nlp-thedeep/humsetbias huggingface dataset:
2.8 million people, including 1.7 million children under five and 1.1 million women of reproductive age within the BAY states, need life saving nutrition services. Of these, 534,000 are IDPs; 389,000 returnees; 242,000 in inaccessible areas; and 1.6 million in host communities.
Considering the methodology of analysis, only 19 per cent of Borno LGAs are considered as normal to moderate, with as high as 81 per cent considered to be in crisis or an emergency.10 In Yobe State, 82 per cent of LGAs are considered to be normal to moderate, whereas 18 per cent are in a state of crisis or emergency. Similarly, 81 per cent of Adamawa LGAs are considered to be normal to moderate, while 19 per cent are in crisis or emergency.
Restrictions on freedom of movement of people in and out camps have further stretched the resilience and heightened the vulnerability of displaced population, limiting their access to livelihood opportunities and exposing IDPs, especially women and girls, to heightened risk of harassment, GBV, and sexual exploitation and abuse.
Despite the declaration by the Government of Nigeria that basic education is free and compulsory, as outlined by the Universal Basic Education Act  ( 2004 ) , schools continue to charge fees beyond parents' ability to cover school fees140. Thousands of children also remain out of school due to factors such as the inability of parents to meet the associated costs of sending children to school  ( uniform and school lunch ) ; community preference of Islamic education to formal education; poor infrastructure; and a shortage of qualified teaching staff.
Affected people remain at significant risk of epidemic prone diseases, like cholera, measles and viral hemorrhagic fevers due to low access to essential healthcare, seasonal patterns, lack of access to potable water and sanitation infrastructure, and vulnerabilities as a result of continuous displacement. Women and children are left increasingly susceptible to disease outbreaks, especially cholera.
Flooding, fierce winds and sand storms have resulted in substantial damage of WASH infrastructure. In 2018, at least 20 per cent and 28 per cent of IDPs living in camps in Borno and Adamawa states respectively have been seriously affected as many latrines, showers, handwashing points and solar panels were partially or totally destroyed, affecting access to WASH facilities and services.
The lack of adequate civil infrastructure and basic services, including water, sanitation and health facilities, schools and civil authority, as well as livelihood opportunities in these areas also undermine the sustainability of returns. As a result, many relocated or returning IDPs and returning refugees have not been able to return to their place of habitual residence, and instead have ended up in a situation of secondary displacement, often back in IDP sites. The vast majority of individuals displaced by the conflict are only willing to return to their places of origin when essential conditions, especially security and access to basic services, as well as freedom of movement, are in place.
Nearly all IDPs and IDP returnee households identified as vulnerable reported lacking legal documentation. The lack of documentation puts IDPs, particularly adolescent boys and men, at greater risk for arrest and detention, hinders IDPs' access to basic services such as healthcare and education, and complicates enforcement of their housing, land and property rights.
In 2018, nutrition screening for new arrivals in nine reception sites in Bama, Dikwa, Gwoza, Kala/Balge, Kukawa, Mobbar and Ngala reveals that the nutrition situation of children coming from inaccessible areas is significantly worse than that of children in areas receiving assistance: 21 per cent of those children are suffering from SAM and 18 per cent from MAM.
The ongoing conflict has resulted in widespread displacement, deterioration of the food and nutrition security situation, and destruction of infrastructure. It has deprived communities, especially women and children, of access to basic services and hampered livelihoods of affected populations, especially female headed households, who often reported to face stigmatization within the community and being marginalized from decision making and from partaking in opportunities that are culturally reserved for men.
During this crisis, the most vulnerable groups are: all displaced populations  ( IDPs and returnees ) ; populations living in inaccessible areas; all children under 5 years of age; adolescent girls and women of reproductive health age  ( 15 to 49 years ) ; the elderly  ( over 60 years ) ; and the host community population below the poverty line.
New arrivals from inaccessible areas are considered as the most vulnerable and will be prioritized. Host communities and displacement sites receiving those new arrivals, especially in already congested sites, are also considered to be critically vulnerable. There are WASH needs across the three states in the north east, not only in conflict affected areas, but also in LGAs that have suffered from years of neglect.
Negative coping mechanisms also include increased reports of survival sex and engagement in prostitution especially in communities where there is increased presence of soldiers, restrictions on freedom of movement, and dependency on aid items
The primary driver of displacement is continued military operations, which in turn triggers new arrivals from inaccessible areas, and refugees returning from neighboring countries. In addition to primary displacements to camps or settlements, IDPs in 109 camps have reported as having “returned' and face secondary displacement which has only further exacerbated their hardship and exacerbated the sites' overcrowding.
Partners estimate that 1.8 million displaced people require some form of assistance, in addition to 1.6 million people who have returned to their homes. Some 2.9 million Nigerians living in host communities need support as well as 823,000 people in inaccessible areas. Children, women, the elderly, people with disabilities and people living with HIV/AIDs are disproportionately impacted. In addition, more than 200,000 Nigerian refugees are expected to remain in neighboring countries and will be supported outside of this appeal.
Recent proxy analysis and conditions of new arrivals coming from these areas suggest that people in inaccessible areas are experiencing extremely high levels of needs, including food, nutrition and health. Nutrition screenings in reception centers for new arrivals reveal that the nutrition situation of children coming from inaccessible areas is significantly worse than that of children in areas currently receiving assistance. This analysis is corroborated by reports from new arrivals and data collected remotely that show that the majority of assessed settlements did not receive any humanitarian assistance in the past six months.
The impact of the crisis on the education system has also been severe, leaving generations of children without opportunities to learn and even more vulnerable. Since the conflict erupted in 2009, 611 teachers have been killed, 19,000 teachers displaced, 910 schools damaged or destroyed, and more than 1,500 schools forced to close
In 2018, the conflict continued, with a scale up of the Nigerian Armed Forces counter insurgency campaign in collaboration with the Multinational Joint Task Force  ( MNJTF ) . Major operations and offensives took place in areas across Borno and Yobe states, with active hostilities extending throughout the rainy season – a dynamic that is different from previous years. Non State Armed Group  ( NSAG )  activity also increased in the latter half of 2018, with a series of significant and deadly attacks against Nigerian Armed Forces in areas such as Gudumbali town in Guzamala LGA – a change of tactic that may be linked to leadership struggles within the factions.
Many areas of Borno State are considered high risk for humanitarian actors, which when combined with the lack of safety assurances from all parties to the conflict, is constraining access to desperately vulnerable communities, especially in the central and northern parts of the Borno State
More than 1.7 million vulnerable women in the north east, including between 20 to 30 per cent in inaccessible areas, are of reproductive age  ( 15 to 49 years )  and require reproductive health care and support. Some 260,000 of these women are currently pregnant, and the same number of women is expected to get pregnant within a period of one year. Over 50,000 live births will face complications with a high risk of maternal mortality and morbidity, due to weak/lack of reproductive health services.
Girls are facing heightened risk of child marriage as parents have increasingly indicated using child marriage specifically as a coping mechanism to protect a girl's honor against the widespread sexual violence perpetrated by armed groups, while girls have also indicated the fear of sexual assault or early pregnancy as a reason to get married early.
Large populations in the north east remain dependent on assistance to meet their food needs as a result of limited access to the labour market and livelihood activities, as well as poorly functioning markets. Trade routes remain disrupted as a result of the decade long conflict, restricting trade flows and activities.
In Yobe and Adamawa states, the security situation has improved bringing relative normalcy in some communities. As a result, the number of children accessing schools has increased, but this has rapidly overwhelmed education infrastructure capacity. This improved stability could provide an opportunity to address some long standing barriers to education, including low retention rate
The conflict has forced more than 3.5 million civilians to flee, whether inside the country or across borders. In 2018, intensified fighting between Nigerian Security Forces and NSAGs had caused 240,000 new displacements by October.
Some classrooms accommodate up to 160 students  ( the minimum standard for one classroom is 50 students ) 137. Learning spaces have also been reduced due to the occupation of classrooms and temporal learning shelters by IDPs, especially in areas with high returnee populations such as Dikwa and Pulka, Borno State.
With the continuous influx of new arrivals, especially in Borno State, mainly triggered by military operations, reception centers are overstretched. Access to suitable land to help building additional shelters and decongest reception centers has been identified but delays in the allocation process from relevant government entities has been slow.
Humanitarian access is often impeded or restricted as a result of ongoing hostilities, threats of attack, Improvised Explosive Devices and unexploded ordnances, and impassable roads and bridges. The humanitarian community also faces restrictions on movement imposed by parties to the conflict. Many areas of Borno State are considered high risk for humanitarian actors which is constraining access to vulnerable communities. More than 800,000 people are estimated to be in areas that are inaccessible to international humanitarian organisations.
The protection and well being of 2.7 million children and adolescents  ( 1.5 million girls and 1.2 million boys )  in the north east remains seriously at risk mainly due to the complex and protracted conflict, with higher vulnerabilities anticipated to exist in inaccessible areas. The resilience of communities for protection of children has been weakened resulting in negative coping mechanisms.
In many areas across Borno State, market and trade routes continue to be disrupted as a result of insecurity, the presence of UXOs/IEDs and impassable roads during the rainy season. These, and other existing bans on fish trade and restrictions on purchasing fertilizers, impact trade flows and activities.
Protection risks have been identified as one of the most significant challenges related to energy access which involves mostly women and children: 85 per cent of women and girls interviewed reported facing protection risks when collecting firewood.
More than 2 million girls, boys and caregivers need psychosocial support services due to severe distress, hardship and displacement. An estimated 770,000 children and caregivers remain at risk of injury and loss of life from explosive remnants of war.
The cumulative impacts of such violent experiences and stresses have weakened communities' resilience and coping mechanisms, and as a result more than 2 million girls, boys and caregivers require psychosocial support services. If left unaddressed, such traumas will have serious impacts on health and wellbeing, and could result in the emergence of new patterns of violence.
Ongoing new conflict related displacement, including the influx of IDPs, refugees and returnees, into overcrowded and under serviced camps and settlements in some LGAs, mainly in Borno State  ( Pulka, Gowza, Monguno, Bama, Dikwa, Kukawa, Ngala ) , exacerbates the risk of disease outbreaks including cholera, hepatitis, meningitis and measles.
The situation is further exacerbated by unsafe water, inadequate hygiene and sanitation services linked to long term structural deficiencies, as well as a general weakening of resilience in affected communities. Women and children in particular are left increasingly susceptible to disease outbreaks, including cholera. In 2018, cholera outbreaks affected 18 LGAs in the BAY states with a total of 10,571 cases. In addition, 1.5 million people are considered at risk and require cholera prevention interventions.
The delivery of quality services and referrals for secondary care to prevent maternal deaths and maternal morbidity remain limited as the availability of GBV specialized assistance  ( including PEP kits, clinical management of rape cases )  and GBV trained medical staff is insufficient. Mental Health and Psychosocial  ( MHPSS )  services are also extremely limited: for example, mental health treatment services are only available at the Federal Neuro Psychiatric Hospital in Maiduguri.
The crisis has contributed to a deterioration in the quality of education in public schools, worsening pre existing education conditions such as inadequate school infrastructures, the absence of teaching and learning materials, insufficient or overcrowded classrooms and inadequate water and sanitation facilities.
Security restrictions also remain a significant constraint for agricultural livelihood outreach, including movement and distribution of fertilizer. In Borno State, the ongoing crisis and military restrictions continued to limit land access and involvement in agriculture during the recent planting season: about 39 per cent of IDPs in Borno State do not have access to land where they can grow any type of food
IDP camps and sites are rife with serious protection risks especially for young girls and boys, unaccompanied children, child headed and female headed households. These risks include GBV, including sexual exploitation and abuse, forced early marriage, recruitment, and use of children and child labor.
Returning refugees from neighbouring countries, who have not yet been able to return to their home areas, mainly due to insecurity, have also moved into the IDP sites, in particular in Banki, Damasak and Ngala, in Borno State.
Access remains one of the biggest challenges, with communities unable to access their livelihoods or pursue cross border trade. Humanitarian access was also impeded or restricted, due to military restrictions and ongoing hostilities and insecurity, and poor roads and physical conditions;
Large scale displacement continues to place a heavy strain on already vulnerable communities with pre existing inadequate levels of access to basic infrastructure and services, further limiting income and livelihood opportunities, and increasing resource demands. This situation has led to societal tensions between IDPs, returnees and host communities3.
The 2018 agricultural season has been progressing positively, with fair distribution of precipitation, providing optimal conditions for the growth and development of crops. However, due to restricted access to land for most households, particularly in Borno State, harvests may remain substantially below average for most IDPs that are able to cultivate.
The crisis, which is fundamentally a protection of civilians crisis, has largely been triggered by an ongoing regionalized armed conflict, characterized by massive and widespread abuse against civilians including killings, rape and other sexual violence, abduction, child recruitment, burning of homes, pillaging, forced displacement, arbitrary detention, and the use of explosive hazards, including in deliberate attacks on civilian targets.
Girls are disproportionately affected. Traditionally, the education of girls is not valued equally to that of boys, and their formal education is commonly viewed as incompatible with Islamic teachings. In many parts of Nigeria, including northern Nigeria, early marriage is still common practice, which negatively impacts girls' enrolment and retention in schools.
New arrivals from inaccessible areas, especially women and children, are particularly at risk and need urgent WASH support. Those include at least 100,000 children under five and 30,000 pregnant and lactating women in Borno and Yobe states
Two thirds of health facilities have been damaged by the conflict – a clear indication of the impact of the crisis on the health system. The north east remains highly endemic for diseases, including diarrhea, due to a variety of issues including limited access to essential health care, vulnerabilities related to displacement and congested living conditions.
Conditions in displacement sites, including inadequate shelter, have heightened protection risks including the incidence of GBV. IDPs that belong to vulnerable groups, such as the elderly, women, children and disabled, face even more challenges in relation to shelter needs, in relation to the shelter choices available to them.
Screening of new arrivals at reception centers indicate a high level of nutrition and other humanitarian needs among families coming from inaccessible areas. In July 2018, out of 679 children arriving in Bama from inaccessible areas, 146  ( 22 per cent )  were classified in the red category  ( MUAC <115mm ) . These numbers, although very high, only represent a small proportion of the overall caseload of children aged 6 59 months in Bama  ( 15,726 children ) , but underline the severe nutrition status of children coming from inaccessible areas.
High protection risks, especially for women and girls, as a result of persistent insecurity in and around the camps/ sites, including lack of safe WASH facilities in some sites, unsafe access to portable water and cooking fuel, inadequate police patrols, and limited access to justice;
Women and girls are also at heightened risk of GBV due to poverty and limited access to income generating activities. Forced and early marriage is reportedly used to alleviate households' economic burden and is viewed as a protective measure to deter NSAGs from abducting unmarried girls.
Pre existing gender inequalities due to unequal access to opportunities have contributed to limited resources and skills among women and girls, which have increased their vulnerability and exposure to abuse, including sexual exploitation. Those in inaccessible areas lack access to food, supplies and services, are at high risk of abuses, and are not able to engage in their normal livelihoods such as farming and trade due to limited movement associated with insecurity.
Despite a scale up of nutrition interventions in 2018, the ongoing conflict continues to have a direct impact on people's nutrition status which is further exacerbated by weak health infrastructures, poor infant and young child feeding practices, limited access to safe water and sanitation services, poor hygiene conditions and food insecurity.
Constraints to accessing education, combined with families' limited livelihood opportunities, means children, especially boys but also girls, face a higher risk of recruitment by armed groups, while young girls face a higher risk of sexual violence and abuse, early marriage, association with armed groups, abduction or being used as suicide bombers
Further, over 60 per cent of displaced persons are living in host communities, making it harder to reach them with assistance and putting additional pressure on the already stretched resources of these communities.
The unavaibility of viable land to meet the immediate shelter needs of new arrivals is also a major constraint. This is coupled with the need to decongest camps, with 41 camps identified as highly congested, mostly in Dikwa, Monguno, Jere, Konduga, Damboa and Kala/ Balge LGAs  ( Borno State ) . Over 800Ha is required to ensure adequate space is provided in camps for proper site planning, to avert protection concerns and to reduce the impact of the heavy rainy season and fire outbreaks.
Several LGAs have been particularly affected based on the levels of damages and service delivery burden associated with high numbers of returnees and IDPs in host communities: Damboa, Konduga, Monguno  ( Borno State ) ; Madagali, Mubi North, Hong  ( Adamawa State ) ; and Gujba, Potiskum and Fika  ( Yobe State )
Extreme weather, including sand storms and the hot and rainy seasons, have further exacerbated shelter needs and camp conditions. This has also resulted in additional displacement, particularly in Adamawa State, with recent floods leading to the displacement of thousands of people.
Forty percent of IDPs live in one of the more than 250 camps or settlements  ( schools or government buildings used as temporary shelter ) , the majority of which were created spontaneously. Of those, 44 per cent live in self made shelters, which are often inadequate, while 54 per cent live in shelters provided by humanitarian partners. In all types of camp settings, most shelters are occupied by women headed households  ( HH )  or single mothers.
Households affected by conflicts and banditry in the northwest and central parts of Nigeria are also of high concern. In localized areas, affected households have lost some typical sources of food and income and Stressed  ( IPC Phase 2 )  outcomes are likely among these households through September. With the main harvest in October most households are expected to have increased income and food access, except worst affected households in Zamfara state who will likely remain Stressed  ( IPC Phase 2 )  through January 2020.
Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  and Emergency  ( IPC Phase 4 )  outcomes are expected to remain widespread throughout northeast Nigeria through early 2020. Outcomes in inaccessible areas are likely similar or may be worse than neighboring accessible areas, and there remains a risk of Famine  ( IPC Phase 5 )  in these areas. Extreme levels of acute food insecurity, including Famine  ( IPC Phase 5 )  are also possible in a worst case scenario in which conflict shifts and significantly restricts humanitarian access and household movement.
Since January 2019, over 1.7 million people remain displaced in Adamawa, Borno, and Yobe states. Since the beginning of the year, there have been significant new displacements/new arrivals from hard to reach areas, with over 60,000 arrivals reported so far
With the continuous influx of displaced people, especially in Borno, reception centers and IDP camps are overstretched. In December, around 20,000 people arrived in Teachers Village, a camp in Maiduguri, raising its population to 30,000 people. The site has a maximum hosting capacity of between 8,500 to 10,000 displaced persons. The influx has overstretched resources, especially shelter, and thousands of people sleep in the open. It is likely that the food security situation would be worse in the absence of humanitarian assistance in IDP camps and settlements.
Dry season harvest and other off season activities remain below average in localized affected areas. In some areas main harvests were either looted or burnt by the bandits. The situation in Zamfara has escalated to neighboring Sokoto state including Rabah, Kebbe, Isa, Goronyo, Dange Shuni, Tureta, Tangaza, and Sabon Birni LGAs. The Nigerian military has intensified their operations in worst affected areas in Zamfara and Katsina states against the armed bandits and kidnappers.
Zamfara state recorded 38,113 IDPs, and is the most impacted with 13 out of the 14 LGAs across the state that have been affected with the ongoing conflict. Katsina and Sokoto states recorded hosting 16,257 and 12,527 IDPs, respectively, during the same period. There are over 20,000 displaced persons from Katsina, Sokoto, and Zamfara states who crossed over to Niger republic. Ground information indicates that the IDPs are in need of humanitarian assistance, and food was the major priority reported by those living in camps and host communities. Most of the IDPs are living within host communities and makeshift shelters while some are living in camps.
The usual transhumance has also reduced substantially as pastoralists avoid areas of persist conflict and cattle rustling. Localized affected communities in Zamfara state including Kaura Namoda, Shinkafi, Maru, Maradun, Birnin Magaji, and Zurmi LGAs are also reportedly unable to engage in crop cultivation. Similarly, in Dandume, Batsari, Safana, Dan Musa and Sabuwa LGAs in Katsina, cultivation of tall growing crops such as maize, millet, and sorghum are restricted within distances of one to two kilometers from the city and village centers due to fear of attacks by the bandits. Only short growing crops such as rice, cowpeas, groundnuts, and sweet potatoes are cultivated, limiting locally staple cereal crop production.
Dr. Salma Anas Kolo, former Commissioner of Health in Borno state said that attrition rates of health workers have severely affected the quality of healthcare in Borno as the State lost 35% of its doctors to other states. “In 2011, there were 35 medical doctors with the Borno state government which increased to 115 in 2013 and later dropped to 75 before the state beefed up recruitment'.
This drastic decrease in the quality and capacity of the healthcare system in the region stands in contrast with the increased need for life saving health services from the population affected by the conflict. It is estimated that 5.3 million people are in need of health interventions and assistance in those 3 states including close to 4 million children.
Yola, 19 June 2019   With the notification of newly confirmed cases from Yola North, Yola South and Girei local government areas  ( LGAs ) , the Adamawa State Ministry of Health has declared on 18 June 2019 an outbreak of cholera. As of 17 June 2019, a total of 76 cases have been reported, including one death from three LGAs Yola North  ( 44 cases including 1 death ) , Yola South  ( 1 case )  and Girei  ( 31 cases ) .
Within the period of 17   23 June, a total of 3,436 movements were recorded, including 2,829 arrivals and 607 departures. Arrivals were recorded at loca�ons in Askira/Uba, Bama, Biu, Chibok, Damboa, Dikwa, Gwoza, Hawul, Kala Balge, Mafa, Mobbar, Monguno and Ngala Local Government Areas  ( LGAs )  of Borno state and loca�ons in Demsa, Fufore, Girei, Gombi, Guyuk, Hong, Lamurde, Madagali, Maiha, Mayo Belwa, Michika, Mubi North, Mubi South, Numan, Song, Yola North and Yola South LGAs of Adamawa state. Departures were recorded at Askira/Uba LGA of Borno state, Demsa, Girei, Gombi, Hong, Madagali, Maiha, Mayo Belwa, Mubi North, Mubi South, Numan, Song, Yola North and Yola South LGAs of Adamawa state
However, compared to the same period last year, prices of imported rice and maize flour increased by six and 47 per cent respectively. The trend of stable and decreasing prices over the past three months can be attributed to improved market supply. This would likely improve access to these staple food items for households who are dependent on market commodities in the short term.
In April, Nutrition Sector partners continued to deliver response services across Borno, Adamawa and Yobe  ( BAY )  states. In total, 21,149 children under the age of five were admitted for the management of severe acute malnutrition  ( SAM )  without medical complications across out patient therapeutic  ( OTP )  sites. Some 1,332 children were treated for SAM with medical complications in 33 in patient stabilisation centres, while management of moderate acute malnutrition  ( MAM )  reached 1,517 children between the ages of 24 and 59 months.
Between January and mid April 2019, a total of 12,810 suspected measles cases with 68 associated deaths  ( CFR:05% )  were reported across seven high risk LGAs in Borno State. By the end of March, the Health Sector vaccinated more than half a million children between the ages of six months to nine years in Borno State throughout two vaccination campaigns. No immunizations were carried out in April, as partners were waiting on additional measles vaccines to conduct phase two of the vaccination campaign.
40 per cent of camps and camp like settings across Borno State remain over congested. However, progress was made in April with the extension of Kuya Camp in Monguno town, where an additional 900 shelters are being constructed of which 500 shelters are completed and have been allocated to internally displaced people who have arrived in Monguno at the beginning of 2019.
Between 2009 and 2019, Hostilities between government and NSAGs has affected around 13.4 million people in the Northeast of Nigeria. Out of the total affected, approximately 7.1 million need humanitarian assistance while 6.2 million are targeted for humanitarian assistance. To date, 1.8 million people are reported internally displaced, and new displacement continues due to the insurgency in the states of Borno, Yobe, and Adamawa. The crises have impacted women, men, girls and boys, and people with special needs differently, and their vulnerabilities, as well as coping mechanisms, vary.
 Security conditions in northeastern Nigeria remain volatile due to intermittent organized armed group  ( OAG )  attacks on civilian and military infrastructure, the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees  ( UNHCR )  reports. On May 7, OAG actors attacked two villages near Borno's capital city of Maiduguri, causing the deaths of at least 10 individuals and setting fire to houses, resulting in population displacement.
Heavy rains and flooding could negatively affect up to 400,000 vulnerable people including nearly 248,000 IDPs in northeastern Nigeria during the rainy season, according to a flood vulnerability mapping exercise recently conducted by the CCCM Sector the coordinating body for humanitarian CCCM activities, comprising UN agencies, NGOs, and other stakeholders.
Currently, armed attacks are on the rise in northeast Nigeria. The Humanitarian Snapshot published by UNOCHA reported that at least 9,000 persons from Rann town in Nigeria fled to Cameroon after Boko Haram raided the town leaving more than 100 structures destroyed or badly burnt down  ( 18 January – 01 February 2019 ) . Some 6,000 Nigerians have also fled the recent hostilities to Chad's western Lac region. Rann town, home to 76,000 internally displaced people is currently inaccessible to international humanitarian organizations by road or by air leaving its population threatened by starvation.
Community leaders tend to dismiss women and girls' reports of sexual violence and family members often feel pressure and shame of having a survivor at home. Adolescent girls are the most insecure populations; experiencing kidnapping, rape, harassment, early and forced marriages. Girls in the communities give birth at very early ages, facing pregnancy complications. When raped and sexually assaulted, they receive no medical treatment and keep it quiet, bearing the burden. Survival sex for food and materials are among quoted coping mechanisms. Women and adolescent girls are also exposed to low access /poor quality protection services and their poor quality.
NCA assessments have also uncovered that there is poor male engagement in GBV and child protection issues and this group also harbor deep rooted feelings of “being left behind' from humanitarian interventions. This applies especially to adolescent boys who are mainly seen as perpetrators and who themselves face protection violations  ( e.g. forced recruitment, beatings and movement restrictions from Security Forces ) .
Based on the rapid assessment conducted by Christian Aid in January 2019, Humanitarian gaps  ( especially in WASH and Protection sectors )  and across all sectors are increasing due to recent waves of displacement. New arrivals from inaccessible areas, especially women and children, are also in urgent need of WASH support.
The total number of cases reported as at 20th June, 2019 stands at 91 cases  ( 52 females, 39 males )  with 1 death  ( CFR=1.1% ) . Yola North has 57 cases with 1 death  ( CFR= 1.75% ) ; Girei has 33 cases with 0 deaths  ( CFR=0% )  and Yola South has 1 case with 0 death  ( CFR=0% ) . So far, 8 samples yielded growth typical of Vibrio cholera on culture and 6 isolates  ( of the 8 samples )  sent to the reference laboratory revealed 01 serotype
Adamawa state officially declared that an outbreak of cholera on the 18th of June 2019 o Advocacy visit was made so that government will release funds to respond to outbreak o Verbal commitment were made by various development partners to support in outbreak o SMOH, ADSPHCDA, WHO, USA CDC etc attended the coordination meeting
In much of the accessible areas of the northeast, humanitarian actors report no serious issues accessing necessary logistics services  ( such as storage or transport )  through the commercial sector. However, in Borno State the scale of humanitarian assistance continues to strain the logistics resources available  ( i.e. transport assets contracted out of Maiduguri can be of poor quality, trucks are prone to breakdown, and/or have a limited capacity to move on waterlogged roads ) .
There are also limited airstrip or aerodrome options in the north eastern states, so a number of field Landing Zones  ( LZs )  have been established through the UNHAS Nigeria operations. Poor weather conditions, particularly during the Harmattan and the rainy season, insecurity, and a limited supply of aviation fuel make conditions for air operations generally challenging.
Within the period of 10   16 June, a total of 3,157 movements were recorded, including 2,287 arrivals and 870 departures. Arrivals were recorded at loca�ons in Askira/Uba, Bama, Biu, Damboa, Gwoza, Jere, Kaga, Kala Balge, Maiduguri, Mobbar, Monguno and Ngala Local Government Areas  ( LGAs )  of Borno state and loca�ons in Demsa, Fufore, Girei, Gombi, Guyuk, Hong, Madagali, Maiha, Mayo Belwa, Michika, Mubi North, Mubi South, Numan, Song, Yola North and Yola South LGAs of Adamawa state. Departures were recorded at Maiduguri, Gwoza and Askira/Uba LGAs of Borno state, Demsa, Girei, Gombi, Hong, Madagali, Maiha, Mayo Belwa, Michika, Mubi North, Mubi South, Numan, Song, Yola North and Yola South LGAs of Adamawa state
Askira/Uba: 303 arrivals and 268 departures were recorded in Askira/Uba LGA of Borno state. These include 28 arrivals from Shafa ward of Hawul LGA, 163 arrivals from Uba ward and 58 arrivals from Zadawa ward of Askira/Uba LGA tracked at Kopa/Multhfu and Ngohi wards of Askira/Uba LGA. Other arrivals include 29 from Jera Bonyo ward of Girei LGA and 25 arrivals from Mayo Lope and Kulinyi wards of Hong LGA of Adamawa state. Departures include 26 from Lassa ward of Askira/Uba LGA tracked at Uvu Central ward of Askira/Uba LGA and 11 departures from Michika II ward of Michika LGA of Adamawa state. 63% of the new arrivals reported to have relocated due to improved security, 3% due to fear of a�ack while 34% relocated due to poor living condi�ons. 67% of the departure was due to fear of a�ack while 33% was due to poor living condi�ons.
Madagali: 247 arrivals and 110 departures were recorded in Madagali LGA of Adamawa state. These include 101 arrivals from Girei I and Moderi/Vinikilang wards of Girei LGA, 8 arrivals from Garkida ward of Gombi LGA, 20 arrivals from Song wake ward of Song LGA, 20 arrivals from Gude and Lamurde wards of Mubi South LGA, 40 arrivals from Vim�m and Muchalla wards of Mubi North LGA and 8 arrivals from Pakka ward of Maiha LGA. Other arrivals are 17 from Mararaba ward of Madagali LGA tracked at Bebel ward of Madagali LGA, 14 arrivals from Dukku LGA of Gombe state and 7 arrivals from Gamawa LGA of Bauchi state. Departures include 23 from Sigire ward of Song LGA, 15 departures from Shangui ward of Hong LGA, 12 departures from Modire/Vinikilang ward of Girei LGA, 37 departures from Gwoza LGA of Borno state and 10 departures from Jalingo LGA of Taraba state. 67% of the new arrivals reported to have relocated due to improved security, 7% due to fear of a�ack while 26% was due to poor living condi�ons. 45% of the departure was due to fear of a�ack, 34% due to improved security while 21% was due to poor living condi�ons.
An exhaus�ve nutri�on screening using monitoring of symptoms of acute malnutri�on mid upper arm circumference  ( MUAC )  and Oedema was conducted by Nutri�on Sector partners for 139 children of 6 59 months. Of the 153 children screened, the MUAC reading was: 5 children  ( 3 from inaccessible and 2 from accessible area )  were in the Red category, 17 were in the Yellow category and 131 were measured in the Green category. No case of Oedema was reported in the 7 LGAs.
However on March 2, ISWAP issued a statement claiming to have killed 10 soldiers and seized a military truck in the attack, according to SITE Intelligence which monitors jihadist activities.
The militants invaded a base holding more than 700 soldiers in Yobe state   where they abducted over 100 girls from a school earlier this year   in an hours long onslaught Saturday night, a military source told AFP on condition of anonymity.
The Islamist militants' nearly nine year insurgency has killed at least 20,000 and forced some 2.6 million others to flee their homes, sparking a dire humanitarian crisis.
Five farmers were killed on Wednesday when their vehicle hit a landmine near the restive northeast Nigerian city of Maiduguri, militia and residents said.
The security situation in the Lake Chad region has seriously deteriorated in recent months and the crisis is now in its tenth year. The impact on civilians has expanded from Nigeria across the Lake Chad region to Niger, Chad and Cameroon. They continue to bear the brunt of a conflict that has led to forced displacement of more than 2.5 million people and violations of international humanitarian and human rights law. Since the start of the conflict, more than 35,000 people have been killed and thousands of women and girls abducted.
Forced displacement is a pressing, and worsening, global problem. The United Nations High Commission for Refugee  ( UNHCR ) reportsthat there are 25.4 million refugees and 68.5 million forcibly displaced people.
DTM assessments for Round 26 could not be conducted in all Local Government Areas  ( LGAs )  or districts due to increases in the numbers of attacks and kidnappings by NSAG, counter offensives by Nigerian security forces and overall deterioration in the security situation.
Compared to Round 25 when 2,457 locations were assessed, 2,415 locations were assessed in Round 26 due to reduced accessibility. As a result, 1,948,349 individuals were recorded as being displaced in the affected states in Round 26, a decrease of four per cent  ( or 78,253 individuals )  in the number of IDPs recorded since the last round of assessment published in November 2018. As per unverifiable reports, population movement went up in the LGAs that could not be accessed.
Borno, the State that is most affected by the crisis, is also the state which saw the greatest restriction in coverage during Round 26 assessments. Overall, nine wards in Borno could not be assessed due to lack of accessibility. The increase in the number of inaccessible wards is a key reason for the decrease in the number of IDPs recorded in this round of assessment, even as mobility actually went up due to the increase in insecurity.
A recent spike in violence in northwestern parts of Nigeria has forced an estimated 20,000 people to seek refuge across the border in Niger since April, according to the UN Refugee Agency. The UNHCR has been working with the Niger authorities to provide basic assistance and register new arrivals, reporting that 18,000 people have gone through the registration process so far.
As more people become displaced due to ongoing conflict, northeast Nigeria remains in a humanitarian crisis stemming from the threats made by Boko Haram. A lack of state presence has allowed criminal networks to operate freely for decades, however since the emergence of the Islamist militia nine years ago there have been countless insurgencies, forcing households to leave their homes and relocate to camps and host communities for IDPs. More recently, this displacement has been exacerbated by clashes between semi nomadic cattle herders, mostly of Fulani ethnicity, and sedentary farmers.
On April 16, a report from the Special Rapporteur on Trafficking in Persons identified Nigeria as a source, transit and destination country for victims of trafficking. The vast majority of these trafficked persons are falling prey to traffickers in transit countries, such as Libya, and are subject to all forms of human rights violations, including torture, rape, extortion, forced labour and sexual labour amounting to trafficking and contemporary forms of slavery, the report finds. Internal trafficking, mainly from rural to urban areas is reportedly rampant in Nigeria, mainly affecting women and girls for the purpose of domestic servitude and sexual exploitation, and men and boys for the purpose of begging, labour exploitation and street vending.
Nigeria currently sits on 40 billion barrels of oil reserves and $48 billion worth of investment opportunities in the oil and gas sector, but Africa's largest economy is mired in problems, the Forbes report reads. “Nigeria has never been a particularly business friendly place,' says David Bruckmeier, a sub Saharan business intelligence analyst at London based political risk firm AKE Group. “Outright hostile action against major foreign investors is rare, but bureaucracy, pervasive corruption, an unfavourable tax system and disputes with investors hurt investment,' he says. The Forbes report states it is the government's fault that Nigeria's economy is prevented from growing.
Since the conflict between Nigerian security forces and armed opposition groups  ( AOGs )  escalated in 2013, more than two million individuals have been displaced.1 Most were displaced within Borno State, particularly to urban centres in accessible Local Government Areas  ( LGAs ) .2 The humanitarian response is challenged by information gaps including, but not limited to, a lack of clarity on the security environment in inaccessible areas outside of urban centres, clarity on the availablility of services and persons' access to services in accessible locations and the varying vulnerabilites of beneficiaries.
Since the conflict between Nigerian security forces and armed opposition groups  ( AOGs )  escalated in 2013, more than two million individuals have been displaced.1 Most were displaced within Borno State, particularly to urban centres in accessible Local Government Areas  ( LGAs ) .2 The humanitarian response is challenged by information gaps including, but not limited to, a lack of clarity on the security environment in inaccessible areas outside of urban centres, clarity on the availablility of services and persons' access to services in accessible locations and the varying vulnerabilites of beneficiaries
Safe access to fuel and energy  ( SAFE )  is inadequate in northeastern Nigeria, posing risks in terms of malnutrition, protection  ( e.g. attacks during the collection of wood ) , deforestation, health risks and tensions over natural resources.
Nigeria is currently experiencing a large outbreak of Measles with 11,603 suspected cases including 27 deaths reported from all 36 states and the Federal Capital Territory since the beginning of the year. This represents a significant increase compared with the 4,764 suspected cases reported across the country, during the same period in 2018. With 8,092 suspected cases including 6,560 children under five years, Borno is the most affected states. The Maiduguri Metropolitan Council area alone reported close to 6,560 suspected cases followed by Jere  ( 1,040 )  and Bama  ( 740 )  Local Government Areas. In total, 22 LGAs and 28 internally displaced camps are affected by the outbreak.
In February, the United Nations and humanitarian partners prioritized responding to the immediate needs of an estimated 30,000 new arrivals as part of the 90 Day Emergency Response Plan. This plan follows a spike in mass movements of internally displaced people between the end of December and end of January. The majority of new arrivals, mostly from Baga town in Kukawa LGA, converged in internally displaced camps in greater Maiduguri  ( MMC, Jere, and Konduga LGAs )  and are in urgent need of shelter, food, health services, and WASH facilities.
At the height of influx, Teachers Village IDP Camp in Maiduguri reached a population of more than 31,000 people in a location that has maximum capacity for 10,000 people. This resulted in overpopulation of the camp, significantly overstretching the existing resources. In February, humanitarians completed the site planning, construction, and relocation plans for a new IDP camp at Mohammed Goni International Stadium in Maiduguri to decongest Teachers Village. The relocation process started at the end of February and 266 households  ( approximately 1,130 individuals )  were moved and this process will continue in March, to ultimately accommodate an estimated 2,580 households  ( 14,200 individuals ) . However, 40 per cent of IDP camps across Borno State will still faces challenges of over congestion.
Shelter and NFI needs remain high despite the various interventions carried out by partners, with the majority being in Maiduguri, Monguno and Rann  ( Kala Balge )  LGAs of Borno State.
Nigeria, presidential and National Assembly elections were conducted. There were no major disruptions to the polls in the three North Eastern States of Borno, Adamawa and Yobe which have been affected by insecurity. However, there were reported incidents of insecurity in Borno and Yobe States, on the morning of 23 February. IDPs  ( Internally Displaced Persons )  were however allowed to exercise their right to vote. Another attack on Maiduguri  ( Borno State )  on 23rd February left one solider dead and 20 wounded. Boko Haram claimed responsibility for the attack which took place just hours before the opening of polling stations. It was the first time that Boko Haram had targeted Maiduguri with heavy weaponry although the city has suffered several attacks by Group.
Congestion in displacement camps and lack of basic sanitation facilities and hygiene could spark a fresh cholera outbreak in north east Nigeria if no action is taken, the Norwegian Refugee Council warned on 1 April. A record 10,000 cholera cases were registered during the 2018 outbreak in which more than 175 people died. Cholera has erupted every year in north east Nigeria over the past decade. A recent spike in armed attacks have uprooted more than 100,000 people, forcing them to seek refuge in already crowded camps. In one camp in Borno state, there are 466 people for one latrine, nine times above the acceptable humanitarian standards.
The health authorities, UNICEF and WHO launched a five day measles vaccination in Borno state on 21 March, the first of two immunization campaigns targeting 1.7 million children this year. According to the 2017 Nigeria Demographic Health Survey, only 65 per cent of eligible Nigerian children receive their first dose of measles vaccine every year. In Borno, the low coverage has led to the deaths of at least 13 children in the current measles outbreak. Nigeria has the world's highest measles burden, with 3.3 million unimmunized children.