nlp-thedeep/humsetbias huggingface dataset:
On delivery of assistance, according to asylum seekers in locations where distributions have taken place, those without UNHCR registration tokens and a few others registered could not receive food and NFIs, some reported inadequate information about distribution date and time which prevented them from receiving assistance.
In all the LGAs assessed, the households admitted to employing various coping strategies such as loaning money to buy food, limiting portion sizes of food, reducing the number of meals consumed a day, restricting consumption by adults  ( mostly women )  so children could eat food and a few women and girls resorted to transactional sex to have a meal.
Communication apps are the main sources of information for the migration decision amongst the current respondents. It is also noted in the literature that social media platforms such as Facebook and WhatsApp are also often used to for Nigerians to contact with or sustain continued communication with their smugglers  ( IOM, 2017b ) .
According to the Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey 2013, adolescent girls  ( particularly those aged under 15 )  are at risk for early marriage  ( 7 ) , with a high rate of child marriage in northern Nigeria  ( 46, 47 )
Domestic Violence, attempted rape and Sexual/ Gender based violence, Teenage pregnancy, and Physical violence have been recognized by refugees as most serious SGBV problems in the settlements. More and more teenage pregnancy has challenged parents and community leaders seriously than ever. Alcoholism, drug abuse, risky life style, and Poverty have increased more domestic violence and teenage sex survivors
The compounding factors of an underdeveloped body  ( girls under the age of 15 are especially at risk of dying during childbirth )   ( 50 ) , the absence of skilled personnel at birth and not being the primary decisionmaker concerning her own health put pregnant rural adolescent girls in northern Nigeria at significant risk.
About 20 30% of the asylum seeker population have a specific vulnerability, such as physical disability, being a single or elderly head of household, not being in school or being persons traumatised by events of the emergency etc. In Ikom specifically, the asylum seekers noted that there are some cases of HIV, but not under treatment
According to them, there are several cases of aged women heads of household taking care of children in all communities visited and considerable number of child headed households. Survivors of sexual exploitation/survival sex  ( SGBV )  were considerable in most communities. Many persons of concern  ( PoCs )  were visibly traumatized psychologically and over 75 80% of the children were out of school in all communities assessed
In the reporting Week 20  ( 13th – 19th May, 2019 )  six new confirmedi cases were reported from three states – Edo ( 2 ) , Ebonyi ( 2 )  and Ondo ( 2 )  states with one new death from Edo state  From 1 st January to 19th May, 2019, a total of 2504 suspectedi cases have been reported from 21 states. Of these, 575 were confirmed positive, 15 probable and 1914 negative  ( not a case )  Table 1  Since the onset of the 2019 outbreak, there have been 129 deaths in confirmed cases. Case fatality ratio in confirmed cases is 22.4%
The presidential and legislative elections held on 23 February also impacted humanitarian operations. The presence of humanitarian staff in the humanitarian hubs across Borno, Adamawa and Yobe  ( BAY )  states remained limited due to the relocation of staff during the election period. Non state Armed Groups  ( NSAGs )  launched multiple attacks on governmentcontrolled towns in Borno and Yobe states on election day. No casualties were reported among humanitarian staff or internally displaced people, and no humanitarian assets were impacted during these attacks.
Population movements over the course of April were similar to those of the previous month, with 15,449 recorded arrivals and departures within the three northeast states and another 2,012 movements into Nigeria from Cameroon, Niger and Chad due to ongoing conflict, poor living conditions, voluntary relocations and military operations1 .
Mobbar: 184 arrivals were recorded in Mobbar LGA of Borno state. These include 126 arrivals from Shetimari ward and 58 arrivals from Bosso ward of Diffa in Niger Republic.
Families/children lost birth registration and other identities as some were unable to return home to collect their documents before displacement and others reported their IDs were reportedly destroyed when their homes were burnt allegedly by Cameroonian gendarmes.
Most of the locations visited, there were reports of sexual abuse of women and girls during the course of flight perpetuated by Cameroonian soldiers. Some allegations of rape were also reported in some host communities, particularly in Ekang, Agbokim waterfalls and Amana allegedly perpetuated by host community members. In Agbokim, a 13 year old was specifically reported to have been raped by a community member, the perpetrator was caught in the act by the girl's mother. There were few cases of transactional sex reported in communities assessed, especially Akor, Amana, Ajassor, and Ikom
Most girls and women expressed the concerns of feeling unsafe especially in the night because thieves take advantages of plastic sheet shelters to steel and rape in female headed households.  Most of the makeshift and emergency shelters leak during rainy season as it was reported mostly by participants in Monguno, Gwoza and Ngala.
An estimated 30,000 Nigerian refugees who had fled Rann of Kala/Balge LGA in Borno State to neighboring Cameroon returned to Rann at the end of February. Rann has not been accessible to humanitarian actors due to ongoing insecurity since January and discussions on the possible redeployment of humanitarian workers are ongoing. The humanitarian community also urges for any returns to be voluntary, safe and dignified.
 In the reporting week 20, no new health care worker was affected. A total of eighteen health care workers have been infected since the onset of the outbreak in eight States – Edo  ( 7 ) , Ondo  ( 3 ) , Ebonyi  ( 2 ) , Enugu  ( 1 ) , Rivers  ( 1 ) , Bauchi  ( 1 )  Benue  ( 1 ) , Plateau  ( 1 )  and Kebbi ( 1 )  with two deaths in Enugu and Edo States  Five  ( 5 )  patients are currently being managed at various treatment centres across the country: Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital ( ISTH )  treatment Centre  ( 1 ) , Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki  ( 2 ) , Federal Medical Centre, Jalingo  ( 1 )  and Kebbi  ( 1 )
There were 110 suspected cases of Yellow Fever  ( YF )  reported from 56 LGAs in 22 states and FCT. None was laboratory confirmed and one death was recorded
Women and girls from Baga town in Kukawa LGA living together in one communal shelter in Dolori 1 Camp in Maiduguri. 40 per cent of IDP camps in Borno State are over congested.
Most of the asylum seekers ranked food above shelter even though both are equally important.  95% of the population are without proper or independent shelter.  50% of the new arrivals in Ekang reported that they do not have sleeping materials.  100% of house assessed reported that there has been no support for them to build their own shelter.  99% of the houses rely on firewood as main cooking fuel.
There were five suspected cases of cholera reported from three LGAs in Adamawa state. There were three laboratory confirmed cases and no death was recorded.
A recent Rapid Food Security and Nutrition Assessment reported high levels of food insecurity and malnutrition in Sokoto, Zamfara and Katsina states. 70% of the IDPs have insufficient food and global acute malnutrition among children is very high  ( 18% in Sokoto to 31% in Zamfara ) .
Many households requested for two mattresses in CRI kit to cater for parents and children as children are always left out because each kit has one mattress.
In all communities assessed, there is currently no agency implementing ‘WASH' activities, very few pipe borne water, no functional borehole available. There is the existence of surface water in all communities visited which serves as major source of drinking water.
Regarding access to education, UNHCR protection monitoring report 2018 showed a very high number of out of school children. The humanitarian needs overview 2018 estimated that 2.8 million schoolaged children and education personnel are in need of emergency education in the BAY States due to poor quality of education in existing schools and overcrowded classrooms. UNHCR mission reports showed that some children do not feel safe in school due to the risk of abduction happening in school environment. 5.5.C Recommend
Children who have completed the Junior secondary school section  ( JSS 1 3 )  could not continue with Senior Secondary section  ( SS 4 6 )  because the schools in the camps end at JSS 3. There is need to establish Senior School sections in camps.  High number of out of school children due to limited schools, lack of teachers as well as teaching/learning materials in Ngala, MMC, Bama, and Gwoza LGAs. No money to pay school fees, buy writing materials and uniform
Forced/child marriage; married girls receive little or no schooling: virtually no married girls are in school; only 2 percent of 15–19 year old married girls are in school, compared to 69% of unmarried girls across all assessment locations in Borno and Yobe States.  In Banki, children complained that they don't feel safe on their way to school and in school.  Abduction and forced recruitment of young boys and girls by NSAG on the way to farm and firewood fetching in Gujba, Yobe State; and Bama, Ngala, Dikwa and Gwoza in Borno State.
For IDP returnees in Yobe, most were happy to be back home, but disappointed that they cannot undertake some of their livelihood activities for fear of being abducted or killed while on their farmland.Refugee returnees in Gwoza stated that they faced harassment by the security authorities as they travelled back to Nigeria from neighboring countries for lack of identification.  In both Bama and Yobe, IDP returnees stated that they continued to live in fear of NSAG attacks, as nearby localities had been attacked in the recent past
April 27: Boko Haram killed one soldier and three others in Kofia, Cameroon. April 27: Gunmen abducted three oil workers in Ahoada East, Rivers. April 29: Bandits abducted the board chairman of the Universal Basic Education Commission  ( UEBC )  along with his daughter and killed the driver in Abuja. April 29: Boko Haram killed thirty in Madagali, Adamawa. April 29: Sectarian violence resulted in three deaths in Bassa, Plateau.
On the other hand, violent attacks and kidnapping of civilians that began in 2014 by non state armed groups have prompted mass displacement in Nigeria, parƟcularly in the north eastern region of the country. As the most populous country in Africa with 190 million people, Nigeria had an estimated caseload of 1.8 million internally displaced persons in 2018, primarily displaced by conflict in Borno, Adamawa and Yobe states, and it is now also witnessing increasing violence between herders and farmers in Nigeria's Middle Belt.
In Chad, the security situation has deteriorated in the Ngouboua Sub Prefecture thus complicating humanitarian assistance. This climaxed in the Boko Haram attack of Dandala  ( an island in Ngouboua area ) . There were also reported population movements from Bourboura to Ngouboua and Ngachia to Kola as well as other sites near Ngouboua. The upsurge in attacks was deduced to have resulted from the withdrawal of the MNJTF from Ngouboua and Baga Sola  ( Kaya )  in order to support counter insurgency operations in Nigeria. To mitigate this security gap, more than 1,500 military personnel were deployed to the Lake area
In the Diffa region of Niger, the security situation worsened in March and April and the State of Emergency, declared since 2015, was extended for a further three months. Repeated suicide attacks and other forms of attack perpetrated by the Boko Haram during March resulted in secondary movements for over 18,000 people within the region, mainly to the Diffa commune, as well as the Kindjani site in the Guesjerou commune.
April 30: Boko Haram killed fourteen loggers in Monguno, Borno. April 30: Bandits killed seventeen in Safana, Katsina. May 1: Bandits kidnapped six from an all girls school in Zurmi, Zamfara. May 1: A mob killed seven bandits in Birnin Magai, Zamfar
Of the 144 IDP HHs assessed, 80% reported that lack of food was their top push factor to leave their current location, followed by lack of security  ( 60% )  and a lack of employment/access to cash  ( 40% ) . The top 3 reported pull factors in choosing a future location were: access to security  ( 80% ) , access to food  ( 80% ) , and presence of education services  ( 40% )
Since the conflict between Nigerian security forces and armed opposition groups  ( AOGs )  escalated in 2013, more than two million individuals have been displaced. Most were displaced within Borno State, particularly to urban centres in accessible Local Government Areas  ( LGAs ) . The humanitarian response is challenged by information gaps including, but not limited to, a lack of clarity on the security environment in inaccessible areas outside of urban centres, clarity on the availablility of services and persons' access to services in accessible locations and the varying vulnerabilites of beneficiaries
There is urgent need for health system strengthening in all the areas hosting asylum seekers. Efforts should be geared towards rehabilitating and strengthening of existing health facilities, provision of medication and medical supplies.
Jere: 351 arrivals were recorded in Jere LGA of Borno state. These include 104 arrivals from Rann ward of Kala Balge LGA of Borno state, 53 arrivals from Diffa in Republic of Niger and 194 arrivals from Marwa in Cameroon. The new arrivals reported to have relocated due to the ongoing conflict
Within the period of 25 April   05 May 2019, a total of 3,320 movements were recorded, including 2,695 arrivals and 625 departures. Arrivals were recorded at locations in Askira/Uba, Bama, Biu, Chibok, Dikwa, Gwoza, Jere, Kaga, Mafa, Maiduguri, Mobbar, Monguno and Ngala Local Government Areas  ( LGAs )  of Borno state and locations in Demsa, Fufore, Girei, Gombi, Hong, Lamurde, Madagali, Maiha, Mayo Belwa, Michika, Mubi North, Mubi South, Numan, Song, Yola North and Yola South LGAs of Adamawa state. Departures were recorded at Askira/Uba LGA of Borno state, Demsa, Fufore, Girei, Gombi, Hong, Madagali, Maiha, Michika, Mubi North, Mubi South, Numan and Yola North LGAs of Adamawa state.
At epi week 19, 2029 suspected cases of Measles were recorded in 36 states with 2 deaths  ( CFR 0.1% )  • Borno  ( 989 ) , Yobe  ( 372 )  and Katsina  ( 301 )  states account for up to 79.7% of the cases reported in week 19 of 2019 • Between epi weeks 1 and 17, 2019, a total of 28,796 suspected cases have been recorded from 660 LGAs in 36 states and FCT with 89 deaths  ( CFR = 0.31% )
The recently concluded Biometric Registration in Fufore Local Government Area within the period of 24 September – 10 November 2018, has brought the total number of Displaced persons in Baga to 4,686 individuals  ( 1,168 households ) . The average family size within the location is 4, with 38 per cent of families comprising of 1 2 members; 27 per cent comprising of 3 4 members; 23 per cent comprising of 5 6 members; 9 per cent comprising of 7 8 members; and 9 per cent comprising of 9 and above members.
Young boys in Pulka and Gwoza leave school to engage in backyard farming, animal husbandry, and hawking in order to meet up with their day to day needs.  Due to loss of resources and lack of livelihood opportunities in Teacher's Village, Gubio and Bakassi IDP camps all in Maiduguri, the risk of engaging in criminal activities by youths to have access to basic needs is high.
March 30: Nigerian troops killed "scores"  ( estimated at forty )  of Boko Haram militants in Michika, Adamawa. March 30: Nigerian troops killed one bandit; two vigilantes were also killed in Tsafe, Zamfara. March 30: Bandits killed forty three in Shinkafi, Zamfara.
During the registration exercise, the enumerators collected vulnerability data to identify individuals who may require additional humanitarian assistance. Out of the total population registered, 11 per cent are people experiencing at least one of the vulnerabilities  ( shown below ) . Vulnerability figures are obtained through interviews with heads of households, in the presence of other family members. 40 per cent of the IDPs in Girei were displaced from Madagali  ( LGA ) , 24 per cent from Gwoza  ( LGA ) , 12 per cent from Michika  ( LGA ) , 4 per cent from Hong  ( LGA ) , 3 per cent from Askira/Uba  ( LGA ) , 2 per cent from Mubi North, Numan, Bama, Damboa  ( LGA )  respectively; 1 per cent from Demsa, GIrei, Gomi, Mubi South, Maiduguri, Damturu and Gujba  ( LGA )  respectively.
Refugee returnees in Ngala and Banki expressed similar coping mechanisms, which is, the usage of their refugee card as a means of identification but the document is not easily accepted by the military.  IDPs in MMC and Jere camps said some of them have received ID cards from UNHCR. From the groups interviewed, very few received ID cards
the lack of documentation is mainly due to the crisis and since then, the government has not provided any form of documentation to them. Before the crisis, some of them had ID cards but not at the moment.  The most common identify document they currently possess are the voters card.
According to recent figures, 604,000 people, or more than a third of the total displaced population in North East Nigeria, are staying in formal or informal settlements with a congestion of people far exceeding this minimum standardiii . Many camps are characterised as highly congested, meaning that surface area available per person is less than 15 square meters. 160,000 people are living on as little as 5 square meters per person.
According to the HRP 2018, almost 2.9 IDPs million IDPs and returnees  ( children and caregivers )  are in . According to Plan International 2017 assessment on child protection and education needs, 75% of sites assessed reported that children have been involve in hard wage labour including breaking stones, brick making and laying, carrying heavy equipment and loads from trucks. The same assessment raised the issue of use of students by religious teachers for child labour
Sexual exploitation of women and girls was reported in nearly all camps and host communities during most of the focus group discussions  ( FGDs )  and key informant interviews  ( KIIs )  with critical levels of exploitation in Muna and Madinatu.  Rape/sexual assault of women/girls was reported. In Bakassi and EYN/CAN Centre Camps, accounts of rape and sexual abuse were described to be prevalent, severe and as being committed with impunity
There were 101 suspected cases of Lassa Fever  ( LF )  reported from 40 LGAs in 11 states and FCT  ( Edo – 54, Ondo – 21, Ebonyi – 9, Bauchi – 6, Nasarawa – 1, Plateau – 3, FCT – 1, Kaduna – 2, Kogi – 1, Enugu – 1, Ogun – 1 & Abia – 1 ) . There were 11 confirmed cases and one death was recorded
Children are engaging in hawking and street begging because the food ratio is not enough. Some parents send the children to hawk and beg to take care of themselves.  There is a lack of motivational measures or strategy to attract and retain children to school. In Bama, children complained that more attention is given to girls than boys in school. That is the reason why some of the children  ( male )  do not go to school.
Thousands of people with mental health conditions across Nigeria are chained and locked up in various facilities where they face terrible abuse, Human Rights Watch said today.
Partners continue to scale up health services including outpatient services, antenatal care and nutrition screening for children among the new arrivals. Some 142 children suffering from severe acute malnutrition  ( SAM )  have been admitted to the outpatient therapeutic programme  ( OTP ) , while 23 SAM cases with complications are being handled at the stabilization centre. There is an urgent need to replenish drug supplies and also expand the clinic in view of the influx which more than triples the preexisting population of the camps.
Main causes of family separation are accidental separation during the conflict/crisis during and after flight. About 75% of children in all locations are out of school, which create great potentials for exploitation, physical violence and sexual violence, but the refugees individually or via FGDs claimed do not exist. The striking coping strategies used by families generally include taking children out rightly out of school and sending them to live with relatives
Camp overcrowding is still a serious challenge across Borno State. While the construction of the new Mohammed Goni International Stadium camp will reduce overcrowding in Teachers Village camp in Maiduguri, immediate arrangements are needed to decongest camps across Borno State to avoid public health risks and transmission of diseases ahead of the rainy season that runs from May to October. Hygiene and sanitation are challenging during this period and there is a high risk of water contamination, adding to the risk of water borne diseases such as cholera. Women and children are particularly vulnerable to disease outbreaks.
In 2014 and early 2015, non state armed groups  ( NSAG )  commonly known as Boko Haram intensified its attacks on the civilian population in Northeast Nigeria, with tactics developing from hit and run attacks targeting Government personnel, detention centers, religious institutions and schools, to take and hold attacks in which the NSAG managed to establish and maintain control over large swaths of territory. In late 2015 and 2016, the Nigerian Armed Forces took back most NSAG controlled areas, the armed conflict resulted in supplementary mass displacement, especially in Borno State.
Due to the evolving nature of the northeast Nigeria emergency, girls and boys are often exposed to numerous risk factors, creating vulnerabilities and protection concerns within the affected population. Analysis show that the most prevalent child protection concern among the affected population was family separation, with ninety one per cent  ( 91% )  of the verified caseload reporting that they had experienced family separation issues. Out of the total 5,757 children verified, 3,589  ( 62% )  were separated children, while 1,686  ( 29% )  were Unaccompanied.
Due to the impact of the emergency on the family structure and wellbeing of the affected population. Many children and care givers require external assistance for reintegration into society. Measuring the need for external reintegration support showed that the significant majority, ninety three per cent  ( 93% )  of children and care givers require reintegration assistance. Out of the 5,757 caseload, 5,340 required reintegration support.
Of the 169 IDP HHs assessed, 86% reported that a lack of security was their top push factor to leave their current location, followed by a lack of food  ( 27% )  and a lack of health services  ( 9% ) . The top 3 reported pull factors in choosing a future location were: access to security  ( 73% ) , access to food  ( 32% ) , and presence of health services  ( 23% )
There were 403 suspected cases of measles reported from 126 LGAs in 29 states and FCT. None was laboratory confirmed and two deaths was recorded.
Furthermore, eleven per cent  ( 11% )  were survivors of grave violations; 343 children  ( 6% )  had experienced CAAG issues, 161 children  ( 3% )  had experience Sexual and Gender Based Violence  ( SGBV )  issues, and 137 children  ( 2% )  had been detained. One per cent  ( 1%: 76 children )  of the caseload had experienced Child Marriage, and two per cent  ( 2%: 105 children )  had experienced other protection concerns.
There were 104 suspected cases of AFP reported from 93 LGAs in 28 states and FCT. None was laboratory confirmed and no death was recorded.
The need for access to food and nutrition assistance to asylum seekers and especially children under five is of utmost immediate need and tops the priorities as expressed by most respondents interviewed.
ETT assessments identified the following movement triggers: voluntary relocation  ( 17% ) , improved security  ( 5% ) , ongoing conflict  ( 54% ) , fear of attack  ( 10% ) , military operation  ( 2% )  and poor living conditions  ( 12% )
Within the period of 18   24 March 2019, a total of 2,833 movements were recorded, including 2,522 arrivals and 311 departures. Arrivals were recorded at locations in Askira/Uba, Bama, Chibok, Dikwa, Gwoza, Jere, Kaga, Konduga, Mobbar and Ngala Local Government Areas  ( LGAs )  of Borno state and locations in Demsa, Fufore, Maiha and Numan LGAs of Adamawa state. Departures were recorded at Askira/Uba LGA of Borno state, Demsa, Fufore, Maiha and Numan LGAs of Adamawa state.
Bama: 216 arrivals were recorded in Bama LGA of Borno state. These include 110 arrivals from Marwa in Cameroon, 57 arrivals from Chongolo ward, 48 arrivals from Darajamal ward and 1 arrival from Soye ward of Bama LGA all tracked at GSSSS camp in Shehuri ward of Bama LGA. 54% of the new arrivals report to have relocated due to poor living conditions while 46% voluntarily relocated
Jere: Askira/Uba: 895 arrivals and 218 departures were recorded in Askira/Uba LGA of Borno state. These include 776 arrivals from Ngiki in Michika ward of Michika LGA of Adamawa state, 53 arrivals from Multhfu in Kopa/Multhfu ward of Askira Uba LGA tracked at Uba and Wamdeo/Giwi wards, 19 arrivals from Lassa ward tracked at Wambur in Uba ward, 47 arrivals from Gatamarwa ward of Chibok LGA of Borno State, 193 departures from Tunfure ward of Akko LGA of Gombe state, 14 departures from Izghe in Bita/Izghe ward of Gwoza LGA of Borno state and 11 departures from Mampaya in Uba ward of Hong LGA of Adamawa state. 87% of the new arrivals reported to have relocated due to the ongoing conflict, 5% due to poor living conditions and 8% due to fear of attack. 6% of the departures voluntarily departed while 94% was due to fear of attack.
Negative coping strategies such as, child labour, street begging, borrowing, forced prostitution, transactional sex in exchange for food or other assistance, restrictions on freedom of movement and basic needs deprivation, forced and early marriage, collection of firewood in insecure areas which remains a high risk livelihood option, selling of wood fuel and productive assets, particularly by IDPs, especially female headed and childheaded households, are common coping strategies for economically depressed households.
In March 2018, nearly all 100 Dapchi school girls  ( Yobe State )  were released by NSAGs following their abduction in February 2018. In July 2018, 183 children were released from Nigerian Armed Forces detention, in Borno State. Also, 833 children were released from the ranks of the Civilian Joint Task Force  ( CTJF )  in Maiduguri as part of its commitment to end and prevent the recruitment and the use of children for military purposes. Killing of civilian, including farmers during the harvest time were also reported. In October and November 2018, several killings of farmers were reported in Borno state.
Humanitarian workers are not exempted. On 1 March 2018 three aid workers were tragically executed in Rann town, Borno State and a female aid worker  ( nurse )  working with UNICEF, was also abducted and she is still being held by the NSAG. Two female aid workers working with the International Committee of the Red Cross  ( ICRC )  were executed in September and October 2018 respectively. It worth noting that four male aid workers were also killed in 2018.
The abduction, on April 14, 2014, of 276 schoolgirls from the government owned Chibok Secondary school in Borno State caught the world's attention and sparked a campaign for their release. Human Rights Watch research, however, showed that Boko Haram's abductions of women and girls began before the Chibok incident and have continued. According to a UNICEF report, the group abducted more than 1,000 children between 2013 and 2018.
These incidents have affected mostly civilians  ( 57% ) , government and community forces  ( GF, 18% ) , non state armed groups  ( NSAG, 16% )  and criminals  ( 6% ) ; INGOs represent 1% of the affected groups; the remaining 2% represent the groups that could not be determined distinctly and credibly as belonging to any of the other groups.
In addition to the displaced population, 1.56 million individuals have returned to their communities since August 2015, due to the expanded presence of security forces. However, the infrastructure in these areas is still severely damaged or destroyed and essential services have yet to be fully restored. People in Gwoza town, Borno State for example, spend several hours a day under the scorching sun searching for water, often in unsafe, hand dug wells. The lack of infrastructure leaves no other option as the limited available resources are overstretched by the needs of displaced and returnee populations.
The emergency, which is primarily a crisis of civilians protection, is characterized by massive and grave human rights violations and abuses, including killings, injuries, rape and other sexual and gender based violence, abduction, arbitrary detention, disappearances, forced displacement, attacks on soft targets, burning of homes, pillaging, suicide bombings, forced recruitment to join armed groups, and the use of explosive devices. In terms of protections risks vulnerability, most vulnerable civilians, including children, women, girls, the elderly among others are the most affected people.
Last month marked ten years since Mohammed Yusuf, founder of Boko Haram, died in police detention. His death led to the radicalization of the sect and a declaration ofJihad against the Nigerian state.
Nigeria recently held both presidential and gubernatorial elections in the span of a few weeks. While the results were broadly credible, the process was replete with logistical failures and delays, misconduct, voting irregularities, and violence that resulted in the deaths of at least 58 people since the presidential elections began, and approximately 600 people since the start of campaigning in November 2018.
Within the period of 20 26 May 2019, a total of 16,733 movements were recorded, including 13,503 arrivals and 3,230 departures. Arrivals were recorded at locations in Askira/Uba, Bama, Chibok, Damboa, Dikwa, Gwoza, Hawul, Jere, Kala Balge, Maiduguri, Mobbar, Monguno and Ngala Local Government Areas  ( LGAs )  of Borno state and locations in Demsa, Fufore, Girei, Gombi, Guyuk, Hong, Madagali, Maiha, Mayo Belwa, Michika, Mubi North, Mubi South, Numan, Song, Yola North and Yola South LGAs of Adamawa state. Departures were recorded at Askira/Uba and Chibok LGA of Borno state, Demsa, Gombi, Hong, Madagali, Mayo Belwa, Michika, Mubi North, Mubi South, Numan and Yola North LGAs of Adamawa state
Seven other locations were cleared by military forces in Maiduguri, Mobbar and Biu Local Government Areas. However, on May 13 three soldiers, including a lieutenant colonel, were reportedly killed by a Boko Haram roadside blast 30km North near Damboa. Four other soldiers sustained injuries. It is unclear which faction of Boko Haram implemented the attack, though Shekau's fighters have favoured roadside IEDs in the recent past.
March 26: A North Korean doctor was abducted in Tsafe, Zamfara. March 26: Boko Haram killed ten and lost two militants in Diffa, Niger. March 27: Kidnappers abducted a policeman and four others in Esan South, Edo; the policeman was later killed. March 27: Gunmen abducted the former Nigeria Bar Association Chairman in Jalingo, Taraba. March 27: Boko Haram killed one policeman and one civilian in Biu, Borno. March 27: Gunmen abducted four in Akwanga, Nassarawa. March 27: Sectarian violence led to three deaths in Omala, Kogi.
ISWAP claimed its assault on bases in the towns of Marte, Kirenowa and Dikwa killed 14 troops, but AFP could not independently verify the toll. The group also claimed to have destroyed six trucks and an armoured vehicle, and said its fighters made off with two vehicles and an “array of weapons and ammunition as spoils'.
Starvation with one meal per day have led many refugees with malnutrition situation, while potential insecurity in CBI implementation have worried refugees in the settlements. More specifically, harassment from the local motorcycle riders' association have time by time made refugee youth losing job opportunities since refugees' motor cycles are not registered.
March 28: Police killed five kidnappers in Ikwerre, Rivers. March 28: Boko Haram killed one in Chibok, Borno. March 29: The Multinational Joint Task Force  ( MNJTF )  killed five Boko Haram militants in Kukawa, Borno; another two militants were killed by a landmine planted by Boko Haram.
Through the setup of Flow Monitoring Points  ( FMPs ) , IOM seeks to quantify migration flows, trends and routes and to gain a better understanding of the profiles of observed individuals at entry, transit or exit points  ( such as border crossing posts, bus stations, rest areas, police checkpoints and reception centres ) . In Nigeria, FMPs were established in March 2017 in several important transit locations in Sokoto and Kano to track the movements of passenger buses to and from Niger. This dashboard is an overview of the data collected in these FMPs in February 2019.
Addressing the structural and underlying causes of the conflict such as under development and socio cultural and religious drivers of the crisis remains critical. As we enter the eleventh year of the conflict, youth unemployment and protection of civilians  ( GBV, abductions and killings )  need to be urgently addressed. There is lack of disaggregated sector analysis to support an effective analysis of humanitarian gaps in Yobe State. An estimated 96 per cent of IDPs are settled within the host community . This calls for community based programming which raises the amount of funding needed to address these needs.
It is now estimated that by 2018 Boko Haram had been linked to the deaths of over 37,000 people.
Malaria cases were reported to be on the increase due to lack of mosquito nets on beds and windows and poor shelter conditions associated with frequent exposure to mosquitoes in all locations. Children were commonly reported to have cough and fast breathing. This was attributed to exposure to wind and cold due to overcrowding, lack of clothing, blankets and sleeping on cold dusty uncovered cement floors. Many respondents reported the occurrence of fear and anxiety, poor sleep and recurrent flashes of conflicts scenes. High reported cases of vaginal discharge and itchy  ( candidiasis ) . There was however no report of outbreaks or non infectious risk at the locations visited
Fear of land mines deterred farmers going to farm in Banki, while in Monguno, due to porous entry and exit points in the camp, people were fearful of explosives going off during food distribution.  In Banki, as the school is located outside the camp, boys and girls are afraid of going to school, while others are concerned about their safety while in school. Some girls stopped going to school because the male monitors harassed them. Further, they felt at risk of rape due to lack of inner locks in the toilets.
New arrivals in Monguno, Bama, Pulka, and Banki, do not have places to sleep due to scarcity of land to set up shelters by humanitarian organizations and makeshift shelters by themselves.  In some camps, participants reported that there has been no shelter assistance especially shelter repair kit distribution for the past 3 years or since their return  Most of the requested items for shelters repairs included blocks, Zinc, timber, nails and cement by the participants.
There were 92 suspected cases of Lassa Fever  ( LF )  reported from 27 LGAs in 12 states and FCT  ( Edo – 45, Ondo – 20, Ebonyi – 5, Bauchi – 4, Nasarawa – 1, Plateau – 4, FCT – 1, Taraba – 1, Adamawa – 1, Zamfara – 2, Lagos – 1, Benue – 5, Akwa Ibom – 1 & Abia – 1 ) . There were four confirmed cases  ( Edo 2, Ondo 2 ) and one death  ( Edo )
ISWAP's leadership has changed in the intervening three years. In 2018 an internal dispute reportedly led it to execute Nur, and in March 2019, it announced that Abu Musab had been replaced by another  ( albeit unrelated )  al Barnawi, Abu Abdallah Shekau remains in control of a rump faction of Boko Haram that reassumed the group's original name, Jama'tu Ahlis Sunna Lidda'awati wal Jihad  ( JAS )
The main problems and challenges reported by Nigerian respondents en route to Europe were hunger and thirst. Other primary challenges reported included being robbed and detention .
here were 25 suspected cases of Cholera reported from seven LGAs in four states  ( Abia – 1, Adamawa – 7, Borno – 16, & Lagos – 1 ) . There were 7 laboratory confirmed cases and no death was recorded
Yet the two remain potent military forces. It is difficult to estimate the two factions' precise numbers. Each is made up of a mix of ideologically motivated combatants toting AK 47s, watchmen bearing locally produced hunting rifles, and captives acting as ammunition carriers or weapon servants. But the numbers remain significant. A Western security official estimated in February 2019 that ISWAP had 3,500  5,000 fighters and JAS 1,500 2,000.5 Moreover, ISWAP has been expanding its reach.
The main intended countries of final destination among Nigerian respondents were diverse, with Italy, Spain, Germany, the Netherlands, Greece, and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland being most commonly reported. The reasons for Nigerians to choose their intended destination country were also mixed between security  ( e.g. safety of the country ) , economic factors  ( e.g. availability of opportunities ) , or social factors  ( e.g. having social networks there ) .
In general, the first priorities for Nigerian respondents upon arrival to Europe were varied, but mainly included legal status, employment, or, family reunification. In line with these priorities, the main forms of support expected by Nigerians in Europe included receiving a legal status to stay in the country, social support, and support with family reunification. At the same time, the most common problems that respondents expected upon arrival to their destination country were deportation, detention, rejection of their asylum claim and inability to obtain legal permission to stay.
A decade of conflict hasseverely affected food production systems in northeastern Nigeria, with the worst affected states of Adamawa, Borno and Yobe experiencing high displacement, enormous human, social and economic losses and severe levels of food insecurity and malnutrition. The overall impact of the conflict on agriculture is estimated at USD 3.7 billion  ( World Bank and Buhari Plan ) .
In the state of Rivers, for example, military personnel blocked European Union and Nigerian civil society observers from entering collation centers. The military reportedly harassed INEC officials, and prevented election observers from observing the collation process. Civil society observers reported the hijacking of election materials, and incidents of abduction, assault, and harassment of election officials by persons in military uniform.
There were 384 suspected cases of measles reported from 137 LGAs in 30 states and FCT. None was laboratory confirmed and no death was recorded
Since the beginning of November, several regions of Nigeria have been affected by floods. According to the latest UN OCHA report, Borno and Adamawa states are currently facing the worst floods in seven years. In Borno, flooding and the overflow of Kaalia, has further disrupted access to food and services for more than 40,000 people in Rann, a remote town in Kala Balge LGA where high insecurity and poor road conditions are already hindering the provision of humanitarian assistance. In Adamawa, about 19,000 people have been displaced, and more than 100,000 individuals are affected by floods following an overflow of the Niger and Benue rivers.
There were 127 suspected cases of AFP reported from 112 LGAs in 27 states and FCT. None was laboratory confirmed and no death was recorded
An exhaustive nutrition screening using monitoring of symptoms of acute malnutrition mid upper arm circumference  ( MUAC )  and Oedema was conducted by Nutrition Sector partners for 510 children of 6 59 months. Of the 510 children screened, the MUAC reading was: 36 children  ( from inaccessible area )  were in the Red category, 157 were in the Yellow category and 317 were measured in the Green category. No case of Oedema was reported in the 7 LGAs.
The results also include 32 children from neighbouring Cameroon, Chad and Republic of Niger  ( 19 moved to Bama, 2 to Gwoza and 7 to Ngala ) . Out of the 32 children measured, none was in the red category, 28 were in the green category and 4 children were in the yellow category. All children found with severe acute malnutrition have been admitted for treatment. The data presented is not surveillance results and should be interpreted with caution.
The Secretary General strongly condemns the triple suicide attacks on 16 June in Konduga village, Borno State, north eastern Nigeria.
DTM Round 27 assessments were carried out from 25 March to 29 May 2019 in 107 LGAs including 795 wards in the conflictaffected north eastern Nigerian states of Adamawa, Bauchi, Borno, Gombe, Taraba and Yobe. As per the assessment, 1,980,036 individuals were recorded as being displaced in the affected states, a nominal increase of less than two per cent, or 31,687 individuals, from the number of IDPs recorded in the previous round of assessment conducted in January 2019.
> In April, at least 100 Christians were killed and hundreds of others injured in attacks led by the Fulani militia. According to a Human Rights group, 750 800 Christians were killed by jihadist groups in Nigeria in the first four months of 2019. As the attacks have spread further south, the massacres average at six to seven deaths each day, the report finds.
Shiyar Ra , Birnin Magaji and Lilo Village in Gummi and Gusau Local Government Areas  ( LGAs )  of Zamfara State have recorded the arrival of 6,419 displaced individuals  ( 1,126 households ) . 4,734 arrivals were recorded in Shiyar Ra community and 1,645 arrivals in Birnin Magaji, both in Gummi LGA with Lilo Village in Gusau LGA recording 40 arrivals. The movements were triggered by banditry attacks in the early hours of the morning on 17 and 18 November 2019 in Bantsa and Ra n Tsawo communities in Wonaka ward of Gusau LGA; Karaye and Gwali communities in Bardoki and Birnin Magaji wards of Gummi LGA.
ETT assessments identified the following movement triggers: conflict/attack  ( 74% ) , voluntary relocation  ( 13% ) , poor living conditions  ( 7% ) , improved security  ( 2% ) , flood  ( 1% ) , military operations  ( 1% ) , involuntary relocation  ( 0.9% )  and fear of attack  ( 0.4% ) .
Gubio: 3,702 departures were recorded in Gubio LGA of Borno state. These include 970 departures from Gubio I ward comprising of 24 to Auno Chabbol ward of Konduga LGA, 85 to Bolori I ward, 820 to Bolori II ward and 42 to Maisandari ward of Maiduguri Metropolitan Council. 2,732 departures from Gubio II ward which include 26 to Old Maiduguri and 2 to Gomari ward of Jere LGA, 3 to Hausari/Zango ward, 863 to Bolori I ward, 1,771 to Bolori II ward, 20 to Maisandari ward, and 8 to Bulabulin ward of Maiduguri Metropolitan Council . All the departures were due to the ongoing conflict.
The June 2019 Cadre Harmonisé update confirms the persistence of food and nutrition insecurity across Borno, Adamawa and Yobe states, which together represent 2.9 million people facing food and nutrition insecurity. WFP consulted with the Government, food security partners and key stakeholders to review and adjust the immediate and mid term response. In the short term, WFP will scale up assistance in six Local Government Areas  ( LGAs )  in Borno State for the lean season.
During the reporting period, the number of damaged shelters due to torrential rainfalls increased from 13,181 to 15,581 after repairs/rehabilitations were made on 6,922 shelters by partners while Non Food Items  ( NFIs )  gaps peaked at 61,644 households in need of NFIs. Furthermore, there is a significant gap in WASH where 4,008 latrines are currently non functional hence need to be repaired, 2,655 latrines are filled and need to be dislodged while 1,986 showers need to be repaired.
It has forced the herdsmen to migrate southwards, triggering disputes with farmers. It has also been observed that religion has played a part in the conflict between the herdsmen and the farmers, as the former are predominantly Muslim, whilst the latter are Christian. Significant challenges facing Nigeria pertain to ongoing conflicts, and are exacerbated by poverty, climate change and underdevelopment.
IOM manages the Displacement Tracking Matrix  ( DTM )  in Nigeria and other countries around the world, to support humanitarian communities with data on displacement and mobility. This information management product determines the status, locations, and needs of people affected by the ongoing conflict in Northeast Nigeria. As of 29 May 2019, the DTM has identified 1,980,036 IDPs  ( 392,019 households )  across Adamawa, Bauchi, Borno, Gombe, Taraba, and Yobe States. This represents an increase by two per cent  ( 31,687 persons over the previous round while the number of returns from neighbouring regions into situations of secondary displacement have also been on the increase.
The cult killings seem to continue unabated. As recent as June 12, 2019, at least five persons were killed in another spate of cult violence.
Gwoza LGA had the greatest proportion of households categorized with “high' or “very high' needs  ( 39% ) , compared to other East Borno LGAs, due in large part to unmet shelter/NFI  ( 84% ) , livelihoods  ( 71% ) , food security  ( 63% ) , protection  ( 38% ) , WASH  ( 16% ) , and nutrition  ( 15% )  needs. Much of these needs are due to recent influxes of IDPs and returnees to Gwoza and Pulka towns since the beginning of 2018, making it difficult for humanitarian actors to keep up with meeting basic needs . More than half of households reported insecurity as a barrier to accessing agricultural land  ( 57% ) , highlighting how insecurity in the area is contributing to poor livelihoods.
Clashes on 26 December 2018 between Nigerian government forces and NSGAs in Baga town generated the massive displacement, with most women, men and children converging on already congested camps or sites for IDPs in Maiduguri or Monguno town.
Inaccessible LGAs or districts included Kukawa, Kala/ Balge and Guzamala which were hosting a combined IDP population of 91,755 according to the Round 25 assessment. Because of the impossibility of conducting assessments in these areas during Round 26, no IDPs were reported during this assessment.
In the last few years, the recurrent conflict between herders  ( primarily Fulani )  and farmers have witnessed a steady deterioration in the northwest and northcentral regions of Nigeria and this precarious situation is fueled by the drought in the Sahel, which continues to push herders further to the South to compete for limited grazing and farmland areas and this is compounded by the growing farmer population. According to IOM's Displacement Tracking Matrix  ( DTM ) , there are over 160,000 internally displaced persons  ( IDPs )  in the northwest states of Zamfara, Sokoto and Katsina.
On September 11, the Presidential Elections Tribunal rejected Atiku Abubakar's petition, saying that he had failed to provide sufficient proof of fraud. Atiku Abubakar's next step is to appeal to the Supreme Court. Defeated presidential candidates in the past have appealed to the Supreme Court, as they are entitled to do, but none have ever had an election overturned.
September 21: Cultists killed four in Ikorodu, Lagos. September 21: Gunmen killed two in Obio/Akpor, Rivers. September 21: Gunmen kidnapped seven in Chikun, Kaduna.