nlp-thedeep/humsetbias huggingface dataset:
The Speaker of the House of Representatives in Tobruk and Libya's eastern forces “supreme commander' Aqila Saleh declared a state of general mobilization in the country late on Sunday.
The number of deaths and injuries has not been reported in today's heavy fighting yet.
A local figure in Gharyan, Adel Duab, who was the one who allowed Haftar's forces to take Ghiryan city under their control, has been killed, according to local and military sources, while the commander of Haftar's operations room Abdelsalam Al Hassi, has fled Gharyan to an unknown place.
Trade was deeply impacted by the conflict, especially in Al Aziziya, Swani bin Adam and Wadi Rabia. In these baladiyas, only 0 25% of the usual local traders were reportedly operating during the period of data collection.
Meanwhile, residents of affected baladiyas who chose to remain mostly did so to protect their assets, or because they reportedly had no family or friends outside the conflict affected area with whom they could stay. • Local authorities and community groups in Tajoura, Ain Zara, and Al Aziziya, among other areas, had repurposed community buildings as collective shelters to house about 1,500 incoming IDPs.8 However, not all of these collective shelters were located in safe locations; on 11 April, 167 IDPs had to be evacuated from the Al Asma school in Ain Zara due to shifting frontlines.9 • Further displacement was expected from all five assessed baladiyas due to fears that the current clashes would continue or intensify.
Migrant KIs reported decreased access to healthcare in many areas, due to heavy fighting, restrictions on movement, and the closure of local private health facilities, which are the type of facility most commonly accessed by non Libyans.
KIs in Swani bin Adam and Al Aziziya reported particular concern about robberies and kidnapping in their areas, signalling a general breakdown of order in conflict affected baladiyas. According to these KIs, houses of displaced families were often looted and on occasion targeted for destruction based on the presumed political affiliations of their owners. Dynamics such as these were likely to encourage residents of frontline areas to remain in place to protect their assets, exposing them to further risk.
Across all assessed baladiyas, the top reported need for non displaced Libyans was safety and security. In particular, KIs highlighted the need for a secure humanitarian corridor to allow people to leave frontline areas, or at minimum to be able to transit in and out of conflictaffected baladiyas to access markets.
KIs in Ain Zara, Al Aziziya, and Swani bin Adam reported that some residents of their baladiyas had been injured or killed by explosive hazards in the 7 days prior to data collection.
Violent clashes have erupted on all hot fighting frontlines in southern Tripoli and in and around Ghiryan city as the Libyan Army Forces and forces under the Government of National Accord's  ( GNA )  command launched an all out offensive on the positions of Khalifa Haftar's forces.
Currently there are 3,886 detained refugees and migrants who are exposed to or at risk of clashes in eight detention centres in the Tripoli area. Based on their experience form previous conflicts, refugees and migrants in Libya are worried that they will be forced to take a role in supporting the militias during the conflict. Protection actors reported that refugees and migrants have been used to provide logistic support to the militias in two detention centres such as cleaning military vehicles and uploading and stocking weapons
Of particular concern is the use of civilian sites and infrastructure, such as the IDP camp in Al Fallah as a base from which to launch attacks, which constitutes a violation of IHL as it places civilians at greater risk through the loss of the perceived civilian characterization of the site, and by creating a condition where civilians could be targeted. By bringing the hostilities closer to them and turn these civilian sites and facilities into a legitimate military target. Due to the insecurity, many international organisations have scaled down or suspended their activities or staff movements in Tripoli due to concerns over staff safety and relocated the majority of their international staff outside of Libya, thus hampering their capacity to provide lifesaving and essential services to the affected population.
Due to the attack on the MMRP facility in Jabal alHasawna on 19 May as well as electricity cuts, irregular water supply was observed across various areas in Tripoli during the reporting period. Disruption to solid waste management also poses a growing health risk.
Thousands of families  ( Libyans and non Libyans )  remain trapped in conflict affected areas without access to a safety as calls for a ceasefire and the establishment of humanitarian corridors to facilitate the evacuation of civilians have not been respected
The reported attack by armed men on asylum seekers and migrants in a detention center on April 23, 2019 highlights the growing risk to thousands of detainees during ongoing fighting in Tripoli, Human Rights Watch said today.
Migrants and refugees who have been displaced by the conflict are prevented from accessing collective shelters and are therefore cut off from access to safety and essential services   General lawlessness including looting, carjacking, kidnapping and petty crime activities have been reported in conflict affected areas;
Detainees are held indefinitely, without judicial review, and exposed to the serious risk of abuse, including torture, deprivation of food and medical care, forced labor, extortion, and sexual violence.
Health personnel and facilities continue to be impacted by the armed conflict, in violation of International Humanitarian Law  ( IHL ) . Two health workers were killed and three others injured on 23 May when two clearly marked armoured ambulance vehicles were struck in the Triq Al Matar area of Tripoli. One ambulance was struck, immediately killing a doctor on board. A second ambulance, dispatched to recover casualties from the first attach, was subsequently also struck by shelling, killing one paramedic and injuring two others and a doctor on board. To date, 6 health workers have been killed.
Conditions in two detention centers in Libyaare medically catastrophic and consistent with reports that at least 22 people have died since September from suspected tuberculosis and other diseases, the international medical humanitarian organization Doctors Without Borders/Médecins Sans Frontières  ( MSF )  said today, after gaining access to the centers in recent weeks.
A group of 131 refugees were evacuated last night out of Libya to the Emergency Transit Mechanism  ( ETM )  in Niger, run by UNHCR, the UN Refugee Agency. The evacuees were from Eritrea, Somalia and Sudan, and included 65 children under the age of eighteen. Some of the group were previously held in detention centres for more than a year.
Thousands of civilians, refugees and migrants remain trapped in conflict affected areas, unable to flee either because of fighting or detention. Under IHL, all parties must take constant care to spare civilians, including civilians who are on the move, and persons deprived of their liberty.
Since November 2017, UNHCR supported 4,370 has refugees and asylumseekers with solutions out of Libya, including 2,913 to the ETM Niger, 710 to Italy, 364 to the Emergency Transit Centre in Romania and 383 to other countries.
Among the 663,000 refugees and migrants estimated to be in Libya in 2018, 115,000  ( 17% )  originate from East African countries, namely Somalia, Ethiopia, Sudan  ( including Darfur and South Sudan )  and Eritrea. Refugees and migrants from East Africa have distinct migratory profiles in Libya, as they mostly come to the country with the intention to transit further towards Europe and move through Libya in closed smuggling networks. They are also among those refugees and migrants in Libya who can register as populations of concern with the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees  ( UNHCR )
Some 24,400 individuals have been displaced since the onset of fighting as per DTM. This represents a 12  fold increase only in the last nine days, from 7 April to 16 April. Insufficient service availability of electricity, water and telecommunications in south Tripoli may trigger further displacement.
Participants reported that the limited provision of drinking water was also due to the insufficient availability of WASH facilities, and subsequent need to limit their use. Interviewed refugees and migrants from Eritrea and Ethiopia appeared to be especially traumatized by the risk of dying because of easily treatable diseases, poor hygienic conditions or lack of access to medicines, reported by six Eritrean and five Ethiopian respondent
Since the beginning of the conflict on 04 April, 40 civilian deaths, including children, in addition to 146 wounded civilians, have been reported. Approximately 82,300 people have been forced to flee their homes in Tripoli.
48% of respondents indicate having more issues than usual to access cash. Access to cash is particularly diffi cult in Ain Zara where all respondents report more issues than usual. In Hai Alandalus, 71% of respondents also report issues in getting cash. Displaced families are also more likely to be affected by liquidity issues due to additional difficulties in withdrawing money in bank branch that they are not registered in.
Non displaced Libyan women face greater obstacles in their movement due to increased fear of kidnapping while the recently displaced Libyan women cannot move freely due to ongoing fighting and fear of robbery. On the other hand, the main movement risks non Libyan women face are: risk of ongoing fighting and road blockages.
Since 1 September 2017, 2,226 individuals have been submitted for resettlement to 11 resettlement States  ( Belgium, Canada, Finland, France, Germany, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom and the United States ) . A total of 1,429 individuals have departed on resettlement from Niger to Belgium, Canada, Finland, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States.
“Over the past nine months, 22 people have died from suspected tuberculosis and other diseases in two detention centers south of Tripoli.' MSF added.
The attack was also supported by air strikes. Equally, it now seems that the heavy attack and focus by the Tripoli forces on the disused Tripoli International Airport may have been a decoy attack.
'As a result of conditions in the detention centers, an average of two to three people have died there each month since September 2018,' it added.
Malek Mersek, a spokesman for a state emergency medical services, said 40 people had been killed and 80 wounded in the strike on the detention centre in the Tajoura suburb located next to a military camp.
Heavy rains caused flooding and damage in several locations in Ghat municipality from 28 May to 5 June. Over 20,000 persons have been affected and about 2,500 are currently displaced to nearby areas. • Four people died, including three children, and about 30 suffered minor injuries.
An agreement was reached between the Tripoli based Ministry of Health and the Jordanian Al Hussein Cancer Center, which provides for the standardization of medicines, entry, medical and clinical billing between Jordanian and Libyan citizens, Tripoli's Ministry of Health reported last Thurday.
In Numbers 820,000 people in need of humanitarian assistance 298,000 people in need of food assistance
Over 20,000 persons have been affected and about 4,250 are currently displaced; of those, 1,200 are hosted in five collective shelters habilitated by the authorities. • Four people died, including three children, and about 30 suffered minor injuries.
The military encirclement of Derna continues since July 2017. More than 100,000 civilians including IDPs, returnees and host communities remain trapped in the city and face increasingly deteriorating humanitarian conditions and protection concerns.
Violent clashes erupted in Tripoli on January 15th, as armed brigades attacked Mitiga prison inside Mitiga Airport in Suq Aljumaa area. All schools in the area were closed for one week, the roads surrounding the fights in the Beach Road, Suq Alumaa and Bab Tajoura areas were shut down. Heavy weapons were heard in the area of clashes, some families were trapped inside the fight zone. The Airport of Mitiga was closed for one week.
Libya has experienced several waves of armed conflict and displacement movements since the 2011 Revolution between forces loyal to Colonel Muammar Gaddafi and those seeking to overthrow his Government. Libya has since suffered from political instability and clashes between rival armed groups, which escalated in 2014, triggering armed conflicts in Benghazi, Tripoli, Misrata and other cities, and causing widespread destruction of property, civilian deaths and massive displacement. An estimated 400,000 people  ( equivalent to 6 to 7% of the population of Libya )  became internally displaced as a result of the nationwide renewed conflict from 2014 onwards and many still suffer the effects of this displacement.
The protection activities of the international community have been conducted remotely from Tunis since 2015, thus complicating the operations, the engagement with the communities, engagement with local authorities, and the collection of more comprehensive information on the protection and legal issues around displacement and return. Operating in Libya remains hazardous and unpredictable. This is due to multiple factors, such as presence of mines and explosive devices, threats of abduction and kidnapping of international personnel, proliferation of armed groups with no clear chain of command, and continued conflict and violence
Populations affected by the conflict struggle to access safe water for drinking and to meet basic hygiene and sanitation needs
Since the last update of the IOM Libya Displacement Tracking Matrix  ( DTM )  on 11 June, the security situation in conflict affected areas in south Tripoli reportedly remained volatile. DTM identified an additional 2,190 displaced families  ( approximately 10,950 individuals )  since the previous report, bringing the total number of internally displaced persons to at least 20,975 families  ( approximately 104,875 individuals )  who have been forced to leave their homes due to armed conflict since the start of hostilities on 04 April 2019.
Libya condemned an offensive in April by the forces of the Libyan National Army to seize control of Tripoli as an “aggression'. This resulted in 106 deaths, destruction of infrastructure in the capital, including a major airport, and the displacement of a significant number of people.
Starting on 04 April 2019, as a result of rapid military advances from the South of Libya, Tripoli's southern suburbs experienced high levels of conflict. The deteriorating security situation has displaced over 78,225 people as of 19 May  ( IOM DTM )  and damaged public infrastructures, including water supply and electricity lines. 126 civilian casualties, including 29 civilian deaths have been confirmed. 3,371 migrants remain in detention centres in Tripoli and nearby areas  ( OCHA ) .
91% of respondents have no issue in accessing local markets but in Ain Zara, 25% of the respondents indicate it's too dangerous to go to the market – the situation varies within Ain Zara as the municipality is large and some parts are directly affected by the clashes. In particular, in Khallat al Furjan neighbourhood  ( Ain Zara )  and Swani Bin Adam municipality, all markets were reported to be closed during the first weeks of May  ( IOM DTM ) .
During data collection, only 45% of respondents with children report sending their children to school. In Ain Zara, none of the 5 respondents with children are sending them to school, either because they are closed  ( 3 respondents )  or because they consider it too dangerous  ( 2 respondents ) . In each municipality, some schools were reported as closed  ( sometimes used as collective shelters for displaced families ) .
27% of respondents expressed an intention to move from their home if conflict continues. This percentage is higher in Suq Aljumaa  ( 45% )  and Tripoli centre  ( 44% ) . However, respondents indicated that they don't necessarily have a safe place to move to. As reported by IOM, most of the displaced people come from areas close to the clashes in Southern Tripoli  ( Ain Zara, Qasr Ben Gashir ) . In eastern Tripoli, Tajoura respondents also indicate that many households have left their homes. The majority of IDP families are currently staying in private accommodation  ( IOM DTM ) . VAM respondents indicate that they are mostly hosted by family or friends, but community shelters and rented accommodations were also mentioned. 2,700 IDPs are hosted in 29 collective shelters  ( OCHA ) .
Approximately 41,000 IDPs are in need of emergency WASH assistance. Due to the attack on the MMRP facility in Jabal alHasawna on 19 May as well as electricity cuts, irregular water supply was observed across various areas in Tripoli during the reporting period. Disruption to solid waste management also poses a growing health risk.
Despite the United Nations calls for an extendable humanitarian truce during the holy month of Ramadan, military advances between the Libyan National Army  ( LNA )  and the Government of National Accord  ( GNA )  affiliated armed groups continued in the Western Libya between 13 19 May 2019.Since the beginning of the conflict on the 04 April, artillery shelling and aerial bombing by both parties to the conflict have been sustained. 29 civilian deaths including at least six children in addition to 126 wounded civilians have been reported. 1 Approximately 75,000 people have been forced to flee their homes in Tripoli, despite a 23 percent decrease in displacement this week compared to the previous week  ( 06 12 May ) .
Migrant women and children trapped in the battle for control of Libya's capital are being turned away from shelters, exposing them to airstrikes and sexual abuse, aid agencies said on Friday.About 140,000 migrants and refugees were estimated to live in Tripoli before heavy fighting broke out last month between opposition troops and the United Nations backed government's forces, said the International Rescue Committee  ( IRC ) .
On Libya, the UN continues to be extremely concerned about the mounting impact of the fighting on civilians in and around Tripoli. There were again reports of casualties from the fighting in Tripoli over the weekend. Today, in Brussels, the Special Representative of the Secretary General, Ghassan Salamé, briefed the European Union Foreign Affairs Council on the situation in Libya and also met the Secretary General of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization  ( NATO )  and the German Minister for Foreign Affairs
Mr. Salamé stressed that more than a month after the outbreak of fighting, it is becoming clear to everyone that a military solution cannot replace a political solution, and that it is high time now to return to the negotiating table. Our colleagues on the ground say the humanitarian impact of clashes in and around Tripoli continues to deepen. The UN's migration agency says nearly 67,000 people have now been driven from their homes, while an estimated 100,000 more people are thought to remain in front‑line areas.
 An airstrike on the night of 7 8 May injures two persons inside the Tajoura detention centre; UNHCR reiterates calls for the immediate evacuation of refugees and migrants detained in conflict areas.  The humanitarian impact of Tripoli clashes is felt in the south of Libya, as supplies of essential goods such as food and fuel are disrupted, exacerbating already existing scarcities.
Earlier, forces loyal to Khalifa Haftar said they had destroyed a Turkish drone parked at Tripoli's only working airport “Mitiga Airport', halting civilian flights as tensions between Ankara and the eastern administration mounted.
In 2011 the first civil war broke out in Libya and, with it, many of the estimated 1.3  1.8 million refugees and migrants left the country, primarily fleeing to neighbouring countries or back to their countries of origin.35 As of December 2011, 800,000 refugee and migrant workers had left Libya. Refugees and migrants working in Libya at the time left the country in different ways. A relative majority fled to Tunisia  ( 350,000 ) , with others fleeing to Egypt  ( 263,500 ) , Nigeria  ( 85,000 )  and Chad  ( 57,000 ) . An approximate 160,000 migrants were evacuated and flown to their countries of origin by IOM; 37 others, an unknown number were repatriated directly by their home governments or employers.
Following the commencement of hostilities in 2014, hundreds of thousands of Libya's were forced to flee their homes. The financial burden which each family faced was enormous, especially given how so many were cut off from their prior livelihoods. They soon faced high rents amidst increasing competition for shelter, with many turning to unsuitable or unsafe housing. With a limited budget, many vulnerable families live in incomplete houses ridden with humidity, which are often dangerous to live in. Houses donated by well meaning individuals or charities often lack paint, doors or windows and thus can present protection risks to those who reside within.
Medical teams are working relentlessly to evacuate and care for people wounded in the conflict. Yet health care infrastructure continues to be affected by the fighting, with eleven ambulances being damaged since the onset of fighting.
For the second night in a row, relative calm has prevailed, with the exception of airstrikes against military positions in Wadi Al Rabi and artillery/shelling reported overnight 22 23 April in the vicinity of Tripoli International Airport and Ain Zara. This is likely to be due to prevailing weather conditions. • At least 90 civilian casualties, including 21 fatalities, have been verified since the beginning of the conflict.1 These casualties include medical personnel, women and children, and at least one foreign national.
1. Over 40,000 individuals have been displaced by conflict, according to latest DTM IOM data. 2. Areas south of Ain Zara, Khala, Azizya, Qasr Bin Ghasheer, Wadi Rabiya'a and Swani are largely inaccessible to humanitarian actors due to fighting. The humanitarian community continues to call for a humanitarian truce and a humanitarian corridor so that humanitarian actors can reach those in need of aid and evacuation.
IOM's Displacement Tracking Matrix has tracked 301,407 internally displaced persons  ( IDPs )  as of July 2019, of which 93 percent were displaced due to deterioration of security8 . The situation of Libyans is also of serious concern.
By 26 April, the academic school year remains suspended in conflict affected areas, impacting some 122,088 children in nine municipalities near Tripoli.Many schools in other parts of Tripoli have been closed because teachers are not able to report to work or parents are reluctant to send their children to school, fearing their safety.
An estimated 1.5 million people in Western Libya, including 500,000 children, have been affected by the ongoing conflict. 345 casualties and 1,652 injuries, including 22 civilian casualties and 74 civilian injuries have been reported thus far. Approximately 40,000 people have been forced to flee from their homes in Tripoli. Insufficient availability of electricity, disruptions in water supply and increased food prices have increased vulnerabilities and may result in increased displacement. Collective centres have been established by the Government led Tripoli crisis committee to host Internally Displaced Persons  ( IDPs )  fleeing violence and conflict.
There is a breakdown of the waste management systems which, in addition to the electricity cuts, could have severe impacts on access and availability of clean water. Tripoli's healthcare system has been heavily disrupted by the ongoing clashes: many health facilities in Tripoli are understaffed and overwhelmed.
Reports of indiscriminate airstrikes and rocket/shelling attacks again impacting civilian areas, resulting in at least one reported civilian casualty and damages to civilian homes, on the overnight of 29 30 remain under verification at the time of reporting. Since the beginning of the conflict at least 96 civilian casualties, including 22 fatalities have been verified. 1 These casualties include five medical personnel, at least four children, and at least three foreign nationals  ( refugees/migrants ) . According to Health Sector partners, one child was killed and three children injured in airstrikes during the past four days.
The security situation in Libya's capital of Tripoli remained volatile during the first quarter of 2019 with armed clashes reported between different armed factions in Tripoli on 17 March 2019.
Military engagement and a lack of safety guarantees continue to impede humanitarian access.Humanitarian needs in Libya are rapidly increasing, while funding levels remain low. Through the Tripoli Flash Appeal, the humanitarian community urgently calls for $10.2m to continue its work in helping conflict affected people in Libya
About 32 400 individuals have been displaced since the conflict started. The majority of displaced people are staying with families and in private accommodation; over 2 250 are currently sheltered in 16 collective centres set up by local authorities. 89 civilian casualties, including 20 fatalities, have been verified since the beginning of the conflict; this includes the death of two children on 19 April. While already facing dire conditions, the ongoing fighting puts refugees and migrants detained in or near the conflict areas at serious risk.
Migrants and asylum seekers face multiple violations of their basic rights, including movement restrictions, high levels of gender based violence, systematic and arbitrary detention with inhumane conditions, unlawful killings, disappearances, kidnapping, extortion and robbery.Children on the move have very limited access to or are out of schools and are discriminated against in regard to access to essential healthcare services. Reports also indicate that migrants at times lack access to adequate quality and quantities of food.
While national levels of food insecurity have remained relatively low, the situation varies significantly between mantikas, as highlighted in Figure 4. Based on the Food Security Index, which takes into account Food Consumption Score, food expenditure share and the use of livelihoods coping strategies, 68 percent of households in Al Kufra are food insecure and relatively high rates  ( 30 percent of the population or over )  were also recorded in Aljufra, Murzuq and Zwara.
An airstrike hit the center on July 03, killing more than 50 people and injuring over 130 others.
The GNA foreign ministry said on Facebook that a “liaison commission' had been set up by its embassy in Tunis to discuss the fate of the plane.
At the same time, displacement numbers of those who are able to escape continue to increase. Since the onset of armed conflict, as per DTM data, at least 9,500 individuals were forced to flee their homes, including some 3,500 individuals who were displaced in the last 24 hours.
9 in 10 families who requested their evacuation from conflictaffected areas could not be evacuated to comparatively safer areas, due to ongoing hostilities and access blockages.
There is an estimated 300 internally displaced families  ( IDPs1  )  from Tawargha are currently staying in very vulnerable conditions that are far below the minimum standards. According to the field missions which have been conducted UNHCR protection team, the IDPs live in the open unprotected from the elements  ( very difficult weather conditions )  and with very limited availability of basic services available in an area called Qararat al Qataf , some 40 km from Tawargha city, and in an area called Harawa  ( 20 HHs ) , 280 Km from Tawargha.
The indiscriminate attacks, shelling and usage of medium and heavy weapons in populated areas continued and resulted in the loss of many of civilian;   Majority of the newly displaced families are hosted by friends, families and relatives; while approximately 200 families took shelter in 5 schools across Tripoli.
The humanitarian community remains severely concerned for the safety and security of civilians stuck in conflictaffected areas in the outskirts of Tripoli. Requests for evacuations to safer areas in Tripoli of at least 3,250 people could not be answered to date.
In conflict affected areas, there are reports that banks, markets and roads are closed. The fighting also affected the electricity and water networks and limited caused access to food, health and other basic services;   Flights in and out of Mitiga Airport were suspended on the evening of August 31, 2018, and the airport has not been reopened to date.
Several locations of Ain Zara are directly affected by the ongoing armed conflict and several others are in proximity to the clashes. In this context, migrants in central parts of Ain Zara were reported to be unable to safely frequent the work recruitment points. No work opportunities for migrants were reported in or around the city center.
The escalating violence since 4 April has forced more than 100,000 civilians to flee from their homes and knocked out the electricity supply for long periods each day – impacting health care and other basic services in many parts of the city. Rocket and artillery strikes often hit civilian areas far from the frontline and frequently disrupt flights into Tripoli's only functioning airport.
Since the onset of armed conflict, as per DTM data, at least 9,500 individuals were forced to leave their homes. This includes the displacement movement of some 3,500 additional individuals in the last 24 hours. While displacement numbers had been significantly but steadily increasing over the past couple of days at a rate of 33 per cent, todays displacement numbers represent a 60 per cent increase in comparison to the previous day.
Latest records show that the unemployment rate had steadily decreased, from 19 percent in 2012 to 17.7 percent in 2017. Further to the economic situation in Libya, the socioeconomic backgrounds of migrants play a role in their situation in the host country
The academic school year remains suspended in conflict affected areas, directly impacting education of some 122,088 children in nine municipalities near Tripoli, 5 with more schools in other parts of Tripoli and the Western Libya closed or operating with restricted capacity. If the situation permits, schools in conflict affected areas would re open on 09 June.
High reliance on smugglers heightens refugees and migrants' risk of exploitation and abuse, limits their ability to access humanitarian assistance and heightens the risk of trafficking. Among East African refugees and migrants interviewed in December 2018, none had been able to receive humanitarian assistance while in Libya.
Benghazi: An estimated 700 migrants reportedly arrived in Benghazi looking for work opportunities, mostly in the construction sector.
Ashshwayrif; An estimated 140 migrants reportedly arrived in Ashshwayrif from Southern Libya and are planning to continue their journey to other destinations according to field observers.
Protracted conflict, political instability, deteriorating public services and the dysfunctional economy have affected nearly 1.6 million Libyans,1 with an estimated 823,000 people, including 241,000 girls and boys in need of humanitarian assistance.
Health workers in Tripoli are paying a heavy price. The Surveillance System of Attacks on Healthcare  ( SSA )  has registered a total of 37 attacks since the onset of hostilities in early April. 19 ambulances have been struck, 11 health workers killed and 33 others wounded, while five health facilities have been hit by airstrikes or shelling.
Janzuor: An estimated 85 migrants were reported to have arrived in Janzour from unstable neighbouring municipalities and were reportedly looking for job opportunities.
Qasr akhyar: An estimated 500 migrants were reported to have arrived to Qasr Akhyar from municipalities in proximity of the conflict in South Tripoli; some were reportedly looking for work while others were planning to continue their journey to other destinations.
50 civilian casualties confirmed, including 14 civilian deaths.
The security situation Libya has remained volatile over the course of 2018, illustrated by the re emergence of localised fighting, such as the resumption of violent clashes in Tripoli between August and September 2018. Protection risks which refugees and migrants may face in Libya include ‘unlawful killings, torture, arbitrary detention, gang rape, slavery, forced labour and extortion.
On April 4, 2019, LNA forces advanced to within 30 to 40 kilometers of Tripoli in a move to take the capital, according to news reports, after strengthening Hiftar's influence in southern Libya. The western part of the country, including Tripoli, remains dominated by the GNA or militias affiliated with it.
While research suggests that Libya still receives neW refugees and migrants along its southern borders, the profiles of most recent arrivals and their decision making process on coming to Libya remain underexplored. Such information is crucial for humanitarian actors in country to tailor their support accordingly.
Sebha: An estimated 125 individuals were reported to have been displaced to Sebha from Ghat due to heavy rain and floods in May; reported priority needs included food ad NFIs. .
As of 28 June, around 3,819 migrants were held in DCIM detention centers located near conflict affected areas and are among the most vulnerable populations at risk. On 02 July, an airstrike hit Tajoura Detention Center; according to initial information from health sector partners and UNOCHA, the incident led to the death of at least 53 migrants and injuries of more than 130 migrants.
The people killed in Thursday's afternoon blast included two civilians and two soldiers, while soldiers, police, and civilians were among the injured, local medical sources reported.
Sawani district saw also violent clashes as Haftar's forces were in control of it but later the Mobile National Force and Fursan Janzour Brigade of the Presidential Council's forces seized it and destroyed several armored vehicles for Haftar's forces.Haftar's forces later shelled residential areas and houses of civilians in Sawani, killing several of them and leaving huge damage in properties.Meanwhile, the spokesman for Haftar's forces, Ahmed Al Mismari, said their military prosecutor issued arrest warrants of the Head and members of the Presidential Council, Libya's Muft Al Sadiq Al Gharyani, and other civilian and military figures for terrorism charges
Warlord Khalifa Haftar's air force conducted an airstrike on a school in Ein Zara. Fortunately, it's a day off.   Warlord Khalifa Haftar's air force conducted an airstrike on Rahba camp in Tajoura district of Tripoli.   Sirte Protection Force seizes 8 trucks full of food, fuel and ammunition while en route from Jufra town in central Libya to Gharyan city in the west.   Unknown gunmen open fire at a police checkpoint in Tajoura district of Tripoli killing one police officer and wounding three others.
Tazirbu: Approximately 410 migrants were reported to have arrived to Tazirbu, and were reported to be planning to continue their journey to other destinations.
The main reasons for the perceptions of lack of safety were active fighting/presence of militia  ( 68% ) , risk of shelling, rockets or bombs  ( 63% ) , and risk of robbery and theft  ( 41% ) . These top 3 risks were shared by both Libyan and non Libyan KIs. Both population groups mentioned that women and children are unsafe.
Displaced persons in collective centres and urban settings lack essential household nonfood items such as blankets, sleeping mats and cooking wares.
Thirty three percent of respondents indicated that the current location is very unsafe due to risk of shelling and rocket, active fighting and presence of militia, and risk of abduction, extortion and harassment. The main protection incidents reported for the newly displaced group was physical violence  ( 8 ) , forced, denial and restriction of movement  ( 8 )  deprivation of life  ( 7 ) , denial of liberty  ( 7 ) , and denial of land and property  ( 5 ) . The priority needs reported by newly displaced IDP KIs was 1 )  food, 2 )  cash and 3 )  health services; 44% of key informants indicated that newly displaced lack of access to assistance.
The web survey ran inside Libya from January to May 2019, capturing responses from 2,545 migrants which included 827 West Africans, 442 East Africans, 526 North Africans, 507 Middle Easterners and 243 South and Southeast Asians. 7
Libyan  ( 10 )  and non Libyan women  ( 14 )  share the same main concern in their decisionmaking to flee, that being lack of safe routes. However, for non Libyan women key informants, shelter is a higher need and concern than for Libyan women informants. Even when provided with safe routes and shelter, nonLibyan male and female face another challenge: the lack of transportation. According to the findings, only 10% of the interviewed key informants state that Libyans face challenges with transportation to safety while 31% of nonLibyans face the same challenge. Also, Eastern African non Libyan women are facing increased fear of harassment as they try to seek shelter and safety  ( 5 ) . Generally, both Libyan and non Libyan females fear harassment with 50% more than male Libyan and non Libyan do.
As a result of clashes and security checkpoints, migrants, in particular, reportedly faced restrictions on their access to healthcare due to the fear of being arrested or abused.
The Fizzan Rage Movement in southern Libya has announced that its protesters have shut down Libya's largest oilfield “Sharara' and will shut down Al Feel oilfield afterwards.
Libyan authorities have shown an openness to release people from official detention centers, in the wake of a deadly attack on the Tajoura detention center earlier in July. The outgoing EU high representative for foreign affairs, Federica Mogherini, said on July 10 that, “Libya's current system of detaining migrants has to end.' Citing “ghastly conditions' in detention centers, on June 7, the United Nations high commissioner for human rights appealed to Libyan authorities and the international community to ensure that all migrants and asylum seekers detained in centers in Tripoli are “immediately released.'
Airstrikes hit the Tajoura Detention Center which held nearly 600 refugees and migrants on May 7, injuring two people and damaging the center. Unidentified actors used violence against detainees at the Qasr Ben Ghashir Detention Center on April 23, resulting in 12 civilian injuries.
Majority of foreign workers left Libya after the 2011 revolution and 2014 civil war, however, nearly 700,000 migrants are currently present in Libya. 2 Despite the decrease in migrants crossing the Mediterranean Sea to Italy3 , there are still important flows of migrants coming to Libya, mainly by land through Niger, Egypt and Chad4 . Following the most recent spike in conflict  ( April 2019 ) , to control the capital city of Tripoli, migrants close to the conflict zones were the most affected as they faced additional difficulties in finding safe shelters and food.
Insecurity was reported as the second greatest concern for healthcare access, notably in DCU 1 and DCU 2, according to MFGD participants. This category of concerns encompasses a lack of security on the roads used to travel to medical facilities; this is particularly problematic in Azzawya, as results from the 2018 MSNA show that 34% of the city's households reported having to drive for more than 30 minutes to seek medical attention, as compared to 13% at a national level.
According to KIs, migrants' access to quality healthcare was first and foremost reportedly hindered by the inability to afford good quality healthcare, followed by a lack of information and non administrative access restrictions such as linguistic barriers, heightened economic vulnerability, and discrimination, to which non Libyans are more exposed.
Hundreds of migrants and asylum seekers were intercepted by the Libyan Coast guard in recent weeks. Some are now being freed and others are being handed over to detention centres, we know at least 3 cases.
“We know that inside these detention centers there's insufficient food, water, often unsanitary conditions, there have been widespread reports of human rights violations taking place,' he said.
The physical safety of civilians is being increasingly threatened by indiscriminate attacks as fighting spills into different neighbourhoods of Tripoli. Non Libyan key informants were significantly more likely to report that their locations were safe or very unsafe. However, overall 58% of key informants  ( 69% of Libyan KIs and 49% of nonLibyan KIs )  reported that their current locations were safe.
At least 115 migrants have gone missing and feared to have drowned and 134 others were rescued by Libyan coast guards and local fishermen after a wooden boat carrying migrants capsized off Libya.
Earlier, the U.N. refugee agency UNHCR said that up to 150 people were feared dead.
According to a report by UNHCR, an estimated 2,275 individuals drowned or went missing in the Mediterranean in 2018. This is the equivalent of approximately six people dying on a daily basis every day last year, or one in every fourteen people arriving to Europe. In 2017, this was one for every 38 arrivals.
In 2018 Europe saw the lowest number of refugees and migrants arriving by sea in the last five years: namely 114.500 people, principally to Spain  ( 58.600 ) , Greece  ( 32.500 )  and Italy  ( 23.400 ) . The highest numbers of people arriving in Spain were from Morocco and Guinea  ( 13.000 each ) , while most of those reaching Italy came from Tunisia  ( 5.200 )  and Eritrea  ( 3.300 ) . Those reaching Greece were mostly from Afghanistan  ( 9.000 )  and Syria  ( 7.900 )  [ 1 ] . Since the beginning of 2019, UNHCR has registered about 28,000 sea arrivals to Europe.
Frontex numbers indicate that one out of five arrivals at the EU's external borders in 2018 was a child  ( nearly 30,000 children )  of which 55% were boys and 28% girls  ( of the remaining proportion the gender was unknown ) . The Western Mediterranean route saw a 405% rise in arrivals compared to the year before  ( nearly 5000 children ) . While the central Mediterranean saw a drop in children arriving, the vast majority of children arriving in Italy or Malta are unaccompanied.
According to UNSMIL, the Libyan Coast Guard intercepted about 29.000 people between early 2017 and August 2018. As of 20 June, 3,018 refugees and migrants were rescued/intercepted at sea by the Libyan Coast Guard during 38 operations in 2019.They are generally transferred to immigration detention centres in Libya run by the Department of Combating Illegal Migration.
Libya remains fragmented and unstable. People who are forcibly returned to Libya or transferred by the Libyan coastguard are likely to be placed in arbitrary detention, abused, tortured or sold into slavery, as indicated by various reports including from OHCHR and UNSMIL.
Refugees and migrants outside detention centers do not have access to the same shelters or services as Libyan citizens. The current lawlessness makes it even harder to protect these vulnerable men, women, and children. The insecurity also increases the likelihood that people will attempt to flee to Europe. Just last week almost 70 people drowned trying to cross the Mediterranean.
More information is required about child protection needs and awareness raising given the majority of the respondents stated that the main child protection risks are unknown; only 10  ( 16% )  of respondents reported knowing of children experiencing trauma due to the exposure to violence while 8 or 13% of informants indicated knowledge of children who have been seriously injured due to the conflict. 69% of the respondents reported that the presence of unaccompanied and separated children hasn't been noticed since the onset of the conflict, while 16% were aware of an increase in the number of unaccompanied and separated children since the onset of the crisis.
“The targeting of medical personnel and facilities in Libya have become increasingly frequent, in flagrant violation of international humanitarian law. The attack on Tuesday was the third in 40 days to damage the same field hospital'. He added.
Violent conflict, including airstrikes and rocket attacks in civilian neighborhoods, has injured 111 and killed 23 civilians. Families are trapped in conflict zones and unable to flee to safety due to the risk of shelling and violence. There are more than one million people in urban Tripoli anxiously watching the frontlines inch closer to their homes.
Even before the current clashes, migrants detained in official and informal facilities faced grave human rights abuses, including forced labor, rape, and torture. 7 As the conflict continues, refugees and migrants who are intercepted fleeing to Europe are returned to detention centers that are unsafe and running out of food.
Household access to food commodities was adversely affected after fighting commenced in Tripoli, according to REACH. Widespread market and store closures, coupled with restricted movement, have occasionally led to food commodity shortages, REACH reports. Should hostilities in Tripoli persist, the UN projects that more than 100,000 people could require emergency food assistance
Nearly 1,800 children are among civilians who urgently need evacuation from areas under frontline fighting, while 7,300 children have already been displaced from their homes by the raging violence.
Sirt: An estimated 350 to 550 migrants were reported to have arrived to Sirt from Aljufra, Ejdabia and Bani Waleed; some of the migrants were reportedly planning to continue their journey to other destinations.
Suq alkumaa: Approximately 450 migrants were reported to have arrived to Suq Aljumaa from nearby unstable municipalities in June.
Zliten: Approximately 500 migrants were reported to have arrived to Zliten from south Tripoli, and were reported to be looking for work.
Increased levels of psychosocial stress have been reported by child protection partners working in collective centres. • As artillery, airstrikes and shelling continue to impact Tripoli and its environs the risk posed by explosive remnants of war  ( ERW )  and unexploded ordnance  ( UXO )  rises. Children are distinctly vulnerable to the risk posed by ERW/UXOs.
According to findings from the 2018 MSNA, when households did not have enough hard cash to purchase food, the most common coping mechanism they used was paying with credit or debit cards  ( 52% ) , followed by spending their savings  ( 46% )  and borrowing money from others  ( 33% ) . While hard currency was the primary method of payment used by consumers, other payment modalities  ( i.e. certified cheques, credit/debit cards, and mobile money )  could be accepted by the shopkeeper under certain conditions.13 Either a markup of 10% to 35%14 was added to the price of the commodity, or a minimum purchase amount was applied.
15,000 displaced women are in need of dignity kits . An estimated 51% of the displaced individuals are females. Most women and children are traumatized by the ongoing conflict in need of some form of psychosocial support including 400 women are at risk of sexual violence and in need of safety and protection.
In 2019, Libya entered its sixth year of continuous conflict, a period marked by frequent clashes between rival armed groups exacerbated by intertwined political and economic crises. Widespread damage to infrastructure, security threats associated with armed group activity, and severe shortages of liquidity have undermined the future prospects of the country's Libyan and nonLibyan residents by affecting their livelihoods and their access to basic services.