nlp-thedeep/humsetbias huggingface dataset:
In 2017 at least 40 children were killed and 38 children injured, by air strikes, shelling, small arms fire, improvised explosive devices and explosive remnants of war.116 Around 150,000 displaced persons, returnees and host community members are in need. An estimated 194,000 persons are still displaced in Libya and not able to return to their places of origins due to insecurity, fear of reprisals, violence against them and lack of access to services in their places of origins.
The Libyan Interior Ministry condemned Saturday the armed attack on a patrol for the security department in Sabha, southern Libya, killing one policeman. The ministry added that one of the attackers was injured and is receiving medical treatment in Sabha Medical Center, saying two others were detained.
An average of 37 casualties are being verified every day, warranting the full availability of medical supplies for both first and second line responders. Additionally, many IDPs are in urgent need of medical assistance due to chronic conditions and disruption to their treatments due to displacement and conflict. The capacity of health facilities to cope with the current caseload is limited.
The presence of explosive hazards, including landmines, improvised explosive devices, and unexploded/abandoned ordinance  ( UXO/AXO )  has been a persistent threat to people in Libya. Libya is also contaminated by Cluster Munition Remnants  ( CMR )  and other Explosive Remnants of War  ( ERW ) . Explosive hazards contamination poses a serious threat to displaced, returnees and host communities, in terms of safety, access to services and mobility. It also hinders the safe return and restricts access for humanitarian workers. According to the 2018 MSNA, 4 per cent of households reported the presence of explosive hazards at neighbourhood level, among which 11 per cent are returnees, 8 per cent IDPs and 3 per cent non displaced population. 9 per cent of IDPs have not returned to their area of origin due to the threat of explosive hazards
Nearly three quarters  ( 74 per cent )  of households who are still engaged in agricultural production report challenges associated with the crisis. Crop producers commonly cite power cuts, increased insecurity and the inability to access or afford inputs. Livestock producers commonly face a lack a shortage of veterinary services, and supplies, difficulties feeding herds, and having had to consume animals for food needs.
The current situation in Libya affects the food security of nondisplaced households and returnees in a similar way. Returnee and non displaced households reported the same level of food insecurity  ( 11 per cent and 12 per cent respectively ) , while displaced households reported a higher level of food insecurity, with 17 per cent being classified as food insecure. In Tripoli, food insecurity is affecting displaced households  ( 53 per cent food insecure )  to a greater extent than nondisplaced  ( 20 per cent food insecure ) .
At national level, the main livelihood coping strategies used by the population are, relying on savings  ( 52 per cent ) , borrowed money  ( 35 per cent ) , purchased food on credit  ( 35 per cent ) , taking an additional job  ( 30 per cent )  and reducing expenditures on essential non food items  ( 28 per cent ) . Displaced households resorted also to emergency coping strategies like begging and accepting socially degrading, highrisk, or illegal work. Non displaced households and returnees mainly relied on crisis coping strategies such as selling productive assets, spending savings, borrowing money, taking additional jobs, and reducing expenses on health
BV sub Sector estimates that 18,200 displaced women and girls are in need of dignity kits. So far, a total of 4,381 dignity kits have been distributed since the beginning of the conflict to females of reproductive age. About 500 emergency kits have been provided to women and children through GBV case management and blanket distribution at the collective shelters.
Financial barriers to accessing education such as the inability to pay for education materials/uniforms or school fees disproportionately impacted IDP households. Strikingly, violence against children at school was reported to be a mantikawide issue in Wadi Ashshati with 70% of households reporting a child not enrolled or attending citing this reason.
The availability of preventative and curative services for children under five is also extremely limited. Over one third of municipalities cannot provide child healthcare to their constituents, and even where PHC facilities do offer services the package is very limited. There are major gaps in the provision of Integrated Management of Childhood Illnesses  ( IMCI )  and essential Newborn Care. Among refugees and migrants there are an estimated 11,000 children under five years old in need of health assistance. Within the IDP, returnee, host and non displaced communities, there are an estimated 24,000 children under five in need healthcare support.
Many Libyans have thus far managed to withstand many of the varied impacts of the crisis in Libya as they have sufficient coping mechanisms in place. However, ongoing conflict and economic decline have steadily eroded people's resilience to the crisis, leaving large parts of the population at risk. Many Libyans have already had to adopt one or more negative coping mechanism, leading to multiple adverse effects. Coping mechanisms include relying on savings  ( 52 per cent ) , borrowing money  ( 35 per cent ) , reducing expenses on household items  ( 28 per cent ) , purchasing on credit  ( 35 per cent ) , and selling non productive assets such as jewelry  ( 23 per cent ) .100 The impacts of the crisis on the most vulnerable have also led to the use of emergency level negative coping mechanisms101 including begging  ( 5 per cent )  and socially degrading, exploitative, high risk or illegal work  ( 3 per cent ) , including prostitution.
Culturally it is also more likely that women reduce the number of meals they eat per day, limit portion sizes, and limit their food consumption so that children can eat. Given women's position in Libyan society, women are also more likely to be forced to adopt emergency negative coping mechanisms including begging and engaging in degrading and/or illegal work. More detailed information on coping mechanisms related to GBV is needed, including information on women and girls engaging degrading and/or illegal work. Those adopting such negative coping mechanisms face high risks of stigmatization, and even risk their lives.
At the national level, a higher proportion of displaced households had unmet needs in the health sector compared to non displaced communities. Returnee households were most likely to have unmet needs  ( 32% ) , which was a similar proportion to IDP households  ( 28% ) , while 22% of non displaced households had unmet healthcare needs. The highest proportion of returnee households with unmet health needs was found in Azzawya  ( 95% )  and Wadi Ashshati  ( 75% ) . For IDPs, 67% of households in Derna had unmet health needs, with 66% of households in Wadi Ashshati and 58% of households in Al Kufra.
Families trapped in conflict effected areas require evacuation to safety and subsequent assistance to maintain whilst in displacement.
For families across Libya, the ongoing conflict has thrown a shroud over day to day life, making economic survival an increasing struggle. With the country's economy fixed in a downward spiral, thousands of families are unable to access enough money to meet their basic daily needs.
Essential public services are severely affected. In particular the health sector is confronted with a lack of qualified staff and shortage of essential drugs  ( including for high prevalence non communicable diseases, e.g. diabetes, hypertension ) . In conflictaffected areas, some territories in Sirt, Derna and Benghazi are considered dangerous due to the presence of unexploded remnants of war, such as mines and improvised explosive devices.
The UN estimates that 1.1 million people are in need of humanitarian assistance, including refugees, asylum seekers and migrants. A response in other countries in North Africa affected by the Libyan crisis will depend on an informed assessment and analysis of needs, vulnerabilities and protection risks.
Trucks carrying humanitarian assistance targeting populations in areas under LNA control, particularly in the east, continue to be denied permission by GNA affiliated authorities to move from Tripoli. Lack of cash liquidity is also exacerbating the need of affected populations, especially in the south. The LNA imposed no fly zone in the south has interrupted distribution of cash to banks in the south outside of Sebha, impacting the ability of populations already facing scarcities to obtain food and other basic goods.
The Service Availability and Readiness Assessment  ( SARA )  survey published in 2017 found that 17.5 per cent of hospitals, 20 per cent of Primary Health Care  ( PHC )  facilities and 18 per cent of specialized health facilities in Libya have been partially damaged or completely destroyed by the conflict. Only 41 per cent of hospitals have a comprehensive set of essential medicines available, while levels of availability at PHC facilities and medical stores are extremely low at 10 per cent and 13 per cent respectively. Antenatal care  ( ANC )  availability and readiness is limited at a national level due to a lack of medicines, guidelines and trained staff. Only 18 facilities offer family planning services in the entire country, and only eight offer counselling and testing for HIV. The overall lack of comprehensive health services has affected access of more than one million Libyans and non Libyans to quality healthcare services
Derna As the security situation reportedly remained stable, previously displaced persons continued to return. In February, at least 375 IDPs were reported to have returned to Derna, and their reported needs included food, NFIs, medicines, and protection.
TOBRUK During the reporting period, the appreciation of the Libyan Dinar in comparison to the US Dollar on informal markets was reported to have made labor opportunities in Libya increasingly attractive for Egyptian migrants. However, at the same time, intensified security patrols were reported on both sides of the Libya   Egypt border, and this was reported to have had a negative impact on the overall trend. Likewise, the cold weather led to decreased migrant mobility and presence at flow monitoring points.
ALJUFRA No major problems have been reported between migrants and the host community in the areas of Aljufra. Reportedly, the situation has been fairly stable for most migrants in the region as availability of job opportunities in agriculture and other manual labour sectors was reported to be good
In 29% of the 571 communities hosting migrants, migrant children reportedly do not have access to education. In another 42% of the muhallas, only few migrant children have access to education. In many regions such as Benghazi, Aljufra, Alkufra and Ghat only a small number of migrant children have access to education in nearly all communities hosting migrants. Also, in 78% of the communities of Al Jabal Al Gharbi and 70% of the communities of Nalut migrants do not have access to education.
According to the latest IOM DTM figures, approximately 62,700 persons have now fled their homes as a result of the armed conflict. Some 3,900 new IDPs have been identified since 7 May in Qasr Al Akhyar, Tajoura, Suq Al Jumaa, Wershafana, Al Ajayalat, Garabolli and Tripoli. The majority of IDPs are staying in private accommodation, with friends and relatives or in rental accommodation, mainly in urban areas of Tripoli.
Sirt 25 IDPs were reported to have returned to Sirte from Tripoli and Misrata during the reporting period. These returnees are reportedly staying at their original homes, and their main need was reported as access to cash. An estimated 200 to 300 migrants were reported to have arrived from Ejdabia, Aljufra and Misrata. Some were reported to be looking for job opportunities, whereas others were planning to continue their journey to other destinations.
Murzuq During the last week of February, at least 200 families  ( 1000 individuals )  were displaced from Murzuq to Algatroun, while subsequently 120 displaced families  ( 600 individuals )  were then reported to have returned to Murzuq in the following week as the security situation improved. The reported needs were related to the lack of availability and access to food for the affected population, non food items, and medical supplies.
Civilians continue to be impacted by indiscriminate shelling and an increase in unexploded ordnances is putting children and their families at increased risk. Violations of international law and international humanitarian law have been reported with attacks on health facilities and health workers have also been frequent with 12 deaths and 48 injuries to health workers being reported since April 2019. Humanitarian space has also decreased since the 4 April offensive on Western Libya with areas like Tarhouna, Gharyan, Surman and Zintan difficult to reach.
The high levels of violence in Western Libya also led to the suspension of the academic school year for 122,088 school aged children in nine districts in and around Tripoli. While the academic school year is set to start in midOctober, the General Teachers Union has been implementing a sit in since 13 September 2019 demanding the enactment of a law to increase salaries and medical insurance. 5 Trash build up has also been reported in Western Libya due to the largest landfill in Tripoli being inaccessible since the beginning of the conflict, increasing the risk of waterborne diseases.
Libya remains a migratory crossroads with 655,144 migrants currently registered in the country, including some 52,412 children of which 17,2968 were separated or unaccompanied and are exposed to gross rights violations and harsh environmental conditions. On 3 July 2019 an airstrike targeting a Detention Centre in Tripoli Tajoura  hosting migrants and refugees killed 53 migrants and injured 130 others.9 The Central Mediterranean Route from Libya to Europe remains the deadliest migrant route on the Mediterranean, with 642 deaths already recorded in 2019.
Engagement in the agricultural sector – crop or livestock production and fishing – stands at 22 percent. The vast majority of households are involved in agricultural production for household consumption, and less than 10 percent rely on agriculture exclusively as a source of income. Engagement in crop production or gardening stands at 14 percent of households nationally, with the highest proportions in Wadi Ashshati  ( 50 per cent ) , Misrata  ( 29 per cent ) , and Almarj  ( 27 per cent ) . Nationally, 12 per cent of households are engaged in livestock production, with the highest proportions in Sebha  ( 50 per cent ) , Wadi Ashshati  ( 40 per cent )  and Al Jabal Al Akhdar  ( 31 per cent ) .
The most vulnerable groups are newly displaced populations, as well as IDPs living in collective centres, returnees to the cities where the water and sanitation infrastructure is damaged and the few remaining functional systems are overburdened. A total of 267,000 people are identified in need of humanitarian WASH assistance. Of those an estimated 74 per cent are Libyans and 26 per cent are refugees and migrants. Almost 40 per cent of people in need of WASH assistance are women and girls.
Safe access to healthcare is a priority need in conflict affected areas in and around Tripoli. Health workers and ambulance vehicles have been directly targeted by the fighting forces resulting in the deaths of three health workers, the injury of one  ( Libya Herald 12/04/2019 ) , and the destruction of 11 ambulance vehicles  ( OCHA 21/04/2019 ) . A private clinic has been damaged by a rocket attack  ( OCHA 19/04/2019 ) .
Protracted conflict accompanied with multiple onset of emergencies taken place in 2018 like Derna conflict, tribal conflict in the south caused complete failure of wastewater systems in Sebha and recently the fighting of different factions in Tripoli. This resulted in displacement of thousands of families with immediate required action to respond to their urgent needs.
Refugee and migrant children, particularly those who are non Arabic speakers coming from sub Saharan African countries, are often denied access to education within the national educational system and rarely attend school with Libyan children. Available data reveals that out of an estimated 62,000 school aged refugee and migrant children registered in the country, approximately 53,000 children are in need of support to access education services. A REACH/ UNICEF report, forthcoming in December 2018, found that that 100 per cent of interviewed unaccompanied and separated children  ( UASC )  had no access to education in Libya
Access to education is one of the key priorities for returnees, in order to establish normalcy in children's lives. The majority of returnees are found in Benghazi, Sirt, Tripoli and Ubari. As per the MSNA 2018, 24 per cent of interviewed households cited health issues as a reason for not attending and/or dropping out of school, with 16 per cent of households citing poor quality of education and 14 per cent of households citing limited access to transport. 5.6 per cent have indicated loss of documentation as one of the main reasons for not continuing in education. Irregular school attendance is mainly found in Wadi Ashshati, Al Jabal Al Akhdar, Alkufra, Azzawya, Murzuq and Ubari.
Humanitarian actors are extremely concerned for the safety and wellbeing of nearly 3,400 refugees and migrants trapped in ten detentions centres  ( DCs )  exposed to, or in close proximity to, the fighting. All individuals inside these centres are at imminent risk, as they have no means of seeking safety on their own.In addition to the risk posed by armed clashes, access to food, water and healthcare is severely restricted at these facilities as a result of the conflict.
During this reporting period, IRC conducted safety audits in two collective shelters. Key GBV risks associated with access to WASH facilities were identified and recommendations shared with the WASH Sector to address identified risks. Lack of separate toilets/showers for men and women in collective shelters remains a concern.
There is a lack of funding to upscale current GBV services to reach IDPs outside of Tripoli where information and assistance is largely absent. Dignity kits stocks are fewer than the demand as the number of displaced women and girls continues to grow. Clinical management of rape  ( CMR )  services are not available at public hospitals in Tripoli. Affected refugees and migrants have limited access/ability to benefit from the full cycle of GBV case management.
Eight years of insecurity in Libya has resulted in 241,000 boys and girls in urgent need of life saving humanitarian assistance throughout the country. The majority of the people in need are in urban areas of the country.
Major risk of diseases outbreaks including acute watery diarrhea due to water contamination. • Needs priorities are shifting from household level lifesaving to community level basic service needs.
Six weeks of urban warfare have damaged power lines and water stations, leaving hospitals and homes without reliable access to electricity and water. A rapid assessment of conflict affected municipalities found dwindling access to cash, food, and essential household goods. Schools are closed and often converted into makeshift hospitals or housing centers for displaced families.
However the displacement areas of IDPs increasingly extend to areas outside of Tripoli, along the coastal line in Western Libya. 29 collective shelters are now in operation, estimated to house some 550 IDP families  ( approximately 2,750 individuals ) , with the majority of IDPs staying in urban areas with family/friends or in rented accommodation.
Lack of food remains a concern at seven of the nine occupied DCs exposed to or at risk if armed conflict  ( Al Saba'a, Janzour, Ghiryan, Triq al Sika, Azzawya Al Nasr and Zwara DCs ) , where a total of 2,354 individuals are currently detained.
Crop producers commonly cite power cuts, increased insecurity, and the inability to access or afford inputs. Livestock producers commonly face a lack of veterinary services and supplies, difficulties feeding herds, and report having had to consume their herds to meet their food needs.
Migrants and refugees are held in undignified and inhumane conditions. Detainees have no access to adequate and specialized medical care, including sexual and reproductive health care. Detainees lack access to sufficient quantities and nutrient sufficient food and safe and adequate drinking water. Detainees have inadequate access to washing and sanitation facilities, and no access to basic necessities including clean bedding, clothing and items of personal hygiene.
A peace agreement signed by the warring sides in 2015 has never been implemented. The Tripoli based GNA, established in 2016 pursuant to the agreement, is the only internationally recognized government, but to date has been unable to exert its control or authority over much of the country.
As the security situation reportedly remained stable, people continued to return. In March, at least 295 individuals were reported to have returned to Derna, and their reported needs included food, NFIs, medicines, and protection
PROTECTION CONCERNS AND VIOLATIONS OF INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW  ( IHL )  AND HUMAN RIGHTS LAW:  The widespread or systematic practice of enforced disappearance in Derna was reported by many of the interviewed IDPs and key informants  ( KIs ) ; including arrest, detention and abduction of young men, women, children and family members of Shura council members;  Torture and other ill treatment was reported as widespread in prisons under the control of LNA especially in Gernada, Al kweefah and Al Rajma prison;  Hindering access to food, petrol and medical supplies, resulting in a rapid deterioration of the humanitarian situation in some areas of the city, especially the old city of Derna.  Widespread destruction, looting, burning down and confiscation of property belonging to the displaced families who are relatives of DSF families accused of not supporting LNA forces and families originally from West Libya. Several videos on the social media are showing militaries looting and burning down several houses and properties. The protection sector also received reports that the military allowed IDP families in Derna to occupy houses belong to families members of DSF or to families displaced outside Derna;  Continued military siege of the old city  Limited to no access to health, food and water supplies to the fighters in the old city;  Presence of explosive remnants of war  ( ERW )  was reported in many neighbourhoods of the city.
Over 1,850 IDPs, accounting for one third of the population displaced from Ghat, are currently sheltered in collective shelters in Ghat and Ubari, with the remaining IDPs staying with host families and in open areas in the desert outside Ghat. Reported priority needs include Food, Health, Water and NFIs  ( mattresses, blankets and hygiene kits ) . Additionally, those staying in open areas outside Ghat are reported to be also in urgent need of shelter and WASH services. Although water levels gradually receded, damage to homes and infrastructure in Ghat remains substantial.
In a study conducted in April 2018, IMPACT's initiative REACH had found that migration routes to and within Libya had diversified as a result of migration measures implemented, with an increase in smuggling hubs in the east of the country. The study also found that refugees and migrants remained increasingly hidden, moving as little as possible, to cope with the severe protection risks faced. At the same time, knowledge about the security situation in Libya and migration measures implemented had reportedly not impacted refugees' and migrants' decision to go or stay in Libya.
Nationally, 7.5 percent of households have abandoned agricultural activities since 2014, with the highest rates observed in Azzawya  ( 35 percent ) , Sebha  ( 25 percent )  and Benghazi  ( 17 percent ) . Perhaps unsurprisingly, returnees and IDPs were much more likely to have abandoned agricultural activities  ( 12 percent )  than non displaced populations  ( 7 percent ) . Displaced populations, including returnees, appear to face specific difficulties resuming agricultural activities. While 23 percent of non displaced households were engaged in some form of agricultural production, the rate for displaced populations was nearly half – 12 percent for IDP and returnee households alike
Since 2014, children and their families in Libya have a growing need for basic humanitarian assistance. The conflict in Libya has resulted in political fragmentation, displacement and a steady decline in household purchasing power and basic services.Seven years of protracted conflict in Libya has affected 1.6 million people and resulted in 823,000 people, including 241,000 girls and boys, needing humanitarian assistance.The majority of people in need are located in urban areas, primarily in the western and eastern regions of the country.
Though Libya has traditionally had a high school enrollment rate, there has been a steady decline in enrollment and the quality of education since the conflict began. Displacement has added pressure to existing schools. In conflict affected areas, there are reports of high levels of violence in schools.3 Children on the move continue to face discrimination in access to education and are in urgent need of education. An estimated 340,000 school aged children  ( 6 17 years old )  are in need of education support. Adolescents and youth are particularly vulnerable in Libya, including in regard to associations with armed groups.
During the first quarter of 2019, child protection gaps and violence against children continue to be reported across Libya, commonly linked to armed conflict, high rates of violence in homes, schools and communities, contamination from explosive hazards in urban centres, the breakdown of rule of law and deteriorating access to/quality of basic services, including child protection services. Libya is a situation of concern for grave violations against children. An estimated 133,400 children  ( 53,400 girls and 80,000 boys )  are in need of child protection services.
In the Ghiryan DC the WASH situation is extremely poor and, according to IOM and UNHCR, the site has been without drinking water for several days.On 21 April, a mother gave birth in Qasr Bin Ghasheer DC without medical assistance, as ambulances reportedly are refusing to attend to medical cases in the DC. On 22 April the mother and infant were transferred to a private clinic.
Some 34,100 displaced individuals have been identified since the onset of the crisis, including an increase of nearly 1,800 IDPs whose displacement has been recorded within the last 48 hours, according to DTM IOM. New IDPs were identified in Sabratha, Garabolli, Tarhouna, Al Khums, Bani Waleed and Zwara. The majority of IDPs are staying with family or in private accommodations, while over 2,200 IDPs are currently sheltered in 16 collective centers set up by local authorities.
Increased risks of Gender Based Violence continue to appear as a result of the ongoing conflict. Conflict affected children and their caregivers need psychosocial support and recreational activities. Children and their families are at increased risk of exposure to unexploded ordnances  ( UXO )  and explosive devices since the conflict is close to residential areas in the southern area of Tripoli. This highlights the need of mine risk education.
Basic services continue to suffer during the conflict. Extended electrical power cuts continue to be reported, affecting provision of water and mobile networks. The garbage collection in the capital is seriously hampered; excess waste during the summer season could create a favourable environment for vector breeding and could lead to an outbreak of waterborne diseases. Severe fuel shortages put additional stress on citizens in Tripoli and many other parts of the country.
Following an attack on the town of Al Fogha by suspected extremist militants, an estimated 50 individuals left their homes to the nearby town of Wadden; reportedly the IDPs are staying with relatives and their needs are housing and food.
As of 30 August, key roads leading to Murzuq had partly reopened. However, KIs reported that travel into and out of the city remained heavily restricted due to armed group activity and roadblocks. Most Alahali IDPs, in particular, were able to access only a single road out of Murzuq leading to Wadi Etba, which was shelled and targeted by sniper activity at the height of the conflict.
KIs estimated that roughly 2,415 households had come from the five assessed baladiyas of south Tripoli: 825 from Swani bin Adam, 550 from Ain Zara, 540 from Al Aziziya, 250 from Qasr bin Ghasheer, and 250 from Wadi Rabia. Numbers are likely to have increased since 14 April. • Many IDP households had reportedly been displaced to areas in close proximity to the frontline, where they remained at risk of shelling and violence. The conflict affected baladiyas of Azzahra, Ain Zara, Abusliem, Swani, and Qasr bin Ghasheer were all among the most commonly reported destinations for IDPs from assessed baladiyas, suggesting that some IDPs were unable to move to more secure locations
Urban migrants displaced from assessed baladiyas most commonly travelled further into Tripoli, particularly to Abusliem and the Al Wadi Ash Sharqi area of Tajoura. Both of these areas are home to sizable migrant communities and workers' accommodations that serve as a pull factor for urban migrants seeking shelter.
Shortages of vehicle fuel throughout the Tripoli area made it more difficult to rely on private transportation to leave.
Reported humanitarian priority needs include medical supplies and health assistance, followed by food, WASH and NFIs. The current situation reportedly also led to intermittent road closures, prolonged electricity, telecommunication and water outages, damage to infrastructure and limited availability of essential commodities on markets in Murzuq.
The indiscriminate attacks, shelling and usage of medium and heavy weapons in populated areas continued and resulted in the loss of many civilians. Illustrating the vast insecurity facing the conflict affected population, civilians were killed and injured most frequently inside their homes  ( 80% ) , at public services and infrastructure sites  ( 10% ) , and in cars including medical staff in ambulances  ( 10% ) . In addition, the bombing of schools, hospitals and ambulances has taken place in violation of International Humanitarian Law.
As the security situation has gradually been improving in most neighborhoods of Derna over the past months, at least 6,985 families previously displaced families returned to Derna. However, the security situation remains tense in parts of the old city where intermittent skirmishes between radical militants and security forces continue to be reported. In the rest of the city daily life reportedly normalized, yet a curfew between 7 p.m. and 7 a.m. is currently in place.
Clashes in Tripoli between competing armed groups in August September 2018, which lasted for a month, presented further problems and risks for detained migrants. During the clashes which illustrated the Government of National Accord's fragile hold on power and caused civilian deaths and destruction to civilian structures guards abandoned at least two detention centers as fighting drew near, leaving detainees unprotected inside. Authorities eventually transferred hundreds to other detention centers in the capital, contributing to even greater overcrowding in those centers. The fighting also temporarily interrupted EU funded humanitarian aid to the detention centers and United Nations programs to evacuate vulnerable asylum seekers and repatriate migrants.
While women are accommodated separately from men in all four centers, none of the facilities conformed with international guidelines on conditions and treatment of women in detention. All guards are male. NGOs are able to provide only limited prenatal and maternal healthcare, menstrual hygiene supplies are insufficient. Survivors of sexual violence before or during detention have extremely limited options for physical and psychological care. Accounts collected by human rights organizations and UN agencies indicate that sexual violence is a widespread phenomenon along the migration journey, in Libya, and in detention centers.
"Haftar is besieging the south. We have dozens of wounded here who are in urgent need of proper medical care, but we can't fly them to Tripoli because Haftar has banned all flights in and out of the south," Murzuq tribal elder Allahuza Youssif Mahmoud told Middle East Eye. The controversial no fly zone imposed on southern Libya over the weekend by the eastern government has also prevented vital medical supplies reaching Murzuq's already overstretched and under equipped hospital, he said.
Migrant and refugee women and girls remain the most at risk group, especially those who are either the main household owners, pregnant/lactating women or are single. They are exposed to exacerbated vulnerabilities due to the conflict facing a number of risks such as:   Discrimination – they are refused access/accommodation in the collective shelters given that priority is given to Libyan families and refugees  ( usually of the same religious background )    Alternative accommodation is challenging to secure due to discrimination and lack of financial resources; so migrant women end up in overcrowded locations that do not meet basic living conditions and their needs.   Food scarcity: as most migrant women and/or single women are scattered in different places outside collective shelters, their access to food is even more limited and inaccessible due to transportation constraints as well.
As it concerns public health facilities, 50% were reported to be fully operational, 38% partially operational and 12% not operational. Among private health centers and clinics, 57% were reported to be operational while 43% are only partially operational. For private health facilities, cost to access to health services was reported as constraint. Reportedly, available services in operational public and private health facilities are sometimes limited and do not cover all health needs of the surveyed population.
In the rest of Tajoura the situation was reported to be stressed, but not much different from the pre crisis levels. Migrants were reported to still frequent the work recruitment points, and work opportunities were reported to be still available in the northern areas of Tajoura municipality. The migrants were also reported to have access to the grocery stores and supermarkets, and the majority of the markets were reported to be open at the time of the assessment.
Since the onset of hostilities on 4 April, over 75,000 individuals have fled their homes, according to DTMIOM tracking. Of these, over 48 per cent are estimated to be children and 51 per cent to be women. The rate of displacement has decreased somewhat since the start of the conflict, yet armed conflict continues to drive more and more families from their homes. The majority of IDPs are staying in private accommodation, with friends and relatives or in rental accommodation, mainly in urban areas of Tripoli.
Humanitarian actors estimate that over 100,000 men, women and children remain trapped in immediate frontline areas, with over 400,000 more in areas directly impacted by clashes. Concerns are high for civilians unable to leave these areas, as conditions deteriorate and emergency services are unable to get through. Water and electricity cuts are being reported from frontline areas, while market access and availability of food is very limited.
As a result of armed clashes, the protection of civilians is being increasingly threatened in Tripoli, by indiscriminate attacks as fighting spills over into new neighbourhoods. Almost 40 percent of the casualties were civilians killed in their own homes or on the road, or health workers trying to help vulnerable persons. The eruption of ground fighting further into other neighbourhoods in Tripoli would put the lives of thousands of civilians at risk, particularly where military operations occur in civilian neighbourhoods and buildings, or on busy road junctions or around vital services, putting the lives of civilians in harm's way. Safe routes for civilians to leave conflict areas were not available, due to armed groups, shelling and indiscriminate attacks while humanitarian access remains challenging.
Little to no movement to return by newly displaced families.   Despite establishment of armed group checkpoints, key informants report that civilian movement through the checkpoints is unrestricted.   The majority of newly displaced families are staying with friends, families and relatives; meanwhile approximately 200 families took shelter in 5 schools across Tripoli.   In conflict affected areas there are reports that banks, markets and roads are closed. The fighting also affected the electricity and water systems and limited access to food, health and other basic services.
Increased levels of psychosocial stress have been highlighted by child protection partners working in collective centres and conflict affected neighbourhoods. Around 3,145 migrants and refugees remain trapped in the detention centres close to the conflict lines and are in serious need of food, water, health care and protection services. On the night of 07 May two persons were injured in Tajoura Detention centre, hosting 564 detained refugees and migrants, following an airstrike targeting a nearby location.
On the night of 27 28 April, airstrikes were also reported to have impacted in residential areas, including in Ain Zara and Al Twaisha area of Tripoli, with unconfirmed reports of at least one civilian death, as well as damage to civilian buildings and homes. Airstrikes impacting a military base located in the vicinity of the Alfallah I & II IDP camps in Tawerga were also reported, with no civilian casualties reported. Elsewhere, armed clashes, shelling and airstrikes continued along established frontlines. Verified civilian casualty figures remain unchanged as of this reporting, with no new civilian casualties verified since 25 April. Since the beginning of the conflict at least 90 civilian casualties, including 21 fatalities have been verified. 2 These casualties include medical personnel, women and children, and at least one foreign national.
On 23 April, 12 detainees sustained injuries that required hospitalization when an armed group entered Qasr Bi Ghasheer DC. Qasr Bin Ghasheer was one of nine DCs located in areas exposed to or at risk of clashes, two of which have now been completely evacuated. 3,343 refugees and migrants remain trapped in DCs considered to be exposed to or at risk of armed conflict. Additionally, a DTM IOM Rapid Assessment finds that a significant population of urban migrants and refugees are present in conflict affected areas, at risk from armed conflict and subject to a lack of freedom of movement and impaired access to markets/food.
 Indiscriminate shelling/rocket attacks on residential areas has continued during the reporting period, in violation of international humanitarian law. On the overnight of 25 26, grad and mortar shells were reportedly fired on residential areas in Al Hadhba, in Abusliem, and Al Sidrah municipalities, with unconfirmed reports of casualties and material damages reported. OCHA received a report from the Mayor of Abusliem that one civilian sustained injuries in the shelling and that there might be unexploded ordnance in populated areas in Abusliem resulting from the attack.
Unconfirmed media reports indicate that civilians north of Tarhouna are being asked by authorities to relocate in anticipation of armed conflict in the area. An unconfirmed number of civilians remain trapped in conflict areas, where electricity cuts and water shortages resulting from damaged infrastructure are common and access to essential items such as food, medicine and fuel is severely disrupted. Armed clashes, random shelling, roadblocks and explosives placed on roads hamper the ability of humanitarian actors to evacuate civilians and to deliver needed aid, as well as the ability of civilians to move freely to safer areas or access vital goods and services. Access to food is becoming more difficult throughout Tripoli, with Food Sector reporting that, even in areas where markets remain in operation, prices of fresh vegetables and cooking oil have increased, as well as the cost of gas for cooking.
The military escalation in the south threatens to bring with it a humanitarian disaster in a region of Libya which has suffered from years of comprehensive neglect. "The humanitarian situation is very bad inside the town. We are suffering from extreme shortages of food, medicine supplies, children's milk and insulin for diabetics," Murzuq municipal council member Ibrahim Omar Saleh told MEE. "The shops are closed and the town is completely under siege. We haven't received any fuel, medical or food supplies in over three weeks, ever since the military operations started."
Over the past days, nearly 6,700 individuals have been displaced  ( IDPs )  because of the conflict in Murzuq, southern region. The majority of IDPs are currently staying with host families and private accommodation in Sebha, Ubari, Wadi Etba, Al Gatroun, Taraghin and safer areas in Murzuq. Over 400 IDPs are also hosted in collective shelters. The main pressing needs are related to healthcare, medical supplies, food, WASH and NFIs.
Persons of Concern to UNHCR in Libya As of 4 March 2019, a total of 56,866 asylum seekers and refugees are registered with UNHCR in Libya. A total of 4,121 individuals have been identified by UNHCR and its partners to be currently in one of the accessible Libyan detention centres. Evacuation from Libya Since the start of the evacuation operation from Libya in late 2017, a total of 3,175 persons  ( including unaccompanied children )  have been evacuated to Niger  ( 2,491 ) , Italy  ( 415 )  and the ETC Romania  ( 269 ) . There are 154 evacuated unaccompanied children remaining in Niger.
Persons of Concern to UNHCR in Libya As of 8 April 2019, a total of 58,266 asylum seekers and refugees are registered with UNHCR in Libya. A total of 4,643 individuals have been identified by UNHCR and its partners to be currently in one of the accessible Libyan detention centres. Evacuation from Libya Since the start of the evacuation operation from Libya in late 2017, a total of 3,303 persons  ( including unaccompanied children )  have been evacuated to Niger  ( 2,619 ) , Italy  ( 415 )  and the ETC Romania  ( 269 ) . There are 139 evacuated unaccompanied children remaining in Niger.
Some areas in the south of Tripoli are largely inaccessible due to fighting and random shelling; explosive devices placed on roads are reportedly hampering the evacuation of civilians. The humanitarian community continues to call for a humanitarian truce to be negotiated, and humanitarian corridors to be established. Civilians and civilian infrastructure continue to be harmed and damaged.
April was marked by severe clashes in Tripoli. While the median cost of the MEB in the city increased by 4.2% since March, findings should be considered as only representative of the first half of April. According to Mercy Corps, the median prices of vegetables, such as peppers  ( +141.4% ) , onions  ( +91.6% ) , or potatoes  ( +60.0% )  continued to sharply increase in mid April1 , as a result of heavy fightings in agricultural areas near the capital, especially in Swani and Wadi Rabia.
• Between February and March, even though Alkufra remained the eastern city with the highest median cost of the MEB  ( 756.37 LYD ) , it also recorded the highest decrease  (  23.0% )  across Libya. Nearly all of the MEB's key elements including food and NFIs decreased in price2 . While the median price of tomatoes decreased by 33.3% due to a seasonal increase in supply, the median price of cooking fuel fell by 60.0% following the supply of subsidised cooking fuel in official warehouses.
Comparing rates of detention with other protection related incidents, five percent of those surveyed reported being kidnapped in Libya, mostly by smugglers and gangs
IOM estimates that 655,144 migrants currently reside in Libya. According to UNHCR, 8,794 of these individuals are refugees and 47,414 are asylum seekers. A majority originate from Sub Saharan Africa  ( 62 percent ) , while 30 percent hail from North Africa and eight percent from the Middle East and Asia.
Furthermore, 4,475 migrants are currently held in detention centersrun by authorities in Libya, out of which over 2,498 migrants detained in Tripoli and nearby areas are considered at high risk of being affected by the conflict
Among the 15,800 migrants interviewed by DTM enumerators in 2019, 78% reported to be employed, self employed or to be regularly performing incomegenerating activities through casual labor. The majority of employed migrants indicated sending remittances to their home countries; the average of reported remittances among surveyed migrants amounted to USD 160
The number of internally displaced persons  ( IDPs )  in Libya increased from approximately 268,600 people in June to more than 301,400 people in August, primarily due to ongoing conflict in and near Libya's capital of Tripoli, as well as heavy rains and resultant flooding between late May and early June in Ghat District. The violence in Tripoli has led to the death of at least 111 civilians and displaced more than 128,000 people since fighting began in early April.
An eruption of violence in and near Murzuq city, located approximately 480 miles south of Tripoli, resulted in at least 90 civilian deaths and displaced an additional 26,500 individuals in Libya in mid to late August, according to the International Organization for Migration  ( IOM ) .
The UN Children's Fund  ( UNICEF )  estimates that up to 500,000 children in Libya face increased protection risks as a result of the escalation of violence in Tripoli since April, including psychosocial stress and exposure to unexploded ordnance.
Ongoing clashes in the southern areas of Tripoli since early April had resulted in at least 111 civilian fatalities, nearly 300 civilians injured, and the displacement of more than 128,000 people as of mid August, relief actors report.
Conflict remains the primary driver of food insecurity in Libya, due to closures of roads and ports restricting delivery of commercial food imports, declining domestic food production, displacement, and disrupted markets. However, the Government of National Accord's decision to reduce foreign currency transaction fees in late July helped reduce the cost of imported food items countrywide and improved the ability of people living in areas with functioning markets to access food, particularly in western Libya, according to the REACH Initiative
HIGHLIGHTS • UN reports nearly 50 attacks on health care facilities and personnel since April • Outbreak of violence in Murzuq displaces nearly 26,500 individuals in August • Relief actors report increased humanitarian access constraints following ongoing Tripoli clashes
UN agencies and non governmental organizations  ( NGOs )  have called for the closure of detention facilities across Libya and the adoption of principled migration policies to protect nearly 3,000 refugees and migrants held in detention facilities near conflict affected areas. IOM also reports that continued airstrikes and shelling in areas inhabited by civilians continues to impact people in the detention centers. For example, airstrikes on July 2 hit Tripoli's Tajoura Detention Center, resulting in more than 50 fatalities and 130 injured, as well as damage to the detention facility, according to IOM.
Relief actors have reported increased humanitarian access constraints since clashes in and near Tripoli began in April, according to the UN. Insecurity is hindering relief agencies' ability to deliver assistance in the area. In addition, humanitarian organizations report difficulty obtaining or renewing NGO registrations and international staff visas due to complicated and opaque bureaucratic procedures.