nlp-thedeep/humsetbias huggingface dataset:
The context of conflict is compounded further by climate variability that negatively impacts the production systems resulting in poor crop yields and livestock productivity with direct consequences on the livelihoods and food security of households. Drought is the main natural disaster in the region. It affects more than 50 percent of the population that directly depends on crop and livestock production for their livelihood sustenance, hampering irrigated agriculture and reducing water for livestock production.
In addition, a significant proportion of land in Borno State is degraded as the result of inappropriate soil management practices, deforestation and over exploitation of rangelands that has led to a progressive and severe loss of the original vegetation cover.
Host communities are also affected with poor access to the needed resources for their own food production, facing high levels of poverty and malnutrition. The Cadre Harmonisé  ( CH )  analysis of food and nutrition insecurity  ( October 2018 )   ( CILSS, FAO & NPFS, 2018 )  indicates that the main food, nutrition and livelihood indicators remain alarming. In Borno State, an estimated 835 772 people are currently in the three critical food insecurity categories  ( CH Phase 3 5 ) , with an expected increase to around 1.38 million people during the coming lean season  ( June and August 2019 ) .
In Borno State, limited access to energy has been identified as a very pressing issue. It has exposed vulnerable people to a number of challenges and risks, directly linked to food insecurity and malnutrition  ( e.g. insufficient fuel to cook food ) , deforestation  ( e.g. unsustainable felling of trees for household fuel ) , protection  ( e.g. harassment, assault, physical and sexual violence when collecting woodfuel )  and health  ( smoke inhalation provoking respiratory illnesses ) .
Additionally, the use of night lighting in all IDP camps has been a challenge due to ongoing military operations. Movements in the dark have exposed IDPs – especially new arrivals  ( returnees and IDPs )    to protection risks  ( Oxfam International and WEDC, 2018 ) .
Collecting firewood for daily cooking needs is a laborious task, which requires walking for long distances to find sufficient energy resources. In the context of Borno State, which is a conflict affected with ongoing insecurity situation, this poses serious risks to men, women, boys and girls who go out to collect firewood. Since fuel is lacking in camps, they are forced to go out in unsafe and insecure areas in order to meet their energy needs.
Overall, 84.8 percent of the people indicated that they have faced protection risks or that other people in their community have faced protection risks when going out to collect firewood. Protection risks include harassment, physical or sexual and gender based violence, abduction and killings. Out of the 8 937 interviewed household, more than half  ( 58.7 percent )  indicated that they know somebody in their community who has lost his or her life while collecting firewood and 55.7 percent  ( 4 980 households )  reported that they know somebody in their community who was abducted during firewood collection.
The analysis of data collected showed that 58.4 percent of interviewed household indicated that firewood is mainly collected by adults alone, without any children or youth accompanying. Firewood collection in the four locations is traditionally carried out by women and children. The perception of protection risks being high, however, one of the strategies adopted is for adult men to go out and collect firewood  ( 39.8 percent ) . Eleven percent of households reported that adult women go out alone to collect firewood and 7.2 percent of households indicated that adult men and women go out together. Regarding child protection especially, 11.9 percent of interviewed households indicated that children and youth  ( up to 25 years of age )  go out alone to collect firewood.
The major issue concerns trespassing, when IDPs enter the land of host community members to harvest firewood resources. Other sources of tensions that surfaced are jealousy  ( IDPs who receive more attention in terms of humanitarian support )  and false accusations  ( IDPs who go out to collect firewood and are falsely accused to be insurgents ) .
Ensuring access to energy is intrinsically linked to the goal of improving nutrition. When cooking fuel is not readily available, it can have a considerable impact on the nutrition of vulnerable populations. Moreover, the time people spend collecting fuelwood directly affects the time available for other productive or caring activities, such as feeding of children.
Limited access to energy negatively affects the quantity, quality and nutritional value of the food consumed if it results in inadequate cooking time. In the context of forced displacement, this problem is even more pronounced. Yet, the distribution of food, e.g. dried beans, grains and flour to IDPs, is most often not complemented with the distribution of cooking fuel or fuel efficient technologies in Borno State
When large IDP camps are established near existing communities, it increases the pressure on the natural surroundings. A total of 90.7 percent of the surveyed people noticed a decrease in the availability of firewood resources in the surrounding environment in the past year. People unsustainably harvest wood resources in the immediate environment, forcing them to move further into insecure areas to collect sufficient firewood. Less than half, or 39.2 percent, of the surveyed households indicated that they solely collect dead wood for cooking purposes. Major differences among the four locations were not observed.
Wood resources in the immediate environment are not only used for energy purposes. A total number of 7 219 people or 80.8 percent make use of wood resources for other purposes, such as construction of houses and shelters, medicinal practices, provision of shade for people and livestock, and livestock feed. For these other uses of wood resources, the majority indicated that access and availability is insufficient to meet the needs.
Competition over natural resources, including energy resources, can create tensions between population groups, especially in a situation of displacement, where large groups of newly arrived people rely on the same resources as of the existing community. Further limitations and restrictions of movement, linked to insecurity and violent attacks, can increase such tensions.
A total of 70.3 percent people indicated that they have no access to the woodfuel resources on the land in the immediate environment where they live. In the majority of cases, the reason is the insecure situation and fear of attacks. Only 141 people  ( 1.6 percent )  indicated that tensions or problems, related to the collection of firewood, occurred between host community members and IDPs or returnees
In Borno State, women and children are responsible for preparing meals and attending to the cooking fires. The majority of people  ( 87.4 percent )  cook outside, in the open air, in the close vicinity of their home, and only 12.2 percent cook inside a closed space. Communal cooking is only practiced by a small minority  ( 30 households ) . As mentioned earlier, this is not a traditional practice in terms of cooking habits, but is introduced in some IDP camps in order to decrease fire risks.
The practice of cooking on open fires  ( inside or outside ) , without any provisions to divert smoke, has a significant impact on the health of women and children. A total of 44.5 percent of people indicated that at least one person in their household experienced respiratory illnesses and lung problems in the last year, while 36.5 percent indicated that at least one person in their household experienced burn wounds related to cooking. These numbers provide a more detailed perspective on the health issues faced by women and children, when attending cooking fires and preparing meals.
According to the field survey, 51 percent of households rely on the traditional three stones fire, 24 percent use a mud stove and 8 percent have a metal stove  ( see Figure 22 ) . Finally, 16 percent of households depend on a multiple energy technologies  ( three stones fire with mud stove; three stones fire with metal stove; mud stove with metal stove or three stones fire with other ) . The vast majority of household  ( 98.8 percent )  rely on a biomass stove, 0.8 percent depend on stoves powered by non biomass fuels  ( kerosene, gas, solar )  and 0.5 percent of sampled households do not cook.
More than 130,000 people have been displaced in north east Nigeria since January 2019, increasing the population of already stretched camps. As thousands of people lack shelter, they are forced to sleep in the open air in overcrowded camps which further increases their vulnerability to protection risks and exploitation.
The departed population comprised of 28 households  ( 162 individuals )  departing to Azur/Multe/Forfor ward , 9 households  ( 53 individuals )  to Nzuda Wuyaram ward in Damboa LGA while the rest of the population   8 individuals  ( 43 households )  departed to Mandaragirau ward in Biu LGA including the vulnerable groups who were also staying in the open areas without shelters by GSS Damboa  ( SSS Quarters ) . They include 162 children, 55 women and 41 men
Reportedly, they departed as a result of poor living conditions: inadequate shelter, food and livelihood. Majority departed in search of farmlands as agricultural activities was their major source of income in their area of initial displacement. So far, a total of 261 households  ( 1,134 individuals )  were relocated from GSS Damboa  ( SSS Quarters )  to a temporary site, Technical College Damboa, between 2   8 July 2019.
Malaria was the most common health problem in 52 per cent  ( down by 6% )  of assessed displacement sites, followed by fever in 27 per cent of sites  ( up from 15% )  and cough in 14 per cent. Regular access to medicine was observed in 78 per cent of sites  ( down from 81% ) , same for Borno  ( 81% ) .
It is estimated that Boko Haram and ISWAP since 2009 have recruited about 8000 children. Due to the difficulties associated with collecting reliable data it is likely that these figures are underestimated. In 2014, the abduction of 276 girls from their school in Chibok attracted international attention, unmasking the brutality and disregard these groups hold against children. "Armed groups in the north east have been recruiting and using children as combatants and non combatants, raping and forcing girls to marry, and committing other grave violations against children.
Some of the girls become pregnant in captivity and give birth without any medical care or attention" reported a civil society representative from Maiduguri. A 2017 report by UNICEF found that the use of children to carry out suicide attacks had become a defining feature of the conflict. This tragic feature of the conflict once more made the headlines when on 17 June two girls and a boy carried out a suicide bombing in Konduga village in north eastern Borno State, reportedly killing at least 30 people.
The main source of water was on site and less than a 10 minute walk in 78 per cent  ( up from 74% )  of sites. In 8 per cent of sites  ( down from 11% ) , water was off site but at less than a 10 minute walk distance. This figure was 3 per cent  ( down from 5% )  in Borno. In 7 per cent of sites, water was available on site but at more than 10 minutes' walk and similarly in water was available off site and more than a 10 minutes' walk.
Maiduguri Metropolitan Council  ( MMC )  in Borno, the capital city which hosts the highest number of IDPs among all LGAs in north eastern Nigerian, saw a reduction in number of IDPs. This is a rare occurrence given that it is the favored location for displaced persons due to the high concentration of humanitarian actors and humanitarian aid. Round 27 recorded a reduction of 10,838 IDPs in MMC, bringing the total number to 252,217 compared to 263,055 recorded in Round 26. The total number of displaced persons recorded in MMC during Round 25, published in November 2018, was 234,045.
The other LGA in Borno that saw a marked reduction in IDP numbers was Nganzai. As per the latest assessment, the LGA had 35,922 IDPs, which is 1,051 less than the 36,973 IDPs counted in the previous round of assessment. The main reason given to explain the decrease was the relocation of IDPs to Monguno and other locations due to poor living conditions and frequent fires.
For those who reported no intention to return, damage to their houses  ( 11% )  was cited as the main reason for not returning, followed by better living conditions in the current place of displacement than in their place of origin  ( 3% )  and security concerns in their present place of residence  ( 3% ) .
There was no lighting in 82 per cent  ( up from 76% in Round 26 )  of sites. Whilst inadequate lighting was reported in 16 per cent of sites, this is an decrease from 22 per cent in Round 26. Lastly, work opportunities were offered within Nigeria in five per cent of sites.
In 95 per cent of displacement sites  ( up from 93% in the last round of assessment in February ) , toilets were described as ‘not hygienic', while toilets were reported to be in hygienic conditions in only 5 per cent of sites and non usable in less than a per cent of sites. In Yobe, where cholera is recurring, 100 per cent of toilets were described as not good/hygienic. In Borno, 96 per cent  ( up from 95% )  were reported as not hygienic.
In comparison to those living in displacement sites, only 76 per cent of displaced people residing with host communities intended to go back to their places of origin. Thirty one per cent of IDPs  ( no change from Round 26 )  cited improved security situation as the main reason for wanting to return, followed by access to Kano better services  ( 17% )  and access to land  ( 5% ) .
There was a slight increment in number of returnee refugees as compared to IDP returnees during this round of assessment. While 122,142 returnee refugees were recorded in the Round
On the other hand, LGAs like Damboa recorded a substantial increase in the number of IDPs due to new arrivals as a result of the escalation of violence. The number of displaced persons went up by 11,628 from the 96,747 IDPs recorded in the previous assessment in Damboa
In 63 per cent of sites  ( up by 8% ) , formal or informal education facilities existed on site, while they were located off site in 36 per cent of sites  ( up by 10% ) . The distance to education facilities was less than 1 kilometer in 75 per cent of sites  ( up from 74% )  and less than 2 kilometers in 25 per cent of sites  ( up from 23% ) .
This round of assessment identified 2,102 host communities hosting 211,160 IDP households, most commonly residing in the host family's house  ( which was the most common shelter type in 1,830 sites hosting 177,215 households ) . This is followed by individual houses  ( most common shelter type in 169 sites hosting 16,998 households ) , self made/makeshift shelters  ( most common shelter type in 81 sites hosting 15,198 households ) , emergency shelters  ( in 9 sites hosting 928 households ) , government buildings  ( in 2 sites hosting 107 households ) , and health facilities  ( in 4 sites hosting 211 households ) .
The majority of IDPs had identity cards  ( 94%   up from 89% in Round 26 ) , with 96% of IDPs living in Borno possessing identity cards, this is an increase from the 89 per cent observed in Round 26. No referral mechanism for security incidents was in place in 49 per cent of sites  ( up from 48% ) . Women, men and children felt unsafe in 99 per cent of sites, respectively.
In 37 per cent of sites  ( down by 1% )  between 25 and 50 per cent of children attended school. In Borno, this was 54 per cent  ( no change from last round of assessment ) , while in 35 per cent of sites  ( no change )  between 50 and 75 per cent of children attended school. Of all assessed sites, less than 25 per cent of children were enrolled in schools in 17 per cent of sites  ( no change in comparison to the last round of assessment but an improvement from the 25% in October round of assessment ) . No children attended school in 3 per cent of sites. The scenario in Borno was different from the overall picture  ( Figure 42, mostly because of the relatively higher number of humanitarian actors in the state.
As of 29 May 2019, the estimated number of IDPs in conflict affected north eastern states Nigerian states of Adamawa, Bauchi, Borno, Gombe, Taraba and Yobe States was 1,980,036 or 392,019 households. The figure represents a nominal increase of 31,687  ( less than 2% )  compared to the previous round of assessment that was conducted in January 2019
Gwoza LGA witnessed an increase of 7,912, bringing its total IDP population to 133,358 individuals. This increase is in part due to the return of displaced persons from neighboring Cameroon. These returns were triggered reportedly due to poor living conditions. Konduga LGA also saw an increase of 6,525 IDPs due to the influx of displaced persons from Kala/Balge LGA, taking its IDP population to 136,591
Overall, in 81 per cent of sites  ( down from 82% in the last round of assessment ) , the main water source was located on site and at a walking distance of less than 10 minutes. In Borno, the main source of water was on site and required less than a 10 minutes' walk in 79 per cent of sites  ( Figure 22 ) This is a drop from 82 per cent recorded in last round of assessment. Water sources had been improved in 59 per cent  ( down from 67% )  of all assessed sites
During this round of assessment, in the state of Borno which is most adversely affected, DTM enumerators could access Nganzai LGA. This resulted in an increase of 9,905 returnees identified.Bama also witnessed an increase in the number of returnees by 22 per cent, bringing the total number of returnees in that LGA to 19,941. Gwoza, with 22 per cent increment, and Dikwa, with 15 per cent increase, were the other two LGAs that witnessed notable increases in returnees.
In 167 sites  ( hosting 162,044 families ) , there were households living in emergency shelters structures primarily provided by humanitarian actors. Of these, 49 sites host more than 75 percent of IDPs on site living in these emergency shelters. In terms of immediate shelter needs, tarpaulin, followed by timber and roofing sheets were reported in 253 sites that hosted 162,141 families. The most needed NFI items were blankets/mats, followed by mosquito nets and kitchen sets.
Mirroring the situation in displacement sites, the most prevalent health ailment among IDPs residing with host community was malaria  ( 53% ) . The situation by State is illustrated in Figure 35. Fever was the next most prominent health issue in 24 per cent of sites  ( up from 16% ) , followed by cough  ( 10%   down from 14% )  and diarrhea in 6 per cent of sites.
Some of the key reasons for this reduction included: people who returned to their place of origin in order to be able to vote during the recent elections but have stayed back and not returned yet, some displaced persons have moved to other locations due to the closure of sites or poor living conditions and some others have made their way to other states like Bauchi and Kebbi.
Unlike the scenario in camps and camp like settings, hand pumps are the main source of water in 52 per cent  ( down from 51% )  of sites where IDPs are residing with host communities. In 23 per cent of sites  ( down from 25% ) , piped water was the main source of drinking water, followed by protected wells  ( 10% )  and unprotected wells  ( 7% ) . Other common water sources include water trucks  ( 6% of sites )  and springs  ( 1% ) .
Acute respiratory infection: In Epi week 25, 5,395 cases of acute respiratory infection were reported through EWARS. Of the reported cases, 454 were from PUI Mobile clinics in MMC, 348 were from Herwa Peace PHC in MMC, 292 were from Ngaranam PHC in MMC. No associated death was reported.
Incidents of children being involved in forced employment were reported in one per cent of the sites  ( this is in line with previous rounds of assessments ) . In 35 per cent of sites  ( up from 31% )  there were no reports of problems in receiving humanitarian assistance. The major problem relating to support had to do with inadequate coverage of the assistance for all those who are entitled to it. This was cited in 60 per cent of sites, this is the same as in Round 26. In two per cent of sites, assistance did not respond to actual needs. Fighting between recipients was reported in one per cent of sites  ( down 1% from Round 26 ) .
Virtually all sites  ( 99% )  had access to health facilities. Sixty one per cent of sites  ( down by 9% )  had health facilities available on site and within three kilometers; 30 per cent  ( up from 26% )  had access to health facilities off site but within 3 kilometers; mobile clinics were found in 2 per cent of sites and the health facility was offsite and more than 3 kilometers away in 1 per cent of sites.
Separate toilets for male and female IDPs were available in 34 per cent  ( down from 42% )  of sites; this figure was 33 per cent  ( down from 43% )  in Borno state. In Yobe, 38 percent of sites  ( down from 46  )  had separate toilets for men and women. Only 5 per cent of toilets locked from inside. Thirty three  ( down from 37.2% )  per cent of toilets did not lock from inside.
In 205 sites  ( hosting 129,530 families )  a number of households lived in makeshift or self made shelters, of which 66 sites where more than 75 percent of the total IDPs on site live in makeshift shelters. In 76 sites no household lived in makeshift shelters
The average amount of water available per person per day was 10 to 15 liters in 58 per cent  ( up from 49% )  of sites. This figure was 60 per cent over the last 2 rounds of assessments published in November and August, respectively. In 31 per cent  ( up from 15% )  of sites, it was more than 15 liters per person and in 12 per cent  ( down from 13% )  of sites IDPs had an average of 5 to 10 liters per person. Drinking water was potable in 93 per cent  ( up from 91% )  of sites with Borno still faring relatively better at 95 per cent.
Twenty five per cent of IDPs had access to food off site and 19 per cent had no access to food. Ninety seven per cent of sites  ( up from 96% )  had access to markets, although the frequency of obtaining food or cash vouchers was irregular in 64 per cent of sites  ( up from 63% ) . Reportedly, food or cash voucher distribution never took place in 20 per cent  ( down from 22% )  of sites and once a month in 10 per cent of sites  ( down by 13% ) .
In comparison with IDPs residing in displacement sites, the number of individuals with access to food on site continues to be lower for IDPs residing in host communities  ( Figure 30 ) . 56 per cent  ( by 2% )  of sites had access to food on site. This was the case for 61 per cent of sites assessed in Borno
1.7 million IDPs were recorded in February 2018. This number increased to 2 million by October 2018. Similarly, 110 LGAs with 807 wards were accessible during Round 25 and only 2 LGAs were inaccessible, namely: Abadam and Marte. But in Round 26, 13 wards were inaccessible and populous LGAs like Guzamala, Kukawa and Kala/Balge in the most affected State of Borno were no longer accessible. Likewise, in Round 27, only 107 LGAs were accessible.LGAs like Guzamala, Kukawa and Kala/ Balge remained inaccessible. Access was gained in 1 ward since Round 26 was conducted in January 2019.
Handwashing stations were found in 5 per cent of sites  ( same as in stations were found in 5 per cent of sites  ( same as in November round of assessment )  but nearly none of them had soap. In Borno, 8 per cent of toilets had handwashing facilities. The practice of handwashing was, however, observed in 15 per cent  ( up by 1% )  of sites, although hygiene promotion campaigns had taken place in 27 per cent of sites.
Water, Sanitation and Hygiene  ( WASH )  facilities were available in 75 per cent  ( an 11% decrease since the last round )  of sites, while no WASH facilities were found in 25 per cent of sites.
The number, however, is lower than the 2,026,602 IDPs recorded in Round 25, which was carried out before the onset of the current escalation of violence in October 2018. The number of areas accessible to humanitarian actors has been steadily decreasing on account of the exponential increase in attacks and kidnappings by Non State Armed Groups  ( NSAG ) , counter offensives by the Nigerian security forces and the overall deterioration in the security situation
In Bauchi state, about 4,984 were people affected by the flooding, whilst 280 households were displaced 7 deaths recorded. The flooding struck Bakin Ruwa, Rilway Kobi Street and Miri in Bauchi metropolis. During the same period other locations of federal low cost, Yelwa, Kagadama, Yakubu Wanna Street and Fadama were affected as houses collapsed resulting in the deaths recorded. In Ondo state about 3,200 people were affected by the floods, with a total number of 2,000 people having been displaced by the floods and 40 reported injured.
Malaria: In Epi week 25, 4,387 cases of confirmed malaria were reported through EWARS. Of the reported cases, 335 were from General Hospital in Biu, 181 were from Shuwari Host community clinic in Damboa, 180 were from Briyel MCH in Bayo, 129 were from Uba General Hospital in Askira Uba and 120 were from 250 Housing Estate  ( Kofa )  Camp Clinic in Konduga. 2 confirmed malaria associated deaths were reported from Yawi Dispensary, Biu.
The affected households relocated to host families or in transit sites such as school used as IDP camp. With the extreme rains continuing in most parts of Nigeria, the needs of the affected communities remained critical. The poor and fragile shelter condition exposed children and the most vulnerable people including elderly and people with low mobility to risks of respiratory and waterborne diseases. This was exacerbated by the congestion in the host family shelters. In Katsina, families moved to an already existing transit camp  ( school structure )  and placed pressure on existing facilities. There were a few  ( diarrhoeal )  gastroenteric cases recorded in the katsina transit camp.
During the operation, some communities were not accessible due to the flooding as the roads were impassable and this delayed assessment. Also, as the communities were located in the outskirts of town which was a distance from the city centre, rescue and evacuations were done with speed boats and canoes but no life jackets.
The affected population in the rural communities were left with no option due the high water levels than to seek refuge in the IDP camp  ( nearby Primary School )  used as shelter. Those residing in the overcrowded IDP camp shelter were exposed to gender based violence  ( GBV )  and health risk  ( e.g. respiratory infection )  because of poor water and sanitation and limited toilet facility, and open defecation. No GBV issues was reported, identified or discovered during the operation. Besides, the NS has limited capacity in the area of GBV.
Within the period of 17   23 June, a total of 3,700 movements were recorded, including 2,190 arrivals and 1,510 departures. Arrivals were recorded at loca�ons in Askira/Uba, Bama, Biu, Damboa, Gwoza, Hawul, Kala Balge, Mobbar, Monguno and Ngala Local Government Areas  ( LGAs )  of Borno state and loca�ons in Demsa, Fufore, Girei, Gombi, Guyuk, Hong, Madagali, Maiha, Mayo Belwa, Michika, Mubi North, Mubi South, Numan, Song, Yola North and Yola South LGAs of Adamawa state. Departures were recorded at Askira/Uba, Damboa, Gwoza and Kala Balge LGAs of Borno state and loca�ons in Demsa, Fufore, Girei, Guyuk, Hong, Madagali, Maiha, Mayo Belwa, Michika, Mubi North, Mubi South, Song, Yola North and Yola South LGAs of Adamawa state.
Askira/Uba: 306 arrivals and 177 departures were recorded in Askira/Uba LGA of Borno state. These include 117 arrivals from Mussa ward tracked at Chull/Rumirgo ward, 82 arrivals from Uba ward tracked at Kopa/Multhfu ward and 16 arrivals from Chull/Ramirgo ward tracked at Wamdeo/Giwi ward of Askira/Uba LGA. Other arrivals include 28 from Manadara Girau ward of Biu LGA, 9 from Maisandari ward of Maiduguri and 54 arrivals from Girei LGA of Adamawa state. Departures include 17 from Sarau A ward of Maiha LGA and 632 from Nguru LGA of Yobe state. 57% of the new arrivals reported to have relocated due to improved security, 38% due to fear of a�ack while 5% was due to poor living condi�ons. 19% of the departure was due to fear of a�ack, 8% due to poor living condi�ons while 72% was voluntary.
Bama: 287 arrivals were recorded in Bama LGA of Borno state. These include 62 arrivals from Marwa in Cameroon, 29 arrivals from Bolori I ward and 18 arrivals from Lamisula/Jabbari ward of Jere LGA. Other arrivals include 43 from Goniri ward, 106 from Boduwa/Bula Chirabe ward, 23 from Kote ward and 6 from Darajamal ward of Bama LGA tracked at Shehuri/Hausari/Mairi ward of Bama LGA. 49% of the new arrivals reported to have relocated due to military opera�on while 83% relocated voluntarily
Gwoza: 239 arrivals and 5 departures were recorded in Gwoza LGA of Borno state. These include 184 arrivals from Darajamal ward of Bama LGA, 16 arrivals from Mafa ward of Mafa LGA and 11 arrivals from Pulka/Bokko ward of Gwoza LGA tracked at Gwoza Wakane/Bulabulin ward of Gwoza LGA. Other arrivals include 13 from Sanye LGA, 8 from Madagali LGA and 7 from Mubi North LGA of Adamawa state. 5 departures from Bulabulin ward were tracked at Pulka/Bokko ward of Gwoza LGA. 89% of the new arrivals reported to have relocated due poor living condi�ons while 11% relocated voluntarily. All the departure was voluntary
An exhaus�ve nutri�on screening using monitoring of symptoms of acute malnutri�on mid upper arm circumference  ( MUAC )  and Oedema was conducted by Nutri�on Sector partners for 261 children of 6 59 months. Of the 261 children screened, the MUAC reading was: 9 children  ( 4 from inaccessible and 5 from accessible area )  were in the Red category, 27 were in the Yellow category and 225 were measured in the Green category. No case of Oedema was reported in the 7 LGAs
The results also include 94 children from neighbouring Cameroon and Republic of Niger  ( 30 moved to Bama, 2 to Gwoza, 12 to Mobbar while 50 moved to Ngala ) . Out of the 94 children measured, 4 were in the red category, 80 were in the green category and 10 children were in the yellow category. All children found with severe acute malnutri�on have been admi�ed for treatment. The data presented is not surveillance results and should be interpreted with cau�on.
As the crisis in northeast Nigeria enters its 10 year, the operational environment continues to be complex, challenging, and is dominated by insecurity and a heavily militarized context. While there has been significant system wide scale up of the operation in the last three years, the response requires more sustained attention. 2019 has seen a dramatic increase in IDP movement due to insecurity, an inability of the humanitarian community to respond to the emergening huge needs of the displaced population in different areas and IDPs camps.
Humanitarian organisations have limited access to areas outside Damboa town. They carry out most of their operations wards outside Damboa town: Damboa Central, Nzuda, Gumsuri and Azir Multe wards. Due to insecurity, farming activities can only be carried out within a two kilometer radius outside the town, and cropping is restricted to small, vinyl plants that grow close to the ground, like legumes. Humanitarian personnel and cargo traveling by road require an armed escort.
Between 7 and 10 June 2019, 13 measles related deaths were reported in the IDP for the week of 10 June 2019, high cases of diarrhea were recorded. 50 percent of medical consultations showed cases of respiratory tract infections, 30 percent malaria, and measles and 20 percent diarrhea cases. No suspected cases of cholera have been reported.
Cholera outbreak/Adamwa state: on 17 June the Adamawa State government has officially declared outbreak of cholera in 3 LGAs namely Yola North, Yola South and Girei. The total number of cases reported as at 17th June, 2019 stands at 76 cases with 1 death  ( CFR=1.32% ) . Yola North has 44 cases with 1 death  ( CFR= 2.27% ) ; Girei has 31 cases with 0 deaths  ( CFR=0% )  and Yola South has 1 new case which turned out to be culture positive and PCR confirmed the classical 01 Sero type. So far 6 samples have grown vibrio from all the affected LGAs. The local coordination forum situated at the Yola North secretariat for the 3 LGAs  ( Yola South, Yola North & Girei )  is ongoing.
Suspected Measles: Two hundred and Six  ( 206 )  suspected measles cases were reported through EWARS in week 25. Of the reported cases, 82 were from Gwange PHC in MMC, 13 were from PUI Mobile Clinics in MMC, 10 cases each from Damasak MCH in Mobbar and Muna Garage IDP camp clinic A in Jere and 6 were from Herwa Peace PHC in MMC. No associated death was reported.
Now in its tenth year, the conflict continues to uproot the lives of tens of thousands of civilians. In recent months, a new spike in violence and military counter operations have affected civilians in the BAY states, particularly in Borno State. Since January, some 134,000 people have been forced from their homes. In total, 7.1 million people need life saving humanitarian assistance across the states of Borno, Adamawa and Yobe. Their livelihoods have been affected by violence, deepening chronic vulnerabilities – food insecurity, malnutrition and epidemics. Nearly 3 million people face food insecurity and malnutrition is threatening more than one million children.
IDP children are at higher risk of lacking access to education, and schools are not yet functional in several areas of IDP return. In inaccessible areas, many children, especially girls, are reported to be deprived of any education.
Food security needs and barriers to farming are more severe in the central LGAs assessed  ( Bama, Gwoza, Dikwa, and Ngala )  relative to northern LGAs. In the central LGAs, populations frequently resorted to all season foraging for wild foods; reported more severe movement restrictions, more severe retributions by armed groups when movements occurred, more frequent harvest confiscations and very limited access to food that can lead to severe hunger. Satellite data confirmed reduced agricultural activity in these areas. In northern LGAs, satellite imagery and key informant reports indicated more frequent ongoing harvest activity. Coping mechanisms utilized in the north were relatively less extreme, such as borrowing food or restricting meals, and while harvest confiscations were also frequently reported, identified food security needs were less dire than for populations in the central LGAs assessed.
In Damboa LGA, overall the PHC services are running smoothly for the newly arrived displaced population however, health partners will need additional resources to fill critical gaps, maintain these services and to avoid any disruption in health services delivery. Reported cases of measles among the new arrivals is a worrying development given the present level of overcrowding in limited spaces they are staying, including outside open spaces.
10,358 individuals arrived in Damboa within the period of 23 May   06 June 2019. 10,358 individuals or 2,236 households register. 8,935 individuals are living outside shelter. Key health partners on ground are MdM, UNICEF, IMC, ICRC and WHO providing essential PHC services. Partners through the MHPSS working group are supporting psychosocial and mental health care. Six health facilities are functional  three IDP camp clinics, one PHC, two health posts/clinics. Close to 30,000 population was residing in Damoba town before new displacement.
Of the total 1,6 million returnees, 421,000 have various shelter and NFI needs. Returnees living in return areas with a high number of returnees and living in partially burnt houses or in self made/makeshift shelters are the most vulnerable.
The humanitarian situation in north east Nigeria is a protection crisis. The conflict continues to be characterized by deliberate attacks against civilians, including: killings; sexual violence, in particular against girls and women; abductions; burning of homes and destruction of schools; and targeted use of IEDs. It is estimated that more than 27,000 civilians have been killed to date.
The 2018 cholera outbreak across the BAY states has been particularly deadly. At least 18 LGAs have been affected with 4,250 cases reported, including 112 associated deaths, with women and children disproportionally affected. This includes 33 per cent of cases with 24 per cent associated deaths in Borno State; 48 per cent with 28 per cent associated deaths in Adamawa State and the remaining in Yobe State. The outbreaks, especially in Adamawa and Yobe states, reveal the lack of structural WASH investments.
According to the latest Cadre Harmonisé  ( CH )  analysis, people in the BAY states in CH phases 3 and 4 are in need of various types of food security and livelihoods assistance. This population includes 1,200,265 IDPs; 690,827 returnees  ( both IDP and refugee returnees ) ; 665,905 people in host communities, particularly resident farmers, herders and those engaged in fishery who have lost their means of livelihoods or are unable to safely access land/water for farming, grazing and fishing; and 178,608 people in inaccessible areas.
Gender Based Violence is widespread in the region. Urgent medical care is often required as GBV seriously affects all aspects of women's health, especially for an estimated 700,000 women and adolescent girls of reproductive health age who might be at risk of sexual violence and exploitation.
Populations face significant obstacles to access secondary health care and referral services, especially in inaccessible areas, due to a combination of critical loss of ambulance services and lack of specialized health care providers. Only 39 per cent of health facilities have a functional referral mechanism to a higher level of care and one out of two secondary health care facilities is damaged/destroyed and non functional.
As a result, girls are at increased risk of dropping out of schools and being denied their right to basic education. The north east has the highest Out of School Children  ( OOSC )  ratio  ( 40 per cent of the country ratio ) . Girls in the north east represent one out of two OOSC in country. The situation is even more dire in Borno State, where up to 70.7 per cent of girls  ( of primary school age )  are out of school   the highest percentage in the country.
indicating that conditions in some locations have improved. Humanitarian organisations
The year 2018 saw additional displacement of thousands of people every month, many coming from inaccessible areas to main centers and in an extremely vulnerable state. Over the first eleven months of 2018, nearly 214,000 individuals, mainly women and children, were displaced, with a weekly average of 4,500 individuals. Prior to this, the weekly average was 1,400.⁹
The process of screening new arrivals from these areas often results in extended military detention, particularly of adolescent boys and men, with reports of serious injuries and even death during detention.58 IDPs from these areas also face stigmatization and discrimination on suspicion of affiliation with the non state actors.
There is also high demand amongst affected populations for income generation opportunities, yet restrictions, especially for women and girls, on freedom of movement in Borno State, including in and out of IDP camps and camp like settings, are an inhibiting factor that exposes them to many protection risks, including sexual exploitation and abuse. Meaningful and contextualized livelihood activities also need to incorporate re integration needs of women and youth formerly associated with armed groups.
There are regular reports of extra judicial killings, use of torture, arbitrary arrests and detention, enforced disappearances, rape and other forms of sexual violence, and targeting of IDP camps where civilians sought refuge, for example during the January and October attacks on IDP camps in Dalori, Borno State. Further, destruction of civilian infrastructure and assets has been severe, with an estimated infrastructure damage of US$ 9.2 billion and accumulated output losses of US$ 8.3 billion. Borno State has been the hardest hit by far.
Children under 18 years of age constitute 61 per cent of the IDP, returnee and other affected populations; one out of two affected children are girls  ( 55 per cent ) . Out of 3.2 million people in need, 1.2 million  ( 55 per cent female )  are IDPs, 1.1 million  ( 55 per cent female )  returnees, 560,000  ( 55 per cent female )  people in inaccessible areas and 375,000  ( 52 per cent female )  people in host communities.
Across the BAY states, 5.3 million people will need health care services, including 1.4 million IDPs, 1.3 million returnees, 823,000 in inaccessible areas, and 1.8 million people living in host communities. Among the affected population close to 800,000 are women and girls of reproductive health age. Around 0.3 million elderly people will need special medical care and attention as they are more exposed to chronic disease like cardio vascular disease, diabetes, cancer, tuberculosis, etc.
Across the three states most affected by conflict, Borno State accounts for 65 per cent, while Adamawa and Yobe account for 25 per cent and 10 per cent of the total population in need of GBV protection respectively. It's important to note that key drivers of the conflict such as displacement, returns, among others, still remain the same thereby continuing to exacerbate the occurrence of incidents of GBV.
North east Nigeria is one of the world's largest protection crises, in which civilians face serious risks to their safety, well being and basic rights. Since the start of the conflict in 2009, more than 27,0001 people have been killed in the BAY states, thousands of women and girls abducted and hundreds of children used as human bombs. Attacks on camps for internally displaced people continue to be carried out and threaten those living in the camps, which are places of safe haven.
The majority of crisis affected people have experienced violence, repeated displacement, loss of or separation from family members, loss and destruction of property, deterioration of living conditions, disruption of livelihoods, accumulated stress, and weakened resilience. Particularly vulnerable groups that suffer the most and whose vulnerabilities are the highest include children, the elderly, female headed households  ( FHH ) , particularly adolescent FHH, who are forced into a role as breadwinners, and people with disabilities as they are less able to fend for themselves and less likely to access services without assistance.
Lack of access to safe water and other WASH facilities poses specific protection risks including sexual violence and harassment. In most households in the BAY states, women and children are responsible for fetching water. In addition, only 38 per cent of latrines are segregated by sex  ( 39 per cent in Borno State; 44 per cent in Yobe State )  and 31 per cent of latrines do not have lock inside, which make latrines unsafe or potentially inaccessible for women and girls.
In 2018, over 3,472 cholera cases have been reported across Borno  ( 947 ) , Adamawa  ( 2050 )  and Yobe  ( 474 )  states2. In Borno State, densely populated areas of Maiduguri and Jere LGAs have reported high numbers of cholera cases. Other LGAs in Borno State  ( Mobbar, Gwoza, Ngala, Kala Balge and Bama )  have also been affected due to congested living environment in IDPs camps and host communities and poor sanitation infrastructure.
An estimated 2.2 million school age children and teachers in the BAY states are affected and in need of immediate education assistance. This includes over 2 million children, including 731,000 IDPs, 640,000 returnees and 395,000 children in inaccessible areas.
The conflict in the north east has had a devastating impact on the psychosocial and mental well being of more than two million girls  ( 46 per cent ) , boys  ( 37 per cent )  and caregivers  ( 17 per cent ) . In addition, adolescent boys and girls need life skills support to help them cope better with the threats and challenges occasioned by the conflict.
Furthermore, widespread intimate partner violence, including physical assault, denial of resources and psychosocial and emotional abuse, have been exacerbated as a result of the conflict and economic decline.
Today 1.8 million people are internally displaced, and new displacement is ongoing. The crisis has impacted women, men, girls and boys, and people with special needs differently, and their vulnerabilities, as well as coping mechanisms vary. Women and girls have been targeted with rape, abduction, to serve as “sex slaves', and also conscripted into a broad spectrum of roles including serving as spies and human being forced to carry person borne improvised explosive devices  ( PBIED ) .
The ongoing conflict continues to negatively impact the already fragile nutrition situation due to frequent outbreaks of water borne diseases, limited access to health services and safe drinking water, food insecurity and inappropriate IYCF, especially during the rainy season  ( June to August ) , and limited access to land and farming due to restrictions on freedom of movement and the UXO/IED contamination or risk thereof.
People with specific needs  ( single parents, female headed households, unaccompanied and separated children, single elderly, physically disabled, and children forced into labor )  include women  ( 20 per cent ) , children  ( with 23 per cent under five ) , and elderly people  ( 3 per cent )  as they are more prone to domestic violence, abuse, harassment and exploitation.
The sector prioritises 1.3 million people, including 783,000 IDPs in camps and settlements147; 492,000 people in inaccessible areas; and 57,000 returning refugees in camps and settlements. Borno State remains the epicenter of the crisis in terms of displacement, and currently hosts 96 per cent of IDPs in sites  ( 753,900 people ) , while 16,500 are in Adamawa State and 13,200 in Yobe State. Further prioritisation is towards people with specific needs including women  ( 20 per cent ) , children  ( with 23 percent under five years )  and elderly  ( 4 per cent ) .
As these conditions of violence and insecurity persist, civilians continue to bear the brunt of a conflict that has led to widespread forced displacement, abuse, violations of basic human rights and destruction of civilian property. Since 2009, more than 27,0002 people have been killed and hundreds of women and girls abducted. In 2017, 1463 children  ( mainly girls )  were forced to carry PBIEDs and from January to end September 2018, 46 children were used in attacks.
About 10 per cent of children suffering from SAM are estimated to have medical complications. The management of acute malnutrition with medical complication services in the BAY states has been outstretched. The situation might even worsen in light of proxy analysis revealing that 34% of the children from inaccessible areas are suffering from SAM. People with conflict related disabilities and chronic injuries also need special attention and medical care.
In Adamawa State, households worst affected by flooding, farmer/pastoralist conflict, and cattle rustling have below average crop production and face difficulty meeting their food needs. The flood has destroyed growing crops and may negatively affect the harvest of maize and rice in the state.
Family separation  ( affecting 52 per cent girls ) , abduction and recruitment by armed groups  ( affecting 57 per cent girls ) , among other grave child rights violations and sexual violence have directly affected at least 49,500 girls and boys  ( 51 per cent girls ) 75. Additionally, girls and boys affected are increasingly at risk of being engaged in hazardous forms of labour.
Extreme weather in the north east affects regularly both shelter needs and camp conditions. This includes the Harmattan sandy season  ( October to January )  with strong and dry winds, the hot season  ( February to May )  and the rainy season  ( June to September )  with heavy rain and wind storms.