nlp-thedeep/humsetbias huggingface dataset:
As of 28 December, 283 requests from 93 organisations have been approved, allocating a total of more than 3.2 million PPE items from the common pool created by WHO, WFP and IOM, to be received in more than 250 locations across South Sudan.
IOM established two new screening sites with an integrated package of services, including IPC/WASH and risk communication in Abyei and Renk.
None of the learners and teachers were seen putting on face mask as preventive measure for COVID 19.  [ Melut IDP settlements, Upper Nile ] ,  [ 12 13 January 2021 ]
There is a specific concern for elderly and PSN  ( Persons with Specific Needs )  people who cannot sustain theirself in terms of food. They are supported by other community members but do not receive enough food.  [ Melut IDP settlements, Upper Nile ] ,  [ 12 13 January 2021 ]
Sleeping mats: During the FGD's, when asked about the three  ( 3 )  most needed household items, 70% of the participants in meetings and group discussions mentioned sleeping mats, mosquito nets, and plastic sheets.  [ Melut IDP settlements, Upper Nile ] ,  [ 12 13 January 2021 ]
There is no cleaning material available. During the HHs visits, people reported cleaning with ashes as a coping mechanism.  [ IRNA Report:  [ Melut IDP settlements, Upper Nile ] ,  [ 12 13 January 2021 ] |
To carry out a comprehensive mass awareness and Child Protection intervention on child education and early/child marriage, child rights.  [ IRNA Report:  [ Melut IDP settlements, Upper Nile ] ,  [ 12 13 January 2021 ] |
Prioritize distribution of dignity kits  [ IRNA Report:  [ Melut IDP settlements, Upper Nile ] ,  [ 12 13 January 2021 ] |
[ WASH ]  World Vision was running the 5 SWATs  ( 2 in D1 and 3 in D2 )  in Denthoma camps, but the project which was covering incentives for SWAT operators ended in September 2020. As a solution, the SWATs were handed over to community and volunteers have been trained to run the SWATs. The project is still ongoing in Koradar with funding available until March 2021 only.  [ IRNA Report:  [ Melut IDP settlements, Upper Nile ] ,  [ 12 13 January 2021 ] |
Education Cluster will continue advocating with CCCM and ES/Shelter Clusters to provide ES/Shelter materials to enable flood affected displaced populations vacate schools in preparation for the 2021 school season
Deployment of emergency response team and static teams  ( long term perspective ) .  [ IRNA Report:  [ Melut IDP settlements, Upper Nile ] ,  [ 12 13 January 2021 ] |
Due to insecurity, nutrition services in Akop, Awul, Rualbet and Kirrik were suspended and fewer beneficiaries were attending services due to insecurity and making in difficult to trace children and women in the program.  ( Situation Report No. 3, as of 26 February 2021 )
A total of 363 hand washing facilities were established in communities and health facilities and cumulatively 90,105 were people provided with locally fabricated cloth masks to reduce the risk of transmission of COVID 19 by UNICEF.
Internews in South Sudan has now been on the ground for 7 months, providing lifesaving information about the COVID 19 pandemic to at risk and affected populations, including to refugees, IDPs and those living in PoCs.
Feedback from communities across South Sudan indicates that there is an increased level of awareness on COVID 19.
Several people agree that putting on face masks, adhering to physical distancing measures and frequent handwashing as the primary ways of protecting oneself and others against the spread of the virus.
Teenage pregnancy is further linked to lack of health education and services, child marriage, and increased poverty and insecurity.
A team of 15 experts is currently training personnel and sensitizing local leaders and communities on the use of chemicals for control operations in Torit, Magwi, Kapoeta, Ikotos and Lafon.
Control: Ground Control: On 21 May 2020, FAO handed over to the government 2 cars, 100 handheld ultra low volume sprayers, 50 motorized sprayers, 6 vehicle mounted ULV sprayers, protective gears and 16 000 liters∙
UNICEF also provided awareness to parents on how to use the radios and the support to provide to their children during the lessons
125k IDP's in protection of civilian sites  [ Jan,2021 ]
A monthlong partial lockdown imposed on 3 Feb 2021 that entails a ban on social gatherings, closure of schools and other institutions; entertainment places and limiting the number of passengers in public vehicles.
The health cluster partners continue to scale up health response by ensuring access to the primary health services across the six ‘Priority 1'counties through mobile and static facilities. During the past two weeks, over 20 000 consultations were conducted for various morbidities across the six counties.
The Government with the help of international community create awareness, campaign, and availed TollFree Number 6666 to support response however, the public including the religious leader attributed the number to evil encroachment and anti Christ work. This has negatively impacted the response operation of the COVID task force.
Numerous rumors continue to promote the consumption of wild foods, including extensive references to bitter roots and leaves and aribe, gitar, lalob and lulub fruits. While these rumors are present countrywide, acuil, thou and diot fruits were recorded multiple times in Lakes State.
Following the assessments, IOM S NFI and WASH units intervened. The Protection team supported the S NFI and WASH units by mainstreaming protection into their various activities. For instance, the team fast tracked 30  ( 17 female and 13 male )  most vulnerable persons to access assistance i.e. elderly persons, pregnant and lactating mothers, and persons with disabilities.
Funding challenges for protection and WASH partners continue to hamper ability to scale up to meet the additional highly vulnerable caseloads in Tonj South. Following the findings of the inter agency assessment on people displaced in collective sites, the multi sectoral assistance to those displaced will need to be addressed.
Children and adolescents continue to be exposed to multiple protection risks including recruitment by armed groups, family separation, psychosocial distress, sexual violence and exploitation.
On the other hand, some citizens request increased information about the virus, particularly on the new vaccines and other response mechanisms.
Provide water drums to older people to help them improve access to water and hand washing and meet other WASH needs.
The HIV and AIDS programme continued to reach key populations, including female sex workers  ( FSWs )  and their clients, and other vulnerable populations in the PoCs and host community. IOM provided a comprehensive package of services in and outside of PoCs, which include weekly awareness raising sessions, and HIV testing and treatment at Anti Retroviral Therapy  ( ART )  sites within IOM PHC facilities.
Given the recurrent, scale and scope of consecutive years  ( 2019 and 2020 )  of flooding in South Sudan, adequate resources should be allocated for protection services in 2021 to ensure centrality of protection and conflict sensitive approaches are integrated into emergency response.
In Aweli East, around 47% of respondents said that the most commonly reported health issue was water borne diseases
Negotiations should aim to reach an agreement on strengthened constitutional review to negotiate the state's structure  ( explored further below )  and a separate initiative to address longstanding Equatorian complaints, such as the abusive incursions of armed Dinka cattle herders from neighbouring states.
In 2020, nine humanitarian workers have been killed in South Sudan – this is three times the total number of humanitarians who lost their lives in the country in 2019.
Additionally, the UN has announced increasing concern for clashes between the South Sudan People's Defense Forces  ( SSPDF ) , armed civilians, and hold out opposition groups in Warrap, Unity, and Central Equatoria, though levels of political conflict in 2020 remain historically low. The violence occurs amid efforts to move implementation of the peace deal forward and in the context of the macroeconomic crisis, the COVID19 pandemic, and flooding.
A February Integrated Food Security Phase Classification  ( IPC )  analysis estimated that approximately 6.5 million people in South Sudan would experience Crisis IPC 3 or worse levels of acute food insecurity between May and July; IPC partners plan to release an updated analysis in the coming weeks.  ( South Sudan   Crisis Fact Sheet #1, Fiscal Year  ( FY )  2021  )
Concerns gathered by colleagues from Anisa Radio in Yambio   29% of the feedback  ( total of 7 instances )  was requesting change in delivery of services, 43% on misperceptions, and 14% on traditional cures and 14% on the use of face masks.
Old Fanagak and all the villages ;WASH RECOMMENDATIONS ; Provision of water treatment kits like aqua tab, water purifiers.
From the 71 feedback instances collected by partners in Juba – Boda Boda Talk Talk, Advance Youth Radio and Sama FM, most  ( 44% )  were on compliancy challenges with WATSAN measures and face masks, 14% on misperceptions, 14% requested change in aid delivery mechanisms, and 10% on food shortage, 11% on security related issues and 3% thanking humanitarian partners for their work.
While there were reports that people were “talking about coronavirus all the time,' some respondents linked poor health infrastructure and lack of personal protective equipment  ( PPE )  to brewing fear in the community in the event of an outbreak.
Fighting between the Sudan People's Liberation Army in Opposition  ( SPLA iO )  group and a SPLA iO breakaway faction allied with the Government in Kajo keji County, Central Equatoria, forced people to flee to border areas with Uganda. Fighting in Tonj North, Warrap, displaced some 3,000 people and led to civilian casualties. In Lakes, an armed attack on civilians in Yirol East County displaced over 3,000 people while inter communal fighting in Cueibet County also resulted in civilian displacements. By the end of December, 3,558 people were confirmed with COVID 19.
Due to the shortage of funding, food security and livelihoods partners highlight that additional resources are needed for dry season livestock support in Nyocawany, Ayai, Gakorl/Gakrol, Nyieth, NyocawanyII, Panthou and Tar weng payams
With the support of IOM CCCM teams, non governmental organization  ( NGO ) , Action for Development  ( AFOD ) , has been coordinating a multisector response in Hai Masna, including health, shelter, aid item distribution, water, sanitation and hygiene, protection, gender based violence prevention and food security and livelihood support.
In December, CCCM team facilitated a community led leadership election process that resulted in the election of 56 new community leaders encompassing of Block Leaders, Women and Youth Leaders with 46% of the elected leaders being women. New elected leaders were mobilized for a 4 days self management and CCCM capacity building trainings. Additionally, CCCM teams coordinates weekly Governance Coordination meetings, set up community structures and support IDP community in site level activities.
At site level CCCM team runs a Complaints and Feedback  ( CFM )  desk and coordinates a referral mechanism to address IDPs' grievances and provide feedback as a mean of enhancing accountability towards affected population.
World Vision  ( WVSS ) , scaled up multi sector emergency response, assisted 115,000 people  ( 45,500 IDPs and 69,500 host communities )  through Water, Sanitation and Hygiene  ( WASH ) , Agriculture and Food Security  ( AFS ) , Economic Recovery and Market Systems  ( ERMS )  strengthening, protection, and humanitarian coordination activities.
CCCM teams chair bi weekly site level Partner Coordination meetings to discuss issues pertaining to service provision timelines, distribution modalities and gaps, update on site population and needs and address protection concerns. Regular safety audits and site monitoring visits are also carried out to ensure needs based response that is in line with humanitarian and international standards.
In 2020 Measles outbreak is confirmed in 7 counties Tonj East, Magwi, Bor, Kapoeta East, Tonj South, Wau and Pibor. Pibor is the county where Measles transmission is on going. Suspected measles outbreak in Ibba county in eastern equatorial.
Gogrial West, most commonly reported health issues was Malaria  ( 46% )
In January 2021, the monthly population count was conducted at Masna collective centre where 3,860 individuals/882 households were identified and Naivasha IDP Camp with 8,597 individuals/2,539 households.
A total of $3.2 million was secured for 225,000 flood affected people
In Duk, around 62% of households had no recieved any humanitarian aid in the last three months prior to data collection as reported by KIs
Secured funding for 225,000 people in need
Moreover, 46.4  ( ± 5.2 )  per cent of persons with disabilities indicated that they did not feel safe inside their shelter
An estimated 1,042,000 people were affected by floods in eight out of ten states and one administrative area in South Sudan between July and December 2020. Of those people affected, an estimated 480,000 were displaced.
A total of $3.8M is required to meet the needs of affected people living in camps and camp like settings
Moreover, 46.4  ( ± 5.2 )  per cent of persons with disabilities indicated that they did not feel safe inside their shelter. To address these shortcomings, respondents suggested providing inner locking  ( 55.2% )  and providing lighting in or around the shelter  ( 36.4% ) .
Due to high and rising food prices, household purchasing power and access to food continue to decline among urban and pastoral households who depend on purchasing their food and among agropastoral households who have yet to harvest their crops.
Total IDPs:  Juba IDP Camps  ( 1 & 3 )   30,824 Bor IDP Camp  2,017 Naivasha IDP Camp 8,597* Bentiu PoC 95,980* Malakal PoC 33,137*\  [ As of 15 February 2021 ]
Total Deaths  ( IDPs )   ( Covid related ) :  Bentiu PoC 5 Malakal PoC 2  [ As of 15 February 2021 ]
The COVID 19 pandemic has already caused and may continue to catalyse increases in violence by creating a window for opportunistic parties to make strategic military gains or to consolidate power. This crisis has further exacerbated the vulnerability of the most marginalised South Sudanese, laying bare the economic, political, and social fissures in South Sudanese society.
• More than 600,000 people in need of health response.
The Commission notes with grave concern that the pandemic has exacerbated the already fragile humanitarian and human rights situation, including by further restricting fundamental rights and freedoms.
Preventive Measures:  Juba IDP Camps  ( 1 & 3 )   COVID 19 community committee are continuing their mobilization in line with COVID 19 key messages in Juba IDP Camps, a new committee has been formed. Bor IDP Camp  Camp Management continues to disseminate COVID 19 keys messaging at the site to keeps community aware using megaphones, and load speakers. Naivasha IDP Camp  Camp Management continued to conduct door to door and loud speaker awareness raising on COVID 19 to change community misconception on COVID 19. Bentiu PoC Camp Management boosted COVID19 sensitization through all available communication means/channels inside the PoC Malakal PoC Hand washing facilities installed in public places/spaces.  [ As of 15 February 2021 ]
Covid 19 Ready Facility on Site: Juba IDP Camps  ( 1 & 3 )  The design COVID 19 new facility in the Juba IDP Camp has been completed for the treatment of unconfirmed severe cases of COVID 19, however it has not been implemented yet Bor IDP Camp  Due to space limitations in the POC, COVID Ready Facility has been established outside the site in the local hospitals Naivasha IDP Camp Two temporary facilities within IMC & IOM clinics Bentiu PoC  Médecins Sans Frontières  ( MSF )  COVID 19 facility is yet to be completed Malakal PoC  The COVID 19 facility is operational now  [ As of 15 February 2021 ]
IOM in partnership with Inter State Committee on Cattle Seasonal Migration  ( ICCSM ) , conducted a youth conference in Kangi to create peaceful co existence among the youths of Warrap and WBeG states. The conference brought 30 youths  ( 26 males, and 4 female )  from Kuach West and Kwach South of Warrap State together with the youths from the northern part of Jur River County of WBeG State together. As well as including the payam executive directors to witness the conference on behalf of government officials. The team in Wau completed a two day ToT on conflict mediation which targeted frontline peacebuilding actors including cattle migration committees, community peace ambassadors and traditional chiefs. In total, 30 frontline peace actors participated in the ToT.
KEY ACHIEVEMENTS  ( as reported for week 01 June   06 June 2020 )  : 722 hand washing station installed in health facilities and communities and provided with soap or 0.05% chlorine solution  ( 221 completed and 501 ongoing during the week )
Counties with the most significant net decreases in the number of IDPs were Rubkona  (  21,241 ) , Pibor  (  10,217 ) , Yei  (  10,039 ) , Wau  (  9,700 ) , Kapoeta East  (  7,779 ) , Leer  (  7,677 )  and Maban  (  7,240 ) . The main counties witnessing net increases in the number IDPs since round 8 were Terekeka  ( +6,783 ) , ayod  ( +3,438 )  and Budi  ( +2,603 ) .
The counties with the highest numbers of IDPs in new locations are Tonj South  ( 27,887 ) , Uror  ( 24,000 ) , Juba  ( 13,512 ) , Bor South  ( 13,100 )  and Raja  ( 8,981 ) .
DTM teams faced several logistical and access challenges during data collection for round 9, including a delay due to COVID 19 travel restrictions within the country, bureaucratic impediments and insecurity at local level, and widespread flooding.  ( Mobility Tracking Round 9  ) .
• Dry land around some health facilities are being used by communities.
The reasons for inaccessibility included flooding on the road or at the location  ( 33% ) , military presence  ( 31% ) , long distance  ( 18% ) , hard to access locations with no presence of IDPs  ( 11% )  and insecurity  ( 7% ) .  ( Mobility Tracking Round 9 )
The Logistics Cluster also temporarily relocated the Rumbek based helicopter to Bor to scale up logistic service provision for Jonglei.
A livelihood response through the FAO ELRP is currently ongoing in the affected areas. Also a DL Response Guideline was developed by the FSL ,Agriculture Technical Working Group  ( ATWG )  and FAO to guide partners interested in supporting the farmers and pastoralist .
However, insecurity remains throughout pockets of the country, with localized intercommunal conflict, sporadic clashes, and seasonal floods driving many to remain in displacement for the unforeseen future, and conditions for voluntary returns remain elusive. At the same time, voluntary returns have taken place in some parts of the country
102 Pipeline requests honoured and processed. 42 were from S NFI and 53 from WASH  [  IOM UN MIGRATION ]
Secondary transportation of supplies, as well as last mile transportation of staff and supplies to outreach sites were constrained: transport costs shot up due to additional means deployed, such as boats, canoes, tractors, and porters where available.
Twelve  ( 27% )  of the approved S NFI requests were for shelter supplies including plastic sheets, rubber ropes, wooden poles, blankets, and mosquito nets, to support approximately 15,005 households  ( approximately 90,030 beneficiaries )  affected by flooding in Uror, Twic East, Bor South, Ibba, Pibor and Rumbek.
IDPs' period of stay at the sites where they were displaced range between 3 days to 2 weeks
There are no health services due to distance and access to Motoronyo village. A total of 4500 displaced persons access health services in Gulmar PHCU at distance of 26 KM/12 hours walks. No EPI activities in the area
Torit: About 12 percent of the fields visited were recorded to be invaded by locust. Out of the eleven payams visited, only four recorded damage to crops
Shelter and Non Food Items  ( NFI ) : Since the second quarter, NFI needs remained consistent in assessed settlements with mosquito nets  ( 10% ) , plastic sheets  ( 11% )  and blankets  ( 7% )  as the most commonly reported most needed NFIs in September across the state.
34 Counties covered  [ by IOM UN MIGRATION regarding Core Pipeline ]
• A total of 53,658 people in need of general protection response
Further, the protracted plunge of oil prices, the exhaustion of foreign currency reserves, the rapid depreciation of the national currency and the consequent increase in food inflation are reducing people's purchasing power, with a negative impact on food security.
1.3M people reached with food assistance 293,225 people reached with livelihood support
WFP is calling on partners for early and timely contributions to support the prepositioning exercise.
600,000 people need health response
The South Sudan humanitarian emergency is a protection crisis, where lack or absence of a response could lead to life threatening consequences. The psychosocial impact of conflict and other shocks such as flooding and COVID 19 restrictions, is particularly severe on children, women, female headed households and persons with disabilities.
A total of $645 million will be required for activities planned in 2021
The Education Cluster is working closely with the Education Cannot Wait Multi Year Resilience Programme Consortium in South Sudan to bridge the humanitarian and development nexus
Key drivers of food insecurity: conflict; consecutive natural shocks; deteriorating economic situation; severe constraints to humanitarian access. If these factors continue to deteriorate, this would lead to a risk of famine in parts of the country
Dead Body Management:  Juba IDP Camps  ( 1 & 3 )   COVID 19 specific DBM SOP  (  Dead Body Management Standard Operating Procedures  )  finalized and endorsed by all partners. CM to conduct more training to Zone and block leaders on DBM. Bor IDP Camp  COVID 19 specific DBM SOP finalized and endorsed by all partners Naivasha IDP Camp  COVID 19 specific DBM SOP finalized and endorsed by all partners Bentiu PoC  COVID 19 specific Dead Body Management Standard Operating Procedure was endorsed by relevant partners and shared with National CCCM Cluster Malakal PoC  Dead Body Management Standard Operating Procedures endorsed by HST/ICCG  (  Humanitarian Surge Team/ Inter Cluster Co ordination Group  ) , with UNMISS inputs and support, and shared with National Cluster.  [ As of 15 February 2021 ]
KEY ACHIEVEMENTS  ( as reported for week 01 June   06 June 2020 )  : 326 health workers trained in COVID 19 IPC  ( Infection Prevention and Control )  measures
South Sudan's road networks are among the most underdeveloped in the world, although the United Nations and private sector actors have made gains in the past year to improve road movement, enabled by greater security
KEY ACHIEVEMENTS  ( as reported for week 01 June   06 June 2020 )  : at least 45,000 people reached with WASH facility upgrades  ( repairs, rehabilitation and new construction )
KEY ACHIEVEMENTS  ( as reported for week 01 June   06 June 2020 )  : at least 6,000 people reached with cloth face masks distributions in public places
Stocking of vaccines like Penta, Td and BCG reported in Langdit and Bargel PHCU.
KEY ACHIEVEMENTS  ( as reported for week 01 June   06 June 2020 ) : 8 COVID 19 treatment facilities supported with PPE and IPC  ( Infection Prevention and Control )  supplies
All sites of IDPs have knowledge on COVID19 and its preventive measures although they are not practicing them
Most affected areas by measles are Manikakara and Dakiji • Measles follow up campaign by WHO, achieved 99% early 2020
The greatest challenges facing pastoral and agro pastoral households across the country are incidence of pest and diseases  ( 69.4 percent ) , Lack of veterinary services  ( 64.7 percent ) , cattle raiding  ( 32.9 percent )  and lack of grazing pastures  ( 31.4 percent ) .
In comparison with December 2018, households' reliance on agriculture decreased in Central Equatoria,  ( 5.1 percent ) , Unity  ( 7.1 percent ) , Northern Bahr el Ghazal  ( 4.9 percent )  and Western Equatoria  ( 7 percent ) . It however increased by 4 percent in Unity State. Similarly, households' reliance on livestock decreased by 4.3 percent in Central Equatoria, 4.5 percent in Jonglei and Unity and 8 percent in Warrap. Livestock based livelihood increased by 3.9 percent in Upper Nile States. While the proportion of households which relied on food assistance as a source increased in Jonglei by 6.9 percent and marginally in Lakes and Warrap by 1.4 percent and 0.7 percent respectively but decreased in Unity and Western Bahr el Ghazal by 6.5 percent and 4.3 percent respectively  (
the proportion of households with very high food expenditure share decreased by 18.9 percent in Lakes State, 18.1 percent in Warrap, and 7.3 percent in Upper Nile. On the contrary, the proportion of households with very high food expenditure share increased in Western Equatoria  ( 24.5 percent ) , Western Bahr el Ghazal  ( 15.7 percent ) , Central Equatoria  ( 13.3 percent ) , Jonglei  ( 8.4 percent )  and Eastern Equatoria  ( 7.3 percent )  due in part to continuing macroeconomic challenges/inflation, unusually food prices and heavy market dependence to meet food needs.
In addition to the existing 2537 m2 of common storage space, an additional 868.5 m2 of storage was acquired in Juba to provide sufficient storage space for all COVID 19 related commodities. The Logistics Cluster also rehabilitated a common storage facility in Gumuruk  ( Jonglei State )  to ensure partners can store essential commodities prior to flood response distributions to affected populations
UNMISS, UN agencies and international partners also developed a holistic community violence reduction project for Jonglei and GPAA, funded up to USD 8 million by the South Sudan Multi Partner Trust Fund for Reconciliation, Stabilization and Resilience. These projects, which were launched in January 2021, seek to reduce violence by  ( 1 )  supporting the provision of basic services to limit violent resource competition,  ( 2 )  strengthening informal justice systems, including locally driven reconciliatory mechanisms, that are compatible with human rights norms, and  ( 3 )  reducing the economic marginalization of youth and women.
The resumption of clashes in June, involving the Dinka militia, led President Kiir to issue an order on 23 June establishing a 13 member High Level Committee  ( HLC )  to address the root causes of violence in Jonglei and GPAA. No SPLA IO/RM representatives were appointed to this committee.
Murle attacks in northern Jonglei also resulted in the mass displacement of Dinka and Lou Nuer. Humanitarian sources reported that approximately 79,00029 people from these communities were displaced between February and July.
However, support was not always based on ethnic or kinship affiliation. Some members of the security forces reportedly provided material support to community based militias in the pursuit of political interests, regardless of ethnic fault lines. Hence, some Dinka SSPDF and National Security Service  ( NSS )  officers from Greater Bahr el Ghazal reportedly contributed logistical support to Murle elements before their attack on Pieri. Their involvement was allegedly driven by a desire to use the Murle militia to weaken SPLA IO/RM positions.
On or around 28 May, Dinka from Duk and Twic East as well as Gawaar Nuer militias from Fangak, Ayod and Piegi mobilized and converged in Anyidi, in response to the 16 May attacks. A large number of Dinka Bor armed elements joined this attack as well, in contrast to their marginal participation in the February attacks. Their involvement may have been triggered by intra Dinka rivalries and tensions at play in Juba between the Dinka Bor and the Dinka Bahr el Ghazal.15 In this contact and, in particular after the Pieri attack, the Murle may have been perceived by the Dinka Bor as proxies of the Dinka Bahr el Ghazal.
Education authorities do not pay visits to schools often, a majority of times  ( 62% )  only visiting schools less than 4 times a year. This indicates that for the most part, schools in South Sudan are left to their own devices without much oversight and monitoring from the authorities.
Security Situation  ( 01   31st January 2021 ) :  Juba IDP Camps  ( 1 & 3 )   Rising of GBV cases and crimes in both IDP Camps after UNPOL withdrawal Bor IDP Camp  No major security incidents reported Naivasha IDP Camp Street level crime including mugging, snatching bags by criminals continues Bentiu PoC  Security inside PoC continues to deteriorate. Theft and armed intruders recently reported in the PoC Malakal PoC  No major security incidents reported  [ As of 15 February 2021 ]
However, by the early afternoon of 16 May, Lou Nuer armed elements from Motot, Walgak, Lankien and Akobo East arrived to support those already in Pieri and surrounding villages. Additionally, Lou Nuer soldiers from SSPDF Brigade 22 in Waat and SPLA IO/RM fighters based in Walgak arrived to protect the Pieri area. This massive reinforcement led to intense fighting, which forced the Murle militias to retreat towards GPAA. Thereafter, sporadic fighting continued from 17 to 20 May, as Murle armed elements who became separated from the larger group and/or were wounded continued to fight their way back towards GPAA.
At the same time as the attacks in Likuangole, Dinka and Gaawar Nuer armed elements from Twic East, Duk, and Ayod launched their own joint attacks in two groups. The first group attacked BichBich  ( approximately 45 km north west of Gumuruk )  on 18 February, 10 and moved towards Thangnyang village the next day. The second group moved to Pakeny of Kubal West in the Manyabol area11 along the Nanaam river, seizing cattle abandoned by the local Murle population fleeing the violence. On 25 February, these joint Dinka and Nuer armed elements clashed with Murle groups in Pakeny, where the latter were outnumbered and forced to retreat to Manyabol.
In January and February 2020, low scale, rapid incursions led by groups of up to 10 Murle armed elements were reported in counties with a primarily Lou Nuer population  ( Akobo, Nyirol, Uror )  and in counties with a primarily Dinka population  ( Duk and Twic East ) . These attacks exacerbated longstanding grievances amongst the Nuer and Dinka communities, who were already mobilizing armed elements on a large scale against the Murle. This initial mobilization was reportedly prompted by anticipation of President Kiir's imminent announcement of the creation of an administrative area for Greater Pibor and the Murle community.
( UNMISS and OHCHR make the following recommendations  )  Conduct a prompt, effective, independent and impartial investigation into all allegations of violations and abuses of international human rights law in Jonglei and GPAA; and hold to account all individuals at the local and national levels who instigated and/or took part in these violations and abuses.
There are no reproductive health activities, and mostly pregnant mothers have to travel to POC  [ Protection of Civilian site ]  for services. No routine immunization; only IMC  [ International Medical Corps ]  conducts outreach once in a while. Generally, no health services are being offered in those three areas.
There were few text books available with the old curriculum. Most teachers did not have the full set of text books. There was limited usage of teaching aids too. The new curriculum text books were yet to be received. All teaching and learning materials were lost/damaged during the conflict.
In terms of the curriculum, there were no emergency related topics introduced to help learners deal with the effects of emergencies, including gender specific lessons. The mother tongue is predominantly Chollo and Arabic used for the lower classes, while the primary language for instruction is English for upper classes.
Despite the distance from Ogod settlement area, people collect water from the river as it is the main source for drinking water. No other alternative is available owing to a lack of alternative sources of water, apart from river and some swamps. The quantity of water is sufficient for the population. However, the water is highly turbid and prone to high levels of contamination rendering the quality of the water poor for human consumption.
Wau West, has permanent structures consisting of 2 blocks of 8 classrooms and 2 offices, kitchen and store, teachers' quarters, and 2 segregated latrines with 8 stances with no hand washing facilities, and hence poor hygiene. The desks/benches are inadequate for the learners. Most of the structures are in good shape, requiring minor rehabilitation of doors, windows and verandahs. All classes are currently useable and adequate enough to absorb the current population including returnees. The water system  ( with elevated tank and solar system )  is not functional and hence the school depends on untreated water sourced directly from the river about 10 meters away. The school does not have a fence hence intrusion and trespass are common challenges. The school has a nearby health facility which is about 5 minutes' walk.
9% of schools were attacked in Jonglei.
As of 25 January 2021, $13 million has been allocated to the scale up through a Reserve Allocation from the South Sudan Humanitarian Fund  ( SSHF ) . This represents only 19 per cent of the funding needed.
The only source of water in Padiet, Ogod and Pamath is river and surrounding swamp area. In Padiet, the community uses water from swamp owing to the distance between the river and their settlement; there were two swamps with the community sharing one with livestock. In Pamath there are two areas in the river where the community collect and pitch water for drinking
Wau West being the only function school in defunct Ogod County does not have any active Parents Teacher Association body.
In terms of coordination, the school has little support from local education officials following the resumption of teaching activities. Government capacity to provide support remains inadequate. This void has been filled by Education Cluster partner INTERSOS.
There are no psychosocial/mental health support services available for teachers to deal with issues such as sadness and stress. There are no regular meetings; meetings are only called to address a particular issue. The other primary schools  ( Wau North, Padit, Ogod Pamath, and Ogweni )  do not have education authorities on ground
There are currently 10 teachers  ( 1 female, 9 male )  working as volunteers at the school, 6 of whom are paid incentives by INTERSOS with funding support from UNICEF. Because of the little remuneration, teachers' absenteeism is always high and hence learners mostly go unsupervised, although other available teachers fill this gap. The school does not have an active Parents Teacher Association body in place;
All schools stopped operations from early February 2017 to date with the exception of Wau West which was reopened in early 2019
No clear information was given on the numbers of text books and school materials. There is no information on the number of textbooks available per learner. Also, there is no complementary materials like reading and activity booklets although each child has at least some exercise books, pens, and pencil;
While verifying coping mechanisms through communal traditional rites, cultural healing and religious observations, the community indicated that they still carry on with their cultural norms and rituals like marriages, bereavements among others, and due to the economic crisis they continue to face, the community are unable to carry on with most of the cultural rites and rituals. The only traditional practice being conducted is bereavement.
The health team reported some cases of people with severe mental disorders that come to seek medical attention at the facility. Unfortunately, the challenge is that there are no trained clinicians nor specialised services for mental disorders. They reported that in turn these are referred them to Malakal, with associated transport challenges.
In all villages visited in Wau Shilluk  ( Padit, Pamath Ogod and Wau shiluk trading centre ) , there were no MHPSS  [ Mental Health and Psychosocial Support ]  services observed, from recreational services, child and women friendly safe spaces to specialized care for people with severe mental disorders.
Serious gaps in immediate GBV life serving services  ( CMR clinical management of rape, psychosocial counselling )  and other support to survivors of Sexual and Gender Based Violence were observed. There is no WGFS  [ Women and Girls Friendly Space ]  for women and girls for group and individual PSS  [ Psychosocial Support ] . According to the FGD  [ Focus Group Discussion ]  participants, survivors of domestic violence do not know where to go to report any form of GBV in Ogod County, and simply stay at home or share their concerns with family members. The opportunity is that there is a women group that can be an entry point for GBV interventions and women empowerment.
From observation and FGDs  [ Focus Group Discussions ] , the number of female headed households in Ogod County is large, implying susceptibility to protection and safety risks, and a shift of household roles and responsibility which increases vulnerability.
Sharing shelters with other community members remains a serious GBV risk factor for women and girls in Ogod County. Additionally, women and girls expressed fear of being attacked or harassed by Arab Nomads while collecting firewood  ( however, no incidents reported so far ) . Women said they walk 4 hours on daily basis to collect firewood for both home use and sell it in the market to meet other family needs.
A total of 5,340 people supported with livelihood kits in Aweil South and Tonj North counties in January 2021. However, the major planned scale up is pending support for projects submitted for funding.
Currently DRC  [ Danish Refugee Council ]  is the only Protection actor in Ogod County that supports vulnerable individuals. However, the absence of static presence of GBV and child protection actors in Ogod was observed as a serious gap.
Social cohesion and community structures/mechanisms are in place and women are represented in these structures as community leaders. These structures function as Alternative Conflict Resolution Mechanisms. Domestic violence issues are also resolved by these structures. In case disputes cannot be resolved by the community groups  ( mostly criminal cases ) , they are referred to law enforcement agencies, police and courts in Wau and Malakal. Relationships between populations  ( returnees and host community members )  is reported to be good and cordial.
Movement Restrictions in PoC:  Bor IDP Camp  Access to Site through UNMISS gate is restricted.  [ As of 15 February 2021 ]
One of the main protection concerns observed in Wau Shilluk was the inability, by a significant portion of the returnees, to live in dignity.
The mission confirmed an estimated population of not more than 2,000 residents in Wau centre, 1,000 residents in Padieth, 1,000 residents in Ogod, and 100 residents in Pamath. According to data collected from IOM  [ International Organization for Migration ]  DTM's  [ Displacement Tracking Matrix ]  Mobility Tracking Round 7  ( published in January 2020 ) , there were an estimated 955 IDPs and 927 returnees present in the payam during the time of the assessment.
A total of 60 handpumps have been rehabilitated in Pibor, Bor South and Tonj North and water rehabilitation systems are operational in Pibor town to provide access to safe water. Over 21,000 water treatment kits have been distributed in areas of most severe acute food insecurity that were earlier affected by floods and conflict.
Subsequently, the ICCG  [ Inter Cluster Coordination Group ]  meeting of 14 February 2020 endorsed an inter cluster mission to Wau Shilluk  ( Wau and surrounding villages )  focusing on WASH, CCCM, Protection, Nutrition, FSL  [ Food Security and Livelihoods ] , Health, SNFI  [ Shelter and Non Food Items ] , Education, Child Protection, and GBV issues.
Humanitarian cargo movement have been considerably constrained by persistent heavy rains, infrastructure damage and reduced physical accessibility  ( e.g., impassable roads, flooded airstrips ) , increasing reliance on costly air operations  ( airstrips mostly accessible by helicopters only ) .
Upper Nile ICCG  [ Inter Cluster Coordination Group ]  agreed a decision on 31 January 2020, for Protection Cluster partners, UNHCR and DRC, to conduct a low key assessment on 12 February 2020 to Wau Shilluk to determine the current security situation of the area, and ascertain current needs on the ground, including possibility for an inter cluster response.
Until recently  [ report is from Feb 2020 ] , Wau Shilluk had a high presence of military forces, with humanitarian actors limiting assistance to only life saving interventions.
Previously a small town with about 4,000 residents, Wau became the main Shilluk internally displaced persons  ( IDP )  settlement, and as of May 2015, the community had reached an estimated population of 40,000 individuals. Many were from areas on the east bank of the River Nile including Malakal.
Protection services are being provided through mobile protection teams. In Jonglei, a food drop zone was surveyed and cleared of two explosive items to allow aid to be safely delivered.
There is complete lack of community initiatives to keep the latrines clean. As a result, the practice of open defecation is alarming.
The IDPs  [ in Don Bosco ]  have access to communal pit latrines that have been used for several years and exhibited a number of limitations. First, there are a number of toilets that have been filled up and have not been desludged. Most of the pit latrines are out of use.
To date, Mangateen looks neat and well maintained. The site is clean and there is greater economic activities taking place at the site.
While the shelter conditions vary from one collective site to the other, the IDPs face similar challenges ranging from overcrowding, poor lighting, limited privacy, and poor hygiene. Since 2013, the shelters have not been repaired and and show visibly signs of decay and damage.
The assessment team observed that although the general situation was not alarming, the camp is dirty with evidence of open defecation practices.
A visit to the market showed very minimal economic activities going on as the market was empty.
With cholera cases recently confirmed in Ethiopia, health cluster members and the Ministry of Health work together to prevent, prepare for and respond to cholera and other water born disease outbreaks in the bordering counties of Akobo, Boma, Kapoeta East, and Pochalla. People in these counties were affected by recent floods, are highly food insecure and the health response will be aligned with other measures such as public awareness, providing safe drinking water, improving personal hygiene, and providing access to improved sanitation facilities.
How has aid affected displacement and Conflict in this area? Koch town was the headquarter the current greater Koch county. Patit is on the main road that led to Mirmir and join leer county to Bentiu, being strategic area, it is being controlled by IO forces  [ Sudan People's Liberation Army in Opposition   deserters from the Sudan People's Liberation Army ] . During the conflict most of the civilian ran to Rubkona in PoC  [ Protection of Civilian site ]  for safety while other ran across the river Nile into Old Fangak, Tonga areas and Sudan. The conflict had made majority of them left behind their household items and some livelihoods activities. Recently SFP reported influx of the returnees reported in Koch, Patit and other surrounding areas mainly from Rubkona in PoC and Khartoum as a result of positive sign of prevailing peace in the state and help the communities to cope with the crises and enhanced communities' resilience.
Female headed households are especially vulnerable to the effects of climate change, as most depend on agriculture to sustain their families, and rely on natural resources like firewood and water.
Child protection services in Twic East, Duk and Bor South are scaling up, with frontline staff being deployed to areas with acute needs.
Given the continued issues of physical access to people in some areas due to poor infrastructure, airdrops of food commodities including cereals, pulses and vegetable oil have commenced in Gumuruk, Pibor and hybrid cash and food assistance targeting over 40,000 people in Akobo East are scheduled to begin this week. Since mid December, close to 33,000 livestock have been vaccinated in Pibor.
Mobile health care units are in the process of being set up to reinforce existing health facilities and medical supplies are being replenished in priority counties. Maternal and child health care services, severe acute malnutrition management, mental health care, gender based violence support, vaccine immunization and hygiene services are being re enforced. Support to detect and respond to disease outbreaks and services for people with disabilities are also being strengthened.
By the end of December, humanitarian organizations reached over 23,000 people in Pibor and 5,600 people in Duk with food assistance. In Duk, over 3,000 children under five received fortified food and over 4,400 pregnant and lactating women received fortified dietary supplements to prevent malnutrition.
Monitoring the FRC  ( Functional residual capacity )  levels at the taps stands in the different sectors, and the concentration of chlorination should maintain at 0.5 1mg/L as the point of collection
In March, WFP provided food and nutrition assistance to 2.24 million people across its General Food Assistance  ( GFA ) , School Feeding, Nutrition and Livelihoods and Resilience activities in South Sudan. Of this, 37 percent was delivered through the Integrated Rapid Response Mechanism. Through the Rapid Response teams, WFP dispatched enough GFA for 834,000 people in hard to reach areas across 14 counties in Jonglei, Unity and Upper Nile states
Some 250,000 displaced persons are in need of CCCM services
Risk Comms:  Juba IDP Camps  ( 1 & 3 )   Rumor & perception tracking & community messaging on Covid 19 awareness raising Bor IDP Camp Rumor & perception tracking & community messaging on Covid 19 awareness raising Naivasha IDP Camp Rumor & perception tracking & community messaging on Covid 19 awareness raising Bentiu PoC Rumor & perception tracking & community messaging on Covid 19 awareness raising Malakal PoC Rumor & perception tracking & community messaging on Covid 19 awareness raising  [ As of 15 February 2021 ]
On the assessment day/ date, not all teachers were present in schools across the country  ( absenteeism ) . Among the present teachers, 66 percent of them were non government teachers. The main reason for teachers' absenteeism was reported as the lack of, or delayed, payment of salaries/incentives. On average, government and non government teachers reported having received three months' salaries/incentives at the time of assessment, whereas they should have received 9 months' salaries or incentives from the beginning of the year. Head teachers reported that 42 percent of the teachers had no access to the full set of textbooks they required for teaching.
Climate related livestock losses compound ongoing rivalries, increasing the risk of cattle raiding, which can trigger retaliations, communal conflicts, displacement and the growth of new or existing armed groups.
Displaced families are squatting in informal areas, unfinished buildings and marginalized neighbourhoods.
Reason for girls dropout: Pregnancy/marriage   35%, Domestic duties   18%, lack of food   12%, long distance to school   7%, lack of fees   7%, Insecurity/displacement around the school   6%, Insufficient teaching and learning materials   4%
Victims of land grabbing and housing occupation, especially vulnerable persons such as women, child  and elderly headed households, and persons with disabilities, are at risk of violence, GBV, exploitation, threats and harassment by those occupying their assets, which may include persons associated with armed groups.