nlp-thedeep/humsetbias huggingface dataset:
Restrictions along Sebha's main roads prevent movement of people and goods between Sebha and other locations in the South. Movement restrictions are also in place in Sebha city, particularly in Tayouri, Hajara, Thanawia and Al Nasariya neighbourhoods and close to the main hospital, Sebha Medical Centre. • People belonging to the Tebu tribe are unable to access Sebha Medical Centre. Access to basic services and commodities, such as education, water and fuel, is also restricted due to the clashes.
The SMC has been hit several times during the clashes since the beginning of February, causing light infrastructure damage and minor injuries to civilian patients. Although the hospital has minor damage it continues to function. The Tebu population of Sabha avoid the SMC because of fears of attacks by rival armed groups, particularly during times of armed hostilities when emergency healthcare services are most needed
The risk of secondary displacement/ forced mass eviction was also raised by IDPs from Benghazi. During the inter agency mission to Misrata on11 April 2018 the city council and the military commander asked the UN and humanitarian community to support in helping the IDPs from Benghazi to return to areas of origin. According to the municipality council, the security situation In Benghazi have been improved and IDPs have to return; meanwhile, IDPs from Benghazi have fear of becoming victims of violations of human rights, including arbitrary arrest, torture, unlawful killings and disappearances in case they will return before any political solution in Libya. However, during the FGDs the IDPs are not aware of the Misrata municipality request or they did not raise any immediate concerns or pressure on them to return Benghazi.
On 6 and 7 May, UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM conducted a two day joint workshop on child protection and Best Interest Determination  ( BID ) . The workshop discussed protection solutions for unaccompanied and separated children and focused on enhancing referral mechanisms and collaboration between UN agencies
By staying put, respondents tried to minimise their exposure to risk by investing into their stay in their current location. This included finding work where the individual was paid regularly and building social networks which could support them. Especially among refugees and migrants from Sub Saharan origin, staying for longer in a location reportedly allowed individuals to build better relations with Libyans living in the same area, staying in better types of shelters and finding an employer who could protect them or pay their ransom if they were kidnapped. Therefore, when asked how their situation changed since they first arrived in Libya, most reported that their situation had improved, as they had been able to build social relations and find more decent work which protected them from exploitation and abuse. The value loss of the Libyan Dinar was also reported as a major concern which led to the deterioration of refugees' and migrants' situation since they first arrived in Libya
Refugees in detention in Libya are languishing in extreme conditions that threaten their life and wellbeing,' said Vincent Cochetel, UNHCR's Special Envoy for the Central Mediterranean Situation. “So this programme is really about saving vulnerable individuals from further harm. The Government of Niger has generously offered additional space for up to 1,500 refugees in the Emergency Transit Mechanism run by UNHCR in Niamey with financial support from the European Union. We now urgently need to find resettlement solutions for these refugees in other countries.
Hundreds of migrants and refugees are being held in a dangerously overcrowded detention center in Libya, without adequate food or water and in inhumane conditions, the international medical humanitarian organization Doctors Without Borders/Médecins Sans Frontières  ( MSF )  warned today.
On 26 April, UNHCR visited returnees living in Al Gwalish  ( 135 km west of Tripoli ) , in the Nafusa Mountains. The UNHCR Chief of Mission, Roberto Mignone, met with local authorities and returnee communities to identify their most pressing needs, which include limited access to medical facilities, adequate shelter and drinking water. To provide effective responses, UNHCR will implement quick impact projects to benefit the local community and families who have recently returned to the area.
The Minister of Planning, Hon. Dr. Taher E A Jehaimi, and Deputy Special Representative of the UN Secretary General, UN Resident Coordinator, Humanitarian Coordinator and UNDP Resident Representative in Libya, Ms. Maria Ribeiro, signed an agreement yesterday at the Ministry of Planning in Tripoli, by which the Government of National Accord  ( GNA )  provides US$ 5 million to boost the Stabilization Facility for Libya  ( SFL ) .
The Facility, implemented by UNDP in collaboration with the Government of National Accord and made possible by the contributions of 13 donors, focuses on rehabilitating critical infrastructure and enhancing the capacity of local communities to take an active role in peace building and to improve delivery of services to their citizens. Contributing countries include Germany, United States of America, European Union, United Kingdom, Italy, Norway, The Netherlands, France, Republic of Korea, Denmark, Japan, Canada and Switzerland. The SFL supports health, education and other basic services in Benghazi, Kikla, Sirt, Sebha and Ubari. Work has also begun in Bani Walid and Greater Tripoli. Recently, the SFL Board co chaired by the Minister of Planning and the UN DSRSG, approved expansion to Kufra, Tawergha, Ghat, Ajdabiya and Derna in 2018 subject to availability of funding and security conditions. With this donation, the Stabilization Facility has reached US$ 51.7 million.
UNSMIL documented eight additional casualties from other possible violations of international humanitarian law and violations or abuses of international human rights law in Derna, al Zawiya and Awbari.
Significant price inflation, including for fuel, has impacted the market and led to severe shortages of basic resources and services.
Conditions for migrants already suffering severe abuse in Libya have deteriorated further since a European backed push to stop boat departures led to a sharp drop in the number of crossings to Italy, community representatives say.
Since the clashes in Sabratha last September many migrants who were held in government run detention centers have been repatriated by the International Organization for Migration  ( IOM ) , or through bilateral flights.
A safe house in Bani Walid that takes in migrants who are so weakened from illness or abuse that they are abandoned by smugglers, has received more than 3,000 migrants since it was set up 14 months ago.
So far in 2018, 5,1091 refugees and migrants have been intercepted/rescued at sea by the LCG and disembarked in Libya  ( Tripoli: 3,961 individuals; Zwara: 611 individuals; Al Khums: 278 individuals; and Azzawya: 259 individuals.
While access to Zwara remains hazardous, in coordination with the local authorities, members of the MMWG are providing emergency humanitarian assistance at the detention centre, while transferring the most vulnerable cases to Tripoli by air.
In response, online consular services for Nigerians commenced on 29 April, and on 30 April, IOM organized a visit for representatives from the embassies of Cameroon, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Mali, Nigeria and Senegal )  who registered 355 migrants interested in the Voluntary Humanitarian Returns  ( VHR )  program  ( 186 remain to be registered by their home authorities ) . Upon issuance of their travel documents and the VHR screening process, their departure from Zwara to countries of origin will be organized next week.
From 1 to 30 April 2018, the United Nations Support Mission in Libya  ( UNSMIL )  documented 31 civilian casualties – four deaths and 27 injuries – during the conduct of hostilities across Libya. Victims included three men and one boy killed and 19 men, five women, two boys and one girl injured.
The majority of civilian casualties were caused by shelling  ( one death and 13 injuries ) , followed by gunfire  ( one death and 8 injuries ) , explosive remnants of war  ( ERW )   ( one death and three injuries ) , and vehicle borne improvised explosive devices  ( VBIED )   ( one death and three injuries ) .
On 19 April, unidentified armed men, some of them masked, driving in a Toyota four wheel drive shot at a civilian vehicle on the road between al Murada town and al Aqila town in central Libya, resulting in the injury of a four year old girl. The girl was taken to the Ajdabiya hospital, some 150 kilometres east of Aqila, but she passed away on 22 April. In this case also, the perpetrators of and motives behind the shootings remain unclear.
On 10 April, armed men in military uniform fired at a civilian vehicle near Kufra leading to the injury of a 12 year old girl. They proceeded to steal three mobile phones from the victim's car. The perpetrators behind the shootings remain unidentified.
On 11 April, an unidentified male body bearing gunshot wounds was found in the Qurda area of Sabha. On 12 April, a man was killed and at least four others injured during a series of drive by shootings in Sabha. The perpetrators of and motives behind the shootings remain unclear.
On 22 April, the body of a male with tied hands was uncovered in the area of Abu Surra in al Zawiya. He was identified as a local Salafi imam, who had been missing for several months. On the same day, a 27 year old man was shot dead at a traffic light in the area of Ben Ashour in Tripoli by armed men driving a civilian vehicle. The identity of the perpetrators and their motives were not identified.
More than 2.6 million children in need across the country
Out of the 473 individuals who departed Nigeria and who disclosed the route taken to reach Libya, 99% reported passing through Niger and 1% reported reaching Libya through Chad. 59% of migrants departing Mali reported entering Libya through Niger. 46% entered directly through Niger, 12% travelled through Burkina Faso and then Niger, and a final 1% crossed Algeria and Niger to reach Libya. The remaining 41% of Malian nationals surveyed reported coming through Algeria directly  ( in the previous reporting period their proportion was 33% ) . 92% of the surveyed migrants who departed Burkina Faso,   who disclosed the routes taken   reported travelling to Libya directly via Niger. The remaining 6% travelled to Libya through Mali and Niger, and the final 2% entered Libya through Algeria.
91% of Bangladeshi nationals reported traveling directly to Libya by plane. 7% travelled to Egypt first and then to Libya. The remaining 2% reported passing through Tunisia. The majority of migrants who departed Ghana  ( 87% )  reported passing through Burkina Faso followed by Niger to reach Libya. 7% reported travelling through Togo, Benin and then Niger. The remaining 6% reported passing through Burkina Faso, Mali and Algeria respectively. Migrants who departed Cameroon indicated two main routes; the highest proportion  ( 63% )  reported travelling through Nigeria and Niger to reach Libya with 37% reportedly travelling through Chad before reaching Libya. Migrants departing from Cameroon have been recorded as increasingly travelling through Chad. However 77% of those who have been in Libya for more than 6 months reported travelling to Libya through Nigeria and Niger respectively, 71% of those who arrived to Libya less than 2 weeks prior interview reported travelling to Libya through Chad.
As of the 31st of January, the total number of arrivals to Italy was recorded at 4,256 individuals since the beginning of the year. Compared to the same period from last year the number of arrivals to Italy have decreased  ( 4,531 arrivals recorded in January 2017 ) . Also, 215 individuals were reported to have died making the crossing through the Central Mediterranean route during the same period. 2,046 migrants were rescued/intercepted in January, against the 699 rescued/intercepted at sea in the same period of the previous year.
From the 1st February the Tawerghan community attempted to return to Tawergha from the East, South and West of Libya. The community was displaced in two locations, Hrawa, and Qrart Alkataf. Upwards of 2,380 households were reportedly located in the two locations. The reported primary needs of the Tawerghan community were shelter, health, food and wash assistance.
Libya's returnee populations' primary needs remained the same as the previous reporting rounds; the need focused on access to health services. The second most cited need for returnees continued to be access to education and the third access to security for the third consecutive round. In this round children were reported to be attending school regularly within six baladiyas  ( Derna, Ubari, Al Aziziya, Janzour and Hrawa )  irregular attendance was reported due to damaged schools, safety issues and overcrowding.
89 baladiyas reported that between 80 100% of public schools in the baladiya were operational. Five schools reported that between 61% and 80% of schools were operational with two reporting that between 41% and 60% of schools were operational  ( Rigaldeen and Tarhuna ) . 95% of mantikas  ( regions )  reported that the majority of students were attending schools regularly within the respective baladiyas. The remaining 5% of mantikas reported irregular attendance of students in Ubari, Al Aziziya, Derna and Janzour Mantikas
In 69% of baladiyas, IDPs were reported to purchase food from the market as their main source of food, representing no changes in percentage from the previous round. The proportion of IDPs obtaining food on credit was reported to be 17% representing no changes from the previous round. In 13% of baladiyas the main source of food was reported to be from charity or donations and in the remaining 1% of baladiyas the main source of food was from family or friends. The main problem associated with access to food was that it was too expensive as reported in 96 assessed baladiyas. Cases of malnutrition were reported in 17% of baladiyas and were reported to be present in the South and West of the country. It was also reported in one baladiya in the East, Benghazi.
Indicators on security in baladiyas measured residents' ability to move safely within the baladiya, the reasons hindering safe movement and perception or awareness of the presence of unexploded ordnance  ( UXO ) . The awareness of the presence of UXO was reported in 10% of baladiyas with 83% reporting no presence of UXO. Residents were reported as not being able to move safely within their baladiyas in 24% of assessed baladiyas. In baladiyas where movement was reported to be unsafe the main reason cited was insecurity  ( 90% of baladiyas ) , followed by road closures  ( 5% )  and other  ( 5% ) .
Number of alerts in week 15: fifteen  ( 15 )  alert were generated through EWARN.  ( details: see Alerts and Outbreaks Section ) . The health authorities of each municipality have the capacity to respond to outbreaks. The alerts were discussed with the focal person and respected surveillance officers of the municipalities.  ( Details: see Alert and Outbreak Section ) .
In a bid to enhance the Libyan capacity in ridding the country of explosive remnants of war, The United Nations Mine Action Service  ( UNMAS ) , thanks to a EUR 500,000 contribution from the Government of Austria, delivered 12 Explosive Ordnance Disposal  ( EOD )  kits to the Libyan Military Engineers and the National Safety Authority  ( NSA ) . This donation is part of a ‘capacity enhancement' programme, supported by the Governments of Austria and the United Kingdom  ( UK )  and coordinated by UNMAS.
WHO Libya, with the support provided by the WHO Regional Office, and in collaboration with Libyan MoH, organized a training course on hospital emergency preparedness and response and daily management of emergency units on 4 to 9 March 2018, in Tunis. In this workshop 20 Libyan hospitals and three hospitals from Tunisia actively participated. As a result, a network of hospital emergency coordinators was shaped in Libya.
Handicap International  ( HI )  outreach teams identified and assisted 477 persons with physical disabilities and their caregivers. Home based physical therapy, guidance and psychosocial support were provided to 221 persons with disabilities, where 91 persons of them were referred to external health and rehabilitation services and 26 benefited from assistive devices. In addition, individualized psychosocial support  ( PSS )  was provided to 256 caregivers.
In March 2018, IMC was active in eight detention centers; namely Tariq el Mater and Tariq el Sekka in Tripoli, Gharyan, Abu Nasir, Zwarra, Souq el Kahmis, Kararem and Kufra. IMC provided medical care in the two static community development centers located in Gurji and Selahedeen neighborhoods. Moreover, IMC supported the rescue at sea disembarkation points located in Tripoli, Tajoura, Zawiyah and Misurata. For the IDPs, IMC mobile medical teams provided medical care within the local polyclinics and as well as inside the camps in Tripoli, Misurata and Sabha. The host communities also benefit from the services.
WHO country office in Libya delivered one mobile clinic to Sabha to meet the health needs of thousands of the underservered population in southern parts of the country. Provision of this mobile clinic was made possible through the support of the European Union Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid  ( ECHO ) .
In partnership with National Center for Disease Control  ( NCDC )  and the Medical Supply Organization  ( MSO ) , United Nations Population Fund  ( UNFPA )  has continued providing lifesaving emergency reproductive and maternal health services to 18 hospitals and PHC centers, responding to the needs of 5,486 women of reproductive age over the month of March 2018.
In the frame of the project entitled emergency program in Libya for the improvement of health services in Ubari, which started in October 2017 with the financial support of Italian Agency for Development Cooperation  ( AICS ) , a batch of medicines was delivered by Centro Cooperazione Sviluppo  ( CCS )  to four PHC centers in Ubari  ( Aldessa, Albreak, Jerma and Fjej ) . In addition, medical equipment is going to reach the four centers by the end of April.
UNFPA supported the NCDC by providing a training to 12 nurses and midwives on essential skills and competencies to provide emergency obstetric care to an estimated 2,000 women of reproductive age living in the rural area of Takins in Eastern Libya. This training is part of a national program to scale up the competencies of maternal health service provided in Libya and reduce preventable maternal mortality.
WHO Libya conducted a workshop to develop the foundation for a Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission  ( PMTCT )  strategy from 27 to 29 March 2018. The workshop was built on a thorough desk review and situation analysis that identified gaps priority needs to strengthen the prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV/AIDS. Fifteen participants including HIV program manager, national disease control center, pharmacy department, and service providers participated in the workshop. The participants developed a draft with strategic objectives, action plan and required human resources. The drafted PMTCT strategy was tailored to the national context and the latest WHO guidelines as well as design service delivery models for optimal PMTCT services
The World Health Organization supported National campaigns for Polio and Measles, Mumps and Rubella, conducted from 28 October to 02 November 2017 under the leadership of NCDC/MOH, in collaboration with UNICEF who provided Polio vaccines. The number of beneficiaries from Polio vaccination was more than 1.4 million children, including 721,488 children vaccinated against Measles. Furthermore, WHO hired independent monitors to confirm the results/coverage of the campaigns and the coverage results were more or less identical. WHO put all the technical  ( training )  and operational support  ( including monitoring )  as well as incentives for the teams all over Libya. The activity was funded from WHO's core budget under the Polio Eradication Initiative and part of these funds were used to support Measles Campaign as well.
During 2017, UNFPA Created the RH sub working group and the RMNCAH technical committee and integrated Family Planning and GBV case management in the package of health services in primary health care. Moreover, UNFPA deployed Mobile teams to Al Jufra / Hun in December 2017 to reach 544 women and 42 newborn and ensured safe delivery to 5674 women in 14 municipalities in Libya  ( 197 were supported by the mobile teams over December ) . In addition, 87 health providers and managers in Libya were trained on safe delivery and Minimum Initial Service Package and 2065 adolescent have been reached by outreach activities on SRH and prevention of Drug abuse.
Under the national strategy to control cutaneous leishmaniasis, Libya has acquired laboratory capacity to produce the media for isolation and culture, direct smear and molecular identification by PCR of leishmania parasites. Furthermore, Action Plan for strengthening public health laboratory capacities and services in Libya was developed and adopted in 2017. In the frame of tuberculosis control program, WHO has been strengthening national capacities for diagnosis and management of TB and MDR TB as well as integration of TB data from sub national branches into the national health information system.
Before starting the medical activities, PUI teams in Benghazi performed health and hygiene promotion assessments in several local communities where there are known vulnerable groups  ( particularly IDPs )  to identify which health and hygiene topics should be priotized among these most vulnerable groups. Moreover, a health facilities assessment and a Referral mapping were also accomplished in Benghazi.
Tunis, 09 to 20 April 2018: The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations  ( FAO )  concluded a ten day training program to officers from the Libyan Ministry of Agriculture, Animal and Marine Wealth. This program, delivered from 09 to 19 April, focused on communication and data collection, in line with the recently announced program related to strengthening national capacities in the agricultural sector in Libya.
UNHCR, the UN Refugee Agency, managed to deliver this week urgently needed assistance to hundreds of displaced Libyan families in the town of Murzuk, in southern Libya. Humanitarian help is desperately needed in this region of Libya where recent deadly clashes between armed groups in and around the city of Sabha  ( some 760 km south of Tripoli )  have forced an estimated 1,900 Libyan families to flee their homes.
In Libya, UNHCR continues to respond to the needs of internally displaced Libyans  ( IDPs ) , including through its leadership of the Protection Sector. This week, UNHCR is providing assistance to families who were recently displaced in the southern region. For the first time since the intensification of clashes in the South, UNHCR and LibAid are distributing solar lamps, sleeping mats, kitchen sets, hygiene kits, and additional non food items  ( NFIs )  in Murzuq to respond to the most urgent humanitarian needs.
UNHCR also distributed food, blankets and hygiene kits. UNHCR continued the identification of persons in need of international protection at disembarkation points and at detention centres where the disembarked are transferred by the authorities. Reportedly, many were held in captivity by smugglers in Bani Walid  ( central region )  before departing from areas west of Tripoli in Azzawya and Al Harsha.
UNHCR is implementing QIPs in consultation with national and local authorities, including the active participation of benefiting communities. Prospective projects will include: renovation of essential public services infrastructure; material support to provide services; material or technical support for local and national authorities as well as health and education interventions.
In 2018 so far, the top nationalities of those migrants and refugees rescued/intercepted at sea by the LCG include individuals from Nigeria  ( 17% ) , Mali  ( 10% ) , Eritrea  ( 10% ) , Ivory Coast  ( 7% ) , while 10 percent remain unknown. Available data show that adult males represent some 65 percent of the total rescued/intercepted population, while women and children accounted for 15 percent and 9 percent respectively. UNHCR noted an increase of women and children compared to data collected in 2017.
Due to lack of proper documentation, refugees and asylum seekers have limited access to Libyan health facilities. In CDCs, UNHCR and partners provide primary healthcare and psychosocial support. So far in 2018, UNHCR and its partner IMC have provided over 3,100 medical consultations and 580 medical referrals to public and private hospitals. Counselling, including for survivors of sexual and gender based violence  ( SGBV ) , victims of trafficking and persons with specific needs, including unaccompanied minors, is also provided.
Registration is a key protection tool and the initial gateway for solutions. In 2018, UNHCR opened a new CDC with the aim of up scaling its registration activities. Since the start of 2018, more than 6,860 individuals have registered with UNHCR at the CDCs while a grand total of 13,552 individuals have been registered since 2016. Registration procedures have aided in submitting 465 individuals for resettlement to third countries.
Across the country, UNHCR is supporting IDP settlements with humanitarian assistance, including through small scale community projects, cash assistance and protection activities. In 2018, UNHCR and its partners will implement over 270 quick impact projects benefiting both IDP and hosting communities. On the refugee response, UNHCR plans to evacuate and resettle some 5,000 vulnerable refugees out of Libya in 2018. Since September 2017 to date, UNHCR has submitted 465 vulnerable refugees for direct resettlement out of Libya. In addition, 1,342 individuals were evacuated to Niger, Italy and Romania. Additional resettlement spaces are urgently required for persons of concern in Libya who remain in need of international protection.
• In September, due to depreciation of the Libyan dinar, the overall median cost of the MEB slightly increased by 1.3%, compared to August, reaching 864.96 LYD.1 The updated cost of the MEB included an increase in median food prices by 2.3% across Libya. Among notable changes, the median cost of peppers rose by 18.8% in September, due to clashes in areas of bell pepper production.
Libya's UN backed government in Tripoli said Libya's largest oil field Sharara had reopened after premier Fayez al Sarraj brokered a deal with protesters who shut it down, but local officials said the field has yet to start production.
UNHCR continues to distribute humanitarian assistance to respond to the needs of some 1,500 families who were recently displaced in the South. Over the past weeks, clashes between armed groups in the southern region of Libya have resulted in the displacement of thousands of civilians to safer areas in Sabha, Ubari and Murzuq. UNHCR dispatched seven trucks from Tripoli to Sabha carrying non food items. So far, aid has been distributed in Sabha, where some 850 families are displaced. Access to Ubari and Murzuq  ( cities south of Sabha )  remains challenging due to security reasons.
As of 9 April 2018, 4,034 refugees and migrants were disembarked in Libya by the Libyan Coast Guard. The latest three operations took place on 6 and 7 April, when 324 refugees and migrants were disembarked in Tripoli. UNHCR and its partner International Medical Corps were present at the Naval Base and assisted individuals disembarked with medical and humanitarian assistance. UNHCR also identified persons in need of international protection. In line with recent trends, the boats departed from Zwara  ( 100 km west of Tripoli )  and Garabulli  ( 50 km east of Tripoli ) .
Based on the findings of the data, 99% or over 500 households intend to return to their place of origin whilst 1% remain undecided. All households surveyed expressed no interest in migrating to another country. 52% of households conveyed that their dwellings were destroyed with only 1% reporting their homes remain intact. 11% of households stated that homes were partially damaged with a further 3% reporting that household dwellings are currently occupied. Households without information on the status of their dwellings represented 33% of the sample population. Furthermore, according to the property situation analysis, 33% of families possess no documentation for their respective properties with 67% possessing documentation confirming ownership
Overall, 96% of households reported some form of assistance received. These percentages include support received from various actors, such as the Government or local authorities, host community, relatives and humanitarian actors. It should be noted that the IDPs received both regular and irregular assistance throughout the duration of their displacement, with some households receiving more than one type of assistance. Regular assistance was received in the form of shelter, food and psychosocial support  ( PSS )   ( 22%, 20% and 12% of the sample population )  by 274 households. Livelihood, cash and legal assistance were reported as the least regular form of assistance by the sampled population.
In 67% of baladiyas IDPs purchased food from the market as their main source of food, representing a two percent decrease from the previous round. The proportion of IDPs obtaining food on credit was reported to be 16% representing a one percent decrease from the previous round. In 16% of baladiyas the main source of food was reported to be from charity or donations with 1 baladiya reporting family or friends as the main source of food  ( Rigaldeen ) . Food was reported as too expensive in 94 assessed baladiyas. Cases of malnutrition were reported in 13% of baladiyas and were reported to be present in the south, east and west of the country
The criteria for the economic analysis reflects average income, income range, working period, type of work and reasons for unemployment. The average income was observed as 1,013 LYD  ( equivalent to $763   official conversion rates as of 26 March 2018 )  for a total of 491 families with 501 > 1,000 LYD  ( equivalent to $377 > $752   official conversion rates as of 26 March 2018 )  as the most prevalent income range for 35% of the sample population. The second most common income range was found to be 301 > 500 LYD  ( equivalent to $226 > $376   official conversion rates as of 26 March 2018 )  for 21% of the sample population. Upon further analysis, it was found that 1% of the sample population are in the highest income range – 4,000 > 7,000 LYD  ( $3,016 > $5,277 – official conversion rates as of 26 March 2018 )  represented by a total of 5 households.
Libya's returnee populations' primary needs remain the same as previous reporting rounds; access to health services. The second most cited need for returnees continued to be access to education and the third access to security for the fourth consecutive round. In this round children were reported to be attending school irregularly within four baladiyas  ( Derna, Ubari, Janzour and Hrawa ) . Irregular attendance was reported due to damaged schools, safety issues and overcrowding.
90 baladiyas reported that between 80 100% of public schools in the baladiya were operational. Six schools reported that between 61% and 80% of schools were operational with two reporting that between 41% and 60% of schools were operational  ( Rigaldeen and Tarhuna ) . 96% of mantikas  ( regions )  reported that the majority of students were attending schools regularly within the respective baladiyas. The remaining 4% of mantikas reported irregular attendance of students in Ubari, Derna, Sirt and Aljfara
In an interview with VOA, Belbeisi said that Libya has always been both a destination and transit country for migrants, but poor governance, an ailing infrastructure and economic challenges have restricted migrants' options and bred lawlessness. That's resulted in what Belbeisi calls “modern time slavery,' in which people are held against their will and forced into life threatening situations. Libya hosts about 700,000 migrants from 35 countries, he said.
In addition to Libya's migrant population, about 165,000 Libyans have been internally displaced. Both groups are especially vulnerable to challenges faced by the entire society, including an unreliable telecommunications network and a health care system in disarray.
UNHCR's interventions at disembarkation points in Libya focus on the provision of life  saving assistance and protection monitoring to identify persons in need of international protection, and vulnerable individuals, unaccompanied and separated children, elderly, persons with specific needs, women at risk and victims of trafficking are considered as vulnerable. UNHCR has access and conducts protection monitoring at disembarkation points in western Libya. In six of these disembarkation points, UNHCR upgraded reception conditions to meet the immediate basic needs of refugees and migrants being disembarked following a rescue/interception at sea. Support includes establishing health posts, constructing water and sanitation facilities, such as toilets and showers, and shaded areas to protect refugees and migrants from rain in the winter and high temperatures in the summer.
UNHCR advocates for the release from detention of refugees and asylum seekers, in particular unaccompanied and separated children and other vulnerable individuals, and for alternatives to detention, including care arrangements for children and family tracing. So far in 2018, UNHCR and its partners have conducted more than 390 visits to detention centres. A total of 983 refugees and asylum seekers were released following UNHCR's advocacy efforts.
UNHCR distributes non food items to persons held in detention centres, where particularly poor hygiene conditions contribute to the risk of spreading of diseases. In 2018, UNHCR has distributed non food items, including hygiene kits, to 3,480 persons held in detention centres. UNHCR also assisted with the provision of WASH facilities for eight detention centres, including washing machines, and water tanks and generators.
At detention centres, UNHCR provides basic humanitarian assistance and advocates for enhanced access to screening, identification and registration of refugees and vulnerable individuals. UNHCR especially advocates for measures preventing risks of sexual and gender based violence to be adopted.
One of UNHCR's key objectives in Libya is to enhance the protection environment for refugees and asylum  seekers. UNHCR identifies, registers and assists persons in need of international protection through its telephone hotlines, via its two Community Development Centres  ( CDCs )  in Tripoli and through outreach visits. UNHCR's partners CESVI and IMC provide specialized assistance to persons with specific needs, including unaccompanied and separated children and victims of trafficking.
Since the Libyan revolution of 2011, Tawergha, Libya has been a virtual ghost town. The streets are still strewn with explosive remnants of war rockets, missiles, grenades, and ammunition that pose risks to civilians. The inhabitants fled the city years ago and have been unable to return home.
Refugees and asylum seekers have limited access to Libyan health facilities. UNHCR and partners provide primary healthcare and psychosocial support to refugees and asylum seekers in Tripoli and in detention facilities. So far in 2018, UNHCR and partners have conducted more than 11,871 medical consultations for vulnerable refugees and asylum seekers. In 2018, 2,154 individuals have received non food items in CDCs and through outreach activities in and around Tripoli.
• Fighting which erupted in Tripoli in August 2018 continued into September leading to the displacement of 5,065 families  ( 25,325 individuals ) . UNICEF continued its emergency response reaching over 2,000 children with child protection services;
• A measles outbreak since April 2018 has resulted in over 600 reported cases, with the number still increasing. UNICEF, WHO and the Ministry of Health are planning a nationwide Measles, Rubella, Polio vaccination and Vitamin A supplementation campaign to protect children against vaccine preventable diseases. It is scheduled to take place at the end of November 2018;
Half a million children are in “immediate danger' in Libya's capital Tripoli due to fighting, the United Nations children's fund Unicef said on Monday.
The UNHCR announced on Friday the evacuation of 2500 asylum seekers from Libya to Niger, Italy and Romania during 2018.
Reliable reports by our sources and refugees suggest that traffickers and smugglers are impersonating UN staff, including UNHCR, at different locations in Libya. These criminals were spotted at disembarkation points and smuggling hubs, using vests and other items with logos similar to that of UNHCR.
The Libyan National Oil Corporation  ( NOC )  said Friday that operations at four oil terminals in the country had been temporarily halted due to bad weather conditions.
“To date, 2,344 persons have been evacuated from Libya, hoping for a better future,'' UNHCR said in a statement.
The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees on Tuesday said 262 illegal immigrants were evacuated on Monday from Libya to Niger.
World Health Organization  ( WHO )  has concluded a week long comprehensive training on Tuberculosis  ( TB )  case management in Libya, this workshop was held in Tunisia The first ever training since the war flared up in Libya focused on diagnosis, drug management, reporting, and patient tracking. 25 trainees from all TB centers of National Center for Disease Control  ( NCDC )  across Libya under the umbrella of National TB Program  ( NTP )  attended the course. The training was facilitated by Manager of NTP Tunisia along with senior experts in the diagnosis, case management and treatment of TB.
Due to the conflict that erupted in 2014, the city of Benghazi and its suburbs experienced heavy damage and almost complete evacuation. Al Sabri   one of the oldest and most populated areas of Benghazi   witnessed the most brutal shelling the neighbourhood has ever seen. Most of its infrastructure and buildings collapsed, forcing the temporary or permanent displacement of its entire population of almost 40,000 families.
The 16 workers were seized four days ago in Tobruk, in eastern Libya, by unknown gunmen after Libyan contractors accused a business partner from the same Egyptian village as the kidnapped men of fleeing the country after he stole 100,000 Libyan dinars  ( $72,000 ) .
The majority of key informants reported that they had not witnessed a decrease in arrivals of refugees and migrants from the southern borders since early to mid 2017. However, given the difficulty to systematically monitor and quantify entries at official and unofficial entry points along Libya's southern borders, this information needs to be further investigated.
Al Zawiya city hosted on Saturday the first meeting of the Libyan National Conference of February 17 Revolutionaries to discuss new initiatives based on dialogue and peaceful solution without foreign intervention.
The National Oil Corporation  ( NOC )  subsidiary Akakus has confirmed that Sharara oilfield sub station B 6NC 186 has been attacked around 3 pm on Tuesday, November 20, 2018, by an armed group of eight men, adding that no employees were hurt in this attack or production affected by this incident.
Three people working for Libya's state electricity company were killed in a landmine explosion on Saturday in the eastern city of Benghazi, according to a Libyan spokesman.
The Libyan Airlines and Afriqiyah Airways have both agreed to raise the prices of the tickets threefold, citing the impact of the Presidential Council's decision to slap 183% fees on dollar purchase transactions.
Recurrent escalations of violence between members of the Tebu and Awlad Sulieman communities erupted early February 2018 in Sebha city and continue to date. Violence is most likely fueled further by criminal motives, such as trafficking
On Thursday, Libya's official meteorological agency warned of strong northwesterly winds along the country's west coast and waves reaching as high as four meters.
Amid a measles outbreak, with over 500 cases reported – most are among children – UNICEF is concerned that a lack of functioning health services will result in an increase of the disease.
Cairo  Tripoli  ( ICRC )  – In coordination with the authorities in Libya and Egypt, and through the support of Libyan and Egyptian Red Crescent Societies and the Malta Red Cross, the International Committee of the Red Cross  ( ICRC )  has facilitated the repatriation of twelve unaccompanied Egyptian minors from the city of Misrata in Libya to Cairo in Egypt.
The AIIA on Tuesday said it has arrested 120 Sudanese and Chadian illegal migrants at Al Wahat area during a large inspection campaign against undocumented workers.
The UN migration agency  ( IOM )  in April 2017 said it had received reports about the existence of slave markets in Libya where West African migrants are being bought and sold openly.
ISIS militants attacked a police station in Tazirbu, an oasis in the southeast of Libya, killing 9 policemen and kidnapping 11 civilians, its second attack in almost a month.
Libya's National Oil Corporation  ( NOC )  said the “disgraceful' move could cost the national economy $32.5 million daily but insisted production had not stopped despite threats to workers. There were various conflicting statements and rumours if the latter statement was true.
Armed groups across Libya apprehend individuals illegally  ( without a warrant or legal authority )  or take them hostage. Those arrested by armed groups nominally under the State or exercising government like functions are rarely informed of the reasons for their arrest. Illegal arrests have often been accompanied by unlawful appropriation of valuables and destruction of property. In a number of cases documented by HRD, armed groups have also used violence against suspects and relatives who attempted to resist apprehension or asked questions.
Solitary confinement is also used at the al Kuweifiya Prison. Detainees described being held in small cells, where they could not stretch out their legs. One detainee recalled how mice and insects emerged from a hole in the ground that was used as a toilet. He described experiencing breathing difficulties given the lack of ventilation and the strong stench. He was given a small bottle of water daily, to use for drinking and washing. Testimonies indicate that in the GIA wing of the prison, up to 20 30 detainees are detained in each cell, with insufficient room to move or lie down. Access to the outdoors is also severely restricted, as are family visits, a lifeline to detainees' needing food, personal hygiene products and medicine.
Schools across Libya have been heavily affected by conflict, impacting student's access to education and leaving communities vulnerable. To promote the right to education and improve the health and safety of educational environments, ACTED implemented 15 Quick Impact Projects  ( QIPs )  in 2018 across the South, West and East of Libya. Funding for ACTED's education QIPs comes from the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees  ( UNHCR ) .
Following a community based needs assessments in vulnerable target areas, ACTED identified schools as the most notable institutions to have been severely damaged due to conflict. Schools that have not already been shut down are often in severe disrepair, impacting the health, safety and access to education for students. Moreover, due to the economic situation in vulnerable municipalities, funds for school rehabilitation are simply not available. To fill this gap, ACTED has distributed school supplies, IT equipment, office supplies and furniture such as desk and chairs. In addition, ACTED has completed renovation projects like painting walls, installing lights, and fixing the windows and doors of classrooms.
Since 2015, Darna has been besieged by the army which demanded the armed group of the Shura Council of Mujahideen of Darna leave the city. The army accuses the group of being loyal to al Qaida.
Commenting on whether it would be safe for workers or not, Deputy Chair of the General Federation of Egyptian Trade Unions Magdi El Badawi told Egypt Today that areas controlled by the government are safe for workers and Egypt will not send them unless it could ensure their safety. He believes that they would respond and go back to Libya, especially since not all Egyptian workers have left Libya and some have gone back to Libya searching for income, although Egypt has warned them of the situation there. However, he stated that the number of Egyptian laborers that still exist in Libya is not determined, as many of them have left Egypt illegally.
In total, six schools across the country received supplies, equipment and material. At the Al Khwibia school in Al Gwarsha neighbourhood in Benghazi, the playground was cleaned, painted and provided with basketballs and volleyballs for the children. In Abu Salim neighbourhood in Tripoli, the Al Istiklal school received school supplies, as did the Al sad al Ali Secondary School in Garyounis, the Thawret el Takbeer school in Ganfouda, the Abu Gharrah School in Aloweynia and El Deyya school in Gwarsha.
Eastern Libya has been controlled by jihadist groups and Islamic fighters due to the weak interim authority and the civil war. These groups have caused several movements hostile to Egypt across the border and the rise of organized crimes such as arm smuggling, drug trafficking and illegal immigration across the Egyptian Libyan border. Due to the security breakdown in eastern Libya, Egyptian workers have increasingly become victims of kidnappings and murder by jihadist groups.
On 10 November, a commercial vessel reached the port of Misrata, carrying 95 refugees and migrants who were intercepted at sea in the attempt to reach Europe, and who subsequently refused to disembark onto Libyan soil.
Disputed elections in 2014 resulted in Libya being split between competing political and military factions in the west and east of the country. Political turmoil and sporadic armed conflict have led to economic collapse, giving space to militant groups, including Islamist insurgents.
Libya continues to be the main transit point for departure from North Africa towards Europe. UNHCR's interventions at disembarkation points in Libya focus on the provision of life saving assistance and protection monitoring, to identify persons in need of international protection, as well as vulnerable individuals, such as unaccompanied and separated children, elderly, medical cases, women at risk or victims of trafficking. UNHCR through its partner International Medical Corps provides medical services and core relief items. In addition, UNHCR rehabilitated WASH facilities at six disembarkation points, in Azzawya, Tripoli  ( 3 ) , Tajoura  ( Al Hamidiyah )  and Alkhums
The International Organization for Migration  ( IOM )  in cooperation with Libya's Ministry of State for Displaced Affairs and the Local Council of Tawergha delivered essential humanitarian assistance to communities in Tawergha, 200 kilometres southeast of Libya's capital Tripoli, and in the surrounding village of al Emarat
The fighting erupted between several armed groups in the Tripoli's southern districts on 27 August  ( Including Khallat Al Furjan, Ain Zara, Abu Slim, Salah Eddin and Ben Aoun ) . Armed groups used medium and heavy weaponry, which resulted in the displacement of thousands of civilians. Many civilians were trapped without a corridor for safe passage to flee the areas affected by conflict.
OM, through its Displacement Tracking Matrix, estimates that around 40,000 Tawerghans remain displaced across Libya whose needs require immediate humanitarian attention. The support provided yesterday is part of IOM Libya's broader IDP Return and Reintegration nationwide strategy which attends to the needs of IDPs across the country. The Organization continues to follow a needs based approach in supporting vulnerable people and communities across Libya from initial humanitarian assistance access to durable solutions.