nlp-thedeep/humsetbias huggingface dataset:
Furthermore, the tense security situation in Murzuq in Southern Libya, reportedly led movements of both migrants and host population to surrounding areas. Work opportunities for migrants were reported to be more limited in Southern Libya than in the previous round.
The United Nations expressed deep concern Wednesday that the new migrants were taken to Tajoura, where the U.N. refugee agency says over 200 refugees and migrants are thought to be detained. It is near the front lines of the latest fighting near Tripoli between rival Libyan factions.
Since the onset of armed conflict in the southern areas of Tripoli on 04 April 2019, a significant number of people have been affected by the conflict. As per the latest update published by IOM Libya's Displacement Tracking Matrix, at least 128,150 individuals were identified as Internally Displaced Persons  ( IDPs )  due to recent clashes in Tripoli*. Furthermore, the conflict also affected migrants held in the detention centers as well as those in urban locations and their protection remains a concern.
Libya's civil war has caused widespread shortages of food, water, medical supplies and fuel, and the country has recently experienced some of its worst violence since the start of the conflict in 2014. Access to basic services is extremely limited, almost 700,000 people have been displaced, and the country is in great need of professionally delivered humanitarian assistance and protection.
During the reporting period, a significant decrease in the number of migrants transiting through Murzuq was observed, reportedly due to the deteriorating security conditions in the municipality. Shortly after round 26 data collection was concluded, armed clashes erupted in the municipality of Murzuq triggering the displacement of over 620 migrants from Niger, Chad and Nigeria towards safer locations.
In June, an increase in the number of migrants entering Libya from Egypt in Emsaed was reported. According to field observers, around 150 migrants from Egypt were entering Libya through Emsaed on a daily basis from Matruh.
Three months after the airstrike on the Tajoura detention centre that tragically killed 53 migrants and left over 130 injured, vulnerable migrants returned from sea continue to be taken to this facility.
Depending on where Sudanese migrants were surveyed in Libya, the routes taken differed significantly. From those surveyed in the East, 1% travelled to Egypt first before reaching Libya where as 99% entered Libya directly. 30% of Sudanese nationals surveyed in the South reported entering Libya through Chad while the remaining 70% entered Libya directly. From those surveyed in the West, 2% reported entering through Chad, 1,5% through Egypt, the other 96,5% have not transited through other countries.
From January to December 2018, UNSMIL/OHCHR documented at least 196 civilian deaths and 369 injuries caused by gunfire, explosive remnants of war, airstrikes, shelling and improvised explosive devices.
90% of migrants departing Burkina Faso reported travelling through Niger while 9% travelled to Mali first and then to Algeria to reach Libya. The remaining 1% reported other routes.
93% of surveyed migrants travelling from Sudan to Libya reported entering Libya directly, while 6% traveled through Chad. The remaining 1% traveled through Egypt.
No one was injured but the motorboat's side was damaged. If convicted, the 31 year old risks up to 10 years in prison.
Improved protection monitoring activities, including referral systems, are needed, especially in conflict affected areas and areas of displacement. Lack of access to conflict affected areas and areas outside of Tripoli remains a constraint.
Fighting broke out in Tripoli in early April 2019, and by the second week of the month, casualties were in the hundreds. By late April, more than 300 people were dead and more than 1600 wounded. An estimated 40 000 people fled their homes and now live with relatives or in centres for the displaced.
Notably, mattresses emerged as the most commonly cited NFI need, reported in 68 municipalities. The second NFI priority need was clothing  ( 62 municipalities ) , while hygiene items  ( 50 municipalities )  and gas/fuel  ( 23 municipalities )  were reported as third and fourth NFI priority need respectively.
Data was also collected on humanitarian priority needs related to non food items  ( NFIs ) . The most commonly cited obstacle to accessing NFIs was that items were too expensive for those in need of assistance. In addition, in 23 municipalities it was reported that the quality of these items was insufficient. In 6 municipalities, distance from the local market was reported to be an obstacle.
Possible presence of UXOs was reported in 9 municipalities. Residents were reported as not being able to move safely within their area of residence in 17 municipalities. In municipalities where movement was restricted, the main reason was insecurity  ( 14 municipalities )  and threat/presence of unexploded ordinances  ( 2 municipalities ) .
The risk of sexual and gender based violence facing refugee and migrant women and girls, as well as men and boys, in detention centres in Libya is reported to be extremely high.
It is to be noted that the overall humanitarian situation in the South is generally endemically more dire than in the rest of the country. However, the total figures are lower in the South as it is less densely populated than the coastal areas of North Eastern and North Western Libya.
Civilians are credibly reported to have been trapped there within the past two weeks without access to food, water, or medical care.
As of 28 October 2019, a total of 46,320 asylum seekers and refugees are registered with UNHCR in Libya. A total of 3,139 individuals have been identified by UNHCR and its partners to be currently in one of the accessible Libyan detention centres.
In addition to the current fighting around Tripoli, between the GNA and LNA and their affiliated militias, clashes for control of territory and resources continue in the east and south of the country, among Tebu, Tuareg and Arab armed groups.
On 22 October 2019, the Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolution 1970  ( 2011 )  concerning Libya held its sixth informal consultations of the year.
So far in 2019, 1,540 refugees and asylum seekers departed from Libya for solutions, including a total of 1,169 persons who were evacuated and another 371 persons departed under UNHCR's resettlement programme.
Amnesty International investigators visited neighbourhoods in residential areas where civilian homes, apartment blocks, and civilian infrastructure – including schools, business, and warehouses supporting the oil industry – were destroyed or damaged by ground launched rockets, artillery barrages, and air strikes carried out by both sides, killing and injuring dozens.
Over 20,000 displaced women and girls are in need of dignity kits. As part of the RRM, UNFPA has distributed a total of 640 dignity kits to IDP women and girls in urban settings in Azzawaya, Garabolli and Suq Al Jumaa during this reporting period.
Out of the total population in need of shelter and NFI assistance, 22,000 are non displaced, 48,000 are IDPs, 97,000 are returnees, 22,000 are refugees and 102,000 are migrants.
Clashes continued in conflict affected areas of southern Tripoli, reportedly with continued use of airstrikes and shelling. While the number of families displaced has continued to increase, most of the displaced households are currently staying with family and in private accommodations. Most IDP families have been identified in different neighborhoods and suburbs of Tripoli, as well as in the areas along the coastal line of western Libya and the Nafusa mountains
On 3 July an airstrike hit a detention centre in Tripoli  the Tajoura Detention Centre  killing 53 migrants and injuring over 130 of them during the attack.
An estimated 50 individuals were reportedly displaced to Aljmail from Tripoli due to the unstable security situation. Reportedly; their needs were food; mattresses and blankets.
Approximately 50 individuals have been displaced to Arrajban from Swani Bin Adam due to the unstable security situation, the IDPs are staying with relatives and their needs were food and NFIs..
Following the onset of armed conflict on 05 April 2019 in South Tripoli, at least 6,425 families  ( approximately 32,125 individuals )  have been displaced from their homes. Since DTM's last update on 16 April, an additional 1,555 displaced families  ( approximately 7,775 individuals )  were identified
IDPs displaced to areas in proximity to the reported sites of ongoing clashes remain at risk, along with host community members currently providing them with shelter. In addition, over 450 IDP families  ( approximately 2,250 individuals )  have been accommodated in collective shelters set up by local authorities.
Currently, around 3,660 migrants remain in detention centers in Tripoli and nearby areas and are among the most vulnerable populations at risk, especially the 890 migrants in Qasr Ben Gashir Detention Center in direct vicinity of armed conflict.
Armed clashes and indiscriminate shelling continue to impact multiple locations in and around Tripoli. On the night of 18 April shelling was reported on Ain Zara, Souq al Juma'a and Tajoura districts, east of Tripoli, and grad rockets were reported in the Abuselim, Al Hadba and Qasr Bin Ghasheer areas, south of Tripoli. Unconfirmed reports of damage to some civilian houses have been received as a result of the shelling.
Credible reports have been received that houses of displaced families have been looted and on occasion targeted for destruction based on the presumed political affiliations of their owners. Fear of looting and similar incidents is a deterring factor, which prevents some families from fleeing conflict affected areas.
On the morning of 22 July 2019, four GNA air strikes, on the outskirts of Qasr Bin Ghashir and more than five kilometres from the front lines, completely destroyed one house and damaged another one nearby which belonged to the members of the same family, without causing any casualties among the members of the family, but reportedly killing four civilians in a passing car.
On 4 February 2019, three boys aged between 9 and 15 years, were injured when an unexploded explosive ordnance  ( UXO )  detonated in Benghazi's Kuweifiya area as they were collecting scrap metal.
On 17 April, a private clinic in Qasr Bin Ghasheer came under rocket fire that resulted in the damage of two ambulances, generators and transport vehicles. Since the eruption of conflict, nine ambulances have been directly or indirectly impacted in a series of incidents, obstructing the rescue operations of emergency responders
In March, WFP Libya launched a two year interim plan to assist 147,000 people in need. Along with emergency and regular food assistance throughout Libya, WFP is working on new initiatives to support families in need. These include the strengthening of social safety nets; livelihood activities targeting women and youth; and launching a school feeding programme in partnership with the Libyan Ministry of Education.
Men, women and children arbitrarily detained for months and, in many cases, years, with little access to food, water and open air, will be exposed to the same inhumane conditions. Some of them suffered torture and trafficking during their stay in the country.
Additional damage to civilian infrastructure has been reported from Swani and Al Aziziya, 25 and 50km south of Tripoli, respectively, where the electrical grid was particularly severely damaged, and power cuts last for at least 16 hours per day. Some specific areas reported 24 hour blackouts. There are additional alleged reports that water supply infrastructure has recently been hit
Three months ago, Siham Sergewa, an elected member of the House of Representatives, was seized at night from her home in Benghazi. Since her violent abduction by armed men, Ms. Sergewa's fate remains unknown.
Since the start of the evacuation operation from Libya in late 2017, a total of 4,024 persons  ( including unaccompanied children )  have been evacuated to Niger  ( 2,913 ) , Italy  ( 808 )  and the ETC in Romania  ( 303 ) . There are currently 1,041 evacuees from Libya remaining in Niger, including 161 evacuated unaccompanied children.
While most IDP families are staying in private accommodation with friends and relatives, over 3,900 IDPs are being hosted in collective shelters. Last week, two field hospitals in Al Swani and Ain Zara were hit by airstrikes, injuring a doctor and two paramedics.
As of 4 November 2019, a total of 44,963 asylum seekers and refugees are registered with UNHCR in Libya. A total of 2,903 individuals have been identified by UNHCR and its partners to be currently in one of the accessible Libyan detention centres.
Militias' shifting alliances have added fluidity to battle lines and an overall complexity to the conflict, with each group fighting alongside and against each other at different times. Over the past eight years, armed clashes of varying intensity between rival militias have been a regular feature in and around the capital and in other parts of the country, with disastrous consequences for the civilian population.
Clashes increased sharply in 2014,3 as the General National Congress  ( GNC ) , the first elected parliament, refused to disband after its mandate expired. At the same time, General Khalifa Haftar's self proclaimed LNA launched military operation “Dignity' against radical Islamist groups in the eastern city of Benghazi.
So far in June, 537 refugees and migrants were disembarked at Al Khums  ( 216 individuals ) , Tripoli Naval Base  ( 202 individuals ) , and Azzawya  ( 119 individuals ) . UNHCR and its partner IMC provided medical assistance and CRIs to those disembarked before they were transferred to a detention centres by the authorities. Recent departures took place near Sabratha, Garabulli and Al Khums.
According to UNHCR and IOM, refugees and migrants in detention suffer from lack of food, water and sanitation, particularly in eight detention centres exposed to or at risk of conflict: Qasr Bin Ghasheer, Abusliem, Ain Zara  ( currently empty ) , Triq al Sika, Al Sabaa, Tajoura, Janzour and Gharyan. Food remains the primary concern, as DCIM is rationing meals in several of the centres
The fighting has killed and wounded more than 100 civilians, including dozens of detained migrants and refugees, caught in air strikes, artillery barrages, and the shelling of civilian infrastructure, including Mitiga airport, and displaced over 100,000 civilians living in the southern and eastern suburbs of the city.
The Euro Med urged the United Nations and all international actors to take all necessary measures to ensure that the country involved in the horrific air attack on July 3 that killed 46 migrants and injured 130, is brought to justice.
Priority humanitarian needs of IDPs were reported to include shelter, food, non food items  ( NFIs )  and health services, whereas key priority needs for returnees were reported to be food, WASH, NFIs, and health services.
Brak Alshatai  ( 3% ) , Jufra  ( 2% )  and most recently Benghazi  ( 6% )  where their main top needs remain, are either renting or sharing houses with friends and relatives.
Since the start of the evacuation operation from Libya in late 2017, a total of 4,252 persons have been evacuated to Niger  ( 2,913 ) , Italy  ( 808 )  and the ETC in Romania  ( 531 ) . There are 870 evacuees from Libya now remaining in Niger, including 135 unaccompanied children.
It added “Libya has suffered through more than seven years of persistent conflict that has left at least 820,000 people, including some 250,000 children, in dire need of humanitarian assistance.'
In response to the deteriorating situation and following the lifting of the evacuation status for UN organisations in Libya in February, the number of humanitarian organisations in the country has surged. While the humanitarian footprint is expanding with most actors consolidating presence in Tripoli, Misratah and Benghazi, access and presence in the other areas of the country, especially in the south, is a priority and remains a challenge.
As of 11 November 2019, a total of 45,215 asylum seekers and refugees are registered with UNHCR in Libya. A total of 2,351 individuals have been identified by UNHCR and its partners to be currently in one of the accessible Libyan detention centres.
Clashes between armed groups in Sabha and Murzuq in February resulted in increasing numbers of injured patients, overwhelming health facilities already facing shortages of specialists and medical supplies. The total number of casualties is 250, which includes 44 dead and 206 wounded.
Interview results from Tawargha IDP key informants indicate their perception that the situation is not safe and suitable for them to flee: 60% of Tawerghan key informants who live in Hai Alandalus reported that there has been no population movement in their area since the beginning of the conflict. In addition to this, 80% of Tawerghan key informants reported that there is no departure from Tripoli City Center. It is worth to mention that Tawerghan key informants also reported that Tawerghan IDPs do not leave their houses because the road is not safe for them to move and even though they manage to safely pass the road, they do not have any shelter to go. Furthermore, harassment or extortion, arrest and detention, and ongoing fighting have been reported by the key informants as the main risks to accessing to safety.
In terms of the main water sources utilized, in 63 municipalities  ( out of the 100 assessed municipalities )  water trucking was reported as the main source of water, while open wells  ( boreholes )  and water network were reported to be the main source of water in 43 municipalities. Bottled water was also identified as a main water source in 40 municipalities. The entire distribution of the main water sources reported can be seen in the chart below.
Indiscriminate shelling and the use of medium and heavy weapons in heavily populated areas have resulted in the death and injury of many of civilians and in the destruction or disruption of health and education facilities, in violation of International Humanitarian Law  ( IHL ) ;
In most mahallas, the public water network functioned as residents' primary source of drinking water. Yet KIs reported that in practice, many residents only had access to water from the public network 1 3 days per week
In the south, barriers to accessing healthcare were largely the same, characterized by structural issues and poor resource distribution. Poor healthcare in Al Kufra, Murzuq, Ubari, Wadi Ashshati and Sebha were defined by a lack of medical staff in general, lack of medical supplies and far away distances to healthcare facilities.
Private health facilities were reported to be unaffordable by the majority of Libyan MFGD participant. This was exacerbated by a shortage of liquidity and inflexibility in regards to payment methods, as many private facilities reportedly only accepted cash.
On the other hand, healthcare was the humanitarian need most commonly reported by Libyan residents across all of Azzawya's DCUs, as the quality of existing healthcare was mainly described as poor or very poor. This was followed by safety and security, reported as a priority need in all DCUs except DCU 3. Education was the third most commonly reported need, cited by MFGD participants in all DCUs except DCU 4 and DCU 5.
Road access to Murzuq city has reportedly become possible. Local market and public services like electricity, fuel, water, and telecommunication have resumed in the area; however, with frequent interruptions. On the other hand, local governmental institutions and the banking sector remain suspended.
From the perspective of service providers, while the quality of education did not emerge as a major issue, the lack of infrastructure and materials, combined with overcrowded classrooms and untrained teachers, were the most commonly reported barriers to both accessing and providing high quality education.
Households in Azzawya were found to be more likely to report unmet needs in healthcare  ( 30% )  than households across Libya as a whole  ( 23% ) .1 Reporting a generally poor perception of the quality of the city's healthcare, residents highlighted specific issues such as shortages of medicines and equipment, insecurity and unqualified medical staff, which contributed to the reduction or interruption of health services.
67 per cent of surveyed schools have limited drinking water available. In addition, 10 per cent of water supplies in schools were contaminated with harmful bacteria, and 31 per cent of schools tested positive for high levels of nitrates in the water.
The food insecure households although having an acceptable food consumption, the consumption is met at the expense of households' future productivity or capacity to cope – many spend savings and/or reduce expenditure on health/ education.
Six per cent  ( 6% )  of assessed households reported hosting family members or others that had been displaced from another place in the mantika or the country. The mantikas with households most frequently hosting displaced groups were Sebha  ( 14% ) , Tripoli  ( 12% ) , Sirt and Ubari  ( 11% )  and Al Marj  ( 8% ) .
3% of households had been threatened with eviction and 7% had been recently evicted nationwide.
Sources of water vary across Libya with more variable sources available to households in the north compared to the south where households predominantly reported relying on one source of drinking water. Drinking water from the public network has largely been more widely available in the north since pre 2011, due to connection to the public water network established by the GMMR water network. However, since 2014, ongoing conflict has impacted maintenance of the public water network, with several waves of complications affecting access to water in Tripoli and Azzawya. In areas where unmet WASH needs were highest, there were also high levels of use of one water source, suggesting that unavailability of alternative water sources are impacting overall access to sufficient quantities of drinking water.
Heavy reliance on the public network for drinking water and low rates of access to that public network presented substantial challenges to households in Al Kufra and Ghat; 29% of households in Al Kufra and 20% in Ghat reported rarely or not at all accessing the public water network in the 30 days prior to assessment. Magnifying unmet WASH needs in the south was poor drinking water quality, particularly reported in Ghat where 10% of households reported discoloration or health issues due to drinking water. In Al Jufra, a very small proportion of households  ( 4% )  reported the public network as their main drinking water source with the majority  ( 86% )  opting to use bottled water. Despite this, 41% of households still reported insufficient quantities of drinking water and 8% reported water too expensive to purchase
Approximately 41,000 IDPs are in need of emergency WASH assistance.
Households living in the south of Libya or in areas recently affected by conflict exhibited higher levels of multi sectoral needs. Mantikas with the highest proportion of households with unmet needs in 3 or more sectors were concentrated in Sirt  ( 37% ) 17, Al Kufra  ( 26% ) , Sebha  ( 25% ) , Murzuq  ( 24% )  and Derna  ( 21% ) . Of the 1% of households nationwide that had unmet humanitarian needs in 5 sectors, 36% were located in Tripoli, 29% in Sebha and 21% in Derna. While returnee households were found to be more likely to have unmet humanitarian needs in at least one sector, a higher proportion of IDP households were found to have unmet needs in 3 or more sectors  ( 19% )  compared to returnee  ( 16% )  and non displaced households  ( 6% ) .
In Gharyan detention centre, detainees lack access to safe drinking water. Hygiene and sanitation conditions are extremely poor, contributing to health problems amongst the detainees. Since the beginning of the crisis, UNHCR and its partners have relocated 540 vulnerable refugees from detention centres exposed to or at risk of conflict to the General Departure Facility in a safer area of Tripoli.
Wadi Ashshati, Ghat & Al Jufra Unfinished rooms: 11% of IDPs and 13% of returnees in Wadi Ashshati; 5% IDPs and 3% returnees in Ghat, and 3% of IDPs in Al Jufra reported living in unfinished rooms. House or property occupied: Twenty five per cent  ( 25% )  of returnees in Wadi Ashshati, 20% in Ubari and 13% in Derna and 11% in Al Kufra reported their house or property was occupied upon return. Particular attention is required in in cases where the household has also lost documentation making legal ownership more difficult to prove.
People in Libya are also adapting how they access food and their food consumption, including relying on less expensive or less preferred food  ( 72 per cent ) , borrowing food  ( 22 per cent ) , limiting portion sizes  ( 38 per cent ) , reducing the number of meals per day  ( 31 per cent ) , and restricting adult food consumption so children can eat  ( 21 per cent ) .
UXO presence continues to be a big risk factor in the mantikas of Sebha  ( reported by 18% of households ) , Al Kufra  ( 17% ) , Sirt  ( 14% )  and Ejdabia  ( 8% ) . In each of these locations except Sirt, the highest rates of family members injured by UXOs were also reported indicating a concrete need for awareness training of explosive hazards.
The number of IDPs in need of food assistance in 29 identified collective shelters is presently under verification. Approximately 2,300 refugees and migrants in Triq Al Sika, Al Sabaa, Janzour, Abusliem, Gharyan and Tajoura DCs are in need of food assistance, as regular food distribution by local authorities has been disrupted due to the conflict.
Lack of food remains a key concern across detention centres exposed to or at risk of conflict due to the breakdown of regular food supplies to these sites as a result of the conflict, according to UNHCR and IOM. Urgent food assistance is needed for some 800 refugees and migrants in the Qasr Bin Ghasheer detention center and 530 refugees and migrants in the Sabaa detention centre.
May IDP households have reportedly been displaced to areas in close proximity to the frontline, where they remain at risk of shelling and violence and susceptible to secondary displacement. Protection actors reported that people originally from the east are at increased risk of being targeted for killing, enforced disappearance and arbitrary arrest due to perceptions of their potential political affiliation or involvement in the conflict.
Displaced people in collective centres  ( most of which are schools )  as well as in urban areas lack essential household non food items. Shelter needs also remain particularly high for refugees and migrants that have been displaced by the fighting.
Over 25,000 individuals have been displaced  ( IDPs )  due to the ongoing conflict in the city. Many are hosted by relatives and friends while others reached collective shelters in the Warshefana area  ( west of Tripoli )  or cities along the coast. During the last two days, indiscriminate shelling continued throughout the capital
The east based Administrative Control Authority of the House of Representatives in Tobruk called on Monday for the release of its chairman Abdelsalam Al Hassi who was abducted late on Sunday.
Thirteen  ( 13 )  schools are being used as collective shelters for which the Ministry of Education  ( MOE )  is seeking a solution with the crisis committee and the Minister of State for Displacement to ensure the academic school year can begin in these schools.
Al Shakshak told Human Rights Watch that all the deep water wells and drinking water networks needed rehabilitation due to years of neglect and damage during the demolition and arson attacks. Based on visits to three sites, interviews with Local Council members, and analysis of satellite imagery and video footage, Human Rights Watch determined that all four water distribution tanks in the town had been destroyed. The Local Council says they were deliberately demolished, and all eight water wells and the main water purification plant that supplied Misrata with drinking water had also been damaged and looted.
At least 205 people have been killed and more thaan 900 wounded in the battle for control of the Libyan capital Tripoli, the World Health Organization said Thursday.
Limited information is currently available on the needs and the severity of the needs of the people affected by the conflict. Key sectors identified are health, protection and shelter. Food, WASH and education needs are also reported.
Prior to the escalation, Tripoli was already struggling with an overstretched and underdeveloped healthcare system as a result of years of instability and episodes of conflict in the capital. Healthcare facilities are not able to provide sufficient care to the 554,000 people in the whole of Libya in critical need of healthcare assistance because of the poor quality of services, low capacity of the workforce and shortages of essential drugs and supplies.
Some hospitals are not functional, while the rest suffer from an acute shortage of medicine, medical supplies, and equipment along with critical shortages of medical staff, particularly specialist nurses, midwives and technicians  ( HNO 2019 ) .
There is limited access to WASH facilities in schools. As outlined in the WASH assessment report undertaken by UNICEF and the National Centre for Disease Control in 2017. 67 per cent of children have limited access to safe water, 96 per cent have limited sanitation services, while the remaining 4 per cent have no sanitation services. An estimated 10 per cent of schools have water supplies that are contaminated with harmful bacteria.
A centralized logistics support platform that can collect, analyse and share logistics information in order to support coordination of agencies' responses to the crisis. The rapid increase of humanitarian presence requires a centralized coordination platform to support the establishment of new or upscaling operations.
Ongoing hostilities continue to hamper response efforts. Despite attempts of the United Nations to assist refugees and migrants in the Abusliem and Qasr Ben Ghashir detention centers, both teams were unable to reach their intended destinations, due to, respectively, bureaucratic impediments and a lack of security.
According to the World Health Organization  ( WHO ) , at least 205 people have been killed in the battle for control of the Libyan capital, Tripoli. Fighting has forced nearly 27,000 people to flee their homes since the start of hostilities. Most have sought shelter with family, in schools or other buildings. Approximately 2,000 are living in collective shelters established by local authorities.
More than 25,000 people have been displaced by the clashes between GNA forces and Haftar's fighters south of Tripoli, including 4,500 over the previous 24 hours, the International Organization for Migration said Wednesday.
Water and electricity cuts are being reported from frontline areas. Water supply from the ‘Man Made River'  ( MMR )  network into Tripoli has reduced by 37 per cent. Some 1.5 million people, including 600,000 children, rely on the MMR as their primary supplier of freshwater.
Telecommunication network has been fixed and electricity is operational in some areas of the municipality. Solid waste management, especially of dead animals, and disinfection of boreholes are expected to be of top priority needs.
Immediate needs were provided by the Libyan Red Crescent, national and local authorities, and sectors' partners operational in the region. After the initial first days and with the immediate shelter and food needs covered, needs are shifting from household lifesaving to community level basic service provision. Needs pertaining to refugees and migrants need to be identified.
Due to the pre existing needs in Ghat over the past years, situation has been exacerbated with the current floods. Despite limited improvements in the impacted areas, logistics remain challenging and hindered a humanitarian needs assessment. Based on the rapid NFI and market assessment conducted by IOM/DTM, bakeries, food markets and markets in general reported to be closed; however, the Eid holiday needs to be factored.
As the security situation in Libya deteriorates, refugees and migrants are presented with limited choices: either they are trapped inside Libya, or they escape to the Mediterranean or the Nigerien desert. A minority has been evacuated and resettled by the United Nations to other countries.
As the conflict continues to result in displacement and as the ongoing economic crisis contributes to rising food prices, food security will remain a top priority.
The current conflict is set against a backdrop of vulnerability due to several years of conflict, socio economic crisis and deficiencies in public services which has already left at least 820,000 people, including some 250,000 children, in dire need of humanitarian assistance.
WASH: Water services were reported to be partially available, with some neighborhoods reporting significant water shortages. Availability of sanitation and cleaning services was reported to be very limited.
There is an urgent need for food assistance at Qasr Ben Ghasir Detention Centre where about 800 refugees and migrants remain. Although IOM managed to deliver emergency meals to the Detention Centre, food supplies are expected to run out in four days.
In an unrelated incident, at least 355 individuals from Murzuq were displaced from their homes between 15 and 17 June 2019 due to deterioration of the security situation. Reportedly, most IDPs from Murzuq are currently sheltered in private accommodation in Wadi Etba, Adlim and Sebha.
IDPs, refugees and migrants who are stranded or fleeing the southern part of Tripoli as a result of the ongoing fighting are in need of information on emergency medical assistance, evacuation to safe areas, access to assistance/services and access to shelter.
The coastal road that links Tripoli to cities and districts in West Libya was closed for 10 days by Fursan Janzour brigade. The closure of the road affected tens of thousands civilians who were not able to reach Tripoli to have access to services, mainly hospitals, go to work, or banks. Reportedly, many civilians had to take alternative unsafe roads to reach Tripoli.
Health: Health services were reported to severely constrained due to health facilities affected by floods, including Ghat hospital. Reportedly, IDPs displaced to areas outside Ghat are also constrained in their ability to reach health facilities due to distances exceeding 5 kilometers to the closest facility. Availability of medical supplies on markets was reported to be very limited, including unavailability of medicine for chronic diseases such as diabetes and high blood pressures.
Previous qualitative assessments have shown that the crisis has exacerbated pre existing challenges associated with agricultural production in Libya, including water scarcity, animal and plant diseases, desertification and labour shortages. In addition to these longer term challenges, the crisis has ruptured market linkages and disrupted access to water, electricity, inputs, and transportation.
Nearly 3,600 refugees and migrants remain trapped in detention centres  ( DCs )  that are in conflict affected areas or in areas at risk of armed conflict. Beyond the threat posed by ongoing fighting, refugees and migrants in the Qasr Bin Ghasheer, Abusliem, Triq al Sika, Al Sabaa, Tajoura, Janzour and Gharyan DCs face dire living conditions, with the lack of food being of particular concern.
Humanitarians are extremely concerned about the safety and wellbeing of 3,400 refugees and migrants trapped in detentions centres already exposed to, or in close proximity to fighting. Access to food, water and healthcare is severely restricted at these facilities. Refugees and migrants outside of detention centres are also at heightened risk, and face discrimination in accessing collective shelters and other services.
Supply lines to six power stations in the outskirts of Tripoli have been severed as a result of the clashes, disrupting electricity supply in conflict affected areas, according to Libya's main national electrical company. Technical teams have been unable to inspect the damage or carry out repairs due to the security situation. Cuts to electricity, used for water pumping, further impact the availability of water in affected areas.
The consumer markets, including grocery stores and supermarkets, were reported open and no physical barriers to migrants' access were reported. However, the price hikes in the food commodities coupled with the lack of job opportunities for migrants were the restrictive factors in enabling migrants to access food.
Migrants and refugees including children remain trapped in the detention centres close to the conflict lines and are in serious need of food, water, health care and protection services. According to reports, the situation in the detention centres which are accommodating migrants moved from the conflict affected centres are worsening, resulting in appalling living conditions.
At both of these locations, due to their close proximity to the ongoing clashes, people were reported to be unable to safely purchase food while roads connecting these locations to neighboring areas were reported to be frequently inaccessible. In terms of availability of services, provision of almost all essential services such as education, electricity, health, and water were reported to be negatively affected by the conflict.
Most displaced households are currently staying with family and in private accommodation in different neighborhoods and suburbs of Tripoli, as well as along the coastal line in Western Libya and the Nafusa mountains; please refer to pages 3 4 of this report for further details. Over 1,900 IDPs have been accommodated in collective shelters set up by local authorities.
While some of the detainees in DCIM centers were arrested in raids on smuggler camps, private homes, and in stops on the streets, the increase in interceptions at sea by the LCG is swelling numbers at the centers and contributing to greater overcrowding and deteriorating conditions. UNHCR reported a “critical worsening' of conditions, with more rioting and protests as a result.23 At least 59 out of 107 detainees whom we interviewed in four detention centers in July 2018 said they had been intercepted or rescued by the LCG. The arbitrary and indefinite nature of the immigration detention system in Libya means there are only discretionary, informal and often dangerous or exploitative ways for people to get out.
The number of families displaced has continued to steadily increase, and most of the displaced households are currently staying with relatives or in privately rented accommodations. Most IDP families have been identified in different neighborhoods and suburbs of Tripoli, as well as in the areas along the coastal line of western Libya and the Nafusa mountains. IDPs displaced to areas in proximity to the reported sites of ongoing clashes remain at risk, along with host community members currently providing them with shelter.
From 1 February to 31 March 2019, the United Nations Support Mission in Libya  ( UNSMIL )  documented civilian casualties –20deaths and 69 injuries   during the conduct of hostilities across Libya.Victims included 12 men, four women, andfour children killed,and 60 men, two women, and seven children injured. The majority of civilian casualties were caused by shelling  ( 11killed and 51 injured ) , followed by gunfire ( ninekilled and 15 injured ) and explosive remnants of war  ( ERW, three injured ) .
Basic services continue to suffer during the conflict. Sporadic electricity cuts continue to be reported and by 31 May there was a 27 percent reduction in water supply in Tripoli.6 Low operational levels of the Ajdabia Reservoir have reduced the water supply line to Sirte and other surrounding areas. Excess waste during the summer season could create a favourable environment for vector breeding and could lead to an outbreak of waterborne diseases. Severe fuel shortages put additional stress on citizens in Tripoli and many other parts of the country.
Health sector partners express concern over lengthy delays in the clearance of medical supplies entering the country due to bureaucratic impediments. Although the port of Tripoli is opened, needed supplies are reported to be held in warehouse pending customs and inspection procedures. Refusal of access for an ambulance loaded with medical supplies for a town to the west of Tripoli has also been reported and is being followed up through WHO.
Lack of financial services – measured in terms of access to cash / liquidity – was also reported as a problem by a majority of key informants  ( 53% ) . Frequent difficulties in obtaining access to cash were reported in the otherwise stable and relatively less affected municipalities of Hai Alandalus, Tajoura and Tripoli Center indicating a structural challenge that also impacts affected population's ability to purchase food and non food items.
No wonder then, the majority of the population report using negative coping mechanisms to be able to pay for healthcare, and up to 80% face challenges obtaining enough money to meet their needs. For example, Al Jufra that has the highest proportion of severely food insecure population  ( 10% ) , 64% reported to have resorted to negative coping strategies. There are indications that many people in Libya are sliding into destitution. A third of the population in Misrata and Jufra spends more than 75% of their income on food, these households are likely to be more at risk from economic shocks as there is little additional budget available for any other expenses except the most basic requirements. Moreover, 44% of households in Sirte reported using negative coping mechanisms to pay for food, including emergency strategies; the highest rate in Libya. Emergency strategies include selling productive assets, asking for food or money from strangers and accepting degrading or illegal work.
Humanitarian service delivery reportedly commenced in locations of displacements, as priority needs related to medical supplies and health assistance, food, WASH and NFIs were identified. Meanwhile, the ongoing conflict in Murzuq City reportedly led to closure of markets and severely impacted impact public services and infrastructure, including unavailability of water services, electricity, telecommunication networks and fuel.
More than 24% of health facilities are closed due to the conflict, electricity cuts or structural damage, and services are interrupted in many other health facilities. Children are unable to reach schools, dozens of which have been destroyed. Nearly 30 more schools are being used as shelters for displaced persons.
In addition, women migrants and refugees in Libya are at risk of rape and other forms of sexual and gender based violence, sexual exploitation and forced prostitution in detention and at large.
Many face harassment, exploitation, and severe insecurity upon entering Libya. Some who originally intended to stay in the country, and who are able to mobilize sufficient resources, have opted to take the perilous journey across the Mediterranean in search of greater safety.
Abuses suffered by refugees and migrants – coupled with the recent escalation in fighting between the GNA and LNA for control over Tripoli – have made Libya increasingly dangerous for people on the move.
There are already some 40,000 refugees and asylum seekers living in urban areas, some of whom are extremely vulnerable and in desperate need of support.
DTM identified an additional 2,397 displaced families  ( approximately 11,983 individuals ) , bringing the total number of internally displaced persons from South Tripoli to at least 28,027 families  ( approximately 140,133 individuals )  who have been forced to leave their homes due to armed conflict since the start of hostilities on 04 April 2019.
More than half  ( 52% )  of migrants in Libya voiced their worries as to where the next meal will come from, which is of serious concern as this could have a toll on their mental well being, and directly reflects on their high vulnerability levels to food insecurity.
Even though food needs did not emerge as the first top concern, the Migration Pulse found that many migrants in Libya tend to be compromising their food consumption for various reasons. And while 11 percent of residents reported having to go with only one meal or none during the previous day, the proportion of migrants who experienced a similar situation was much higher. As illustrated in chart 19, one third of migrants reported to have eaten only one meal in the previous day to the survey.
The 27th round of DTM data collection in Libya took place in August and September 2019. DTM identified at least 636,426 migrants currently present in Libya who originated from more than 39 countries.
The majority of identified migrants comes from Libya's neighboring countries Niger, Chad, Sudan and Egypt, accounting for almost two thirds of Libya's migrant population. Migrants were identified in all 100 municipalities, within 567 communities.
All operations at Tripoli's Mitiga International Airport were suspended between 1 and 7 September, and again from 12 September onwards, due to armed group activity and shelling in the vicinity of the airport. During these periods of suspension, all operating flights have been diverted to Misrata, 200 kilometres to the east. At the time of publication, the coastal road to both Misrata and Tunis remained accessible; however, major routes to Qasr Ben Ghasher and points south were blocked by armed group activity.
On 18 November 2019, several airstrikes hit a civilian manufacturing site in southern Tajoura, killing at least ten civilians and injuring at least 35 others with most of the casualties reportedly being migrants*
Since April 4, the Euro Med has documented airstrikes by forces of retired Major General Khalifa Hifter which killed 1,200 Libyans, injured 3,000, displaced 140,000 civilians, and destroyed hundreds of homes and civilian facilities.
At the outset, I must observe with serious concern that there has been an escalation of violence in Libya over the reporting period. Reports indicate that there have been a high number of civilian deaths, thousands of persons internally displaced, and a sharp increase in abductions, disappearances and arbitrary arrests across Libya.
On 2 July 2019, airstrikes on Tajoura migrant detention centre, east of Tripoli, reportedly killed 53 people and injured 130. In addition, there have been reports of an alleged summary execution of LNA affiliated fighters and some civilians at Gharyan hospital.
Pharmacies had also reportedly closed, some temporarily and others for longer periods, leading to shortages of many medicines in Ain Zara, Mashroua Al Hadhba, and Salaheddin. KIs in Abusliem Al Janubi and the Tawerghan camps at Al Fallah, as well as throughout Tajoura baladiya, reported shortages of medicines used to treat chronic disease
Six of the 13 basic market items assessed have reportedly become more expensive since 26 August.
This comes as 85% per cent of schools remain closed or non operational since the start of the academic year on 13 October due to the ongoing teacher's strike. The crisis is affecting an estimated 800,000 students across the country.
Since the start of the evacuation operation from Libya in late 2017, a total of 4,024 persons  ( including unaccompanied children )  have been evacuated to Niger  ( 2,913 ) , Italy  ( 808 )  and the ETC in Romania  ( 303 ) . There are currently 1,011 evacuees from Libya remaining in Niger, including 159 evacuated unaccompanied children.
So far in 2019, Libyan local authorities have recovered 18 bodies of people who perished while attempting to cross the Mediterranean towards Europe, while 314 people were reported missing.
Taking on debt to pay for the journey to Libya increases both financial and protection risks.
Of the 302 migrants reporting reasons for not being able to access health facilities, 47% reported that they were unable to access health facilities because it was too expensive to obtain health services, followed by 20% reporting a lack of safety. Other reported access constraints included insufficient quality of health services, irregular supply of medicine and distances to the nearest health facility  ( please refer to figure 54 for more details ) .