nlp-thedeep/humsetbias huggingface dataset:
Reasons for boys dropout: Lack of food  14%, cattle rearing   14%, insecurity/displaced by conflict   12%, couldn't pay fees   11%, Looked for or found a job/work   9%, Long distance to school   7%, Domestic duties   5%, Marriage   5%, Planting/harvesting   5%, Other   17%
Non attendance by gender and region  ( 2018 )    Bahr el Ghazal: Girls   35%, Boys   30%
Non attendance by gender and region  ( 2018 )    Equatoria: Girls   34%, Boys   33%
Non attendance by gender and region  ( 2018 )    Upper Nile: Girls   46%, Boys   37%
Enrolment across the Regions by gender, 2018: Equatoria: Boys   53%, Girls   47%
Enrolment for 2017 & 2018 compared by gender: 2017: Boys   62%, Girls   38%; 2018: Boys 60%, Girls 40%.
Enrolment across the Regions by gender, 2018: Bahr El Ghazal: Boys   58%, Girls   42%
With respect to how long it takes to access a safe water source, to and from school, a majority  ( 59.1% )  reported taking under 10 minutes. Those who take between 10 and 30 minutes represented 21.8 percent of the respondents while those who take more than 30 minutes are 19.2 percent of the respondents.
Water sources are most likely to be more than 30 minutes away in Western Bahr el Ghazal  ( 41 per cent ) , Northern Bahr el Ghazal  ( 40 per cent )  and Upper Nile  ( 34 per cent ) .
Funding constraints for national partners impacts response capacity.
64% of older people surveyed have not been accessing their medicine since the COVID 19 outbreak. This trend is similar across the POC  ( Protection of Civilians )  and in urban Juba and has been caused by the reduction of income for many as well as the fear of going to health facilities.
KEY ACHIEVEMENTS  ( as reported for week 01 June   06 June 2020 )  : 113 health facilities assessed on IPC  ( Infection Prevention and Control )  WASH status
As part of Ebola and COVID 19 prevention and response, UNICEF South Sudan is co leading together with the Ministry of Health the Infection Prevention and Control  ( IPC )  and WASH efforts. To reduce the risk of COVID  19 transmission 250 health facilities are being supported with IPC and/or WASH services. So far triage and screen areas are set up in 23 health facilities, 49 health facilities provided with Personal Protection Equipment  ( PPE )  and IPC supplies and 343 health workers trained on IPC. Similarly, more than 1,500,000 people were reached with hygiene promotion and COVID 19 prevention and control messaging on weekly basis in IDP camps, PoC and refugee settlements as well as communities and other public places. 297 hand washing facilities were established in communities and health facilities and 8,565 people were provided with locally fabricated cloth masks.
Large return flows would put additional pressures on people's well being, living standards and resilience capacity, especially in locations where a high proportion of the population is already in severe or extreme need. Returns to areas of high needs could add additional strain on the peaceful coexistence of displaced, non displaced and returnee populations, depending on factors ranging from resource availability to land use, and from basic service provision to the extent of shared customary laws.
Between 2 and 9 December, United Nations Mission in South Sudan  ( UNMISS )  supported the Ministry of Youth and Sports in carrying out five inclusive public consultations, including three virtual consultations involving young people from across the country, on the African Youth Charter. The consultations sought to raise awareness of the content and importance of the Charter. Following the consultations, all stakeholders, including line ministries, parliamentarians, independent government bodies and youth led civil society organizations, unanimously endorsed the Charter and recommended its ratification by the Transitional National Legislative Assembly, once reconstituted.
United Nations Mission in South Sudan  ( UNMISS )  continued to receive alarming reports of censorship, harassment and arbitrary arrest and detention by the National Security Service of journalists, activists and other civilians expressing views that were critical or dissenting from those of the Government.
KEY ACHIEVEMENTS  ( as reported for week 01 June   06 June 2020 )  : 116 health facilities provided with PPE supplies
With the delayed appointment of the Governor of Upper Nile and tensions between residents of the site and the town of Malakal, the United Nations Mission in South Sudan  ( UNMISS )  continued to carefully monitor the situation while maintaining efforts to promote peaceful co existence in the area. It held two workshops with stakeholders from Malakal and the protection of civilians site, including traditional and youth leaders. Both workshops addressed issues of mistrust and the promotion of social cohesion between the two communities.
Furthermore, IOM supported Organizations for Persons with Disabilities in Wau and Juba with capacity building on COVID 19 messaging, including supporting them to conduct radio shows around the need for inclusion of persons with disabilities in the COVID 19 response. In addition, IOM provided face masks, buckets, and soap to support persons with disabilities with infection, prevention, and control.
South Sudan remained a protection crisis in 2020. Human rights violations, conflict, natural hazards and extremely limited livelihood opportunities put already vulnerable people, including IDPs, at increased risk.
Insecurity in areas affected by sub national and localized violence have led to people being newly displaced and have created new vulnerabilities.
COVID 19 related movement restrictions have slowed the flow of humanitarian cargo into and within South Sudan. WFP is working closely with all partners to ensure the safe and continuous delivery of assistance to the most vulnerable. Currently, a 14  day self quarantine has been established as an alternative prerequisite to a COVID 19 free certificate prior to inter state flights from Juba and Torit. The High Level Taskforce has also established escort of trucks from Nimule border point which should ease the passage of goods coming in from Uganda. WFP is expediting delivery of food from the Northern, Southern and Eastern corridors to South Sudan. The border status is being closely monitored.
Request and preposition contingency stocks of cholera investigation and case management kits
For the Bentiu PoC, there are a number of agencies providing medical assistance and hence, the production of medical waste material.
Training of frontline health workers on suspect cholera case identification
Despite the opening of major trade route to state capitals and rural markets, trade and market disruption on the Canal/Pigi to Renk road as well as movement restrictions in the Western Corridor  ( Juba Maridi )  and other parts of the country disrupted the free movement of goods and increased the cost of food items.
When compared to August/September 2018, the proportion of households that resorted to eating less preferred food increased by 11.6 percent. Similarly, the proportion of households that reduced portion size at mealtimes, restricted adult consumption in favour of children and reduced the number of meals have both increased by 7.6, 9.5 and 1.9 percent respectively. Lakes, Central Equatoria, Northern Bahr el Ghazal and Upper Nile had the highest proportion of households that used food based coping strategies.
In Pibor town, 2 hand pumps  ( serving 1,000 people )  and 2 latrine stances  ( serving 40 people )  were repaired. In Likuangole, a hand pump serving 500 individuals was rehabilitated; and 480 HHs were reached through hygiene promotion messages in Gumuruk and Pibor town.
For a country that relies heavily on import of staple foods, rapid depreciation of the local currency from 2015 to date has made food imports more expensive, decreasing the purchasing power of households living with inelastic incomes and high rates of unemployment. Food prices increased sharply in 2019 in tandem with the currency devaluation, inflation, disrupted agricultural production and trade flows, limiting household economic access to food, affecting not only the poor who mainly rely on markets during the lean season but also the returnees, and IDPs who have lost assets and are yet to recover
The only counties reporting 90 percent or more households always defecated in latrines were Nzara  ( 97 percent ) , Maridi  ( 96 percent ) , Tambura and Ezo  ( 95 percent ) , Ibba  ( 91 percent )  and Yambio  ( 91 percent ) . Conversely, in 47 counties 10 percent or less of households reported using latrines ( December 2019 )
Some 9 in 10 households reported crop damage by fall armyworm across South Sudan, with sorghum and maize being the key crops affected. While 38.4 percent of households reported damage to only small area of small field, 24.8 percent reported damage on most of their maize crop. Similarly, damage to most of the sorghum crop was reported by 33.4 percent of households across the country, but 34.3 percent report damage to a small area. At the state level, highest incidence of maize crop damage by fall armyworm was reported in Unity  ( 46.3 percent ) , Upper Nile  ( 35.9 percent )  and Warrap  ( 32 percent ) . ( December 2019 )
The number of international flights has not returned to pre COVID 19 standards but Kenya Airways has announced a resumption of flights to Juba
Similarly, food assistance receipts for pulses in December 2019 was 44.9 percent for Unity, 27.4 percent for Jonglei and 18.8 percent, less than the 67 percent for Unity, 47 percent for Jonglei and 20 percent for Upper Nile in December 2019. For cooking oil, the proportion of households receiving assistance for Unity, Jonglei and Upper Nile were 43.2 percent, 21.6 percent and 18.9 percent respectively compared to 57 percent in Unity, 36 percent in Jonglei and 24 percent in Upper Nile in August 2019
The Logistics Cluster is temporarily, and for the first time since its activation, offering riverine transport from Juba to Bor as the Juba Bor road is not passable.
WASH Reported primary means of washing hands Soap   31% Ash/Sand   23% Water only  38% Don't wash   8%
Nationally, the proportion of households which received various food items in the form of food assistance during the 4 weeks preceding the assessment was 12.7 percent for cereal/tubers, 8.7 percent for pulses and 14 percent for oil. The largest share of cereals food assistance went to Unity  ( 38.7 percent ) , Jonglei  ( 34.5 percent )  and Upper Nile  ( 17.5 percent ) , with households in the remaining seven states receiving 6 percent or less each. There has been a marginal reduction in the proportion of sampled households receiving assistance compared to August 2019 for Unity and Jonglei, when it was 50 percent and 37 percent respectively.
Effectively, the household's access to food assistance has decreased across key states and appears to have been terminated in Western Bahr el Ghazal which had a significant proportion of food assistance beneficiary households in August 2019.
Enhance capacity of community structures and mechanisms to monitor and provide feedback on the quality of services in collaboration with local authorities.  [ IRNA Report:  [ Melut IDP settlements, Upper Nile ] ,  [ 12 13 January 2021 ] |
Although only 8 percent of households' reported hosting orphans across South Sudan, there are significant variation across states. The proportion of households hosting orphans are high in Central Equatoria  ( 15.9 percent ) , Lakes  ( 10.7 percent ) , Unity  ( 10.9 percent )  and Western Equatoria  ( 10.5 percent ) , whilst Western Bahr el Ghazal had the lowest proportion of 2.4 percent. ( December 2019 )
Cereals consumption was generally adequate across all states  ( 4 6 day on average ) . Consumption of pulses was highest in Western Bahr el Ghazal, while Upper Nile had the highest average consumption of protein rich foods due to greater access to fish and meat from the wild. Households in Unity had the highest consumption of dairy products at 3.56 days on average, and fruits in Western Equatoria states at 1.85 days on average. Western Bahr el Ghazal and Northern Bahr el Ghazal had the highest sugar consumption. ( 2019 )
Within the 10 states, Jonglei  ( 50 percent ) , Central Equatoria  ( 47 percent ) , Lakes  ( 49 percent )  and Warrap  ( 41 percent )  had the largest proportion of households with inadequate diets  ( 0 to 2 food groups ) . Food access challenges were widespread in several counties including Terekeka  ( 76 percent ) , Kapoeta Eastern  ( 55 percent ) , Akobo  ( 69 percent ) , Fangak  ( 88 percent ) , Nyirol  ( 76 percent ) , Pibor  ( 81 percent )  and Tonj north where most households consumed less than 3 food groups. ( December 2019 )
Generally, more than 8 in 10 households had inadequate food consumption in Central Equatorial and Jonglei, while 7 in 10 households had inadequate food consumption in Lakes and Western Bahr el Ghazal State. ( December 2019 )
The prevalence of food insecurity was higher among IDP returnees  ( 85.3 percent )  and IDPs  ( 80.4 percent )  than among residents  ( 65.5 percent )  and refugee households  ( 21.7 percent ) . This was attributable to IDPs having lost their livelihoods and income earning opportunities and are prone to shocks therefore limited purchasing power compared to resident households, whilst refugees receive food assistance on a monthly basis.
Whilst the food insecurity across states varied, there has been notable improvements in most states compared to December 2018 and 2017. Compared to December 2018, improvements have been noted in Lakes  ( 19.4 percent ) , Unity  ( 17.2 percent percent ) , Western Equatoria  ( 17.1 percent )  and Eastern Equatoria States  ( 11.9 percent )  but deteriorated in Jonglei by 10.2 percent and Warrap by 4.2 percent  ( Figure 1.3 ) . This improvement could be attributed to an increase in the proportion of households who cultivated crops from 71.2 percent in January 2019 to 91.9 percent in January 2020 and increased access to food assistance from 21.9 percent of households in December 2018 to 25.2 percent in December 2019.
The high prevalence of food insecurity in Jonglei was driven by widespread crop destruction by floods in Akobo  ( 41 percent ) , Duk  ( 85 percent ) , Fangak  ( 82.4 percent ) , Pibor  ( 20.5 percent ) , Pochalla  ( 38.6 percent )  and Twic East  ( 36.9 percent p ) . In Central Equatoria, food insecurity was driven by the combined impact of excessive rains/floods, unusually high food prices as well as loss of livelihood and income earning opportunities. In Upper Nile counties, food insecurity was mainly driven by crop damage by floods and excess rains, loss of livelihoods and income, coupled with unusually high food prices ( December 2019 )
As compared to December 2017, the prevalence of poor or low dietary diversity has also decreased by 5.2 percent. The prevalence of inadequate diets increased in Western Bahr el Ghazal and Warrap where the proportion of households which consumed 0 2 food groups in December 2019 increased by 6 percent and 10.3 percent respectively when compared to December 2018. However, this decreased in Central Equatoria  ( 15 percent ) , Lakes  ( 21 percent ) , Unity  ( 6 percent ) , Northern Bahr el Ghazal  ( 21 percent )  and Western Equatoria  ( 13 percent )
The highest proportion of food insecure households are found in Jonglei  ( 88.3 percent )  Central Equatoria  ( 82.3 percent )  and Upper Nile  ( 75.6 percent )   ( Figure 1.2 ) . For Jonglei, at least 4 in every 5 households in all counties were food insecure, with most of the affected facing severe food insecurity except for Pochalla and Twic East counties. ( December 2019 )
In the long term, training of pump mechanics to help in the maintenance of BH  ( Boma Health services )  is recommended
A cluster specific assessment may be recommended immediately following the flood to ascertain the needed repairs & quantify the necessary spare parts thereafter provide spare parts to rehabilitate broken BHs in areas where assessment was conducted. The required parts include; GI pipes, cylinders, connecting rods, first moving kits.
Distribution of chlorine for use by the communities displaced by floods but drinking from open water source. Specific focus to Motoronyo, Panakol, Langdit, and Yith magok
Chiec Teng primary school of Cueibet County, with about 600 learners do not have a water point as learners travel a distance of about 1.5km to get drinking water  ( in Achol Maleth ) .
In Wako of Wulu County, 3HHs were observed to be in functional state. Apparently, communities use these BHs to get clean water, but sanitation and hygiene remained points of concern
Generally, hygiene and sanitation remained very poor in the 13 locations visited by the assessment team.
Strengthen Blanket Supplementary Feeding Program  ( BSFP ) , which will target all modalities
Prepositioning of nutritional food for supplementary feeding Program since most of the crops have been lost in the floods and looming hunger is eminent and other obvious aggravating factors such as diarrheal diseases are expected.
Nutrition supplies at the program sites were available for 2 weeks except in Motoronyo and Aguod which have no sites.
As the floods are increasing, swiftness of the response is highly required to target the affected people as no other sources of livelihood are present.
The flood is feared to be increasing for the most parts of Cueibet and Wulu particularly Motoronyo. For other areas visited in Wulu, the floods are receding.
The affected populations are in urgent need of food assistance to cover the current immediate food gap. The total number of households identified during the Cueibet and Wulu IRNA is 5579 or approximately 27,895 individuals
For few who were given humanitarian assistance depend on that food for 3 4 days which is not enough for everybody in those locations since the registration was a targeted one
Majority of malnutrition screening for the last week of August showed predominant MAM, even though GAM rate was below the threshold, it is expected that malnutrition amongst under five and PLWs will increase because of looming lack of food due to crop failure.
In Motoronyo village of Wulu County where there were no sufficient amenities, families were displaced into open locations under trees. Uneven rains pattern in previous years has made communities to resort into cultivation in lowlands which had capability of retention of water to ensure better harvest. These locations proved disastrous when flooding occurred.
Gaps & Constraints • Funding constraints for national partners impacts response capacity. • More resources are required to expand case management services and rehabilitation of child friendly spaces/communal recreational facilities. • Access challenges in priority locations are impacting on the tracing and reunification of UASC and movement of critical protection staff.
A total of 65 children  ( 20 boys and 45 girls )  were registered and received case management services according to the vulnerability criteria, in Jonglei, Central, Eastern and Western Equatoria states by UNICEF.
Gaps & Constraints • Physical access is compromised due to high levels of water, including for canoes to reach the facilities. • Inadequate medical supplies and water spoiled drug stocks at static health facilities supported by partners. • Insufficient equipment for diagnosis e.g., weighing scale, stethoscope, B/P machine and pulse oximeter. • Lack of insecticide treated mosquito nets, while communities are staying in breeding places for mosquitoes • Availability of anti–venom is a challenge to meet the night needs of patients with snake bites, • Limited staff equipment to perform their duties: e.g., gumboots, raincoats and lights to work during the night. • Community seeking dry land around of some health facilities.
$5.8M requested for education flood emergency response
Jonglei has been the worst affected  ( over 400,000 people affected ) , followed by the Greater Pibor Administrative Area  ( more than 125,000 people ) , and Lakes area  ( 147,000 people ) . People were also affected in locations across Unity, Upper Nile, Warrap, Western Equatoria, Central Equatoria and Northern Bahr el Ghazal States
Gaps & Constraints • Funding required for 135,000 flood affected people • Plastic sheets are not available, as they had largely been used for the previous flood response, COVID 19 response and the newly displaced population from sub national and localized conflicts. • Most of flood affected area are inaccessible by road require air transport. • The procurement of the pipeline items takes longer than usual due to COVID 19 border restrictions.
Response • A total of 59,042 people in need of ES/NFI response reached • Secured funding for 225,000 people in need
Gaps & Constraints • No funds to support education flood response have been reported. • Some $5.8 million immediately needed to support the education of 171,000 affected children in a time when schools are reopening after six month long break. The funds provided will cover the construction and rehabilitation of TLS, water and sanitation infrastructure and provision of education supplies.
In Yei, 81% of households had no access to humanitarian aid as reported by the KIs in the three months prior to data collection
97% of KI households had received no humanitarian aid in the three months prior to data collection in Morobo
79% of KI households in Terekeka had not received any humanitarian aid in the three months prior to data collection
72% of KI households at Kajo Keji had received no humanitarian aid in the three months prior to data collection
Crucial information gaps remain in South Sudan, with poor access to many parts of the country due to insecurity and inadequate infrastructure. These information gaps limit the effectiveness of humanitarian planning and implementation. In addition, since COVID 19 travel restrictions were put in place to avoid the spread of the virus countrywide in March 2020, the ability to carry out data collection has been even more constrained.
345 individuals benefited from livelihood support activities.
The torrential rain which started in early July 2020 led to overflowing of some rivers/streams hence resulting to displacement of people. The flooding in Wulu started from July and throughout August.
Key achievements included more than 5 million people reached with food security and livelihood support  ( by Humanitarian Actors )
In Aweli North, the respondents said that the most common health issue is Malaria  ( 39% )
124 committee members received conflict mitigation trainings.
97 community members received Functional Adult Literacy training.
South Sudan's mobile money service provider, m Gurush, launched an international remittance transfer service on its mobile money platform in April 2020. Launched in 2019, m Gurush has a wide network of agents across South Sudan that enable customers to register, deposit and withdraw money. With this service, the company aims to tap into the market for movement of funds across the region and the globe, with customers able to send and receive money denominated either in US dollars or South Sudanese pounds. The m Gurush Mobile Money service is offered by Trinity Technologies Limited in partnership with Zain. Trinity Technologies is a local company specializing in the design and development of innovative financial services, online transactions and mobile payment systems.
Common Transport Services  ( CTS )  ensures the timely delivery of humanitarian relief items across the country. CTS also allows for the full time availability of 18 dedicated trucks to facilitate cargo movement for partner humanitarian organizations. These trucks are operated on a rotational basis to ensure that at least 16 trucks are on the road continuously seven days a week. The 18 trucks are located as follows: Bor  ( 2 trucks ) , Bentiu  ( 4 trucks ) , Malakal  ( 3 trucks ) , Rumbek  ( 3 trucks ) , Juba  ( 3 trucks ) , Wau  ( 3 trucks ) .
The community did not manage to harvest their crops by the time flood started and most of them were destroyed. Livestock mainly cattle were affected, many were reported to have died as a result of the flood hence affecting livelihood of families who are largely depending on livestock product.
Host communities are overcrowded in some locations such as Noor, Kuerjial, Kuong, Tambuong, Wicmoun, Koatnyakoang, Kuernyang, Juaibor center, Phom center, and Bilnyang
Across all the states, agriculture is the main source of livelihood, with reliance on food assistance highest among states with highest percentage of female headed households. Overall, at the country level, the main households' sources for food and income were agriculture  ( 38% ) , livestock  ( 13% ) , sale of alcoholic beverages  ( 8% ) , sale of firewood/natural resources  ( 8% )  and sale of food assistance  ( 7% )   ( see Figure 18 ) .
Poor budget execution has been exacerbated by lower revenue, with FY20 government spending on infrastructure and service delivery estimated to be lower than budgeted. The FY20 budget envisaged increased spending on roads infrastructure that would be operationalized through an oil for roads deal, with a daily allocation of 10,000 to 30,000 barrels approved for this purpose. However, estimates from official data indicate that under execution challenges are more pronounced for capital and service delivery items. Capital spending is estimated at 22% of the amount budgeted, with significant under execution in key sectors such as infrastructure  ( 13% of the budgeted amount ) , health  ( 27 % ) , social and humanitarian  ( 9% ) , and education  ( 73% ) . By contrast, current spending is estimated at 186% of budget, with accountability  ( 483% ) , rule of law  ( 345% ) , public administration  ( 193% ) , and security  ( 113% )  all spending significantly above budget.
South Sudan's oil sector has continued to be the primary driver of GDP growth, but further expansion will depend on higher oil investments. South Sudan has the third largest proven crude oil reserves in Sub Saharan Africa with a reported 3.5 billion barrels.
CAMP COORDINATION & CAMP MANAGEMENT : 536,000 internally displaced people registered
Jonglei and Greater Pibor Administrative Area has been the worst affected  ( 495,000 people ) , followed by Lakes  ( 147,000 people ) , Unity  ( 126,000 ) , Upper Nile  ( 76,000 ) , Warrap  ( 60,000 ) , Western Equatoria  ( 53,000 ) , Central Equatoria  ( 40,000 )  and Northern Bahr el Ghazal  ( 15,000 )
Muni and Tombek farms were destroyed by the floods, main crops grown are groundnut, sorghum and millet and most households lost their crops. No harvest in both locations
The general GAM rate stands at 11.5% from 61 children assessed using MUAC. With SAM at 3.3% and MAM at 8.2%.
Nutrition partners together with the FSL team should continue to monitor the emerging food trends and possible increasing levels of malnutrition among the vulnerable groups especially children and pregnant and lactating mothers and respond accordingly
Health partners expected rise in malaria, increase in water level around both location and poor WASH services water borne disease and other infections that may be cause during and after floods. Health Partners and Hygiene promotors need to keep monitoring the situation.
With the current situation flooding but girls are at high risk early or forced marriage as most families have lost their livelihood and income.
The IDPs are mainly women, elderly and Children, women are left on their own during this time and facing challenges in searching for food and firewood to meet their food security and livelihood.
The flooding caused large scale displacement of people and cattle and damaged/destroyed crops and property
Displacement population are being hosted by host community leading to overcrowded living in a shared houses risking infection comprising COVID – 19 measures.
IDPs from Bor have no shelter and households' items with them. Meanwhile Muni affected population have their household items with them since floods only affected their farms.
Consult and actively engage with older people including those with disabilities to ensure they are involved in the design, implementation and evaluation of all activities. This should be done through constant consultation of a group which represents the diversity of differing needs.
Not Latrines in the area, both IDPs and Host population practice open defecation, this may worsen if community continue this practice
COVID 19 awareness campaign, Support HH latrine construction, water purification and Hygiene campaign
Ensure essential services are available to all at minimum ensuring PSNs, elders, children and PLHIV are reached and CCCM support in Tombek
General, floods have negatively affected both IDPs and Muni community and disrupting their livelihood. And drastically affecting households and vulnerable households into further poverty
Children have been evacuated to cattle camps in Muni
The project  [ Restoring Lives of Families in Emergency  ( R LIFE )  in South Sudan ]  continued to support the Operation and Maintenance  ( O&M )  of the water treatment plant in Melut and Kodok, including the drainage system at the Melut IDP site using a cash for work program targeting 30,000 people, with multiple sub sectors in the overall WASH interventions.
The major factors contributing to acute malnutrition include high prevalence of diseases  ( up to 36% ) , poor quality and diversity of food  ( Minimum Acceptable Diet: 7%, Minimum dietary diversity: 15% ) . Elevated level of food insecurity  ( IPC AFI Phase 3 and above )  in most counties also contribute to acute malnutrition. Furthermore, poor access to health and nutrition services due to heightened inter communal conflict and flooding mainly in the Greater Upper Nile.
COVID 19 related disruptions, including those rightfully implemented to curb coronavirus infection rates, as well as changes in SAM and MAM referral protocols for children have exacerbated lack of access to services.
The major factors contributing to acute malnutrition include high prevalence of diseases  ( up to 36% ) , poor quality and diversity of food  ( Minimum Acceptable Diet: 7%, Minimum Dietary Diversity: 15% ) .
At the time of the assessment, 53.5 per cent of IDPs, or 756,033 individuals, and 37.9 per cent of returnees, or 521,813 individuals, lived in settlements relying on food assistance, cash assistance or host community donations as their main source of food
In Juba, prices of white wheat bread  ( 10 pieces )  sharply increased overnight, on October 14, from SSP 300 to SSP 500, representing a 66 percent increase. Despite the Government of South Sudan's efforts to enforce price reductions, traders have maintained their selling prices at the elevated level, especially for wheat flour, sugar and vegetable oil.
UNICEF is co leading three Clusters and Area of Responsibility  ( AoR )  out of a total of 10 clusters and 3 AoRs currently active in the country. UNICEF at a national level co leads the Child Protection AoR and the Education Cluster with Save the Children, the Nutrition Cluster with Concern, Action Against Hunger  ( ACF )  and the World Food Program  ( WFP )  and the WASH Cluster with the Norwegian Refugee Council  ( NRC ) .
UNICEF continues to work with partners to operationalize and mainstream humanitarian cash programming and identify opportunities within the Education, WASH, Child Protection and in risk communication and civic engagement sectors.
Disruption of road access to Tiaptiap PHCU, Citchok PHCC and Pagoor PHCU in Cueibet County by flooding could lead to delay in the delivery of medical and other supplies to the flood affected communities in the areas
Lack of Boma Health Workers indicate lack of basic health care to children under five years, and information about health situation among the affected people.
Number of Malaria, ARI and malnutrition in children U5 years and Pregnant Women of childbearing age have increased.
Panakol: is village under Aguod Boma and it is cut off by waters from Bargel where PHCU exist, and no Boma health worker in the area.
Langdit PHCU: has run out of drugs for two weeks,  ( no Anti malaria, Antibiotic, no dressing Materials, no antidiarrheal.
Motoronyo has one Boma Health Worker and three Traditional Birth Attendants. Boma Health Worker receives drugs from Gulmar PHCU and has drugs that will last for 2 weeks. Wako PHCU has drugs that can last for 3 weeks, Domoloto PHCC and Wulu PHCC has drugs that could last for 3 weeks. Wako PHCU has stock out of BCG, Td and IPV vaccines
Health Cluster partners including CUAMM, SMOH, UNICEF and WHO participated during InterAgency Rapid Need Assessment conducted in Wulu and Cueibet County from 3rd – 10th September 2020. The main objective was to identify immediate health need and to determine health related risk factors of the flood affected people in two Counties.
No children were newly identified, registered or documented as unaccompanied and separated children  ( UASC )  during the reporting period; however one girl was reunified in Yei while 18 unaccompanied and separated children  ( UASC )   ( eight boys and ten girls )  received material support during the reporting month by UNICEF.
$2.5m funding received and 37k people reached by Education Cluster.  ( South Sudan Humanitarian Fund 2020 )
Citizens report that the COVID 19 tests results take long, and that advise is hard to follow.
The citizens whose relatives are sick with COVID 19 should follow the preventive measures in order to protect themselves from COVID 19 according to Dr. Munir Morris, MOH.
COVID 19 safety measures affected the flow of cross border trade, resulting in longer clearance time and declining regional trade. This deterioration in the flow of trade was mostly related to delays at the border following the introduction of COVID 19 safety measures, such as the testing for truck drivers, with long queues developing at the borders. In early 2020, the Nimule Elegu One Stop Border Post  ( OSBP )  had been commissioned as the authorities sought to ease clearance of cargo along the South Sudan Uganda border post, improving trade efficiency between South Sudan and Uganda, including trade among informal traders. Nimule is the most important border crossing for South Sudan, controlling over 90% of all trade cargo destined to the country. However, COVID 19 related safety measures, including restrictions on cross border movement, and deteriorating economic conditions, resulted in lower trade volumes. Consequently, formal imports from Uganda declined 9.3% year on year over a three month period March – May 2020.
Of the 256 reported significant incidents, 41 per cent involved violence, abduction, killings and detentions of staff, and ambushes including looting and theft.
The latest numbers show that an estimated 1,034,000 people have been affected by floods since July 2020.
The Ministry of General Education launched a distance learning program for both primary and secondary school students during the COVID 19 lockdown. With the support of UNICEF and Girls Educa9on South Sudan  ( GESS ) , South Sudan authori9es have rolled out a distance learning program to deliver lessons on core subjects including English, Mathematics, and Science. These were delivered over the radio and Television. According to Minister of General Educa9on, Hon. Awut Deng Acuil, lessons would be delivered both in the mornings and afternoons aimed to reach the majority of learners in rural areas across the country.
Budget planning and execution challenges have led to persistence of expenditure arrears. Expenditure arrears continue to be a persistent and chronic problem in South Sudan and are a symptom of underlying weaknesses in the country's public financial management. The authorities estimate outstanding obligations for FY 2019/20 on the order of SSP 896 billion  ( 108% of estimated FY20 GDP )  excluding salaries.
COVID 19 key figure  ( 16 31 October,2020 ) : 2933 confirmed cases, 59 deaths, 45,220 tests performed to date and 2673 recoveries.
Limited resources to cover all the affected counties. Weak coordination mechanisms at the sub national level. Insecurity and inaccessibility in conflict affected counties. Huge operational costs measured against available donor funds. Inadequate human resources for health at subnational levels.
In the Protection of Civilian sites  ( PoCs ) , Malaria is the top cause of morbidity in Bentiu PoC  ( 46% ) , Juba PoC ( 53% ) , Wau PoC  ( 39% )  and Bor PoC  ( 41% ) .
According to the integrated food security phase classification  ( IPC )  2020 situation analysis, between October and November 2020, an estimated 6.35 million people  ( 52.6 per cent of the population )  faced Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  or worse acute food insecurity, of which 2.1 million people faced Emergency  ( IPC Phase 4 )  acute food insecurity.
Delays in the appointment of the Governor for Upper Nile State continues to have a negative impact on the state. During the reporting period cattle raids were witnessed in Jonglei and Lakes states whilst ethnic violence was reported in Warrap, Unity, Jonglei and Lakes states. There were clashes in Tonj East, Warrap which saw 15 people reportedly injured earlier on in the month.
The Ministry of Health guided a campaign aimed to vaccinate over 690,000 children aged 6 59 months against measles in 25 counties in Central Equatoria, Jonglei, Upper Nile and Unity states.
To reduce the risk of measles the second phase of the measles follow up campaign commenced on 15 November 2020.
According to the Education Cluster, a total of 410 schools in 8 states were damaged by floods, out of these schools, 185 were occupied by internally displaced people who were affected by flooding.
As of 16 October, 2020 WFP had dispatched 259,830 mt of food and nutrition items, equivalent to approximately 80 percent of the planned 325,000 mt target for 2020. Despite the damage to the roads by the rain, cargo movement is ongoing. WFP is ensuring continued deliveries, through key road repairs and the opening of new river routes. Air transport is being used as a last resort to serve people in the hardest to reach areas.
South Sudan:  Cumulative cases: 3,154 New cases: +145 Deaths: 62 Recovered: 2,977  [ Source: Ministry of Health, 04 December 2020 ]
55% of South Sudanes live beyond walking distance to a clinic  ( Source: South Sudan Health ) .
Without adequate funding, UNICEF and partners will be unable to scale up integrated programming and provide critical and protective services for women, children and men displaced by conflict and flooding, affected by gender based violence, facing life threatening diseases  ( including COVID 19 ) , and impacted by extreme food insecurity.
UNICEF expresses its sincere gratitude to all public and private donors for the contributions received; however, the 2020 HAC  (  UNICEF's Humanitarian Action for Children  )  still has a funding gap of 48 per cent.
Humanitarian organizations responded to the needs of more than 100,000 people displaced by sub national violence in Jonglei and the Greater Pibor Administrative Area.  [ JULY 2020 ]
The number of women migrants peaked in 2016 and 2017 during the food crisis, when market prices were too high: Women sold their bedding and used that cash to travel. The women who move now are heading to join their husbands in Sudan  ( or at least claim that this is their reason ) . It is particularly difficult for women to move on their own, especially if they are bringing children with them. In part, this is because the South Sudanese national army and security forces are actively detaining women and their children at border points, often beating or sexually assaulting them, with the justification that they must stay with their families and that their children are the property of South Sudan.
Many people return to their former neighbourhoods, old friends, relatives and former bosses in Sudan, building on experience and connections made during wartime displacements in the 1990s and 2000s  ( before South Sudanese independence and the resulting international border ) . Most young men work as manual labourers, septic tank cleaners, agricultural or restaurant workers, or in kamin  ( brick making )  across the Sudan, which is still described by some as ‘the north'.
Community health workers are more than health staff: they are community mobilizers, educators, and trusted residents of the areas they serve. To prevent the spread of COVID 19, they're helping to share important messages about health and hygiene, as well as social distancing
Response operations are being scaled up to meet the needs of the most vulnerable, with funding from the UN's Central Emergency Response Fund and the South Sudan Humanitarian Fund, among other sources.
Young men and women who have access to phones and signals frequently use WhatsApp and Facebook.
Under Agriculture and Food Security  ( AFS ) , 60,000 vulnerable households were supported with crop, livestock and vegetable inputs and tools. World Vision South Sudan focused on quick maturing crops to achieve food security gains and continued to revitalize fishing among the targeted locations through the provision of fishing kits, and trainings on fish production and preservation.
In the villages women and girls remain at risk as they conduct their daily household chores such as fetching water and collecting firewood in the bushes. Cases of SGBV have been reported.
In September 2020, it was reported that 1,500 teenage girls in South Sudan have either been married off or impregnated since April this year, according to the Support Peace Development Initiative Organisation  ( SPIDO )
The combination of the aggressive monetization of the Aweil agricultural economy, coupled with the spiralling economic crisis since 2013, has built deeper inequalities between wealthy and poor residents. It has also undermined older employer–employee care and welfare systems. With a labour surplus and no collective bargaining, waged workers struggle to demand increases. With inflation continuing to rise and creating price rises in markets, upon which waged workers are dependent for food, workers are trapped into longer hours and faster work, with a greater physical toll. Most farm owners now do not provide free food and tea, or emergency loans for medical care, for their employees
In South Sudan, the MoH and other health implementing partners continue ramping up efforts to improve the COVID 19 response.
Voice of Reconciliation   discussed why it is important to isolate when the person tested positive for COVID 19 or suspected of the disease. The station also demonstrated the importance of wearing a face mask during group discussions when students are revising their books at home and reminded parents how important it is for them to visit the schools of their children to check how preventative measures of coronavirus are being following in school.
Young men and women use various ways to pool, loan and share their limited financial resources. For example, these methods include: No interest loans between friends;running football tournaments and pooling contributions for a prize fund;and using remittances from friends and relatives in South Sudan and abroad, which are mainly focused on education funds for children at home.People also organize saving boxes at home and participate in sanduks  ( rotating savings schemes ) , a long standing method of collectively saving a small amount each week, with the combined total given to one member of the group on a rotating weekly basis This includes market traders, who may be called upon by the union chairperson to contribute donations for a trader who has been robbed or suffered a fire
There continue to exist many unanswered questions arising from speculation, rumors or even worries and fear. Additionally, some people continue to refuse to accept that COVID 19 exists and often disregard prevention protocols, risking their lives and those of others. This kind of attitude reinforces the already existing perceptions that some groups of the population hold – that COVID 19 is an elitist disease that does not affect the “common person'.
There are many barriers and risks to the movement of men and women north of the border to Sudan, not least the risk of snake bites by evading military posts as a result of travelling through the forest at night and escaping the border patrols that often target women
The majority of young men and women moving north are weathering agricultural disasters or financial troubles by moving to southern Darfur refugee camps such as Kerior or searching for paid work. They mostly do not intend to stay forever. Instead, people are merely seeking a year or a few years of work to build investment capital and skills to bring back home, or to send funds home so family can ride out the disasters, such as flooding or insect infestation, that inevitably occur. These journeys are often supported by family.
Soldiers, private security and national security workers are frequently deployed across South Sudan, with wives and young families often following. Other young men and women travel to Juba to hunt for better education and work prospects, including better military or police recruitment possibilities in the capital. In comparison, recruitment into the military in Aweil is generally unprofitable: Salaries are irregular or unpaid, and the working conditions in remote and border post barracks are poor and dangerous.
Armed work in the military and security sector has become the dominant form of waged labour in South Sudan. It has become the main opportunity for young men  ( and some women, for whom police work is an option )  to finance their studies and look after the needs of their families. It is also a major driver of internal mobility in South Sudan for young men and women.
The pressures of survival in Juba, and the costs of living there, limit the ability of young migrants to invest in education. Instead, many young men opt for military, private security or police work  ( the police also is a route for women )  to find more financial stability and regular hours, and to fund their education.
Formal education options in the Aweil borderland are, however, now very limited. With the economic crisis beginning in 2013, and food prices and inflation outstripping wages, state schoolteachers struggled to survive on their salaries. Many teachers left their positions, using their qualifications and English language skills to find jobs in military employment, aid work, or across the border in Darfur and Khartoum in Sudan. This led to the collapse of many rural government schools, concentrating the remaining ones in major towns and in Aweil. This has precipitated the migration of many young men and women into towns, often to seek private schools, which continued to pay their teachers in line with inflation.
As such, most people in this region are dependent on daily and seasonal work that is subject to many short term debts and loans, contingencies such as health and climate, and unequal power relations that come with the possibility of abuse. This dependency and insecurity shortens people's time horizons, limiting men and women's abilities to make long term plans and investments, and focusing their energies on short term and immediately stressful financial calculations and contingencies. It is also personally and mentally overwhelming. Those living in this economy emphasize the risks of suicide, and often confess to depression and heavy drinking. ( 2020 )
CDC  (  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention )  and other health partners are also investigating a rare but serious medical condition associated with COVID 19 in children called Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children  ( MIS C )
Traditional medicine is popular in South Sudan: some people in Juba mentioned that local herbs are cheaper than biomedical medicine bought in pharmacies. Other people are used to them   traditionally herbs, and alternative treatments, have long been the only sources of treatment, particularly during the conflict.