nlp-thedeep/humsetbias huggingface dataset:
Migrants in Swani Bin Adam have been affected by the armed conflicts in the municipality during the reporting period. Explosions near migrants' workplacesas well as lockdown procedures during the month of April further worsened their living conditions as food and Non Food Items price spikes were recorded
The majority  ( 93% )  of Egyptian migrants travelled to Libya directly while a minority  ( 3% )  reported travelling through Sudan or Tunisia  ( 1% )  before entering Libya. The remaining  ( 3% )  reported using other routes. Nearly a third of Egyptian migrants  ( 30% )  mentioned that they entered Libya through unofficial border crossing points, whereas 68% entered through official ones.
The June 2020 WFP Vulnerability Analysis Mapping  ( VAM )  for the Middle East and North Africa included Libya as one of the countries whose levels of nutrition are most affected by the coronavirus related restrictions and its impact on the economy
The June 2020 WFP Libya VAM highlights that 76 per cent of Libyans have adopted negative livelihood coping strategies to address a lack of resources during the pandemic. For 87 per cent of displaced households the reliance on coping strategies is higher.
The postponement of school openings  ( to mid July )  is putting extra pressure and stress particularly on women who have the extra burden of providing home schooling and dealing with the negative impact of confinement and curfew on children. This is exacerbated by the worsening of the economic situation and related impacts on people's access to work and livelihoods, which is increasing the risks of domestic violence.
Women and girls, especially refugees and asylum seekers, are facing challenges in accessing public health due to lack of documentation required by many public health facilities. Pregnant women about to give birth are particularly challenged in public hospitals because a marriage certificate is needed among the required documentation and they are also required to be accompanied by the husband. As a result, some pregnant women are choosing to deliver at home, presenting risks to themselves and their baby.
Due to power outages in many parts of the western region, people had been unable to get continued supply of water through pumping from boreholes
Under WHO's transmission scenarios, Libya remains classified as “clusters of cases'. In the past two weeks, the number of people infected with COVID 19 has risen to 1268. Of this number, 926 people remain actively infected with COVID 19, 306 people have recovered and 36 people have died. The national case fatality rate is 2.84
ONE IN THREE migrants in Libya were found to be potentially food insecure6
Libya has begun treatment for the Coronavirus by using blood plasma of patients who have recovered from the virus.
• Being an import dependent country, adverse exchange rates and restrictions imposed by exporting countries to reduce food supply. Over the next few months, food shortages across the country are highly likely as Libya usually imports most of its food items. Over the next few months, food shortages across the country are highly likely as Libya usually imports most of its food items. This is further compounded by the ongoing conflict, as most of the arable land in and around the capital, as well in the southern region have been affected.
Libya has a mix of semi arid and arid climatic conditions. Rainfall is very limited and its volume and distribution vary from year to year, primarily along the coastline. Consequently, agriculture is primarily dependent on irrigation. Groundwater represents the main source of water supply
• At 6 out of the remaining 8 municipalities where migrants were observed to be present at work recruitment points, key informants identified that the number of migrants present at these recruitment points was lower than usual indicating an impact of restrictions on movement on their ability to access livelihoods; • In 50% of the assessed municipalities migrants were reported to be unable to move freely within the municipality due to restrictions on freedom of movement as public health measures
As of 15 June, the number of positive COVID 19 cases increased to 454 with a total of 10 deaths reported. Both the authorities and the health sector have expressed concern over the rapid increase in cases in the south of Libya.
Key informants in all municipalities  ( except Tobruk )  reported that the resident populations  ( IDPs, migrants, host community )  were negatively affected due to restrictions on freedom of movement imposed as public health measures to curb the spread of COVID 19; The negative impact on residents ranged from difficulties faced in accessing work and livelihood opportunities, disproportionately affecting those dependent on casual labour livelihoods and daily wages, and also in some cases preventing residents from accessing markets for purchase of daily use food and non food items
In nearly half of the municipalities assessed residents were reported to be not allowed and unable to go out of the municipality area due to restrictions on movements; however in all municipalities IDPs were reported to be allowed to come in  ( if and when in need of protection and shelter ) ;
According to data from the National Centre for Disease Control  ( NCDC ) , the Sebha region  ( southern Libya )  has been disproportionately hit by COVID 19, with 45% of the total number of cases in the country and a positivity rate of 22.5%  ( 571 confirmed cases among 2536 samples tested ) . Sebha, the main city in the south, continues to register the highest numbers of cases of COVID 19 nationwide, although there are some discrepancies in the data reported by national and local authorities
The majority  ( 93% )  of Egyptian migrants travelled to Libya directly while a minority  ( 3% )  reported travelling through Sudan or Tunisia  ( 1% )  before entering Libya. The remaining  ( 3% )  reported using other routes.
IDPs are involved in all stages of the crop cycle, from land preparation and fertilizer and pesticide application, until harvesting and selling of food commodities. Moreover, IDPs are often involved in livestock rearing. IDPs reported working in agricultural activities because they either had previous work experience in the sector, or because agriculture is considered one of the fields that do not require high educational qualifications. At the same time, there is a high demand of unskilled labour in the agricultural sector. By working in agriculture, IDPs reported having better access to food and to generate income at a faster pace compared to other limited job opportunities.
Healthcare workers reported that there is shortage of staff, equipment and medicines resulting in many facilities being closed or operating at significantly reduced capacity2
After approximately four years of stalemate between the rival parallel authorities, conflict intensified once again in April 2019 when the LNA launched an offensive to take western Libya, after having expanded its presence to the South of the country. This conflict continues with various international actors providing economic and material support to both sides.
Access challenges to basic services, including water and electricity, has hindered the development of the agricultural and manufacturing sectors, both as a result of national and tribal conflicts and general insecurity. The same factors have resulted in a reduction in education and vocational training as well as high unemployment levels.
In 34% of assessed locations, migrants were reported to be unable to move freely within the municipality  ( dueIn continuation with the trend observed during the last two weeks of April, the most significant impact of COVID 19 related mobility restrictions was found to be on migrants to the mobility restrictions / curfew )
Migrants travel to Libya for a variety of reasons, including the lack of job opportunities, insufficient household income, conflict, food insecurity and limited education opportunities at home.
Migrants, refugees and asylum seekers intercepted at sea and returned to Libya must be provided with COVID 19 testing to prevent them falling through the cracks and being unable to access the care they need, the International Rescue Committee warns.
Following years of neglect and under investment in the health sector, Libya is illequipped to tackle COVID 19. A recent health sector assessment found that only just over half of communities had emergency health services or health care services for children, and just under half had any kind of general clinical services. The situation is even worse when it comes to reproductive health care. Mental health services are basically non existent
Systematic looting, widespread damage, the absence of basic services such as water and electricity, and the presence of mines/ERW, appears to be making returns to some retaken areas of Tripoli very dangerous   as residents reportedly face ongoing threats to their lives and property
Migrants are responsible for conducting many activities in crop production, from land preparation and the application of fertilizers and pesticides, to harvesting and selling of agricultural products. Migrant workers also breed livestock and either work as seasonal casual workers during specific periods of the year or they work throughout the year in the same farm where they are often hosted. They may also be involved in securing the farms and properties. If not hosted by the farms' owners, they live near the working place and they commute on a daily basis. According to the migrants interviewed, they do not have access to agricultural land. In some cases it may be possible to rent land; however, migrants do not have the necessary cash to pay for the land rental and buy all necessary means to cultivate or raise animals.
KIs from southern neighbourhoods of the city, such as Ain Zara and Salah al Din, reported that people are returning in large numbers. However, KIs from other areas, especially those along Airport Road, south of the city, reported that only very small numbers of individuals were returning permanently, with most only carrying out “go and see' visits
Among children under 5 years of age, infectious diseases also predominate, both in the local population and among IDPs households, in particular the high prevalence of diarrhea, which is evidence of inadequate access to water and/or poor hygiene practices at the household level.
With a population of 404,700, the Fezzan region has pre desert and desert climatic conditions, with high temperatures and large daily thermal variations.
Precipitation is rare and irregular and annual rainfall is extremely low. With very limited perennial water resources, southern Libya relies almost completely on non renewable groundwater resources, with over 99 percent of agriculture in the Fezzan region depending on groundwater.
Regarding the nutritional situation of PLWs, among the 142 screened with MUAC, 76% had an adequate nutritional status while 22% appeared to suffer from MAM and 2% from SAM.
Out of the 522 who cited a loss of income, when asked what impact this loss of income had on their everyday lives, 356 refugees and migrants noted “I am unable to afford basic goods' followed by increased worry and anxiety  ( 245 ) , and an inability to pay remittances  ( 208 ) .
With the country's Coronavirus cases still increasing, Libya's Tripoli based government extended the country's  ( west and south )  8pm to 6am curfew for another ten days from tomorrow – taking it to 7 July. Yesterday, Libya's National Centre for Disease Control  ( NCDC )  reported 28 new positive Coronavirus cases, taking the total to 698 with 140 recoveries and 18 deaths.
The ongoing civil war has led to a dire humanitarian situation and the destruction of the country's healthcare capacity and other basic infrastructure.
The suspension of the UNHAS flights continued throughout the entire month. UNHAS flights have not been able to operate since 23 March 2020 due to lack of clearances from Tunisian authorities as well as COVID 19 related restrictions. In addition, commercial flights continued to be suspended during the month, also due to COVID 19 measures, causing further challenges for humanitarians to access the country.
893,000 people in need of humanitarian assistance. Humanitarian partners reported a total of 1,023 access constraints during May 2020. Out of 1,023 reported access constraints, 768 are directly or indirectly linked to COVID 19 imposed restrictions, precautionary measures and elements. Several of these constraints existed before the COVID 19 crisis but were exacerbated by the emergence of COVID 19 restrictions.
Of those who stated that community members had stopped working, all except for some KIs representing Libyan non displaced and IDPs, stated that they had also lost income.
KIs were asked what information led to people deciding to return. The main sources cited were media reports  ( including print, TV and online )  covering recent developments in the city, followed by information provided by other community members or neighbours  ( 7/18 ) .
Overall, the total percentage of bureaucratic constraints reported  ( restrictions of humanitarian elements in getting access into Libya and within Libya )  equal 91% of all reported constraints.
Both REACH and MMC reveal that many people continue to be unable to access livelihoods, especially those who relied on temporary work or daily labour
Most of the HHs and people interviewed through the FGDs and KIIs reported that the local population is consuming less preferred food and reducing the number of meals per day as coping strategies. People engage in these coping mechanisms because of 1 )  unproductive agriculture due to scarcity of water and electricity, inputs and the challenges caused by the prolonged crisis, 2 )  less income available to purchase the required amount of food, 3 )  the decreased availability of preferred food in shops/ markets and 4 )  the high increase and volatility of food commodity prices on the market. This is further aggravated by the high annual food inflation rate registered since the start of the crisis in 2011.
A total of 39 reports indicated that military operations and ongoing hostilities impeded humanitarian operations during the month. This constitutes approximately 4% of all reported access constraints and incidents. The ongoing fighting and shelling in addition to the presence of armed groups have caused delays in humanitarian operations and in some instances, has led some organizations to restructure their programming. Military operations also significantly impacted public facilities that provided basic services such as healthcare. On some occasions, certain locations, such as Tarhuna, could not be accessed by several humanitarian actors because of the ongoing military activity in the area.
Two healthcare workers elaborated to say that there is a shortage of staff, equipment and medicines, and that this is the case in the majority of public healthcare facilities in the city
Both REACH and MMC data revealed that the lack of income resulting from the loss of work continues to impact people's ability to cover basic needs
After the first cases were detected in March 2020, the Government of Libya took steps to control its spread including further border closures, import restrictions and restrictions on the movement of food supplies, as well as the closure of schools, markets and some businesse
The oil production has almost come to a standstill in Libya after pro Haftar groups shut down oil facilities in eastern parts of the country in January.
As food in Libya is mainly imported, food price inflation is strongly affected by currency exchange rate dynamics, the country's import and tax policies and other import constraints. Other macroeconomic factors that affect food inflation are the inconsistent exchange rate between the United States Dollar  ( USD )  and the Libyan Dinar  ( LYD )  due to the depreciation of the national currency and the lack of bank liquidity.
96% of migrants departing Sudan interviewed in Libya, reported entering Libya directly, whereas the rest reported to have transited through either Chad, Egypt or Tunisia. Only 32% of the total sample reported to have entered through an official border crossing point
82% of the interviewed migrants indicated that they travelled in groups comprised mainly of fellow migrants. Only 18% of the migrants from Bangladesh reported to have travelled alone. The vast majority  ( 97% )  reportedly entered Libya through official point of entries.
The most common route reported by migrants departing from Mali  ( 43% )  was through Niger, while 31% reported to have travelled through Burkina Faso and then Niger to reach Libya
97% of the migrants departing Nigeria who were interviewed in Libya reported to have transited through Niger. The remaining 3% reported to have used various routes through Chad, Niger, Tunisia and Algeria. 60% of the interviewed migrants were in South Libya, whereas 35% were in the west
During round 30 DTM Mobility Tracking data collection  ( March   April 2020 ) , 625,638 migrants were identified in Libya. 93% of the migrants in Libya were reported to be adults, whereas 7% were reported to be children.
80% of the migrants from Tunisia were interviewed in Western Libya, whereas a percentage of 20% was interviewed in Eastern Libya.
The majority of female migrants  ( 58% )  and migrant children  ( 74% )  were identified in the Western Libya
Geographic analysis of the migrant population identified in Libya during round 30 data collection shows that 46% of the migrants in Libya were present in the western regions of Libya, while 29% were present in the eastern and 25% in the southern regions of Libya
Migrants from Bangladesh represented the largest cohort with 19,710 migrants  ( 43% of the migrants from Asia/Middle East )  identified during the reporting period. This was followed by 18,277 Syrian nationals  ( including refugees )  identified in Libya, and 5,013 Palestinian nationals.
As of 30 April 2020, a total of 3,283 migrants were rescued and subsequently returned to the Libyan shores by the Libyan Coast Guard  ( LCG ) . Among the total number of rescued migrants, there were 178 children as well as 286 women.
Furthermore, the number of reported fatalities remains extremely worrying. At least 146 individuals were reported to have died this year as of the 29th of April 2020 while attempting to cross the Mediterranean Sea via the Central Mediterranean Route.
According to the April Joint Market Monitoring Initiative  ( JMMI )  report, food prices have significantly increased across most provinces. The food component of the Minimum Expenditure Basket  ( MEB )  has risen by an average of 26.6 percent since the imposition of COVID 19 restrictions. In the South, it has increased by as much as 42.6 percent.
As most vulnerable households depend on local markets, they are highly susceptible to rising food prices. Prices are also being inflated by traders reducing the amount of certain foods in markets, storing supplies to sell later at higher prices when food is scarcer. As such, many areas are reporting food availability problems.
In addition to COVID related border closures and import restrictions, movement of food supplies has been disrupted among the three regions due to conflict, as well as government movement controls and militia checkpoints.
All KIs interviewed reported that people are returning to their neighbourhoods, but the overall numbers and the nature of returns varied considerably. KIs from Ain Zara, Salah al Din, Khallat al Furjan, reported that returns were happening in large numbers, with several thousands reportedly returning, both individuals and families.
Libya's state National Oil Corporation  ( NOC ) announced that it had today lifted its force majeure on all oil exports. It reported that he first vessel to load is the Kriti Bastion from its Es Sider oil port. However, it warned that technical problems will keep production low. Without indicating a timeline, it explained that increase in production will take ‘‘a long time'' due to the significant damage to reservoirs and infrastructure caused by the illegal blockade imposed since 17 January.
“For NOC, the work has just started. Our infrastructure has suffered lasting damage, and our focus now must be on maintenance and securing a budget for the work to be done. We also must take steps to ensure Libya's oil production is never again held to ransom.'
“On the top of the $6.5 billion in lost production we as a nation have suffered, NOC faces huge extra costs to repair infrastructure damage. The costs of repairing the pipeline network and surface equipment and of well workovers will run to the billions of dinars.', concluded Sanalla.
Notably, for this round, only one KI mentioned a need for potable water, whereas this was reported by half of Community Representatives in the previous round. This likely reflects the renewed functionality of the Great Man Made River, which provides water to the greater Tripoli area
The substantial presence of migrants from neighbouring countries reflects the important influence of historical ties between communities across the Libyan borders and the role of geographical proximity in determining the dynamics of migration to Libya.
The number of migrants present in Aljufra during March – April  ( round 30 )  significantly decreased to 11.394 migrants compared to 14,050 migrants identified in the previous data collection period.
In terms of private healthcare facilities, the majority of SP KIs  ( 6/8 )  reported that the population had faced access barriers in the past 14 days. All healthcare workers noted that private facilities are expensive and that this prevents people from being able to access them.
Furthermore, the general economic situation of the municipality was also reported to have deteriorated and migrants were affected by the increase in the prices of food items and intermittent power cuts.
As in all previous rounds, both REACH and MMC findings suggest that most people are aware of the COVID 19 virus, but that less people know what to do or where to go if they contract the disease.
Facebook and online research continued to be the main reported means through which communities were accessing information, followed by conservations  ( including over the telephone )  with other community members.
All areas assessed via semi structured interviews generally reported no incidents due to armed fighting in the 30 days prior to the interviews. Only in Sebha, Murzuq and Ghat was sporadic fighting reported  ( by 50 percent, 27.5 percent and 10 percent of the respondents, respectively ) .
The crisis has adversely affected 2.4 million people, about 40% of the population2, with differentiated impacts by region, ethnic group, gender and age. More than 0.82 million people are in need of humanitarian assistance, including 413,000 migrants, refugees and asylum seekers, 97,000 Internally Displaced Persons  ( IDPs ) , 165,000 returnees and 148,000 non displaced persons3. The majority of the people in need are men and boys  ( approximately 66% ) , while children make up one third of those needing assistance
Despite the Libyan economy primarily relying on the oil sector, which accounts for over half of GDP and 97% of exports5, in 1958, before the era of oil wealth, agriculture supplied over 26% of GDP while Libya exported food. Although gross levels of agricultural production have remained relatively constant, increasing oil revenues have resulted in a decline in agriculture's overall share of national income. Thus, by 1962 agriculture was only responsible for 9% of Gross Domestic Product  ( GDP )  and by 1978 this figure had tumbled to a mere 2%
Libya has undergone several waves of conflict since the Arab Spring protests of 2011, which led to a civil war, foreign military intervention, and the ousting and death of former leader Muammar Gaddafi. The civil war's aftermath and the proliferation of armed groups led to violence and instability across the country, erupting into renewed civil war in 2014 and 2015. This led to the eventual divide of the country into the Tripoli based Government of National Accord  ( GNA )  led by Fayez Al Sarraj in the West and the Tobrukbased House of Representatives, which supports the Libyan Arab Armed Forces, also known as the Libyan National Army  ( LNA ) , led by General Khalifa Haftar in the East.
Mines/ERW were the most frequently mentioned security incidents, especially in neighbourhoods closer to the city, such as Ain Zara, Khallat Al Furjan, Mashrou al Hadba and Salah al Din, which has also been widely reported in the media. 7 Robberies and theft  ( of property )  were the next most frequently mentioned, especially in Salah al Din and areas surrounding Airport Road.
Since 2011 Libya faces armed conflicts affecting the lives of millions of people, including Libyans and migrants from neighboring countries. The crisis started with the destitution of the Government led by Muammar Geddafi. The transitional political process collapsed in July 2014, with a renewed outbreak of armed conflict dividing Libya into competing factions. Since 2014 until today fighting has continued across the country causing civilian causalities, displacement of people and the destruction of key networks and infrastructure, including those related to the agricultural sector.
If the political ‘‘deal'' struck to allow the export of Libya's oil does indeed hold up, it would be a great breakthrough. Libya's conflicting parties have become extremely polarised and there seemed to be no consensus in sight.
The failure of Libya to control the rate of spread of its Coronavirus, lift its curfew, reopen its borders and airports is beginning to hurt many Libyans in view of the fact that neighbouring Tunisia has returned to a relative normality with the reopening of its airports to most European flights.
In an interview to Libyan media on 6 July, Sanalla had denied that the negotiations to restart oil exports included the establishment of a special account for oil revenues abroad  ( food for oil )  or the redistribution of Libya's oil revenues fairly under international supervision.
Equally, the Tripoli CBL has stopped the bank clearance/settlement system to bank branches in the east, thereby cutting off Libya's eastern banking system. The Tripoli CBL is also refusing to send liquidity to banks in eastern Libya. This is suffocating banks in the east forcing them to use up all their liquidity – including their legal cover. This had previously forced the eastern CBL into printing money in Russia, and if the Tripoli CBL continues with its suffocation policy, it will further force the east into the arms of Russia. It is also in danger of collapsing the banking system in the east – which would in turn bring down the whole Libyan banking system
Abusliem, Daraj, Gharb Azzawya, Janoub Azzawya Migrants were reported to be present at street side work recruitment points only in Abusliem, while in the rest of the municipalities migrants were absent from street side work recruitment points indicating that the curfew and restrictions on their movements in specific had negatively impacted on their ability to search for work on a daily basis. Jobs for migrants dependent on casual labour were also reported to be not available due to the COVID 19 crisis induced reduction in economic activities. Migrants were reported to be severely affected by the COVID 19 related restrictions on movement in all of these municipalities.
Humanitarian partners also reported that the physical environment in certain situations where humanitarians operate featured as access constraints. A total of 34 reports indicated that agencies were impeded by electricity outages and fuel shortages which resulted in difficulties in communication and transportation respectively. Not to mention, stoppages in the water supply in certain areas. Some agencies cited the poor infrastructure in certain locations and the inhibitions this caused for their operations and the impact it left on those in need of humanitarian assistance.
Abusliem, Daraj, Gharb Azzawya, Janoub Azzawya During the month of May key informants in the municipalities of Abusliem, Daraj, Gharb Azzawya, and Janoub Azzawya reported a strict enforcement and adherence to restrictions on mobility and their associated negative consequences on vulnerable people on the move. These municipalities in western Libya, specifically Abusliem, host significant IDP and migrant populations. Parts of Abusliem, Gharb Azzawya, and Janoub Azzawya municipalities were also directly affected by conflict in the last several months.
Although there were only four reports  ( less than 1% of reported access constraints/incidents )  of violence against humanitarian personnel, assets and facilities during the month, these incidents unfortunately had catastrophic outcomes as one doctor was killed and others within the Public Health Sector sustained injuries in the ongoing clashes and military attacks while they were fulfilling their duties in providing much needed healthcare to those in need. Assets and facilities were also reported to have been damaged or stolen.
The COVID 19 related access constraints reported during May feature in only three out of the seven aforementioned access constraint categories. The vast majority; 620 of the COVID 19 access constraints  ( 81% )  involve bureaucratic restrictions of movements of humanitarian personnel, items and agencies into Libya. This includes suspension of UNHAS flights  ( UNHAS flights have not been able to operate due to lack of clearances from Tunisian authorities as well as COVID 19 related restrictions ) , suspension of commercial flights, limited number of UNSMIL flights as a result of COVID 19
In the previous output, it was highlighted that migrants and refugees are particularly vulnerable to the economic consequences of the COVID 19 crisis due to their reliance on temporary work or daily labour.
The result of the continued rise in numbers has meant that the Tripoli government has had to extend its curfew and isolation of cities until 17 July.
The continued rise in cases is put to a number of reasons, including failure to follow safety instructions such as wearing masks, social distancing, avoiding congregations and socializing/visiting friends and relatives. The extreme summer heat and power cuts has forced many to leave their homes and go the beach.
The restrictions placed on freedom of movement in Libya as a public health measure to counter the spread of COVID 19 have detrimentally impacted migrant workers' livelihoods . In 93% of assessed locations, migrants who rely on daily labour were reported to have been negatively affected by the economic slowdown induced by COVID 19. Unemployment is one of the main risk factors that can exacerbate existing vulnerabilities and humanitarian needs, such as food insecurity
Libya's Coronavirus cases have continued to rise. The country's National Centre for Disease Control  ( NCDC )  reported yesterday a total of 1,563 cases, with 370 recoveries and 42 deaths.
In 10 municipalities casual labour jobs were reported to be not available due to slow down in market and economic activity
In 7 out of the 24 assessed municipalities migrants were reported to be unable to move freely within the municipality due to restrictions on freedom of movement as public health measures, while in 54%  ( 13 municipalities )  migrants were reported to be unable to leave or arrive at these municipalities due to the restrictions of movement imposed;
Key informants in all municipalities  ( except Zliten )  reported that the resident populations  ( IDPs, migrants, host community )  were negatively affected due to restrictions on freedom of movement imposed as public health measures to curb the spread of COVID 19;
DTM's Mobility Tracking Multi Sectoral Location Assessment found that 70% of the migrants  ( 437,287 individuals )  were reported to be living in rented accommodations of various types. Of those living in the rented accommodations, 57% of the migrants  ( 371,309 individuals )  were reported to be paying for their own accommodation, whereas 9%  ( 55,576 individuals )  were living in housing rented by their employers, and 2%  ( 10,402 individuals )  were living in rented accommodations paid for by other people who were not their employers
Furthermore, 11% of the migrants  ( 68,318 individuals )  were reported to be living in other collective accommodations with other migrants. A significant number of migrants  ( 51,577 individuals; 8% )  were reported to be living at their workplaces
The negative impact on residents ranged from difficulties faced in accessing work and livelihood opportunities  ( 66% municipalities ) , and preventing those dependent on daily wages from looking for livelihoods  ( 83% municipalities )  affecting them disproportionately more, and also in some cases preventing residents from accessing markets for purchase of daily use food and non food items;
When asked about barriers to healthcare, respondents noted that “the advice for testing and treating coronavirus is unclear'  ( 183/1023 )  and that “they did not know where to go for healthcare'  ( 385/1023 ) .
As increased restrictions on freedom of movement as a public health measure to counter the spread of Covid 19 are put in place, there is a risk of pushing migrants towards increased unemployment and its associated negative humanitarian consequence
These livelihoods disruptions were also reported by community representative KIs, according to whom not being able to cover basic needs  ( 12/15 )  or rent  ( 10/15 )  were key concerns in their communities during the 14 days prior to data collection
A greater need for assistance was also found in MMC data. The majority of respondents cited being in need of extra help since the COVID 19 outbreak  ( 775/1023 ) . Refugees and migrants commonly cited being in need of cash  ( 654 respondents ) , followed by other basic needs, such as food,water, and shelter  ( 454 ) , and Personal Prospective Equipment  ( PPE )   ( 235 )
As in the previous round, Community Representatives were asked from which actors  ( if any )  their communities needed to receive more information about what to do in case of infection. The response revealed that communities are lacking in sufficient guidance from both health actors and the humanitarian community
On 2 July 2019, dozens of migrants and refugees were killed and injured following an airstrike on a detention center belonging to the Directorate for Combating Illegal Migration  ( DCIM ) . To date, no one has been held accountable for the airstrike.
On 2 February, exactly three years after it was first signed, the Memorandum of Understanding on Migration between Italy and Libya will be extended for a further three years with no amendments. Under the deal, Italy helps Libyan maritime authorities to stop boats at sea and return people to detention centres in Libya where they are unlawfully detained and face serious abuse, including rape and torture.
Although the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant  ( ISIL )  no longer holds significant territory in Libya, there is concern that further deterioration in the security situation may facilitate resurgence. ISIL factions remain in parts of the country and finance their operations through robbery, kidnap for ransom, extortion and smuggling. In April 2019, ISIL claimed an attack in Fuqaha, southern Libya, that saw the targeted killing of three people as well as deaths of other people and destruction to both public and private property1
The Media Advisor of the Ministry of Health, Amin Al Hashemi, announced the death of one person and the wounding of nine other citizens as a direct result of indiscriminate shelling of the Hadba area in Tripoli.
Many people died in Tajoura – more than 100,' says Hassan. “In that hangar there were more than 105 people. All the people who died, I knew them.'
Tajoura detention centre, located close to a military depot, was first hit by shelling on the night of 7 May, when shrapnel narrowly missed a baby. The UN's Refugee Agency, the UNHCR, called for the detention centre to be evacuated.
In 2019, according to IOM, 753 people – or two people every day – are known to have died or gone missing in the central Mediterranean, the world's deadliest migration route.
Around 749,000 people are estimated to be in areas impacted by clashes in and around Tripoli, including almost 345,000 people in frontline areas.
In a press conference in Bangui, in the capital of the Central African Republic, the Government and the UN Peacekeeping Mission  ( MINUSCA )  have reaffirmed their commitment to the implementation of the peace agreement that was signed on 6 February 2019, so just about a year ago   exactly a year ago tomorrow.
Overall, the most severe and compounded needs are found in mantikas that are experiencing direct conflict, such as Tripoli, or have received the highest numbers of IDPs, such as Azzawya, Benghazi, Ejdabia, Misrata and Sebha. The majority of IDPs in Libya have been displaced since 2014, demonstrating the protracted nature of this crisis. IDPs are more likely to face challenges in accessing basic services, like health and education, compared with other affected Libyans.
Ongoing conflict has increased the exposure of individuals to risks to life and safety due to violence, indiscriminate attacks and exposure to explosive remnants of war. Much of the conflict is characterized by its indiscriminate nature, with regular violations of international humanitarian and international human rights laws. Attacks on civilians and civilian infrastructure, particularly health infrastructure which doubled in 2019, are increasing. This year, at least 647 civilians have been killed or injured, the majority in Tripoli.
The use of negative coping mechanisms and the risk of exploitation remains high particularly among vulnerable populations who are unable to meet their basic needs. Children are exposed to high levels of psychosocial distress and trauma, with six per cent of households with children reportedly observing negative behaviours and emotional changes in their children, particularly among IDP children.
The conflict has become protracted, focused mostly in southern parts of Tripoli. However, fighting, particularly in the last few months of 2019, has increasingly moved into populated areas, causing further civilian casualties and displacement. As of January 2020, around 149,000 people have fled their homes²
On 3 January, four schools came under attack in the Soug al Jum'aa locality, east of Tripoli, causing extensive damage and affecting nearly 3,000 students.
Access to healthcare and education have been severely impacted. On October 14, three girls – ages four, five, and seven – were killed and one three year old girl was wounded when an airstrike hit their home in a residential area of Tripoli.
The escalation in hostilities in Libya is increasing humanitarian needs, with 1,600 people newly displaced in and around the capital, Tripoli, in the past month.
Since end December 2019, there has been a further escalation in the Libyan conflict, especially on the outskirts of Tripoli.
Since 1 April 2019, there have been at least 60 registered attacks on health facilities and workers, impacting at least 19 ambulances and 17 health facilities and causing at least 75 deaths and 49 injuries.
However, two months later, 600 men, women and children remained locked up in Tajoura detention centre when it was hit by two airstrikes on the night of 2 July.
Migrant and refugee children continue to face risks, including ill treatment and inhumane conditions in detention, sexual violence, and airstrikes hitting detention centers. UNHCR reported in December that 4,200 people remain in detention centers.
The UN mission in Libya said it welcomed the decision by the internationally recognised Government of National Accord  ( GNA )  to launch an investigation into the gravesNo estimate of the number of dead has been made public, but one grave contained at least 15 badly decomposed bodies. Some graves are said to contain entire families.
Libyan Crimes Watch said 21 civilians had been killed including four children and two women in the first week of January 2020 due to the offensive against Tripoli by Khalifa Haftar's forces.
Since January 2019, a total of 2,427 individuals have departed out of Libya including 1,534 who were evacuated and 893 resettled to third countries.
Flights were suspended until further notice at the only functioning airport in Libya's capital Tripoli on Friday due to rockets falling nearby, an airport official said.
Since the onset of clashes in April 2019, some 150,000 civilians have been displaced from their homes.
The Ankara vote comes after three civilians were killed on Wednesday in an air raid on a town south of Libya's capital Tripoli, a spokesman for the UN recognised government said.
Several shops were badly damaged in the air raid, Hachemi said.
According to UN figures published last month, clashes around Tripoli since April 4 have killed more than 280 civilians and 2,000 fighters, while more than 140,000 people have been forced to flee their homes.
Three civilians, a woman and two men were injured in Al Hadhba neighborhood in indiscriminate shelling by Haftar's gunmen.
The GDF was established to host refugees who had been identified for a solution outside of Libya, pending their evacuation. With close to 1,000 people staying at the site including groups of around 900 individuals who entered spontaneously since July, it is severely overcrowded and is no longer functioning as a transit centre.
Indiscriminate attacks on civilians including children have been reported, with Ain Zara, Abu Salim and Souq Al Jum'aa municipalities being affected most.
One government fighter was killed by hostile fire in Ein Zara frontline on Sunday in a fresh breach of the ceasefire by warlord Khalifa Haftar's armed groups, the Libyan Army spokesman, Muhammad Qanounu, has confirmed.
Over half of migrants reported to have been worried about not having enough food to eat, and migrants who come from East African and South/Southeast Asian countries were found to be more vulnerable to food insecurity than other migrants.
The security situation in conflict affected areas in south Tripoli reportedly remained volatile and also increasingly affected the neighborhood of Salah Eddin over the past weeks, triggering population movements of affected civilians to surrounding areas.
IDPs displaced to locations in the proximity of areas with ongoing clashes remain at risk, along with host community members providing them with shelter. Reportedly, rising cost of rental accommodation, frequently used as shelter by IDP families, have further increased the vulnerabilities of families displaced within the Tripoli area. Continued hostilities have also been adversely impacting public infrastructure and services in municipalities in South Tripoli, particularly education and health facilities.
“More than 6,000 medical and non medical staff continue to risk their lives to provide medical care in these three municipalities. If violence continues, at least 72,000 medical consultations per month will be stopped in 48 health care facilities', said El Hillo
The civilian part of Mitiga, which is the only gateway for in Tripoli civilians to travel abroad and access point to humanitarian and life saving services, has been targeted several times. Today several airstrikes and rockets landed in and around its perimeter causing disturbance and suspension to the civil aviation.
The Red Crescent Society Tarhouna branch has managed to retrieve two dead unknown bodies, from the “Al Faraite' area, behind the Yarmouk Camp, south of Tripoli.
The Libyan Foreign Minister, Mohamed Sayala has declined an invitation to participate in Libya's neighbouring countries meeting, at the foreign ministry level, set to take place Thursday in Algeria.
The escalation in hostilities has further driven humanitarian needs. Basic services must be provided to all civilians who are in desperate need and whose lives are at risk.
Figure 2 shows the share of respondents experiencing and/ or witnessing different protection incidents, disaggregated by gender. More specifically, it shows that physical abuse is the most prevalent protection incident reported by both men and women, at 22 and 20% respectively. The second most cited protection incident is robbery  ( 14% )  followed by detention, death and sexual abuse, each at 12% for the whole sample.
The UN Support Mission in Libya  ( UNSMIL ) , on Sunday strongly condemned the bombing of a military academy in the capital Tripoli, which according to news reports left at least 30 dead and more than 30 others wounded.
More than 210 schools are closed leaving 113,000 children out of school.
The watch said the attack on Tripoli caused also 15 civilian injuries, including three children and two foreign nationals.
The report didn't detail military casualties or casualties of airstrikes on the Tripoli Military College in Tripoli, where 32 cadets were killed and over 30 others were injured.
It documented 19 incidents that caused 177 casualties since December 01 2019, 42 of which were in areas outside Tripoli   Murzuq, Masllata, Al Zawiya and Misrata.
In the course of the investigation, the organization identified several instances where civilian homes and infrastructure were destroyed or damaged by ground launched rockets, artillery barrages, and air strikes carried out by both sides, killing and injuring dozens.
Hassan says that people at sea are also intercepted by traffickers, who return them to Libya and then sell them on to other traffickers.
More than 220 schools in Tripoli are closed, depriving 116,000 children of their basic human right to an education.

Migrants and refugees, trapped in detention centres near the fighting, have also been affected and continue to suffer in horrendous conditions.
In July, the frontline moved close to Tajoura, southeast of Tripoli, and both sides launched increasing numbers of airstrikes and drone attacks, including on densely populated areas.
Airport authorities said late Wednesday they were again suspending air traffic "until further notice".
According to the report, Haftar's air force killed three children on October 14, when bombing a residential neighborhood in the Farnaj area of ​​Tripoli. On October 6 the Equestrian Club in Janzur was subjected to an aerial bombardment by unguided bombs killing 6 civilians, among them children.
The NOC announced on Monday that the halting of its operations is costing the state around $ 77 million per day, after Libya lost almost all of its oil production.
The two sides discussed developments in Libya and ways to make the outputs of the Berlin conference a success. Talks also highlighted bilateral relations between the two countries and means of enhancing them.
The Secretary General of the United Nations, Antonio Guterres, confirmed that Haftar forces were responsible for the killing of 32 students at Tripoli Military College on January 4.
Based on the site visits, interviews conducted and the evidence obtained, UNSMIL confirms that between 23:28 and 23:39 on 2 July 2019, a foreign aircraft conducted an attack on the Daman complex in Tajoura, which struck two buildings in the complex.
Comprising around 40 percent of the Libyan population, children continue to be gravely affected by the ongoing conflict, violence and displacement in Libya.
As of 23 January, 947 refugees and migrants have been registered as rescued/intercepted at sea by the Libyan Coast Guard and disembarked in Libya.
A 2017 study by UNICEF and the National Center for Disease Control on Violence Against Children in Libya found that 90 per cent of boys and 88 per cent of girls reported that they had experienced some form of violence at home, in school or in their communities.
Deterioration of the security situation was identified as the most significant driver of displacement in Libya. An overwhelming majority of key informants  ( 97% )  reported that IDPs had left their places of origin because of insecurity
In round 28, 60% of all IDPs identified in Libya were reported to be residing in privately rented accommodation, while 24% were staying with host families without paying rent, and 6% are taking shelter in schools and other public buildings. Other places for shelter include informal camp settings  ( 4% ) , other shelter arrangements  ( 7% )  such as abandoned buildings  ( 2% ) . Data on shelter from last two rounds indicates that IDPs are increasingly staying with host families  ( without paying rent )  rather than in accommodation rented by themselves.