nlp-thedeep/humsetbias huggingface dataset:
[ 4th June 2021, Nigeria ] Covering the first half of 2019, the UN described the security situation in Nigeria as ‘volatile', with ongoing conflict due to Boko Haram's presence, resulting in a worsening of the existing humanitarian situation and affecting population displacement and food insecurity. Global Rights described Nigeria's 2019 threshold of violence as ‘very high'.
[ 24th Aug 2021, North East Nigeria ]  Market safety for Adolescent Girls: 96% of KIs reported that the local markets were accessible to adolescent girls in the community. This was corroborated by FGDs participants who reported that girls in the community usually have no safety issues accessing the local market including girls with disability, however, the bigger markets were considered not to be safe.
[ 9th   15th Aug 2021, Borno State ]  No new case confirmed for the week. Total number of confirmed cases as at end of epi week 32 stands at 1,344 No active case receiving care. No patient was discharged for the period of reporting. Cumulative number discharged so far – 1,307 No death recorded in the reporting period. Total associated deaths – 38  ( 26 in Isolation facilities and 12 community death )  Distribution of confirmed cases by LGA   256 from Jere, 946 from MMC, 16 from Gwoza, 3 from Damboa, 13 from Bayo, 12 from Biu, 1 from Gubio, 1 from Munguno, 1 from Kaga, 1 from Mobbar, 73 from Konduga, 2 from Nganzai, 2 from Shani, 7 from Hawul and 6 from Ngala LGAs
[ 1st Dec 2020, Nigeria ] In December 2020 the Office of the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court ‘concluded that war crimes and crimes against humanity had been committed by Boko Haram, and the Nigerian military and that Nigerian authorities had failed to investigate and prosecute these crimes, therefore warranting a full investigation'. Civilian authorities have not always maintained effective control over the military and police.
[ 31st July 2021, Northeast Nigeria ] Access to secondary health care and referral services in remote areas is significantly limited. Unavailability of network coverage in the newly liberated areas negatively affects timely submission of health data for prompt decision making.
[ 4thJune 2021, Nigeria ] Lockdowns due to the Covid 19 pandemic are reported to have led to additional ‘security force abuses and instances of police brutality. Nigerian security forces have been accused of biased enforcement of lockdown measures and have been implicated in the majority of attacks on civilians related to the pandemic.' In April 2020, according to Nigeria's National Human Rights Commission, during restrictions imposed due to the Covid 19 pandemic more Nigerians have been killed by Nigerian military and police than by the coronavirus. For example, Global Rights documented that in May 2020 around 33 individuals were killed ‘during the enforcement of the stay at home order', of which 12 in Kaduna state alone.
[ 4th June 2021, Nigeria ] Since 2009, Boko Haram's rule has been characterized by ‘brutality and predation', involving widespread killings, executions, torture, torching villages, forced military recruitment of men and boys, and forced marriage. Additionally, the group has offered almost no social services in the areas under its control and frequently deployed suicide attacks involving female and child bombers. Previously commonly using bombings, Boko Haram have in recent years shifted to armed assault and hostage takings. The group has also recently started recruiting children for intelligence gathering and support roles to expand around the Lake Chad area.
[ 4th June 2021, Nigeria ] Nigerian security forces treated many civilians as alleged Boko Haram members, subjecting them to arrest, detention, extra judicial killings and the collective punishment of villages suspected of falling under Boko Haram control , including the burning of villages. In 2019, the Nigerian Army, Police Force and the Department of State Services carried out counter terrorism operations against Boko Haram with reports of extrajudicial killings and arbitrary arrest. Children suspected of association with Boko Haram were detained with reports of harrowing violations, including sexual violence and torture. The UN has documented over 3 600 detentions of children, most of which were unlawful.
[ 9th   15th Aug 2021, Borno State ]  Laboratory: Cumulative Positivity rate is 7%. Test per million of Population: 3,003 Case per million Population: 203. Total COVID 19 test conducted 21,038 by Borno State.
[ 9th   15th Aug 2021, Borno State ]  Case Management: No case in isolation center at the end of epi week 32. No patient discharged at the end of the week. Total discharges –1,306, No death reported for the week.
[ 19th   25th July 2021, Nigeria ] Hong: 81 arrivals and 41 departures were recorded in Hong LGA of Adamawa State. All individuals who arrived came from within Askira/Uba LGA in Borno State. All individuals who departed had Yola South LGA in Adamawa State as their intended destination. All movements recorded were due to poor living conditions.
[ 4th june 2020, Nigeria ] In February 2020 they launched a deadly ambush at a checkpoint in Borno state killing 30 people. In March 2020, at least 47 Nigerian soldiers were killed in Gorgi village in Borno state in a coordinated attack that a few days later also left 98 Chadian soldiers dead on Boma island, in the Lake Chad basin. As a result, military operations were increased, killing 1 609 terrorist fighters and 375 security forces between February and April 2020. Within the same timeframe, Boko Haram factions were responsible for the killing of 240 civilians. In another example in Borno state, Boko Haram staged multiple large scale attacks in June 2020, killing in one of them dozens of residents in the Gubio local government area  ( LGA ) .
[ 4th June 2021, Nigeria ] In 2020 it was further observed that cooperation and collaboration between  ( motorcycle )  bandits and Boko Haram factions continued in several northern states, reportedly resulting for example in the attack on the convoy of Governor Babagana Zulum in Borno state, which killed 15 members of his security entourage. In retaliation, the Nigerian defense forces increased its air operations.
[ 31st Jul 2021, Nigeria ]  Generally, the community trusts Health care workers, organizations  ( INGOs, CSOs, UN )  and the community based structures like Bulamas, as the most reliable source of information about any health issues in their communities
[ 24th Aug 2021, North East Nigeria ]  From the adolescent girls FGDs, most of the girls reported that they felt safe going to the market while a few reported not being allowed by their parents to go to any market. 2 girls in Jere expressed concern about “the recent rise in sexual assault and rape' according to them. To improve adolescent girls feeling of safety when accessing the market, adolescent girls FGD participant suggested that 1 )  girls should never be left to go to the market alone, its better they are accompanied by their parents 2 )  Girls should not be sent to markets that are too far away from their homes and 3 )  if girls have to go the market they should go in groups.
[ 4th June 2021, Nigeria ]  In 2020, Nigeria Watch reported 700 fatalities due to inter communal clashes, with ‘access to land and grazing space' remaining ‘key issues'. At least 19 people were killed and about 100 houses burned in fighting between members of different ethnic groups who were disputing fishing rightsin the northeastern Taraba state in April 2020.
[ 9th   15th Aug 2021, Borno State ]  MHPSS: MHPSS responders  ( WHO, IOM )  provided counselling and sensitized individuals on standard precaution of COVID 19 transmission and preventive measures.
[ 4th June 2021, Nigeria ] Nigeria Watch documented 616 fatalities in 2020  ( compared to 549 in 2019 and 1 882 in 2018376 )  due to farmer herder clashes in ‘no fewer than 23 states', with ‘Kaduna recording the highest number of fatalities  ( 203 ) , followed by Plateau  ( 106 )  and Benue  ( 96 ) '.
[ 4th June 2021, Nigeria ] Explosions/remote violence: As illustrated in Table 1, there were 2 404 security incidents recorded in Nigeria in 2020, with the lowest number  ( 220 )  coded as explosions/remote violence, resulting in 1 900 fatalities. The largest number of explosions/remote violence was registered in Borno  ( 148 )  state followed by Zamfara  ( 26 ) , Katsina  ( 21 )  and Kaduna  ( 15 )  states. The lowest numbers were recorded in Yobe  ( 5 ) , Niger  ( 3 ) , and Edo and Sokoto  ( 1 each )  states. Recorded explosions/remote violence peaked at the end of May and early July 2020  ( see Figure 4 below ) .
[ 28th May 2021, Nigeria ] In 2020, Nigeria's struggle with inordinate and escalating insecurity rooted in mass atrocities continued unabated. Indicatively, violence related deaths were recorded in all states across the country. The figures in 2020   at least 4,556 killings   were significantly higher than that of 2019    ( at least 3188 )  – which shows that government's efforts at preventing violence or combating insecurity continued to be ineffective despite their increased budget for security.
[ 4th June 2021, Nigeria ] Violence against civilians As illustrated in Table 1, there were 2 404 security incidents recorded in Nigeria in 2020, with the highest number  ( 1 043 )  coded as violence against civilians, resulting in 2 259 deaths. The highest number of recorded violence against civilians occurred in Kaduna  ( 144 ) , Katsina  ( 109 ) , Borno  ( 107 )  and Niger  ( 57 ) . The lowest numbers recorded were in Kwara and Kebbi  ( 4 each ) , Jigawa and Gombe  ( 1 each )  states. Recorded violence against civilians peaked around May 2020, remaining high throughout June and July, and increasing again in December 2020  ( see Figure 6 below ) .
[ 28th May 2021, Nigeria ] The patterns of mass atrocities across the country continued to bear regional nuances, but the lines are increasingly blurring. Insurgency, pillages, and communal attacks characterize the major forms of atrocities in the North, while rival gang attacks, killings from mob actions, extrajudicial killings, politically motivated killings, and mob lynching.
[ 4th June 2021, BAY States ] In Borno state alone between January and August 2020, 852 ‘significant' security related incidents  ( of which 486 affected civilians )  were documented. According to UNOCHA, ‘some of the most brutal and direct attacks targeting civilian populations were recorded in November and December  [ 2020 ] , including against internally displaced persons  ( IDPs )  and aid workers or humanitarian assets'. Amongst others, schools and health facilities were targeted, farms destroyed and farmers killed. This is directly impacting the ‘rapidly deteriorating' food security situation for 5.1 million people across the BAY  ( Borno, Adamawa, Yobe )  states.
[ 4th June 2021, Nigeria ] According to the Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre  ( IDMC ) , conflict and violence in 2019 led to 248 000 new displacements across 19 states, of which 105 000 were triggered by the ongoing insurgency in the north east, 88 000 by criminal violence in the north west and north central states, and 55 000 by communal violence in the central region.
[ 16th July 2021, Nigeria ]  The FMS survey indicates that 62 percent of respondents noted that some people have not returned to their homes of origin in the past 3 months compared to 38 percent who claimed that some people did. This indicates that the underlying drivers of displacement are yet to be resolved, and people are forced to stay in IDP camps. Data from the same survey indicates that in the months preceding their displacement, insecurity was the main shock  ( 79 percent )  followed by sickness of household member  ( 52 percent ) , high food prices  ( 49 percent )  and declined income  ( 42 percent ) .
[ 4th June 2021, Borno state ] According to International NGO Safety Organization  ( INSO )  data, non state armed groups perpetrated 33 attacks on IDP camps in Borno from January October 2020, killing over 20 civilians and injuring a further 31, looted food and property.
[ 4th June 2021, North East ] Description of security situation per state [ North East Region ] : USDOS reported in its 2020 report on human rights practices in Nigeria a continuation of the ‘insurgency in the Northeast by the militant terrorist groups Boko Haram and the Islamic State in West Africa'. The source noted ‘numerous attacks on government and civilian targets, resulting in thousands of deaths and injuries, widespread destruction, the internal displacement of more than two million persons, and the external displacement of somewhat more than an estimated 300,000 Nigerian refugees.
[ 4th June 2021, Nigeria ] Nigeria Watch also reported over 2020: ‘Nigeria continued to grapple with the Boko Haram crisis in 2020. Fatalities resulting from incidents involving the insurgents, security operatives, hunters, and the Civilian Joint Task Force  ( CJTF )  caused the death of 3 295 people, against 2 866 in 2019. Like in previous years, Borno was the most affected state.'
[ 4th June 2021, Adamawa state ] UN OCHA noted that ‘Adamawa State continues to witness different forms of conflict, including NSAG  [ non state armed groups ]  attacks and clashes with Government Forces, particularly in Michika and Madagali LGAs, and communal clashes across Numan, Demsa, Guyuk, and Lamurde LGAs.' The source described the security situation in these LGAs during January August 2020 as 'unpredictable and volatile'.
[ 2nd Jan 2020, Adamawa state ] On 2 January 2020, Boko Haram attacked Kwuapale, Kwuapa  ( Kopa )  and Baza village, all within Michika LGA, which is ‘one of the Christian dominated areas', according to Premium Times. Hundreds of villagers fled to the mountaintop. Boko Haram gunmen clashed with the army and were repelled. Food was looted and one insurgent was killed.
[ 19th Feb 2020, Adamawa state ] On 19 February 2020, a large group of suspected armed herdsmen attacked Bang community  ( Lamurde LGA ) , killed two residents and destroyed houses. Residents said the village had been attacked five times since 2018.
[ 8th Aug 2021, Adamawa State ]  Case Management: No new case was reported No death was reported in the treatment facility within the last two weeks A total of 32 fatalities associated with COVID 19 have been reported since outbreak. CFR= 3.0%
[ 28th May 2021, Nigeria ] March: In the first 30 days of Covid19 in Nigeria,  ( February 27 – March 27 )  the nation recorded 81 infections and 1 death, which led it to shut its borders and issued a lock down order in an attempt to curtail the spread of the virus.
[ 1st June 2021,BAY states ] The total number of returnees to Adamawa state by November 2020 was 820 734, an increase of 1 465 individuals  ( less than 1 % )  compared to the previous round, see Table 13 below. This is the largest caseload of returnees with 47 % of all returnees in the states Borno, Adamawa and Yobe  ( BAY ) .
[ 6th July 2020, Adamawa state ] Road security: In January 2020, hundreds of youth protested against the ‘incessant kidnappings' by blocking the federal highway to the state capital Yola, which leads through Girei LGA where many abductions have occurred. On 6 July 2020, a police inspector and another passenger were abducted by unknown gunmen in security uniforms on the Yola Numan highway, at the Demsa road section in Adamawa. More information on road security in Adamawa state was not found.
[ 4th June 2021, Bay states ] The United Nations Mine Action Service  ( UNMAS )  reported in the first nine months of 2020 that ‘334 civilian and non civilian fatalities and casualties have been recorded' in the three states Adamawa, Borno and Yobe  ( BAY )  due to explosive devices.
[ 28th May 2021, Nigeria ] In spite of several highway security checkpoints spread across the country, attacks on, and kidnappings of commuters continued persistently. Extrajudicial killings by state security agents remained rampant. Other recorded attacks bordered around terrorism, banditry/pillage attacks, economically motivated abductions, communal clashes and rival cult clashes.
[ 28th May 2021, Nigeria ] In April in spite of the restrictions on movement during the enforced lockdowns, at least two hundred and seventy four  ( 274 )  persons lost their lives to violent killings across Nigeria   261 of them were civilians while 13 were security operatives.
[ 1st June 2021, Nigeria ] Nigeria officially recorded its index case of COVID 19 on February 28, 2020. The first death from COVID 19 in the country was reported less than one month later, on March 23. Since that time, there have been 166,518 officially reported COVID 19 cases and 2,099 deaths country wide as of June 1, 2021, accounting for the 4th highest number of cases and the 5th highest number of deaths in sub Saharan Africa  ( Figure 1 ) . Nationwide, there have been two distinct waves of infection: a first wave starting in March/April 2020 and peaking in late June/early July and a second wave starting in early December and peaking in late January 2021  ( JHU CSSE COVID 19 Data 2021 ) . COVID 19 vaccination started in March 2021; as of June 1, 2021, 0.95% of the population has received at least one dose of a COVID 19 vaccine  ( JHU CSSE COVID 19 Data 2021 ) .
[ 4th June 2021, North east ] Throughout the North East Region, an increase by less than 1 % in the number of IDPs was noted by IOM in November 2020, compared to the previous round  ( Round 34, September 2020 ) . The reasons for displacement were similar to those in earlier DTM assessments: the ongoing conflict in the NorthEast Region,  ( 92 % of IDPs ) , followed by communal clashes  ( 7 % )  and natural disasters  ( 1 % of the cases ) .
[ 4th June 2021, Borno State ] Borno state: Although the group has been pushed by Nigerian military forces out of several states in the North East Region, Boko Haram ‘retains control over some villages and pockets of territory and continues to launch deadly suicide attacks and abduct civilians, mostly women and children', according to CFR. Throughout 2020, Borno state was heavily affected by attacks by Boko Haram and its splinter ISWAP.
[ 4th June 2021, Bay State ] Nigeria Watch reported over 2020: ‘Like in previous years, Borno was the most affected state, with 3,076 deaths reported in 172 incidents, followed by Yobe  ( 150 fatalities in 10 incidents )  and Adamawa  ( 65 victims in 8 incidents ) . In Borno state, only Bayo, Biu, Guzumala, Kala/Balge, and Kwaya Kusar LGAs were spared by the fighting.
[ 28th May 2021, Nigeria ] The North was not exempt and recorded a higher number of casualties, as armed bandits freely raided communities and ravaged their residents. At least one hundred and sixty  ( 160 )  killings were attributed to pillage/banditry in April 2020. Witnesses confirmed that bandits operated unhindered, raided communities in their hundreds, kidnapped or shot victims indiscriminately, razed down houses, and left several communities littered with corpses. Other incidents included Boko Haram attacks, cult gang clashes, random attacks and banditry/pillaging.
[ 24th Dec 2020, Borno State ] On Christmas Eve 24 December 2020, Boko Haram militants attacked the predominantly Christian village of Pemi  ( Chibok LGA ) , killed at least 11 people, burned houses and a church and abducted the village priest and several others.
[ 28th May 2021, Nigeria ] Reports of gender based violence also rose exponentially with some fatalities. Government's responses remained lukewarm. For instance, while journalists were considered essential service and could move around during the lockdown, NGOs which provided frontline services to victims of SGBV did not receive similar waivers, and victims who could not reach police stations or access the hospitals were left to their fate.
[ 14th April 2021, Borno State ] In three incidents between 10 and 14 April 2021, the town of Damasak  ( Mobbar LGA )  was attacked by ISWAP fighters. A military garrison, a UN office and other humanitarian buildings were destroyed or damaged. At least 12 residents were killed and 17 injured. About 65 000 residents and IDPs fled to neighbouring towns or crossed the border to Niger.
[ 9 and 13 June 2020, Borno state ] Nigerian security forces in several operations frequently launched attacks on the insurgents in Borno state and neighbouring areas, often followed by large scale retaliation attacks by the insurgents on civilians and military targets. After the attack on 24 March 2020 in which 47 to 70 soldiers were killed, the army launched a major offensive on Boko Haram and ISWAP a month later. On their turn, on 9 and 13 June 2020, ISWAP launched massive attacks on civilians in Gubio and Nganzai LGAs. BBC commented on this attack: ‘This was one of the biggest attacks on civilians this year, but the timing is also significant. In recent weeks the Nigerian army has claimed significant success against Boko Haram militants but their assessments in past have been exaggerated.
[ Nov to Dec 2020, Borno State ] By the end of 2020, UNHCR reported that, ‘with the end of the rainy season and relative improvement of road conditions', humanitarian aid deliveries increased. However, in northern Borno, ‘new waves of NSAG  [ non state armed groups ]  attacks and clashes with government forces along key supply routes' occurred, challenging aid deliveries to places such as Mobbar, Ngala and Monguno LGAs. In the months of November and December 2020, 8 abductions were recorded by ACLED, in 4 of which humanitarian workers from  ( I ) NGOs were victims.
[ October and November, 2020, Borno State ] In October and November 2020, 34 and 41 incidents with explosive hazards respectively were recorded, injuring 40 people, and killing at least three people. Mine Action activities were supposed to step up in view of Borno state government plans to relocate or resettle IDPs within their original LGA. However, due to COIVD 19 restrictions, these activities and risk awareness training have received lower priority, according to UN OCHA.
[ 28th May 2021, Nigeria ] In May, We also observed an exponential rise in inter communal clashes, with specific records in Adamawa, Benue, Anambra and Cross River States. In this period, at least eighty  ( 80 )  deaths were attributed to communal clashes.
[ 1st April 2021, Borno state ] Following the attacks in April 2021 on UN facilities in Damasak  ( see 2.10.3.2 ) , aid operations were temporarily suspended in the area.
[ 4th June 2021, Borno state ] Borno is the most conflict affected state in the North East Region and has the highest number of IDPs 1 603 044, less than 1 % higher than the previous assessment  ( see Table 12 in Section 2.8.3.6 ) . This amounts to 75 % of all IDPs in North East Nigeria. According to IOM, the fact that the number of IDPs in Borno has remained relatively at the same high level as before, could be an indicator of continued insecurity and mobility in the region. This is even more notable as Borno's most populous LGAs of Guzamala, Kukawa and Nganzai were not accessible to IOM assessment due to increased hostilities in these districts.
[ 28th May 2021, Nigeria ] The spike in sexual, and other forms of gender based violence across the country was within our radar, and we noted the start of a trend of rape murders with a brutal rape murder incident that aroused intense indignation across the nation and international community. Uwavera Omozuwa, a 22 year old student was found raped and dead in a pool of her own blood, after she had attempted studying at a Church in Benin City during the lockdown.
[ 28th May 2021, Nigeria ] Across the country, the peculiar vulnerability of women and girls continued to be flagged with limited interventions.
[ 28th May 2021, Nigeria ] On other fronts, Nigeria's security situation continued its sharp plummet  from three hundred and sixty five  ( 356 )  the previous month, to seven hundred and thirty one  (  731  )  in June . The highlight for June was Boko Haram's attack on Gubio, Borno state, which led to eighty one  ( 81 )  deaths.
[ 7th Jun 2021, Nigeria ]  IDP and Refugee Relocations Continue as Relief Actors Raise Concerns: Humanitarian organizations have raised concerns about the returns process, noting that many areas of return remain unsafe including Damasak and Dikwa towns, which both experienced major OAG attacks in April and have little access to livelihoods and basic services, including those provided by relief actors and government institutions.
[ 7th Jun 2021, North West, Nigeria ]  In addition, escalating intercommunal conflict and OCG violence and resulting displacement in northwestern Nigeria is exacerbating food insecurity in the region, as IDPs experience reduced access to food, income, and livelihoods. In northwestern Nigeria, acute food insecurity is disproportionately high among IDPs compared to non displaced individuals; a recent WFP assessment found that 80 percent of IDPs in the region had inadequate food consumption, compared to only 30 percent of the nondisplaced population.
[ 28th May 2021, Nigeria ] In July, Nigeria's webs of violence were sustained with at least four hundred and fifteen  ( 415 )  deaths occasioned by atrocious violence. Of this number, one hundred and thirty two  ( 132 )  were state security agents, implying that 1 out of every 3 persons killed in that month was a security officer.
[ 4th June 2021, Nigeria ] The Global Terrorism Index  ( GTI )  covering events in 2019/2020 ranked Nigeria in 3rd place  ( same ranking as in the previous year ) , according to number of deaths from terrorist attacks, and ‘recorded the second largest reduction in deaths from terrorism in 2019', a reduction of 39.1 % compared to the previous year and 83 % lower than during its peak in 2014. The reduction was mainly attributable to falling terrorism related deaths from ‘Fulani extremists', despite a 25 % increase in deaths attributed to Boko Haram, compared to 2018. Taking into account only those countries most impacted by terrorism, the GTI described Nigeria as being one of those that could be classified as in a ‘state of war'. Of the 50 worst terrorist attacks recorded in 2019, four occurred in Nigeria, two of which ranked in the top 10 worst attacks in terms of deaths recorded.
[ 4thJune 2021, Nigeria ] No source reports on civilian casualties, including deaths and injuries of civilians, for all states of Nigeria. The Global Terrorism Index  ( GTI ) , covering events in 2019, recorded 1 245 deaths and 419 injuries from 411 terror related incidents in 2019  ( a 39 % decrease from the previous year ) . However, Global Rights recorded at least 3 188 fatalities  ( compared to 3 428 in 2018 ) , of which 2 707 civilians as a result of violent incidents including gang clashes, extra judicial killings, resource crises, kidnappings and Boko Haram/ISWAP attacks, with Borno state recording the highest number of fatalities  ( 728 ) , followed by Zamfara state  ( 450 ) . Boko Haram was responsible for most terrorrelated deaths and incidents, mainly targeting civilians, particularly in the northeast of Nigeria, where attacks internally displaced more than 2 million people and forced 240 000 Nigerians to seek safety in neighboring countries.
[ 28th May 2021, Borno State ] There were two attempted terrorist attacks on the convoy of Governor Zulum of Borno State. In the first attack, seven  ( 7 )  Policemen and three  ( 3 )  Soldiers were killed, while in the second incident, twelve  ( 12 )  police officers, five  ( 5 )  soldiers and nine  ( 9 )  civilians were killed. In an unrelated attack by Boko Haram insurgents, Col Dahiru U. Bako and six  ( 6 )  other soldiers were killed. Before his death, he was the commander of 25 Task Force Brigade in Damboa, Borno State.
[ 5th July   11th July 2021 Nigeria ]  Challenges:  Difficulty in accessing some communities due to security concerns  Open defecation in affected communities  Lack of potable drinking water in some rural areas and urban slums  Inadequate vaccines to coverall LGAs ,wards and settlements with cholera outbreaks  Inadequate health facility infrastructure and cholera commodities for management of patients
[ 1st Dec 2020, north east ,Nigeria ] UNHCR recorded in December 2020 that in the north east of Nigeria, illegal checkpoints on roads have become a ‘daily practice' for non state armed groups, particularly in northern Borno. In the first week of December 2020 alone, 17 illegal vehicle checkpoints were mounted in four local government areas, with actors robbing vehicles and valuables and abducting nine passengers. Reportedly, approximately 90 % of those kidnapped by Boko Haram in 2020 were taken from roads that are main supply routes.
[ 12th July 2021, Yobe State ] Education Needs: • There are growing concerns for thousands of children among displaced populations from Geidam and Yunusari LGAs whose education has been disrupted. With most parents are unable to provide for families and there are fears that children could be subjected to negative coping mechanisms and abuse such as begging and street hawking.
[ 4th June 2021, Nigeria ] The Global Coalition to Prevent Education from Attack recorded at least 10 attacks on schools in northeastern and in north central areas of Nigeria between 2017 and 2019, with Boko Haram explicitly targeting Western education. UNICEF noted in 2020 that 1 400 schools have been damaged by conflict. UNOCHA noted that non state armed groups' activities and deadly attacks have targeted civilian locations in 2020, causing extensive damage to health facilities, schools, markets, roads and communication towers. Boko Haram has been reported to attack electric transmission lines and infrastructure. Infrastructure damage has been estimated at USD 9.2 billion and losses at USD 8.3 billion.
[ 4th June 2021, Nigeria ] In 2020 the UN Secretary General noted that Boko Haram triggered displacement and a need for humanitarian assistance, noting that ‘in this context, women and girls face a heightened risk of conflict related sexual violence, including abduction, rape, sexual slavery and forced marriage.' MSF described female headed households and accompanied as ‘especially vulnerable' groups of IDPs who have immediate protection needs when they arrive in camps.
[ 4thJune 2021, Nigeria ] UNOCHA explained ‘Women and girls are under threat of sexual or gender based violence and abduction, for example when venturing outside the trenches that surround many IDP camps to collect firewood or work agricultural fields, though also within IDP camps.' Furthermore, UNOCHA considered that displacement and returns ‘impose high risk' on separated and unaccompanied children. Boys and, to a lesser extent, girls are at risk of forcible recruitment by armed groups or perceived association with armed groups.
[ 4th June 2021, North east ] State security forces in the North East Region were reportedly overstretched due to the Boko Haram/ISWAP insurgency. As a result, they heavily relied on local militia and vigilante groups such as the CJTF and others to help secure the area.
[ 4th June 2021, Adamawa state ] Adamawa state: The main occupation in Adamawa state is farming. Another widespread occupation is cattle rearing and the village communities on the banks of Rivers Gongola and Benue are also involved in fishing.
[ 24th Aug 2021, North East Nigeria ]  Recommendations: PLAN should Include more hygiene  ( sanitary pads, under wears etc )  items in scholastic material CVA. Special self care classes for adolescent girls should be organised. PLAN should evaluate WASH infrastructures in all intervention schools to ensure they are conducive for girls.
[ 6th April 2020, Adamawa State ] On 6 April 2020, Boko Haram attacked Kircinga  ( Madagali LGA ) , at the edge of Sambisa forest, formerly a Boko Haram base. They looted shops and destroyed property. Soldiers stationed in the village repelled the fighters. No fatalities were recorded.
[ 11th June 2021, Yobe state ] Gender and Age of Household Members Sleeping out in the Open: 18 59 years old male  ( 14% ) , 0 5 years female  ( 14% ) , 6 19 years male  ( 11% ) , 13 17 years male  ( 11% ) , 10 12 years male  ( 11% ) , 18 59 years old female  ( 9% ) , 6 9 years female  ( 8% ) , 10 12 years female  ( 7% ) , 13 17 years female  ( 6% ) , 60 years and above male  ( 4% )  and 60 years and above female  ( 4% )  were reported by the respondents.
[ 28th May 2021, Nigeria ] Kidnappings were a recurrent decimal across the country. Other forms of atrocities included: arson, community displacements, forced evictions, extrajudicial slum demolitions, security force brutality  ( often accompanied by arbitrary arrests ) , incursions on the civic space, especially the brutalization of protesters, enforced disappearances, violent gags on media freedoms, and a spike in gender based violence precipitated by impunity and disproportionate state responses. As a matter of fact, nearly all of the atrocities recorded were engendered/ perpetuated by cycles of impunity.
[ 4th June 2021, Borno State ] As mentioned in the Introduction, ACLED codes the incidents with an unknown number of fatalities, but often described as ‘scores' or ‘large numbers' as 10 fatalities. In the whole of Nigeria, ACLED coded 79 incidents as such, of which 76 were registered in Borno  ( 46 explosions/remote violence, 29 battles, and 1 violence against civilians ) .
[ 28th May 2021, Nigeria ] Economically motivated Kidnappings and pillage/banditry attacks were a recurrent decimal across the country. However, these incidents presented differently in the various geopolitical zones. In the Northern States, the most common pattern of attacks were brigands' pillage of communities   mass kidnapping residents, burning homes and farm lands, rustling cattle, and sporadically killing residents
[ 19th July 2021, Jigawa State, Nigeria ]  The Monday announcement of the cholera deaths in Jigawa occurs two days after the Enugu government confirmed that seven people died from the bacteria infection in a market in the state. The Enugu State Ministry of Health said there was a cholera outbreak in New Artisan Market, Enugu, which resulted in the death of seven people in the market with 19 persons identified with the symptoms of loose stool and vomiting. PREMIUM TIMES reported how the Commissioner for Health in Enugu, Emmanuel Obi, disclosed in a Saturday statement that the ministry's rapid response team, upon receiving reports of the incident, carried out an immediate investigation and “it was observed that the patients presented with sudden onset of passage of loose stool and vomiting'.
[ 4th June 2021, Borno state ] Road security: According to UN OCHA, in 2020 the number of security incidents has increased on many roads in Borno state. In January 2020, Boko Haram has been launching attacks on Kano Maiduguri highway, the ‘only remaining safe route' connecting Borno state with Damaturu, Yobe's capital, thus threatening to cut off Borno from the rest of Nigeria. Travellers were taking large detours via Yobe, Bauchi and Gombe states to travel from the capital to the southern part of Borno state.
[ 1st Dec 2020, Borno state ] On 1 December 2020, Borno state returned 3 000 IDPs to their homes and deserted farms in Marte LGA, six years after they had fled the area due to Boko Haram violence. This occurred in the same weekend that an attack on Koshobe village killed dozens of farm workers. UN OCHA commented on this occasion: ‘The Borno State Government's plan to return IDPs to some LGAs witnessing escalating clashes and attacks raised concerns of safety and continued access of IDPs to critical assistance and services. Many of the areas listed for IDP relocation are still inaccessible to aid agencies due to ongoing insecurity.
[ 28th May 2021, North East ] The terrorist groups attacked civilian residents, humanitarian workers, security agents, and government officials, killing at least 1,171 people in 2020. Of this number, 423 of these were soldiers deployed to combat the North/East insurgency. Most of these attacks were recorded in the BAY  ( Borno, Adamawa, Yobe )  States, with most of them occurring in Borno state.
[ 7th Jun 2021, North East, Nigeria ]  In their joint March to July 2021 acute food insecurity early warning report, the UN Food and Agriculture Organization  ( FAO )  and the UN World Food Program  ( WFP )  issued their highest level alert for food insecurity in northeastern Nigeria, classifying the food insecurity crisis in the country as among the most severe in the world, along with South Sudan and Yemen, with inaccessible areas noted to be facing particularly high levels of food insecurity. In its 2021 Famine Prevention and Humanitarian Crisis Compact, the Group of Seven pledged support to scale up humanitarian response activities and strengthen the resilience of acutely food insecure populations
[ 28th May 2021, Nigeria ] Other forms of violent incidents recorded in January included banditry, gang attacks, politically motivated forms of violence, mob lynching, extrajudicial killings, pirate attacks and isolated killings. In summary, at least 337 civilians and 78 security officers were killed in January.
[ 28th May 2021, North East ] It took less than two hours for the attacking gunmen to kill more people in Gubio, than Covid 19 reportedly had in the past 3 months throughout the state. As at the time of documentation, twenty three  ( 23 )  deaths had been attributed to Covid   19 in Borno . Other forms of violent incidents within this period included banditry/pillage attacks, continued terrorism, communal clashes, extrajudicial killings, and rival cult clashes
[ 9th Aug 2021, Borno State ]  A total of 5,526 individuals  ( 1,000 households )  were recently relocated from Monguno LGA to Doro and Kauwa wards of Kukawa LGA, both located in the state of Borno. 3,062 individuals  ( 55% )  relocated to Doro while the remaining 45 per cent  ( 2,464 individuals )  moved to Kauwa. 1,781 individuals were relocated from Waterboard Camp, 1,428 from GSSSS Camp, 913 from Fulatari Camp, 152 from Ngurno Camp, 488 from Government Girls Secondary School  ( GGSS )  Camp, 421 from Kuya Camp, 108 from Staduim Camp, 125 from Gana Ali Camp and 110 from Fulatari Host Community. The relocated population are made up of 276 infants  ( 5% ) , 2,709 children  ( 49% ) , 2,272 adult males and females  ( 41% )  and 269 elderly persons  ( 5% ) . The majority of the relocated population are currently without shelter, food, Non Food Items  ( NFIs ) , livelihood, access to health facilities and education.
[ 11th June 2021, Yobe state ] Container Usually Used to Store Drinking Water : Jerrycans and clay pots are the predominant containers used in storing drinking as indicated by 28% each from the separate respondents followed by buckets  ( 23% )  and Drum/barrel  ( 16% ) .
[ 11th June 2021, Yobe state ] Water Treatment by Household : 73% of the total respondents indicated they treat their water while 27% of the remaining respondents reported they do not treat their water.
[ 1stOct 2020,North east Nigeria ]  Food expenditure includes both food items purchased with cash as well as those obtained by a household's own production. Cereals comprise two third of the median monthly food expenditure, followed by pulses  ( 9 percent ) , vegetables and fruit  ( 7 percent ) , oil and fats  ( 5 percent ) , meat and fish  ( 4 percent ) , dairy  ( 2 percent )  and tea  ( 1 percent )   ( Fig 17 ) .
[ 26th Jun 2021, Nigeria ]  "...the conflicts in the three states... that recorded deaths of 35,000 at the end of 2019, increased by 10 times at nearly 350,000 deaths through the end of 2020, with 314,000 of those from indirect causes." About 1.1 million lives could be lost by 2030, if the insurgency ravaging Nigeria's North east region continues, the United Nations Development Programme  ( UNDP )  has said in a new report.
[ 26th Jun 2021, Nigeria ]  The report also said the over a decade conflict in the war torn states of Adamawa, Borno, and Yobe "had increased by 10 times killing nearly 350,000 people as of the end of 2020". PREMIUM TIMES had reported in August 2019, that the insurgency led by extremist Islamic groups had killed an estimated 35,000 in the North east parts of Nigeria since the beginning of the conflict in 2009. The UNDP Resident Representative, Mohamed Yahya, said this in a statement Thursday at the virtual launching of the UN report titled, "Assessing the Impact of Conflict on Development in North east Nigeria."
[ 11th June 2021, Yobe state ] Quantity of Water Consume by Household Per Day : 30% of the total respondents indicated that they consume more than 75 litres of water for the entire household per day. Some 27% and 25% indicated that they consume 20 37 litres and 38 75 litres respectively.
[  25th May 2021, Nigeria ]  “About 70 per cent of the total population needs to receive the COVID 19 vaccines to completely eradicate the virus,'The Executive Director of the National Primary Health Care Development Agency  ( NPHCDA ) , Faisal Shuaib said in January ahead of the vaccine rollout. Mr Shuaib said about 40 per cent will be vaccinated in 2021, while the remaining 30 per cent will be covered in 2022.
[ 26th Jun 2021, Nigeria ]  Citing the report, Mr Yahaya said that critical aspect of progress and development, including Gross Domestic Product  ( GDP ) , poverty, malnutrition, infant mortality, education, water availability and sanitation, may not return to pre conflict levels in the region even by 2030. He said findings from the report show that "for each casualty caused directly by insurgency, an additional nine people, primarily children, have lost their lives due to a lack of food and resources   and more than 90 per cent of conflict attributable deaths are of children under the age of five".
[ 16th July 2021, Nigeria ]  Hazards and Vulnerabilities: Protracted armed violence by non state armed groups  ( NSAG )  has forced hundreds of thousands of farming households out of their homes, seeking refuge in internally displaced camps, and host communities perceived to be safer. Livelihoods of many households have broken down, rendering them food insecure with high levels of severe acute and chronic malnutrition. Armed conflict has also disrupted trade and market functionality, disrupted food commodity flow and terminated other income generating activities. Increased insurgency has cut off major trade routes creating a serious vacuum of staple food and essential non food items. This has contributed to the atypical rise in staple prices since the evolution of COVID 19 induced economic impacts, complicated further by poor terms of trade and weak purchasing power, seriously limited most household's access to sufficient food.
[ 28th June   4th July 2021, Nigeria ]  Challenges:  Difficulty in accessing some communities due to security concerns  Open defecation in affected communities  Lack of potable drinking water in some rural area sand urban slums  Inadequate vaccines to cover all LGAs, wards and settlements with cholera out breaks  Inadequate health facility infrastructure and cholera commodities for management of patients.
[ 11th June 2021, Yobe state ] Amount of Money  ( In NGN )  Spend by Household to Buy Water Per Day : Majority  ( 51% )  of the total respondents indicated that they spend less than NGN 200 per day to purchase water for the household while 41% indicated NGN 200 500 as the amount of money they spend on purchasing water for the household per day.
[ 11th June 2021, Yobe state ] Hygiene Practices: Times of Hand Washing , Some 23% of the total respondents indicated they was hands before eating food while 19% said they wash hands after eating food. Only 12% each reported they wash hand after defecation and latrine use respectively.
[ 11th June 2021, Yobe state ] Main Factor that Prevents Household from Using Soap: Out of the total respondents, 40% indicated that soap is expensive to buy being the factor that prevents them from using soap while 29% belives that water alone cleanses the hand. Additionally, 16% of the repondents think washing hands with soap take time while 9% indicated that soap is not a practice even before.
[ 11th June 2021, Yobe state ] Substance  ( item )  Used in Washing Hands by Household: Water and soap are predominantly used in hand washing as indicated by 50% of the total respondents while 38% reported they use water only.
[ 11th June 2021, Yobe state ] Household Means of Cooking Food : More than half  ( 59% )  of the total respondents use 3 stone method with fire wood/charcoal to cook their food while 40% use local cooking stove. At least 2% cook food with fuel efficient stoves.
[ 11th June 2021, Yobe state ] Access to Health/Hygiene message in the Current Place of Displacement: Health/hygiene messages were heard by 56% of the totals respondents in their current place of displacement while 44% are yet to come across health/hygiene messages.
[ 11th June 2021, Yobe state ] Most Preferred Channel of Communication for Health/Hygiene Messages: 29% of the total respondents indicated they prefer to receive health and hygiene messages through radio while house visit and sms/mobile phone were indicated by 29% and 17% respectively.
[ 25th May 2021, Nigeria ]  The state Commissioner for Health, Dr. Aliyu Maigoro, He said nine local government areas in the state recorded a total of 322 cases  [ Cholera ]  within one month, adding that the fatality rate on the outbreak was 6.2 per cent.
[ 20th May 2021, Abuja, Nigeria  ]  Nigeria deregulated its downstream oil sector a year ago, after the COVID 19 pandemic triggered a collapse in the global price of oil, its main export. However, rising oil prices since last year have increased the cost of petrol imports, stoking inflation and creating some social unrest, issues that the government needs to agree with labour unions prior to increasing pump price. The government announced last year that petrol prices will move with the market and eliminate subsidies but said it would maintain control through a pricing mechanism
[ 16th Aug 2021, Nigeria ]  Recall that on 02 March 2021 Nigeria received 3.92 million doses of the COVID 19 vaccine, through the COVAX Facility, a partnership between CEPI, Gavi, UNICEF and WHO. The arrival marked a historic step towards the goal of ensuring equitable distribution of COVID 19 vaccines globally, in what will be the largest vaccine procurement and supply operation in history.
[  12th  18th Jun 2021, Borno State ]  There are two functioning health facilities in Dikwa, the General Hospital and the clinic, both are operated by the government. However, the facilities and medication do not suffice to meet the needs of the IDPs and host community
[ 24th May 2021, Taraba State ]  On 13 May 2021, a clash between neighbouring Tiv and Fulani communities in Bali LGA in Taraba state was reported which led to a wave of population displacement. Following this event, rapid assessments were conducted by DTM  ( Displacement Tracking Matrix )  field staff with the purpose of informing the humanitarian community and government partners, and enable targeted response. Flash reports utilise direct observation and a broad network of key informants to gather representative data and collect information on the number, profile and immediate needs of affected populations.
[ 24th May 2021, Nigeria ] As part of efforts towards curtailing the spread of the COVID 19 pandemic in Nigeria, the federal government on Monday launched a sensitisation campaign. Tagged ‘Powerful H.A.N.D.S,' the Director General of the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control  ( NCDC ) , Chikwe Ihekweazu, while speaking at the launch, said the campaign is targeted at select states with high COVID 19 cases in the country. The director general gave the H.A.N.D.S' acronym to mean; “H – Have your hands washed or sanitised frequently; A – Always cough or sneeze into your elbow; N – No going out without face mask; D – Distance of at least two arm's lengths should be maintained; S – Stay indoors and self isolate if you feel sick.'
[ 24th May 2021, Taraba State ]  The clash affected a total of 7,296 individuals in Bali LGA of Taraba State. Affected individuals were forced to flee their locations of origin towards villages in Logo, Ukum, Katsina Ala and Vandeikya LGAs in the neighbouring state of Benue, and Gassol LGA and the ward Bali A within Bali LGA of Taraba State. A total of 245 casualties were recorded and 698 shelters were damaged. Following the rapid assessment, 45 per cent of IDPs mentioned shelter as their main need, followed by food  ( reported by 30% of IDPs ) , NFIs  ( reported by 15% of IDPs )  and livelihood  ( reported by 10% of IDPs ) .