nlp-thedeep/humsetbias huggingface dataset:
“ ( 2.18 )  De manera adicional, la prueba de ubicación, regulada en la Resolución Viceministerial N° 025 2019 MINEDU en su numeral 7.5, indica que es el reconocimiento oficial de los aprendizajes alcanzados o logrados independientemente y que no cuentan con los requisitos necesarios para la convalidación ni revalidación. También comprende a los estudiantes provenientes del extranjero que no cuenten con los documentos requeridos para la convalidación o revalidación de estudios. Por lo tanto, los menores nacionales y extranjeros que no tengan documentos en los que indique el logro de sus aprendizajes, el director de IE pública es el único responsable de autorizar la evaluación de ubicación y encarga el proceso a la Comisión de Calidad, Innovación y Aprendizajes.'
La carencia de un estatus migratorio regular, siendo transversal a todas las poblaciones en situación de vulnerabilidad, limita, qué duda cabe, el acceso a servicios básicos –al sistema educativo, al sistema sanitario, a las oportunidades de empleo y a la justicia peruanos . Sin embargo, también se ha recogido información sobre la aplicación de reglas difusas e informales respecto a la nacionalidad y ascendencia nacional de los niños que terminan vulnerando sus derechos. Se registró que ese tipo de “reglas', concebidas y aplicadas por los actores y agentes de los servicios públicos como el SIS del MINSA, tuvieron como resultado el denegar el acceso a la atención en salud a un niño nacido en Perú de padres venezolanos.
Por el lado de la oferta de trabajo, hay un grupo importante de la población de refugiados y migrantes venezolanos que no tienen la documentación de identidad necesaria que los habilita a trabajar. Este es un problema de regularización que debe ser atendido tomando en consideración las importantes ganancias económicas  ( productividad ) , sociales  ( bienestar y menor carga social ) , y sanitarias de su incorporación a la vida económica. Por el lado de la demanda de trabajo, no todos los empleadores conocen cuáles son los documentos necesarios para contratar formalmente a un extranjero y no sienten la confianza de emplear a quienes cuenten con estos documentos. Asimismo, encontramos que algunas plataformas no contemplan la documentación de los solicitantes de refugio, tales como la plataforma SIVICE del Ministerio de Trabajo o el registro en planilla de la SUNAT, vulnerando el acceso al trabajo que está contemplado en la Ley del Refugiado y su reglamento. En tal sentido, resulta fundamental realizar acciones concretas de sensibilización y difusión de esta información entre los empleadores por parte de la autoridad nacional de empleo.
Los indicadores de violencia familiar y sexual reportados a través de los resúmenes estadísticos del CEM y de la Línea 100 tampoco logran identificar los casos particulares de la población refugiada y migrante venezolana, así como tampoco se incluye la pregunta de nacionalidad en la ENDES; en ese sentido, resulta de enorme relevancia que los sistemas de información existentes puedan aproximarse detalladamente al fenómeno, describiendo los casos de violencia contra las mujeres refugiadas y migrantes, tanto de nacionalidad venezolana como de otras nacionalidades, con el objetivo de diseñar políticas orientadas a reducir las vulnerabilidades de las mujeres, niñas, niños y adolescentes.
En ese sentido, es de enorme relevancia describir, caracterizar y cuantificar de manera sistemática y periódica los casos de violencia contra las mujeres, niñas, niños y adolescentes particularmente de la población refugiada y migrante venezolana en el Perú, específicamente sobre las características sociodemográficas y económicas de las personas que denuncian ser víctimas de casos de violencia, los tipos de violencia de las que son víctimas, las características de los agresores, las circunstancias en las que estos hechos ocurren, entre otros aspectos a indagar. Cabe resaltar que las formas cómo opera la violencia en el caso de las mujeres refugiadas y migrantes venezolanas puede presentar características, causas y consecuencias particulares; por lo tanto, resulta relevante generar información adecuada y enfocada en esta población para diseñar estrategias efectivas para reducir el riesgo de que se presenten estos casos.
There were three suspected cases of monkeypox reported from two LGAs in two states  ( Oyo – 1 & Rivers – 2 )
THE Chairman, Plateau State Relief Committee, Mr. David Wuyep, has assured internally displaced persons, IDPs, in the state of the government's commitment to alleviating their suffering and returning them to their ancestral homes. The first batch of the IDPs from Gashish district of Barkin Ladi local council, last December, returned to their homes.
o Two new cases reported from 30th September to 4th October, 2019  ( both cases, each from Yola North and Yola South LGAs were recorded on 2nd October, 2019 ) . o Total case count now stands at 782 with 4 deaths. CFR=0.51% o No new settlement or ward has been infected.
Revenue Mobilisation and Fiscal Allocation Commission, RMAFC, has lamented that Nigeria is currently not benefitting from existing Joint Venture Contracts, JVCs, disclosing that the country is currently losing $14.235 billion annually in revenue from JVs.
As many as 39 related attacks by Non State Armed Groups  ( NSAGs )  were recorded in Borno and Yobe states during January 2019. Perpetrators targeted civilian and military infrastructure leading to the general deterioration of the security situation in Borno and Yobe states. The increasing volatility and unpredictable security situation is impacting the humanitarian response as more people are being displaced on a daily basis. Between November 2018 and January 31st, 2019, nearly 80,000 persons have been displaced. On 28 January, NSAGs attacked Rann and set ablaze several houses including the Humanitarian Hub and warehouses for humanitarian supplies. A military convoy was ambushed in Dikwa, Borno State, with several soldiers reported to be among the casualties.On February 1, NSAGs ambushed several civilian convoys and abducted an unspecified number of people along the Damaturu Biu highway in Yobe State.
Armed men yesterday blocked the Kaduna Abuja highway, opened fire on some vehicles and abducted two people. The attack was said to have occurred at about 3pm around Katari village which resulted to the death of one person.Spokesman of the Kaduna State Police Command, DSP Yakubu Sabo, said the attackers kidnapped the Chairman of the Universal Basic Education Commission  ( UBEC )  Muhammad Abubakar and his daughter while his driver was shot dead.
Cadbury led the price gainers rising by 10 percent or N1.10 to close at N12.10, followed by Mutual Benefits Assurance which went up by 8.7 percent or 2 kobo to close at N0.25. NASCON garnered 8.5 percent or N1.70 to close at N21.70, followed by Union Dicon which rose by 3.45 percent or N0.01 to close at N0.30 and NPF Microfinance Bank which went up by 3.23 percent or 5 kobo to close at N1.60 per share. Conversely, Cornerstone Insurance led the cream of losers dropping by 8.70 percent or 2 kobo to close at N0.21, followed by Sterling Bank Plc which depreciated by 8.51 percent or 20 kobo to close at N2.15. Abbey Plc declined 8.16 percent or 8 kobo to close at N0.90, followed by Japaul Oil which declined by 4.76 percent or one kobo to close at N0.20 while Wapic Insurance nosedived by 4.76 percent or 2 kobo to close at N0.40.
At the national level, viral suppression among people living with HIV aged 15–49 years stands at 42.3%  ( 45.3% among women and 34.5% among men ) . The new data differentiate HIV prevalence by state, indicating an epidemic that is having a greater impact in certain areas of the country. The South South zone of the country has the highest HIV prevalence, at 3.1% among adults aged 15–49 years. HIV prevalence is also high in the North Central zone  ( 2.0% )  and in the South East zone  ( 1.9% ) . HIV prevalence is lower in the South West zone  ( 1.1% ) , the North East zone  ( 1.1% )  and the North West zone  ( 0.6% ) .
March 7: Sectarian violence led to twenty deaths in Bassa, Kogi. March 7: Election related violence resulted in two deaths in Lagos State, Lagos. March 7: Election related violence resulted in one death in Ifo, Ogun. March 7: Bandits killed twenty in Bukkuyum, Zamfara. March 8: Election related violence resulted in two deaths in Ojo, Lagos. March 8: Seven soldiers and thirty eight Boko Haram militants were killed in a clash in Diffa, Niger. March 8: Nigerian troops killed "many" bandits  ( estimated at twenty )  in Bukkuyum, Zamfara. March 8: Nigerian troops repelled a Boko Haram attack in Mafa, Borno, killing "scores"  ( estimated at twenty four )  of militants.
There were 26 suspected cases of Cerebrospinal Meningitis  ( CSM )  reported from ten LGAs in six states  ( Adamawa – 1, Delta – 1, Katsina – 16, Plateau – 4, Sokoto – 3 & Yobe – 1 ) . None was laboratory confirmed and no death was recorded.
There were 98 suspected cases of Yellow Fever  ( YF )  reported from 71 LGAs in 19 states and FCT. There were ten laboratory confirmed cases and one death was recorded.
There were 15 suspected cases of Cholera reported from three LGAs in two states  ( Adamawa – 7 & Borno – 8 ) . There were seven laboratory confirmed cases and no death was recorded.
At least 10,000 refugees reportedly returned to Rann town, Kala/Balge local government area, from Cameroon today, 27 February 2019. These civilians are among 40,3861 Nigerian women, men and children who originally fled Rann following deadly attacks in December 2018 and January 2019. Reports from sources on the ground indicate that hundreds more are en route to Rann from Cameroon  ( 8 kilometers )  by foot. All these people are in dire need of humanitarian assistance, including shelter, food and safe water.
The latest Global Report On Trafficking In Persons by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime  ( UNODC ) found that young boys and girls were among those most trafficked in the region.
While Benin's poverty hovers at about 40 percent, a report released in 2018 by theWorld Poverty Clocksaid in Nigeria a total of 86.9 million people are living in extreme poverty.
In between December 2018 and mid February 2019, over 80,000 persons have been newly displaced and are trying to find succor in camps and host communities that are already overburdened by existing demands. The recent spike in the numbers has led to increased pressure on resources and infrastructure in Maiduguri town and other local government areas such as Monguno, Konduga and Jere. Food, essential household items, water, shelter, access to medical care and an environment where sanitation is easy to maintain remain the most pressing concerns for the displaced populations.
“International and national humanitarian organization have not been able to return to Rann to provide humanitarian assistance due to ongoing insecurity since January 17, 2019. In these conditions, it is difficult to imagine a safe return of the refugees who are in need of vital assistance,' says Shashwat Saraf, Action Against Hunger Country Director in Nigeria. The women, men, and children who fled Rann are in dire need of humanitarian assistance, including shelter, food, and clean water. In January, Action Against Hunger carried out a nutrition assessment of refugees who had fled near Goura, Cameroon. The results showed that severe acute malnutrition levels among children under five years old are more than double the World Health Organization's emergency threshold.
A total of 281 security related incidents have been reported for the month. Of these incidents, 71% took place in Borno, almost 18% transpired in Adamawa and the remaining 11% happened in Yobe.
Data from FMDQ showed that the indicative exchange rate for the window dropped to N361.72 per dollar yesterday from N362.58 per dollar on Tuesday translating to 86 kobo appreciation of the naira. The appreciation was in spite 21 percent decline in volume of dollars traded which fell to $348.48 million yesterday from $441.38 million on Tuesday. The naira however remained stable at N358 per dollar in the parallel market.
According to him, the federation has not benefited significantly from the respective JVCs due to continuous decline in crude oil production, arising from pipeline vandalism, asset integrity issues and general low investment in JV crude production over time. He said: “Currently, JV crude oil production dropped from 1.8 million barrels per day to between 700,000 and 900,000 bpd leading to loss of revenue of about $14.235 billion annually.'
Election related violence has claimed the lives of 27 and injured many more as polling stations and counting centres come under attack across the country. There were explosions on the polling day in Maiduguri, the capital of Borno State, which has come under repeated attacks by Boko Haram. > In December, Amnesty International released a report outlining Nigeria as an area of severe concern as communal violence in the Middle Belt region escalates. President Buhari expressed his concern over Amnesty International's ‘activities', days after the government temporarily banned UNICEF over claims it was training spies sympathetic to Boko Haram.
> According to The Guardian, more than 9,000 refugees crossed the border into Bodo, Cameroon, after attacks by Boko Haram killed at least fourteen people in January. Refugees were sent back to Nigeria, where Boko Haram Islamists pose a continuing threat to civilians. > The 2018 Corruption Perceptions Index  ( CPI ) , released in January, listed Nigeria among the highest ranking countries in corruption practices. CPI analysis shows that many democratic institutions are under threat across the globe, especially in countries under governments with authoritarian tendencies. The global community needs to do “more to strengthen checks and balances to protect civilians', according to the report.
In a chat with Vanguard, the leadership of National Association of Nigerian Students, NANS said the industrial action by both unions has not only hindered their academic pursuits, but it has also disenfranchised about 22.3million students who had registered at the INEC offices nearest to their institutions. Its president, Comrade Danielson Bamidele Akpan said: ‘'The continuous strike action by both ASUU and ASUP has not only brought increased pain on students and their parents, it is now seen by us as a deliberate ploy to disenfranchise our members, especially those who registered within their school environments and are presently in their various homes.
December 2018 Amnesty releases report highlighting communal violence in the Middle Belt region UNICEF is temporarily banned as President Buhari expresses concerns over false claims of allegiance to Boko Haram.
Amnesty International blamed the failure of the Nigerian authorities to investigate communal clashes and bring perpetrators to justice for the escalation of violence between farming communities and Fulani herdsmen. Amnesty estimates that the conflict has cost 3,600 lives over the course of three years, with 2018 being the worst on record.  300,000 people have been displaced since conflicts were renewed in the Middle Belt region.
The reason for this shift towards more involvement of men in collection of firewood is the high rate of protection issues faced during the past years. Information collected during focus group discussions revealed that host community members, IDPs and returnees are organizing the search for firewood differently, in this way adapting to the ongoing conflict situation. These coping mechanisms can have an impact on the local power relations between men and women. It is clear that protection risks related to the collection of firewood remain a major issue and require particular attention of actors in conflictaffected areas in terms of prevention and response.
January 2019 The Federal Special Anti Robbery Squad  ( FSARS )  is disbanded, Amnesty Director calls for further action. Refugees fleeing violence in north east are sent back into country by Cameroon. 2018 Corruption Perception Index  ( CPI )  is released, listing Nigeria among other high ranking countries. Boko Haram Insurgency continues to rage in the north east.
Nnewi The International Society for the Civil Liberties and the Rule of Law, Intersociety has demanded a compensation of $4.1 billion from the Federal Government over its alleged sponsor of the massacre of over 480 civilians in South East.In a statement issued by the chairman of the Board of Trustees of the group, Emeka Umeagbalasi, the organisation alleged that the present administration allegedly sponsored the massacre which was done by two categories of perpetrators.It said that “a total compensation or reparatory payment of $4.1 billion is for the vicarious and direct involvement of the present Federal Government and the security chiefs and other public office holders in the mindless, wicked, ruthless, brutal, genocidal, unlawful and indefensible massacre of no fewer than 480 unarmed and defenseless citizens and injuring of over 500 others during military operations in Eastern Nigeria between 30th August 2015 and 14th September 2017.
A recent upsurge in armed violence has uprooted tens of thousands of people across the Lake Chad Basin, driving forced displacement to the highest levels since the crisis erupted almost a decade ago. As of April 2019, more than 2.5 million were displaced in the region. A series of attacks on Rann town in north east Nigeria near the border with Cameroon uprooted more than 40,000 people.The displaced fled to neighbouring Cameroon for safety. In February, around 30,000 of them had returned to Rann under military escort.
 Approximately 22,400 newly displaced individuals fleeing violence in northern Borno arrived at the Teachers Village Camp, located in Borno's capital city of Maiduguri, between early November 2018 and late February, bringing the total camp population to 31,000 people three times the camp's capacity, according to the UN.
On February 7, a cooking stove related fire in Stadium IDP camp in Borno's Monguno LGA resulted in three deaths, destroyed approximately 1,300 shelters, and damaged eight blocks of latrines and six bathing facilities. Relief actors estimate that the fire affected more than 7,800 people and increased relief commodity, shelter, and food assistance needs.
Ngala: 283 arrivals were recorded in Ngala LGA of Borno state. These include 206 arrivals from Gura on Makari ward of Marwa in Cameroon and 77 arrivals from Rann ward of Kala Balge LGA in Borno state. 73% of the new arrivals reported to have relocated due to poor living condi�ons and 27% due to the ongoing conflict. Bama: 76 arrivals were recorded in Bama LGA of Borno state. These include 13 arrivals from Wudula and Buduwa wards tracked at GSSSS camp and Banki IDP camp in Bama LGA, 23 arrivals from Darajama ward and 4 arrivals from Soye ward of Bama LGA tracked a GSSSS camp in Shehuri ward of Bama LGA, 7 arrivals from Jango in Dure ward of Gwoza LGA and 29 arrivals from Mokolo ward of Marwa in Cameroon. 45% of the new arrivals reported to have relocated due to poor living condi�ons while 55% relocated voluntarily.
89.5 percent of the people interviewed indicated that they face challenges related to nutrition as a result of an insufficient access to energy resources. A number of coping strategies exist.
Following recent deadly attacks in the city of Rann, Nigeria, 40,000 women, men, and children were forced to flee their homes. Now, at least 10,000 of those displaced people are reportedly returning to Borno State. Action Against Hunger warns that current conditions in Rann do not guarantee that refugees will be allowed to return safely. In Northeast Nigeria, civilians continue to pay a heavy price for the nearly decade long conflict, which has resulted in broad, forced displacement of the population. Since December 2018, Rann has been attacked at least four times by non state armed groups. According to the latest report from the UN's Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Agencies  ( OCHA ) , clinics and humanitarian facilities have been targeted, looted, and destroyed.
Skipping of meals, which can lead to malnutrition especially in children  ( indicated by 81.2 percent )  • Switching to less nutritious food products with shorter cooking times  ( indicated by 42.2 percent )  • Selling and/or trading of food to obtain cooking fuel  ( indicated by 33.1 percent )  • Undercooking of food, which increases the risk of foodborne illnesses  ( indicated by 29.7 percent )  • Insufficient boiling of water, resulting in consumption of contaminated water  ( indicated by 16.5 percent )
Communal violence coupled with violence from cult groups in the South South continues to create problems of displacement and unemployment for community members. In addition, the influx of Cameroonians into communities of Cross Rivers state increased the complexity of the humanitarian situation in this area.
In Goronyo LGA, Sokoto state, for example, serious health issues among children, including cases of severe malnutrition and skin infections reported by health workers. While local Nigerian Red Cross volunteers, engaged by the local governments, provide some humanitarian assistance in the camps, there is a clear absence of humanitarian/protection actors.
February 28: Three soldiers, one civilian, and "many"  ( estimated at twenty )  Boko Haram militants were killed during a clash in Jere, Borno. February 28: Bandits killed sixteen CJTF and sixteen others in Shinkafi, Zamfara. February 28: The Islamic State claimed to have killed ten Nigerian soldiers in Tdmari, Borno  ( no LGA given ) . March 1: Herdsmen killed one in Numan, Adamawa.
The results also include 75 children from neighbouring Cameroon, Chad and Niger  ( 25 moved to Bama, 35 to Mobbar, and 15 to Ngala ) . Out of the 62 children measured, 1 child was in the red category, 54 were in the green category and 7 children were in the yellow category. All children found with severe acute malnutrition have been admitted for treatment.
As reported by the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs  ( OCHA ) , at least 10,000 Internally Displaced People  ( IDP )  reportedly returned to Rann town, Kala/Balge local government area, from Cameroon on 27 February 2019. These civilians are among 40,386 Nigerians who originally fled Rann following deadly attacks in December 2018 and January 2019. International and national humanitarian organizations have not been able to return to Rann to provide humanitarian assistance due to ongoing insecurity since 17 January 2019.
Meanwhile, Nigeria Union of Petroleum and Natural Gas Workers, NUPENG, and its Petroleum and Natural Gas Senior Staff Association, PENGASSAN, counterpart, have commended the flag off and official commencement of crude oil search in the Kolmani Well River II, located near Barambu, Alkaleri Local Government Area of Bauchi State. The two unions noted that this latest milestone recorded by the government of President Muhammadu Buhari was undoubtedly a reflection of his government's resolve and commitment to grow Nigeria's economy, boost capacity and provide energy sufficiency, strengthen Nigeria's oil and gas industry.
October 1: Gunmen killed a PDP chieftain, a vigilante leader, and one other in Mubi South, Adamawa. October 2: Gunmen abducted two in Bonny, Rivers. October 2: Gunmen killed two in Kuge, FCT.
A wave of increasingly sophisticated militant attacks in northeastern Nigeria has forced almost 60,000 people to flee since November, the largest number for more than two years, raising fears from the UN and aid groups of a renewed Boko Haram crisis. More than half of those who fled escaped a series of Boko Haram attacks in the remote town of Rann, near the border with Cameroon, in January. The violence – which killed dozens of people – sparked two large waves of displacement across the border. Thousands of the Nigerian refugees were forcibly returned by the Cameroonian authorities.
Cameroon fears infiltration by Boko Haram, who have mounted scores of attacks since 2014 in the country's Far North Region – typically suicide bombings. Cameroon's military has recently reported a resurgence in Boko Haram activity along its border with Nigeria and said there were five attacks in the region in January alone.
On 28 January, Rann residents' worst fears were confirmed when at least 60 people were killed in the deadliest attack yet on the town by Boko Haram, who also destroyed hundreds of shelters for displaced people. Cameroon, which hosts more than 370,000 refugees – 100,000 from Nigeria – turned back the first wave of refugees from Rann, in a move reminiscent of previous actions that saw tens of thousands of Nigerians forcibly returned between 2015 and 2017.
March 23: Boko Haram killed seven Nigeriens and kidnapped two in Diffa, Niger. March 24: Herdsmen killed two in Akwanga, Nassarawa. March 25: A Catholic priest was kidnapped in Kachia, Kaduna. March 25: Sectarian violence resulted in "many"  ( estimated at ten )  deaths in Izzi, Cross River. March 25: A Boko Haram landmine killed thirteen soldiers in Gwoza, Borno
o Ten  ( 8 )  new cases were reported from 16th – 26th November, 2019 from Yola North, Yola South and Girei LGAs. o Total case count now stands at 836 with 4 deaths. CFR=0.48%
Weakened family structures and social services in Nigeria's north eastern states affected by the ongoing conflict has exposed children to several protection risks, especially children below the age of ten, who make up more than half, fifty two per cent  ( 52% )  of the verified caseload.
There were 119 suspected cases of AFP reported from 99 LGAs in 26 states and FCT. None was laboratory confirmed and no death was recorded .
A total of 28 cholera cases were reported from 1st – 31st October 2019. Total case count as at 31st October, 2019 was 810 with 4 deaths ICCM In the month of October 2019.
Boko Haram split into two factions in mid 2016. One is led by Abu Mus'ab Al Barnawi and largely focuses on attacking military and government targets, while the other, led by Abubakar Shekau, is notorious for suicide bombings and indiscriminate killings of civilians.
May 20: Herdsmen killed one in Aniocha South, Delta. May 20: Gunmen killed one policeman and two others in Wukari, Taraba. May 20: Boko Haram killed twenty Nigerian troops in Gubio, Borno; five militants were also killed.
In 2017 alone, 881 children were killed or maimed in Boko Haram related violence, although not always at the hands of the militant group. The Nigerian military killed more than 200 minors in a miscalculated military attack on a displaced persons camp. About 1.4 million children have so far been displaced, 1 400 schools have been destroyed, and 2 295 teachers killed, according to the UN.
May 21: Bandits killed eighteen in Batsari, Katsina. May 21: Bandits killed five in Danmusa, Katsina. May 21: Bandits killed eleven in Faskari, Katsina. May 21: Sectarian violence led to seven deaths in Itu, Akwa Ibom.
Access to affected populations was also a challenge for humanitarian workers as the only means of transport is the UN Humanitarian Air Service  ( UNHAS )  which is usually overbooked due to huge demands from UN/humanitarian agencies delivering protection and assistance in the deep field. The situation makes deep field monitoring unpredictable.
A survey conducted by Nigeria's Bureau of Statistics and UNICEF shows millions of households in Nigeria do not have access to clean water sources. While the supply of clean water in Nigeria has improved recently, 3 in 10 people still lack access. According to aid agencies, 60 million Nigerians, or 33 percent of the population, do not have access to clean water.Like many other states in Nigeria's northern region, the federal district of Abuja lies on the fringes of the Sahel desert. That means in the dry season when the water level is low, sources like this could dry up, leaving thousands here who rely on it daily in dire need.
May 24: Nigerian troops killed "several"  ( estimated at ten )  Boko Haram militants in Kukawa, Borno.
Overall, half of IDPs reported that their homes in their villages of origin have been destroyed. The reported rates of home destruction varied significantly amongst LGAs, with higher levels in Kaga  ( 70% ) , Dikwa  ( 60% )  and Mafa  ( 65% ) , and lower levels in Hawul  ( 32% ) , Gwoza  ( 21% )  and Kala/Balge  ( 15% ) .
As of 20 January 2019, the DTM has iden�fied 1,948,349 IDPs  ( 382,296 households )  across Adamawa, Bauchi, Borno, Gombe, Taraba, and Yobe States. This represents a decrease of four per cent  ( 78,253 persons )  from the previous DTM Round. Overall there is a decrease, but when compared with the same geographical area assessed in the previous DTM Round there is an increase of one per cent  ( 13,502 persons ) , while the number of returns from neighbouring regions into situa�ons of secondary displacement have also been on the increase.
The peak of the rainy season is when most traditional farmers hope on the rains to yield good harvests. Lovers of nature are also seen gushing about the breath of fresh air the rain brings forth. In Nigeria, the stories are usually on the contrary, especially for those living close to water bodies. Mainly as a result of rising seas levels, constant rainfalls, lack of proper drainage systems. Flooding has become an annual tragedy the rainy seasons bring forth. In some cases, people are carried away by the flood, houses and properties turned to ruins. Farmlands also are not left out in the wake of destruction. The attendant food insecurity for most farmers is stinging, coupled with the displacement.
There were 18 suspected cases of Cerebrospinal Meningitis  ( CSM )  reported from eight LGAs in five states  ( Ebonyi – 3, Kaduna – 1, Katsina – 11, Sokoto – 2 & Yobe – 1 ) . None was laboratory confirmed and no death was recorded.
Monguno: 1,691 arrivals were recorded in Monguno LGA of Borno state. Theses include 1,642 arrivals from Falatari, 30 arrivals from Doro and 18 arrivals from Lawan� in Baga of Kukawa LGA. The new arrivals reported to have relocated due to the ongoing conflict. Maiduguri: 677 arrivals were recorded in Maiduguri Metropolitan Council  ( MMC )  of Borno state. These include 334 arrivals from Doro ward and 240 arrivals from Baga ward of of Kukwa LGA, 22 arrivals from Arge ward of Abadam LGA, 62 arrivals from Sojiri ward and 19 arrivals from Maibor� ward of Konduga LGA of Borno State. 88% of the new arrivals reported to have relocated due to the ongoing conflict while 12% relocated due to fear of being a�acked.
There were 71 suspected cases of Yellow Fever  ( YF )  reported from 40 LGAs in 17 states and FCT. None was laboratory confirmed and one death was recorded.
A resurgence in conflict and insecurity, wide scale floods ravaging homesteads and farmlands during the rainy season and outbreaks of diseases, including cholera, are key drivers of the current food security and nutrition situation in the North East. “While continued reductions in the number of food insecure are welcome, there is urgent need to accelerate the pace by which we remove people from vulnerable situations. This can only be achieved by addressing the root causes of the conflict and by providing sustainable livelihoods support. As agriculture is the main source of income in these states, the promotion of sustainable and higher income agricultural livelihoods is critical,' shared Suffyan Koroma, FAO Representative in Nigeria, at the CH launch.
He said “More than 3.6 million people are in need of water, sanitation and hygiene services; 1.1 million of these are internally displaced  ( IDPs ) , having fled their homes due to violence and conflict. Many of them are out of reach, in remote areas still impacted by conflict. About 800,000 people are in hard to reach areas and 79 percent of these are children and women.'
An upsurge in violence since November, particularly in Monguno, Kukawa and Kala/Balge local government areas, has triggered mass displacement with tens of thousands of civilians fleeing into already overcrowded camps, mainly to Maiduguri, the capital of Borno State. More than 260 aid workers were withdrawn from these three conflict affected LGAs since November. The ongoing conflict and ensuing insecurity is impeding humanitarian operations to these areas.
Gwoza: 489 arrivals were recorded in Gwoza LGA of Borno state. These include 371 arrivals from Marwa in Cameroon, 78 arrivals from Shehuri ward of Bama LGA, 14 arrivals from Hambagda and Mbita wards of Gwoza LGA and 3 arrivals from Lamisla ward of MMC in Borno state, 15 arrivals from Damare ward of Girei LGA, 5 arrivals from Hoima ward of Song LGA and 2 arrivals from Uba ward for Hong LGA in Adamawa state. 80% of the new arrivals reported to have relocated due to poor living condi�ons, 2% due to the ongoing conflict, 1% due to military opera�ons while 17% voluntarily relocated. Ngala: 343 arrivals were recorded in Ngala LGA of Borno state. These include 251 arrivals from Rann ward of Kala Balge LGA Borno state and 92 arrivals from Marwa in Cameroon . 38% of the new arrivals reported to have relocated due to poor living condi�ons, 12% due to the ongoing conflict, and 17% voluntarily relocated.
Although the report did not disclose specific reasons for the development, Vanguard's investigation showed that it was fuelled by vandalism and oil theft.For instance, a report obtained from Shell Petroleum Development Company Limited; Nigeria's largest producer, output experienced six cases of oil spill in January 2019 alone.Specifically, it stated that an attack which culminated in oil spill occurred at Imo River2 – Ogale Pipeline at Isi Etitiuzo_Owaza, Diebucreek Nunriver Pipeline at Oporoma, Oguta  Egbema Pipeline at Umunkwu Oguta, Nunriver – Kolocreek Pipeline at Aguobiri, Okordia – Rumuekpe Pipeline at Ula Ikata and Nkpoku – Bomu Pipeline at Egbalor on January 2, 3, 7, 8,9 and 21, 2019 respectively. It stated: “Oil spills due to crude oil theft and sabotage of facilities  ( referred to as third party interference ) , as well as illegal refining, cause the most environmental damage from oil and gas operations in the Niger Delta.'
Access to food: Access to food was enabled with the distribution of food items to 141 HHs by SEMA. However, to prevent protection concerns, it is key to ensure that they are included in monthly food distribution list. The nutrition needs of pregnant women and lactating mothers identified among the group have to be catered for. • No access to NFIs: Out of the 141 HHs, which are officially recognized by CCCM, only an estimated number of 41HHs came along with their pots, mats and blankets, leaving a gap of more than 50 HH without NFIs and obliged to share NFI items with their relatives and friends.
The CH analysis found that an estimated 4.02 million people in 16 northern states and the Federal Capital Territory are facing food insecurity ( October December 2019 ) , while about 5.9 million are projected to be food insecure across the north from June to August 2020, if no humanitarian interventions take place. The states included in the analysis were Adamawa, Bauchi, Benue, Borno, Gombe, Jigawa, Kaduna, Kano, Katsina, Kebbi, Niger, Plateau, Sokoto, Taraba, Yobe and Zamfara.
Thearmed insurgency in northeastern Nigeria continues to have devastating impacts on the food security and nutrition status of people in the states of Adamawa, Borno and Yobe. Currently, an estimated 2.6 million people in the three states are classified as facing crisis or worse levels of food insecurity  ( October December 2019 ) , a reduction of close to 300 000 people from June 2019, according to the recently released Cadre Harmonisé  ( CH )  analysis. However, if no humanitarian support is provided, a projected 3.6 million people in the three states are likely to be severely food insecure from June to August 2020   traditionally the lean season in the North East.
The measles outbreak continues to pose a significant threat to the lives of conflict affected communities in Borno and Yobe States. Since January, 8,004 suspected measles cases have been reported with 21 deaths2 in Borno state, including in Nganzai  ( 13 deaths ) , Askira Uba  ( 4 deaths ) , Monguno  ( 3 deaths ) , and Jere  ( 1 death ) . In Yobe, 559 suspected cases and 6 deaths  ( CFR: 1.07 per cent )  were reported across 49 wards in 14 LGAs of Yobe States.
In Nigeria, the impact of flooding has been grossly enormous. The National Emergency Management Agency  ( NEMA )  in 2018 recounts that large scale flooding impacted on 826,403 people led to the displacement of 286,119 persons and death of 199. Since September 2019, rising high water levels in rivers Niger and Benue, and heavy rainfalls in Cross River, Kogi, Niger and Taraba states have affected 18,640 households in 54 communities. About 4,485 persons are currently displaced. The flood disasters are further exacerbating the crisis of food insecurity because of the destruction of farms and forced migration which has turned victims to strangers in their homeland.
Ongoing conflict is exacerbated by climatic changes that have spurred additional displacement. Cyclical flooding in twelve states of Nigeria, including Adamawa, affected 441,250 people and displaced 141,360 over the months of August and September 2018.4 Road closures as a result of flooding additionally constrained the ability of organizations to deliver aid. As a result of conflict and climate derived displacement, pastoralists have moved both within and out of NEN, resulting in violent clashes between pastoral groups and farmers in their locations of displacement, adding to the overall instability in NEN. Resulting from these challenges, 10.2 million people inBorno,Adamawa and Yobe are projected to need humanitarian assistance in 2019.5 Of these, an estimated 1.8 million people6 will likely remain displaced across the BAY states.
Nigeria earned more oil revenue in a week than the aggregate revenue of oil and non oil exports in the previous year. So sudden was the bonanza Gowon's government did not know what to do with it. What they eventually did is still affecting our economy till today. Among the measures taken at the time, none has had a more lasting impact than the Udoji Awards – which addressed Minimum Wage at the time. As usual, the agitation started from the Nigerian Labour Congress, NLC, and other unions representing workers. The end result was basic wage adjustments which set all sorts of records in profligacy and demonstrated a lack of self restraint on the part of those in government. Somehow, the authors of that bill failed to consider the long term consequences of the pact – in the event oil prices dropped.
There were 34 suspected cases of cholera reported from seven LGAs in four states  ( Abia – 1, Adamawa – 8, Borno – 4 & Lagos   21 ) . There were eight laboratory confirmed cases and no death was recorded.
The recent closure of Nigeria's land border impedes trade with neighboring countries, especially Benin and Niger. Persistent insecurity and conflict in the Greater Lake Chad, LiptakoGourma, and Tibesti regions continue to limit staple food and livestock market functioning and access.
MORE Nigerians have abandoned their bank accounts majorly due to economic hardship caused by sluggish economic growth, rising job losses and reduction in purchasing power occasioned by double digit inflation. Statistics from the Nigeria Interbank Settlement System, NIBSS, showed that Nigerians abandoned 10 million bank accounts in 2018. NIBSS is owned by all Nigerian banks and the Central Bank of Nigeria, CBN. According to the company, the number of bank accounts abandoned by bank customers and hence categorised as ‘inactive bank accounts' rose by 28 percent to 46.7 million in 2018 from 36.7 million in 2017.
The country's health needs are immense. Nigeria has the highest rate of unimmunized children worldwide  ( WHO, 2017 ) , the second largest number of people living with HIV2 globally and accounts for nine percent of the global HIV. It also has the highest burden of malaria globally which remains the top cause of child illness and death  ( USAID, 2018 )  and is one of the three countries world wide to still have cases of polio. Cholera, meningitis and Lassa fever are a continual challenge, while non communicable diseases are a growing concern. With the rise of unplanned urbanization throughout Nigeria, health and water and sanitation situation is acute in growing urban slums.
Human rights violations and protection concerns before and during displacement: It was reported cases of human rights violations by NSAG members as a result of the attack. • At least four male individuals were reported to have been killed; • Family separation: 07 HHs were separated from other family members  ( mothers, fathers and children )  during the flight . their whereabouts remained unknown at the time of the assessment. • Lack of documentation: The group of displaced reported 50 HH/ 104 individuals have no means of identification as a result of their displacement. Oonly a few of them have Voter Cards, as means of identification.
As a result of military operations, from December 2017 to October 2018, the number of IDPs in the Northeast of Nigeria has risen from 1,702,680 to 2,206,602 individuals  ( +29.6% ) . The October 2018 DTM also provides a clear picture of the number of returnees by State  ( Borno: 683,012; Adamawa: 780,571; Yobe: 177,327 ) , giving a total of 1,640,910 in the Borno, Adamawa and Yobe States  ( BAY ) . In addition to the massive displacements, chronic underdevelopment as well as high rates of poverty, illiteracy and unemployment have been registered in the three above mentioned States5
There were 427 suspected cases of measles reported from 133 LGAs in 27 states. None was laboratory confirmed and no death was recorded.
Access to WASH services: No major problem was reported with regard to access to water and sanitation in the camp, as latrines ( 104 ) , showers ( 136 ) s and water points ( 12 )  are available in the camp. However, with the new arrivals and an increase of the population is most likely to put pressure on the available services. The same concern remains valid for other sectors such as education, health and nutrition. • Lack of legal documentation: 104 individuals among the newly arrived IDP lack documentation as a result of their displacement and are at risk of harassment, extorsion and other human rights violations during their movements out of the camp.
One of the reasons for displacement in Nigeria was conflict related, with 52 per cent of conflict affected IDPs now displaced in urban areas and the remaining 48 per cent now residing in rural areas.
Hostilities between non state armed groups  ( NSAGs )  and security forces increased in late December in northern Borno, leading to fresh displacements and increased humanitarian needs.
ETT assessments identified the following movement triggers: flood  ( 76% ) , poor living conditions  ( 7% ) , Voluntary relocation  ( 7% ) , conflict/attack  ( 7% ) , improved security  ( 3% ) , military operations  ( 0.3% )  and involuntary relocation  ( 0.1% ) .
Damaturu: 1,087 departures were recorded in Damaturu LGA of Yobe state. These include 662 departures from Maisandari/Waziri Ibrahim Estate ward, 425 departures from Kukareta/Warsala ward. All the departures were due to flood.
Nigeria's ongoing battle with Jihadists in the North East has amounted to colossal losses in terms of human lives ( military and civilians )  and material ruins for over a decade. Despite the Nigerian state maintaining that the Boko Haram terrorists have been substantially defeated, the group's onslaughts are still as fatal as it has mostly been. Today in Damboa, Borno state, an ambush by the Islamist group led to the death of 10 Nigerian soldiers while about 9 others were seriously injured. Retrospectively, the 10 year old war has witnessed fatal attacks on military outfits and convoys in a bid to undermine the efforts of the Nigerian troops in effectively waging war against the Jihadists.
Consequent upon food insecurity and displacements, rising incidence of flooding will substantially exacerbate insecurity and underdevelopment. A recent report by Oxfam reveals that about 94 million Nigerians are living in poverty against an estimated 200 million population. Growing food insecurity substantially engendered by flooding will deepen the poverty level in a nation where 70 per cent of its people are farmers. This will significantly undermine the Sustainable Development Goals of No Poverty and Zero Hunger. According to the United States Agency for International Development  ( USAID ) , about 3.7 million Nigerians spread across 16 states are already food insecure on account of insurgent attacks, internal displacement, rising food prices. With most of these causal factors still a challenge, recurrent flooding will deepen food insecurity.
 Deteriorating security conditions in northeastern Nigeria continue to obstruct humanitarian operations, prompting the temporary evacuation of more than 260 relief workers in Borno State, according to the UN. Where security conditions permit, humanitarian actors are returning to affected areas to provide services; however, staffing levels remain limited in some areas, with associated reductions in activities.  Attacks by armed opposition group  ( AOG )  actors in Borno's Rann town resulted in multiple civilian deaths and the destruction of humanitarian infrastructure and supplies in January, with a January 28 attack prompting approximately 35,000 people to flee into neighboring Cameroon, according to the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees  ( UNHCR )
A January 14 AOG attack Rann resulted in multiple civilian deaths, the destruction of humanitarian supplies and infrastructure, and the evacuation of 14 aid workers, according to the UN. Approximately 9,000 people fled to neighboring Cameroon following the attack; however, on January 18, UNHCR issued a press release deploring reports of the forced returns to Borno of several thousand Nigerian refugees. Additionally, approximately 35,000 people fled to Cameroon from Rann after the withdrawal of security forces and another AOG attack on January 28. The UN reported in December that Cameroon hosted approximately 100,400 Nigerian refugees, while the International Organization for Migration  ( IOM )  reported that 76,000 IDPs were sheltering in Rann before the attack
The escalating conflict in northern Borno has significantly reduced humanitarian operational capacity. Between November and early January, humanitarian agencies withdrew more than 260 relief workers from Kala/Balge, Kukawa, and Monguno local government areas due to insecurity, undermining the delivery of assistance to hundreds of thousands of people and representing the largest withdrawal of aid workers since the humanitarian response scaled up in northeastern Nigeria in 2016, according to the UN. The deteriorating security conditions in Borno have also caused the mass displacement of more than 55,000 people between December 1 and January 24, according to IOM. Where security conditions permit, humanitarian actors are returning to affected areas to provide services; however, access remains limited in some areas due to violence, impeding the return of relief actors and prolonging the reduction of activities. USAID partners are also shifting programming as needed to adjust to the deteriorating security conditions, moving activities from remote, unsafe areas to secure towns that have accepted large newly displaced populations.
Almost all Nigerian potential migrants expected to face to face problems along the route to Europe. The most common problems potential migrants expected to face were hunger and thirst, robbery, and problems at sea. Nigerians in transit expected to face problems such as detention and problems at sea during their onward journey.
 More than $263 million is required to meet the food security needs of 2.7 million Nigerians in 2019, according to the 2019–2021 HRS. Additionally, while the estimated number of severe acute malnutrition  ( SAM )  cases in Nigeria decreased by 16 percent compared to 439,000 in 2018, the estimated number of moderate acute malnutrition cases increased by 44 percent to 723,000, compared to 502,000 in 2018. The HRS also estimates that more than 1 million children in Nigeria ages five years and younger experience acute malnutrition, with 367,000 suffering from SAM. As a result, relief actors are requesting $106 million to meet the nutrition needs of 2 million people in the country in 2019.