nlp-thedeep/humsetbias huggingface dataset:
In 2019, 7.1 million people are in need of humanitarian assistance in Borno, Adamawa and Yobe  ( BAY )  states in Nigeria's north east, including 1.8 million internally displaced people. Under the 2019 2021 Humanitarian Response Strategy, humanitarians are aiming to reach 6.2 million people with urgent, life saving assistance in 2019. The crisis, now in its tenth year, has largely been triggered by a regionalized armed conflict and is first and foremost a protection crisis. Civilians continue to bear the brunt of a conflict that has led to widespread forced displacement and violations of international humanitarian and human rights law
April 22: Sectarian violence resulted in five deaths in Katsina Ala, Benue. April 22: The Nigerian Air Force killed ten bandits in Shinkafi, Zamfara. April 22: Nigerian troops killed five sectarian mercenaries in Katsina Ala, Benue. April 22: Four personnel of the National Emergency Management Agency  ( NEMA )  were abducted in Abua/Odual, Rivers. April 22: Nigerian troops killed three Boko Haram militants in Kukawa, Borno.
September 22: Suspected herdsmen killed two in Numan, Adamawa; one attacker was also killed. September 22: Herdsmen kidnapped fourteen in Obokun, Osun. September 22: The Nigerian Air Force killed the Boko Haram "occupants"  ( estimated at ten )  of a camp in Damboa, Borno.
September 8: Gunmen killed two in Barkin Ladi, Plateau. September 8: Kidnappers killed one and abducted three in Rafi, Niger. September 8: Political violence killed one in Shiroro, Niger.
The month of May marked the onset of the rainy season, which already began impacting IDP communities who are particularly vulnerable when exposed to these harsh weather conditions. Some 18 camp sites in Gwoza, Dikwa, Bama, Ngala and Kaga LGAs have already registered 500 reports on damagesto shelters and NFI kits, affecting more than 4,500 individuals, further emphasizing the need for a coordinated multi sectoral response to mitigate the impact of the rainy season.
Children under 15 years represent 45 per cent of the population and have borne the brunt of the immediate impact and longterm effects of violence and displacement. This context is putting a generation of school at risk.
May 2: Sectarian violence resulted in four deaths in Imeko Afon, Ogun. May 2: Herdsmen killed six in Girie, Adamawa. May 2: Nigerian troops killed "dozens"  ( estimated at twenty four )  of Boko Haram militants in Damboa, Borno. May 3: Gunmen killed two in Akwanga, Nassarawa. May 3: Boko Haram killed fifteen soldiers in Magumeri, Borno.
The nutrition situation in the north east continues to be negatively impacted by the conflict. An estimated one million children  ( 367,000 with SAM and 727,000 with MAM )  aged 6 59 months across the BAY states are acutely malnourished.
September 11: Sectarian violence led to five deaths in Takum, Taraba. September 12: Boko Haram killed six Nigerian soldiers and one member of the Civilian Joint Task Force  ( CJTF )  in Gubio, Borno.
Over 10,490 shelters have been damaged. • 11,134 HHs in need of NFI kits. • Relocation of 392 HHs sheltering in schools across Yobe State, following commencement of the new school term
The security situation in North East Nigeria remained generally fluid and unpredictable during the month of March. Dozens of Non State Armed Group  ( NSAG )  incidents were recorded. They ranged from suicide bombings to armed attacks against military and civilian infrastructure. Even though the military had made further efforts in the government led counter insurgency measures, indiscriminate attacks resulted to further population displacements, death and destruction of property
June 12: Herdsmen killed one in a highway attack in Irewole, Osun. June 12: Boko Haram killed twenty one Nigerian soldiers in Mobbar, Borno. June 13: Nigerian police killed one bandit in a gun duel in Kankara, Katsina. June 14: Bandits killed thirty five in Shinkafi, Zamfara.
In Yobe State, UNHCR participated in the Multi Sectoral Needs Assessment for the newly displaced population in Damaturu, Nguru, Bade and Geidam. The humanitarian situation of the new arrivals remained dire, as many of the people who escaped without their properties lack food, shelter, livelihood and other essential services. As a result, they are exposed to several protection risks such as negative coping mechanisms and harsh weather conditions that could lead to possible disease outbreaks.
June 2: Boko Haram killed five soldiers in Marte, Borno. June 3: The Multinational Joint Task Force killed twenty Islamic State West Africa  ( ISWA ) , or Boko Haram, militants in Abadam, Borno. June 4: Nigerian troops killed "scores"  ( estimated at forty )  of Boko Haram militants in Gwoza, Borno. June 5: The Nigerian Air Force killed "several"  ( estimated at ten )  Boko Haram militants in Abadam, Borno.
June 6: Bandits killed sixteen in Maru, Zamfara. June 6: Soldiers killed four protesters in Fufore, Adamawa. June 6: Sectarian violence led to three deaths in Wukari, Taraba.
June 8: Bandits killed fifty in Rabah and Isa LGAs of Sokoto. June 9: Bandits killed seventy in Shiroro, Niger. Some reports indicate that the death toll may be cumulative over a few days following the Sunday attack. June 9: The Nigerian army reported that it killed nine Boko Haram social media personalities. No date or location were provided  ( estimated in Borno ) .
Nigerian troops have foiled an attempt by Boko Haram fighters to overrun a military base in the restive northeast leaving six soldiers wounded, the army said on Saturday. Troops “successfully repelled  ( a )  Boko Haram terrorist attack' on a base in the town of Arge in Borno state on Friday, army spokesman Texas Chukwu said in a statement
The activity was in response to girls and women revealing to UNHCR that water scarcity increases SGBV risks and incidents as women and girls report physical assaults and harassments at water collection points. Issues of Sexual Exploitation and Abuse were also discussed with community members, focusing on the need for reporting. The campaign increased awareness in the targeted community. Consequently, community protection mechanisms and structures around water points were established to ensure safety, mitigate risks and report incidents of SGBV.
Out of the total registered population, 6,109 individuals which represent 43 per cent were captured as new arrivals whose movements were due to attacks in some LGAs in Borno. Majority  ( 69% )  of the newly arrived individuals are from Kukawa LGA, with the remaining 31 per cent from KalaBalge LGA.
Unlike the older forms of violence  ( oil resource militancy, piracy and kidnapping )  that targeted officials of government and transnational companies, cult wars put everyone at risk as they are fought in major cities and communities
The Niger Delta region of Nigeria has been described as one of the most polluted and underdeveloped areas in comparison to other deltas of the world  ( Etekpe, 2009; Asuka, 2010 ) . The region is also embroiled in various forms of violent conflicts. Nevertheless, reprieve was achieved when the Federal Government of Nigeria launched in 2009 the Presidential Amnesty Programme  ( PAP )  for ex agitators in the region.
SWAP has targeted dozens of military bases since last year, killing scores of soldiers. Last week, several troops were killed in an ISWAP attack on a remote base in Kareto village, near the border with Niger, according to military sources.
“Several members of the Boko Haram terrorists were neutralised while others fled with gunshot wounds during the encounter,' he said. “Unfortunately, six soldiers sustained various degrees of injuries and are currently receiving medical attention at the military facility.'
October 10: Twenty bandits, five soldiers, and two civilians were killed during an attack in Bakura, Zamfara. October 10: Nigerian troops killed fifteen Boko Haram militants and lost one soldier. October 10: Boko Haram killed two Chadian soldiers in Ari Gambori, Chad. October 11: Boko Haram killed three soldiers and four civilians in Magumeri, Borno.
Rann at the time was home to some 35,000 internally displaced people. The UN said about 9,000 and locals fled to Cameroon after the attack, heaping pressure on already overstretched authorities.
Recently concluded Biometric Registration in Girei Local Government Area  ( LGA ) , within the period of 13 November – 28 November 2018, has brought the total number of Returnees and Displaced persons in Girei  ( LGA )  to 16,476 individuals  ( 6,327 households ) . The average family size within the location is 3, with 33 per cent of families comprising of 1   2 members; 35 per cent comprising of 3   4 members; 21 per cent comprising of 5 6 members; 8 per cent comprising of 7 8 members; and 3 per cent comprising of 9 and above members.
Twenty one  ( 21 )  States  ( Edo, Ondo, Bauchi, Nasarawa, Ebonyi, Plateau, Taraba, FCT, Adamawa, Gombe, Kaduna, Kwara, Benue, Rivers, Kogi, Enugu, Imo, Delta, Oyo, Kebbi and Cross River )  have recorded at least one confirmed case across 81 Local Government Areas  Table 1, Figure 1  92.6% of all confirmed cases are from Edo ( 36% ) , Ondo ( 28% ) , Ebonyi ( 8% ) , Bauchi ( 8% ) , Taraba ( 7% )  and Plateau ( 6% )  states  Figure 1  Predominant age group affected is 21 40 years  ( Range: >1 month to 89 years, Median Age: 32 years )
The government recognises that 823,000 people remain in areas that are currently not accessible by international humanitarian organisations4. The plight of the population living in these areas remains invisible with humanitarians not able to verify humanitarian conditions. However, proxy analysis suggests high levels of deprivation in hard to reach areas. Between July 2018 and March 2019, 4,473 children arrived from inaccessible areas, with 30.7% identified as acutely malnourished and 15.8% identified as severely malnourished5 . This is far above the emergency thresholds of 15% GAM rates and 2% SAM rates
The remainder – and majority   of IDPs  ( 6 out of 10 )  live in host communities; 90 per cent are hosted by family members, while 10 per cent have their own accommodation. Most houses are damaged and NFI items are insufficient.
June 1: Boko Haram killed one and lost one militant in an attack on a mosque in Maiduguri, Borno. June 1: Bandits killed eight in Gusau, Zamfara. June 1: Boko Haram killed one soldier and possibly kidnapped seven soldiers in Konduga, Borno. June 1: Sectarian violence led to twelve deaths in Wukari, Tarab
In the reporting Week 15  ( April 8 – 14th , 2019 )  3 new confirmedi cases were reported from two states   Edo ( 1 )  and Plateau ( 2 )  states with no new death  From 1 st January to 14th April,2019, a total of 2217 suspectedi cases have been reported from 21 states. Of these, 540 were confirmed positive, 15 probable and 1662 negative ( not a case )  Table 1  Since the onset of the 2019 outbreak, there have been 122 deaths in confirmed cases. Case fatality ratio in confirmed cases is 22.6%  Table 1
Results show that the daily average number of individuals observed in March 2019 at the Flow Monitoring Point of Sokoto was 393, a forty six per cent decrease compared to February 2019. Reportedly, the decrease is due to the low movements during recently conducted presidential and gubernatorial elections in Nigeria. Tahoua  ( 53% ) , Maradi  ( 39% ) , Dosso  ( 4% ) , Zinder  ( 3% ) , Niamey  ( 1% ) , in Niger were the main regions of departure of individuals passing through Sokoto, whereas Maradi  ( 60% ) , Tahoua  ( 29% ) , Dosso  ( 4% ) , Niamey  ( 3% ) , Zinder  ( 2% )  and Diffa  ( 2% )   ( all of which are located in Niger )  were the main regions of intended destination of observed flows. The main types of flows identified were: short term local movements of less than 6 months  ( 67% of all flows ) , seasonal migration  ( 18% of all flows ) , economic migration of more than 6 months  ( 12% of all flows ) , and tourism  ( 3% of all flows ) .
June 17: Boko Haram killed twenty five Nigerian soldiers in Nganzai, Borno. June 17: Boko Haram killed five Nigerian soldiers in Monguno, Borno. June 17: Herdsmen killed one soldier and three others in Riyom, Plateau. June 17: Sectarian violence led to six deaths in Ardo Kola, Taraba. June 17: Sectarian violence led to seven deaths in Donga, Taraba.
The first incident occurred at about 2:40 PM on 25 November 2019 at Fulatari Camp affecting 56 individuals  ( 17 households ) , with 8 shelters destroyed and 9 shelters partially damaged. Two women reportedly sustained first and second degree burns and were rushed to Alima Clinic for proper medical attention. The affected individuals include 28 children, 16 women and 12 men.
The number of returns has also been on the increase as can be noted from Section 3 on Returnees.The most affected state is Borno state, which continues to host the highest number of IDPs, with 1,467,908 IDPs residing in the state as per Round 27 DTM assessments. The total number of IDPs observed in Round 27 is a 2 per cent increase  ( 32,091 IDPs )  from the 1,435,817 IDPs that were recorded in Borno during Round 26 assessment
With this increase the total number of IDPs in Borno is now nearly the same as the number recorded in Round 25, published in November 2018. The number of people who have been displaced has increased between Round 26 and Round 27, this could be linked to the increased insecurity in this area. Additionally, this figure is not complete as it is missing those LGAs which remain inaccessible due to the security situation.
In the same vein, two other incidents at Government Girls Secondary School  ( GGSS )  Camp on 26 and 27 November 2019 in the afternoon, left 4 shelters destroyed, and 2 further shelters damaged while trying to quench the re. A total of Twenty three individuals  ( 4 households )  which includes 16 children, 4 adult males and 3 adult females were affected, with their belongings razed in the fire disaster.
There were 452 suspected cases of measles reported from 127 LGAs in 28 states. None was laboratory confirmed and ten deaths was recorded
The members of the Security Council condemned in the strongest possible terms the terrorist attack on 16 June 2019 at Konduga village near Maiduguri, Nigeria, which resulted in at least 30 killed and others injured.
Among conflict affected households in northeastern Nigeria, including IDPs and returnees, the demand for food and livelihood support is high. More than 48 000 new IDPs were identified in the three northeastern states. The region also hosts more than 1.6 million returnees, who are eager to resume their livelihood activities.
May 7: Boko Haram killed four soldiers and seven others in Jere, Borno. May 7: The Nigerian Air Force killed twenty bandits in Safana, Zamfara. May 8: Herdsmen killed five in Ardo Kola, Taraba. May 8: Herdsmen killed six in Jalingo, Taraba. May 8: Nigerian troops killed two bandits in Chikun, Kaduna.
April 15: Seven Chadian soldiers and sixty three Boko Haram militants were killed during a clash in Kaiga Kindjiria, Chad. April 15: Kidnappers abducted five in Ijumu, Kogi. April 15: Herdsmen killed two in Ikole, Ekiti. April 15: Gunmen abducted eighteen in Lokoja, Kogi. April 15: Herdsmen killed six in Anambra West, Anambra.
April 18: Gunmen killed eleven in Numan, Adamawa. April 18: Nigerian troops killed seven bandits and lost one soldier in Aljumana and Ketere in Zamfara  ( LGA unknown ) . April 18: Boko Haram killed eleven in Tchakamari, Cameroon. April 18: Gunmen killed sixteen in Tsafe, Zamfara. April 11–18: The Islamic State claimed to have killed sixty nine soldiers over the past week around Borno and in Tomer, Niger. April 19: Sectarian violence resulted in twenty two deaths in Wukari, Taraba.
April 16: Nigerian troops killed three bandits in Gassol, Zamfara. April 16: Troops repelled a Boko Haram attack, killing fifty two militants; two Chadian soldiers were also killed in Kukawa, Borno. April 17: A gunman killed one herdsman in Kaura, Kaduna. April 17: Gunmen killed four in Demsa, Adamawa.
The total number of cases reported as at 26 th June, 2019 stands at 145, with 1 death  ( CFR=0.69% ) . Yola North has 70 cases with 1 death  ( CFR= 1.43% ) ; Girei has 73 cases with 0 deaths  ( CFR= 0% )  and Yola South has 2 cases with 0 death  ( CFR= 0% ) . So far, 15 samples yielded growth typical of Vibrio cholera on culture and results of 7 isolates from the reference laboratory revealed 01 serotype.
The crisis, in its tenth year, has largely been triggered by a regionalized armed conflict and is first and foremost a protection crisis. Civilians continue to bear the brunt of a conflict that has led to widespread forced displacement and violations of international humanitarian and human rights law. Since the start of the conflict, more than 27,000 people have been killed in the BAY states and thousands of women and girls have been abducted.
There were 15 suspected cases of Cerebrospinal Meningitis  ( CSM )  reported from nine LGAs in three states  ( Borno – 1, Katsina – 10 & Yobe – 4 ) . None was laboratory confirmed and no death was recorded.
Results show that the daily average number of individuals observed in March 2019 at the Kano FMP Point was 393, a six per cent decrease compared to February 2019. Reportedly, the depreciation is due to the decrease in movements during the recently conducted presidential and gubernatorial elections in Nigeria. In March, Zinder  ( 57% ) , Maradi  ( 34% )  and Diffa  ( 5% )  in Niger, Ndjamena  ( 3% )  in Chad and Center  ( 1% )  in Cameroon were the main regions of departure of travellers passing through Kano, whereas Zinder  ( 62% ) , Maradi  ( 30% )  and Diffa  ( 5% )  in Niger, Ndjamena  ( 2% )  in Chad and Center  ( 1% )  in Cameroon were the main regions of intended destination of observed flows. The main types of flows identified were: economic migration of more than six months  ( 41% of all flows ) , short term local movements  ( 36% of all flows ) , seasonal  ( 15% of all flows ) , and tourism  ( 8% of all flows )
The Nigerian broadcaster Channels Television Station reported that a stray bullet killed one of their journalists covering the protest, Precious Owolabi.
Over 20,000 displaced persons are sleeping out in the open, exposed to the elements and heightened protection risks. Overcrowding in camps often has deadly consequences as persons have limited access to life saving services including shelter, water, food, health and protection. Lack of space has resulted in 99 people using one latrine in locations such as Banki Camp6 , which is well above the international standard of 20 people per latrine. Space is also limiting the amount of drainage that can be dug resulting in flooding and continued presence of stagnant water. These unsanitary and unhygienic conditions create breeding grounds for communicable diseases such as cholera, where in 2018 over 6,300 cases were reported in Borno State7
Numan: 108 arrivals and 63 departures were recorded in Numan LGA of Adamawa State. The arrivals include 79 from Sabon Pegi ward and were tracked at Imburu ward and 29 from Borrong ward of Demsa LGA. The departures include 47 from Sabon Pegi ward and 16 from Imburu ward. 73% of the new arrivals reported to have relocated due to poor living conditions while 27% were due to flood. The departures were all due to poor living conditions.
The police issued a statement on July 22 confirming the death of Deputy Commissioner of Police Usman A.K Umar, who the police claim was shot by the protesters. The statement said that two other senior police officials were also injured by protesters who “violently attacked innocent citizens and Police personnel on duty' and “also razed down a National Emergency Management Agency  ( NEMA )  Response Post close to the Federal Secretariat, Abuja and two  ( 2 )  vehicles.'
Similarly, Monguno LGA witnessed an increase of 8,211 IDPs, taking the total number of displaced persons in the LGA to 157,199 due to influx of newly displaced persons from Kukawa LGA due to increased violence in that area.
Nigerian authorities have used excessive force against Islamic Movement in Nigeria protests since 2015, Human Rights Watch said. On December 12, 2015, the Nigerian army used excessive force against the group's street procession in Zaria, Kaduna State, in northwest Nigeria, allegedly to clear the way for the army chief's convoy. In an ensuing three day crackdown, the army killed 347 members of the group and arrested hundreds more, including the group's leader, El Zakzaky, and his wife, Ibraheemat.
In 2014, 54 per cent of the world's populaƟon lived in urban areas, with urban populaƟons projected to increase to 66 per cent by 2050 . As the world is rapidly urbanizing, so too is displacement. Specifically, internal displacement is becoming an urban phenomenon, especially as conflict and war increasingly occur in cites . In 2015, over 50 million people were affected by urban warfare and violence in cites , with 40.8 million people internally displaced at the end of the same year .
As reported by the UN High Commissioner for Refugees  ( UNHCR )  at the end of May, a recent spike in violence in north western parts of Nigeria has forced an estimated 20,000 people to seek safety and security in Niger since April. Nigerians are fleeing due to multiple reasons, including clashes between farmers and herders of different ethnic groups, vigilantism, as well as kidnappings. Many of the newly arrived are located very close to the Nigerian border, where there remains a high risk of armed incursions
Reasons for displacement remained unchanged compared to Round 26. The ongoing conflict in north eastern Nigeria continued to be the main reason for displacement  ( 93%   up from 92% ) , followed by communal clashes, which led to the displacement of 7 per cent of the interviewed individuals. The state of Taraba showed the highest number of displacements due to communal clashes during Round 27.
In 2017, there were 30.6 million new displacements due to conflict and disasters recorded around the world10. Although displacement due to disasters has fluctuated since 2008, the number of new displacements associated with conflict has increased progressively, from 4.6 million in 2008 to 11.8 million in 2017. Of the 143 countries and territories affected by displacement, Ethiopia and Nigeria are among the countries that have consistently observed high levels of displacement over recent years.
September 9: Boko Haram killed three in Nganzai, Borno. September 9: Boko Haram killed nine Nigerian soldiers in Kukawa, Borno
June 16: Sectarian violence led to eight deaths in Ardo Kola, Taraba. June 16: Three suicide bombers killed themselves and thirty others in Konduga, Borno. Boko Haram was suspected. June 16: One soldier, two NSCDC operatives, and one cultist were killed during a clash in Tai, Rivers. June 16: The Nigerian Air Force killed "scores"  ( estimated at forty )  of bandits in Maradun, Zamfara. June 16: The Nigerian Air Force killed "some"  ( estimated at ten )  Boko Haram militants in Gwoza, Borno.
President Muhammad Buhari is sworn in for second term > Anti Boko Haram militia frees almost 900 child soldiers > 100 Christians killed and hundreds injured in attacks by the Fulani militia
Residents said the Islamists drove into the town after sacking the base and looted shops, shooting into the air. Their presence forced residents to flee into the bush while others shut themselves in their homes.
ETT assessments iden�fied the following movement triggers: voluntary reloca�on  ( 20% ) , improved security  ( 11% ) , involuntary reloca�on  ( 1% ) , ongoing conflict  ( 5% ) , military opera�on  ( 6% )  and poor living condi�ons  ( 57% ) .
June 29: Bandits killed eleven and kidnapped six in Kankara, Katsina. June 30: Sectarian violence led to twenty five deaths in Agatu, Benue. June 30: Nigerian troops killed ten bandits in Zurmi, Zamfara.
June 21: Kidnappers killed one and abducted eight in Kaura Namoda, Zamfara. June 21: The MNJTF killed forty two ISWAP  ( Boko Haram )  militants on Doron Naira island in Lake Chad; one Chadian soldier was also killed.
June 18: Cultists kidnapped seven in Degema, Rivers. June 20: Sectarian violence led to five deaths in Ukum, Benue. June 20: Gunmen killed eighteen in Tsafe, Zamfara. June 20: Sectarian violence led to seven deaths in Wukari, Taraba.
July 1: Gunmen killed four police officers in Yenegoa, Bayelsa. July 2: The Nigerian Air Force killed twenty bandits in Tsafe, Zamfara. July 2: Nigerian troops killed ten bandits in Anka, Zamfara.
Due to the impact of the emergency on the family structure and wellbeing of the affected population. Many children and care givers require external assistance for reintegration into society. Measuring the need for external reintegration support showed that the significant majority, ninety three per cent  ( 93% )  of children and care givers require reintegration assistance
The Northeast Nigeria emergency is estimated to have affected over seven million people who are currently in need of humanitarian assistance and children make up more than fifty per cent of the affected population.²
According to the October 2018 Displacement Tracking Matrix  ( DTM ) 3 developed by the International Organization for Migration  ( IOM )  and the National Emergency Management Agency  ( NEMA ) , 2,026, 602 internally displaced persons  ( IDPs )  were identified in the six northeastern States. Women and children constitute 79 percent of IDPs. About 54 percent of IDPs are women, many of whom are heads of households living in crowded, culturally inappropriate conditions4 .
 There were 97 suspected cases of Yellow Fever  ( YF )  reported from 55 LGAs in 20 states. None was laboratory confirmed and three deaths were recorded  Follow up with the new states with confirmed cases.
The main drivers of food insecurity and famine risk are the ongoing conflict, widespread insecurity and pervasive violence in which civilians are primarily targeted6 . An acute food security crisis has indeed unfolded as a result of the massive displacement, disruption of agricultural activities, lack of safe access to farmland and loss of livelihoods.
The second highest overall shelter/NFI need was observed in Eastern Borno with over two third of households in need of assistance  ( 69% ) , mostly resulting from 85% of households owning less than half of the basic NFI kit items, and close to twothird sharing shelter with another family  ( 61% ) . Among the population groups, IDPs were the most affected by inadequate shelter  ( 22% ) , risk of eviction  ( 18% )  and lacking basic NFI kit items  ( 89% ) . The highest overall shelter/NFI needs were observed in Gwoza  ( 84% ) , Dikwa  ( 80% )  and Bama LGAs  ( 72% ) .
Differences between population groups were most characteristically observed in Central Borno, where one in five nondisplaced households were in need of WASH support  ( 20% )  which is more than twice the rate of IDPs  ( 9% )  or returnees  ( 9% ) . High WASH needs for non displaced households was a result of nearly one in three households reportedly having water collection times greater than 30 minutes  ( 29% )  and greater than one fifth of households not having access to an improved water source  ( 21% ) .
The majority of households in need of WASH were vulnerable  ( 80% ) , with the most frequently reported vulnerabilities being PLWs, female headed households and high age dependency ratios. While IDPs were most likely to report households with high age dependency ratios, for returnees, nearly half of these vulnerable households were due to chronically ill or disabled members.
March 10: Bandits killed thirty five in Kajuru, Kaduna. March 10: Two suicide bombers killed themselves but no others in Madagali, Adamawa. Boko Haram was suspected. March 10: Fifteen were kidnapped from a bus in Ikwerre, Rivers. March 11: Bandits killed fifty two in Kajuru, Kaduna. March 11: Troops killed "several"  ( estimated at five )  Boko Haram militants in Bama, Borno. February 15–March 11: Over the last month fifty five bandits, three soldiers, and one vigilante were killed during continued military operations in and around Zurmi, Zamfara
There were 33 suspected cases of cholera reported from three LGAs in six states. There were 11 laboratory confirmed cases and no death was recorded.
They have been targeted for attacks, resulting in killings, abductions, arbitrary detention, torture, indiscriminate targeting, excessive use of force and contamination of the ground with unexploded ordnances  ( UXOs ) , including improvised explosive devices  ( IEDs ) . A recent intensity of attacks by the non state armed groups1  ( NSAGs )  and subsequent military operations have resulted in increasing displacement. From early September 2018 to mid March 2019, a total of 130,000 persons have been displaced with over 104,000 people arriving into congested sites since November 20182 .
On 18 July, an aid convoy got attacked by a non state armed group in northern Borno. Following this attack, one driver got killed and six people went missing.On 23 July, a truck providing drinking water to vulnerable population in eastern Borno was hit by an improvised explosive device. Two drivers got killed.
Maize, millet, sorghum, and rice, consumed mainly in the northern areas, as well as tubers such as yam and gari, consumed mainly in the southern areas, are readily available on most monitored markets. Prices of staples remain stable or are slightly declining across most markets. Prices are lower than last year, though higher than the five year average. Staple prices are lower in conflict affected areas including northwest and central states due mainly to lower demand . However, prices are relatively higher in northeast Nigeria due to substantially below average harvest, low market supplies, and high transaction costs.
Some affected communities in the central and northwestern states remain displaced as new communities are attacked. The intense attacks on communities have triggered population displacement to city centers and other neighboring communities. An IOM rapid assessment and published on June 11, 2019 covering Katsina, Sokoto, and Zamfara states found that an estimated 66,900 IDPs are currently displaced across the three states due to the armed banditry activities.
The major livelihood activities among households affected by the conflict in northwestern and central states have been substantially impacted. Traders have been evading affected areas due to fear of attacks, limiting trade flows and, consequently, market supplies have declined in some worse affected areas such as Batsari, Safana, and Danmusa LGAs in Katsina state and most local governments in Zamfara state. Shinkafi market, a major cross border town in Zamfara state, is currently functioning between 30 to 40 percent relative to normal while Dandume market in Katsina state is functioning lower by 15 to 25 percent relative to normal.
Moreover, while Borno State remains the epicenter of the crisis, Adamawa State also experienced significant levels of intercommunal violence reported by over 100 communities. The magnitude of the offensive from the Nigerian Armed Forces and change in tactics by NSAGs has amplified protection concerns for women and girls, including sexual and physical violence as well as abduction by NSAGs. For men and boys, the fear of being abducted and conscripted to join NSAGs still remains real, while arbitrary detention in military screening sites is also an ongoing preoccupation
The agricultural institutions and systems in northeastern Nigeria have been disrupted by a decade of conflict. Across Adamawa, Borno and Yobe, the armed insurgency has affected agriculture extension and advisory services delivery to small holder producers, resulting in the widening of the knowledge and skills gaps and impeding smallholder production. According to projections of the latest Cadre Harmonisé, 2.7 million people will be severely food insecure  ( Phases 3 5 )  in August 2019 if humanitarian support is not sustained. In 2019, FAO aims to reach 1.3 million farmers with livelihood support and hasappealed for USD 32.4 million, about 3.6 million of which has been mobilized.
On January 3, Nigerien ground and air offensive in the area killed nearly 300 Boko Haram militants, according to the defense ministry. Boko Haram's bloody insurgency began in northeastern Nigeria in 2009 but has since spread into neighboring Niger, Chad and Cameroon, prompting a regional military response. Some 27,000 people have been killed and two million others displaced, sparking a dire humanitarian crisis in the region.
In Goronyo LGA, Sokoto state, with over 3,000 IDPs, the rundown WASH facilities are shared by men and women, with most of them using the surrounding bushes as substitute. Also, in Goronyo, the IDPs complained of limited access to clean water, as they had to walk 3 kilometers from the camp to get water from a river/stream. It was reported by health workers in the camp that the water was contaminated and unsafe for consumption.
Most children suffering from measles in Borno come from internally displaced populations and the communities that host them. The decade long conflict in north eastern displaced thousands of people, both within their country and across borders. The disruption and chaos have left nearly two million people dependent on humanitarian assistance for their survival.
Within the period of 13  19 May 2019, a total of 4,842 movements were recorded, including 3,439 arrivals and 1,403 departures. Arrivals were recorded at locations in Askira/Uba, Bama, Chibok, Damboa, Dikwa, Gwoza, Jere, Kala Balge, Maiduguri, Mobbar, Monguno and Ngala Local Government Areas  ( LGAs )  of Borno state and locations in Demsa, Fufore, Girei, Gombi, Guyuk, Hong, Lamurde, Madagali, Maiha, Michika, Mubi North, Mubi South, Numan, Song, Yola North and Yola South LGAs of Adamawa state. Departures were recorded at Askira/Uba and Bama LGA of Borno state, Fufore, Girei, Gombi, Guyuk, Hong, Madagali, Mayo Belwa, Michika, Mubi North, Mubi South, Numan and Yola North LGAs of Adamawa state.
Batsari Government Model Primary School in Batsari LGA of Katsina state has recorded population movements that require urgent humanitarian response. The movements were reported to have been triggered by banditry hostilities in Wagini, Madogara, Manawa, Ruma and Batsari wards of Batsari LGA and Baure B ward of Safana LGA  ( all in Katsina state )  at night on 30 July 2019. Over 10 villages were reported to have been affected by the hostilities with 8 casualties already recorded, 6 women were abducted and scores injured. As of 2 August 2019, Batsari Government Model Primary School has received an estimated 9,021 individuals from the aforementioned wards.
This increase in security incidents reduce the already limited access to the affected population, while close to one million people living in hard to reach areas are already unable to access basic services and life saving assistance. The security situation on the Nigerian side of the Lake Chad has seriously deteriorated in recent months and the crisis is now in its tenth year. Civilians and aid workers continue to bear the brunt of a conflict that has led to forced displacement of more than 2.5 million people and violations of international humanitarian and human rights law. Since the start of the conflict, more than 35,000 people have been killed and thousands of women and girls abducted.
There were 141 suspected cases of AFP reported from 116 LGAs in 29 states and FCT. None was laboratory confirmed and no death was recorded
Evaluating the level of access to Child Protection services showed that the majority, seventy one per cent  ( 71%: 4,085 children )  of the verified caseload received services from child protection agencies, while twenty nine per cent  ( 29%: 1,672 )  reported that they were not beneficiaries of any service from a child protection agency.
The conflict in the north east of Nigeria has resulted in massive damage to infrastructure, disruption of basic social services and markets, and lack of safe access to farmlands which has decimated the livelihood of IDPs, returnees and host communities.
• Shortage of specialized assistance and treatment for persons with disabilities and chronic injuries, including due to UXO/IED incidents; • Continuous population displacement and influx of returnees, new arrivals and/or refugees disrupting and further straining already limited resources and challenging health programs implementation;
Unavailability of network coverage in newly accessible areas, affecting timely submission of health data for prompt decision making and reporting to EWARS/IDSR system; a • Need to sustain a robust and resilient response system to recurrent emergencies and strengthen the local capacities for timely response to new emergencies and outbreaks.
Since August 2015, 1.6 million people  ( 378,000 women, 348,000 men, 510,000 girls and 404,000 boys )  have returned to or closer to their homes and attempted to begin to rebuild their lives, indicating that conditions in some locations have improved to a relative extent.
Limited number and capacity of protection partners; and • Lack of specific national legal/policy framework on internal displacement and gaps in implementation of applicable national, regional and international standards, including the AU Convention on IDPs, to which Nigeria is a signatory.
The situation in these areas is reportedly more severe this year with NSAGs looting food from civilians on a much larger scale and leaving them with extremely limited resources to survive. Civilians who fled these areas report needing to escape at night for fear of being recaptured, while leaving all belongings and family members, including the elderly, behind. Ten per cent of displaced households in northern Borno State report having separated or unaccompanied children, while 48 per cent of female headed households report no legal documentation.
Men and boys have been mainly targeted for recruitment and are at higher risk of being killed at battle fronts or being arbitrarily detained. While the humanitarian community provided life saving assistance to over 5.5 million affected people  ( 1.4 million women, 950,000 men, 1.8 million girls and 1.4 million boys )  in 2018 and helped stabilise living conditions for millions of affected people, significant humanitarian needs remain as the conflict continues. At present, it is estimated that more than 800,000 people are still in areas that are inaccessible to international humanitarian actors.
High levels of displacement, including secondary and tertiary displacement, have been witnessed to major centres, including from inaccessible areas, with the majority of new arrivals in dire conditions and in need of urgent life saving humanitarian assistance and protection interventions. Those who flee inaccessible areas report being held for years in hostage like situations by NSAGs with no access to basic services and suffering abuse.
Further, more than 226,00015 Nigerian refugees remain in Cameroon  ( 97,000 ) , Chad  ( 10,000 )  and Niger  ( 119,000 ) ; 35,701 returned in 2018, though in many cases in circumstances that were not voluntary and not to their homes  ( secondary or tertiary displacement ) .
Security perimeters in ‘garrison towns and restricted freedom of movement impact the communities' ability to engage in livelihood and income generating activities, with 39 per cent of IDP households in Borno State reportedly not having access to land. The security situation also impacts access to fuel and energy for cooking food, with 85 per cent of women and girls interviewed during a joint assessment reporting heightened protection risks when collecting firewood.
The three year trend of Global Acute malnutrition  ( GAM ) , Severe Acute Malnutrition  ( SAM )  and Moderate Acute Malnutrition  ( MAM )  rates from October 2016 to May 2019 indicates that Yobe State fares worse compared to Borno and Adamawa States. The current rate of malnutrition is partly due to chronic poverty, specifically in the northern LGAs as well as limited access to basic social services such as WASH in some of the LGAs; delay in transporting Ready to Use Therapeutic Food  ( RUTF )  to stabilization centres in some LGAs; and a limited number of partners carrying out nutrition interventions. The closure AAH/ACF nutrition programmes in the BAY states has created gaps in services that are not easily filled, especially given the limited numbers of partners implementing nutrition programs in Yobe State.
In Yobe and Adamawa states, an improved security situation has enabled a resumption of agricultural and livestock livelihood activities as well as functional markets with durable supply chains.However, pockets of insecurity remain, including in central Adamawa State where inter communal violence is worsening. Other dynamics impacting the situation include flooding, which has destroyed crops and may negatively influence the harvest.
An estimated 1.7 million people in the BAY states are currently estimated to be food insecure and considered to be facing crisis or emergency situations  ( CH Phase 3 or 4 ) . As part of the lean season period, during June to August 2019, 2.7 million people are projected to be food insecure.
Significant gender gaps also exist, with women and girls in the north east exposed to higher inequality across all sectors and greater risks, which further exacerbates existing gender inequalities and power relations that disadvantage them. The maternal mortality rate in the north east is the highest in the country and almost 10 times higher than the rate in the country's south western zone,while the child mortality rate is the highest in the country and among the worst in the world.
In 2018, Nigeria overtook India as the country with the largest number of extreme poor. At the end of May 2018, research suggests that Nigeria had about 87 million people in extreme poverty, compared with India's 73 million. What is more, extreme poverty in Nigeria is growing by six people every minute, while poverty in India continues to fall.
Out of the total of 1.19 million IDPs in need, 1,350,000 have various shelter related needs and 40 per cent need NFIs support. Around 184,000 HHs are in need of shelter in host communities, in addition to 82,000 HHs in camps.
According to the Vulnerability Screening carried out by UNHCR in 2017, 100 per cent of the IDPs and IDP returnees identified as vulnerable report not being able to meet their daily basic needs. The lack of access to adequate food, basic items and livelihood opportunities has a direct link with the increasing number of reported cases of exploitation, particularly of female headed households  ( FFH ) .
March 9: Nigerian troops killed twenty three Boko Haram militants in Abadam, Borno. March 9: Electoral violence resulted in two deaths in Ibadan South West LGA and one death in Lagelu LGA, Oyo. March 9: Electoral violence resulted in one death in Ahoada West LGA, two deaths in Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni LGA, and four deaths in Khana LGA, Rivers. March 9: Gunmen killed a policeman and abducted twenty Independent National Electoral Commission  ( INEC )  ad hoc staff in Danusa, Katsina. March 9: Electoral violence resulted in one death in Kankara, Katsina. March 9: Electoral violence resulted in two deaths in Akoko South West LGA and four deaths in Odigbo LGA, Ondo. March 9: Electoral violence resulted in one death in Igboeze North, Enugu. March 9: Electoral violence resulted in two deaths in Idemili North, Anambra. March 9: Six INEC staff were kidnapped, then released in Lokoja, Kogi. March 9: A ballot box snatcher was killed in Ukanafun, Akwa Ibom. March 9: Electoral violence resulted in two deaths in Guma, Benue. March 9: Electoral violence resulted in one death in Ughelli South, Delta. March 9: Electoral violence resulted in one death in Nkwerre, Imo. March 9: Bandits killed four and kidnapped "several"  ( estimated at five )  in Isa, Sokoto. March 9: Electoral violence resulted in one death in Olamabor LGA and two deaths in Ankpa LGA, Kogi. March 9: Bandits killed one in Kajuru, Kaduna. March 9: Electoral violence resulted in one death in Akwanga, Nassarawa. March 9: Pirates kidnapped five sailors off the coast of Brass, Bayelsa.
The conflict resulted in more than 400,000 damaged and destroyed housing units, 95 per cent of which are located in Borno State11. Assessments also reveal that 77 per cent of IDPs residing within host communities do not intend to return to their places of origin in the near future: the main reasons cited were damaged houses, lack of security and access to basic social services.
Financial barriers  ( direct and indirect costs )  for vulnerable households to access health services and medicines of quality; • Serious shortages of skilled health care workers, particularly doctors, nurses and midwives, with many reluctant to work in inaccessible areas due to insecurity; • Shortage of GBV specialized assistance  ( e.g. PEP kits )  and of GBV trained health care providers;
March 12: Bandits killed twenty two in Birnin Gwari, Kaduna. March 12: Gunmen killed a driver and kidnapped a Lebanese man in Kano, Kano; they later killed the kidnapped man on March 14. March 12: Bandits killed one and kidnapped three in Kankara, Katsina. March 12: Gunmen attacked a police station and killed four policemen in Owan East, Edo. March 12: The Multinational Joint Task Force  ( MNJTF )  claimed to have killed thirty nine Boko Haram militants in Kukawa, Borno. March 12: Post election violence resulted in eight deaths in Jalingo, Taraba. March 12–14: Post election violence resulted in five deaths in Bauchi, Bauchi. March 14: Gunmen abducted a renowned Quranic reader and five others in Kankara, Katsina. March 15: Gunmen killed two policeman in Yenegoa, Bayelsa.
The severe damage to key public infrastructure and service provision, including LGA government facilities  ( LGA offices, schools, clinics, markets, and access to justice )  is adding to the long history of marginalization and chronic underdevelopment in the north east. Pre crisis poverty, development and socio economic conditions in north east Nigeria were very low with relative poverty recorded at 76.3 per cent in 2010
Health service delivery continues to be hampered by the conflict, impeding movements of health workers, drugs and other medical supplies, and general breakdown of adequate health facilities and infrastructure; • Epidemic outbreaks especially cholera, meningitis, measles and yellow fever; • Limited secondary health care and referral services in inaccessible areas.
Among the returnees, 72 per cent are women, girls and boys  ( 17 per cent, 31 per cent and 24 per cent respectively ) .
Estimates indicate that more than half of recorded deaths in Borno State in 2018 are due to malaria combined with malnutrition, more than all other causes of death combined, including cholera, measles and hepatitis E. A cholera outbreak was declared by state authorities in Borno and Yobe states in September 2018 while the number of cholera and Acute Watery Diarrhea  ( AWD )  cases are also on the rise in Adamawa State.
Data generated from the EarlyWarning System  ( EWARS )  in mid October 2018 indicated that malaria, compounded by malnutrition, is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality for 45 per cent of cases and 33 per cent of reported deaths. The ongoing conflict has further increased vulnerability to malaria given that 50 per cent of health facilities that would have provided malaria prevention or treatment are either completely or partially destroyed.
In addition, access to livelihoods and essential services remains extremely limited, as a result of the conflict and continuous displacement. For example, the presence or perceived threat of IEDs and EWR continues to hinder access to arable land and basic infrastructures in most of the BAY states.
Exacerbating these risks is the lack of adequate services in the sites. For example, only 38 per cent of latrines in IDP sites are sex aggregated and 31 per cent have no locks. The long distances to water points and firewood expose IDPs to attacks, harassment, abduction and GBV, in particular for girls and women: 85 per cent of girls and women report facing protection risks when collecting firewood.
Assessments of civilians who managed to flee “inaccessible' areas paint a terrifying picture, with reports of systematic and widespread violations, including: abductions; early and forced marriage; recruitment and use of children; attacks on schools; and targeted killings. In addition to urgent protection interventions, new arrivals from inaccessible areas are in desperate need of basic services including food, water, clothing, medical services and shelter.