly offered services.
[ 10th November 2020, MONGUNO LGA, BORNO STATE ] Morbidity and treatment: In terms of morbidity, almost one quarter of the children i.e. 22.5%  ( 18.6%   27.0% )  were suffered one or more illnesses in the past 14 days prior to data collection. Among all children who reported illness  ( 90 ) , 51.1% of children suffered fever, 36.7% had diarrhoea and 50.0% had a cough in the past two weeks.
[ 10th Aug 2021, Nigeria ]  In both Borno and Yobe States, all three basic equipment  ( spyhgmanometer, thermometer, and stethoscope )  were observed to be functional in all HFs except Kasagula Skin Clinic  ( in Borno State )  and AJILARI CLINIC  ( in Yobe State ) . Assessing for the availability of all of five basic equipment, this was available in all HFs except two PHFs – AJILARI CLINIC and Kasagula Skin Clinic. In Yobe, all three basic equipment and all five basic equipment  ( with additional adult weighing scale and child weighing scale )  were available and functional in all HFs except BADEJO PHC.
[ 10th November 2020, MONGUNO LGA, BORNO STATE ] Among these 90 children, 36.7%  ( 26.8%   47.5% )  preferred visiting mobile clinics to seek the treatment of the ailment for their children. About 27.8%  ( 18.9%   38.2% )  caretakers of the children preferred pharmacy medicines whereas 12.2% children visited a hospital. About 11.1% visited PHC and 1.1% and 2.2% visited private clinician and traditional practitioners respectively.
[ 10th Aug 2021, Nigeria ]  During the period 19 April to 9 June 2021, the DTM has identified 2,191,193 IDPs  ( 445,852 households )  across Adamawa, Bauchi, Borno, Gombe, Taraba, and Yobe States. This represents a increased by less than one per cent  ( 6,939 persons )  compared to DTM Round 36. The number of returnees decrease by less than one per cent  ( or 9,893 individuals )  since Round 36 to reach a total number of 1,753,484 returnees in 284,389 households.
[ 10th Aug 2021, Nigeria ]  In Borno State, Co trimozaxole suspension for children and ACTs for children were available in all HFs. Iron and Folic acid tablets, vitamin A capsules, and oral rehydration salts  ( ORS )  are available in 92% of HFs. Among the PHFs, KASAGULA SKIN CLINIC notably had only antibiotics for newborn sepsis, Co trimozaxole, and ACTs in stock; none of the other drugs assessed was available in this HF. Also, Oxytocin was not available in GWOZARI PHC, AJILARI CLINIC. All the SHFs had in stock all essential drugs and commodities assessed except for BAMA GENERAL HOSPITAL which did not have antibiotics for newborn sepsis in stock.
[ 10th Aug 2021, Nigeria ]  In Borno State, all the HFs had a routine process in place for reviewing data on facility services, outcomes, or patients at the facility level. In terms of the recentness of data collected from routine HMIS, only 71% of HFs were current within the past three months.
[ 10th Aug 2021, Nigeria ]  In both states, the majority of the HHs had at least a sick member who sought treatment in the past six months before the survey  ( 89% in Borno and 94% in Yobe ) . In Borno State, only 44% of HH sought treatment in a primary health facility  ( PHF )  while the next commonly accessed places of treatment were Chemist shops  ( 24% )  and General hospitals  ( 17% ) . In Yobe, the majority of the HHs  ( 63% )  received treatment at the PHF with lower proportions visiting General hospitals  ( 12% )  and the chemist  ( 10% ) .
[ 31st December 2020, Borno state ] Additionally, a FGD respondentstated that in order to meet the nutritional needs of children and mothers, women empowerment through skill acquisition and business establishment is preferred. This will reduce households' dependence on the government and NGO's for food provision.
[ 10th Aug 2021, Nigeria ]  The majority of HHs who used their mosquito treated nets, slept under the net every night in Borno State  ( 74% )  while others only used it seasonally  ( 19% )  or on some nights only  ( 7% ) . This daily use of the nets was moderately higher in Yobe State  ( 84% ) . The majority  ( 78% )  of respondents in Borno and 48% in Yobe rated the perception of their risk of getting sick from poor hand hygiene as likely while about 20% and 50% in Borno and Yobe respectively were not sure.
[ 10th Aug 2021, Nigeria ]  In both states, most of the women that had the index child born in the community accessed ANC  ( 96% in Borno and 88% in Yobe ) . In Borno state, Doctors provided ANC for the largest proportion of respondents  ( 44% )  followed by Nurses  ( 26% )  and Midwives  ( 23% ) . In Yobe state, ANC was provided by Midwives to half  ( 50% )  of respondents. Nurses  ( 14% ) , doctors  ( 13% ) , community health officers  ( 12% ) , and community health workers  ( 9% )  were other prevalent ANC providers in Yobe state.
[ 31st December 2020, Borno state ] Child protection Children and women are in need of more friendly spaces where there can feel secure in their community. The need for more child protection services was identified as the girl child deserves education, care and empowerment, in the absence of which she can be forced into early marriage. In Hawul LGA, only guidance and counselling is accessible to victims or girls at risk of GBV, thus there is need for improved GBV case management systems. The relative needs in the LGAs are tabulated  ( table 16 )  below.
[ 10th Aug 2021, Nigeria ]  Assessment of the knowledge of danger signs in pregnancy among the respondents showed poor knowledge based on mentioning three known danger signs. Only 22% in Borno and 29% in Yobe state knew at least three dangers signs.
[ 10th Aug 2021, Nigeria ]  Postnatal care was received by most of the respondents in both states, with a higher proportion in Borno  ( 93% )  compared to Yobe  ( 79% )
[ 1st Jan   30th Jun 2021, Nigeria ]  A total of 2,817 teachers  ( 2,028 females and 789 males )  and 101 head teachers  ( 10 females and 91 males )  from 190 schools in Mubi North and Mubi South LGAs of Adamawa state, and Jere, Konduga, Maiduguri LGAs of Borno state were trained to improve their capacities in the provision of psychosocial support  ( PSS ) , inclusive learning, child centred pedagogy, COVID 19 prevention, classroom management and gender based violence  ( GBV )  which has benefitted a total of 164,221 children  ( 86,938 girls and 77,283 boys ) . Similarly, 145 School Based Management Community  ( SBMC )  members  ( 59 females and 86 males )  from 29 schools in Yunusari, and Geidam LGA of Yobe state were trained to enhance their capacities in school management, and school emergency preparedness response  ( SEPR )  and school improvement plan  ( SIP ) .
[ 1st Jan   30th Jun 2021, Nigeria ]   Communication for Development: In the first half of 2021, the field office in the north east supported the COVID 19 Risk Communication and Community Engagement pillar  ( RCCE )  and contributed in the development and implementation of pillar workplans. Engagement of over 2,540 traditional and religious leaders to advocate to their members to continue practice of desired behaviour s and vaccine acceptance . Volunteer community mobilizer  ( VCM )  network and other community mobilizers reached over 2,760,280 caregivers with messages on handwashing and COVID 19 prevention measures, general hygiene, and sanitation, exclusive breastfeeding  ( EBF ) , open defecation, ante natal care, and routine immunization. 18,178 compound meetings and visit to over 1,500 households were conducted reaching 175,64 people
[ 10th November 2020, MONGUNO LGA, BORNO STATE ] The crude death rate and U5MR were 0.29 and 0.38 per 10000 per day respectively. However, as per IPC classification cut offs, these figures are lower than the emergency threshold. About 42.9% of death caused due to any illness such as Malaria, Sickle cell anaemia and intestinal disorders. The majority  ( 85.7% )  of deaths occurred while the deceased was at home whereas 14.3% at the previous location  ( migration ) .
[ 2nd – 8th August 2021, Borno state ] Challenges: • Insecurity limiting access. • Suspected measles cases reported in unvaccinated communities.
[ 10th November 2020, MONGUNO LGA, BORNO STATE ] A total of 184 children aged 0 23 months were included in the IYCF survey to capture the status of early initiation and exclusive breastfeeding. Mothers with infants below 6 months were asked that after delivery when  ( duration )  was the child first put to the breast. About 65.4%  ( 50.9%   78.0% )  of the participants responded that they put the child to the breast within an hour of the birth. About 21.2%  ( 11.1%   34.7% )  of mothers responded that they put their babies to the breast within one day and 13.5%  ( 5.6%   25.8% )  after one day each. Also, 59.6%  ( 45.1%   73.0% )  women given the colostrum to their newborn from the whole sample.
[ 30th Jun 2021, Nigeria ]  Although the caregivers of 317 children 6 59 months of age in 18 out of 21 LGAs  ( all except Dikwa, Kala Balge and Nganzai )  reported that the children have shown signs of measles within the last 2 weeks  ( see Annex II ) . There was no confirmation from the DSNO as the results are currently being awaited. Thus, no confirmed cases of measles and cholera were reported, hence no alerts were registered for them.
[ 30th Jun 2021, Nigeria ]  The results of the nutritional status of children 6 59 months using MUAC measurement reveals an overall Global Acute Malnutrition  ( GAM )  rate of 6.0% which represent an increase of 0.2% when compared to previous round and SAM rate of 0.8%  ( an increase of 0.2% from previous round )  for the whole state with only Kaga, Kala Balge & Magumeri LGAs having a high GAM rate of above 15% and SAM rate of more than 2.0%. However, disaggregating the data for the most vulnerable age group  ( 6 23 months old )  reveals a more than two fold increase in the rates to 14.2% and 1.9% for GAM and SAM respectively. Further disaggregation of the data for 6 23 months old by LGA shows that 14 of 23 LGAs have SAM rates of 2 or more percent while on the other hand, 18 out of 23 LGAs have GAM rates above 10%  ( figure 2 & Annex I ) .
[ 30th Jun 2021, Nigeria ]  Six deterioration or negative alerts for malnutrition were registered for Bama, Kaga, Kala Balge, Konduga, Maiduguri and Nganzai LGAs with percentage point changes ≥5% and ≥1% for GAM and SAM respectively. While on the other hand, combined malnutrition/diarrhea alert with ≥5% deterioration in GAM or Diarrhea and or ≥1% for SAM were recorded in 4 LGAs  ( Damboa, Dikwa, Mobbar & Ngala ) . Finally, 5 LGAs  ( Biu, Chibok and Mafa:  high GAM deterioration & Askira Uba and Jere: high SAM deterioration )  should be observed more due to high changes in GAM and SAM rates from last round. None of the 23 LGAs showed a Diarrhea alert. In total, 10 LGAs have alerts  ( see the table 1 above for details ) . None of the LGAs showed improvement across all the 3 indicators when compared to last round of data collection.
[ 30th Jun 2021, Nigeria ]  Overall, 10 LGAs have alerts  ( 6 malnutrition and 4 malnutrition/diarrhea alerts )  which needs to be investigated further with a small study or analysis of additional data. None of the alerts met the criteria for an emergency response as there was no confirmed outbreak of cholera or measles
[ 30th Jun 2021, Nigeria ]  Based on the findings above, we recommend that; i. The high deterioration in GAM, SAM and Diarrhea numbers in Damboa and Mobbar LGAs makes it imperative to investigate further the drivers of malnutrition in these LGAs. ii. The high deterioration in diarrhea rates in Damboa, Dikwa, Mobbar and Ngala LGAs should also be investigated. iii. A meeting of the FIT Implementation Committee be convened immediately to decide possible response implementation strategy to identified alerts.
[ 30th Jun 2021, Nigeria ]  Finally, even though Biu, Chibok and Mafa which shows high GAM changes as well as Askira Uba and Jere LGAs that shows high SAM changes did not meet the criteria of malnutrition alert, the data reveals changes GAM rate and SAM rates of above the set thresholds for SAM and GAM alert individually. These necessitated the need for the nutrition team and partners to keep an eye these LGAs and ensure that every child that requires treatment is responded to accordingly.
[ 31st December 2020, Borno state ] Household wastes are not segregated nor disposed properly. As this is seeming like a major health concern, there is urgent need for solid waste management systems in the LGAs as well as toilet facilities, like ventilated improved pits that can be provided for the communities. The relative needs in the LGAs are tabulated below.
[ 5th July 2021, Borno state ] Some 203 people, mostly women and children from high risk locations in Dikwa and Kala Balge LGAs, arrived in Bama LGA during the week and are undergoing military screening at the LGA reception center. Partners at the Government Secondary School  ( GSS )  camp are on standby to register and provide the new arrivals with initial multi sectoral assistance particularly food, shelter, NFIs, WASH, health and protection services. Similar arrivals were registered in previous weeks, most of them rescued during ongoing military counter operations in high risk areas. With the lean season now underway, there are growing concerns for over 1 million people still trapped in high risk locations across the north east, especially in Borno State, which may be the worst affected by the looming threat of extreme food insecurity.
[ 8th Aug 2021, Nigeria ]  People who fled their homes and lost their livelihoods due to the ongoing conflict in the North East of Nigeria struggle to put food on the table because of soaring inflation. The inflation rate reached a four year record high of 18per cent in March this year, according to the National Bureau of Statistics. People displaced by the conflict are among the most vulnerable and are disproportionally affected by price fluctuations.
[ 8th Aug 2021, Nigeria ]  In 2020, more than 16'000 people received cash for investment through the ICRC's micro economic grants and 173 entrepreneurs received grants through the ICRC Tony Elumelu Foundation partnership to start their own businesses.
[ 5th July 2021, Borno state ] Civilian safety concerns continue to mount in Damboa LGA where NSAG operatives have maintained illegal vehicle checkpoints  ( IVCP )  at key supply routes including the Damboa Biu and Damboa Chibok roads almost on a daily basis for over three weeks. At least two civilians were killed and others wounded during recent clashes in the LGA, while commuters were routinely stopped at IVCPs and asked to show identity documents before being allowed to continue their journey. The heightened presence of NSAGs could potentially impact aid operations, including the movement of cargo along the supply routes. This will have dire implications for IDPs and other affected populations in the LGA who rely on critical services being provided by humanitarian partners, who use these routes to access these communities.
[ 5th July 2021, Borno state ] Gaps : Worsening insecurity, marked by the upsurge of attacks, continues impact the operating environment, further shrinking the humanitarian footprint in the north east. This is detrimentally impacting the humanitarian response, including the implementation of preparedness measures to mitigate impacts of flooding and risks of disease outbreaks, such as cholera, during the rainy season. More than 200 IDP households directly affected in recent flash flooding incidents in Dikwa LGA – where partners were forced to reduce their presence since mid April due to multiple attacks – are still without assistance. Ongoing response to disease outbreaks, including measles, have also been impacted by access challenges as many affected areas are still hard to reach for vaccination teams. Although partners and the Government are deploying specialized hard to reach  ( HTR )  and Rapid Response  ( RRT )  teams to deliver critical health services in some of the high risk areas, flooding along major routes could worsen the access challenges in the coming months with locations like Rann town, near the border with Cameroon, likely to be the worst affected.
[ 31st July 2021, Northeast Nigeria ] The Nigerian government on 2nd of August received four million and eighty doses of the Moderna COVID 19 vaccine donated by the Biden Harris administration of the United States of America. The vaccines, which were delivered through the COVAX facility, a vaccine alliance aimed at ensuring equitable distribution of vaccines globally, had earlier arrived in Abuja, Nigeria's capital city, around 2:15 a.m. on Sunday  ( 1st August, 2021 ) . The vaccines were received and stored at the country's National Strategic Cold Store near the Nnamdi Azikiwe International Airport in Abuja.
[ 31st July 2021, Northeast Nigeria ] Nigeria has taken delivery of 117,600 Janssen  ( Johnson & Johnson )  vaccine on 12 August 2021 in Abuja. The delivery marks the first wave of arrivals of COVID 19 vaccines procured through the African Union. “The arrival of these vaccines will be yet another step in the battle against the COVID 19 pandemic,' says Dr Faisal Shuaib, Executive Director of the National Primary Health Care Development Agency  ( NPHCDA ) . He adds that the shipment, is the first batch of the vaccine from the African Union which would be received in segments monthly until total 29.8 million doses are completed.
[ 31st December 2020, Borno state ] WASH: Across all LGAs assessed, the community members are in need of more functioning water sources in order to reduce distance and queuing time for fetching water. There is also a common pressing need for WASH kits as these facilities are scarce to households and inadequate, especially in host communities.
[ 31st December 2020, Borno state ] Although lack of money was identified as a pressing need, it is actually the lack of livelihoods and income generating activities of the parents or other adult family members. There are limited farming activities, limited access to farmlands and people lost their jobs because of corona virus. Thus, the people are in need of livelihood support.
[ 31st July 2021, Northeast Nigeria ] Speaking on the advantage of the Janssen COVID 19 vaccine, ED said, “The single dose vaccine will be a viable tool to interrupt the spread of the pandemic especially in the rural areas, riverine and hard to reach places. It would be more beneficial for Nigeria, given its huge difficult terrains, coupled with weak systems for keeping track of people and logistics involved for delivering the second doses.' The Janssen COVID 19 vaccine is stored between 2°C and 8°C  ( 36°F and 46°F ) : Storage unit temperatures must be monitored regularly and checked and recorded at the beginning of each workday to determine if any excursions have occurred since the last temperature check.
[ 31st July 2021, Northeast Nigeria ] The combination of conflict, COVID 19, increased food prices, climate change are decimating livelihoods and people's access to food. Without sustained humanitarian assistance in Borno, Adamawa and Yobe states, millions will struggle to feed themselves.
[ 31st July 2021, Northeast Nigeria ] The insecurity plaguing north east Nigeria prevents many farmers from accessing their fields and growing crops. They are doubly impacted by the food insecurity, not only losing their ability to grow food they need to feed their families, but also suffering the loss of income from not being able to yield a harvest.
[ 31st July 2021, Northeast Nigeria ] A considerable percentage of the affected people are female headed households, who depend on farming to provide for their families. They are facing an impossible dilemma to earn a living at the same time facing the risk of violence, including sexual violence, by collecting firewood or going to farm outside the relative safety of their community.
[ 31st July 2021, Northeast Nigeria ] The worst affected are women and children, sharing stories of sleepless children who cry through the night due to hunger. The conditions for some households are so desperate that families are living on nutritional supplements meant to ensure the survival of their children.
[ 31st July 2021, Northeast Nigeria ] The impact of the COVID 19 pandemic and inflation has also deepened vulnerabilities. In addition to losing livelihoods, people have had to cope with decimation of their incomes and increased food prices – food prices have increased by 20 percent since last year.
[ 31st July 2021, Northeast Nigeria ] We learned of parents taking their children out of school to beg in order to survive. This exposes children, especially girls, to the risk of trafficking, rape, and sexual harassment. Domestic and sexual violence is on the rise, as men struggle to provide for their families, taking their frustrations out on the family. Women and young girls are also forced into child labour, child marriage and transactional sex for food and survival.
[ 20th 26th Sep 2021, Yobe ]  Point of Entry  ( POE ) : Conducted screening of passengers at the international border Points of Entries  ( POEs ) . Conducted supportive supervision at the POEs in Bursari, Nguru, and Nangere LGAs.
[ 31st July 2021, Northeast Nigeria ] For many people across the Borno, Adamawa and Yobe states, they can no longer afford to buy food. Women in one of the camps in Maiduguri shared that they resort to eating grass, illustrating the levels of desperation early in the lean season.
[ 31st July 2021, Northeast Nigeria ] There is a risk of the nutrition situation deteriorating to critical levels due to persistent poor underlying conditions, including inadequate water, sanitation and hygiene and access to health care. The situation may likely worsen during the rainy season, if outbreaks and incidence of diseases like cholera and malaria are not prevented or controlled.
[ 31st March 2021, Northeast Nigeria ] According to the Integrated Food Security Phase Classification  ( IPC )  Acute Malnutrition Analysis  ( IPC AMN )  of March 2021, the number of acutely malnourished children and women is expected to significantly increase during the 2021 lean season, with some 1.15 million children and over 124,000 women projected to be acutely malnourished. This will be the highest levels of women and children at risk since 2017, when the crisis was at its peak.
[ 31st July 2021, Northeast Nigeria ] Across the months of June – July, a total of 412 humanitarian aid workers and dependents were vaccinated by the international humanitarian community isolation and treatment center team at Red roof for first dose. 553 humanitarian aid workers were vaccinated for second dose.