nlp-thedeep/humsetbias huggingface dataset:
[ 9th March 2021, North East, Nigeria ] The attack in Dikwa LGA affected approximately 27,857 individuals from Dikwa Ward and has caused a considerable movement towards Ajiri Ward located in neigbouring Mafa LGA. Other displaced persons fled to other LGAs, including the state's capital Maiduguri.
[ 24th March 2021, Nigeria ]  To achieve this, “the vaccine roll out will be in four phases, starting with health workers, frontline workers, COVID 19 rapid response team, laboratory network, policemen, petrol station workers and strategic leaders,' the Executive Director of the National Primary Health Care Development Agency ( NPHCDA ) , Faisal Shuaib, said at a briefing. Phase 2 – Older adults aged 50 years and above. Those with co morbidities aged 18 – 49 years of age. Phase 3 – Those in states/LGAs with high disease burden and who missed phases 1 and 2. Phase 4 – Other eligible population as vaccines become available.
[ 12th April 2021, Nigeria ]  MSF increased the number of beds from 65 to 105 in the Gwange hospital and also reinforced inpatient capacity at another health facility run by MSF in Maiduguri's Fori district. MSF also launched activities in partnership with health authorities in the town of Zabarmari, which has an estimated population of over 45,000 people, including families displaced by conflict in the region.
[ 16th   21st Mar 2021, Nigeria ]  5 new cases were confirmed for the reported week • Total number of Confirmed Cases as at end of epi week 11 stands at 1,326 • 11 active cases receiving care. • Total number of patients discharged for the week – 8 • Cumulative number discharged so far – 1,277 • No death recorded in week 11 • Total associated deaths – 38  ( 26 in Isolation facilities and 12 community death. )  • Distribution of confirmed cases by LGA   256 from Jere, 944 from MMC, 16 from Gwoza, 3 from Damboa, 4 from Bayo, 12 from Biu, 1 from Gubio, 1 from Munguno, 1 from Kaga, 1 from Mobbar, 68 from Konduga, 2 from Nganzai, 2 from Shani, 6 from Hawul and 6 from Ngala LGAs
[ 1st April 2021, Northeast Nigeria ] Many of the most vulnerable population suffering from acute malnutrition were receiving support from a nutrition facility. Prior to the recent attacks, there were 6 functioning Outpatient feeding programs  ( OTPs )  and 1 stabilization centre in Damasak run by ACF. However, the nutrition stabilisation centre was reportedly burned down during the conflict and all 6 OTPs are reportedly non operational as of April 20 due to the evacuation or displacement of staff and infrastructure damage. If there continues to be no humanitarian access to Damasak town, this will likely lead to the further deterioration of the already poor nutrition situation in the LGA.
[ 16th June 2021, Nigeria ] Admittedly, with over 89 million people living on less than $2 per day pre pandemic, such spending was limited to a subset of the population. The misery index has grown from lockdown disruptions disproportionately affecting the informal sector; rising unemployment and lower wages, as businesses cut costs to stay afloat; and rising inflation – last measured at over 18%.
[ 16th Mar 2021,North east Nigeria ] Shelter and NFI: The lack of land also remains a major challenge. Many sites are in flood prone areas not suitable for shelter construction. While efforts have been made to improve living conditions for the affected people through proposed land advocacy, serious challenges remain due to lack of usable land, access and financial resources. Up to 46% of IDPs who reside in makeshift or informal camps are now seeking refuge either in rented facilities, tents or abandoned and unfinished buildings in urban and peri urban areas.
[ 16th Mar 2021,North east Nigeria ] The shelter and NFI needs are in many ways intertwined with needs in other sectors. For instance, lack of shelters poses a huge protection risk for the displaced population. This includes the risk of SGBV, early marriages, lack of security and basic needs deprivation. Other needs relate to the location of food distribution points, health and WASH facilities that should take into consideration the distance to shelters in the site planning stages, especially for the elderly, persons with special needs, women and children. SGBV concerns should also inform the design of the shelters, the site plan and location of all other facilities in the camps.
[ 16th Mar 2021,North east Nigeria ] These IDPs face overcrowding in already inadequate living conditions that exposes them to higher risks of disease outbreaks. Overcrowding is also a particular protection concern for women and girls and negatively affects the elderly and people with disabilities as well. IDPs who are living in low income neighbourhoods and informal settlements in urban areas or host communities also continue to endure a dire situation: their dwellings are often made of non permanent materials that cannot protect them from harsh weather. This also raises immense protection concerns for the most vulnerable, like persons with special needs, women and girls.
[ 16th Mar 2021,North east Nigeria ] Shelter and non food item  ( NFI )  needs continue to be a major priority for the 2,383,000 vulnerable people with critical problems of living conditions and well being in the BAY states. Most IDPs, returnees and vulnerable host communities continue to live in overcrowded, makeshift, damaged and poor shelters because shelter availability is extremely limited due to resource constraints plus access and logistical challenges related to insecurity. Shelter needs remain high after some years of humanitarian action because the emergency shelters provided for IDPs have a short life span of six months that is not sufficient to protect the beneficiaries from the environment, are highly prone to wear and tear, and require periodic replacement to some provide privacy, dignity, and security
[ 15th 21st March, 2021, Nigeria ]  Adamawa State Broadcasting Corporation  ( ABC )  Radio specifically on promoting compliance to safety protocols, voluntary testing, wearing facemask and handwashing is currently ongoing. The Covid 19 centered community radio programming will run from weekly for four  ( 4 )  months.
[ 29th March 4th April 2021, Yobe State, Nigeria ]  CHALLENGES: Non state Armed Groups  ( NSAGs )  attacks on hospitals and PHC centers are disrupting COVID 19 response and health services in the affected LGAs  ( Geidam and Gujba LGAs ) . Insecurity and military operations are limiting contact tracing, active case search, and community sensitization in security compromised LGAs. Bad geographical is limiting access to remote communities to sustain COVID 19 prevention activities.
[ 16th Mar 2021,North east Nigeria ] Faecal sludge management is poor, with limited infrastructure to support liquid waste from desludging, which can be a factor in the numerous acute watery diarrhoea cases annually. Additionally, flooding is a major concern in that it circulates untreated faecal sludge and exposes households to infection. Newly reported acute diarrhoea cases average 1,500 2,000 individuals bi weekly, further evincing the WASH needs.
[ 22nd July 2021, Nigeria ] In addition, the proportion of children who are wasted    where a child is too thin for their height    is approximately twice as high in the North East at 10% and North West at 9%. In the other zones, the percentage is at 4% 6%. This gap in child malnutrition between northern and southern Nigeria has been constant over time.
[ 1st June 2021, Northeast Nigeria ] Treatment of mental disorders has continued at PHC levels by trained health workers on mhGAP where 1,3,12 patients with mental health disorders comprising of 566 males and 746 females in 7 LGAs  ( Damboa, Jere, Kaga, Kala Balge, Mafa, MMC and Nganzai ) . A Total of 68 health care workers in Yobe State were trained on mhGAP from 14th – 18th June 2021 at Summit Hall and Desert Multipurpose Hall, all in Damaturu. This is aimed at building their capacity to provide basic mental health care at the community levels.
[ 18th June 2021, Nigeria ] In 2020 the Nigerian economy shrank by 1.8%, its deepest decline since 1983. The COVID 19 crisis drove the economic slowdown; the external context was marked by capital outflows, intensified risk aversion, low oil prices and shrinking foreign remittances.
[ 15th   21st Mar 2021, Yobe state, Nigeria ]  The SPHCMB, in collaboration with the WHO communications team, conducted the motorized campaign in high burden LGAs of Damaturu, Bade, Potiskum, and Nguru. Yobe SMOH, in collaboration with WHO HTR teams and AVADAR informants, UNICEF VCMs, and CGPP volunteers, conducted mass community sensitization, reaching 10,207 people with COVID 19 prevention messages.The SPHCMB and CRS, with support from WHO, conducted mass community sensitization through radio jingles and phone in programs at Yobe State Broadcasting Cooperation  ( YBC )  and Radio Nigeria Sunshine on FM 88.1
[ 15th   21st Mar 2021, Yobe state, Nigeria ]  Breakdown of the COVID 19 testing machine and hence no testing was conducted in week 11 . Non state Armed Groups  ( NSAGs )  attacks on hospitals and PHC centers are disrupting COVID 19 response and health services in the affected LGAs  ( Geidam and Gujba LGAs ) . Insecurity and military operations are limiting contact tracing, active case search, and community sensitization in security compromised LGAs . Bad geographical is limiting access to remote communities to sustain COVID 19 prevention activities
[ 16th Mar 2021,North east Nigeria ] Lands where contamination is suspected according to available information shall be non technically surveyed to confirm the presence or absence of explosive ordnance. Contamination is relatively concentrated: data collected since 2016 indicate that more than 56% of all incidents in the BAY states happened in 7 LGAs. The three LGAs of Gwoza, Konduga and Bama account for more than 35% of all incidents.
[ 15th March, 2021, Nigeria ]  Broadcast of weekly Community Radio Program by Radio Nigeria Fombina FM and Adamawa State Broadcasting Corporation  ( ABC )  Radio specifically on promoting compliance to safety protocols, voluntary testing, wearing facemask and handwashing is currently ongoing. The Covid 19 centered community radio programming will run from weekly for four  ( 4 )  months.
[ 1st 7th March, 2021, Nigeria ]  Broadcast of weekly Community Radio Program by Radio Nigeria Fombina FM and Adamawa State Broadcasting Corporation  ( ABC )  Radio specifically on promoting compliance to safety protocols, voluntary testing, wearing facemask and handwashing is currently ongoing .The Covid 19 centered community radio programming will run from weekly for four  ( 4 )  months.
[ 16th Mar 2021,North east Nigeria ] In addition, 4,230 affected people are currently living outside in the open with no shelters; 34,300 people are living in makeshift shelters; and 1,052,000 people are living in emergency shelters, buildings and government facilities. The majority of the IDPs with shelter/NFI needs are located in Borno State, where 1,547,000 people live in camps and camps like settings, often congested due to limited spaces, with regular inflow of new arrivals. Access to land to construct shelters for vulnerable people living in host communities is also a concern as available land is often outside the perimeter of the military security trenches.
[ 16th Mar 2021,North east Nigeria ] Affected Population: An estimated 2.8 million people across north east Nigeria remain in critical need of sustained, equitable access to clean water and dignified hygiene and sanitation services.
[ 10th Mar 2021, Northeast Nigeria ] Staple prices such as maize, millet, and sorghum are relatively higher in conflict affected areas, including Maiduguri, Mubi, Biu, Damaturu, Potiskum, among others, relative to less conflictprone areas. This is mainly attributable to increased transaction costs, the constrained flow of goods, and higher demand for food in these areas.
[ 5th July   11th July 2021 Nigeria ]  Cholera : As at July11, 2021,a total of 19,305 suspected cases including 479 deaths  ( CFR 2.5% ) havebeenreportedfrom 18 states and FCT ( Benue,Delta,Zamfara,Gombe, Bayelsa,Kogi,Sokoto,Bauchi,Kano,Kaduna,Plateau,Kebbi,CrossRiver,Niger, Nasarawa, Jigawa, Yobe, KwaraandFCT )  since the beginning of 2021. Of the reported cases since the beginning of the year,11.0%are aged5 14years. Of all suspected cases,52% are males and 48% are females.
[ 14th July 2021, Nigeria ]  Some travel agents have bewailed the recent increase in the naira dollar exchange rate, saying the travel industry is yet to recover from the impact of the COVID 19 pandemic. The Central Bank of Nigeria had in May devalued the naira as it adopted the NAFEX exchange rate of N410.25 per dollar as its official exchange rate, days after removing the N379/$ rate from its website.
[ 16th Mar 2021, North east Nigeria ]  For many survivors of gender based violence  ( GBV ) , reaching available services such as the police, the judiciary and healthcare requires an untenable investment of time, resources, and determination to overcome socio cultural barriers. Many women have lost their husbands, and they are now the ones providing for their families which is very hard with no prior skills because of long standing gender inequalities.
[ 12th  25th July 2021, Borno State ]  Surveillance: • No new confirmed case reported for week 28/29, total confirmed cases stand at 1,344. • No contacts on monitoring. • Intra/inter country border screening continues across the state.
[ 16th Mar 2021,North east Nigeria ] Access to sanitation is fragile from wear and tear of emergency type constructions, continuous displacements, and seasonal flooding. Such erosion of sanitation access raises rates of open defecation and reduces handwashing practices. A critical gap for the sector is sanitation needs for persons with special needs, women and children to ensure safety and equitable access; solving these issues of proximity and design of the facilities is likely to require additional resources
[ 16th Mar 2021,North east Nigeria ] For access to safe, clean water: 1.02 million people receive less than 15 litres per person per day, and about 1.06 million people have intermittent water access over 500 meters walking distance and around 30 minutes queuing time at water points.
[ 16th Mar 2021,North east Nigeria ] According to the MSNA data, the total population in need of humanitarian WASH is 2.8 million people, comprising: 583,000 children  ( 57% )  and 200,000 women  ( 20% )  with insufficient water, while 1.3 million children and 487,000 women have no access to sanitation and 1.6 million children and 576,000 women have no access to handwashing facilities that have running water and soap. Area based data from camps and settlements further detail the main issues as follows.
[ 16th Mar 2021,North east Nigeria ] Further development of sanitation solutions, e.g. briquettes, and urban sanitation solutions are being considered. It is clear that major investment is needed for faecal sludge management. The need to balance design between protracted displacement where more durable type construction is allowed, and new and emergency settlements where temporary structures can be built, is acute.  ( For example, in some camps that have been in existence for five years, tarpaulin remains the material for latrine superstructures. )   )
[ 8th 15th Mar 2021, Borno State, Nigeria ]  13 new cases were confirmed for the reported week • Total number of Confirmed Cases as at end of epi week 10 stands at 1,321 • 29 active cases receiving care. • Total number of patients discharged for the week – 19 • Cumulative number discharged so far – 1,254 • No death recorded in week 10 • Total associated deaths – 38  ( 26 in Isolation facilities and 12 community death. )  • Distribution of confirmed cases by LGA   254 from Jere, 944 from MMC, 16 from Gwoza, 3 from Damboa, 4 from Bayo, 12 from Biu, 1 from Gubio, 1 from Munguno, 1 from Kaga, 1 from Mobbar, 65 from Konduga, 2 from Nganzai, 2 from Shani, 6 from Hawul and 6 from Ngala LGAs
On the 22nd of January 2020, the first public health advisory was published and widely disseminated using traditional and social media. Subsequently,on the 26th of January, 2020, NCDC established a multisectoral National Coronavirus Preparedness Group  ( NCPG )  to ensure a cohesive and effective coordination of the country's preparedness efforts. The NCPG met daily to review global COVID 19 epidemiology, assess the risk of spread, and initiate measures to strengthen the country's preparedness for early detection and timely response in the event of a COVID 19 outbreak in Nigeria.
[ 11th July 2021, Rivers State, Nigeria ]  Already, the state has established a COVID 19 Task Force Committee, headed by the state Commissioner for Information, Paulinus Nsirim, and the Permanent Secretary, Primary Healthcare Management Board, Agba Aggreye Harry. Recently, the taskforce met with various stakeholders and set up a WhatsApp platform, where information and updates about the vaccines are being circulated.
[ 12th  25th July 2021, Borno State ]  Case Management: • No case in isolation center at the end of epi week 28/29. • No patient discharged at the end of the week • Total discharges –1,306, No death reported for the week.
[ 16th Mar 2021,North east Nigeria ] Affected Population: Displacement of vulnerable people and destruction of shelters continues to be the main driver of shelter and NFI needs across BAY states, which exposes the most vulnerable people to significant protection risks that threaten their dignity, physical well being and living standard. As a result, more than 2,383,000 people across BAY states need shelter and NFI assistance. This includes 1,133,000 women and children in camps or camp like settings who have no access to shelter and NFI assistance.
[ 16th Mar 2021,North east Nigeria ] More than 1.5 million people are exposed to the risk of explosive remnants of war, including improvised mines and other improvised explosive devices, in Borno, northern parts of Adamawa and eastern parts of Yobe. These risks cause deaths and physical and psycho social injuries, and hamper safe access to homes, livelihoods, services and education. Currently, Nigerian authorities and institutions cannot safely, effectively and efficiently dispose of explosive hazards accumulated since 2009 up to the international mineaction standards
[ 16th Mar 2021,North east Nigeria ] Women and girls are also affected by incidents happening in the household, when family members bring unwittingly explosive items from the outside. Boys are also particularly at risk when pursuing livelihoods as metal scrap collection. Boys are also more likely to collect explosive items unintentionally because they enjoy more freedom of movement than girls. Any individual travelling along the roads, especially in Konduga, Bama, Gwoza and Damboa LGAs, is at risk of encountering improvised landmines. As a result, needs for explosive ordnance risk education  ( EORE )  pertain to all population groups and shall be framed following specific risks and also delivered in languages that avoid exclusion for lack of education.
[ 16th Mar 2021,North east Nigeria ] The need for explosive ordnance risk education ( EORE )  remains high, particularly in Borno with 1.16 million people in need. The EORE needs are also apparent in Adamawa and Yobe, where more than 200,000 and 176,000 people respectively need this. EORE is crucial to recognize dangerous items and areas and to have the knowledge to protect oneself and resume a safer life in contaminated areas. Stakeholders should sustain efforts to include EORE in the school curriculum; however, given the high number of children still out of school, direct delivery of EORE outside school settings should continue. The delivery of EORE must include adults who engage in activities that put them at risk of encountering explosive ordnance.
[ 16th Mar 2021,North east Nigeria ] The Sector needs analysis takes into consideration the needs of about 1.7 million IDPs in need residing in camps and host communities, returnees  ( both returning IDPs and refugee returnees coming back to places of origin from previous displacement within and outside the Nigerian, plus a contingency estimate of those who will return ) , non displaced host communities, and remaining people in inaccessible locations who require life saving emergency shelter response.
[ 16th Mar 2021,North east Nigeria ] WASH needs  ( mainly access to clean, safe water for drinking, hygiene and sanitation )  have continued to increase in scale and severity across north east Nigeria. The recent COVID 19 outbreak has made WASH needs more complex. Movements of people  new displacements and returns  ( self organised or government led )  have constrained access to safe water. Protracted displacement is taxing host communities' resilience because of the high pressure on the existing, already overburdened water points and sanitation facilities. New displacements to locations with difficult groundwater potential  ( aquifer depths often over 100 meters )  have necessitated emergency water provision through water trucking, and impose greater costs for in depth hydrogeological studies and optimisation of water points
[ 16th Mar 2021,North east Nigeria ] The severity and urgency of needs vary across locations, but are similar across target groups. The target groups include: IDPs across the camps and settlements, mainly women, children and elderly; returnees  ( refugees and IDPs ) ; vulnerable host communities; locations with the highest IDP burden; households with vulnerable members including female/single headed households, child headed households, etc. Loss of income, large family size, and similar factors are additional factors of vulnerability. While there is a high vulnerability across all groups, available data shows that most women and children  ( over 51% )  have reported severe needs for water, hygiene and sanitation.
[ 16th Mar 2021,North east Nigeria ] Access to sanitation: Lack of space, adverse weather, landowners' unwillingness to allow access to their lands for construction of new sanitation facilities, wear and tear of emergency facilities, and demand for desludging have forced vulnerable people to resort to open defecation, crowding and associated privacy issues around facilities. New arrivals increase pressure on existing facilities while a lack of investment and policy shift to change design from temporary to more durable and improved designs have left thousands of sanitation facilities not functional.
[ 11th July 2021, Rivers State, Nigeria ]  Nigeria, the second worst hit African country by COVID 19 after South Africa is faced with a weak public health system, coupled with incessant doctors' strike, and the country can barely meet the World Health Organisation  ( WHO )  recommendation of 60 per cent to 70 per cent COVID 19 vaccine coverage to control, and end the pandemic.
[ 12th  25th July 2021, Borno State ]  Infection Prevention and Control: • Monitoring of COVID 19 IPC implementation continues at health facilities across the state.
[ 16th Mar 2021,North east Nigeria ] The elderly, women and pregnant women were the most affected by food insecurity. Also, food scarcity at the household level during the pandemic contributed to an increase in stress levels that potentially affected mental well being. In most instances, women had to eat last or miss meals as a coping mechanism risked exposing themselves to the virus in search of food for the family. Adolescent girls from male headed households were at higher risk of being given to early or forced marriage, which heads of household considered a coping mechanism to reduce residential crowding for the sake of social distancing
[ 16th Mar 2021,North east Nigeria ] Safety and Protection Protection needs are formidable. Women and girls are under threat of sexual or gender based violence and abduction, for example when venturing outside the trenches that surround many IDP camps to collect firewood or work agricultural fields, though also within IDP camps. Gender based violence is rampant, as are forced and child marriages; women and girls still lack adequate protection and access to education and services.
[ 16th Mar 2021,North east Nigeria ] Desperation drives women to negative coping strategies such as exchanging sex for food and other necessities. These all engender greater maternal mortality, morbidity such as fistula, unwanted pregnancies, and girls dropping out of school. Displacement and returns impose high risk on separated and unaccompanied children. Boys and adolescent males  ( and to a lesser extent girls and adolescent females )  risk forcible recruitment by armed groups or suspicion on the part of authorities of association with armed groups. Many children, especially boys, are obliged by circumstances to engage in unsafe labour and/or drop out of school.
[ 16th Mar 2021,North east Nigeria ]  High prevalence of malaria, measles, diarrhea and acute respiratory diseases compounded by the COVID 19 pandemic pose a severe threat to the health of IDPs, returnees and the host community. The main underlying causes of high disease incidences include flooding during the rainy season, lack of access to safe potable water and sanitation infrastructure, and other vulnerabilities arising from protracted displacement into overcrowded and under serviced camps and settlements and underlying poverty.
[ 16th Mar 2021,North east Nigeria ] Returnee: Many of these households resettled in their villages after several years of being detached from livelihoods and traditional solidarity systems. The conflict has left 23% of returnee families to be headed by a single  ( divorced or widowed )  household member, 15% being female headed. About 17% of returnee households have a family member with physical or mental disability, and 47% have a family member currently pregnant or lactating
[ 16th Mar 2021,North east Nigeria ] Although reported cases declined in 2020 compared to 2019, the risk of measles and AWD outbreaks persists. Some 4,890 cases of measles have been reported in the BAY states to date in 2020  ( as of 8 November for Born and 31 October for Yobe ) , a decrease of 78% from 2019. Borno State reported 39,310 cases of AWD, a reduction of 18% from 2019. However, reported cases of malaria in Borno State increased by almost 10% to 307,175 in 2020 from 279,389 in 2019, while Yobe state reported 209,861 cases in 2020. According to early warning alert and response  ( EWARS )  data, malaria remains the highest cause of morbidity and mortality in Borno State. The malaria season peaks during rainy season from July to August and in October.
[ 16th Mar 2021,North east Nigeria ] The shift in social and gender roles has particularly exposed women and adolescent girls to greater burdens and vulnerabilities. There are many female headed households, and many displaced women and girls have found their lives permanently changed, without the traditional protection and income support that their male relatives used to provide. Even where the male members of the household are present, they are hardly able to fully provide for families, forcing women to find new ways of earning incomes, including negative coping mechanisms such as child labour, forced and child marriages, street begging, borrowing, forced prostitution and transactional sex in exchange for food or other assistance.
[ 16th Mar 2021,North east Nigeria ]  Female headed households, for example, are at higher risk of sexual and physical violence and are also more likely to experience rape, sexual abuse, and sexual exploitation as they engage in survival sex to access to food, shelter, or non food items. This is compounded by the fact that the social fabric, including the supporting mechanisms and institutions, has collapsed and cannot provide protection to the most vulnerable such as the elderly, women, and children.
[ 16th Mar 2021,North east Nigeria ]  Since the start of the crisis, 910 schools have been damaged or destroyed while more than 1,500 have been forced to close. 611 teachers have been killed and 19,000 displaced – all these leaving about 900,000 children without access to learning. Across IDP camps, 50% of the children do not have access to functional primary schools; many of them rely on alternative basic education but 32% do not have access even to that, meaning they have access to no kind of education.
[ 16th Mar 2021,North east Nigeria ]  Where essential goods and services are in short supply, affected people resort to negative coping strategies including transactional sex. Moreover, women, men, boys, and girls have been forced to be combatants or suicide bombers, or are asked to provide intelligence for military operations. At the same time, the high incidence of family separation, including children and adults, have affected the mental health of the IDP population.
[ 16th Mar 2021,North east Nigeria ]  Many IDPs  ( 81% of whom are women and children )  are living without access to adequate health care. The vaccination coverage for IDP households, especially for those living outside camps is far from universal.  ( The Health sector does not calculate precise coverage percentages among IDPs because the dynamic nature of this population precludes a reliable denominator. )  What we have is absolute numbers of under 5 children vaccinated in amongst IDPs during vaccination campaigns. This is partially due to movement restrictions and measures to contain the spread of COVID 19, unavailability of vaccines, or postponements of campaigns for reasons such as insecurity.
[ 16th Mar 2021,North east Nigeria ] Coping mechanisms: Few coping mechanisms are available to IDPs aside from heavy reliance on humanitarian aid. This dependency is much higher for IDPs who live in camps because of movement restrictions and paucity of livelihood opportunities. Several reports show when there is a delay in, or shortage of, humanitarian assistance like food because of pipeline breaks, IDPs immediately fall into negative coping mechanisms, including survival sex and early marriage. Many families have reported skipping meals because of shortage of firewood or cooking fuel.
[ 16th Mar 2021,North east Nigeria ]  Among IDPs in camps and camp like settings, petty trade is the main livelihood activity for 38%, followed by daily wage laborer  ( 26% )  and farming  ( 25% ) . Among IDPs in host communities, by contrast, the majority  ( 60% )  engage in farming, followed by petty trade  ( 15% )  and daily wage labor  ( 14% ) 60. Some 88% of IDP households have reported that they do not earn enough for their monthly consumption. A family emergency forces many of the IDPs to fall into debt or sale of productive assets. Moreover, 4% of IDP households report resorting to begging as a coping mechanism, which erodes their dignity.
[ 16th Mar 2021 North east Nigeria ] Host Communities: In the prevailing conflict situation, farming households confront multiple challenges. The conflict hampers access to essential farming inputs for example the military, and national counter terrorism laws, regulate and restrict movement of nitrate based fertilizer  ( because of its explosive potential ) . Transport of inputs in and produce out becomes more expensive and less timely. Movement restrictions impede farmers from accessing their farms or searching for work.
[ 16th Mar 2021, North east Nigeria ] Host Communities: Low investment in social service infrastructure by consecutive governments over the years impact on living conditions in many of these areas. Almost 10% of this population cannot access primary health care services in less than three hours' walk. Many of the schools are partially destroyed by the conflict and lack of investment in rehabilitation. The students per teacher ratio remains high even by sub Saharan African standards.
[ 12th March 2021 Nigeria ]  Recent OAG attacks in Borno targeted humanitarian facilities and IDP camps, causing secondary displacement and disrupting aid operations. Meanwhile, persistent insecurity in northwestern Nigeria has generated urgent need for humanitarian assistance.
[ 16th Mar 2021,North east Nigeria ]  Host Communities: Looking at the different population groups, 61% of the IDP households prioritized food, followed by 30% that prioritized cash income. 50% of the returnee households prioritized food while 37% of prioritized cash income or livelihoods. Host communities showed similar prioritization: of them, 43% of households indicated food as their immediate need while 41% prioritized cash income or livelihoods.
[ 1st Jan 2020,North east Nigeria ] The massive displacement, insecurity, and restrictions on freedom of movement have prevented access to land to practice agriculture. The significant deterioration of the situation throughout 2020 has engendered widespread and rising unemployment, disproportionately hitting women and youths. The impact on women is higher, considering that they usually have fewer economic opportunities and livelihood assets than men
[ 16th Mar 2021, North east Nigeria ] Host community children, IDPs and returnees living in host communities may have better access to schools, but often also struggle in schools which do not have conducive learning conditions such as overcrowding or lack of supplies and qualified teachers. Key needs include: access to non formal or alternative education close to home, either as a bridge to return to formal education or as a means to provide children and youth with the literacy and numeracy skills they need. Additionally, formal schools and traditional alternative education opportunities such as Qur'anic schools need support to provide effective education for children and youth.
[ 16th Mar 2021,North east Nigeria ] The IDPs, returnees and host communities in the conflict affected areas face significantly reduced land access for agricultural production due to insecurity. This naturally constrains sustainable livelihoods for men and women. Cooking fuel remains a major problem despite fuel having been added to the Food Assistance Basket Items: its lack poses serious protections threats to women and girls, who mainly go out to collect firewood for cooking, or to men and women who go out to collect firewood or other forest resources to sell for income
[ 16th Mar 2021,North east  Nigeria ] About 40% of IDPs in need report GBV concerns related to lack of GBV services, underage pregnancy and cases of disappearance and abduction. Analysis of historical data indicates that about 43% of the IDPs in need live near explosive hazardous areas; approximately 1,900 individuals have suffered disability caused by explosive ordnance. Returnees and host community members report a similar set of conditions, including property related concerns and threats of eviction.
[ 16th Mar 2021, North east Nigeria ] The COVID 19 pandemic has further weakened coping capacities for families to provide and care for children; poor households in north east Nigeria face more difficulty in accessing food as food prices and annual inflation increase, and food availability is expected to decrease. Protection risks are heightened for girls, mainly adolescent girls who are most at risk of sexual violence and as a result of the pandemic, are also at a high risk losing out on education opportunities amongst denial of realization of other rights.
[ 16th Mar 2021,North east  Nigeria ] Adolescent girls, particularly those in camps and host communities, face the highest risk of sexual violence within the community, violence by armed groups including abduction, killing and rape, and are most at risk of denial of realization of their rights, particularly the right to education. Boys aged 13 17 years are significantly at risk of conflict related violence including abduction, killing and recruitment. They are also at risk of child labour as a coping mechanism to support household incomes. Vulnerable parents and caregivers constitute 7% of the total people who need protection services.
[ 16th Mar 2021,North east Nigeria ] In 60% of the LGAs in the north east, survivors of GBV do not have access to comprehensive GBV case management services  ( multi sectoral service provision ) , which is critical in assisting survivors. This includes: gaps in health services, including clinical management and forensic evidence; inadequate mental health and psycho social support services; limited legal or justice assistance; and limited functionality of safe shelter facilities all of which compounds the risks to survivors. Safe and confidential survivor centred services must be made reliably available. If these conditions are not met, survivors may be deterred from reporting incidents of GBV which may allow long lasting physical, social, medical and emotional consequences. Strengthening the capacity of responding actors to provide survivorcentred services in a dignified and respectful manner is critical.
[ 16th Mar 2021, North east Nigeria ] Coupled with the current COVID 19 situation, more of these people now report resorting to at least one negative coping strategy, including child labour, child marriage and commercial sex  ( particularly among young women and girls ) . IDPs and returnees both face discrimination and fear of forced eviction, which is affecting their general HLP rights. Unaccompanied children and female headed household particularly struggle to get a place to stay
[ 12th March 2021 Nigeria ]  The UN notes that IDPs residing in both formal camps and informal camps and settlements continue to experience limited access to basic services, crowded living conditions, significant protection risks, and inadequate shelter and water, sanitation, and hygiene  ( WASH )  facilities. While needs remain most critical in informal settlements, IDPs living in host communities with dwindling resources are also encountering limited access to basic services. In addition, the UN reports that returnees continue to face insecurity, risks from unexploded ordnance  ( UXO )  contamination, and humanitarian needs generated by insufficient access to services and livelihood opportunities upon return to their communities of origin.
[ 8th 14th Mar 2021, Nigeria ]  The total number of confirmed COVID 19 cases is two hundred and ninety three  ( 293 ) . Seventy nine  ( 79 )  cases from Damaturu, fifty eight  ( 58 )  cases from Nguru, thirty  ( 30 )  cases from Fika, twenty nine cases  ( 29 )  cases from Potiskum, twenty seven  ( 27 )  cases from Bade, twenty five  ( 25 )  cases from Nangere, nine  ( 9 )  cases from Jakusko seven  ( 7 )  cases from Karasuwa, six  ( 6 )  cases from Yusufari, five  ( 5 )  cases from Tarmuwa, four  ( 4 )  cases from Gujba, and Fune, three  ( 3 )  cases each from Gulani, and Bursari, and Geidam have two  ( 2 )  cases, and two  ( 2 )  other LGAs  ( Yunusari, and Machina )  have one  ( 1 )  case each  The total number of active confirmed cases in the state is five  ( 5 )
[ 8th 14th Mar 2021, Yobe state, Nigeria ]   The SPHCMB, in collaboration with the WHO communications team, conducted the motorized campaign in high burden LGAs of Damaturu, Bade, Potiskum, and Nguru  Yobe SMOH, in collaboration with WHO HTR teams and AVADAR informants, UNICEF VCMs, and CGPP volunteers, conducted mass community sensitization, reaching 8,401 people with COVID 19 prevention messages  The SPHCMB and CRS, with support from WHO, conducted mass community sensitization through radio jingles and phone in programs at Yobe State Broadcasting Cooperation  ( YBC )  and Radio Nigeria Sunshine on FM 88.1.
[ 8th 14th Mar 2021, Yobe state, Nigeria ]  Breakdown of the COVID 19 testing machine leading low COVID 19 testing in week 10. Non state Armed Groups  ( NSAGs )  attacks on hospitals and PHC centers are disrupting COVID 19 response and health services in the affected LGAs  ( Geidam and Gujba LGAs )  Insecurity and military operations are limiting contact tracing, active case search, and community sensitization in security compromised LGAs . Bad geographical is limiting access to remote communities to sustain COVID 19 prevention activities
[ 12th 18th April 2021, Nigeria: Adamawa State ]  A total of 32 fatalities associated with COVID 19 have been reported since outbreak. CFR= 3.0%. Total of 485 recoveries have been recorded since onset of outbreak. Out of this number, 274 were from treatment facility while 212 were from home care.
[ 1st Apr 2014,North east Nigeria ] The dimension of children in violent conflicts in northern Nigeria gained momentum in 2013 when Boko Haram adopted the strategy of direct attacks on schools, hospitals and centres for internally displaced people. It started with the midnight raid of a dormitory in Gujba, Yobe State, leading to the murder of 44 schoolboys by the terrorist group in September 2013. Five months later, another boarding school was attacked, and 59 boys were murdered in the same state. In April 2014, 276 schoolgirls were abducted in Chibok in Borno State
[ 28th Mar 2021, Nigeria ]  Over 500,000 Nigerians have received their first dose of the Oxford AstraZeneca COVID 19 vaccines, data released by the National Primary Health Care Development Agency  ( NPHCDA )  shows. As of Sunday, 513,626 eligible Nigerians have been vaccinated in 35 states and the Federal Capital Territory  ( FCT ) . The data, published on Sunday evening, shows that Kogi State is yet to commence vaccination against the virus which has infected about 162,000 people in the country.
[ 16th Mar 2021, North east Nigeria ] In the northeast, children have been murdered, abducted and used as sex slaves, forcefully recruited as child soldiers, and suffer from diseases and malnutrition at the Internally Displaced Persons camps. The United Nations says almost 4,000 children were killed in just a year, 2015 to 2016. UNICEF reported that an estimated 1.9 million people are displaced    and about 60% of them are children; many under the age of five.
[ 5th July   11th July 2021 Nigeria ]  Laboratory surveillance:  Supported testing of samples received from Benue,Niger,Plateau,Bauchi,Jigawa, Kaduna,Kano,KwaraandFCTatNCDC National Reference Laboratory ( NRL ) ,Abuja.  Planned training of State Laboratory Scientists on sample collection and analysis
[ 17th Mar 2021, Kano, Nigeria ]  Mobility trends: In the reporting period, at the Kano FMP, on average, 1,124 individuals were observed daily. There were no changes in the number of individuals observed since the previous month. There was a major decline in movements recorded on 21 February, movements were restricted by fear of border closure as a result of the presidential runoff election that was held in Niger and people stayed back to vote
[ 10 mar, 2021, Nigeria  ]  With a population close to 256,000, including a mix of Christians, Muslims and traditionalists, Sagamu is known for its agricultural products such as cocoa and kola nuts. The region's rich vegetation and large masses of unoccupied or unused land continue to attract people to develop an interest in agriculture. Yet, the region has high rates of unemployment and underemployment, as well as a low rate of formal education.
[ 12th  25th July 2021, Borno State ]  Total number of contacts line listed for follow up – 6,508 • Total initial Samples tested so far in UMTH laboratory stands at 20,866 • Cumulative positivity rate 7% • Cumulative samples collected for week 28/29 was 182. • EOC meets Monday and Friday to review the activities of all the pillars under the leadership of the IM
[ 9th March 2021, North East, Nigeria ] The lingering conflict in Nigeria's North East Zone has been the major cause of widespread population displacement. Over 2 million persons have been forced to leave their areas of residence in search of safety and security in neighboring Wards and LGAs.
[ 17th Mar 2021, Kano, Nigeria ]  Types of flows: All observed travellers were undertaking a trans boundary movement  ( 26% were entering the country, while 74% were leaving the country ) . Departure/Origin and destination: In February 2021, the main cities from which individuals travelled from  ( inflow )  were Zinder  ( 46% ) , Maradi  ( 41% )  and Diffa  ( 10% )  in Niger. Travellers from Nigeria  ( outflow )  were primarily headed to Zinder  ( 48% ) , Maradi  ( 36% )  and Diffa  ( 11% )  in Niger. The modes of transportation were car  ( 59% )  and bus  ( 41% ) . Traveller profiles: While 67 per cent of travellers were adult male, 19 per cent were adult female and 14 per cent were children  ( 5% female children, 9% male children )
[ 5th July   11th July 2021 Nigeria ]  Risk communications:  Cholera jingles are being aired in English and local languages  Community socialmobilisation,distribution of Information,Education and Communication ( IEC ) materials and awareness campaigns ongoing in affected communities  Continued follow up with states for update on risk communication
[ 12th  25th July 2021, Borno State ]  No new case confirmed for the reported period • Total number of confirmed cases as at end of epi week 28/29 stands at 1,344 • No active case receiving care. • No patient was discharged for the period of reporting. • Cumulative number discharged so far – 1,307 • No death recorded in the reporting period. • Total associated deaths – 38  ( 26 in Isolation facilities and 12 community death )  • Distribution of confirmed cases by LGA   256 from Jere, 946 from MMC, 16 from Gwoza, 3 from Damboa, 13 from Bayo, 12 from Biu, 1 from Gubio, 1 from Munguno, 1 from Kaga, 1 from Mobbar, 73 from Konduga, 2 from Nganzai, 2 from Shani, 7 from Hawul and 6 from Ngala LGAs
[ 12th  25th July 2021, Borno State ]  Risk communication/Social mobilization: • Jingles on COVID 19 protocols, rumors and misconceptions on vaccination, destigmatization is ongoing in Kanuri, Hausa, Shuwa Arab, and Mbura on BRTV, DANDAL KURA and PEACE FM radio station supported by UNICEF, IRC, Translators Without Borders and UK Aids. • Continued advocacy and sensitization for second dose of COVID 19 vaccination
[ 1st   7th Mar 2021, Borno state, Nigeria ]  Motorized Public Campaign on COVID 19 supported by UNICEF is ongoing in the state with focused on use of face mask, hand washing, timely reporting of case and physical distance. • Jingles on benefit of facemask, handwashing, social distance, de stigmatization is ongoing in Kanuri, Hausa, Shuwa Arab, Fulfulde, and Baburbura on BRTV, DANDAL KURA and PEACE FM radio station sponsored by UNICEF, NORWAGIAN REFUGE COUNCIL, RESCUE INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE and Translators without border in collaboration with DFID. • Point of entry screening activities continues across the state directed on the use of facemask, handwashing, physical distancing and environmental hygiene
[ 1st   7th Mar 2021, Borno state, Nigeria ]  32 new cases were confirmed for the reported week • Total number of Confirmed Cases as at end of epi week 9 stands at 1,308 • 55 active cases receiving care. • Total number of patients discharged for the week – 15 • Cumulative number discharged so far – 1,215 • No death recorded in week 9 • Total associated deaths – 38  ( 26 in Isolation facilities and 12 community death. )  • Distribution of confirmed cases by LGA   251 from Jere, 937 from MMC, 16 from Gwoza, 3 from Damboa, 4 from Bayo, 12 from Biu, 1 from Gubio, 1 from Munguno, 1 from Kaga, 1 from Mobbar, 62 from Konduga, 2 from Nganzai, 2 from Shani, 6 from Hawul and 6 from Ngala LGAs
[ 27th Feb 2020, Nigeria ] Prior to the confirmation of Nigeria's first case on the 27th of February 2020, NCDC began monitoring the COVID 19 outbreak in China and conducted several risk assessments of the threat to the country. Nigeria was identified by the World Health Organization  ( WHO )  as being at a high risk of possible importation of the virus. Following the risk assessment by NCDC and partners, some states were identified as priority areas. The initial risk assessment revealed significant gaps in critical areas including surveillance, points of entry  ( PoE )  monitoring, case management, laboratory, infection prevention and control  ( IPC )  and logistics.
[ 1st Apr 2020, Nigeria ] The NCDC ensured that Nigeria adopted the WHO Unity Protocols early, which provided context specific knowledge on COVID 19 whilst following standardised methodologies to allow comparison with other countries. In April 2020, NCDC commenced the implementation of the First Few Cases and Close Contacts study in the FCT to provide epidemiological exposure data and biological samples on initial cases and their contacts. This work was extended to three other states and has enabled characterisation of initial COVID 19 cases and understanding of transmission dynamics