nlp-thedeep/humsetbias huggingface dataset:
o Four  ( 4 )  new cases reported from 19th to 21st August, 2019 from the 3 LGAs  ( Yola North, Yola South and Girei )  bringing total case count for all four LGAs  ( including Song )  to 665. o No new death reported within the reporting period  ( CFR=0.60 % ) . o No new ward affected. Total number of wards which reported at least one suspected case stands at 18. o NRC has arrived the State to support scale up in WASH activities in the affected communities
There are 1.9 million internally displaced persons  ( IDPs )  reported to be in Nigeria  ( IOM/DTM Round 26 ) , of which the majority are in Borno, Adamawa and Yobe States. As per the June 2019 Cadre Harmonisé  ( CH )  report, the number of people in need of food assistance in Borno, Adamawa and Yobe States, is around 3 million  (  June to August 2019: Level 3 4 ) , showing a deterioration of the food security situation with 1.7m in Borno, 945,000 in Yobe and 278,000 in Adamawa attributable to conflict, displacement and influx of new arrivals.
Access to farmland has become a challenge in achieving the targets for rainy season crop production due to the increase in security incidents and the restrictions imposed by the military on planting June tall crops like maize, millet, sorghum. • Deterioration of the security situation along the main supply routes and remote countryside areas could become a threat in the implementation of future deep field activities. In July, WFP was unable to reach over 33,000 people in Borno State with much needed food assistance due to security challenges and lack of access.
Nigeria has a kidnapping crisis. Although the country's Vice President, Prof. Yemi Osibanjo, in June 2019 down played this menace by asserting kidnapping cases are exaggerated. However, daily news reports are awash with incidents of ransom kidnap. Yesterday, a judge of the Court of Appeal waskidnappedin Edo state. There is also an ongoing kidnapping trend in Anambra state, with some missing children in other parts of the country are being found in Anambra. Yesterday in Onitsha, two children who went missing in Gombe state were rescued by members of the Nigerian police in Anambra state. Nine children abducted in Kano state two weeks ago were also recovered in the state.
In Kano state circumstantial accounts hold that an Igbo kidnapping syndicate are abducting young Muslims from the North, and are taking them to the southern parts of the country where they are converted to Christianity and sold into slavery. Parents of missing children in Kano have called on the government to facilitate the release of 47 children allegedly held by the syndicate. In a related trend, within the last two years, eight children have been abducted in Ogun state with police investigations signalling Anambra state. Currently, four out of the eight children have been rescued in the state.
Limited coverage of the camps across the three states. • Additional shelter response needed for 8,676 HHs across the states. • NFI kits needed for 8,740 HHs across the three states. • Additional sandbags and water pumps across the three states. • Decongestion and/or relocation of the HHs hosted in schools and support HHs living in makeshift shelter within the school premises
Alongside ransom kidnap, there is a growing trend of human trafficking, particularly children. Almost all the cases of child theft so far have been about selling them off to, sometimes, unsuspecting couples looking to adopt children. Although cases of kidnapping are underreported as must kidnappers warn relatives of their victims against involving security agents,Council on Foreign Relations says Nigeria kidnapping crisis is expanding. The target population have shifted from the rich to virtually all Nigerians; as evidenced by indiscriminate kidnaps nationwide.
An estimated 10,490 emergency and makeshift shelters have been partially damaged or destroyed, while some others were inundated in some IDP camps and host communities mainly in Borno State. Water facilities have been damaged while about 550 latrines and bathing facilities were blown off due to heavy winds. • The risk of further heavy rainfall and floods remains high across the BAY states until the end of September, particularly in the seven Local Government Areas  ( LGAs )  of Maiduguri, Monguno, Jere, Gwoza and Dikwa in Borno State, and Yola South and Yola North in Adamawa State where 10,790 HHs are already affected representing 51% of the total affected so far.
Transportation  ( e.g. using tricycles )  to/from the farmland of farm inputs and produce as well as firewood collection has become very difficult due to the flooded ground and poor road conditions. Damage to shelters due to the flood is preventing families from properly storing food items at the household level. Partners are experiencing similar challenges to preposition food in large quantities.
Nigeria continues to report sporadic cases of monkeypox after the index case was reported two years ago  ( September, 2017 )  • In the reporting month  ( September 2019 ) , 15 new suspected monkeypox cases were reported from five States   Lagos  ( 5 ) , Rivers  ( 2 ) , Akwa Ibom  ( 3 ) , Zamfara  ( 1 ) , Delta  ( 1 ) , Imo  ( 2 )  and the Federal Capital Teritory, FCT ( 1 )  • Five of the 15 suspected cases were confirmed positive for monkeypox in three statesLagos ( 3 ) , Rivers ( 1 )  and Akwa Ibom ( 1 )  • Five of the suspected cases tested positive for chickenpox while others are for further further evaluation.• No death recorded in the reporting month .
A total of 81 suspected cases have been reported so far in 2019 of which 39 confirmed cases were recorded in nine states  ( Bayelsa, Lagos, Delta, Rivers,Akwa ibom, Enugu, Anambra, Cross River, and Oyo )  and one death • Of the confirmed cases, 59% are from two states, Delta  ( 28% )  and Lagos  ( 26% )  • The most affected age group is 21 40 years  ( Range: 15 51years, median age: 32 years )  • 84.6% of confirmed cases are male  ( male to female ratio = 2.6:1 )  • Since the beginning of the outbreak in September 2017, 176 confirmed cases and nine deaths have been recorded in 18 states  ( Rivers, Bayelsa, Cross River, Imo, Akwa Ibom, Lagos, Delta, Bauchi, FCT, Abia, Oyo, Enugu, Ekiti, Nasarawa, Benue, Plateau, Edo,Anambra )
There is a need to survey for the presence of explosive ordinances in new locations as well as areas where camps are being expanded. • Urgent need to restore communal and child friendly spaces  ( CFS ) . For example, the playground in Damboa is inaccessible and the CFS reception center in Bama is damaged. • Increased vulnerabilities for children in camps across Borno State  ( Bama, Maiduguri, Monguno, Ngala, Damboa, and Damasak )  especially risks posed by stagnant water including drowning. For example, 14 children were injured in IDP camps in Maiduguri and Monguno.
Lack of long lasting insecticidal nets  ( LLNIs )  in Ngala LGA  ( Borno State )  to prevent malaria transmission. • Shortage of anti malarial drugs in Ngala. • Lack of secondary health care facilities for referral in Ngala. • Flooded and/or poor road conditions are delaying the transport of supplies by local transporters and the ferrying of emergency cases. • Lack of warehouses dedicated to medical supplies in Bama, Dikwa, and Ngala is preventing prepositioning in large quantities. • Flooding in the vicinity of health facilities is limiting access to the facilities  ( e.g. in Water Board Camp, Monguno )  for the most vulnerable, disabled and healthcare staff.
Increased protection related vulnerabilities such as the enhanced risk of SGBV, physical and sexual abuse and abductions for women and children. Many are sleeping under open skies with limited access to shelters as camps have become waterlogged. This has led to congestion in drier areas within all affected camp particularly in Bama, Maiduguri, Munguno, Ngala, Damboa, and Damasak of Borno State. • About 100 HHs moved to the host community in Maiduguri from Mohammed Goni International Stadium Camp leading to congestion in the host community and enhanced vulnerabilities of the moving population.
November 14: Robbers killed one policeman and one other in Eti Osa, Lagos. November 14: Sectarian violence resulted in four deaths in Kaura, Kaduna. November 15: Kidnappers abducted a Catholic priest and one other in Ezeagu, Enugu.
The ten year long conflict in northeast Nigeria has caused a large scale humanitarian crisis across the worst affected states of Borno, Adamawa, and Yobe with 7.1 million people in need of humanitarian assistance in 2019. 1 An estimated 1.8 million people are internally displaced across the three states in the northeast; livelihoods have been lost, commercial markets and trade have been disrupted, host community resources are depleting, and large areas of Borno State remain inaccessible for humanitarian actors due to the volatile security situation.
In addition to food and livestock loss due to recent heavy rains, farmland has been affected in the local government areas of Monguno, Ngala, Pulka Kaga, Biu, Dikwa, Madagali  ( Adamawa ) , and Geidam  ( Yobe ) . FSS partners, including government stakeholders and other actors, continue to closely monitor the impact of ongoing flooding – not only on the immediate food needs, but also on agricultural activities in their respective locations – to better quantify needs, identify gaps and mobilize resources required to respond.
Conflicts expose the population to the risk of contracting diseases  [ 6 ] . Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent the outbreak of many diseases. However, it might be challenging to reach populations in conflict affected areas to provide vaccination services. Because of the limited access to vaccination services during armed conflicts, such conflicts can have devastating effects on disease outbreaks.
Nigeria has struggled with constant conflicts among its highly diverse population in terms of religion, ethnicity, and political views . One of the most notable and devastating conflicts in Nigeria in recent years is the Boko Haram insurgency. Boko Haram was created around 2002 in Borno state in northeastern Nigeria as a social movement to protest poverty . Currently, Boko Haram is known as one of the most extreme Islamist groups in sub Saharan Africa. Since beginning in 2009, the Boko Haram insurgency has killed more than 20,000 people. More than 2 million people have been displaced by the conflict.
The Boko Haram Islamist insurgency, now entrenched in the entire Lake Chad basin, has already claimed 20,000 lives. It is now increasing the displacement of people who were already uprooted by ill conceived dam projects and poverty. The drying up of Lake Chad is benefiting Boko Haram in several ways. Driven to conflict by competition for the lake's increasingly scarce waters, poor fisherfolk and pastoralists are becoming susceptible the allure of extremism. The now dry lakebed is also making it easier for the insurgents to cross borders to spread terror, recruit hard pressed youths and evade capture. Routinely raped, sexually enslaved, widowed and left to fend for large families in circumstances of displacement and destitution, women are among the most vulnerable victims of the situation.
The prevalence of armed conflicts in the three northeastern states that occurred within 10 km from the clusters where respondents resided, according to the socio demographic characteristics. Overall, 3.8% of children experienced conflict events within 10 km of their residence at the month of their birth. There is large variation in the occurrences of conflict events according to respondents' characteristics. As the educational attainment of mothers rises, so does the prevalence of conflict. Among mothers with no educational attainment, the prevalence of conflict events is 2.7%, while 15.3% of mothers with education higher than secondary school experienced conflict events.
Detailed breakdown of the migrant remittance during the 13 year period showed tremendous increase in the last three years, as it grew by 11.79 percent to $22.001 billion in 2017 from $19.679 billion in 2016, before recording another 14 percent growth in 2018 to the current figure. According to the Report, leading countries worldwide by value of remittance outflows comprise the United States of America, Germany, Russia and China.Global FDI flows fell by 19 percent in 2018. However, 2018 FDI flows to Africa increased by six percent from $38 billion to $40 billion. South Africa grew by 446 percent; Egypt by seven percent. Nigeria, on the other hand, fell by 36 percent  ( to $2.2 billion )  and was overtaken by Ghana with $3.3 billion,' PWC said in the Report.Other observable emerging threats, according to the Report, include oil production disruption warranted by attacks on oil and gas facilities by militant groups in the Niger Delta region, leadership succession post election, which could hamper policy continuity and continuous insurgency in the Northern region.
Vulnerabilities can also be found at the individual level, affecting specific groups of persons according to their specific conditions and circumstances. Across all three population groups, more than 75% of households reported having at least one vulnerable member  ( 76% of IDP, 78% of returnee and 77% of non displaced households ) . These mostly included pregnant or lactating women, who may have specific healthcare and nutritional needs, and unaccompanied or separated children.
Remittances by Nigerians living abroad provided a boost to the economy in 2018 as the total value of remittance from migrants amounted to $25 billion,  ( about N9 trillion ) , the highest diaspora inflow into the country in the last 13 years. Giving this information in a report titled: “Nigeria Economic Outlook: Top 10 Themes for 2019', the global accounting giant, PricewaterhouseCopers, PWC, noted that the amount translates to 83 percent of the federal government's budget in 2018 and 11 times the Foreign Direct Investment  ( FDI )  during the same period. The figure, they also noted, represents 6.1 percent of the country's Gross Domestic Product  ( GDP ) .Nigeria's migrant remittance inflow was also seven times larger than the net official development assistance  ( foreign aid )  of $3.359 billion received in 2017.The Report showed that remittance by Nigerians in diaspora rose steadily in the last 13 years and peaked last year in 2018 by 71.3 percent from $14.640 billion in 2005, while also outpacing FDI inflow by huge 1,036 percent.
Results show that the average daily number of individuals observed in October, at the FMPs in Nigeria, was 1,192. The data was collected from 1 – 25 October. This represents a <1 per cent decrease compared to the daily average of September 2019. In October, Nigeria, Niger, Chad, and Cameroon were the main countries of departure and intended destination for individuals passing through FMPs. In addition, the main types of flows identified were: short term local movements  ( 41% of all flows ) ; economic migration of more than six months  ( 39% of all flows ) ; seasonal migration  ( 14% of all flows ) ; and tourism  ( 6% of all flows )
• Plateau hosts 96,460 IDPs  ( 18% of total IDPs ) . This is a significant increase from the 14,521 IDPs identified in the first round  ( a six fold increase )  and the second largest IDP population after Benue. This increase in the number of identified individuals is largely due to the vast increase in coverage in the state, which grew from 14 wards  ( 2 LGAs )  assessed in Round 1 to 134 wards  ( 17 LGAs )  assessed during Round 2. This population was primarily displaced following hostilities between herdsmen and farmers as well as communal clashes between religious communities. The state's LGAs hosting the largest numbers of IDPs are Langtang North  ( 15,362 IDPs ) , Riyom  ( 14,361 IDPs )  and Wase  ( 11,552 IDPs ) .
68,966 individuals  ( 13% of total IDPs )  are currently displaced in Katsina, was the third most affected state in the two regions. Attacks and subsequent displacement, which began in December 2018, have progressively increased in intensity and frequency, generating significant displacement. Katsina state also affected by banditry, kidnapping, cattle rustling and herder attacks, during which often victims are often killed and their homes set on fire. A third of IDPs in the state  ( 20,801 )  are located in Batsari LGA, which is also the LGA hosting the thirdlargest IDPs in North West and North Central zones.
Chibok: 739 departures were recorded in Chibok LGA of Borno state. All the departures were from Gatamarwa ward of Chibok LGA heading for Anguwa Gabar in Askira East ward of Askira/Uba LGA. The departure was due to the ongoing conflict.
Konduga: 707 arrivals were recorded in Konduga LGA of Borno state. All the arrivals were from Mile 3 in Baga ward of Kukawa LGA of Borno State. The new arrivals reported to have relocated due to ongoing conflict.
Civilians continue to bear the brunt of attacks. A total of 54 incidences against civilians were committed by criminal groups, representing 32% of all incidents; these criminal activities range from kidnapping for ransom, armed robbery, cattle rustling, and killing. Likewise, nonstate armed actors  ( NSAG )  have attacked civilians 53 times, representing 31%; these attacks were in the form of armed robbery of passenger cars and commercial vehicles, carjacking, abduction and killing. Cattle rustling and stealing of crops from farmers have also been reported. Vehicle checkpoints were set up along BamaPulka, Ngala Dikwa, Monguno Gajiram  ( 4X ) , GwozaMadagali, and Pulka Gwoza Roads in which valuable items were stolen from civilians. These armed robberies represented 30% of incidents that affected civilians
2019 can largely be regarded as a rough year in Nigeria in terms of the surge of insecurity. The Nigerian state in August revealed that with about 330 attacks, bandits killed over 1400 people within seven months. According to the Nigerian Police Force, 685 people were kidnapped in the first quarter of 2019 and there were 1071 deaths caused in crime related events, with Northwest region topping the death list. While ensuring adequate measures to counter terrorism in the Northeast, it is important that adequate attention is given to rising trends of insecurities in other regions of the country.
Since the early 2010s, the jihadist armed group Boko Haram has wielded power and influence in north eastern Nigeria and parts of adjoining states in the Lake Chad basin. The group clawed its way back from a failed uprising in July 2009 against the Nigerian government that left more than 1,000 dead, including the group's founder, Mohammed Yusuf, to re emerge as a full fledged insurgency under the command of one of Yusuf's lieutenants, Abubakar Shekau, a year later.Over the next five years, and at a particularly rapid pace between 2013 and 2015, the group seized control of much of Nigeria's Borno state, and began operating in border areas of neighbouring Niger, Chad and Cameroon. The organisation plundered villages and bombed markets and churches, as well as mosques it deemed “infidel'. In April 2014 it staged the kidnapping of 276 schoolgirls in Chibok, Borno state. This mass abduction, which earned it global condemnation, was only one in a long series of violent incidents of striking brutality.
Government forces  ( GF )  operations caused eight incidents, involving restrictions on movements of vehicles and individuals in areas where search and arrest operations were conducted; these represented 5% of incidents affecting civilians. Additionally, there have been four instances of arrest of civilians by GF due to strong suspicion of being NSAG members and/or supporters, representing 2% of the total incidents.
Presence of military personnel in some IDP camps. There is continued presence of military personnel in some IDP camps such as in Monguno despite instructions from the military leadership that IDP camps are offlimits to military personnel. This is affecting the civilian character of the IDP camps and particularly frustrating efforts to address cases of sexual exploitation and abuse and prevention of potential GBV related incidents.
In the last few years, security issues have intensified in Nigeria. From periodic insurgents' onslaught and farmers herders lethal clashes to unending inter communal clashes. In addition to the recent surge in indiscriminate ransom kidnap, human trafficking, cultism, violent robberies. Nigeria's security woes seem endless. The 2019 report of the Global Terrorism Index ranks Nigeria third among 163 countries on the scale of key global security trends and patterns of terrorism. There port reveals that Nigeria accounted for 13 per cent of all terrorism related deaths globally in 2018, with a 33 per cent rise in the number of fatalities compared to 2017.
Movement restrictions by the military as a direct result of operations against NSAGs significantly affected humanitarian operations. These included restrictions on vehicle movement in Monguno and Nganzai.
 Twenty three  ( 23 )  States  ( Edo, Ondo, Bauchi, Nasarawa, Ebonyi, Plateau, Taraba, Adamawa, Gombe, Kaduna, Kwara, Benue, Rivers, Kogi, Enugu, Imo, Delta, Oyo, Kebbi, Cross River, Zamfara, Lagos and Abia )  have recorded at least one confirmed case across 86 Local Government Areas    93% of all confirmed cases are from Edo  ( 38% ) , Ondo  ( 32% ) , Ebonyi  ( 7% ) , Bauchi  ( 7% ) , Taraba ( 5% )  and Plateau  ( 5% )  states   Predominant age group affected is 21 40 years  ( Range: >1 month to 98 years, Median Age: 34 years )
In the reporting week 47  ( 18th – 24th November, 2019 )  eight new confirmedii cases were reported from Ondo ( 5 )  and Edo ( 3 )  states with no new death  From 1 st January to 24th November 2019, a total of 4681 suspected cases have been reported from 23 states. Of these, 785 were confirmed positive, 19 probable and 3877 negative  ( not a case )   Since the onset of the 2019 outbreak, there have been 160 deaths in confirmed cases. Case fatality ratio in confirmed cases is 20.4%.
Children in Nigeria are arguably the worst hit of numerous violent conflicts in the country. Today being the International Day of the Girl Child, the girl child is still facing all forms of dehumanizing abuse. From physical and emotional violence to sexual violence. Even retrogressive socio cultural and religious norms that inhibit the capacities of the girl child. In April 2014, at least 276 schoolgirls were abducted from their school in Chibok by Boko Haram.
Five years on, over a hundred are still missing. February 2018, 110 schoolgirls were abducted in Dapchi by the same group. However, while government was able to secure the release of most of them, five died as a result of the ordeal they went through. Leah Shuaibu is still being held by the Jihadist, purportedly for refusing to denounce her Christian faith. Nigeria has about 13.2 million out of school children. According to the United Nations Children's Emergency Fund  ( UNICEF ) , one in every five out of school children in the world is in Nigeria. In the terror ridden North East region, the education of about 2.8 million children in Borno, Yobe and Adamawa states have been affected conflict.
The main harvest of major staple cereals, including maize, millet, and rice, and tubers such as yams, concluded normally throughout the country, while the sorghum harvest – a long cycle crop, is currently underway. Market supplies and household food stocks are gradually increasing following the harvest, while market demand continues to decline. These factors, coupled with the reduced cross border demand from Niger, Chad and other neighboring countries, have resulted in staple prices remaining lower than the previous year and the average. The exception is the price of rice, which continues to increase above the average for this time of year, in part as a result of the ongoing Nigerian border closures that have limited rice imports into the country since August 2019. Rice demand also increases around the Christmas and New Year holidays, which normally leads to price increases.
Since 2015, the GoN has introduced various policies aimed at curbing imports and smuggling and boost local production, particularly during the 2016 economic recession  ( Nigeria Customs Service ) . In 2004, Nigeria banned the imported rice from Benin and, in 2016, banned  ( non paddy )  imported rice from all its neighbors. Despite these policies, rice imports continued to enter Nigeria through its land borders. Since 2013, the country has imposed a 70 percent tax on imported rice through its ports. In 2014, Benin reduced its tax on imported rice from 35 percent to seven percent of its purchase price. From 2013 to 2014, Benin's rice imports averaged over 1.8 million MT  ( COMTRADE ) , which is above all Coastal countries in West Africa. Given the smaller size of Benin's population, these large imports were thought to be supplying Nigerian markets.
Although conflict has reduced in the past couple of years in comparison to 2013 2015, it continues to affect the ability of some schools to remain open and provide lessons. This is particularly notable in assessed LGAs in Borno state, where 60% of the schools assessed are closed, compared to 14% in Yobe and none in Adamawa. Schools in Adamawa tend to stop functioning temporarily rather than closing: 71% of schools assessed had stopped functioning at some point since 2012 due to conflict, with 40% having stopped functioning in the past year. Disruption over the past year has been less extreme in Yobe and Borno, where 9% of schools stopped functioning at some point.
The majority of schools assessed in Adamawa and Borno states had stopped functioning at some point since 2012 due to the emergency  ( 71% and 68% respectively ) , as had 43% of schools in Yobe. Although schools in Adamawa state were most likely to have stopped functioning during the 2018 2019 school year  ( 40% ) , these schools were closed for an average of four weeks, whilst the average 2018 2019 closure was 16 weeks in Borno and 23 weeks in Yobe.
There were 101 suspected cases of Lassa Fever  ( LF )  reported from 19 LGAs in 12 states and FCT  ( Edo – 58, Ondo – 21, Ebonyi – 7, Bauchi – 4, Plateau – 2, Taraba – 1, Gombe – 1, Kebbi – 1, Cross River – 1, Lagos – 1, FCT – 1, Osun – 1 & Abia – 2 ) . There were 13 confirmed cases and no death was recorded.
In the eastern part of Borno state increased displacement has been observed in Bama and Gwoza local government areas  ( LGAs )  towards Bama, Banki, Gwoza and Pulka towns. Over 16,400 new internally displaced persons  ( IDPs )  arrived between June and September 2018 to these location , stemming from the hard to reach areas of Bama and Gwoza LGAs largely due to ongoing military operations, and returns from neighbouring Cameroon. With the aim of understanding displacement trends, intentions and humanitarian/service related needs among the new arrivals and to support multi sectoral coordination and response in the affected locations, REACH conducted a new arrivals assessment in Bama, Banki, Gwoza and Pulka towns, supported by the European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations  ( ECHO ) .
Forced displacement is a global phenomenon, but its occurrence in the African continent is the highest in the world. As of December 2018, Africa has about 17.8 million displaced persons. Violent conflicts and disasters are notable causes of displacement. This figure is about 40 per cent of the global total. In the same year, there were about 7.5 million new displacements caused by existing and new violent conflicts and disasters.
Livelihood status is generally in the minimal phase for most of the states, excerpt for most areas in the NE states of Borno, Yobe and Adamawa. In Adamawa state for example, livelihood status of households is in emergency in Gombi and Guyuk LGAs while in Madagali, Song and Shelleng LGAs it is under crisis. In Borno State, livelihood status is in emergency in all the four LGAs with significant proportion of Hard to Reach population. However, the depleted livelihoods and loss of productive assets is not restricted to LGAs with Hard to Reach population as most of the LGAs without access constraints also recorded a decline in livelihoods.
36% of HHs reported that the shelter situation was worse in Banki town than in their AoO. IDPs reported during the FGDs, that the camp and reception area were congested, and that the coverage in the reception centre was inadequate in case of rain. They reported the need for NFIs, especially kitchenware and clothing. Returnees reported their houses being occupied by IDPs.
Nearly 2 million people are currently displaced, primarily due to armed conflict. The Boko Haram insurgency has inflicted a severe human toll, which has led to large scale displacement mostly in Borno state where IDPs face poverty, food insecurity, and low standards of living. Nearly 9 out of 10 Nigerian IDPs live below the international poverty line of US$1.90 per person, per day in 2011 PPP terms. Furthermore, 61 percent of IDPs are highly food insecure, and one in four IDP households live in tents or tukuls  ( huts made with sticks )  and not in houses. Poverty is widespread for IDPs but also for host communities. Hence, any durable solution requires improving the living standards and opportunities for the host communities in order to adequately accommodate IDPs. Coupled with raising hosts' living standards, durable solutions for displacement in Nigeria must prioritize security, both in settlement and return areas, and address the specific needs of the most vulnerable groups: youth and women.
While IDPs in camps and in host communities both have similar levels of poverty, living standards tend to be marginally higher among the latter. IDPs in camps face slightly more overcrowding in dwellings, and substantially more overcrowding in toilets. About one in four IDP households are living in tents or tukuls  ( huts made with sticks )  and not in houses. Camp based IDP women who are members of men  headed households are also less likely to give birth in a clinic or hospital possibly due to lack of health services in camps and gendered roles  ( Figure 6 ) . Camp based IDP children also are more likely to stay out of school for longer than children in host communities; about half the children in camp settings have been out of school for over 3 years compared to only 16 percent of children living in host communities. The difference in living conditions between camps and host communities appears to influence the desire of IDPs to return home: a majority of camp based IDPs report that they plan to return home, while most IDPs living among host communities intend to stay.
Food Utilization including Water: High rate of Severe Acute Malnutrition  ( SAM )  was recorded at CMAM centres in states such as Zamfara, Katsina, Sokoto, Borno and Jigawa. Moreover, other states such as Bauchi witnessed a marked increase of 70% in the rate of admission of SAM children albeit, some states such as Benue, Gombe and Jigawa reported decreased admission rates. Causes of malnutrition can be attributed to sub optimal infant and child feeding practices, limited access to health services, inadequate hygiene, poor access to safe water in some areas, and incidence of diseases such as cholera, acute watery diarrhoea, typhoid fever and measles. For instance, households in Bauchi State reportedly had to cover an average of distance of 250m to access potable water whereas open defecation remained an issue in Borno, Yobe and Adamawa at 9.9%, 24.9% and 26.3% respectively.
Households in Group 1 require more access to safety nets and gender responsive programs. IDPs in Group 1 seem to have less access to safety nets because most of them are not located in IDP camps. Nigeria's National Emergency Management Agency  ( NEMA )  and the State Emergency Management Agencies  ( SEMA )  should support IDPs living in host communities, while policy efforts might be concentrated on IDP camps with structured systems. This is especially relevant for the population in Group 1 as they want to stay in their current location and require better conditions to ultimately bring a durable solution to their displacement. In addition, almost half of the households in Group 1 are headed by women. Policy efforts should address gender based vulnerabilities as well as GBV and discrimination against women.
FGD participants reported insecurity for women outside of the camp area. Within the camp, security was reportedly ensured by the security forces and community security groups organized among the IDP camp residents.
39% of HHs reported that they never received information about their AoO. HHs most frequently obtained information on their preferred future location through their traditional leader  ( 36% ) , in person by visiting the location  ( 13% ) , and through government agencies  ( 11% ) 7,8. FGD participants reported difficulties obtaining information on their AoO as it was reportedly deserted, and because mobile phones were banned in the camp for security reasons.
Across Borno, Adamawa and Yobe  ( BAY )  states in north east Nigeria, an estimated 53 per cent of the total population of 13.4 million people require humanitarian assistance in 2019. About 13 per cent of the total population are IDPs representing a quarter of the people in need of humanitarian assistance in 2019. At the start of the conflict in 2009, non state armed groups  ( NSAGs )  targeted all six states in the north east region, with Borno becoming the worst affected State and epicenter of the humanitarian crisis that has now entered its tenth year. About 14,4001 civilians have been killed in the BAY states since 2009, of which 79 per cent are in Borno state only.
A durable solution for Nigeria's IDPs must prioritize security and address specific needs of different groups. Most IDPs have access to water and sanitation facilities, are close to many basic amenities, and have good relations with their host communities. However, rates of poverty and food insecurity among IDPs are alarmingly high, and most face poor housing, education, and health outcomes. Lack of security is a major concern for IDPs, and the ongoing conflict prevents many from returning home. While all IDPs face similar challenges related to insecurity, low school enrollment rates, and overcrowding, IDP women and IDPs living in camps experience additional vulnerabilities and disadvantages. Worse educational outcomes and weaker labor market participation among women, as well as the lower living standards in IDP camps, undermine the prospect of a durable solution.
Women and girls staying at the reception centre in GSSSS IDP Camp in Bama town, Borno State, Nigeria, 13 September 2019. Many civilians were reportedly executed and many others abducted by armed groups yesterday in northern Borno State in Nigeria and on the Damaturu Biu road, linking Yobe and Borno states. The UN and humanitarian partners condemned the violent incidents and urged the Nigerian authorities to do their utmost to prevent further violence and brutality and to protect the civilian population, including aid workers.
More than 36,000 people have been killed since the beginning of the conflict, about half of them civilians. Since the beginning of the year, nine aid workers have lost their lives while trying to provide life saving assistance to those who desperately need it in Borno State. More than 160,000 people have fled their homes in 2019, while insecurity and violent attacks continue to hamper the ability of people to access essential services and livelihoods. Currently, more than 7 million people remain in need of assistance in the crisis affected states of Borno, Yobe and Adamawa states. The UN and humanitarian partners in Nigeria remind all armed groups of their duty to protect civilians and call on the general public, including the media, to refrain from sharing any unconfirmed information.
December 25: Suspected Boko Haram militants killed fourteen Nigerien soldiers in Tillaberi, Niger. December 25: ISWA  ( Boko Haram )  executed eleven captives, likely in Borno. December 25: Herders killed two in Gassol, Taraba. December 27: Police killed one during a clash with Shiites in Sokoto, Sokoto.
Humanitarian food assistance to the northeast remains restricted. In October about 1.2 million beneficiaries were reached across Borno, Yobe, and Adamawa States   one percent higher than the previous month. However, the IDP population remains elevated with the total IDP population the highest it has been since October 2018. The National Emergency Management Agency  ( NEMA )  provides 8.4 kg of staple food per person per month, while a household of 6 members is provided with 50.4 kg per month. Unfortunately, due to bureaucratic bottlenecks, some IDPs living in camps receive their distribution irregularly, which leads to food consumption gaps. As an example, on December 9th, Teachers Village camp that houses over 22,250 IDPs within the Greater Maiduguri area indicated that they received their last food distributions on November 20th and September 12th , with no distribution in October 2019, limiting food access in highly accessible areas.
The August 2019 SMART survey conducted by INTERSOS in accessible areas of Bama and Magumeri LGAs of Borno State revealed a Global Acute Malnutrition  ( GAM )  rate by weight for height z score  ( WHZ )  of 9.9 percent in Bama and 10.3 percent in Magumeri. A recent assessment conducted between September and November 2019 by FEWS NET in accessible areas of Mafa and Magumeri LGAs of Borno State indicated a GAM by Mid Upper Arm Circumference  ( MUAC )  rate of 5.76 percent in Mafa and 8.82 percent in Magumeri.
Nigeria continues to report sporadic cases of monkeypox since September, 2017  In the reporting month  ( November 2019 ) , eight new suspected monkeypox cases were reported from five States   Lagos  ( 3 ) , Rivers  ( 3 )  and Oyo  ( 1 )   Only one the suspected cases was confirmed positive for monkeypox in Oyo state  No death recorded in the reporting month  A total of 106 suspected cases have been reported so far in 2019 of which 44 were confirmed in nine states  ( Bayelsa, Lagos, Delta, Rivers,Akwa ibom, Enugu, Anambra, Cross River, and Oyo ) . One death was recorded in a case in Lagos state.
Majority of confirmed cases  ( 86% )  are recorded in four states Lagos state ( 32% ) , Delta ( 23%, Rivers  ( 16% )  and Bayelsa ( 1% )  statate  The most affected age group is 21 40 years with 80% of confirmed cases ( Range: 2 51years, median age: 32.5 years )   Males are more affected  ( male to female ratio = 2.7 : 1 )   From the beginning of the outbreak in September 2017 to November, 2019 a total of 181 confirmed cases and nine deaths have been recorded in 18 states  ( Rivers, Bayelsa, Cross River, Imo, Akwa Ibom, Lagos, Delta, Bauchi, FCT, Abia, Oyo, Enugu, Ekiti, Nasarawa, Benue, Plateau, Edo,Anambra )
In the reporting week 48  ( 25th – 1 st December, 2019 )  eight new confirmed cases were reported from Ondo ( 6 )  and Edo ( 2 )  states with 2 new deaths from Ondo state  From 1 st January to 1 st December 2019, a total of 4771 suspected cases have been reported from 23 states. Of these, 793 were confirmed positive, 19 probable and 3959 negative  ( not a case )   Since the onset of the 2019 outbreak, there have been 162 deaths in confirmed cases. Case fatality ratio in confirmed cases is 20.4%  Twenty three  ( 23 )  States  ( Edo, Ondo, Bauchi, Nasarawa, Ebonyi, Plateau, Taraba, Adamawa, Gombe, Kaduna, Kwara, Benue, Rivers, Kogi, Enugu, Imo, Delta, Oyo, Kebbi, Cross River, Zamfara, Lagos and Abia )  have recorded at least one confirmed case across 86 Local Government Areas
Most of Borno State's population is concentrated in urban zones, and even more so in the capital Maiduguri where, according to various estimates, over one million displaced people now live. Armed groups – the Islamic State in West Africa Province  ( ISWAP )  and the JAS led by Abubacar Shekau   have strengthened their hold over rural areas in Borno and regions in Niger, Chad and Cameroon sharing borders with Nigeria. But, people continue to live in these places. The United Nations in Nigeria estimates 1.2 million people live in non government controlled areas where, like most rural regions in the Sahel, essential services are sorely lacking and health care is non existent. This is a structural problem aggravated by the conflict.
The Boko Haram crisis was marked by attacks across the Lake Chad Basin and by increased attacks on hospitals in north east Nigeria. The abduction of children, in particular girls, often for the purpose of sexual abuse, forced marriage or used to bear improvised explosive devices continued at elevated levels. In 2018, the United Nations faced significant access restrictions to conflict affected areas, impeding its ability to verify grave violations and to deliver life saving aid to children.
The United Nations verified 432 children killed  ( 175 )  and maimed  ( 257 ) , attributed to Boko Haram  ( 405 ) , Nigerian Security Forces  ( NSF )   ( 16 ) , CJTF  ( 1 )  and unattributed incidents of unexploded ordnance  ( 10 ) . Of the total child casualties attributed to Boko Haram, 58 per cent  ( 234 )  were due to explosions of improvised explosive devices borne by civilians, including 48 children directly used as carriers of improvised explosive devices. Cases attributed to NSF occurred during the course of their response to Boko Haram offensives.
The number of denials of humanitarian access increased, from 5 in 2017 to 33 in 2018, in an environment where humanitarians face restrictions on movement imposed by parties to conflict. Most cases were attributed to NSF  ( 23 )  and Boko Haram  ( 10 )  and took place in areas where the humanitarian needs of children were dire.
December 7: One was killed during the local government election in Ikere, Ekiti. December 7: An IED planted by Boko Haram killed a Nigerian soldier in Marte, Borno.
December 8: Gunmen killed five people watching a soccer game in Kaura, Kaduna. December 8: ISWA  ( Boko Haram )  killed two soldiers and one policeman in Borno  ( no exact LGA ) . December 8: Gunmen killed ten in Etche, Rivers. December 8: During a shoot out, kidnappers killed four civilians and police killed three kidnappers in Kwali, FCT.
December 9: Kidnappers abducted five in Yola North, Adamawa. December 9: Bandits kidnapped eight in Shiroro, Niger. December 10: Communal violence led to one death in Oturkpo, Benue. December 10: Two security guards were killed in Makurdi, Benue.
December 11: The Nigerian Air Force killed thirty Boko Haram militants in Gwoza, Borno. December 11: Gunmen killed three in Awka South, Anambra. December 11: Soldiers killed three robbery suspects in Aba North, Abia.
December 23: Boko Haram killed three in Biu, Borno. December 24: Nigerian troops killed forty eight Boko Haram militants in Biu, Borno. December 24: Boko Haram killed six and kidnapped three in Chibok, Borno. December 24: One soldier and three gunmen were killed during an attack on former President Jonathan's country home in Ogbia, Bayelsa. December 24: Gunmen killed two in Danko Wasegu, Kebbi.
Borno State in North East Nigeria has experienced nine years of Armed Organized Group  ( AOG )  insurgency and counter military operations. As of October 2018, approximately 2.3 million of internally displaced people have been registered, around 300 000 of them live in over congested camps. The displacement and continued movement of IDPs createsmajor protection concerns, causing arbitrary detentions, family separations and increased gender based violence.The situation caught international headlines when in April 2014 Boko Haram attacked a boarding school in the town named Chibok in North East Nigeria. 276 young were taken away, most of them Christians. Reports on sexual abuse and exploitation reflect an increase of rapes of women and girls by Nigerian security forces and Armed Organized Groups. According to a UNFPA report, six out of ten women have experienced one or more forms of GBV. Traditional cultural beliefs and practices further exacerbate protection and GBV issues.
The Nigerian Navy has said that it recorded about thirty four  ( 34 )  pirate ship attacks in 2018, stating that evasive maneuver from the legal regime have been the bane in the fight against oil theft prosecution. Kadiri said from January to December 2018, a total of 34 pirates' attacks on shipping were reported with 9 successful and 25 unsuccessful while a total of 20 sea robbery attacks were reported in 2018 with 6 successful and 14 unsuccessful.
Kaduna – The Kaduna State Police Command on Monday said no fewer than 16 persons were killed by unknown gunmen at Barde Village under Maro in Kajuru Local Government Area of the state. The Command's Public Relations Officer, DSP Yakubu Sabo, confirmed this to the News Agency of Nigeria  ( NAN )  in Kaduna. Sabo said at about 7:30 a.m. on Sunday, some unknown armed men entered Barde Village under Maro in Kajuru Local Government Area and started shooting sporadically which resulted to the death of 16 persons.
Child birth has also become a dangerous undertaking. North east Nigeria has the worst maternal mortality rate in the country with more than 1,500 deaths for every 100,000 live births.Around 1.4 million people  ( IOM )  in Borno state have had to leave their homes due to fighting. Maiduguri has absorbed more than a quarter of a million people  ( IOM ) . They have largely settled into camps dotted around the city, or are living within host communities.
Severe weather has been affecting central and south eastern States since late September, causing widespread flooding, casualties and damage. The most affected states are Cross River, Kogi, Niger, and Taraba. As of 7 October, the International Federation of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies  ( IFRC )  reports 12 fatalities  ( 11 in Niger and 1 in Cross River States ) , 4,485 people displaced  ( 2,300 in Taraba, 1,129 in Niger, and 1,056 in Cross River States )  and more than 18,500 people affected across 54 communities. Heavy to locally very heavy rain is forecast over southern and central western states, and moderate rain over the rest of the country.
Nigeria continues to face immense humanitarian and protection challenges due to the ongoing conflict in the north east of the country resulting in human rights violations and impacting significantly on the most vulnerable civilians, including women and girls. Other consequences of the conflict include hunger, malnutrition, illiteracy, and diseases. Humanitarian organisations have limited access to many areas due to the security situation as armed groups have indiscriminately assaulted civilians, attacked health structures and even kidnapped and killed aid workers. Natural disasters have exacerbated the situation. In early November, more than 40,000 people – mostly internally displaced people – had little or access to food or services in Borno State due to heavy flooding of the River Kaalia in neighbouring Cameroon.
Financial Vanguardanalysis also showed a steady growth in the number of inactive bank accounts between 2014 and 2018. According to NIBSS, inactive bank accounts grew faster than active bank accounts in the past five years, 2014 to 2018. During this period, inactive bank accounts grew by 73 percent while active bank accounts grew by 35 percent. While inactive bank accounts increased by 19.61 million to 46.7 million in 2018 from 27.09 million in 2014, active bank accounts rose by 24.75 million to 71.2 million in 2018 from 46.45 million in 2014.
300,000 people have been displaced since conflicts were renewed in the Middle Belt region
New suspected cases of cholera reported in Lagos State on 31st October. 2019: State Ministry of Health  ( SMoH )  currently carrying out investigations  Ongoing outbreak in Adamawa State since Epi week 19 of 2019  Cases reported from Adamawa are on decline with no deaths since Epi Week 31.
According to The Guardian, more than 9,000 refugees crossed the border into Bodo, Cameroon, after attacks by Boko Haram killed at least fourteen people. Refugees were sent back to Nigeria, where Boko Haram Islamists pose a continuing threat to civilians.
 In December, the army targeted Amnesty International and UNICEF, among other humanitarian aid agencies and journalists, accusing them of training “spies' to support Boko Haram insurgents. The military claimed that UNICEF had held workshops in Maiduguri training people for “clandestine' activities that were “sabotaging' counter terrorism efforts. The ban has since been lifted.