nlp-thedeep/humsetbias huggingface dataset:
The current population in Reif Ashargi is 113,555 individuals, comprising: 88,331 Host community 21,747 IDPs 3,477 Returnees Almost 86 per cent of the locations visited have a higher population of females than males, with 3,180 single female headed households. Additional vulnerabilities recorded in Reif Ashargi are: 4,032 Breastfeeding mothers 3,171 Pregnant women 2,907 Orphaned children.
In Kadugli, police are present in 13 villages. Tribal justice systems are also functioning at nine locations
Food security is a high priority need in five of the locations in Kadugli. The main reasons for food shortages are the lack of finances, the difficulties in accessing agricultural land, the stealing of crops and the lack of agricultural activities. Food aid has been provided at 11 locations.
The current population in Kadugli is 218,317 individuals, comprising: 193,240 Host community 26,208 IDPs 6192 Returnees Almost 90 per cent of the locations visited have a higher presence of females than males, with 5,000 single female headed households. The significant additional vulnerabilities present in Kadugli are: 10,531 Breastfeeding mothers 5,756 Pregnant women 6,528 Orphaned children.
There are 502 teachers working in the locality  ( 67% of whom are female ) . Seventy one per cent of the present population have access to education, with primary schools being the most prominent. Eighty nine per cent of existing schools are functional.
The current population in Abu Jubaiha is estimated to be 539,549 individuals, comprising: 490,417 Host community 40,214 IDPs 8,918 Returnees. More than 78 per cent of the locations visited host a higher proportion of females than males, with an estimated 9,165 single female headed households across the locality. The predominant vulnerabilities observed are: 35,274 Breastfeeding mothers 22,847 Pregnant women 19,835 Orphaned children.
UNHCR and partners are also working together on risk communication in refugee locations, using among other things, multi language SMS, posters, leaflets, community networks.
UNHCR and partners continue to monitor new arrival rates and conduct entry reviews to understand the impact of the border closures.
In addition to Government isolation centres, additional isolation centres near refugee camps are being constructed and supported by the response through hot meals and non food items.
Groundnut prices are higher by 76 to 173 percent in all states compared to the five year average of April.
The groundnut prices are higher by 9 to 43 percent in most states compared to the same period of the previous year  ( April 2018 ) , while it remained unchanged in North Kordofan.
The price of goat increased by 42 to 295 percent in all states compared to the same month of the previous year. The current retail prices of goat are higher by 165 to 503 percent in all states compared to the 5 year average of April.
The retail price of goat increased in all states except West Darfur, where it decreased by 2 percent compared to March 2019. It sharply increased in North Darfur  ( 19.2 percent ) , Red Sea  ( 13.9 percent ) , South Kordofan  ( 13.3 percent ) , Blue Nile  ( 8.3 percent ) , and slightly increased in East Darfur  ( 4.0 percent ) , Central Darfur  ( 2.7 percent ) , White Nile  ( 2.6 percent ) , South Darfur  ( 1.7 percent ) , Kassala  ( 1.2 percent )  and North Kordofan  ( 1 percent ) . Kassala showed the highest price among all states  ( SDG3,572/head )  while East Darfur recorded the lowest  ( SDG 1,797/head ) .
The highest sorghum price was recorded in East Darfur  ( SDG19.3/Kg )  while the lowest was observed in Central Darfur  ( SDG13.2/Kg ) . The sorghum prices sharply increased in all states by 46 to 92 percent compared to the same period of the previous year. The sorghum prices were higher by 187 to 263 percent in all states compared to the 5 year average of April.
The national average price of groundnut increased by 3 percent compared to the previous month. The price of groundnut has increased this month due to the diminishing supply of the groundnut from the last season harvest and it's expected to increase until the onset of the new production in October. This increase is also attributed to inflationary increase in the cost of production and prices of substitute  ( sesame )  and due to the shortage of cash
The national average price of groundnut was higher by 153 percent compared to the fiveyear average of April.
Tensions then escalated on 27 January when an armed attack was launched at a local water source in Dobo Umda village in Tawila  ( North Darfur ) , where multiple households from Sharg Aj Jabal were seeking shelter. These newly displaced households, as well as the residing returnee community in Dobo Umda, were impacted by the attack, resulting in secondary displacement to the nearby village of Katur.
Retail prices of sorghum and millet continued to increase between May and June 2020 across most markets in Sudan and remained 150 to 250 per cent higher than the year before.
In 2020, the Education Response Plan received only 52 per cent of its financial requirements.
There is an inadequate supply of textbooks for children, limited school furniture in many schools, and extremely overcrowded classrooms across Sudan.
Approximately 250 IDP households  ( 14% )  are sheltering in schools or other public buildings located in Katur village, whilst 1,600 households  ( 86% )  are gathering in open areas of Katur village and are in critical need of emergency shelter
Data collected through the return intention indicator suggests that all IDPs in Katur village  ( 100% )  intend to return to their locations of origin upon improvement of the security situation.
Access remains limited as field teams report roads between Sharg Aj Jabal and El Fasher to be blocked, with the exception of humanitarian organizations granted access.
Displaced households have also arrived in Katur from related clashes in Touwa Shalal and Kabiri villages
In response to the pandemic, the Government of Sudan  ( GoS )  declared a nationwide health emergency and introduced mitigation measures in March 2020 to reduce the transmission of the virus. These measures include restrictions on travel due to closure of airports, points of entry  ( PoE )  along land borders and maritime boundaries, as well as domestic movement restrictions.
All points of entry along land borders, as well as the Sawakin sea port, are closed for entry and exit. The Karb Eltoum unofficial border crossing point remains open
An additional 50 IDP gold miners working in Northern State are also reportedly unable to return home to Shadad IDP Camp in North Darfur.
Key informants reported a total of 247 IDP students studying in Khartoum, 10 students in Nyala and 8 students in Northern State who are currently stranded and unable to return home to IDP camps across North Darfur
COVID 19 has now spread to all of Sudan's 18 states. The majority of all confirmed cases are in Khartoum State.
In 2020, HRP partners provided 7.6 million people across Sudan with humanitarian assistance from one or more sectors. This includes 6.9 million IDPs, returnees and other vulnerable residents and 745,000 refugees.
The Government made provisions for the movement of humanitarian cargo, allowing most aid operations to continue. Despite difficulties in movement and suspension of faceto face activities, such as monitoring visits and community engagement, humanitarians managed to continue their work and assist 7.6 million people in 2020.
In April 2019, sorghum retail prices increased in all states compared to the previous month, except Central Darfur  ( decreased by 1 percent )  and South Kordofan  ( remained constant ) . It sharply increased in North Darfur  ( 15 percent ) , East Darfur  ( 14 percent ) , South Darfur  ( 10 percent ) , White Nile  ( 10 percent ) , and slightly increased in North Kordofan  ( 8 percent ) , Kassala  ( 6 percent ) , Red Sea  ( 5 percent ) , West Darfur  ( 4 percent )  and Blue Nile  ( 3 percent ) .
Although the supply from the last season production is ongoing, the sorghum price is steadily increasing during the last two months. This increase is mainly attributed to the high cost of production, demand for export and scarcity of cash. Partial lifting of wheat subsidy and devaluation of Sudanese currency  ( increase the prices of imported inputs and encouraged border trading and export )  contributed to the increase.
COVID 19 affected all states, with Khartoum being the epicentre. Although Khartoum state accounts for the majority reported cases in the country, over 60 per cent of all COVID 19 related deaths have been reported from outside the capital, reflecting the low capacity of the health system and testing in peripheral states. Several diseases are endemic in Sudan such as malaria, cholera, dengue fever, and chikungunya with a tendency to cause annual outbreaks across several states.
The national average price of sorghum increased by 6.1 percent compared to March 2019.
The Refugee Consultation Forum ( RCF )  is leading an inter agency COVID 19 Contingency and Preparedness Action Plan looking at several scenarios, including camp and settlement lockdowns. In addition, the RCF has developed 13 localized response plans covering densely populated refugee camps and settlements to ensure regular delivery of humanitarian aid, while looking into the specific needs in preparation and response to covid 19.
Amongst the above population  ( non displaced )  groups there are people with specific needs including unaccompanied and separated children, survivors of gender based violence  ( GBV ) , women headed households, elderly persons, persons with disabilities and people with specific health concerns.
Only 74 percent of the population has access to basic drinking water services, 39 percent have access to limited sanitation services, and only 23 percent have access to basic hygiene services
Until 2019, the Sudan Mine Action Programme had registered 3,621 hazardous areas, out of which 3,422 areas   covering more than 130 square kilometres of land   have been released and handed over to communities for productive use. Still, there are 27 square kilometres of land in 199 locations across Sudan which remain contaminated by landmines/ERWs.
Lack of services and social norms were identified  ( in a study by UN Women )  as some of the exacerbating factors contributing to domestic violence.
Refugees also have limited access to water and sanitation services, including handwashing facilities, which undermines hygiene promotion.
In addition to a volatile political and security situation in Sudan, the country faces rampant inflation and recurrent several fuel shortages leading to prolonged power outages.
The high inflation rate – recorded at almost 270 per cent in December 2020   and rising prices for food, fuel, and other basic commodities, continued to stretch people's ability to cope.
Although borders are closed, refugees continue to arrive in Sudan and arrivals are quarantined in dedicated centres near camps for 14 days before receiving regular assistance services.
Refugees have been severely affected by covid 19 and cases have been observed among refugees by UNHCR.
Total Fund required is 50.7 million, whereas only 40 million have been met, and rest 11 million are unmet. In total 2,370,124 each in sector of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene are targeted and 2,037,626 have been reached in water. Similarly, 1,037,866 have been reached in Sanitation and 1,183,808 have been reached in Hygiene.
CHALLENGES   Slowing down of the response due to civil unrest   Shift in response after flood and cholera outbreak   High Targets of sanitation and hygiene, limited capacity on ground due to civil unrest and under reporting of these components of WASH.   Last dispatch of funding due to civil unrest   Deregistration/ban on 58 NGOs   some were part of WASH response.
The most affected population groups in Sudan are IDPs, Returnees, Non   displaced host communities displaced by decades of conflict. there are about 1.87 million IDPs and 324328 returnees, out of which 1.7 million IDPs and 291000 returnees are in dire need of WASH in the country, which is about 26% of the total People in Need ( PIN ) .
In Blue Nile state, 67 percent of the surveyed households adopted food based coping strategies, the highest among the 13 surveyed states, followed by Red Sea at 62 percent. The adoption of severe coping mechanisms was highest in Kassala at 29 percent.
[ Access to WASH in institutions  ( schools and primary health centres )  is also limited... ]  This negatively impacts children's attendance and enrolment, especially girls. The impacts of poor WASH were also measurable through a multi sector view. WASH has direct effect on the health and well being of the people; poor WASH situation contributes to a very concerning public health situation often high GAM rates in sudanare attributed to pockets of poor WASH access.
Access to WASH in institutions  ( schools and primary health centres )  is also limited. fifty percent of the existing schools do not have improved sanitation facilities and half of them do not have access to clean water, this is further compounded by the lack of gender   segregated sanitation facilities, including for menstrual hygiene management; and ease of access to physically disabled children.
A 2017 survey showed that only 32 per cent of the emergency obstetric and neonatal care  ( EmONC )  facilities are fully functioning. A number of States had severe gaps in EmONC availability. East Darfur, Gedaref, Kassala, North Kordofan, Blue Nile, Red Sea, South Kordofan, North Darfur, Khartoum, Sinnar and Gazira all had less than 37 per cent of the recommended number of EmONC facilities. According to the 2018 HERAMS survey, only 35 per cent of health facilities in Darfur provides basic emergency obstetric care.  [  Specific location Assessed   Gazina and Sinnar ]
The majority of asylum seekers and refugees arrive in Sudan with few personal belongings or livelihood assets and are in urgent need of food assistance and livelihoods support. Over 166,000 refugees are living in settlements or camps in localities with IPC Phase 3 or worse acute food insecurity.
The highest severity of acute food insecurity is recorded in the 56 localities classified as IPC phase 3 and above in the States of Al Gazera, Blue Nile, White Nile, South Kordofan, West Kordofan, Kassala, Gedaref, Red Sea and the five Darfur states. This represents around 3 million people. Specific Location assessed   Al Gazera, all 5 states of darfur ]
There are nearly 205,000 refugees living across 9 camps in White Nile  ( 55 per cent female ) , and 2 camps in East Darfur  ( 49 per cent female )  . It remains difficult to ensure that adequate space and basic services are available to absorb new arrivals while sustaining service provision to the existing caseloads in the camps.
Overall, an estimated 1.2 million people are in need of life saving emergency shelter and household items  ( ES/NFIs ) . This includes those affected by conflict, floods or other hazards; those using negative coping mechanisms; and people in need of shelter and NFIs to ensure their minimum living standards, dignity, and to contribute to their physical and mental wellbeing.
Not only do families with limited income struggle to cover costs associated with schooling but it is also common for children to have to work and provide additional income for their families, preventing them from attending school, which is aggravated by a lack of school feeding programmes in refugee hosting schools which could help address low enrolment and retention.
In more remote refugee hosting areas outside of camps, more than 90 per cent of South Sudanese refugee children are estimated to be out of school. Over 90 per cent of refugee children eligible for secondary school are out of school
An estimated 1.5 million children 4   16 years old need assistance to access or continue their education, mainly in Darfur, West and South Kordofan, Blue Nile, White Nile, Sennar, Kassala, and Gedaref. This includes over 786,000 children in an extreme or catastrophic situation  ( severity level 4 and 5 )  and approximately 674,000 children in a severe situation  ( severity level 3 ) .  [  Specific Location assessed   Darfur ]
About three million school aged children are out of school in Sudan. This is attributed to poverty, insecurity, and cultural and social norms. This puts children at risk of abuse, exploitative labor, and early marriage, among other protection concerns. Children with disabilities are among the most vulnerable, with some 450,000 disabled children out of school.
In Gedaref, 51 per cent of female headed households were adopting crisis or emergency coping strategies, compared to 34 per cent of male headed households. Refugee and IDP households are also adopting more high risk coping strategies as the economic situation deteriorates.
Overall, 19 percent of households adopted livelihood based coping strategies. About 79 percent of the households in Blue Nile adopted livelihood based coping strategies, the highest among the surveyed states.
Households have been forced to cut back their health and education expenditures and are less able to create or invest in livelihood assets. Almost 1 in 3 households  ( 30 per cent )  had to spend a portion or all of their savings on health services, and about 1 in 4 households  ( 23 per cent )  reported having to reduce their health expenditure. Some 10 percent of households took their children out of school.
There are wide disparities between states, between urban rural and between the richest and poorest  ( 96%, 81% and 49% have access to basic water, sanitation and hygiene services in case of richest whereas only 35%, 7% and 16% have access to basic water, sanitation and hygiene services in case of the poorest ) .
While the Government of Sudan's generous open policy for hosting people fleeing conflicts and persecution welcomes provisions of international protection, key protection gaps persist, which undermine the liberty, safety and dignity of asylum seekers and refugees. Refugee affairs are still largely seen through a security lens and gaps in refugees' basic rights persist, including access to registration, documentation, freedom of movement, basic services and the labour market.
Over 90 per cent of Sudan's localities lack specialized GBV services  ( such as clinical management of rape, specialized psychosocial support and counselling, and case management ) . Health centers are often the first point of call where people seek help, and they are inadequately equipped to support and suffer from lack of trained staff especially due to high turnover.
There is limited information on overall SGBV cases across Sudan. However, the risk of attacks is present across the country. In Khartoum, the violent break up of the sit in area in 3 June included rapes of men and women. In Darfur, UNAMID reported 15 SGBV cases for January April 2019.  [ specific location assessed Darfur ]
This number  ( violation against children )  has more than doubled since the same period in 2018. Nearly 3 per cent  ( 13,000 )  of refugee children living in Sudan are unaccompanied or separated, and about half are girls.
Children and adolescents are at risk of grave violations of their rights, separation from their families, and domestic violence. Forced recruitment of children continues. According to the monitoring and reporting mechanism of grave child rights violations, at least one form of grave child rights violation was recorded against 516 children  ( 44 per cent of whom are girls ) .
In a single incident, 18 people were attacked as they went to cultivate their land in Harakoni and Diwait, in West Darfur. Overall, some 20 incidents were reported from 1 June to 20 July 2019 alone. This insecurity limits the possibility of sustainable return, and thus of durable solutions to the protracted displacement situation.
These attacks have been particularly acute in West Darfur. In Ardamata IDP camp in West Darfur, armed groups reportedly threatened and denied farmers access to their land; and Masalit farmers around El Geneina  ( West Darfur )  reportedly fled their farms for the city following threats from militias.
Refugees' food insecurity has contributed to ‘critical' and ‘serious' malnutrition levels across most camps and larger refugee settlements. Food insecurity and a lack of access to services and livelihoods opportunities increases protection risks for refugee children, including high prevalence of child labour, early marriage and school drop out.
Further, over 90 per cent of refugees in Sudan are reliant on food assistance, and suffer from a lack of dietary diversity, rations gaps and lack of sufficient income and means to supplement household food stocks.
The three states with highest number of people in IPC 3 and above are Khartoum  ( 793,000 ) , South Darfur  ( 763,000 people ) , and South Kordofan  ( 607,000 people ) , followed by White Nile, Kassala, Red Sea, and North Darfur, with more than 400,000 people in each state in at least IPC 3 levels.  ( Food security )
In out of camp locations – where about 70 per cent of refugees reside – there is limited access to quality secondary and tertiary medical care treatment, including no access to treatment for chronic illnesses. Refugees face mental health service gaps despite high trauma related to persecution and asylum flights, and other mental health care needs
Some 1.5 million school aged children need assistance to access or continue their education, particularly in Darfur, West and South Kordofan, Blue Nile, White Nile, Sennar, Kassala, and Gedaref. The variance in enrolment rates across the country is large, with the lowest pre school enrolment rates in East Darfur  ( 19 per cent )  and West Darfur  ( 24 per cent ) . Nomadic populations have even higher rates of out of school children. [ specific location assessed Darfur ]
Literacy is particularly low among young women. Country wide, some 45 per cent of women between 15 – 24 years are illiterate, with different levels across states  ( CCA 2016 ) .
An estimated 15 per cent of refugees targeted for assistance in Sudan are living with disabilities. They face particular protection risks such as heightened risk of violence, exploitation and abuse, as well as high levels of stigma.
In early 2020, UNHCR and Commissioner for Refugees  ( COR )  started facilitating the voluntary relocation of refugees in Um Dafoug, South Darfur to a more accessible settlement site closer to Nyala to enable access to assistance and services.
Although refugees from Syria, Yemen and other Arab countries fall under the Islamic notion of asylum recent changes regarding access to work and immigration regulations puts theses refugees in a vulnerable situation with legal uncertainty regarding their rights in Sudan.
Nearly 1.3 million people are facing emergency levels of acute food insecurity and facing large food consumption gaps  ( IPC phase 4 ) , while nearly six million people are facing crisis levels of acute food insecurity and marginally able to meet minimum food needs  ( IPC phase 3 ) .
Approximately 15 per cent of Sudan's population are people with disabilities, and there are no legislative measures ensuring equitable access to services for them. Data and information on their specific needs and protection concerns, including those emerging from or exacerbated by COVID19, are not currently available.
Challenges: COVID 19 restriction movement caused late response from partners and some problems in delivering assistance needed.
Some 8.4 million people are facing critical issues related to living standards, based on indicators including food security, as well as access to basic services  ( including access to protection services, health facilities, safe water, sanitation, and education ) .
Protection gaps related to the fulfilment of basic rights and vulnerability to discrimination and threats continue to undermine their physical and mental well being of refugees. Despite some progress, 1.1 million refugees continue to face movement restrictions outside of camps and between states, which hinders their ability to seek out secondary and tertiary health services in urban centres, and inhibits access to education and job opportunities outside of camps and settlements.
an estimated 12,690 people were newly displaced this year  ( 2019 ) , mainly due to conflict in areas of Jebel Marra  ( Central and South Darfur ) , as well as climactic shocks. Despite the overall ceasefire signed among non state armed groups in Sudan, sporadic clashes between SLA AW  ( which has not participated in peace efforts )  and Government forces, as well as between SLA AW factions, caused displacement
Sudan hosts an estimated 1.1 million refugees, including the largest number of refugees from the conflict in neighbouring South Sudan   859,286 people, 51 per cent of them women. Amongst the overall refugee population, 48 per cent are under 18 years old.
Throughout Sudan, most people – 58 per cent of households – cannot afford a basic daily food basket.
After a year of civil unrest and political change, humanitarian needs continue to rise. Some 9.3 million people – 23 per cent of the population – will need humanitarian assistance in 2020. The transitional government is prioritizing peace and ending the economic crisis, issues closely intertwined with the drivers of humanitarian need in the country.
Sudan hosts one of the largest refugee populations in Africa. South Sudanese make up the majority. Many others fled violence and persecution in neighboring countries, including Eritrea, the Central African Republic, Ethiopia and Chad, but also the wars in Syria and Yemen pushed people to seek safety in Sudan.
Inter tribal clashes in Central African Republic  ( CAR )  have been ongoing since September 2019, and led refugees from CAR to flee to safety in Sudan. The situation along the CAR Sudan border remains tense and extremely volatile
[ Some refugees ]  stay in 22 camps  ( 10 at the East Sudan, 9 at White Nile State, 2 at East Darfur State and 1 at the Central Darfur State ) . Sudan continues to generously host and receive additional asylum seekers.
Registration Status: 635,956 Individuals registered; 59% Individual registration, 8% Household registration, 32% Un registered.
Most refugees live in out of camp settlements, host communities and urban areas,
Approximately 1,305 households  ( 73% )  are gathering in open areas of Nyala town, Tuel and Dereige villages, 370 households  ( 21% )  are staying with host communities in Tulus, Dika and Dagama, and 107 IDP households  ( 6% )  are sheltering in schools located in Tuel village.
At present, the new caseload is gathering in open areas of Nyala town. All new arrivals are Sudanese nationals and at least 24 of these individuals  ( 264 in total )  have additional vulnerabilities in need of assistance and support.
Since the second update, a new caseload of 1,815 individuals  ( 267 households )  arrived in the Majouk area of Nyala town on 5 February, having been displaced from Tuel village for almost three weeks.
Through its shelter indicator, DTM identified 20,587 IDP households  ( 92% )  sheltering in schools and other public buildings dispersed across Ag Geneina town, as well as Muli village and Sisi camp. The remaining caseload of 1,778 IDP households  ( 8% )  are gathering in open areas of Shukry and Kereneik villages.
At least 14,517 individuals are reported to have additional vulnerabilities in need of assistance and support. DTM teams identify 166 individuals have been killed and 427 sustained injuries, whilst at least 7,773 internally displaced persons  ( IDPs )  have lost personal belongings and livestock.
Based on a ranking scale, the three main priority needs for the displaced caseload in Ag Geneina town remain as WASH  ( water, sanitation, and hygiene ) , education, and health  ( medical needs ) . On the other hand, priority needs in the villages surrounding Ag Geneina town remain as food, non food items and WASH.
DTM teams activated EET  [ Emergency Event Tracking ]  to monitor the displacement of individuals affected by inter communal conflict between Masalit and Arab tribes. Clashes erupted on 16 January 2021 in the Krinding area of Ag Geneina town, West Darfur. The twelfth update estimates a total number of 109,149 individuals  ( 22,365 households )  seeking shelter in Ag Geneina and its surrounding villages, having been displaced from Krinding 1 and 2 IDP camps  ( 51% ) , Sultan House area  ( 15% ) , Hai Eljabal area  ( 4% )  and other sites nearby  ( 30% ) .
COVID 19 testing prior to all departures and arrivals is mandatory, and a negative COVID 19 test certificate  ( valid for 96 hours )  is required before travel. Port Sudan New International Airport  ( PZU )  is partially open for entry and exit, in accordance to KRT regulations.
Khartoum International Airport  ( KRT )  is partially open for domestic and international flights, barring flights to and from Saudi Arabia
Data collected through the return intention indicator suggests that the majority of IDPs in Dereige and Tulus villages intend to remain in the same place, whilst some IDPs located in Tuel village  ( where the conflict erupted )  intend to remain at the same sites of their former homes and others wish to move to another location. IDPs located in Dika and Dagama villages intend to return to their locations of origin upon improvement of the security situation
Approximately 107 IDP households  ( 7% )  are sheltering in schools located in Tuel village, 370 households  ( 24% )  are staying with host communities in Tulus, Dika and Dagama villages, and 1,038 households  ( 69% )  are gathering in open areas of Tuel and Dereige villages.
Based on a ranking scale, the five main priority needs remain non food items, food and emergency shelter, nutrition and WASH.
Reports still indicate that 61 individuals have been killed and 56 sustained injuries, whilst at least 1,468 internally displaced persons  ( IDPs )  have lost personal belongings and livestock.
The second update estimates a total number of 9,496 individuals  ( 1,515 households )  displaced across Tuel, Dereige, Tulus, Dika and Dagama villages, and seeking shelter in schools, with host communities as well as gathering in open areas  ( new caseloads have been identified in Dagama and Dika ) .
At least 240 individuals of the remaining caseload have additional vulnerabilities in need of assistance and support which includes 124 Lactating women, 73 Pregnant women, 14 physical disabled people, 8 chronic illness, 7 elders providing care to their household, 5 mental illnesses, 3 unaccompanied elders and 2 unaccompanied minors.
DTM teams activated EET  [ Emergency Event Tracking ]  to monitor the displacement of individuals affected by inter communal conflict between Falata and Arab tribes in Gereida locality, South Darfur.
Tensions erupted in and around Tuel village on 18 January 2021, following a violent assault that occurred the day prior
The country is already facing an economic crisis, coupled with the closure of border crossings, reduced internal movements, reduced remittances  ( estimated at about $3 billion per year )  due to global economic slowdown is likely to impact people's wellbeing.
Access to safe water and sanitation remains extremely limited; this as well as poor hygiene practices will further increase risk of transmission. At higher risk are 12 million people that lack access to improved water sources, 28 million people who lack access to improved sanitation, and 7.5 million people that lack access to hygiene services as well as the over 500,000 children suffering from severe acute malnutrition  ( SAM ) .
To compound this  [ susceptibility to other disease outbreaks ] , immunisation campaigns have been suspended, increasing the vulnerability of children and communities to communicable disease in a context where the capacity is already too fragile to respond to epidemics.
The points of entry  ( PoE )  in the country – although closed for the moment but there are porous points   are only rudimentarily equipped and insufficiently staffed. In addition, the country remains prone to other disease outbreaks, including cholera, chikungunya, dengue, malaria, measles and Rift Valley.
Almost 400 people were killed and another 473 injured during the inter communal clashes, while about 8,400 people lost personal belongings and livestock, IOM reported.
Currently all COVID 19 testing is done by the National Public Health Laboratory  ( NPHL )  in Khartoum, the current capacity allows for the completion of 130 tests per day. Other labs in Red Sea, Gezira, and North Darfur have been identified to be part of the COVID national laboratory network; the aim is to increase testing capacity to at least 600 tests per day.
The first COVID 19 case in Sudan was confirmed on 13 March. As of 1 May 2020, 533 cases  ( 95 per cent males and 5 per cent females )  of COVID 19 have been confirmed in Sudan with 36 resulting fatalities; the total case fatality rate  ( CFR )  is 6.7 per cent.
The health system is marked by decades of limited to no investment, underfunding, and lack of qualified staff, infrastructure, equipment, medicines and supplies. The surveillance system does not cover the entire country and is structurally weak with long delays between alert and confirmation of an outbreak.
Sudan lacks sufficient and adequately trained medical staff to support increased demand, isolation units, intensive care units, infection control materials, medicines and medical supplies to address quickly spreading outbreaks including the corona virus  ( COVID 19 )  in all states across the country.
The movement of food commodities were also affected by the worsening weather conditions in West Darfur, Central Darfur and Blue Nile.
With the gradual resumptions of international commercial flights, the last UNHAS international air bridge  ( Khartoum – Addis Ababa – Khartoum )  took place on 30 July. This service was instrumental in enabling the humanitarian community to have staff and supplies on the ground for the provision of assistance during the COVID 19 pandemic.
In the context of high inflation and sustained increase in food prices, the cash based transfer values for general food assistance, food assistance for assets and productive safety nets, have been revised upwards to ensure that beneficiaries continue to receive an adequate level of assistance.
WFP participated in inter agency missions to Fata Borno in North Darfur, Masteri and Geneina in West Darfur to assess the needs of the affected population to be able to respond with emergency food assistance and nutrition support.
The wave of violence reported in different localities of Darfur region during July left people displaced and in need of humanitarian assistance.
Food insecurity remains high in Sudan with displacements, economic decline, inflation, and increasing food prices, exacerbated by the impacts of the COVID 19 pandemic. According to the recent Integrated Food Security Phase Classification  ( IPC )  , an estimated 9.6 million people are experiencing high levels of food insecurity  ( IPC Phase 3 or above )  during the period June September 2020.
By the end of July, there were over 11,700 confirmed COVID 19 cases in Sudan, including 752 fatalities. The majority of confirmed cases are in Khartoum state but COVID 19 has now been reported in all states.
A total of 30,865 people received emergency shelter/NFI assistance since the start of the response.
Roadblocks, sit ins, and protests are preventing displaced people from continuing their everyday activities such as fetching firewood.
Displaced families continue to express feelings of insecurity in their current locations. They also remain fearful of returning to their IDP camps to collect the rest of their belongings.
The majority of gathering points have established community management structures that coordinate with humanitarian agencies and prioritise vulnerable cases.
Many women reported incidents of rape/ harassment and require psychosocial support.
About 20,300 people were reached with integrated health, nutrition and WASH messages focusing on hygiene, diarrhea, malaria, and pneumonia.
About 100 community leaders from 47 gathering points were sensitized on child survival, early development and maternal health communications.
Eight temporary primary healthcare clinics are functioning in the gathering sites. Over 1,000 children under five received access to health services in seven clinics supported by UNICEF, that also provided consultation services and treatment to 2,500 people. Supplies were dispatched to support reproductive health services in IDPs gathering points. WHO dispatched four inter agency emergency health kits for 2,000 people.
Health services are provided through mobile clinics to at least 17,000 people
On 2 February, the Deputy Governor lifted the requirement for police escorts to deliver aid in the gathering sites in Ag Geneina.
More than half of households spent at least 75 percent of the total expenditure on food, and unable to create or invest in livelihood assets. 58 percent of the households cannot afford 1 local food basket. The average monthly per capita household expenditure doubled since 2017 causing 30 percent of the households to spend savings.
64 percent of households had women engaged in the storage; and in 54 percent of the farming households, women were conducting marketing activities.
On the other hand, in the states of East Darfur and Red sea, households headed by women were significantly more likely to provide their children with better care practices than households headed by men. In East Darfur, 75 percent of children in the households headed by women had minimum diet diversity which is greater by 18 percentage points than the households headed by men.
The largest difference was observed in the West Darfur, where only 18 percent of children in households headed by women had fulfilled minimum diet diversity criteria compared to 35 percent of households headed by men.
In North Darfur, West Darfur, Central Darfur, Kassala, North, and South Kordofan, children aged 6 59 months in the households headed by men had significantly better consumption compared to the households headed by women.
Following the similar trend, the purchasing power of the households headed by women was lower compared to households headed by men. The purchasing power was measured by taking into account the ability of the households to buy a minimum of 1 local food basket  ( LFB )  at the local market price values. Based on the LFB, 67 percent of the house holds headed by women were unable to buy a minimum of 1 LFB compared to 56 percent of households headed by men.
In Blue Nile, 26 percent of households headed by men were food insecure compared to 22 percent of households headed by women exhibiting the opposite trend in food security.
The state of West and Central Darfur showed the greatest disparity in food security status between households headed by men and women where at least 17 percent more households headed by women were food insecure. Similar levels of disparity were observed in the South, North and West Kordofan states, with South Kordofan being the worst among them. 57 percent of households headed by women in South Kordofan were food insecure compared to 32 percent households headed by men.
However, at the state level, some significant changes in the indicators took place. Compared to 2017, the proportion of children between 6 59 years having a minimum acceptable dietary diversity has increased in the states of North, South and East Darfur, White Nile and South Kordofan.
The minimum meal frequency measures the proportion of breastfed and non breastfed children 6–23 months of age, who receive solid, semi solid, or soft foods  ( but also including milk feeds for non breastfed children )  the minimum number of times 4 or more. 23 percent of children aged between 6 23 months met the minimum meal frequency.
Geographically, better practices and highest percentage of children achieving the minimum meal frequency was observed in West Darfur  ( 48% ) , followed by Central Darfur  ( 35% ) , whereas worst practices and lowest values were found in Gedarif  ( 8% )  and East Darfur  ( 9% ) .
Geographically, the lowest percentage of children  [ 6 59 months ]  meeting the minimum dietary diversity was found in West Kordofan  ( 30% )  followed by West Darfur  ( 32% )  and the highest in White Nile and East Darfur at 52 and 60 percent respectively  ( fig 23 ) .
In West Kordofan, almost 1 in 4 children between 6 23 months were not given complementary foods, the highest among all the surveyed states. In East Darfur, almost all the children between 6 23 months were found to have been given complementary foods a day prior to the survey.
In the 13 states that were surveyed, 88 percent of children between 6 23 months were given complementary foods. This proportion remained the same as 2017.
Compared to 2017, the proportion of 6 23 months old children who were breastfed a day prior to the survey slightly increased by 3 percentage points  ( WFP CFSA 2017 ) .
87 percent of children between 6 23 months were breastfed one day prior to the survey. The estimated proportion across the surveyed states was more or less similar to the overall proportion. The highest proportion of breastfed children was observed in White Nile at 93 percent and the lowest was observed in the South Kordofan State  ( 83% ) .
79 percent of the households in the Blue Nile adopted livelihood based coping strategy, the highest among the surveyed states. This was followed by 71 percent of households in West Kordofan. The highest proportion of households adopting the emergency coping mechanisms were found in Red Sea at 36 percent.
Based on their severity, livelihood based coping strategies are classified into stress, crisis, and emergency strategies. Overall, 19 percent of households adopted emergency coping, and the similar percent adopted crisis coping strategies.
In the Blue Nile state, 67 percent of the surveyed households adopted food based coping strategy, the highest among the 13 surveyed states. This was followed by the Red Sea at 62 percent. The adoption of severe coping mechanisms was highest in Kassala at 29 percent.
Overall, more than one third of the surveyed households had to adopt food based coping mechanism to maintain minimum food consumption levels. Among them, 12 percent of households employed severe food based coping mechanisms
The sources of food varied by the commodity. About one third of the households obtained cereals through their own production in 2018 which was a significantly higher proportion of households compared to 2017. This is explained by the CFSAM 2018/19 report that estimates better harvest in 2018/19 agriculture season compared to the last season.
Based on the FCS  [ Food Consumption Score ] , 7 percent of households were classified as having poor consumption and 18 percent had borderline consumption. The proportion of households with poor consumption was highest in the West Kordofan and North Darfur at 17 percent and 13 percent respectively.
In the 13 surveyed states, the average FCS  [ Food Consumption Score ]  of the households was 58 with variations observed among the states.
Compared to 2017, a larger proportion of households in the North, Central, and East Darfur states were able to afford more than 1 local food basket  ( LFB ) , indicating an improvement in the purchasing power in the region. Conversely, the proportion of households who were able to afford more than 1 LFB declined in the states of Red Sea, West Kordofan, South Kordofan, and Gedarif.
In February 2019, the national average price of sorghum increased to 14.3 SDG per kg, which is 71 percent higher than in February 2018, and 224 percent above the five year average
58 percent of households across the 13 surveyed states were not able to afford a single local food basket  ( LFB )  while 34 percent were able to afford between 1 2 LFB. Variation among states was apparent. Kassala had the least percentage of households unable to afford 1 LFB at 26 percent and West Darfur had the largest proportion, at 86 percent
The expenditure on food and non food items increased by a similar amount, by 114 percent and 123 percent respectively. Such a dramatic rise is attributed to rising inflation rates throughout 2018 across Sudan. The inflation rate reached 73 percent in December 2018.
Compared to 2017, more households engaged in crop production in 2018 representing an increase by 7 percentage points. In North Darfur, the proportion of households engaging in crop production increased by 23 percentage points from 2017. It also increased by 14 percentage points in North Kordofan and West Kordofan
Households that are economically stable are able to spend proportionately on their food and non food needs. The average monthly per capita household expenditure was 712SDG. Of this total, 528 SDG was spent on food and 184 SDG was spent on non food items. White Nile had the highest per capita expenditure followed by Kassala, North Kordofan, and Gedarif
In most Darfur states, agriculture was predominantly employed as the main source of income, with the highest in East Darfur at 78%. The lowest was observed in the Red Sea state and Kassala, where most households depended on nonagriculture wage labor, business, and salaried work.
Agriculture activities were the main household livelihood strategies in the 13 surveyed states. The main source of income of 30 percent of households was the production and sale of crops; 7 percent relied on animal husbandry, and 11 percent were primarily engaged in agriculture wage labor. Agriculture was followed by various business activities and non agriculture wage labor adopted by 16 percent and 15 percent of households respectively.
In spite of the majority of the households spending a significant portion of their earnings on food and resorting to negative coping strategies to avoid large consumption gaps, 25 percent of them were still consuming an inadequate diet that lacked both in quantity and diversity.
The CARI  [ Consolidated Approach to Reporting Indicators of Food Security ]  console sheds more light on the major driving forces behind household level food insecurity. Across the surveyed population, economic vulnerability remained one of the major reasons behind household food insecurity. More than half  ( 55.4% )  of the households were spending at least 75% of their expenditure on food.
The proportion of households unable to afford even a single LFB  [ Local Food Basket ]  increased significantly in the states of West Kordofan and South Kordofan by 15 percentage points each, and by 6 percentage points in Gedarif.
Also noteworthy was the significant decline in the consumption levels of the households in Kordofan states. The proportion of households consuming inadequate diet rose in West Kordofan by 19 percentage points, in South Kordofan by 9 percentage points and in North Kordofan by 5 percentage points.
Conversely, sorghum production declined in the states of West and South Kordofan in 2018/19 agriculture season compared to 2017/18 season.
The increased production helped improve access to food in Darfur region as 41 percent of households in Darfur reported crop production and sale as their main source of income for 2018.
The improvement in the food security situation in the states of Darfur in 2018 compared to 2017 was characterized by the increase in the purchasing power of the households. The proportion of households able to afford at least one local food basket  ( LFB )  increased in East Darfur by 27 percentage points, while in North Darfur, the proportion of households spending >65% of total expenditure on food declined by 16 percentage points which is an indication of improved economic situation.
The proportion of food insecure households in West Kordofan increased from 26 percent in 2017 to 46 percent in 2018. In general, while the food security status of households in Darfur States improved, more households in the Kordofan states and Gedarif became food insecure compared to 2017.
Moderate food insecurity is characterized by significant consumption gaps, or marginally able to meet minimum food needs only with the aid of irreversible coping strategies. Households that are severely food insecure often have extreme food consumption gaps, or have suffered significant loss of livelihood assets that will eventually lead to food consumption gaps.