nlp-thedeep/humsetbias huggingface dataset:
Health facilities are poorly equipped and staffed, making them unprepared for health risks, such as Ebola.
The cumulative effects of conflict, severe flooding, worsening economic conditions, and prolonged household asset depletion continue to result in high levels of acute food insecurity in South Sudan, according to the October UN Food and Agriculture Organization  ( FAO ) –WFP early warning analysis of acute food insecurity hotspots.
Communal violence and cattle raiding also interrupt relief operations.
Jonglei State has the worst effects impacting 404,000 people.
While perceptions of the humanitarian response likely continue to be impacted by the initial cases of COVID 19 being confirmed among UN staff, in Maridi County, a rumor was recorded that NGO staff have already been vaccinated against the virus. This rumor is similar to perceptions recorded in Jonglei where the international community is perceived to be somehow financially benefitting from the virus.
With more than $396.8 million in FY 2020 funding, USAID/BHA partners provide emergency food assistance, agricultural inputs, fishing kits, and livelihoods trainings to support vulnerable populations across the country. Emergency food assistance includes U.S. sourced commodities, locally and regionally procured commodities, and cash based resource transfers where feasible.
Endemic structural challenges such as limited resources and access challenges have hindered efforts by national authorities, civil society and aid organizations to contain the virus.
Socio economic and political factors continue to shape the security situation in South Sudan, which remains fluid
Between January and March 2019, 64 per cent of people who were displaced internally were displaced within same state and same county
This year's torrential rains have caused flood which have devastated livelihoods by way of crops failure, live stocks death in big numbers and houses destroyed in most of the flooded counties in Lakes state.
While water levels continue to recede, most of the road networks connecting Jonglei State & GPAA with neighbouring states remain inaccessible due to flood waters.
97.1% of schools in South Sudan have a PTA  [ Parent Teacher Association ]  or an SMC  [ School Management Committee ] .
The Medical Advisory Panel  ( MAP )  issued a National COVID 19 Guideline for South Sudan on 13 October 2020, which will support the County Health Department  ( CHD )  and immigration on clear requirements for arrival, specifically with the opening of the Uganda South Sudan border, as advised by the National Steering Committee. The guidelines were presented at the NSC on 15 October and are under review by the various TWGs before finalization.
15 April: The Global Strategic Preparedness & Response Plan expanded to include interventions that mitigate health and socioeconomic impacts
Top 5 counties with the highest proportion of assessed settlements where IDPs reportedly made up at least half of the population and recent IDPs had arrived in the 3 months prior to data collection Tonj East  62% Canal Pigi  53% Akobo  41% Koch  38% Gogrial West  37%
Advance Youth Radio has aired various call in programmes about COVID 19, including a call in show in which the hosts debunked common myths related to the COVID 19 outbreak on Wednesday 9 September  ( see here ) .
Another key challenge was over crowding of people in each compound who were affected by flood. Populations living close to the river sides their domicile destroyed and they sought refuge with their relatives and having poor living conditions.
In Greater Bahr el Ghazal, contrary to trends in the rest of the country, perceptions of security even decreased, from 32 per cent in July 2018 to 16 per cent in July 2019. This is likely due to the continued communal and localized violence in the region.
Lack of political consensus and resource constraints continue to undermine completion of critical tasks to stabilize the country. Political and technical negotiations are ongoing regarding the definition of state and county boundaries, the scale of federalism and the de centralization of authority from national ministries.
During rainy season access to market is made difficult due to bad road.
07 May: Curfew across the country reduced to 10pm 6am. Re opening of restaurants, bars, & shops with observance of social distancing.
11 May: South Sudan re opens airspace with strict precautionary measures, including 14 day self quarantine prior to inter state travel.
WHO advises people of all ages to take steps to protect themselves from the virus, for example by following good hand hygiene and good respiratory hygiene  ( Source: WHO ) . IFRC also mentions: “If you are young and catch COVID 19 you may only get mild symptoms, but you can still pass the virus to your older relatives who are more likely to become seriously ill and die. By protecting yourself, you are also protecting your family, friends and loved ones'.
South Sudan has 3,016 confirmed COVID 19 cases, as of 10 November. The Government urges people to adhere to COVID 19 preventive measures particularly maintaining social distancing, wearing facemasks in public, and washing hands regularly with water and soap
Life expectancy stands at 57 years, well below regional and global averages.
Ministerial Order signed by the Health Minister issued the immediate suspension of COVID 19 negativity certificates until further notice.
16 Jun: The COVID 19 Addendum requests for $390M, bringing the overall South Sudan HRP appeal for this year to $1.9B.
In many parts of South Sudan, strong coping mechanisms were already in place to deal with annual flooding, however, it is recognized that many households have limited capacity to adopt traditional coping mechanisms due to the cumulative impact of multiple years of shocks. Increased insecurity in the form of cattle raiding and intercommunal violence across the county have contributed to reduced access to livelihoods and basic services, and eroded household resilience through repeated exposure to shocks.
27 May: The newly established National Task Force appoints a transitional sub committee to review the activities of the former High Level Task Force.
Road accessibility constraints caused by the flooding emergency remain a major challenge to access populations in dire need of assistance, increasing the reliance on air transportation to deliver cargo to flood affected locations.
Following a recommendation from OCHA to postpone non critical physical meetings, coordination meetings are held online for Juba, while physical meetings in field hubs are organised on an ad hoc basis, ensuring COVID 19 preventive measures are respected by attendees. In November, one online coordination meeting was held in Juba, attended by a total of 22 organisations.
Over 65 mt of PPE worth EUR 4 million funded by the EU arrived in Juba on 5 November 2020.
Two years after the signing of the revitalized peace agreement, women and children in South Sudan continue to be faced with multiple risks which include extreme food and nutrition insecurity, residual impact of floods, localized conflict, an ongoing economic crisis and disease outbreaks including COVID 19.
An estimated 5.5 million people are in need of WASH services in 2020. This includes 5.2 South Sudanese women, men and children who will not have access to adequate WASH services in 2020. These people include IDPs, non displaced and host community members, returnees from internal displacement and refugee returnees who are vulnerable with limited access to WASH services. In addition, some 300,000 refugees lack access to sufficient WASH services.
Active participation in various EVD/COVID 19 fora continued, including the Strategic Advisory Group, National Task Force, COVID 19 National Steering Committee meetings, Technical Working Groups, and State Task Forces.
Women and girls are exposed to GBV risk since IDPs and Host community are in one place with no income at all in order to cope with the hunger or vulnerable situation the may opt to use available means to fend for their families
Under the IPC/WASH TWG, IOM continued to take the lead in the Sub Committee on IPC/WASH in Communities and Camp like Settings. IOM also continued to actively participate in the WASH Cluster EPnR technical working group to coordinate the ongoing COVID 19 response in Juba.
WFP is grateful to the UK's Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office for their contribution of USD 3.5 million and to the Government of Sweden for their contribution of USD 3.75 million supporting WFP's life saving assistance. WFP is grateful to the European Commission for their USD 7 million contribution to WFP's resilience activities. WFP faces a USD 544 million shortfall to continue assistance for the next six months.
Both communities used to depend on or engaged in the sale of livestock to raise HH income
Humanitarian funding agency to fund health partners on ground to strengthen their services in terms of work force  ( staffs )  and Mobility eg motor bike/car to maximize coverage for effective and appropriate nutrition intervention
Most Rivers, lakes and Ponds  ( Toch )  sounding Terekeka and its neighboring States have received excess and high water level leading to floods in all low land areas, since Terekeka in CES, Jonglie and Lake States are flat and prone to floods.
Since September 2018, at least 502 abductions, 96% of which are women and children, were documented in Jonglei and GPAA. Of the 502, 434 were reported between January and August 2020. According to the same report, abductions of women and children exacerbated long standing community grievances and triggered new attacks. Some women reported abuses, including killings and abductions, and the local government's failure to rescue abductees. Interviewees also referred to taking up arms and relying on armed youth to defend their communities as a solution.
Two thirds of South Sudan's roads become impassable during the rainy season, cutting people off from markets and basic services. The situation is further exacerbated by insecurity in many parts of the country, including the risk posed by explosive remnants of war.
IOM conducted Focus Group Discussions  ( FGDs )  with community members in Suk Libia, Custom bus terminal, Juba Bus Station, Nyakuron Market, Hai Mauna, and Juba University, engaging a total of 74 participants  ( 18 men, 56 women ) . These FGDs have helped to capture knowledge, attitudes, and practice towards COVID 19.
South Sudan continues to see a rise in the number of confirmed cases, with 2,649 confirmed cases, 1,316 recoveries, and 49 deaths, as of 20 September 2020.
In May, the government relaxed the lockdown due to the economic consequences and a growing food security crisis. This included a limited opening of air travel, re opening of shops and bars and a relaxation of the curfew to between 10pm and 6am.
Although the proportion of assessed settlements across more than 50 counties reporting incidents of fatal conflict reduced from 22 per cent in July 2018 to 8 per cent in July 2019, the proportion reporting that residents felt safe most of the time remained relatively low at 47 per cent, similar to 43 per cent in July 2019.
The ongoing macroeconomic crisis underlies South Sudan's multiple crises. South Sudan is the most oil dependent country in the world, with oil accounting for almost the totality of exports, and around 60 per cent of its gross domestic product.
It is imperative that FAO, together with other food security stakeholders, enhance the existing food security information systems to support COVID 19 risk analysis, surveillance and early warning.
50% of older people surveyed experience barriers in accessing COVID 19 health messages. These barriers are again are higher in urban Juba. Furthermore, older men  ( 60% )  were more likely to experience barriers in health care messaging compared with older women  ( 42% )
The projection for total expenditure of the proposed 2019–2020 national budget is 155 per cent higher than the previous year, with total revenues up by 59 per cent, partly on the back of assumed higher oil production and lower payments to Sudan. South Sudan's economy is projected to grow by 1.8 per cent in 2019 if peace holds and by 0.3 per cent if the peace agreement falters.
When COVID 19 pandemic reached South Sudan, the country was ill equipped to handle the crisis due to systemically weak healthcare infrastructure and nearly non existent COVID 19 testing and treating equipment. Both the primary and secondary impacts of COVID 19 have therefore made a challenging context worse for many older people.
In Bor South County  ( Bor PoC ) , the size of the population was 1,921 and there was movement restrictions within in/ out of the site. Average daily flow in/out was 289/344. Approximate percent of travel overnight is unknown. Approximate percent of travel out of county for overnight travel is unknown. There was Congregation restrictions. There was temperature screening and Hand washing stations. There was risk communication.  [ Mobility Update Week 11  ( 1 14 June 2020 )  ]
The South Sudan Guidelines on COVID 19 was issued by the Medical Advisory Panel  ( MAP )  of the National Task Force  ( NTF ) . The guidelines are currently under review by the National Steering Committee  ( NSC )  members and the Technical Working Groups  ( TWGs )  and will be updated accordingly, according to the Ministry of Health.
Despite a period of relative stability since September 2018, more than 6.5 million people remain in severe acute food insecurity across South Sudan due to the cumulative effects of years of conflict, chronic vulnerabilities and weak essential services, among other factors  ( Integrated Food Security Phase Classification  [ IPC ] , January 2020 )
IOM will continue responding to the needs of vulnerable people in PoC sites and collective settlements as well as to communities outside of camp settings suffering similar shocks to ensure equitable access
A rumor was recorded that people with “serious' pre existing conditions were somehow immune from COVID 19. This indicates a direct contradiction of the prevailing scientific guidance that people with certain conditions, especially HIV, are especially susceptible to the effects of the virus.
Less than half of the refugee returnees, or 91,000 individuals, have been able to return safely to their homes, while some 102,000 individuals have been unable to access their intended place of return and require humanitarian assistance.
The conflicts and famines broke apart families and destroyed the personal wealth, homes, agricultural investments and relationships of many people.
Skin infections among the children that were screened at least in 10% of the children and none of the mothers have seek medical service for their children.
As was the case in 2019, violence involving civil defence groups accounted for many victims of the four major forms of harm   killing, injury, abduction and sexual violence   throughout 2020. This mirrors trends observed more broadly since the signing of the R ARCSS in September 2018, as conflict involving signatory parties to the Revitalised Agreement on the Resolution of the Conflict in the Republic of South Sudan  ( R ARCSS )  has in some cases taken more covert forms, involving proxy armed elements supported by political and military stakeholders, vying for land, natural resources and political influence.
South Sudanese women and girls continue to face extreme levels of gender based violence  ( GBV ) , much of which goes underreported, with limited availability of lifesaving GBV response services to survivors. Ninety seven per cent of the reported GBV incident survivors were female.
The first case of COVID 19 in South Sudan was confirmed on 5 April 2020, since which point a further 2,211 cases have been confirmed as of 21 July 2020, with 45 deaths.
Armed clashes between the National Salvation Front  ( NAS )  and South Sudan People's Defense Forces  ( SSPDF )  have resulted in several civilian casualties in Central Equatoria, as well as disrupted humanitarian assistance to vulnerable populations in recent weeks.
FAO's strategic response in South Sudan is aligned to FAO's global strategy in addressing the impact of COVID 19, contributing to the overarching outcome of maintaining the provision of critical assistance where there are already high levels of food insecurity, while meeting needs emerging from the effects of shocks and crises.
Up to 900,000 South Sudanese children are afflicted with psychological trauma as a result of witnessing violence or experiencing it directly during attacks on schools or similar violent incidents.
Through WFP's Smallholder Agricultural Market Support  ( SAMS )  activities, approximately 260 mt of locally produced cereals have been aggregated from smallholder famers in Magwi  ( Eastern Equatoria )  and across Western Equatoria for sale to WFP. Commodities procured through SAMS will be used to meet WFP's overall food requirements, especially for school feeding once schools reopen.
To maximize the impact of SCOPE, WFP has extended support to different UN agencies and organisations.
A WFP convoy carrying 1,030mt successfully reached Pibor Town on 15 March. WFP is now focusing on increasing storage capacity in Pibor, to preposition commodities in Gumuruk, Verteth and Lekuangole before the rainy season, to reduce reliance on air deliveries.
Humanitarian organizations scaled up their response for food insecure people in parts of Jonglei, Northern Bahr el Ghazal and Upper Nile.  [ JANUARY 2020 ]
IOM conducted stakeholder mapping across border areas, particularly in Nadapal, Kaya, Nimule, and Renk.
Support to both host and IDPs community with Protection services.
The United Nations Commission on Human Rights in South Sudan noted in August 2019 the lack of progress in establishing transitional justice mechanisms, including the Hybrid Court; the commission for truth, reconciliation and healing; and the compensation and reparation authority, which are to be complemented by customary and other community centred mechanisms. It argued that this would delay accountability and reparation for crimes, including those related to conflict related sexual violence and sexual and gender based crimes
While IOM has responsibility for camp management, they are not permitted inside the PoC during the hours of darkness. UNDSS, which has staff in the form of professional fire officers, UNPOL, and the ability to mobilize the QRF and operate at night in the PoC, do not see it as their responsibility.
In Wau, five permanent handwashing facilities in Wau Eastern Bank Market and Suk Hajar Market, Suk Jou Market, Wau Teaching Hospital, and Eastern Bank remained fully operational, benefitting 23,522 individuals  ( 6,350 girls, 6,116 boys, 5,646 women, 5,410 men )  during the reporting period. The trained handwashing teams continue to operate and maintain the handwashing stations.
Food insecure: 6.4 million  ( 2020 )
Education cluster members' response to rehabilitate schools and restore learning services is however limited. Few schools were supported with handwashing facilities and emergency latrines. No major intervention is taking place.
In November, UNHAS transported 5,000 passengers and 151 mt of light cargo to 55 destinations across South Sudan.
32 patients received experimental therapies by Health Cluster.  [  EBOLA UPDATE IN DRC  ( as of 30th October 2020 )  ]
The use of FSL risk monitoring systems enhanced effective and efficient results based implementation and outcomes on livestock, agriculture seeds, fisheries monitoring over exploitation of fish resources in aquatic habitats by fisher folks through a regulated fishing frequency periods.
In 2020 Measles outbreaks was confirmed in 7 counties which are: Tonj East, Magwi, Bor, Kapoeta East, Tonj South, Wau and Pibor.
Inflation soared to an estimated 43 percent in 2018 with the very high levels sustaining in 2019, driven by a sharp devaluation of the Sudanese pound and fiscal deficit. As of March, 2019 , the overall cost of living remained one of the highest in the world, increasing by 56 percent in March yearon year.
Some of the lessons learnt include:  importance of using treadle pumps for irrigation to enhance crop productivity. Restocking animals and fishery interventions to diversify income sources and food for households, demonstrations plots for collard, amaranthus and cooking demonstration to ensure adaption and purchase of local seeds to reinforce FAO pipeline inputs.
More than 3,200 released children have received support through a community based reintegration programme.
IOM has started the dissemination of COVD 19 related radio messages, combined with protection, gender equality, and GBV mainstreaming, with City FM 88.4, reaching communities in a 280 km radius from Juba. The key agenda in the eighth radio show was the consequences of COVID 19 on mental health and psychosocial wellbeing
The proportion of assessed settlements in Tonj North County reporting adequate access to food increased from 30% in July to 61% in September, likely due to the seasonal harvest. Compared to the rest of counties, Tonj North County had the highest  ( 75% )  proportion of assessed settlement reporting cultivation as the main source of food in September, 36% increase from July. Despite this increase in cultivated food, the presence of IDPs , who are reportedly sharing food resources with the host communities, suggests that food resoures will likely run out quickly.
To reduce the cost and loss of life with similar emergency, it is good to consider the resilience building in order the community get prepared for the same emergency in the future
The most prominent reasons for the dependence of refugees on food assistance include the lack of safe access to land for own cultivation, limited size and poor fertility of land in and around refugee camps, limited access to seeds, tools and assets, limited income generating opportunities in and around the camps, high inflation rate and rising food cost
Then, an estimated 387,000 people in Jonglei and another 141,000 people in GPAA were affected by floods during the rainy season from May to December 2020.
Oral cholera vaccination campaigns are planned to target 72 329 individuals in Bor and 95 838 individuals in Pibor – all aged one year and above that have been displaced by floods.
The cluster anticipates an increase in need for shelter and NFIs support for returnees from current and previous PoC sites and outside the country as people settle in their areas of habitual residence or of origin.
Information about humanitarian needs, vulnerabilities, response gaps and priorities is limited and requires CCS expertise to best support coordinated humanitarian action. Risk communication and community engagement must be prioritized for community understanding and uptake of essential public health measures to prevent and control the spread of the disease.
Out of the nearly 1.8 million IDPs in South Sudan, around 182,000 IDPs live in PoC sites, more than 59,000 IDPs in collective sites105 and an estimated 1.07 million IDPs in spontaneous settlements countrywide.
USD 19.8M funding was requested for the South Sudan Covid 19 situation, only 8%  ( 1.7M )  was funded.
An estimated 2.5 million children and caregivers in South Sudan are most at risk of violence, exploitation and abuse, requiring sustained child protection services.
Frontline staff are trained to ensure COVID 19 measures are mainstreamed and respected in all preparedness and response activities. The cluster and partners are also working with respective clusters to set up hygiene and sanitation facilities in data collection sites, camps and camp like settings. Field operations are maintained at a scale that does not compromise adherence to COVID 19 restrictions and measures.
During the first quarter of 2020, humanitarian organizations provided assistance to some 3.5 million people. That number represented 63 per cent of the targeted 5.6 million people, a 35 per cent increase compared with the number of people who received assistance in the same period of 2019.
During the second quarter of 2020, IOM CTS transported 5,535 metric tons of supplies from the main ports of dispatch to field operations via air, road, and river. Supplies were stored in warehouses in Juba, Rumbek, Bor, Wau, Bentiu, and Malakal, as well as logistics bases in Bentiu and Malakal to enable partners working outside the Protection of Civilian  ( PoC )  sites to respond faster
As well as interrupting educational progress, the school closures also limit access to essential services such as school feeding and health and nutrition programmes; information on disease prevention; and access to clean water and sanitation services.
Through UNICEF support, a total of 18,292 individuals have gained access to basic sanitation facilities through the construction and rehabilitation of latrines in schools and health facilities. In relatively stable communities in Northern Bahr el Ghazal and Eastern Equatoria, community led total sanitation  ( CLTS )  is being implemented as a sustainable approach to promote sanitation and increase the coverage. A cumulative total of 58 villages have so far been triggered in both locations.
The ceasefire held in most parts of the country and overall violence continued to reduce with the formation of the Transitional Government of National Unity in February. This was a significant achievement in the implementation of the revitalized peace agreement and offered hope for the recovery of the country and its people.
The Logistics Cluster rehabilitated a common storage facility in Gumuruk, Greater Pibor, to ensure the humanitarian community can store essential commodities prior to flood response distributions to affected populations.
In response to COVID 19, the CCCM Cluster is preparing for potential outbreaks in displacement sites and ensuring that correct response measures are in place to limit the spread of the virus and isolate those infected.
As the operating environment changes, the CCCM Cluster has developed a Camp Management Operational Guidance to support the camp management agencies in camps and camplike settings on COVID 19 preparedness and response
Some 55,000 teachers and members of school management committees are included in the estimated number of people in need.
It is estimated that only 17 per cent of teachers currently teaching in primary schools are trained.
Maternal mortality has reached and sustained a high of 789 deaths per 100,000 live births, according to 2018 estimates.
During the month, the Logistics Cluster coordinated three humanitarian road convoys, transporting life saving supplies from Juba along the Western Corridor and to Yei.
7.5M people in need  [ data as of December, 2020 ]
Physical access is a challenge in many of the priority counties with many of the roads and infrastructure damaged by flooding. The floods waters are slowly receding; however, insecurity may hinder the delivery of aid to people in need.
In addition , the Cluster provided inputs to the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian ffairs  ( OCHA )  for inter sectoral severity analysis to prioritize the response in 2021.
Following a recommendation from OCHA to postpone non critical physical meetings, coordination meetings are held online for Juba, while physical meetings in field hubs are planned on an ad hoc basis, ensuring COVID 19 preventive measures are respected by attendees. In December, one online coordination meeting was held, attended by 14 organisations.
The combined allocations on health and education made up 6 per cent of the total 2019–2020 national budget.
Some 1,000 people were displaced in Kapoeta East and North counties, Eastern Equatoria, in search of food. Local currency devaluation aggravated food prices and placed an extra burden on people, many of whom were already acutely food insecure.  [ data as of October 2020 ]
In 2010 for example, David Yau Yau, former leader of the South Sudan Democratic Movement Cobra Faction  ( SSDM CF )  ran for a seat in the Jonglei State Assembly but lost the election. 12 In the aftermath of his defeat, Yau Yau appealed to his age set, the bothonya, and rebelled against the SPLA. Despite his educated background and alignment with ‘urban' elites, Yau Yau was able tap into Murle youth's resentment of the earlier SPLA disarmament exercises, which many felt had left them unable to protect their communities and vulnerable to attack from the Nuer.13 When the rebellion eventually ended in 2014, not only did Yau Yau become Governor of the newly created, Murle dominated, former Boma State in 2015 but the bothonya gained prestige and were recognized as a prominent age set amongst the Murle.
WFP, through the Logistics Cluster, as a co lead of the Operational Support and Logistics Pillar of the National COVID 19 Response Plan, continues to coordinate requests for Personal Protective Equipment  ( PPE )  from humanitarian organisations
Within the context of COVID 19, FAO is in the process of developing innovative ways of communicating to ensure continued strengthening of communities' agricultural production capacities.
Scale up provision of humanitarian assistance  ( in kind and cash transfers )  to counties in Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  and above.
WHO and WFP through the Logistics Cluster, as co leads of the Operational Support and Logistics Pillar of the National COVID 19 Response Plan, continue to coordinate requests for Personal Protective Equipment  ( PPE )  from humanitarian organizations working across South Sudan.
Some 60 per cent of the total population either rely on unimproved or surface water sources, take more than 30 minutes to reach the improved water sources or face protection risks if they could access the sources in less than 30 minutes.
The WHO Emergency Medical Mobile Team  ( eMMT )  is currently responding in Pibor through the provision of mobile health and nutrition services to the affected population.
Chiec Teng primary school in Cueibet had no BH for the learners. It was reported that pupils move to Achol Malek which is few kilometers from the school for water
There is to provide NFIs and Shelter materials
The Shelter team also extended support to the Johanniter  ( INGO )  in the rehabilitation of an isolation room in the children's Nutrition Stabilization Centre in Wau. The isolation room was rehabilitated to allow for the proper isolation of COVID 19 suspected patients.
To date, a total of 737,748 people have been reached with critical WASH supplies which include soap, buckets and water purification tablets to reduce the risk of COVID 19. In addition, a total of 102 health facilities are being supported with IPC services.
In mid March this year, South Sudan suspended flights from countries affected by coronavirus, including Egypt and United Arab Emirates. On 25 March, President Salva Kiir issued an order imposing a night time curfew, as part preventive measures against coronavirus. The measure started on March 26.
UNICEF continued to use different approaches and interventions to deliver WASH services including the use of private contractors and NGOs for the rehabilitation of water supply systems in major towns, the construction of new water facilities and machine drilling and the rehabilitation of malfunctional boreholes as well as the setting up of surface water treatment systems where possible.
Use of Cash or Water Vouchers in accessing water services, operation and maintenance of waters infrastructure including sanitation services  ( i.e. desludging ) ; the approach is now being rolled out as part of the COVID 19 intervention in the distribution of NFI.
In addition, UNICEF supports the strengthening of the capacity of registered pump mechanics Associations and manual drillers Associations, particularly in Northern Bahr el Ghazal and Warrap States. They support WASH committees with the necessary technical expertise for the construction of water points through manual drilling technology.
Donor Contributions : Germany   $16.4m Netherlands   $11.2m United Kingdom   $9.0m Norway   $6.4m Sweden   $5.0m Denmark   $4.5m European Commission   $3.3m Australia   $2.5m Belgium   $2.4m Ireland   $2.1m Canada   $1.4m Switzerland   $1.0m Korea   $500k Luxembourg   $414k UNF   $18k  ( South Sudan Humanitarian Fund 2020 )
Up to 900,000 children are afflicted with psychological trauma as a result of witnessing violence or experiencing it directly during attacks on schools or similar violent incidents.
Drug supplies in most of the facilities in Wulu and Cueibet were dwindling, this coupled with increasing levels of malaria and other water born illnesses requires urgent replenishment
Because of unprecedented levels of flooding, crop failure is imminent which will result into lack of food for the affected communities.
Population: 11 million  ( 2019 )
Motoronyo village with the other 4 clusters of villages nearby had limited access to basic services viz, health, nutrition, food assistance, and WASH. This lack of basic services has worsened their level of vulnerabilities to the shocks of flooding.
5.8M acutely food insecure  ( DEC 2020 MAR 2021 )
Lifesaving access to emergency shelter and NFIs needs to be provided immediately to displaced people to prevent further loss of life and increased vulnerability.
In 2020, a severe locust invasion destroyed crops, with knock on effects for food insecurity in 2021, when infestations are expected.
Agriculture, food security and nutrition early warning information systems strengthened and made COVID 19 sensitive.
Percentage of population in severe food insecurity during mid year hunger season, per IPC Jun Aug 2014:34% May Jul 2015: 41% May Jul 2016:40% Jun Jul 2017: 51% Jun Jul 2018: 58% May Jul 2019: 61% May Jul2020: 55% May Jul2021:60%
Today  ( 25th March, 2021 )  the first COVID 19 vaccines arrived in South Sudan. In the early morning hours, a cargo plane with 132,000 doses landed at Juba International Airport. This is the first of several vaccine shipments scheduled to arrive over the coming months to South Sudan through the support of the COVAX Facility.
IOM, in collaboration with the Ministry of Humanitarian Affairs and Disaster Management  ( MHADM ) , organized a one day workshop for MHADM staff on Early Warning and Early Response  ( EWER )  for 30 participants from different ministries, I/NNGOs and UN agencies such as the Food and Agriculture Organization  ( FAO ) , the World Food Programme  ( WFP )  and the United Nations Development Programme  ( UNDP )
In the COVAX delivery there were also 132,500 syringes and 1,325 safety boxes for the safe disposal of syringes.
IOM continues to mainstream COVID 19 response and prevention into humanitarian, recovery, resilience, and development programming.
To date WFP has responded with food assistance to about one million persons while 21 FSL cluster partners have responded with bilateral funding to 46,000 households across 24 counties. Additionally, the cluster is facilitating access to the FAO livelihood emergency fishing kits for three partners  ( SAADO, WWoH & ALSI )  to access IOM/RRF funding to support flood affected population in Ayod, Duk, Twic East and Bor South.
Life expectancy in South Sudan is in the bottom 10 countries in the world  ( 57 years )
The depreciation of the South Sudanese pound in 2020 led to a rise in the cost of food basket, and consequently a rise in the share of food expenditure, leaving households little to no resources to cover non food needs
About 22 per cent of school aged refugee children are out of school.
CCCM Cluster participated in a joint humanitarian mission with UNMISS to Bunj  ( Upper Nile )  to engage military and civil authorities and humanitarian partners on the need to enhance screening at border points.
Only 35 per cent of people have access to safe water.
Main water source  protected 100% unprotected 0%
Livestock restocking was conducted through voucher system for vulnerable households  ( which included: goats, sheep and chicken poultry )  to increase access to livestock, livelihoods and food diversity.
Between July and September 2020, IOM continued to be the largest WASH service provider in the Protection of Civilians  ( PoC )  sites in South Sudan, ensuring that 153,359 internally displaced persons  ( IDPs )  received daily WASH services, including solid and liquid waste management.
In 2018, 102 incidents of recruitment or use by armed forces and groups were reported, affecting 453 children  ( 365 boys, 88 girls ) , 14 per cent of whom were under 15 years of age at the time of their recruitment. A total of 5,988 verified cases of children recruited and used in armed forces and armed groups have been recorded formally from 2014 to the second quarter of 2019 and are creating a high need for disarmament, demobilization and reintegration support.
This year's mass drug administration kicked off with the training of 27 national supervisors and 473 supervisors from the three states. This was followed by training of over 3 000 community drug distributors selected by the communities and subsequent community drug distribution.
At the same time, IOM maintained WASH services and gender based violence  ( GBV )  prevention interventions in urban and rural areas, including responding to conflict affected locations through its Emergency, Preparedness & Response Team  ( EP&R )  teams. IOM continued to support Infection Prevention and Control  ( IPC ) /WASH and Risk Communication and Community Engagement  ( RCCE )  COVID 19 related activities at five Points of Entry  ( Wau, Nimule and Juba International Airport, Abyei and Renk ) , whilst ramping up its support to South Sudan's COVID 19 preparedness and response efforts.  [  between July and September 2020 ]
The FSL cluster engagement with the national RCCE TWG6 is essential to ensure COVID19 messaging is harmonized with that of the Ministry of Health, WHO and UNICEF and that approved materials are cascaded across the country, to cattle camps, livestock markets, milk and meat stores etc.
IOM reached 229,649 individuals with safe drinking water, sanitation and hygiene promotion across South Sudan. In addition, one village in Magwi County  ( Eastern Equatoria State )  was declared open defecation free. In total, during this quarter, IOM reached 3,701,746 individuals with WASH services across South Sudan.
At least 34,712 people affected by floods in Mundri West and Mundri East counties receive emergency assistance. On 26 October, FSL partners delivered 79 metric tons of emergency food assistance to 34 712 people affected by flooding. A total of 22 196 people in Mundri West County and 12 516 in Mundri East County were targeted.
According to UNMISS ( United Nation Mission in South Sudan )  reports, Yei in Central Equatoria remains a major hotspot of conflict related sexual violence, followed by Unity State. Brutal rapes including gang rapes, have been among the violations committed by armed forces and groups during cattle raids in Warrap and Lakes states.
Hunger threatened over half of the nearly 12 million people living in South Sudan. Between February and April, 6 million people were projected to be acutely food insecure, according to the Integrated Food Security Phase Classification  ( IPC )  report released in February. This was an increase of 700,000 people from the 5.3 million who were acutely food insecure in January. Over 40 per cent of counties would be in the emergency phase of acute food insecurity  ( IPC Phase 4 )  or worse. Worryingly, some 20,000 people were estimated to be in catastrophic food insecurity in the flood affected areas of Akobo and Duk counties in Jonglei.
It is estimated that more than 70 per cent of newly displaced people outside Protection of Civilian sites and collective centres are unable to meet their basic household needs and will require a humanitarian intervention.
People identified with emergency shelter and NFIs needs in 2021 include displaced people, returnees and 2.5 per cent of host communities.
No formal and informal community services and structures  ( CMR, PSS and Legal services )
Severity of humanitarian access by county in 2020: 5 counties with high access constraints, 39 counties with medium access constraints, 34 counties are accessible or with low access constraints.
Funding for critical protection case management and referral services, including child protection and GBV, as current funding ends soon.
In addition, in 2020, high level of stress, loss of friends and family members are taking a toll on mental health and emotional development of children, further exacerbated by the COVID 19 outbreak
With continues rainfall in the areas and in Jonglie state, livelihood have been disrupted for both communities
Most of the IDPs are women and Children, they are made to head the family with no security and livelihood support.
Health and Nutrition services are available in both Muni and Tombek and these are PHCU and PHCC respectively.
Data from WBeG indicates a strong awareness of COVID 19 symptoms, transmission factors and prevention methods. There is a reportedly robust understanding that the virus disproportionately affects the elderly and that social distancing and hand washing are currently the only effective preventive measures
Women and girls have reported lacking dignity kits
Implementing partners & donor: ACROSS  ( PMU )  and its success: Establishment of kitchen gardens, training on basic skills of agriculture to nutrition workers, volunteers, and mother support groups who in turn trained families of malnourished children in Lainya.
Fifty nine per cent of South Sudanese report signs of distress including depressive symptoms. Displaced and conflict affected people experience elevated levels of psychological distress
Total numbers of IDPs in South Sudan is 1.6 million
US$ 210.7 m six months  ( May – October ‘20 )  net funding requirements
The food consumer price index in March 2019 was much higher at 82 percent while that of alcoholic beverages and tobacco reduced by 54 percent when compared to the same month in 2018. Notably, there was a slight reduction in the overall cost of living between July October 2018 following increased oil production and decline in fighting following the signing of a new peace agreement in September 2018, combined with seasonal harvests brought temporary relief to consumers. However, these gains were short lived, as the food prices resumed increasing from December 2018.
There is no support for the people with special needs.
South Sudan continues to face a political crisis which manifests in part in violent conflict and insecurity associated with an economic crisis and a serious and protracted humanitarian crisis.
On 27 March, the President established a new security mechanism, the National Transitional Committee, to coordinate and implement the transitional security arrangements. The mechanism took over the outstanding tasks of the defunct National Pre Transitional Committee.
Areas of greatest concern that need an urgent scale up in food assistance include Pibor, Bor South, and Twic East of Jonglei; most counties in Warrap; Rumbek East and Rumbek Centre of Lakes; and Maiwut, Renk, Manyo, Panyikang, and Malakal of Upper Nile.
Even prior to the crisis, total health sector staffing stood at 10 per cent of actual need. Out of approximately 2,300 health facilities that provide health care services to the entire population, more than 1,300 facilities are non functional.
( 13th March, 2020 )  Screening at IOM Managed PoE Sites: Screening at Juba International, Nimule, Wau and Yambio Airports. Suspension of direct flights from affected countries. Restriction of travel and social gatherings.
The FAO, the government of South Sudan and the food security cluster partners  ( Caritas L, Caritas S, Concern Worldwide, Samaritan's Purse, Save the Children, World Vision, Sudan Evangelical Mission )  are working together to respond the locust invasion in the country.
The intra Nuer conflict in Maiwut continued, with civilians drawn into both military clashes and communal violence. Forces loyal to Major General Ochan Puot and SPLM/A IO remained positioned in strategic locations and engaged in sporadic clashes, in breach of their ceasefire commitment.
7.24 million people facing acute food insecurity from April to July 2021  ( IPC )
While no borders are formally closed to humanitarian cargo, these disruptions may create serious issues once heavy rains begin in earnest in June, closing off large areas of the country. Within South Sudan, the Western Corridor trade route is at greatest risk of market disruption and the spread of COVID 19. Running northwest through South Sudan, this road route includes numerous key markets  ( Aweil, Juba, Kuajok, etc. )  and a cluster of other large Northern Bahr el Ghazal markets.
1.60 million Internally Displaced People.  [ data as of October 2020 ]
2.19 million South Sudanese Refugees  ( who left South Sudan )  [ data as of October 2020 ]
301K Refugees in South Sudan  ( who came to South Sudan )  [ data as of October 2020 ]
125K IDPs in Protection of civilian sites  [ data as of December, 2020 ]
4.1 Million children in need of humanitarian assistance  ( UNICEF HAC, December 2019 ) . 7.5 Million people in need  ( OCHA, HNO November 2019 ) . 1.7 Million IDPs  ( OCHA HNO November 2019 ) . 2.24 Million South Sudanese Refugees in neighboring countries.  ( UNHCR Regional Portal, South Sudan Situation 30 September 2019 ) .
1.62M Internally Displaced People {data as of December, 2020 ]
1.4M malnourished children  ( Jan Dec )
The latest numbers show that more than 580,000 people have been affected by flooding in areas along the White Nile River since July 2020. Over 80 per cent of the people affected by the flooding are in Jonglei, Lakes and Upper Nile states. Many of the people affected and displaced have moved to higher ground near their homes and plan to return once the river dykes are repaired and the flood waters recede. However, reports are showing that river levels are still rising
14 S NFI Cluster partners supported.  ( IOM SOUTH SUDAN Core Pipeline 2020 | Quarter 2 Report )
Health: 100% respondents preferred private clinics for severe conditions and government facilities for mild conditions • 60% of the respondents talked in the order of diarrhea, fever and cough as the common conditions • 75% of respondents complained of receiving insufficient mosquito nets during recent mass distribution. ( Aug 2020 )
Poor access to clean water, hygiene and sanitation services combined with high levels of food insecurity compromises people's health and nutrition conditions across South Sudan and contributes to one of the highest child mortality rates in the world. Some 70 per cent of households report members affected by a water or vector borne disease. Lack of access to water has led to tension and conflict between communities over competition of already scarce resources
An urgent service for children, women and girls, PSNs is needed.
In Pibor, one aid worker was killed in February at a roadblock manned by unknown armed youth, bringing the number of aid workers killed in South Sudan since the conflict began in 2013 to 116.
Forty one per cent of South Sudanese households access their water from an unimproved water source. The highest proportion of households relying on surface water are in Upper Nile, followed by Jonglei and Central Equatoria. Every fifth person is unable to collect enough water for drinking, and every third reports insufficient access to water for hand washing. The availability and quality of water have shaped how households prepare food, which influences the nutrition status of families. Only 35 per cent of households have access to an improved water source in under 30 minutes without facing any protection concerns and 35 per cent of households take more than 30 minutes round trip to collect water as reported by key informants.
As of 31 May, $487 million had been secured against the $1.54 billion requested for the 2020 Humanitarian Response Plan.
28,980 of women and girls reached with MHM kits.  ( IOM SOUTH SUDAN Core Pipeline 2020 | Quarter 2 Report )
Humanitarian needs are high in these counties: in Nyirol, 80 per cent of the county population is in need; in Longochuk, that is the case for 75 per cent of the population; and in Baliet, 65 per cent of the county population are in need. Terekeka, Kajo Keji and Nagero have 55 per cent, 54 per cent and 44 per cent of county populations in need respectively