nlp-thedeep/humsetbias huggingface dataset:
Over 2,000 new Cameroonian refugee arrivals were reported in Taraba State. The influx began in January 2020 following reports of renewed violence. According to the new arrivals, most trekked across savannah and forests to reach Nigeria. Meanwhile, 14 border monitoring visits carried out in Sardauna, Takum, Kurmi and Ussa Local Government Areas  ( LGA )  found that the new arrivals were in urgent need of food, shelter and healthcare
Nigeria faces significant health challenges that undermine the country's human capital and economic development. . Compared to regional and low  and middle income averages, Nigeria underperforms on life expectancy  ( 53 years in 2016 ) , maternal mortality  ( 576 per 100,000 live births in 2013 ) , and infant mortality  ( infant mortality rate of 65 per 1,000 live births in 2017 ) . The poor health outcomes and insufficient coverage of essential services demonstrate the need for increased resource allocation and enhanced financial protection for healthcare in Nigeria.
URBAN REFUGEES : As of April 2020, there were 2,430 refugees registered, with majority residing in Abuja, Kano, Ogun, and Lagos. In addition to the urban refugees, there is 1,122 Asylum seekers as at end of April 2020. Updated data on urban refugees for May is not available due to precautionary measures against the COVID 19 pandemic.
As of 2 nd June 2020, there are 10,819 confirmed cases of COVID 19 reported in Nigeria, increased by over 10,000 cases since the last NPSWG meeting which was replaced with information note on 7 th April 2020.
Besides their physiological and social functions, women and girls bear a high cost of community conflicts. While men may account for higher fatalities, women may be more vulnerable to humanitarian tragedies. For example, as at 2019 out of the 7.1 million people relying on humanitarian assistance for survival in the Northeast, women and girls accounted for 4.6 million representing 64.8 per cent.
The Bank's intervention aligns with its COVID 19 Response Facility  ( CRF ) ; Ten Year Strategy  ( 2013 2022 ) ; and High 5 priorities, especially “Improve the quality of life for the people of Africa'
Policy recommendations: Leveraging financial innovation will reduce remittance costs: Making full use of technology and innovation can help reduce remittance costs. Because remittances are a major source of foreign exchange revenue for Nigeria, their loss will worsen pressures on its balance of payments, and investments could be postponed. Creating profiles of Nigerian emigrants and organize investment forums and focus groups for them will help attract investment from the diaspora.
About 40.1% of Nigerians live below the poverty line of $1.90 per day and it is feared that the fall in household income during the pandemic will result in wealth deterioration for both the formal and informal sector workers.
The Boko Haram terrorist militia has been carrying out repeated attacks and atrocities against the civilian population since 2009. The result: poverty, debris, death    and people who have lost everything.
Some 75 wounded residents have been hospitalized and properties including homes, businesses and livestock were destroyed
Mall Koni Hoki is particularly hard hit by the impact of the Coronavirus pandemic. The 64 year old lives as an internal refugee in the Nigerian state of Borno.
Nearly 1,200 displaced by the clashes are currently occupying two schools pending the establishment of two camps. The State Emergency Agency has started delivering food assistance.
On 15 and 16 May, 73 people were killed and over 1,000 displaced in inter communal clashes in three communities in Lamurde LGA, in the west of Adamawa State, according to an initial assessment by the State Emergency Management Agency.
Daily laborers and people engaging in cash for work activities are the most affected due to restricted labour migration and closure of small businesses. Youth and women in the informal sector are also hard hit. Supply shortages as a result of movement restrictions are also reducing economic opportunities and decreasing rural and urban incomes thereby affecting people's ability to buy basic commodities.
Mines, unexploded ordnance  ( UXO )  and more frequent use of improvised explosive devices  ( IEDs )  are resulting in a growing threat to host populations, refugees and IDPs. While it appears that the intended targets of numerous anti government and non state armed groups are the security forces, more and more civilians are indiscriminately killed and maimed.
Meanwhile, in northeastern Nigeria, some 230 people were killed by IEDs and more than 300 injured in 2019. More than 15 incidents have been reported so far in 2020.
Urgent efforts are needed to address the dangers and legacy of landmines and to heighten awareness of the horrifying threat from mines, explosive remnants of war and improvised explosive devices. There is a vital need for governments, humanitarian organizations and parties to conflict to expand mine action work as civilians pay a heavy price.
Mines also pose additional hazard for refugees and IDPs fleeing violence and persecution and hinders their right to return to their homes
The pandemic is posing serious risks to the already insecure tenure for a majority of internally displaced persons  ( IDPs )  in north east Nigeria. Across Borno, Adamawa and Yobe states, 60 per cent of IDPs reside in host communities while 40 per cent reside in IDP camps.
Humanitarian organizations have faced increased access constraints and security related incidents that hamper more effective humanitarian response in the three states. With the upsurge in attacks over the past year, and specifically in recent months, aid organizations were forced to scale down activities and temporarily withdraw their staff in some areas.
In March and April, the COVID 19 pandemic led to the closure of schools in Borno, Adamawa and Yobe states, thereby impacting the Education in Emergency response and further limiting access to education for conflict affected children
COVID 19 posed a serious challenge to implementing resilience and recovery activities across Borno, Adamawa and Yobe states due to government imposed travel restrictions.
In addition, the security situation continued to be fragile. Incidents of attacks by non state armed groups were reported in Nanam, the headquarters of Yunusari LGA in Yobe State. Threats of a looming attack in Yunusari and Geidam LGAs  ( Yobe State )  also led to a two day suspension of activities there
A total of 1,594 movements were recorded, comprising 1,289 arrivals and 305 departures, between 29 June and 5 July 2020. Arrivals were recorded at locations in Askira/Uba, Bama, Damboa, Dikwa, Gubio, Gwoza, Mobbar, Monguno and Ngala Local Government Areas  ( LGAs )  of the most affected Nigerian State of Borno. Arrivals were also recorded in Fufore, Gombi, Maiha, Michika, Mubi North, Numan, Song and Yola South LGAs of the state of Adamawa. Departures were recorded in Askira/Uba, Bama, Damboa, Gwoza and Kala/Balge LGAs of Borno; Gombi, Lamurde, Madagali, Maiha, Mubi North, Numan, Song and Yola North LGAs of Adamawa
Abuja, 7 May 2020 – Thirty five year old Salihu Umar was diagnosed with COVID 19 after returning from a six day trip to London in March 2020.
40 arrivals and 80 departures were recorded in Askira/Uba LGA of Borno state. The arrivals included 20 from Damboa LGA and 5 from Askira/Uba LGA in Borno state, 10 from Girei LGA and 5 from Hong LGA in Adamawa state. All departures recorded were from Gatamarwa ward of Chibok LGA in Borno state. 71 per cent of the movement were triggered by improved security, 21 per cent from poor living conditions and 8 per cent relocated voluntarily.
The number of internally displaced persons has risen to more than three million people at times. Now with the pandemic, Nigeria ranks third on the African continent when it comes to the number of active coronavirus cases. Additionally, the refugee crisis in this west African country is one of the ten most neglected refugee crises in the world. Above all, this means negligible international aid for those affected.
At least 14 people were killed and 15 others wounded in a major fire outbreak that ravaged the International School  ( ISS )  IDP camp in Ngala LGA on 16 April.
In January and February, Illegal Vehicle Check Points  ( VCPs )  set up by non state armed groups and armed criminal gangs continued to pose security constraints and hamper the movement of humanitarian goods along main supply routes.
Adamawa State continues to experience increased humanitarian needs driven by conflict, attacks by non state armed groups  ( NSAGs ) , and inter communal clashes.
While over 70 per cent of the 5,000 new arrivals in the State in the fourth quarter of 2019 originated from conflict areas in Borno State, only 30 per cent of the 6,317 new arrivals originated from Borno state this first quarter and the majority 70 per cent originated from remote communities in high risk security areas within Yobe State.
The effect of heavy winds and rains are far reaching, and the sector is faced with shortage in supply and logistics challenges that hamper timely and immediate intervention. Additionally, sector partners have also experienced constrains in procurement and logistical processes due the inter state lockdown and previous movement restrictions within, and outside the country.
266,323 samples have been tested while the NCDC is aiming to conduct two million tests by end of July
Doctors went on an indefinite strike nationwide on 15 June to protest inadequate supplies of PPEs for health workers and lack of hazard allowance
COVID 19 Nigeria: Cases surpasses 30,000 as death toll reaches 684. As of 26 July, a total of 40,532 cases and 858 fatalities have been registered in Nigeria, according to the latest data from the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control  ( NCDC )
According to the UNHCR, the conflict in northeastern Nigeria between the military and the terrorist group, Boko Haram, is responsible for the internal displacement of over two million people, the majority of whom are women, girls and children.
Amid the COVID 19 pandemic, they are particularly vulnerable as access to food and other relief materials is getting increasingly limited.
As Onyi describes it, circumstances are especially frightening for menstruating women and girls who have neither money with which to buy sanitary pads nor access to sanitation facilities to visit during their period, which makes them all the more vulnerable to diseases and infections
Poor menstrual hygiene can pose physical health risks and has been linked to reproductive and urinary tract infections, and is a concern in Nigeria. The Water Supply and Sanitation Collaborative Council  ( WSSCC ) , together with in country partners, has been addressing issues of menstrual health and hygiene in Nigeria since 2011.
Between April and May 2020, the Borno State Government imposed restrictive measures to contain the spread of the virus including lock down between April 23, 2020 and 13 May 2020.
The ongoing conflict, growing food insecurity and COVID 19 pandemic significantly increase humanitarian needs. 10.6 million people including 2 million IDPs are in need of life saving assistance, and 3.8 million people are expected to be critically food insecure in Northeast Nigeria. The Humanitarian Response Plan was recently revised to USD 1.08 billion, and is currently only 13% funded.
The worsening insecurity, growing food insecurity and COVID 19 outbreak in the Northeast, significantly increase humanitarian needs and impede the delivery of aid to the 7.9 million people in need of assistance.
The COVID 19 pandemic continues to gain infection traction in the North East states of Borno, Adamawa and Yobe, since the first index case was reported on the 18th of April 2020 in Borno State. With over 7.5 million people in need of humanitarian assistance due to the ongoing humanitarian crisis in the region, the COVID 19 pandemic presents a more difficult challenge to an already complex humanitarian situation.
In north east Nigeria, the threats and risks for children and their families caused by the ongoing conflict are likely to be further exacerbated by the COVID 19 pandemic. This global public health pandemic has also affected the capacities of families to provide and care for their children.
A total of 639 positive cases had been reported, of which 29 positive cases were children in north east Nigeria between March and June 2020.
Out of the population groups targeted in IDP camps and host communities, it was observed that the most receptive group to the COVID 19 messaging  ( methods of transmission, symptoms and prevention measures )  were women of 25 years and above whereas children between 6 and 12 years were least receptive to the messaging as shown in Figure 16 below
The health agency noted that eight more persons have died from the disease.
The Nigeria Centre for Disease Control  ( NCDC ) , has announced 624 new COVID 19 cases in the country as total infections from the virus increased to 41, 804. The NCDC made this known on its official twitter handle on Tuesday.
The threat of the COVID 19 pandemic looms, particularly for its 1.8 million Internally displaced persons  ( IDPs )  in the three states, and even more for the 413,271 IDPs living in the 51 highly congested camps  ( 28 in Maiduguri metropolitan area and 23 in deep field locations )  with an average of 12 m2 /person
Among others states with new cases were: Niger  ( 49 ) , Kano  ( 37 ) , Osun  ( 37 ) , FCT  ( 35, Plateau  ( 34 ) , Gombe  ( 33 ) , Edo  ( 28 ) , Enugu  ( 28 ) , Ebonyi  ( 17 ) , Delta  ( 10 ) , Katsina  ( 9 ) , Ogun  ( 8 ) , Rivers  ( 7 ) , Ondo  ( 5 ) , Kaduna  ( 4 )  and Nasarawa  ( 2 ) .
The survey also sought to understand to what extent child protection activities had to be suspended as a result of the pandemic and related prevention and control measures. As shown in Figure 22 below, 76% of the organizations implementing community based reintegration services for former CAAG indicated that these activities had to be suspended completely during the lock down period or partially in the period covered by the survey; this ties with the previous findings showing that community based reintegration services for former CAAG was the most impacted service in LGAs outside Jere and MMC.
With respect to movement of supplies necessary for child protection service delivery in and out of the State as well as to other LGAs, 42% of the respondent organizations indicated that they did not have any child protection supplies that required transportation, 25% were able to move child protection supplies with minimal challenges, 21% planned to move child protection supplies but were unable to do so and 13% were able to move child protection supplies but with considerable challenges.
Movements were restricted within Jere and MMC 5 out of 7 days of the week. Passes were made available to some government and humanitarian actors to facilitate delivery of essential services. Travel by road between LGAs was largely restricted for the general public and humanitarian goods; measures to facilitate transportation of essential humanitarian staff and goods were largely not implemented in a timely manner. Travel by air for humanitarian workers between LGAs continued during the lock down periods.
The survey sought to understand the direct and indirect consequences of the COVID 19 pandemic and related control measures on the well being of children  ( below 18 years of age )  as observed in the communities where the respondent organizations worked in during the period of March to May 2020. As shown in Figure 7 below, the consequences that were observed to mostly affect children were as follows  ( in order of gravity  [ moderate plus high ]  ) :   Girls and boys having limited access to remote education services;   Increased psychosocial distress amongst girls;   Increased psychosocial distress amongst girls; and   Limited access to sanitary materials for girls.
The survey sought to understand the extent to which children and community members believed that COVID 19 exists. Based on the observations of the participating agencies, majority of children did not believe that COVID 19 exists.
The consequences that were observed to mostly affect the well being of caregivers and families were as follows  ( in order of gravity  [ moderate plus high ]  )  as shown in Figure 8 below:   Inability of caregivers to provide basic goods  ( food, etc. )  for their children;   Loss of jobs and livelihoods;   Fear for the health and well being of families; and   Increased psychosocial distress for women and men.
The survey also sought to understand the perceptions of child protection actors of the extent to which children and community members what the COVID 19 virus is, how it is spread and how they could protect themselves from infection. This was rated on a scale of 1  ( children/community members have little information about the virus and how to protect themselves )  to 5  ( children/community members have the right information about the virus and how to protect themselves ) . Only 38% of the respondents reported that children had some information on what the COVID 19 virus is, how it is spread and how to protect themselves as shown in Figure 5. At least 70% of the respondents reported that community members  ( 18 years and above )  had some information on what the COVID 19 virus is, how it is spread and how to protect themselves
During the lock down period, a limited number of passes were issued by the Borno State Committee on the Prevention and Control of COVID 19 to facilitate delivery of essential humanitarian services. A total of 42% of the respondent organizations were able to obtain both vehicle and staff passes and 42% were able to obtain staff passes but no vehicle passes as shown in Figure 23 below. The Child Protection Sub Sector advocated through the Inter Sector Working Group for provision of passes specifically for national NGOs; however, only 5 passes were issued to NNGOs across all sectors.
There was a fire incident on Saturday 23 May 2020 in Muna Garage el Badawe IDP camp. The fire started during an evening windstorm at around 5.00 p.m. and lasted for about one hour. The fire started when a windstorm blew sparks from a fire where an internally displaced person was cooking onto a makeshift shelter that caught ablaze Two tanks of the Borno State fire service arrived at the scene and helped put out the fire.
At least 14 people were killed and 15 others wounded in a major fire outbreak that ravaged the International School  ( ISS )  IDP camp in Ngala LGA on 16 April. The fire reportedly started around 10.00 a.m. from a cooking point, spreading and destroying over 300 shelters and one communal shelter before it was put out. More than 8,000 IDPs were directly affected with homes, property and valuables lost to the inferno. The wounded IDPs are receiving treatment at the camp clinic run by partners
Fourteen  ( 14 )  suspected cases of Lassa fever reported as at 11 th March, 2020. 4 confirmed positive  ( 1 from Numan and 3 from Yola North LGA )  and 10 negatives. 1 death reported in confirmed cases.
Twenty one  ( 21 )  cases of Lassa fever reported as at 3 rd March 2020, with 2 associated deaths. The cases are from MMC  ( 6 ) , Jere  ( 5 ) , Bayo  ( 4 ) , Chibok  ( 1 ) , Askira Uba  ( 1 ) , Gwoza  ( 1 ) , Biu  ( 1 ) , Mafa  ( 1 )  and Monguno  ( 1 )  Three  ( 3 )  samples tested positive while, eighteen  ( 18 )  samples were negative
The COVID 19 pandemic has resulted in the ETS postponing some key activities, such as the installation of the long awaited hybrid solar based power project, aimed to provide more reliable power supply for humanitarians in the deep field
Dr Salmah Abdulhamid on her part bemoaned the absence of adequate tools at many hospitals to care for survivors of rape which in effect weakens the prosecutorial process as evidence needed risk being eroded
Women, who make over 49% of Nigeria's population have suffered gender inequality in access to health services. Nearly 20% of all global maternal deaths occur in Nigeria. Nigeria has about 512 deaths per 100,000 live births. Many women who give birth do not receive assistance from a skilled provider, and poor women in remote areas are the least likely to receive adequate healthcare.
A total of 7.9 million people in Nigeria – more than one in two people in Borno, Yobe and Adamawa states – need humanitarian assistance in 2020.
In Borno State, most roads leading in and out of Maiduguri, the state capital, are insecure for civilians and aid workers. Across the three states, some 1.2 million people are out of reach for humanitarian organizations and deprived of much needed assistance and civil authority services.
7 January 2020, Dolori I Camp, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria. More than 400 women, men and children were forcibly displaced to the camp from villages near Jakana town, Borno State, some 40 km away. Humanitarian organizations have provided them with food assistance, malnutrition screening and health services to meet their immediate needs
More than 36,000 people have been killed since the beginning of the conflict, about half of them civilians. Since the beginning of the year, nine aid workers have lost their lives while trying to provide life saving assistance to those who desperately need it in Borno State.
More than 160,000 people have fled their homes in 2019, while insecurity and violent attacks continue to hamper the ability of people to access essential services and livelihoods. Currently, more than 7 million people remain in need of assistance in the crisis affected states of Borno, Yobe and Adamawa states.
Sexual and Gender Base Violation  ( SGBV )  remains widespread across camps and host communities. Lack of awareness of the appropriate referral pathways and the culture of silence has made it difficult for victims to come out. During FGDs, women and girls cited that engaging in daily chores like fetching water or going to the farm are factors contributing to sexual assault incidents. They claimed these activities expose them to assault by intimate partners, members of security forces as well as their fellow IDPs and returnees.
MSF conducted a rapid mid upper arm circumference  ( MUAC )  screening in Rann, which indicated 18 per cent global acute malnutrition  ( GAM )  with 4.3 per cent severe acute malnutrition  ( SAM ) . This represents a deterioration of the nutritional situation compared to the last SMART survey conducted by UNICEF.
At least 60 people were killed in 2019 alone in various communities of Rivers state, especially; Khana and Gokana local government areas.
The invasion of Kono boue community in May 2019 forced the community, especially women and children, to flee their villages.
According to locals about 11 persons, all men, have been killed in Bodo in three separate attacks this year.
An attack on GSSSS Monguno Camp has rendered an estimated 2,728 Internally Displaced Persons  ( 628 households )  homeless, after the destruction of more than 300 shelters and properties belonging to the affected individuals.
Flooding affected over 173,049 people with an estimated 19 000 displaced from over 149 communities along the banks of River Benue. This is considered the worst flooding incident since 2014.
The herdsmen attack in Hong local government area left ten deaths, over 4,392 individuals  ( 623 households )  displaced, 19 wounded cases and over 25 women and children missing.
Based on assessment by UNICEF in collaboration with Adamawa State government in November 2019, 31% of school going children are out of school. Many of the children do not have access to basic scholastic materials, limiting access to education. In addition, there are no opportunities for vocational skills to support adult learning and provide alternative livelihoods.
Civil servants in Benue have appealed to the state government to make their welfare topmost priority in 2020 to enhance their effectiveness and efficiency.
The military closed the road between Damboa and Maiduguri due to the fluid security situation along the axis. Cargo movements are only possible with military escorts which are unpredictable. All goods must get prior clearance from the military before commencing movement on the road. Many commercial trucks remain stranded for several weeks in Maiduguri waiting for clearance to deliver their goods to Damboa.
WITH 2020 being a mini election year, the Independent National Electoral Commission, INEC, does not want the controversies and misgivings that trailed past polls to recur.
The increased presence of the military in camps has raised protection concerns including sexual exploitation and abuse. Besides, two incidents of stray bullets involving a woman and a child were recorded at GGSS and Veterinary camps in November.
Michika: 301 arrivals and 35 departures were recorded in Michika LGA of Adamawa State. The arrivals include 197 from Uba ward of Askira/Uba LGA of Borno State. Other arrivals include 67 from Jambutu ward and 37 from Gwadabawa ward of Yola North LGA. The 35 departures were from Vi Boka ward. 88% of the new arrivals reported to have relocated due to improved security while 12% relocated voluntarily. The departures were all due to fear of attack.
Out of the 36,766 movements recorded, 1,942 movements were recorded from neighboring countries which composed of 1,591 IDPs and 351 Returnees. Of these arrivals, 1,568 were from Cameroon, 359 from Niger and 15 arrivals recorded from Chad . 56% of the new arrivals reported to have relocated due to poor living conditions, 43% relocated voluntarily while 1% were reportedly due to conflict and attack
The humanitarian hub in Ngala, Borno State, Northeast Nigeria was attacked on 18 January by heavily armed non state armed groups operatives. An entire section of the facility was burned down. Although no humanitarian staff was harmed, the attack illustrates a worrisome deterioration of the security environment in which humanitarian organisations operate.
This attack follows the attack on 7 January of an IDP camp in Monguno. Four people were killed, including two children and an estimated 2,728 IDPs were left homeless, after the destruction of more than 300 shelters.
There is an increase of vehicle check points set up by non state armed groups along main supply routes in the states of Borno and Yobe, which has a direct negative impact on the free movement of civilians and on the capacity of humanitarian workers to deliver aid.
There exist issues in Biafra, Shuwari 5 and Muna Da'alti camps where landowners are threatening evictions with ultimatum on the use of the land by Internally Displaced Persons  ( IDPs ) , thus exacerbating their vulnerability and the need for NFIs and shelter. Congestion in camp sites and lack of land for expansion remain the main limiting factor for sector partners to properly implement humanitarian assistance.
Ngala  On 18 January, non state armed groups stormed a humanitarian facility in Ngala town, some 124 kilometers from Maiduguri, the capital of Borno state. Although all United Nations humanitarians in the facility    including three IOM staff    were reported safe, an entire section of the facility was burned down as well as one of the few vehicles used by humanitarians to deliver aid.
In Nigeria, President Muhammadu Buhari swore in the 43 members of his new cabinet on 21 August. As in the previous cabinet, women make up 16 percent. One of them is the Minister of Finance. Among the priorities the President set for the new cabinet were the internal security challenges, the promotion of inclusive economic growth and fighting corruption. Meanwhile, on 30 October, the Supreme Court of Nigeria dismissed an appeal by the main opposition People's Democratic Party and its presidential candidate, Atiku Abubakar, to overturn the results of the presidential election held on 23 February.
The total number of IDPs in the three northeast states has slightly increased to 1.84 million people. The increase is attributed to renewed escalation of security incidents relating to the ongoing hostilities between non state armed groups  ( NSAGs )  and security forces  ( SF )  in the region.
The estimated population of Dikwa LGA is 113,9021, that includes 75,470 internally displaced persons ( IDPs ) . 81 per cent of the IDPS live in formal camps, while 19 per cent live with the host communities. 38 per cent of households are female headed in the formal camp, and 23 per cent in the host community.
In September, restrictions imposed by the military culminated in the suspension of two international non governmental organizations in Borno and Yobe states for more than five weeks, leaving nearly 400,000 people without food and other essential help. The suspension was lifted on 30 October. From 6 to 8 November, the Government of Nigeria held a workshop in Maiduguri to strengthen coordination between the Government, the military and the humanitarian community. Meanwhile, in November, during the rainy season, over 300,000 people were affected by torrential rains and flash floods and 19,000 were displaced in Adamawa State.
The occupation by NSAGs triggered a massive displacement of the population including the reported killing of over 300 people and destruction of public and private property
The security situation in the camp is relatively stable with the site secured by the military, police, immigration services and the Civilian Joint Task Force  ( CJTF ) . The camp has however previously suffered several attempted and successful attacks.
Between May and November 2018, there was a fresh wave of new displacements, leading of 2,500 new IDP arrivals in Gubio camp. More than 80 per cent of new arrivals were women and children in dire need of humanitarian assistance, especially food, shelter, WASH, and protection services.
In August 2019, Gubio camp received an additional 40HH  ( 146 individuals )  displaced as a result of attacks in Gubio town. By the end November 2019, the number had increased to 78 households  ( 205 individuals ) .
In 2017, some of the residents that are indigenes of Gwoza returned to their community. However, following an attack in Marte LGA in early 2019, some 202 households from Gwoza and Marte moved back to the camp. In June 2019 about 2,000 IDPs from Guzamala LGA started returning home citing improvement in security in their area of origin
The security situation outside of Gwoza town remains tenuous, and protection concerns are high. Freedom of movement is restricted due to a curfew as well as a six kilometer security perimeter. Further, vulnerable newly displaced people come to Gwoza town from surrounding areas that are the under control of Non State Armed Groups  ( NSAGs )  including Izge, Ngoshe, Yemeke, and Guduf. Upon arrival they are screened by the Nigerian military.
Key protection concerns highlighted by IDPs include lack of a functional court in the LGA, a police station for handling civilian cases in the LGA and lighting across IDP camps which make them feel insecure at night.
Over congestion poses serious risks of outbreak of disease and fire. Routine camp management activities include the complaint desk which is open twice a week, general sanitation conducted every Saturday and camp risk awareness is conducted by the CCCM partners to improve the security of the IDPs. At the International School  ( IS )  Camp, Mercy Corps and UNHCR have built 887 and 2,650 emergency shelters respectively in addition to the existing 1,650 emergency shelters. INTERSOS built additional 760 shelters as an extension of the Arabic Camp.
IOM erected five transitional communal tents for 323 HH  ( 2,261 individuals ) . Currently, all the IDPs have been provided with temporary shelters. However, SEMA reported that termites had damaged close to 272 shelters.
Between September and November 105 out of 227 latrines were desludged. Additional support is required to rehabilitate 13 partially damaged latrines and an additional six blocks are urgently needed to meet the needs of the IDPs.
Over the years, Boko Haram, and recently, its splinter group, Islamic State West African Province  ( ISWAP )  have been linked to the Islamic State of Iraq  ( ISIL ) . In October 2019, Abu Bakr al Baghdadi, the leader of ISIL, waskilledduring a raid by US forces in Syria. His demise and the emergence of Abu Ibrahim al Hashemi al Qurayshi as the new leader has sparked concerns of a possible reawakening of insurgents in the Northeast region. Recently, 11 Nigerian Christians were beheaded by ISWAP members inretaliationto the death of its ISIL leader Abu Bakr al Baghdadi.
Nigeria is a dangerous place to become a mother, with at least 800 women dying in every 100,000 live births. The highest maternal mortality rate is in the north east of the country, where over 1,500 women die per 100,000 live births, according toWHO. These troubling statistics have turned maternity care into an urgent concern.
Ngala: 403 arrivals were recorded in Ngala LGA of Borno State. The arrivals include 229 from Rann “A' ward and 174 from Fotokol of Cameroon. The arrivals were all due to poor living conditions.
There were ten suspected cases of Cerebrospinal Meningitis  ( CSM )  reported from five LGAs in three states  ( Cross River – 4, Ebonyi – 2 & Katsina – 4 ) . None was laboratory confirmed and one death was recorded
Households in Northeastern Nigeria affected by the Boko Haram conflict continue to rely on humanitarian aid for food access and remain in Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 ) , and Emergency  ( IPC Phase 4 )  particularly in Borno State and incidentally Yobe State. In adjacent areas that remain inaccessible to humanitarian actors, the food security situation could be similar or worse.
Despite this, hundreds of thousands of Nigerians, most of them women and children, have been evicted from their homes, often experiencing brutal force  ( including the lethal use of firearms, arson, arbitrary arrest and assault ) , which has resulted in deaths, injuries, miscarriages and stillbirths and inflicted unimaginable suffering and trauma among the most vulnerable parts of Nigerian society.
Most evictions occur with little or no notice, with no consultation with the communities, with inadequate or no compensation and/or resettlement and result in homelessness and further impoverishment. In many instances, evictees relocate to other informal settlements, where they are evicted a second or third time, and then still face the continual threat of eviction.
In recent weeks, we have seen an upsurge in violent attacks from non state armed groups and an increasing trend of illegal checkpoints on major supply and commercial routes directly targeting civilians, authorities and aid workers in Borno State. Over the past year, 180,000 civilians have been forced to leave everything behind in search of safety and basic services, some of them for the second or third time.
An increase in violence caused 160,000 people to flee their home in 2019. Food availability is deteriorating, with 50% of households in Borno state at risk of not having enough food to eat. Nutrition monitoring in Borno state shows that there has been a steady increase of acute malnutrition cases in children since 2017. The food and nutritional situation could potentially deteriorate if sustained humanitarian assistance is not provided.
Communities in north west Nigeria face dire living conditions due to a surge in attacks in 2019 from groups in the region. It drove 42,000 Nigerians to seek refuge in Niger and a further 200,000 to look for safety elsewhere in Nigeria. The level of severe child malnutrition in the area is at emergency levels.
There are 7.7 million people in need of humanitarian assistance in north east Nigeria. Since the start of the fighting between non state armed groups and the Nigerian army in 2009, more than 36,000 people have been killed, and thousands of women and girls have been abducted. There is widespread forced displacement and violations of international humanitarian law.
The closure of Nigeria's land border with Benin and Niger has severely limited trade since the end of August 2019. This has led to economic and food losses, not only in neighbouring countries but also in other countries such as Côte d'Ivoire and Togo. While livestock prices are relatively stable, insecurity persists in several countries in the Sahel and the closure of the Nigerian border will negatively affect the trade of livestock.
Despite humanitarian assistance, the food and nutrition situation of internally displaced people  ( IDPs )  and refugees remains a major concern, due to limited resources, continued displacement and difficult humanitarian access. More than a third, or 262 000 people living in IDP camps in nine local government areas  ( LGAs )  in Borno State, Nigeria, are in a food crisis or worse  ( phases 3 5 ) ; similarly, 17 000 of the 70 000 Malian refugees in five official camps in Niger are in need of increased urgent assistance.
Six  ( 6 )  cases of Lassa fever reported as at 26th January 2020, with 2 associated deaths. The cases are from Bolori I  ( 1 ) , Wulari Jerusalem  ( 1 ) , Bakassi IDP camp  ( 1 ) , State specialist hospital Maiduguri  ( 1 )  from MMC LGA, and 1 case from a new location in Bayo LGA of Borno state. Two  ( 2 )  samples tested positive while, four  ( 4 )  samples were negative.
As at the 24th of January 2020, 195 confirmed cases and 29 deaths had been reported in 11 states. Of the confirmed cases, 89% are from Ondo, Edo and Ebonyi States. The increase in the number of cases at this time of the year is not unusual due to ecological factors.
There has been a decline in the case fatality rate of reported Lassa fever cases from 23.4% in 2019 to 14.8% this year. NCDC continues to support treatment centres across states in the country to effectively manage Lassa fever cases.
The Lassa fever outbreak in Nigeria is still ongoing. Since our last report in week 16 of 2019  ( week ending 21 April 2019 )  sporadic cases have continued to be reported across 86 Local Government Areas  ( LGAs )  in 23 states, resulting in a cumulative total of 793 confirmed cases reported between 1 January and 1 December 2019. A significant upsurge in the number of cases was noted in the first three weeks of 2020.
Between 1 and 19 January 2020, a cumulative total of 398 suspected cases was reported nationally. Among these, a total of 163 confirmed cases was identified from 32 LGAs in nine states, with the majority of confirmed cases reported from Edo  ( 38% ) , Ondo  ( 38% )  and Ebonyi  ( 11% )  states.
Seven  ( 7 )  cases of Lassa fever reported as at 27th January 2020, with 2 associated deaths. The cases are from Bolori I  ( 1 ) , Wulari Jerusalem  ( 1 ) , Bakassi IDP camp  ( 1 ) , State specialist hospital Maiduguri  ( 1 )  from MMC LGA, and 1 case from a new location in Bayo LGA of Borno state. Two  ( 2 )  samples tested positive while, four  ( 4 )  samples were negative. 1 suspected was reported from London ciki area of Jere LGA.
Livelihood and food access indicators suggest better conditions in Marte compared to the other LGAs. Many of Kala/Balge's indicators varied, which may be reflective of shifting access and involvement of humanitarian actors in the Rann area. Findings indicate that, of the three assessed more northern LGAs, settlements in Ngala faced the most challenging food access circumstances.
Eight  ( 8 )  cases of Lassa fever reported as at 29th January 2020, with 2 associated deaths. The cases are from Bolori I  ( 1 ) , Wulari Jerusalem  ( 1 ) , Bakassi IDP camp  ( 1 ) , State specialist hospital Maiduguri  ( 1 )  from MMC LGA, and 1 case from a new location in Bayo LGA of Borno state. Two  ( 2 )  samples tested positive while, five  ( 5 )  samples were negative. 1 suspected case reported from Jaragol ward of Bayo LGA is pending in laboratory
From 20 – 26 January 2020, a total of 3,070 movements were recorded, composed of 2,396 arrivals and 674 departures. Arrivals were recorded at locations in Maiduguri Metropolitan Council, Askira/Uba, Bama, Biu, Damboa, Dikwa, Gwoza, Jere, Konduga, Mobbar and Ngala Local Government Areas  ( LGAs )  of Borno State. Arrivals were also recorded in Demsa, Fufore, Girei, Gombi, Hong, Maiha, Michika, Mubi North, Mubi South, Numan, Song, Yola North and Yola South LGAs of Adamawa State. Departures were recorded in Askira/Uba, Dikwa, Gwoza and Kala/Balge LGAs of Borno State. Departures were also recorded in Demsa, Fufore, Gombi, Hong, Madagali, Maiha, Michika, Mubi North, Mubi South, Numan, Song and Yola South LGAs of Adamawa State
Hon. Commissioner for Health declared outbreak of Lassa Fever in the state • EOC has been activated • One death  ( confirmed case )  was given safe and dignified burial • 43 contacts identified  ( 42 being followed and one lost to follow up )
From January 6 to 12 ETT IOM reported 3,071 population movements, including 2,400 arrivals and 671 departures to urban areas in Borno and Adamawa States. 700 persons arrived at Ngala LGA, while 301 arrived at Michika in Adamawa State and 196 in Bama LGA. Movement is mainly triggered by poor living conditions, voluntary relocation and fear of attacks. From October to December 2019 over 3,200 IDPs arrived in Ngala and a similar number arrived in Askira/Uba LGA in Borno State. Almost 1000 new arrivals from inaccessible areas were recorded within the same period
Five  ( 5 )  suspected cases of Lassa fever reported as at 31st January, 2020 with 1 death. 1 sample from Numan LGA tested positive and 4 tested negative.
In the host community, 569 latrines are required to meet the SPHERE standards of one latrine for 50 people. Dumping sites are being treated to mitigate any disease outbreak.
For settlements that reported the presence of IDPs, the most commonly reported shelter type was makeshift shelters in September in Bama  ( 37% )  and Gwoza  ( 72% ) . The most often reported location where IDPs were living in September was within the host community in Dikwa  ( 61% )  and Gwoza  ( 43% ) . At least some IDPs were reported to be sleeping outside without any shelter in about 20% of assessed settlements in Dikwa and Gwoza in September.
Host communities and Internally Displaced Persons  ( IDPs )  appeared to be living peacefully and in similar shelter types in assessed H2R areas. Assessed settlements reported most people were living in makeshift shelters or tents, indicating high shelter needs across population groups.   Access to educational services, particularly formal education, was reported to be limited in most LGAs. In September, only 44% of assessed settlements reported access to any educational service.
In line with the relatively greater levels of farming cultivation indicated, the proportion of assessed settlements in Bama reporting people eating wild foods that are not normally part of their diet was cosistently one of the lowest of all LGAs  ( 70% in September ) . Despite being one of the lowest rates among the LGAs, the majority of assessed settlements still reported that most people were resorting to eating wild foods they do not normally eat, suggesting that the amount of food people who were able to cultivate was not sufficient. FGD participants revealed that people were using wild leaves to make soup for a meal and, similar to in Dikwa, digging up ant holes to eat the grains stored in them. FGD participants also reported people resorting to eating seeds they would have otherwise used for farming, reducing the amount they will be able to farm in the future.
Indicative of a changing conflict setting, the reporting on incidents of conflict that resulted in the death of a civilian varied throughout the reporting period. In Dikwa, no assessed settlements reported an incident of this kind in June, however from July September between 21%  39% of assessed settlements reported an incident in which a civilian was killed. Similarly, between 25% and 47% of assessed settlements in Bama reported incidents of conflict in which a civilian was killed from July September. A decreasing pattern in the proportion of assessed settlements reporting incidents was observed in Gwoza throughout the reporting period, from 60% in June to less than 5% in August and September.
Assessed settlements in Dikwa and Gwoza consistently reported the lowest levels of incidents of looting in which most of a household's property was stolen  ( 13% in Dikwa and 3% in Gwoza in September ) . In line with reports from FGD participants of harvests being stolen, Bama consistently had the highest proportion of settlements reporting incidents of looting  ( 74% in September ) .
Indicative of pre existing structural development challenges, the reported main barrier to accessing healthcare in assessed settlements in Bama, Dikwa and Marte was that there were never any facilities  ( 65% 89% in September ) . In Gwoza, assessed settlements reported that the primary reason for the absence of facilities was that they were destroyed during the conflict  ( 64% in September ) . In Kala/Balge the primary reason reported for the lack of healthcare services is that there were no available staff  ( 55% in September ) .
In September, most of the host community who had never been displaced was reported to be living in the bush in Bama  ( 63% ) , in homes other than their original home in Gwoza  ( 60% )  and Kala/Balge  ( 57% ) , and in Dikwa the response was split between another home  ( 36% )  and their proper home  ( 42% ) .
Eight  ( 8 )  cases of Lassa fever reported as at 31st January 2020, with 2 associated deaths. The cases are from Bolori I  ( 1 ) , Wulari Jerusalem  ( 1 ) , Bakassi IDP camp  ( 1 ) , State specialist hospital Maiduguri  ( 1 )  from MMC LGA, and 1 case from a new location in Bayo LGA of Borno state. Two  ( 2 )  samples tested positive while, six  ( 6 )  samples were negative. The suspected case reported from Jaragol ward of Bayo LGA is negative
The round 29 IOM DTM assessment conducted from August to October 2019 revealed an increase in population displacement across the northeast where over 2 million people remain displaced. Almost 1.5 million of these IDPs are in Borno state and over 196,000 and 141,000 others are in Adamawa and Yobe states. Substantial populations of Borno, northern Adamawa and southern Yobe States will continue to face Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  and Emergency  ( IPC Phase 4 )  outcomes. Populations in hard to reach areas are likely facing similar or worse food security situation relative to adjoining accessible areas.
Ngala: 609 arrivals were recorded in Ngala LGA of Borno State. The arrivals include 609 from Rann “A' ward. The arrivals were all due to poor living conditions.
Jere: 229 arrivals were recorded in Jere LGA of Borno State. The arrivals include 27 from Addamari/Ngudua ward and were tracked in Old Maiduguri ward. Other arrivals include 114 from Monguno ward of Monguno LGA and 88 from Gaji Ganna ward of Magumeri LGA. The arrivals were all due to fear of attack.
Bama: 213 arrivals were recorded in Bama LGA of Borno State. The arrivals include 15 from Abbaram ward and were tracked in Shehuri/Hausari/Mairi ward. Other arrivals include 159 from Mora of Cameroon and 39 from Dikwa Central ward of Dikwa LGA. 93% of the new arrivals reported to have relocated voluntarily while 7% were reportedly due to poor living conditions.
An exhaustive nutrition screening using monitoring of symptoms of acute malnutrition mid upper arm circumference  ( MUAC )  and Oedema was conducted by Nutrition Sector partners for 228 children of 6 59 months. Of the 228 children screened, the MUAC reading was: 7 children  ( 1 from Inaccessible and 6 from an accessible area )  in the Red category, 8 in the Yellow category and 213 measured in the Green category. No cases of Oedema were reported in the 4 LGAs that reports were received from.
Overall, the 2019 Nigeria MSNA identified an estimated 6.91 million of individuals with an MSNI score of 3 or 4  ( severe or extreme severity of needs )  – with the epicentre of the crisis reflected in the 3.13 million individuals with severe or extreme severity of needs in Borno State  ( or 72% of all households ) , followed by 2.23 million in Adamawa State  ( 71% of all households ) , and 1.55 million in Yobe State  ( 63% of all households )