nlp-thedeep/humsetbias huggingface dataset:
The humanitarian community, including the dedicated task force on access, is using the strategy and accompanying action plan to guide its priorities and coordinated approaches to many of the impediments to access.
Due to the heavy April rains, water availability and access are generally good, with free water available through natural sources. As a result, the price of a 20 liter jerry can is 30 percent below the five year average in Northeast.
In northern and central areas where the number of livestock giving birth is below baseline levels due to lower herd sizes, total milk availability improved this season but remains below average. In most southern regions, milk access is near normal. Medium rates of livestock conception took place between April and June in most areas, driven by the favorable gu rains and vegetation and seasonal herd dynamics.
As the leading UN agency for border control and psychosocial care, IOM is conducting capacity building training on COVID 19 prevention and treatment and distributing medical equipment, supplies and hygiene kits. IOM is also deploying Somali expatriate medical experts to fill gaps in health facilities across the country.
Just before the Eid festivities ending Ramadan, IOM launched #SomaliaResponds in partnership with the Ministry of Health, an individual giving campaign to raise funds and support the De Martino Hospital and other medical facilities in Somalia. The goal is to raise USD 100,000 to buy the necessary equipment and supplies to meet the needs of those affected by the disease.
There is an imperative need for CCCM service providers to install inclusive and accessible Complaint Feedback Mechanisms  ( CFMs )  that consider preferences that women and persons with disabilities may have in accessing such services.
The growth in gross domestic product  ( GDP )  was estimated at an average rate of 2.8 per cent in 2018 and 2019, compared to 1.4 per cent in 2017. Around one fifth of Somali households receive overseas remittances, which represents an important source of income and drives some financial sector enterprises.
The Risk Management Unit developed a collaborative risk management strategy for Somalia stakeholders, which was validated by a multiparty working group on risk in August.
Some people are also subjected to physical violence during the eviction process. Most IDP sites are overcrowded and are not planned leading to increased risk of fire outbreak, GBV incidents and flooding due to absence of or poor drainage system. A recent rapid study conducted by NRC in 36 IDP sites in Baidoa reveals that the average usable surface area per person is only 12 m2  ( range: 3m2 to 38 m2 )  compared to the 45 m2 of minimum recommended usable surface area. A lower available surface area indicates that the space for essential services, roads and firebreak is either unavailable or limited and the site is overcrowded.  ( Lower Juba ) , BeletWeyne,  ( Hiraan ) , Cabudwaq  ( Galgaduud ) , Gaalkayo  ( Nugaal ) , Garbahaarey  ( Gedo )  and Laas Caanood  ( Sool ) .
The protection crisis in Somalia exposes children  ( displaced and non displaced )  to various threats. Without the protective environment that schools provide, children are at increased risk of recruitment into armed groups, sexual violence, abduction, child labour and early marriage.
In addition, 468 radio and TV spots were broadcast and 66 sound trucks were deployed to 1,095 villages with low radio and TV coverage. Challenges through refusals to participate were experienced as part of the campaign with the main reason cited being people's fear of the process due to misconceptions related to the wearing of face masks by frontline workers during the campai
In September, UNICEF continued supply of emergency water to vulnerable internally displaced people  ( IDPs )  and host communities affected by conflict and flash flooding providing access to safe drinking water through water trucking activities in Middle and Lower Shabelle, Lower Juba and Hiraan regions. In addition to the emergency water trucking, UNICEF through partners conducted daily chlorination of 3 main boreholes and 14 shallow wells that serves IDPs, host communities, returnees and agro pastoralist communities in these regions affected by flooding.
To support more sustainable water sources, UNICEF supported rehabilitation of the 13km water supply pipe system in Qardho district in Puntland and four districts in Banadir region improving access to clean water to 125,000 people in the two regions.
The protracted nature of the crisis, the fragile governance system, and prevalence of clan related conflict remain a significant obstacle for the implementation of durable solutions and to long term recovery, leaving in their wake a population that continues to rely extensively on the humanitarian community to maintain adequate and decent living standards.
During September the C4D section supported the first round of the mOPV2 Campaign for south central areas which was held from 20 23rd September 2020. Over 1,036,090 people were reached via 170,000 house to house visits, 769 mosque announcements and 3,374 Madrasa preaching sessions. Furthermore, a total of 1,695 community mobilizers, 80 Social Mobilization Network  ( SOMNET ) , 30 National Islamic Advisory Group  ( NIAG )  and 240 nomadic elders were deployed to support the mOPV2 campaign awareness activities.
Also, a draft MARA report January – August 2020 shows increasing incidence of Gender Based Violence ( GBV ) among adolescent girls.
In September 2020, 15,755 children were treated with severe acute malnutrition  ( SAM )  in UNICEF supported programmes. Although in the third quarter it was observed that admissions had reduced, this was in line with the trend of 2019 cases. For September a slight increase was seen; however, this is also in line with the trends of previous years. The number of pregnant and lactating women reached with preventative services through supplementary nutrition services was 21,340 for September. The primary caregivers of children under two years receiving appropriate counselling on infant and young child feeding reached in September were 93,561 and surpassed the annual target by 13.4 per cent.
Non renewal of the humanitarian exemption would result in donor reluctance to fund humanitarian operations, and even incremental increases in donor risk aversion would have a significant adverse impact on the ability to deliver assistance.
The suspension of aid would result in the greater likelihood of additional displacement, including potential refugee flows into neighbouring countries, as well as internal displacement towards urban, government controlled areas that are already underresourced and have inadequate basic services.
To address those issues, the humanitarian country team endorsed a revised COVID 19 response focused access strategy in April. The strategy provides guidance for the effective coordination of humanitarian access issues and access related activities in the context of COVID 19 related restrictions; for strengthening a common analysis of information, challenges and opportunities related to access; and for the preservation of humanitarian access and principles as a shared responsibility among humanitarian actors, Member States and all parties to the conflict.
In that context, United Nations organizations supporting humanitarian, development and peacebuilding efforts in Somalia have intensified their collaboration to overcome challenges.
Humanitarian organizations in Somalia continue to strike a balance between addressing their security concerns and ensuring the effective and principled delivery of assistance.
Civilians continue to be victims of armed operations between government forces, their allies and non state armed groups, as well as intercommunal violence. The reported impact of armed conflict and violence has increased in 2019, with a total of 1,005 civilians affected as of 31 July  ( 384 killed and 621 injured  ) , an increase of 32 per cent compared to the same period in 2018.
In addition to their impact on affected organizations, the security challenges across the country also directly affect people in need of assistance and protection, as several humanitarian organizations decide to scale down or suspend operations when access to contested and sieged areas is hampered by ongoing hostilities.
Negative coping mechanisms, including child labour and child marriage have been reported, with boys at higher risk of recruitment into armed groups.
The COVID 19 pandemic is disrupting learning for nearly 1.2 million children and adolescents across Somalia and putting further stress on an already fragile education system.
Findings from the JMCNA indicate that women and girls among IDPs  ( 63 per cent of the interviewed households )  and host community  ( 72 per cent )  were aware of where and how to seek services for GBV incidents. However, only a small percentage of IDPs  ( 14 per cent of the interviewed households )  and host community  ( 13 per cent )  members use the referral pathways. The low utilization of the referral pathways could be attributed to prevailing stigmatization of GBV survivors and lack of information.
173,000 people have been evicted from IDP sites between January and August 2019. The majority of those live in Banaadir  ( Deynile 89,000 and Kaxda 49,000 )  and Baidoa  ( 19,000 ) , followed by Afgoye, Hargeisa and Bosaso. Out of the 374 eviction incidents, 311 occurred in areas where there was no written agreement between the community and the landlord. In nearly all cases the eviction was carried out by private land owners  ( 336 cases ) , forcibly evicting people because of land development opportunities  ( 261 cases ) .
Moreover, conflict, threats, attacks against aid workers, and economic decline have all severely impacted the provision of lifesaving nutrition and health services.
[ Specific locations assessed Baidoa, Mogadishu, Galkayo ] Sanitation surrounding the household was found to be of concern as three quarters of households  ( 75% )  reported environmental sanitation problems around their homes. The most commonly reported issues were solid waste  ( 43% )  followed by fecal matter  ( 25% ) , stagnant water  ( 24% ) , decaying organic matter  ( 15% ) , and rodents  ( 7% ) .
The 2019 Gu' cereal production in southern Somalia is estimated at 41 000 tonnes, including 6 900 tonnes of off season harvests of late August/September. The total cereal harvest in southern Somalia is the lowest Gu harvest since 1995 and 68 percent below than the long term average for 1995 2018. The decrease in cereal stocks is triggering increases in the price of sorghum. As such, livestock to cereal and wage labor to cereal terms of trade are exhibiting a downward trend.
The humanitarian situation is reportedly dire in rural areas of districts where the security situation and presence of armed groups does not allow road movement of humanitarian supplies or personnel.
Heavy flooding in Hirshabelle State has worsened the condition of the roads connecting Mogadishu to Central Somalia, particularly to Jowhar, and Jowhar to Belet Weyne, and temporarily closed Belet Weyne airstrip from 26 to 31 October
More than 2.6 million are internally displaced due to conflict and climatic shocks, the majority living in 2,300 congested settlements, often at risk of eviction by landlords in violation of their right to housing and property.
In Kismayo, UNHCR handed over to the Ministry of Minerals, Energy and Water three boreholes, with installed solar panels to generate electricity for water pumps, generator with control rooms, water kiosks with elevation of water tanks, fence and pipes. Constructed boreholes will enable Jubland to provide water to the integrated settlement comprised of IDPs, Somali refugee returnees and the host community in Madina and Midnimo villages.
Alongside areas controlled by Al Shabaab or ISIL, there are areas that are contested and where civilian movement is nearly impossible as a result of regular and active hostilities or military operations. In such areas, which are often rural, civilian populations remain despite active hostilities or heightened insecurity owing to a lack of resources and a fear of being discriminated against or even prosecuted for trying to reach safer areas because of clan or other presumed affiliations
Road access along the Mogadishu Afgooye Baidoa route continues to be severely constrained owing to the mounting demands of, and extortion by, “State affiliated armed groups'  ( that is, groups affiliated with the national Government ) , clan militia, criminal groups and Al Shabaab. According to local communities, Al Shabaab has continued to increase its fees along some stretches of the Mogadishu Baidoa and Mogadishu Jawhar routes.
Individuals identified to be the most at risk, that usually require specialized life saving assistance, as well as interventions to mitigate further exposure, include: persons with physical, sensory, intellectual and mental disabilities, adolescent girls and boys, pregnant and lactating women and girls, female and child headed households, unaccompanied and separated children, persons from minority and marginalized communities, older persons without caregivers, persons facing eviction, persons missing documentation, and persons living in areas with armed conflict and violence, or in areas affected by natural disasters.
Conflicts and shocks have severely impacted families' access to milk, which is a major source of nutrition for children in cattle keeping and agro pastoralist parts of the country. Somalia has one of the world's highest under five mortality rates at 122/1000 live births. The risk of childhood mortality is highest in the neonatal period, accounting for approximately 45 per cent of deaths among children under age five.
The forced evictions of IDPs from self established settlements destroy significant investments made by humanitarian organizations to facilitate access to basic services, including the establishment of water points and other sanitation facilities, shelter, healthcare centres and education facilities
[ Displacement ]  Top three reported reasons for leaving previous location were Lack of livelihood opportunities/job  ( 25% ) , Actual conflict/ fear of conflict in community or surrounding area  ( 24% )  and Drought  ( 22% ) .
Parties to the conflict have impacted telecommunication services by ordering service providers to terminate services or attacking, destroying and damaging telecommunication infrastructures. Disruptions to telecommunication services have affected some humanitarian programmes, including the provision of cash assistance and remote monitoring through call centres.
Peoples' access to humanitarian aid, as well as humanitarians' access to affected populations, remains a major challenge in Somalia. Severe logistical challenges and insecurity along main supply routes across an estimated 42 districts in central and southern Somalia also hinder the transportation and availability of essential commodities and supplies.
The social economic survey  ( over 200 respondents )  made by GIZ in 2019  [ about Housing, Land and Property ] does not show a noticeable improvement  [ from a report in 2018 ] . House types are classified as Scanty or shack  ( 50% ) , Villa with compoound  ( 33% ) , Single room  ( 12% ) , Flat/multistorey  ( 4% ) .
There are important government held towns in Hirshabelle, Jubaland and South West which are difficult to reach, as they are sieged by AS. The armed group often confiscates or destroys supplies, or attacks suppliers, ambushing them, killing them and/or levying high fines on them. As a result, aid agencies must access besieged towns by using more expensive air transport with smaller cargo volume transportation capacity. The insecure environment also restricts the ability of civilians to safely seek assistance.
Top three reported reasons for coming to current location were: No conflict  ( 56% ) , Availability of work/ income opportunities  ( 40% )  and Presence of food distribution/food aid  ( 25% ) .
[ HEALTH LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  29% of the household found with health living Standard Gap  ( LSG ) . 2% found to be very extremely+ severe, 7% extreme severe, 20% severe, 8% stress, 63% no or minimal.
[ WATER, SANITATION & HYGIENE  ( WASH )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ] 92% of IDP settlement and 70% of non IDP settlement households found with a WASH Living Standard Gaps  ( LSG ) .
[ WATER, SANITATION & HYGIENE  ( WASH )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Proportion of households of IDP settlements reporting not having sufficient water for the following purposes were Not enough water for cooking, bathing, washing, and other domestic uses  ( 33% ) , Not enough water for domestic purposes only  ( 38% ) ,Not enough water for personal hygiene only  ( 48% ) .
Somalia has one of the world's highest rates of under five mortality at 177/1000 live births  ( IGME, 2020 ) . Over a Somali woman's lifetime, she will face a one in 14 chance of dying from complications related to pregnancy or childbirth – the sixth highest lifetime maternal death risk  ( 692 deaths per 100,000 live births )  in the world  ( SHDS, 2020 ) , despite most maternal deaths being preventable.
[ WATER, SANITATION & HYGIENE  ( WASH )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Proportion of households of non IDP settlements reporting not having sufficient water for the following purposes were Not enough water for cooking, bathing, washing, and other domestic uses ( 42% ) , Not enough water for domestic purposes only  ( 17% ) ,Not enough water for personal hygiene only  ( 66% ) .
The latest food security and nutrition assessment found that delayed and erratic rainfall distribution in October to December 2020 resulted in below average showers across most of Somalia. This led to inadequate replenishment of pasture and water resources and below average crop production.
[ HEALTH LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  31% of IDP settlement and 26% of non IDP settlement households found with a health Living Standard Gaps  ( LSG ) .
The nature of the pandemic and some of the measures used to control it have increased vulnerability especially to gender based and interpersonal violence, and for elderly persons and persons living with disabilities in their access to care.
Devastating consequences of floods, possible outbreak of the COVID 19 pandemic in IDP settlements, and infestation of desert locusts further deteriorates the living conditions of persons of concern and causes risk of new internal displacements.
Cyclical climate shocks and ongoing conflict are challenging traditional rural livelihoods and contributing to growing numbers of urban poor and internally displaced people in Somalia. An estimated 2.6 million women, men, girls and boys are currently displaced, with IDPs constituting 30 per cent of all Somalis in IPC 3 and 4 requiring lifesaving assistance in 2021. In addition, many urban poor continue to face moderate and large food consumption gaps.
A report in 2018, based on survey of 347 household covering Kismayo residents and displaced communities in different parts of the city, indicated that housing condition in general was quite poor throughout the city. The situation was remarkably worse among the displaced population, with a great majority living in emergency or temporary shelters . In comparison, the host community is slightly better placed, with 54% of households live in permanent or semipermanent structures.
The use of cash and vouchers have also been increased  ( by partners ) , and market based programmes have become a valid alternative option to abate COVID 19 restrictions and promote local markets.
Despite these achievements, the response from WASH partners is constrained due to funding gaps and un addressed gaps still exist in water supply, sanitation and essential hygiene supplies critical for COVID 19 prevention.
Kismayo General Hospital is the main health facility in the city. It provides both general and emergency services to the city residents and people from the rural areas and the urban periphery
Food security projections signify a dramatic deterioration with 2.7 million being in IPC 3 or worse  ( April to June )  and then surging further to 3.5 million for the period July September.
Somalia also instituted fiscal measures aimed at increasing the health sector budget to help fight the pandemic at both Federal government and member states, utilizing concessional financing to strengthen the healthcare system already constrained by lack of resources. The authorities expanded the safety net programs to cushion the poor and most vulnerable households.
[ PROTECTION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  The main driver of protection LSGs was found to be*: • Households reporting having experienced movement restrictions in the 30 days prior to data collection  ( 5% ) .
[ EDUCATION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  62% and 46% of households of IDP settlement and Non IDP settlement reported all school aged children in their household who were previously attending school are continuing learning activities remotely since schools have been closed.
Non displaced rural people are also at risk of increased food insecurity. Anticipated drought conditions will particularly affect pastoralist and agro pastoralist communities, which are considered the most vulnerable groups within the non IDP category, with about 60 percent of Somalia's population being pastoralists whose livelihoods depend on rainfall.
[ MUTLI SECTORAL NEEDS ]  Among households with multi sectoral needs, highest need was of Education  ( 91% ) , followed by Shelter  ( 87% ) , WASH  ( 79% ) , Nutrition ( 66% ) , Health ( 29% )  and Protection ( 15% )
[ MUTLI SECTORAL NEEDS ]  Among the 99% households found to have an overall MSNI of 3 and above, this score was most commonly driven by extreme LSGs in SNFI, WASH, Education and Nutrition  ( 11% ) , followed by SNFI, WASH, Education, Nutrition and Food security  ( 11% ) , or SNFI, WASH, Education, Nutrition, Food security and Health  ( 11% ) .
Somalia has one of the world's highest rates of under five mortality at 122/1000 live births . Over a Somali woman's lifetime, she will face a one in 22 chance of dying from complications related to pregnancy or childbirth; facing the sixth highest lifetime maternal death risk  ( 732 deaths per 100,000 live births )  in the world; despite most maternal deaths being preventable.
[ CAPACITY GAP  ( CG )  ]  97% of households were found to have at least one Education Living Standard Gaps ( LSG )  and/or a Capacity Gap  ( CG ) . 91% of households were found to have an Living Standard Gaps ( LSG )  in education but no capacity gap in education. 6% of households were found to have both an Living Standard Gaps ( LSG )  in education and a capacity gap in education. 3% of households were found to have no education Living Standard Gaps ( LSG )  but a capacity gap in education.
[ CAPACITY GAP  ( CG )  ]  18% of households were found to have at least one Protection Living Standard Gaps  ( LSG )  and/or a Capacity Gap  ( CG ) . 15% of households were found to have a Living Standard Gaps ( LSG )  in protection but no Capacity Gap  ( CG )  in protection, 3% of households were found to have both a Living Standard Gaps ( LSG )  in protection and a Capacity Gap  ( CG )  in protection, 82% of households were found to have no protection Living Standard Gaps ( LSG )  but a Capacity Gap  ( CG )  in protection.
[ WATER, SANITATION & HYGIENE  ( WASH )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Most commonly reported coping mechanisms used to deal with limited availability of water by household of IDP settlement were Rely on less preferred  ( unimproved/untreated )  water sources for drinking water  ( 17% ) , Rely on surface water for drinking water  ( 15% ) .
[ PRE EXISTING VULNERABILITIES ]  63% households reporting relying on unstable income sources to meet basic needs.
Health: There are 3.9 million people in need of health services .Similarly, 2.3M non IDPs, 1.6M IDPs, 28,000 refugees/asylum seekers, 42000 refugee returnees are in need. Health Cluster key vulnerable groups are  ( 590,000 )  people living with disability, 540,000 children under five, 220,00 pregnant and lactating women, 81000 older persons, 2.5M COVID a risk and affected people . Severity of needs: 75%  ( Severe ) , 19%  ( Extreme )  and 6%  ( catastrophic ) .
UNHCR provides the operational cost for the school in Midnimo settlement, hence allowing access to primary education for 793  ( 425 girls and 368 boys )  IDP and returnee children, and secondary school for 19 students  ( 12 boys and 7 girls )
Access challenges have always limited participation in coordination structures in Somalia, especially for FMS. This crisis and associated restrictions on movement and gatherings, is now forcing a reliance on digital platforms for communication and coordination. This is an opportunity to enhance the digital infrastructure of the FGS and FMS to enable remote work at scale by fast tracking procurement of connectivity equipment and providing training.
In the absence of humanitarian assistance, over 2.7 million people are expected to face crisis or emergency levels of food insecurity by mid 2021, according to the findings of the 2020 post Deyr seasonal food security and nutrition assessment.
Approximately 840,000 children under the age of 5 are likely to be acutely malnourished, including nearly 143,000 who are likely to be severely malnourished.
The median national prevalence of global acute malnutrition  ( GAM )  is currently at 13.8 per cent, lower than in 2018  ( 14 per cent )  and 2017  ( 17.4 per cent )  thanks to the improved coverage of prevention activities However, GAM remains above the 15 per cent emergency threshold in 10 out of the 33 areas affected by below average rainfall in 2019, with the majority of malnourished children cases  ( 51.7 per cent )  concentrated in six regions. This is further compounded by a lack of basic sanitation services. GAM is also reported at above 15 per cent in three out of the 13 areas hosting IDPs: Gaalkacyo  ( 20.2 per cent ) , Doolow  ( 18.6 per cent )  and Mogadishu  ( 16.0 per cent ) , where households struggle to access nutrition treatment and health services.
Bottle feeding is prevalent, with 50 per cent of infants 0 23 months bottle fed. These trends are associated with recurring infections among malnourished children and household food insecurity, resulting in poor or non response to treatment, or mortality if left untreated
WHO declared COVID 19 a pandemic on 11 March 2020. The first confirmed case in Somalia was on 16 March 2020. International flights to and from Somalia resumed on 3 August 2020. As of 12 October 2020, there were 3,864 confirmed COVID 19 cases in Somalia.
31,468 individuals were reached with hygiene promotion activities in Somaliland, South West State, Jubaland, and Benadir regions.
Within Somalia, geographical vulnerability exists for people living in drought or flood prone areas and conflict zones, which continue to characterize the nutrition situation in Somalia. Pockets of GAM above the emergency threshold of 15 per cent were reported in 10 out of the 33 areas surveyed in the 2019 assessment, with the majority  ( 51.7 per cent )  of malnourished children cases concentrated in the six regions of Banadir  ( 14.8 per cent )  Shabelle  ( 11 per cent ) , Bay  ( 8.8 per cent Hiran  ( 6.1 per cent ) , Woqooyi Galbeed  ( 5.6 per cent ) , and Gedo  ( 5.4 per cent ) .
Regarding how the community typically react to cases of sexual violence, 35% answered that by punishing the perpetrator while 31% reported that the community usually punishes the survivor or blamesthe survivor.
In many pastoral livelihood zones, poor households with limited saleable animals will face moderate to large food consumption gaps through mid 2021.
More than a third of IDPs and the non displaced populations reported that education costs, broadly understood to include school materials, tuition, lunch, and other associated costs, are significant barriers to education.
While Somalia has signed the Safe Schools Declaration, there is still a need to ensure proper implementation of preventive and mitigating measures to keep schools safe across the country.
A total of 57% per cent of key informants reported behavior changes in children since the displacement. The most common behavior changes cited 31% noticed sadness and unusual crying and screaming while 21% noted Violence against younger children among others.
The United Nations and Norwegian Refugee Council  ( NRC )  reported 1,092,000 people had been displaced as of late November, mainly due to flooding and conflict.
[ SHELTER & NON FOOD ITEMS  ( SNFI )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Three most commonly reported types of housing, land and property  ( HLP )  dispute reported by households were Disputes about rent  ( including payment )  18% Secondary occupation 11% Rules and processes on HLP not clear 9%
IDP households are particularly vulnerable; with the Gu' 2019 IDP site assessments showing 3 out of 13 areas with reported GAM rates above the 15 per cent thresholds in Galkayo  ( 20.2 per cent ) , Dolow  ( 18.6 per cent )  and Mogadishu  ( 16.0 per cent )  . Indeed, JMCNA findings identify IDP households as having lower access to nutrition and health service compared to non displaced households.
More than 1.3 million people food insecure and 849,000 children face acute malnutrition
In some area's families feel obliged to send their children to serve in clan militias. Some parents and even children themselves consider recruitment as a source of income and a means of escaping poverty
Heavy rains affected most parts of Somalia starting on 20 April 2020, causing overflows in all season and seasonal rivers. Qardho is the Regional Capital of Karkar Region of Puntland State. On 27 April, heavy downpour in Qardho and its seasonal rivers catchments triggered heavy flooding with wideranging impact on Qardho City with a population of 120,000 people  ( approximately 20,000 households ) .
[ NUTRITION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Three most commonly reported types of nutrition barriers reported by households with children were:Unaware that supplements are available 46% Difficulty in enrolling children in 39% Unaware that services are available 34%
Child protection AoR is severely underfunded, operating with less than 20 per cent of caseworkers required to ensure the provision of quality case management services for 41,634 children.
Explosive hazards continue to kill and maim the civilian populations in Somalia, especially children due to their curiosity and risk taking behaviours. In 2019 alone, about 158 children were affected by IEDs while 54 were affected by ERW.
Human resource availability, education, performance, supervision and monitoring are other areas of concern for delivery of quality and equitable MHPSS services, not only in facilities but also in communities
It was also indicated by 4% of the respondent that other causes  [ of UASC children  ]  included death of parents, arrest of caregivers or parents by Al Shabaab and conflict between parents. 43% of the respondents mentioned that the number of children who get separated from their usual caregivers has increased within the last two weeks.
[ SHELTER & NON FOOD ITEMS  ( SNFI )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Three most commonly reported types shelter damage or defects reported by households were Opening or cracks in roof 39% Roof partially collapsed 36% Broken or cracked windows 28%
[ SHELTER & NON FOOD ITEMS  ( SNFI )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Three most commonly reported types of shelter enclosure issues reported by households were Leaks during heavy rain 55% Leaks during light rain 51% Lack of insulation from cold 38%
[ HEALTH LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Five most commonly reported illnesses or injuries household members of non IDP settlements had in the past two weeks prior to data collection were fever ( 15% ) , Diarrhea  ( 4% ) , Cough with fast or difficult breathing  ( 1% ) , skin infections  ( 1% ) .
[ HEALTH LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Three most commonly reported problems encountered when accessing health services or treatment: Cost of services and/or medicine was too high  ( 29% ) , Have not tried to access medical services  ( 28% )  and Did not get qualified health staff at the health facility  ( 16% ) .
[ EDUCATION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  28% of the households of Non  IDP settlements reported that it takes less than 15 minutes to reach to the nearest education facility while 37% and 1% of the households of IDP settlements reported it takes 15 30 minutes and 30 60minutes to reach to the nearest education facility respectively. 3% of the households of IDP settlements reported that it takes 1 3 hours to reach to the nearest education facility. Only 1% of the households of Non IDP settlements reported that it takes more than 3 hours to reach to the nearest education facility.
[ CAPACITY GAP  ( CG )  ]  99% of households were found to have at least one WASH Living Standard Gap  ( LSG )  and/or a Capacity Gap  ( CG ) . 96% of households were found to have a WASH Living Standard Gaps ( LSG )  but no Capacity Gap  ( CG )  in WASH, 3% of households were found to have both a WASH Living Standard Gaps ( LSG )  and a Capacity Gap  ( CG )  in WASH. 1% of households were found to have no WASH Living Standard Gaps ( LSG )  but a Capacity Gap  ( CG ) in WASH.
[ CAPACITY GAP  ( CG )  ]  95% of households were found to have at least one Education Living Standard Gaps ( LSG )  and/or a Capacity Gap  ( CG ) . 88% of households were found to have an Living Standard Gaps ( LSG )  in education but no capacity gap in education. 7% of households were found to have both an Living Standard Gaps ( LSG )  in education and a capacity gap in education. 5% of households were found to have no education Living Standard Gaps ( LSG )  but a capacity gap in education.
[ CAPACITY GAP  ( CG )  ]  11% of households were found to have at least one Protection Living Standard Gaps  ( LSG )  and/or a Capacity Gap  ( CG ) . 10% of households were found to have a Living Standard Gaps ( LSG )  in protection but no Capacity Gap  ( CG )  in protection, 1% of households were found to have both a Living Standard Gaps ( LSG )  in protection and a Capacity Gap  ( CG )  in protection, 89% of households were found to have no protection Living Standard Gaps ( LSG )  but a Capacity Gap  ( CG )  in protection.
[ NUTRITION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  100% of IDP settlement and 71% of non IDP settlement households found with a nutrition Living Standard Gaps  ( LSG ) .
Mixed flows/movements activities conducted in July 2020: Through DRC, UNHCR supported 89 vulnerable migrants with assorted kits, and distributed COVID 19 awareness leaflets translated in Amharic, Oromo and Somali to provide information to migrants in Bossaso. The awareness activities reached 141 individuals
[ PRE EXISTING VULNERABILITIES ]  89% households with an age dependency ratio greater than 0.8
[ EDUCATION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  The most commonly reported types of education facilities attended were Primary mixed school for boys and girls  ( 38% ) , Quranic school for boys  ( 25% ) , Quranic school for girls  ( 25% )  and Secondary mixed school for boys and girls  ( 13% ) .
[ PRE EXISTING VULNERABILITIES ]  13% households with a vulnerable primary income earner
[ PRE EXISTING VULNERABILITIES ]  38% households with at least one pregnant and/or lactating woman.
Another 1.2 million people in need of protection are members of host communities, including returnees, who are also facing protection concerns in areas exposed to insecurity and large population movements. They are also at risk of displacement themselves upon exhaustion of other coping strategies.
Somalia's informal economy, based on remittances, foreign imports and agriculture, has been heavily impacted by COVID 19.
[ General household information ]  Two most common sources of COVID  19 information, as reported by households were Health worker at health facility  ( 68% )  and Settlement leaders  ( 33% ) .
[ General household information ] Two most commonly reported preferred sources through to receive information about COVID 19 were Word of mouth  ( 43% )  and Radio / television  ( 39% ) .
Boys and girls continue to endure multiple protection risks and violations of their rights including family separation, GBV, physical abuse, psychosocial distress, child labour, wide spread recruitment and use of children by armed groups, forced displacement, limited access to humanitarian assistance due to insecurity and/or discriminatory practices and exploitation. This situation is exacerbated by the limited availability of basic services, weak governance, negative social norms, and persistent marginalization.
Nearly 82,563 mothers and caretakers received individual infant and young child feeding counselling, bringing the total of those reached since January to 1,039,589.
RCCE resources are outdated and require revision to fit the current context in which COVID 19 is the new normal. New methods for presenting key messages are needed, such as theatrical performances and circulating audio/visual content.
In November 2020, Protection Cluster partners provided COVID 19 related mental health and psychosocial support activities  ( MHPSS )  to 160 individuals  ( 80 women and 80 men )  in Banadir and Woqooyi Galbeed.
Partners continue to provide life saving WASH assistance. In November, partners sustained the continuity of critical activities focusing on rehabilitation/development of key WASH infrastructure in crisis affected areas but also maintained the scale up of essential hygiene supplies and water trucking to avert diarrhoea/cholera outbreaks.
[ EDUCATION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Education LSGs were found to be primarily driven by Households with school aged children who reported barriers to accessing education for boys  ( 82% )  , Households with school aged children who reported barriers to accessing education for girls  ( 80% ) .
Operational challenges pertaining to partnership and registration of beneficiaries have contributed to low coverage in some regions. Lack of access and insufficient funding have resulted in low coverage of response in some area. As of 21 September, the Cluster was less than six per cent funded under the COVID 19 response.
A nationwide shortage of PPE for school children and teachers remains. As per WHO and UNICEF guidelines, children aged 12 years and above are required to use face masks.
The Logistics Cluster has been facilitating dedicated cargo airlifts on behalf of the Government and key humanitarian partners, upon request. This includes transportation of passengers, medical teams and supplies, blood samples and provision of storage facilities
In November, cluster partners constructed 600 shelters in Sir Magabe IDP site in Kahda district to support decongestion
In November, the cluster facilitated the transportation of 26 metric tonnes of COVID 19 related supplies
Nearly 4,600 people received multi sectoral GBV services  ( clinical management of rape, psycho social support, legal, safety and security )  in 22 locations.
There is a need to increase provision of emergency shelters to the affected population.
Locusts have already destroyed 70,000 hectares  ( 175,000 acres )  of farmland in Somalia and Ethiopia, threatening food supplies in both countries in the worst locust invasion in 70 years.
Between 2018 and 2019, WHO's Surveillance System for Attacks on Healthcare documented at total of 9 verified cases of attacks on healthcare in Somalia.
Previous access challenges as a result of COVID 19 restrictions, such as closures of airports, included a lack of available commercial transport options. Airways have since opened up and airports within Somalia are now operational, including the full basecamp lockdown of Mogadishu airport  ( AAIA )  which was lifted on 1 November.
There has also been significant government support between January and August 2020. A Government  ( Banadir Administration )  and WFP safety net in urban areas  ( Banadir )  has reached 125,000 people every month since January 2020. In rural areas, A Government safety net  ( Baxnano/resilience )  reached 264,000 people between January and June 2020.
Humanitarian agencies face serious access challenges due to insecurity, targeted attacks on aid workers, generalized violence, and restrictions imposed by parties to the conflict. Al Shabab imposed blockades on a number of government controlled towns and occasionally attacked civilians who broke them. According to the UN, between January and August, 11 humanitarian workers were killed.
Flooding can cause road access challenges during certain periods of the year rendering some key roads inaccessible. The Cluster has published an updated Flood Affected Roads Map  ( as of 9 November )  and continues to monitor the situation and inform partners accordingly.
Cluster partners reported challenges in the transportation of humanitarian cargo into and within Somalia, due to delays in tax exemption approvals. The delays particularly impacted the dispatch of urgent health items as rapidly as needed.
The mission recommended the need to improve GBV integration into the Health Cluster plans and strategy in 2020, with the Health Cluster strategy for 2020 providing an opportunity to agree on priorities, resources and what the different health programming approaches that can be adopted by health partners to increase their GBV health services.
However, funding per cluster ranged between 19 and 97 per cent. This disparity in funding across clusters has hindered adequate response. The least funded clusters are CCCM and Protection, with less than a third of their requirements met. Other key clusters such as Health, Shelter and WASH have received less than half of their requested funding
Urgent treatment and nutrition support are required for approximately 838 800 children under the age of five years  ( total acute malnutrition burden ) , who will likely face acute malnutrition through December 2021, including 143 200 who are likely to be severely malnourished. Integrated interventions should be provided to support recovery and prevent deterioration in the nutrition situation
[ Recommendations: Support to unaccompanied and separated children ] Strengthen the referrals between agencies providing case management support for unaccompanied and separated children and ensure follow up of cases.
[ PROTECTION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  8% and 7% of households of IDP settlements and Non IDP settlement reported gender based violence  ( GBV )  related incidents against anybody in their community in the 30 days prior to data collection.
[ Recommendations: Preventing and responding to child labour and exploitation ]  Tailored vocational skills development activities for adolescents for whom formal school is not possible.
On 9 November a roundtable was held with 16 participants from across the clusters to discuss concerns that minority and marginalized communities in Somalia are being excluded from humanitarian assistance.
Up to 2.1 million people across Somalia are expected to face food consumption gaps.
[ Recommendations: Capacity building for child protection cadre/workers ] The provision of specialized support to children with disabilities and the mainstreaming of disability across the child protection response.
Displaced persons returning to areas recaptured from Al Shabaab face a lack of basic infrastructure and services, resulting in continued vulnerability
To improve access to safe water, provision of emergency water was concentrated in South Central regions. A total of 860,000 people were reached with emergency water supplies, provided by water trucking/vouchers and routine disinfections of 1,344 shallow wells across south central regions.
[ MUTLI SECTORAL NEEDS ]  100% of both IDP settlement and non IDP settlement households found with multi sectoral needs
[ MUTLI SECTORAL NEEDS ]  100% of the households found with Multi sectoral needs. 25% found to be extreme+ severe, 67% extreme and 8% severe.
Restrictive measures imposed by the Governments to mitigate the spread of COVID 19 intensified the risk of domestic violence.
In April 2020, the Federal Government of Somalia took measures to support the alleviation of the economic impact of COVID 19 on the population. This includes a 100% tax exemption on rice and dates, and a 50% tax exemption on wheat flour and cooking oil issued by the Federal Government of Somalia. At the same time, the Somaliland government also issued a 20% tax exemption on the importation of wheat flour, cooking oil, sugar, and pasta.
UNICEF supported the Ministry of Education in the development of the “COVID 19 Education Response' and the Safe School re opening plans. Through this plan, 141,816 children accessed formal education and life skills based distance learning through television, radio and online platforms.
[ MUTLI SECTORAL NEEDS ]  Among the 100% households found to have an overall MSNI of 3 and above, this score was most commonly driven by extreme LSGs in WASH, Education and SNFI, Nutrition  ( 20% ) , followed by WASH, Education, SNFI and Food security  ( 20% ) , or WASH , Education, SFNI, Nutrition and Health ( 9% ) .
When asked what services exist for children who have lost their primary caregivers, 57% of the KI indicated temporary shelter as the top services that's available in their areas followed by community arranged care at 47% including IDTR services at 32%. Similarly, 10% of the respondents stated that they take the affected child to an agency/NGO that deals with children and specified AYUUB, SOYDA and New Ways NGO as the organization present in the IDP camps.
[ PRE EXISTING VULNERABILITIES ]  91% households with an age dependency ratio greater than 0.8
On 25 November, UNHCR offices across the country kicked off activities for the global campaign on 16 Days of Activism against Gender Based Violence. Events included speeches emphasizing the importance of combatting GBV, role plays, radio programs as well as traditional music and dance performances, engaging a variety of participants from UNHCR, partners, local authorities as well as displaced and host communities.
[ PRE EXISTING VULNERABILITIES ]  8% households with at least one person with a chronic illness which lasted 3 months or longer at the time of the data collection
Women aged 15 49 reported numerous challenges in accessing healthcare during pregnancy and child delivery: 65 per cent reported lack of money; 62 per cent reported the distance to health facilities; and 42 per cent reported the need to obtain permission to access services.
To strengthen identification and prevention of SGBV, advocacy interventions, including mass awareness raising campaigns, reached a total of 3,871 individuals across refugee, IDP and host communities. In addition, 40 members of displaced communities as well as local authorities were trained on SGBV prevention and response.
[ PRE EXISTING VULNERABILITIES ]  9% households with at least one member having lost employment in the three months prior to data collection
Legal assistance, in the form of increasing legal awareness in south central and via legal clinics in Somaliland, was provided to 781 persons of concern, including IDPs, refugees and asylum seekers.
There are underlying issues on social stigma brought about by misinformation and can potentially target vulnerable groups including migrants, displaced communities, people who were affected by COVID 19, especially those with increased protection risks.
Provision of protection oriented support to people with specific needs or heightened vulnerability to 7,800  ( 1,716 girls, 1,560 boys, 2,496 women, 2,028 men )  in Burco Togdheer.
Child Protection AoR partners continued the identification of children with disabilities to ensure their protection needs are met during the COVID 19 pandemic. A total of 1,090 children with disabilities were reached with child protection services.
[ EDUCATION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  97% of IDP settlement and 94% of non IDP settlement households found with a Education Living Standard Gaps  ( LSG ) .
Disease outbreaks such as cholera – with a current outbreak ongoing since December 2017  strain the country's health systems  ( which worsens the situation at the time of the pandemic )