nlp-thedeep/humsetbias huggingface dataset:
Migrants have access to mental health care through the AZV insurance. The Health Study Aruba 2016 2017 shows that, 11 per cent of the participants had a need for professional mental help, and of those in need, 93 per cent had already sought help through a psychologist  ( 64 per cent ) , psychiatrist  ( 27 per cent )  or social worker  ( nine per cent ) .118 Notwithstanding this, migrants in irregular status, who may face greater vulnerabilities and challenges, do not have access to public psychiatric care and may not receive immediate help.
Work permit applications for the public and private sectors are processed by the Department for the Integration, Management and Admission of Foreign Nationals  ( Departamento di Integracion, Maneho y Admision di Stranhero or DIMAS )  under the Ministry of Justice, Security and Integration  ( Ministerio di Husticia, Seguridad y Integracion ) . However, foreign nationals wishing to work in Aruba must first receive a positive work assessment from the DPL, in accordance with the National Ordinance on Admission and Expulsion  ( Landsverondering toelating en uitzetting  ( LTU ) , AB 1993 no. GT 33, last amended in AB 2021 no. 49 ) 135 and the admission policy in order to obtain a work permit from DIMAS.
the limitations in documenting irregular migration, Aruba does not currently collect data on the number of migrants in irregular status participating in the labour market.
Migrant workers, who are registered at the Civil Registry Office, have a valid residency or work permit and are insured by the General Health Insurance  ( Algemene Ziekenverzekering or AZV )  can access the national security scheme managed by the Social Insurance Bank  ( Sociale Verzerkeringsbank or SVb ) . Aruba's minimum monthly wage in 2020 was 1,815.35 AWG/1,008.26 USD.
MAIN NEEDS IDENTIFIED BY GOVERNMENT • Establish mechanisms to attract skilled migrants and develop a clear and transparent policy for high–skilled migrants. • Complete the labour information system, include labour data on migration available at other government institutions, and utilize the system as a centralized labour information mechanism. • Improve the coordination mechanism between government institutions involved in labour to strengthen labour policies and streamline labour information across these institutions. • Allocate human resources to conduct independent research on the labour market demand for immigrants.
The working group has estimated the registration of Venezuelan children in irregular status in schools at approximately 1,000 children. According to officials of the Ministry of General Affairs, due to a lack of: a )  mandatory insurance needed to meet the administrative requirements; and b )  the proficiency of the Dutch language, which is the official language of the education system, the educational system of Aruba may experience difficulties with migrant children in irregular status. Although education is compulsory for children ages four to 16 as stipulated in the Compulsory Education Act  ( Leerplichtverordening, AB 2011 no. 82 ) ,167 children are required to have insurance, and migrant children who do not have insurance cannot access education.
Many Spanish–speaking migrants also experience difficulties with the proficiency of the Dutch language, and due to the lack of a system to teach the Dutch language, these migrants can only access public schools until the age of nine.
In terms of housing, the Government of Aruba has established a special residence permit for migrants who want to live temporarily in Aruba as a pensioner or an interest–rate earner,172 and these migrants can buy properties on the island. Migrants who have obtained Dutch nationality are able to access social housing through the Social Housing Foundation  ( Fundacion Cas pa Comunidad Arubano ) . However, according to officials from IOM Aruba, migrants in irregular status do not have access to housing and are only provided with housing assistance by the HIAS, Red Cross Aruba, and in special cases, IOM. Particularly, Venezuelan migrants in irregular status continue to face challenges with shelter, as it is illegal to rent houses to migrants in irregular status.
MAIN NEEDS IDENTIFIED BY THE GOVERNMENT • Establish policies and protocols to stimulate the integration process of the migrant labour population. • Develop legislation pertaining to labour migration of high–skilled migrants and their families to make immigration laws and policies more flexible. • Improve the education system for local and migrant children.
The Constitution of Aruba  ( Staatsregeling van Aruba, Art. 1 )  prohibits discrimination on the grounds of “religion, philosophy of life, political affiliation, race, gender, skin colour, language, national or societal background, national minorities, capital, birth, or any other ground,'40 and persons are liable to a maximum imprisonment of one year or a fine of up to AWG 10.000 /USD 5.587 for discriminatory actions.
MAIN NEEDS IDENTIFIED THE GOVERNMENT • Identify vulnerable migrant groups on the island and the reasons for their vulnerability. • Increase cohesion in government programmes with regard to the assistance of vulnerable migrants. • Strengthen collaboration between government agencies regarding the assistance of vulnerable migrants. • Establish a national policy and plan of action regarding the assistance of vulnerable migrants. • Create a comprehensive government system for the identification of vulnerable migrants in irregular status. • Establish and implement a refugee law.
MAIN NEEDS IDENTIFIED BY THE GOVERNMENT • Establish a migration policy and include the component of disaster prevention. • Establish a clear and effective labour policy to ensure that the economic needs of migrants are met in times of emergencies and that government agencies responsible for disaster risk management are aware of their mandate. • Include provisions for the protection and assistance of migrant populations in situations of emergencies and disasters in the COVID 19 policy plan. • Include French language in the early warning system to communicate with the French speaking countries of the Caribbean.
Migrants who are registered on the island and thus in regular status are covered by the AZV; however, migrants in irregular status are not covered, and as a result, they only have access to emergency care provided by the government. In 2020, as reported by the inter agency coordination platform, Response for Venezuela  ( R4V ) , many Venezuelans did not have access to the national health system in Aruba.115 Nevertheless, migrants regardless of status were granted access to COVID 19 testing and related treatments,116 and migrants in irregular status could get registered at the Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society  ( HIAS )  Aruba to get vaccinated.
MAIN NEEDS IDENTIFIED BY IOM AND OTHER AGENCIES129 • Update the National Health Account Aruba 2015 to include migrantrelated issues such as access to health. • Implement provisions in legislation or protocols that specifically clarify and address the health needs of migrant populations to advocate for inclusion of migrants in the existing national protocols. • Include migrant related variables in regular health data collection instruments. • Create health campaigns to target migrant populations. • Train health officials on health vulnerabilities of migrants and their particular needs of access. • Develop and implement a mental health and psychosocial support plan for migrants, including subsequent protocols and formal referral mechanisms. • Update the National Strategic Plan Expanded Response to HIV/AIDS for Aruba 2003–2007 to include provisions for migrants with HIV/AIDS and create formal mechanisms for migrants, regardless of status, to received proper treatment.
Aruba removed curfews, yet reinforced area bans from 12.00a.m. 5.00am in public. COVID 19 testing, quarantine and insurance requirements were removed for travelers from Bonaire and Curaçao, as the government opened COVID 19 testing one day for unregistered refugees and migrants having referrals from the Red Cross.
Aruba is struggling to shelter thousands of asylum seekers from Venezuela, fleeing their country to escape poverty and political chaos. The island, which forms part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, already received more asylum applications than it can handle, ANP reports.
Cash based interventions reached 1,651 vulnerable individuals in Aruba, the Dominican Republic and Trinidad and Tobago since the beginning of the year. In July, in collaboration with the Region based Environmental Health Department of Guyana, 1,106 Venezuelans  ( including 442 children )  were reached through community participation WASH interventions in six communities in the border area of Region 1
According to the UNHCR, there were 78 Venezuelans in Aruba on 30 April 2018. Estimates on the number of Venezuelan migrants residing irregularly in Curaçao and Aruba vary. . On 19 February 2019, the Red Cross estimated the number of Venezuelans in Curaçao to be 216,000 for Aruba.5 Most Venezuelans enter the country legally as a tourist, but they do not leave once the free period for their stay has expired.
The Aruban welfare system is a residual welfare system  ( subsidiariteitsbeginsel ) , that is based on the principle that the family, the religious and philanthropic communities and the private sector are the ones first called to meet the needs of the needy; the government comes into play  ( temporarily )  only after the afore mentioned break down.
"Lo que respetuosamente le propuse a los Gobiernos de ambas islas es que inicien un proceso de regularización para los venezolanos", manifestó Smolansky. "Con esa regularización  añadió , los migrantes y refugiados en primer lugar tienen garantizada la protección y pueden obtener documentación. Y si tienen documentación, se pueden integrar y acceder a servicios como educación, salud y, lo más importante, integrarse en los mercados laborales".
El coordinador de la Organización de los Estados Americanos para la crisis de migrantes y refugiados venezolanos, David Smolansky, también pudo conocer testimonios de venezolanos que llegaron a la isla de Aruba navegando en un peñero durante 48 horas.
Caracas. El coordinador de la Organización de los Estados Americanos  ( OEA )  para la crisis de migrantes y refugiados venezolanos, David Smolansky, señaló que “al menos 10.000 venezolanos no están regularizados en Aruba'. Smolansky recomendó al gobierno de Aruba iniciar un proceso de registro para que los migrantes puedan acceder a empleos, servicios de salud, educación y realizar gestiones bancarias.
Llegan en peñeros Smolansky también pudo conocer testimonios de venezolanos que llegaron a la isla navegando en un peñero durante 48 horas. A Aruba han llegado 16.000 venezolanos, lo que equivale al 15 % de la población de ese país. Según la Acnur, en 2018 unos 398 venezolanos solicitaron asilo en la isla. El 7 de junio una lancha que zarpó desde la playa Aguide en el municipio Acosta en Falcón, desapareció con aproximadamente 35 personas a bordo.
Entre abril y mayo las embarcaciones Jhonnalys José y Ana María zarparon desde Güiria, en Sucre, hacia Trinidad y Tobago. Uno de los botes naufragó, del otro no hay noticias aún, las personas que iban a bordo de ambas embarcaciones todavía se encuentran desaparecidas. “Importante recordar que la isla de Aruba forma parte del Reino de los Países Bajos  ( Holanda )  y, en ese sentido, vemos una oportunidad de involucrar aún más a la Unión Europea para la protección e integración de migrantes y refugiados venezolanos', concluyó. Desde 2015, según datos de Acnur, más de 4.000.000 de venezolanos han salido del país en medio de la emergencia humanitaria compleja.
By November 30, Aruba had a total of 4,845 COVID 19 cases, 108 active cases and 45 deaths.
Aruba dio a conocer este jueves que solicitará una visa temporal a los venezolanos que quieran ingresar a ese territorio, informó en un comunicado la primera ministra de ese país Evelyn Wever Croes.
Las autoridades isleñas ordenaron una investigación y una suspensión provisional de esos agentes de policía. Holanda también exigió una rápida investigación diciendo que no permitirá violaciones a los DDHH en su país.
"El primer flujo migratorio de la gente más preparada lo han recibido los países vecinos, muy en especial, Colombia, Panamá, Miami, y Nueva York y Texas en EE. UU. A nosotros nos ha tocado la segunda fase: estamos ante gente desesperada –no necesariamente no preparada  que pide ayuda a gritos. Y hasta ahora los hemos acogido, pero estamos llegando a un punto en que no podemos más', apunta.
Sectors of intervention include case management, livelihoods, protection, legal assistance, cash based assistance, health care and others.
In Aruba persons were obliged to test upon arrival at the airport. Aruban restaurants provided in house dining for 10 persons maximum, yet bars not serving food remained closed. Covid outbreaks impacted schools with boards evaluating temporary closures.
Restrictions to stay in regular status remained linked to work availability, but jobs continued to be prioritized for Arubans.
In Aruba and Curaçao, R4V participatory assessments were conducted during February and March, prior to the implementation of the stay at home measures, prompted by the Covid 19 pandemic.
From this rapidly increasing figure, an estimated 17,000 settled in Aruba,
In 2019, the island of Aruba hosted the world's largest number of Venezuelans displaced abroad relative to its population  ( 1 in 6 )
in Aruba, most Venezuelans work in the informal sector and are concerned about unpredictability of income and the lack of possibilities for family reunification.
In Aruba and Curaçao, children have access to primary and secondary schools but are required to provide mandatory school insurance, and in the case of Aruba, a “local guarantor'
In Aruba and Curacao, schools re opened on a shiF system basis, observing hygiene protocols
In Aruba, an “area ban' was introduced for beaches and other public spaces.
Economic sectors continued operating at reduced capacity, contributing to continued job loss, leaving many Venezuelans with reduced access to basic needs and resulting in dramatic surges in requests for cash assistance, food, shelter security and hygiene items.
R4V partners in Aruba observed some of the impacts of the COVID 19 pandemic on the economy, reporting some instances of host community and Venezuelans begging on the streets and in need of financial support for rent and utilities.
Individuals not registered with the Red Cross were unable to access food evouchers.
Aruba and Curaçao resumed face to face classes for all grade levels at schools on a shiŌ basis, while remote classes continued in the other countries. Some Venezuelan parents were unable to pay registration fees, for uniforms or insurance.
Job loss owing to COVID 19 and subsequent loss of guarantors accounted for reduced applications for residence status, as the Government of Aruba recorded only half the number of applications compared to 2019. This translated to lost healthcare for previously registered Venezuelans.
Anumber of Venezuelans were unable to secure uniform, registration and insurance for their children's return to school and one partner disclosed having insufficient funds for CBI distributions and shelter assistance.
A survey "Sentiment on Immigration" was circulated among the Aruban population by an unknown petitioner, but the use of the term "illegal migrants" led to negative responses, skewing the results.
Foreign Affairs Dutch Minister Stef Blok, visited Aruba, Curaçao and St. Martin, and evaluated the introduction of a visa system for Venezuelans entering these territories. As food insecurity continued, particularly among this population, 495 Venezuelans remained on a waiting list for humanitarian flights to Falcon State in Venezuela.
Consequently, Aruba signed a country package with the Netherlands that included aid with liquidity to restart the economy while the AZV1 received 2,777,826.00 USD less in their budget, impacting healthcare on the island, as stakeholders remained unwilling for Venezuelans to access healthcare, even as psychological health issues continued to rise
For 2020, partners noted the need to continue current activities; enhance existing referral pathways; devise joint advocacy strategies and campaigns; engage in advocacy with the government to protect and promote human rights; support NGO projects; provide more efficient and effective services; and ensure accountability to persons of concern. They also noted the need to ensure complementarity of assistance.
140 Venezuelans leŌ Aruba on a fiŌh repatriation flight of 23 December. Resulting from the pandemic, approximately 6,000 refugees and migrants  ( to date ) 1 of various nationalities, including Venezuelans lost their jobs and subsequently their guarantors, placing them at the risk of becoming irregular
In Aruba, following reports of an increase in the number of children awaiting the opening of additional Dutch language support classes  ( called “Prisma' classes )  partners advocated for access to education for refugee and migrant children with the Department of Public Schools and the Director of the Catholic School System  ( SKOA ) . In this framework, an Education working group was established under the R4V National Platform to ensure that Venezuelan children and youth have access to education, diploma validation and certification of their studies at the end of their schooling.
legal status is the main root cause of protection concerns for Venezuelans; as it causes ripple effects on all aspects of refugee and migrants' daily lives and prevents them from accessing rights such as access to national health systems or justice. Moreover, it is an obstacle towards durable integration. According to the reports,1 Venezuelans in Aruba and Curaçao are exposed to risks of exploitation, abuse and rights violations.
This situation left refugees and migrants with heightened health and protection risks such as evictions and exposure to exploitation and violence, including gender based violence  ( GBV ) . Mental distress caused by isolation, restrictions of movements and socioeconomic difficulties were also noted to be on the rise.
In Aruba and Curaçao instead, there was a decrease in the number of communications received through hotlines and emails. Calls related to asylum application, certificate renewal and resettlement decreased in during the months of April and June2, as it was the first Covid 19 wave period. However, noteworthy was that there was an increased number of calls to another partner's helpline with requests for emergency support such as food and cash assistance. Throughout the period, refugees and migrants have shown a clear preference for the helpline against the mailbox
A mission of the Coordinator for the “Working Group on the Crisis of Venezuelan Migrants and Refugees' of the Organisation of American States  ( OAS )  took place in Aruba and Curaçao in June 2019. OAS recommended that both Aruba and Curaçao grant legal status to Venezuelans and ensure their access to employment, health care and education, and recommended the implementation of anti xenophobia campaigns.
Partners also provided food assistance to 186 vulnerable Venezuelan refugees and migrants in Aruba and the Dominican Republic.
In Aruba, 72 PSN have accessed appropriate services, including children at risk and people with disabilities.
According to the Dutch Red Cross, the asylum seekers are facing harrowing circumstances on the islands and aid needs to be scaled up as soon as possible. There is an urgent need for food, medicine and shelter.
Venezuela is reopening its borders with Brazil and Aruba while keeping the more frequently traversed Colombia border closed.
 The unemployment rate increased steadily from 0.6% in the year 1991 to 10.6% in the year 2010. A downward trend was observed in this regard in the latter part of the period under review. The unemployment rate for the year 2014 was established at 7.5%
In June, 2019 the Government of Aruba announced that it will extend the closure of the border with Venezuela for an additional three months and until an electronic “Advanced Passenger Information System' to screen Venezuelans prior to arrival in Aruba is put in place. In Trinidad and Tobago, the official port of entry of Cedros Security Complex, from where ferries from Venezuela were disembarking, remains closed to Venezuelans, even for those with documentation to enter.
In 2009, the majority  ( 57% )  of respondents surveyed claimed that  ( their )  protection against crime is not achieved. About half the adult respondents  ( 44.5% )  expected to become a victim of burglary or break in at home and circa one third  ( 31% )  expected to attacked and robbed within one year of the survey.
El pasado 29 de agosto, Eduardo Stein, representante especial conjunto de Acnur y la OIM para los refugiados y migrantes venezolanos en la región, anunció que ya son 4,3 millones los venezolanos que han salido de su país por la crisis económica, política, y social que vive la nación sudamericana y que esto, “crece a diario'.
In the area of food and nutrition, partners in the Caribbean  ( Guyana, Aruba, Curacao and Trinidad and Tobago )  reached approximately 1,300 refugees and migrants from Venezuela with basic food and/or water. T
in Aruba, in May, the Minister of Justice announced that according to newly modified asylum procedures, asylum applications from Venezuelans arriving from a third country will no longer be accepted
El hecho ocurrió el pasado viernes en las instalaciones del aeropuerto se encontraban un grupo de al menos seis venezolanos que iban a ser deportados junto a otro grupo que regresarían al país.
Wever Croes estimó que el tiempo de gestión de visa para ingresar enArubaes de aproximadamente seis meses.
La policía de Aruba excedió el uso de la fuerza contra un grupo de venezolanos que iban a ser deportados de la isla a Venezuela en pleno Aeropuerto Internacional Reina Beatrix.
De acuerdo con información dearubanative.comla espera por el vuelo se extendió, además que la aerolínea se negó a dar alimento y bebida a las personas que esperaban.
Funcionarios policiales hicieron presencia en el recinto para intentar “poner orden', pero las cámaras del aeropuerto grabaron que los efectivos emplearon el uso excesivo de fuerza bruta contra los venezolanos.
Aruba, país autónomo que forma parte de los Países Bajos, en este momento registra 16.000 venezolanos.
Nuestro mercado laboral también es muy limitado", sigue el político caribeño. «Siempre hemos acogido a la comunidad latina –de Colombia, de Perú, de Santo Domingo. En el ramo de la construcción y la hotelería había cupo. Hoy, todos esos puestos están copados por venezolanos", agrega.
Several countries in the Caribbean are hosting increasing numbers of Venezuelan refugees and migrants, and considering the small size and limited absorption capacity of the concerned countries, the new influx could have a disproportionate impact in Aruba and Curacao. Aruba and Curacao are small, autonomous constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Netherlands located within 26 km of the Venezuelan coast in the Caribbean.
UNHCR is present on the island and provides technical assistance to the Government of Aruba as well as supporting the humanitarian response, primarily through its partner HIAS  ( including cash assistance, community based protection, and case management and referral )  and in association with local civil society organizations which, although engaged with the response, have limited experience and capacity.
The European Convention on Human Rights is applicable to both Aruba and Curacao, through which protection under Article 3 is nominally available. Aruba is in the process of assuming full responsibility for refugee status determination  ( RSD ) , including persons of concern previously registered with UNHCR under its Mandate. However, the Government of Aruba asylum system is not yet based on legislation and has undergone many changes and developments, remaining also with a substantial backlog which will only continue to amass as rejected cases begin filing appeals in the local courts.
No obstante, en una isla de 180 kilómetros cuadrados, con una población de 120.000 habitantes, "esta inmigración pone una presión muy grande sobre Aruba', sigue Besaril.
¿Problemas? "Sí. En la construcción de viviendas, por ejemplo. Somos una isla, estamos rodeados de agua, no podemos sacar más terrenos. Tenemos un solo centro médico, no podemos asegurar el cuidado médico de más población', responde Besaril.
En esta isla neerlandófona, a sólo 25 kilómetros de la costa occidental venezolana, el flujo masivo comenzó hace tres años. Entretanto, son el 13% de la población.
Partners also suggested to set up a more effective legal assistance, protection monitoring and interface with government systems.
Meanwhile in Aruba, in May, the Minister of Justice announced that according to newly modified asylum procedures, asylum applications from Venezuelans arriving from a third country will no longer be accepted.
Partners identified various objectives for the platform, including increasing cooperation and sharing of experiences and expertise among partners in order to assist in a more effective implementation of activities, and facilitating communication with persons of concern, including about availability and access to services.
Priorities identified for the Platform in 2019 include interventions to ensure protection of refugees and migrants in Aruba, including those in detention centers3; monitor the legal status of persons of concern and cases of domestic violence and labor exploitation; monitor cases of Venezuelan newborns to reduce the risk of statelessness; provide legal assistance to Venezuelans that are at risk of falling into an irregular migratory status; provide health and psychosocial care to refugees and migrants; increase communication with other key organizations; and develop courses for refugees and migrants.
Por ser miembro de los Países Bajos, Aruba ha tenido otras fuentes de asistencia, tanto técnica como de seguridad. No obstante, la situación para la isla puede volverse insostenible. La imposición de visados  para controlar si quien entra como turista no se queda en el país  es una de la medidas que se tendrían que tomar pronto. «Necesitamos más asistencia", reclama Besaril.
La medida se debe ante la creciente migración de venezolanos que huyen de la crisis en el país. Esta normano aplica para los ciudadanos que cuenten con la visa americana, de Canadá, Reino Unido e Irlanda.
Aruba no es el país que más inmigrantes venezolanos acoge. Pero entretanto este colectivo es el 13% de su población. La presión sobre la pequeña isla es tan grande como urgente el pedido que llega hasta Europa.
Bruselas acogió esta semana a 120 delegaciones internacionales en una conferencia de solidaridad con los refugiados y migrantes venezolanos. Aunque no era una conferencia de donantes, un apoyo de 120 millones de euros fue uno de los resultados. Otro fue la promesa de la creación de un Grupo internacional de Amigos del Proceso de Quito y la organización de una pronta conferencia de donantes.
Pero por qué no hablamos de mi país, Aruba, de Santo Domingo y las otras islas?", se pregunta Guillfred Besaril, ministro plenipotenciario ante el Reino de los Países Bajos. Aruba, país autónomo que forma parte de los Países Bajos, en este momento registra 16.000 venezolanos.
En esta isla neerlandófona, a sólo 25 kilómetros de la costa occidental venezolana, el flujo masivo comenzó hace tres años. Entretanto, son el 13% de la población. «Hasta hora hemos podido absorber el flujo. Pero si no hacemos algo, dentro de un año vamos a estar en serios problemas", subraya.
En la coordinación regional se tiene en cuenta la desproporción en las capacidades de los países de acogida? «El ‘Proceso de Quito' tiene una mirada holística del proceso de desplazamiento venezolano", responde a DW Osmar Alza, director de Asuntos Internacionales de la Dirección Nacional de Migraciones de Argentina.
No obstante, aunque estén mejor preparados para enfrentar la crisis migratoria, Alza subraya la necesidad de aumentar la ayuda y la cooperación internacional. «La crisis es muy grande", dice Alza. «La relocalización de los refugiados es una de las tantas opciones que vemos como posible salida", comenta Besaril. «Pero para eso y para muchas cosas necesitamos ayuda internacional. Estamos a punto de apretar el botón rojo", concluye.
Since the beginning of the year, 2,398 vulnerable Venezuelans in Trinidad and Tobago, and 348 in Aruba have received cash based assistance to meet a variety of their needs, including access to food, water, healthcare and shelter.
Entre mayo y junio, las autoridades venezolanas reabrieron la frontera con Brasil y Colombia, pero el tránsito aéreo y marítimo con Aruba, Curazao y Bonaire sigue cerrado. El gobierno de Aruba ha ido extendiendo el cierre fronterizo mientras ha continuado evaluando la situación.
In Aruba and Trinidad and Tobago, on the other hand, training has been provided for the outreach and counseling of persons in need of assistance. In Aruba, a mapping of 22 civil society organizations and a referral system for GBV survivors were developed.
In the Caribbean, particularly Aruba and Curacao, the Fifth Periodic Review on the Netherlands for the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights  ( ICCPR )  recognized the challenges posed by Venezuelans seeking international protection and expressed concern for the lack of legal frameworks governing asylum and the conditions of detention, to which it recommended the introduction of appropriate legislation, in line with international human rights and refugee laws, while establishing or strengthening their asylum procedures.
Following the announcement of the Dutch Government to provide EUR 23.8 million to Aruba and Curaçao to support the response to the Venezuela crisis, the Aruban Prime Minister announced that Aruba requested that EUR 3 million be dedicated to strengthening the national asylum authority  ( DIMAS ) , the Immigration authority  ( IASA ) , and the Coast Guard  ( Guarda Nos Costa ) , ensuring the implementation of immigration procedures and restructuring of detention facilities in compliance with international human rights standards. An additional EUR 2.5 million should be allocated to support education, health services and the Aruban Police Force  ( KPA ) .
To ensure that child protection cases, elderly persons, survivors of gender based violence  ( GBV )  and others have access to specialised services, partners in Aruba worked with government authorities and communities to establish safe identification and referral mechanisms for persons with specific needs  ( PSN ) , LGBTI and survivors of GBV. With a view to ensure that vulnerable Venezuelans can access these services regardless of where they reside on the island, and following an assessment mission, partners also expanded reception capacities and counselling services to Southern Aruba in July. Mechanisms have also been established for the identification and referral of persons in need of assistance in the Dominican Republic. In particular, community outreach volunteers in five selected provinces have been trained to identify and refer persons of concern on a continuous basis.
Engagement on education remained prominent in the Caribbean sub region. In Aruba, access to education is in principle guaranteed to all children regardless of migratory status, however, in practice, access may be hindered by administrative and language requirements. During the month of July, partners engaged with the Ministry of Education, SKOA Catholic School Administrators as well as a Natal clinic in order to discuss access to schools of Venezuelan children and to understand obstacles in enrolment on the island and how R4V partners can provide support.
In less than two months Aruba received over 200 asylum applications from Venezuelans. According to Prime Minister Evelyn Wever Croes, the island has too few officials to process all the requests. She also estimates that there are thousands of undocumented Venezuelans on the islands. "We can not take much more", she said.
Smolansky explicó hoy a Efe el resultado de la visita que efectuó en nombre de la Secretaría General de la Organización de Estados Americanos  ( OEA )  a las islas de Curazao y Aruba, dos territorios autónomos de los Países Bajos situados en el mar Caribe y donde viven 26.000 y 16.000 venezolanos, respectivamente.
Según sus datos, de los 26.000 venezolanos que viven en Curazao, 21.000 están en situación irregular; mientras que de los 16.000 que están en Aruba, 11.000 no tienen papeles.
"Los migrantes que llegan a estas islas vienen de sectores rurales, muy pobres, algunos pueden presentar incluso síntomas de desnutrición. Ha habido personas que han llegado con malaria y sarampión, mujeres que incluso llegan a esas islas para dar a luz", explicó el venezolano.
La mayor parte de los venezolanos que huyen a Curazao y Aruba viajan en pequeñas embarcaciones, que en ocasiones van muy llenas y naufragan en el mar.
61 OFFICIAL DEATH COUNT
We could not have done this without the tremendous outpouring of support from so many international agencies, countries, etcetera. And yet, we realize that at some point, we are going to have to shoulder a lot of this load ourselves. So that message, I think, which has to be carefully nuanced, and it's a recognition of the gratitude that we wish people to feel. But our acknowledgement is that, at some point, we've got to get up and shoulder a lot more of this load ourselves.
In 2012, the gross domestic product  ( GDP )  was US$8 149 million and agriculture accounted for 2 percent of GDP. In 2013, total population economically active in agriculture is estimated at 4 000 inhabitants  ( 2 percent of economically active population ) , all male
Haitians grew from less than 4 percent of the population in 1970 to nearly 12 percent in 2010, according to the government. Some researchers say the number is probably larger. Thousands are estimated to be here illegally, and thousands more are stateless: They were born here but don't have citizenship. The Bahamas does not grant birthright citizenship to the children of noncitizens.
• We are increasing MHPSS capacity and coverage by cross training volunteers, especially those with prior mental health training. • Three handwashing facilities have been installed at our High Rock Clinic.
The Bahamas, an archipelago in the Caribbean region, is vulnerable to storms and floods during the annual hurricane season from June to November, frequently impacting on its people.
“South Abaco really only requires about two megawatts of power, which is insufficient to fire up the Wilson City generators. BPL, therefore, brought in a two megawatts generator from Exuma to service South Abaco. After working for a short period that generator experienced challenges, which impacted the ability to generate power in South Abaco. “BPL was able to move another generator to the island. Work in the South was completed and power was restored on September 29th, 2019.'
He gave the update Thursday afternoon during his contribution to debate on the Disaster Preparedness and Response Amendment Bill 2019. He said: “BPL has three generating facilities in the Abacos. Wilson City has four engines that generate 12 megawatts each, for a total of 48mw of power. Normally this is twice the amount of power that Abaco needs. This facility suffered only minor damage in the hurricane. “There is an additional facility in Marsh Harbour, which is ordinarily capable of generating 8mw of power. This facility suffered extensive damage during Dorian. Additionally, BPL lost in excess of 3,000 poles.
Dr. Sands: Well, there are a few things that we're really concerned about. One is the psychological stress, the risk of anxiety, depression, post traumatic stress, that's the major concern. The second thing is obviously any waterborne or vector borne illnesses that can crop up over time. And then finally, the other big concern is the consequence or complication of unmet chronic care needs. So what we find is that, you know, people are worried about rebuilding their houses and dealing with their losses. And the management of high blood pressure, diabetes, pregnancy, etcetera is a secondary issue. So, we've got to be very aggressive in terms of making people understand that, you know, yes, you've had a major blow, but you still need to take care of yourself.
Today, for instance, I would have gotten a specific report or specific question about whether or not we were seeing any respiratory ailments due to mold exposure. So the response from my epidemiologic team was that  ( in Grand Bahama ) … we have no evidence of an increase in fever or respiratory cases or influenza like illnesses. Now, that's hard data that they are getting. What it is suggesting is that even though we are in tents, even though we are in field hospitals, the reporting mechanism is still working. So it is very reassuring to know that the rudiments of public health are still functioning even in makeshift infrastructure.
Dr. Sands: Right now, we have a massive challenge with the restoration of elective care, elective surgical care, for instance, particularly in Grand Bahama. So, given the interruption of services at the RAND Memorial Hospital, we can perform emergency procedures at Samaritan's Purse, but there are a number of elective things that have had to be postponed. Something as simple as dialysis access, maintaining, taking care of arterial venous fistula and grafts and putting in catheters and dealing with gynecologic issues and cancer diagnoses and so on and so forth.
The main priority of the government of the Bahamas remains to finalize the full recovery of BTC and Aliv. Both MNOs have made rapid progress on fully restoring their services. Both operators continue to run a roaming system in Abaco and Grand Bahama to ensure users can utilize either network until fully recovered.
While Bahamian authorities had initially said immigration enforcement activities would be suspended in the affected islands, this position was publicly reversed at the end of September, when they announced that all migrants without valid documents would be apprehended and deported. This has led to panic among Haitians affected by Hurricane Dorian, and reports are emerging of people leaving temporary shelters for fear of arrest, and of people failing to avail themselves of necessary humanitarian services or going into hiding.
In 2013, the total population was about 377 000 inhabitants, of which around 15 percent was rural  ( Table 1 ) . Population density is 27 inhabitants/km2. The average annual population growth rate in the 2003 2013 period has been estimated at 2 percent.
Dr. Duane Sands: I think the situation from a public health standpoint is stable, but guardedly so. I think nobody is under any illusions. We are managing, but we have acknowledged that things can go sour, or can turn, without absolute vigilance. So notwithstanding the massive blow, I think that we have, with the assistance of a number of international partners, managed to cobble together a pretty workable health system in both Abaco and Grand Bahama and it is holding. It is actually holding well, and the perception on the ground is that things are okay and the surveillance data that we continue to get doesn't show any worrisome themes or trends.
The Mudd was built by thousands of Haitian immigrants over decades in Marsh Harbour on Abaco. But it was wiped out in hours, its flimsy wooden structures standing little chance against the wrath of Dorian. Americanemergency workers have found five bodiesin the debris and expect more to come. Others fled and are unaccounted for. Some have evacuated by boat to Nassau. Some sought refuge in places such as the pink walled New Haitian Mission Baptist church. At one point 210 Haitians gathered on its bare concrete floor, without electricity or running water. Now there are 45, including two children.
Total municipal water withdrawal is estimated at 31 million m3in 2013  ( Table 4 ) . Tourism needs a large quantity of water, since it brings in about 4 million visitors a year.
Dr. Sands: Right now, we have a massive challenge with the restoration of elective care, elective surgical care, for instance, particularly in Grand Bahama. So, given the interruption of services at the RAND Memorial Hospital, we can perform emergency procedures at Samaritan's Purse, but there are a number of elective things that have had to be postponed. Something as simple as dialysis access, maintaining, taking care of arterial venous fistula and grafts and putting in catheters and dealing with gynecologic issues and cancer diagnoses and so on and so forth. A lot of these things have been put on hold and I think we are getting to a mounting challenge that is going to have to be deliberately addressed by some strategic intervention. But it's getting increasingly more difficult to tell people, “Hey, look, you gotta wait.' And the option of transfer to New Providence, while it's always a last resort, is not exactly a good solution because of the overcrowding in New Providence. So we've got to find, fairly urgently, a solution to the problem of the types of diagnoses and interventions that have been put on hold as a result of Dorian.
Altogether, the relief supplies provided by USAID will help an estimated 54,000 people impacted by the hurricane. Our DART on the ground is coordinating with the Bahamas'sNational Emergency Management Agencyto distribute the relief items to people who need them. The U.S. Government has provided nearly $34 million in humanitarian assistance to help people affected by Hurricane Dorian in the Bahamas. This includes funding to theBahamas Red Crossto provide household items to people who have lost everything.
After conducting assessments of damaged areas, the DART identified shelter, water, sanitation, and hygiene as critical priorities. In total, USAID transported 53 metric tons of critical relief supplies from its emergency warehouse in Miami to The Bahamas, including: 700 rolls of heavy duty plastic sheeting to meet urgent shelter needs 4,400 buckets and water containers to provide safe drinking water 1,600 hygiene kits to help prevent the spread of disease 4 10,000 liter water bladders 4 kits to help remove debris, including chainsaws, axes, and other tools
Health workers at the Rand Memorial Hospital have noted a number of concerns they face in the coming weeks and months, including immediate needs for: • community mobilization to address key health and hygiene challenges at damaged health facilities and their catchment communities; Hurricane Dorian Situation Report #12 September 30, 2019 • mental health and psychosocial support  ( MHPSS ) , given an anticipated rise in need from the wider population as • the shock of the destruction begins to fade, and many have lost homes and loved ones; and restoration of water, sanitation and hygiene services health facilities  ( for example, the 8 Mile Rock clinic has a reservoir but cannot get the water into the facility ) .
A lack of safe water for drinking for domestic use combined with a general deterioration in sanitary conditions from floodwater and potential sewage contamination pose a risk of waterborne and vector borne disease transmission. Groups such as pregnant and lactating women, children and the elderly are particularly vulnerable to these diseases.
In the Bahamas, participation rates in the labour market for females aged 25‐44 years and 45‐64 years were 89.2% and 77.3% respectively. Only one in four women with less than high school education participated in paid work. This rises to almost 81.0% of women with at least some high school education.
The Bahamas, officially the Commonwealth of The Bahamas, comprises about 700 islands and cays, in the North Atlantic Ocean, that extend from 80 km east of Florida  ( United States of America )  southeasterly to 80 km northeast of Cuba and Haiti. The total area of the country is 13 880 km2.
Many legislative acts and regulations exist related to water resources. The central acts that contribute to the legal framework of the water and sanitation sector include: Current legislation, however, does not fully protect the groundwater resources from over abstraction and pollution, and is not adequate in achieving proper sewage treatment standards  ( USACE, 2004 ) .
disaggregated figures based on the projections from the World Population Prospects 7can be used for the directly affected population: • 40,238 women and girls  ( 51.4% )  and 38,047 men and boys  ( 48.6% )  • WASH 21,407 women and girls require support with menstruation  ( number of women and girls of Reproductive Age )  • SRHR 3,131 women and adolescent girls will be pregnant  ( 4% )  while 470 will face life  threatening complications in pregnancy • GBV 40,238 women and girls are at risk of gender based violence
Poverty and female headed households: Levels of poverty are higher among female‐headed households  ( 9.7% )  than among male‐headed ones  ( 7.9% )  although there are more male headed poor households overall as there are more households headed by men. Poverty rates are higher among women  ( 9.7% vs 7.9% of population respectively ) .
Undocumented migrant populations may be among the most vulnerable affected people. Satellite data suggests that in Central Abaco, destruction is centred in the area surrounding Marsh Harbour, particularly The Pea and The Mudd, which are mostly inhabited by undocumented migrant populations living in poor accommodation  ( “shanty towns' ) .
There are reports of historical discrimination against Haitians, many of whom suffer from poverty, limited education and who may be subject to abuse including related to religious practices. Haitian people living on Family Islands are more likely to be living in poverty than those with Bahamian nationality. The incidence of poverty is three times higher than the national rate for households headed by a Haitian migrant  ( 27.9% ) 41 . Among Haitians, 38.6% were classified as ‘poor' in contrast to 10.7% of Bahamians. The majority of immigrants are women  ( 59.9% on the family islands )  which should be considered to ensure appropriate assistance.
Community based organisations working on equality who are based in The Bahamas report sex stereotyping and norms in which women are expected to be submissive. Described examples of this include 7 World Population Prospect: demographic projections for 2020 for The Bahamas. 8 UNFPA Response in the Bahamas, Situation Report #2, 7 September 2019 9 Bahamas Household Expenditure Report, 2013. Ministry of Finance, Bahamas, p.27 10 Bahamas: Hurricane Dorian Situation Report No.02 As of 10 September 2019, OCHA 11 PDC Hurricane Dorian Shelter Status, Nassau, 8 September 2019 12 Desperation mounts  [ sic ]  Bahamas as shelters turn survivors away, Al Jazeera, 10 September 2019 13 Hurricanes like Irma increase risk for sexual assault, Newsweek, 09/10/2017 https://www.newsweek.com/hurricane irma shelters sexual assault violence shelters 662558 3 an expectation that women should submit to husbands and that men should control resources and decision  making, creating an environment where women will find it difficult to report abuse.
Furthermore, gender based violence is recognised by Bahamian authorities as a serious problem.
As was seen in Hurricane Katrina in the south eastern U.S. in 2005, sexual assault and other forms of GBV can occur in overcrowded community shelters.
As centres overflow, families and individuals have not been unable to access them, creating additional protection risks for people turned away.
Around 4800 people were evacuated from Abaco, mostly from the Marsh Harbour area which housed a significant migrant population, mainly from the Haitian community, who were living with significant levels of poverty.
Loss of shelter and privacy, possessions and limited access to safe water will compromise women and girls' ability to manage menstruation hygienically and with dignity.
According to the Ministry of Finance, 12.3% of the population in the Bahamas are non Bahamian, with the majority of those Haitian  ( 7.5% ) .
“It's like a ghost town. My major concern is how are all those people going to be relocated? Some who have insurance, it's easy for them to get back, but those who don't, what is going to happen to them? What is the plan for them?
Bahamians have experience with cash and voucher assistance through social safety net schemes and in disaster relief.