nlp-thedeep/humsetbias huggingface dataset:
The Health Sector is also facing challenges due to the disruption of health services in conflict affected areas, following reports that the number of direct attacks on health care facilities have increased. Other health facilities are affected due to collateral damage, leaving portions of the population in Borno State with limited access to health care.
Given the lack of experienced staff on the ground at the field level in Borno State, coordination efforts, as well as the transfer of information back to Maiduguri, are weak. Several interviewees also voiced concern about the UN coordination mechanism's burdensome processes and the resulting delays.
In October, upstream flow of waters from the Cameroon highlands caused river Benue to overflow its banks and flooded riverine communities. Over 19,000 people were temporarily displaced from 149 communities across seven LGAs along the river banks. Despite the magnitude of this recent flooding, no death was recorded
Poor households with few assets tend to be more food insecure than better off household. In the face of shock and threats, households with lower levels of income and fewer assets are more likely to deploy extreme coping strategies to meet their basic food needs. The persistent use of such coping strategies might have severe, and oftentimes, irreversible impacts on food insecurity within the affected households.
The main challenges facing the Nutrition Sector is poor hygiene and sanitation conditions especially in host communities, disease outbreak e.g. Measles and influx of new arrival IDPs especially in Damboa, who arrive in poor nutritional status.
Financial services, both formal and informal, have been severely uprooted by the decade longcrisis in northeastern Nigeria. At the village level, many of these activities were dissolved as households were pushed off ancestral lands and forced to abandon livelihoods and traditional schemes like the adashe, an informal village savings club practiced for generations.
Only one respondent reported having no education. These education figures indicate that the respondents were more educated than those in Onokerhoraye  ( 2013 )  study, in which almost half of the returnees reported to have less than primary education.
On the community level, challenges were linked to lack of jobs and livelihood opportunities  ( 65.7% )  as well as insecurity  ( 28.9% ) . Though 38 per cent of the respondents suggested their community faced only one challenge, a lack of educational opportunities is also reported as a secondary challenge  ( 18.7% ) .
Yola South: 274 arrivals were recorded in Yola South LGA of Adamawa State. The arrivals include 20 from Bole Yolde Pate ward and were tracked at Makama “B' ward. Other arrivals include 228 from Limawa ward of Yola North LGA, 12 from Moda/Dlaka ward of Michika LGA, 8 from Girei I ward of Girei LGA and 6 from Kwarhi ward of Hong LGA. 98% of the new arrivals reported to have relocated voluntarily while 2% were due to poor living conditions.
An estimated 5.2 million persons are in critical need of protection. This includes: 1.81 million IDPs  ( 79 per cent of whom are women and children ) ; 1.64 million returnees  ( IDPs and refugees, of whom 54 per cent are female ) ; 823,000 civilians in inaccessible areas; and 0.9 million individuals from host communities.
With such high levels of displacement in 2018, more than 40 IDP sites across 12 LGAs in Borno State are in ‘high congestion' status resulting in many individuals having no access to shelter and forced to sleep in overcrowded spaces or outside. This leaves vulnerable groups not only more susceptible to disease, but also at heightened risk of protection concerns.
Cholera cases continue to be observed in Adamawa state, with a cumulative total of 665 cholera cases and 4 deaths  ( CFR 0.66% )  in 17 wards within 3 LGAs  ( Yola North, Yola South, and Girei ) . A number of LGAs in Borno, especially Maiduguri Metropolitan Area and Jere, have seen an increase in the number of cases of acute watery diarrhoea, though overall the number of cases and associated mortality remains significantly lower than during the outbreak last year.
Despite improvements in 2018, the food security and nutrition situation remains fragile in the north east. In Borno State, many affected populations remain dependent on assistance to meet their basic food needs – a situation stemming from ongoing hostilities and insecurity
The nearest healthcare centre, Babangida clinic was attacked in 2014 by insurgents. Since then, more than 23,000 inhabitants have difficulties accessing health care services.
A May assessment conducted by the Agency for Technical Cooperation and Development in Borno's Dikwa town found that camp congestion was blocking access to latrines and preventing populations from conducting desludging and other waste management activities, prompting many individuals to construct makeshift latrines inside their shelters a significant public health risk.
Vulnerable people, particularly female headed households and unmarried women and girls in inaccessible areas where the security perimeter is limited to LGA capital, are at higher risk of GBV. The lack of access to safety measures  ( including safe energy options )  and protective livelihood opportunities put these women at further risk.
POPULATION MOVEMENTS On 28 January, 167 individuals in 49 families were forcefully returned by the Cameroonian military from the border region of Kolofata, Cameroon into Banki, Borno State. UNHCR monitors on the ground reported that the new arrivals were screened by the Nigerian military. In mid January, more than 300 individuals were also returned to Banki, Nigeria from Kolofata in Cameroon by the military. During that time, UNHCR High Commissioner for Refugees Filippo Grandi in a statement described the action as totally unexpected and expressed concerns about how the forced returns were putting the lives of thousands of refugees at further risk.
Some activities like rearing animals including cattle  ( close to houses and within communities )  are also taken on by women and girls as men and boys cannot access pasturelands36 Even if husbands and fathers are present, they are no more able to provide for families, forcing women to find new ways of earning incomes, including through negative coping mechanisms  ( child labour, forced and child marriage, street begging, borrowing, forced prostitution, transactional sex in exchange for food or other assistance, etc ) . Few of the men have mentioned to be also involved in domestic work like collecting firewood and water fetching alongside boys and women. But, the majority of them spend much of their time idly hanging outside all day or playing games, while women continue fulfilling their domestic tasks with the support of their daughters at home37. The women's workload is large and it could be very difficult for them to balance their multiple roles  ( productive, reproductive and community  ) . Women's and girls' traditional role as caregivers is also challenged by the conflict, as they continue to be forced to participate in insurgency operations as spies and carriers of person borne improvised explosive devices  ( PBIEDs )  etc
In neighbouring Adamawa State, more than 100,000 people are also affected by severe flooding across seven Local Government Areas since 27 October, following torrential rainfall and overflow of water from the Niger and Benue rivers.
As troops of the Multi National Joint Task Force  ( MNJTF )  engaged Non State Armed Groups  ( NSAGs )  to re establish control of Rann and Baga in Borno during the last two weeks, civilians fled to Maiduguri and other areas in the state for their safety. The growing number of recently displaced is increasing pressure on the receiving centres which already have limited or non existent facilities and services. By the middle of January, nearly 30,000 new arrivals had been recorded in camps near Maiduguri, the state capital, all in dire need of humanitarian assistance while more than 9,000 people were forced across the border to Cameroon as a result of the January Rann attacks.
 In North East Nigeria, the general security situation remains largely volatile and prone to rapid deterioration, largely due to the recent changes: The withdrawal of security forces in immediate positions left many communities vulnerable and raised the risk level on road travel. This change correlates with an upsurge in Non State Armed Groups  ( NSAG )  attacks, which have caused fresh displacement.
Similarly, the Famine Early Warning Systems Network  ( FEWS NET )  projects that Crisis IPC 3 and Emergency  IPC 4 levels of acute food insecurity will persist through September in much of Borno, as well as parts of Adamawa and Yobe, as conflict continues to disrupt livelihoods activities
The exercise, which will inform preparedness activities in Adamawa, Borno, and Yobe, identified more than 40 IDP camps hosting approximately 138,000 IDPs as high risk areas. To mitigate the humanitarian impacts of flooding during the rainy season, relief actors plan to pre position emergency relief commodities, reinforce and repair temporary shelters, construct additional shelters, and distribute flood mitigation tools including sand bags, shovels, and wheelbarrows in 21 of the most at risk LGAs in northeastern Nigeria in the coming weeks.
Many vulnerable people in the region depend on humanitarian assistance, market purchases, or support from host communities to meet their daily food needs; in some areas, ongoing and planned distributions of assistance are sustaining Stressed IPC 2 levels of acute food insecurity and preventing Crisis outcomes. However, populations living in areas relief actors are unable to reach are likely experiencing similar or worse food security conditions compared to outcomes in neighboring accessible areas.
Ngala: 325 arrivals were recorded in Ngala LGA of Borno state. These include 304 arrivals from Marwa in Cameroon and 21 arrivals from Mashamari ward of Jere LGA. All the new arrivals reported to have relocated due to poor living condi�ons.
Leading cause of morbidity and mortality in week 4: Malaria  ( suspected n= 6,930 and confirmed n= 3,914 )  was the leading cause of morbidity reported through EWARS, accounting for 32% of reported cases while maternal death accounted for 33% of reported deaths.
Boko Haram killed 10 people in three separate attacks in northeast Nigeria, in the latest violence against civilians in the restive region, local militia said Wednesday.
The results also include 140 children from neighbouring Cameroon, Chad and Republic of Niger  ( 17 moved to Bama, 33 to Gwoza, 8 to Mobbar while 82 moved to Ngala ) . Out of the 140 children measured, 3 were in the red category, 122 were in the green category and 15 children were in the yellow category. All children found with severe acute malnutri�on have been admi�ed for treatment.
As per the recent displacements of 9,432 individuals as of 21   27 May 2019 from Sabon Gari community to Damboa town. A total number of 142 households  ( 710 individuals )  are hosted in Unity camp phase 2, and 156 households  ( 717 individuals )  are accommodated in classrooms at GSS Damboa  ( SSS Quarters ) . The rest of the displaced population or 8,005 individuals including the vulnerable groups were staying in the open areas without shelter by GSS Damboa  ( SSS Quarters ) .
On Tuesday, four loggers were killed when they stepped on a landmine left by the jihadists near Dikwa, 90 kilometres  ( 55 miles )  east of the Borno state capital, Maiduguri.
In recent years, the Lake Chad region has become the setting of the world's most complex humanitarian disaster, devastated by converging scourges of climate change, violent extremism, food insecurity, population explosion, disease, poverty, weak statehood and corruption.
Overall in the state, 87% of households were found to be in need of health assistance and 27% of households were also found to include vulnerable members, meaning that almost one third of households in need of health assistance were also deemed vulnerable. IDP households reported the highest in need / vulnerable ratio, with more than 58% of households in need of health assistance also being vulnerable. This is likely to be linked to the higher tendency of displaced households to include vulnerable members.
Toungo and Gombi were the second and third most in need LGAs both located in Southern Adamawa 94% of households in Toungo and 92% of households in Gombi were in need of health support. Gombi had the highest severity of its health needs with a score of 5.9, the highest in Southern Adamawa. Conversely, Toungo LGA while hosting the highest proportion of households in need of health support in Southern Adamawa had an average severity score similar to most other LGAs with 5.5.
The Inter Sector Working Group continued to develop and strongly advocate for resources for the Rainy Season Contingency Plan and new displacements as a result of ongoing military operations. Ahead of the rainy season, key priorities include: prepositioning food assistance, mitigating potential health risks and disease outbreaks, reducing flooding and water build up in camps with proper drainage systems, and the provision of shelter assistance especially for internally displaced people who are sleeping out in the opening.
In total, 21,149 children under the age of five were admitted for the management of severe acute malnutrition  ( SAM )  without medical complications across out patient therapeutic  ( OTP )  sites. Some 1,332 children were treated for SAM with medical complications in 33 in patient stabilisation centres, while management of moderate acute malnutrition  ( MAM )  reached 1,517 children between the ages of 24 and 59 months.
To prepare for the upcoming rainy season, the sector worked on a Rainy Season Contingency Plan with an assessment of flood prone camps and host communities, which identified 71 camps to be at a high risk of flooding and a population of 300,000 individuals likely to be affected during the rainy season.
Reports of increasing number of direct attacks on health care facilities while some were affected due to collateral damages during the fighting, as a result in some areas health services are disrupted and population have no or limited access to health care.
Rann in Kala/Balge LGA of Borno State remained inaccessible to humanitarian actors. An estimated 30,000 Nigerian refugees returned to Rann from Cameroon at the end of February and need humanitarian assistance. Efforts to determine the safety and security of resuming operations in Rann are ongoing. Humanitarian partners are looking at potential contingencies should they resume operations in Rann, including measures to ensure safety and security of staff.
Since 2009, Northeastern Nigeria has been hit by a violent conflict which have led to continued large scale displacements, disruption of basic services, food insecurity, malnutrition, and protection issues. As a matter of fact, the extreme violence caused by non state armed groups  ( NSAGs )  has resulted in the forced displacement of several millions of civilians from their homes and total loss of their livelihoods.
According to the October 2018 Displacement Tracking Matrix  ( DTM ) 3 developed by the International Organization for Migration  ( IOM )  and the National Emergency Management Agency  ( NEMA ) , 2,026, 602 internally displaced persons  ( IDPs )  were identified in the six northeastern States. Women and children constitute 79 percent of IDPs. About 54 percent of IDPs are women, many of whom are heads of households living in crowded, culturally inappropriate conditions4
Various states in Nigeria have begun to experience high levels of rainfall. High rainfall can cause widespread flooding, and stagnant water can be a breeding ground for bacteria as well as mosquitoes. This also leads to increased transmission of communicable diseases such as cholera.
IDPs living in camps were two times more likely to be affected by food insecurity  ( moderate + severe )  compared to permanent residents who have never been displaced. Displacement primarily limits access to basic livelihood opportunities such as skilled employment which is often compounded by lack of skills and low level of literacy, which limits the capacity of IDPs to connect with local opportunities within areas of new habitation. This consequently forces them to engage in jobs that require less level of skills such as land clearing and manual labour
Overall, the top three priority needs across the assessed households in BAY states were food assistance  ( 26.2 percent ) , livelihood support  ( 25.8 percent )  and health and medical care  ( 13.8 percent ) , a trend which was consistent at the state level. Similar to the state level, food assistance, livelihood support and health and medical care were all found to be priority across all the domains.
Labor and income sources: In most areas outside the northeast and areas affected by the farmer/pastoralist conflicts, households are engaged in normal livelihood activities such as dry season farming, fishing, petty trading, construction work and other menial jobs to earn income, normally
Market supplies and household stock: Traders are evading such areas, limiting income opportunities. For example, in Gusau town, Zamfara state capital, Mada market remains non functional and is occupied by IDPs. Most markets in affected areas in Zamafara state according to FEWS NET field informants are only functioning at 25 to 50 percent level, compared to normal. Similarly, Magami and Wanke markets were functioning at 25 percent level relative to normal. The conflict has directly affected food flow and other services in the area, with an attendant negative flow of food items to Jibia and Mai'adua markets in Katsina state and the Giwa market in Kaduna state. Due to restricted market access and substantial low patronage in staples, food prices have also substantially declined in some markets, particularly in Birnin Gwari  ( Kaduna state )  – a major production area where over 20 villages have been displaced and population relocated to major urban settlements including Pandogari, and Kontagora in neighboring Niger state. Similarly, households have to sale own staples to available customers to earn income to purchase non food items and other essential needs. Traders from Dandume, Kuyello, Funtua and Kaduna are no longer patronizing the market. Production has substantially declined in Birnin Gwari as farmers from neighboring states such as Katsina, Zamfara, Kano and Sokoto are evading and abandoning their farms in the area.
Food access: The IDPs has limited purchasing power to buy available food commodities, further exacerbated by limited or no income source. However, average prices of key staples such as cowpea white compared to the previous month has increased by 35 percent, while local and imported rice prices were slightly stable. These increases were mostly related to transport cost associated with the unwillingness of some transporters and traders to commute the highly volatile trade routes for fear of attacks. Nonetheless, trading remains uninterrupted with traders having adequate stocks of maize, sorghum, beans, and groundnuts  ( peanut )  to meet any increase in demand. Humanitarian assistance remains accessible to most IDPs, however, there are new arrival households that have not yet received tokens to be eligible for receiving food assistance.
The number of internally displaced people prior to the new displacements was 96,747 IDPs  ( DTM round 26, January 2019 )  with some 20,788 people living in camps and the rest residing with the host community. Between 21 May and 6 June 2019, the town received some 10,362 new arrivals from Sabon Gari. These new arrivals were absorbed in the camps, increasing the camp population by 50 percent in just over two weeks and overstretching the humanitarian assistance and resources available.
Ongoing conflict between Government of Nigeria forces and armed opposition groups  ( AOGs )  in northeastern Nigeria's Borno State has resulted in widespread population displacement and acute humanitarian needs. As of May 2019, nearly 1.5 million internally displaced persons  ( IDPs )  sheltering in the state required emergency assistance, according to the International Organization for Migration.
Since most polio high risk states are located in the northern part of the country, the majority of the environmental surveillance sites were set up in the northern states with only five States  ( Anambra, Enugu, Lagos, Osun and Rivers )  in the southern part of the country having operational sites. However, following the present poliovirus epidemiology and feedback from collaborating partners, there have been calls for more concerted efforts to strengthen surveillance in the southern and adjoining states,' he adds.
Approximately 3 million people in Adamawa, Borno, and Yobe will face Crisis  ( Phase 3 )  or Emergency  ( Phase 4 )  levels of acute food insecurity and require urgent food assistance between June and August 2019, according to preliminary results from a June Cadre Harmonisé  ( CH )  analysis.
The total number of cases reported as at 2nd August, 2019 stands at 501, with 4 deaths  ( CFR=0.79 % ) , Yola North has 300 cases with 2 deaths  ( CFR= 0.67 % ) ; Girei has 150 cases with 1 death  ( CFR= 0.67 % ) , Yola South has 50 cases with 1 death  ( CFR= 2.0 % )  and Song has 1 case with 0 death  ( CFR= 0 % ) . So far, 149 samples yielded growth suggestive of Vibrio cholerae on culture and results of 7 isolates from the reference laboratory revealed 01 serotype
Suspected Measles: Two hundred and forty four  ( 244 )  suspected measles cases were reported through EWARS in week 4. Of the reported cases, 93 were from Herwa Peace PHC and PUI mobile clinics in MMC, 31 were from INTERSOS Health Facility in Bama, 12 were from Dala clinic in Jere, 11 were from State Specialist Hospital in MMC, 8 were from GSSSS IDP camp clinic in Bama. Fifteen additional cases were reported through IDSR* from Jere  ( 5 ) , Monguno  ( 5 ) , Gwoza  ( 3 ) , and MMC  ( 2 )  LGAs making a total of 259 suspected measles cases. No associated death was reported.
In the course of investigation, it was discovered that between May 1 and August 7, 2019, there had been cases that fit into the case definition for Yellow fever and 20 deaths in Izzi LGA, Ebonyi State, indicating that the outbreak may have been going on for a few months undetected by local health authorities. It was too late to collect samples for confirmation from these cases.
Poor living conditions, with little sanitation and a lack of safe drinking water are putting displaced people in Monguno at risk of pneumonia, diarrhoea and malaria, among other preventable diseases. With few latrines, most people use open defecation areas, which are likely to flood in the rainy season, worsening the health conditions.
Coping strategies developed by refugee communities to minimize the risks highlighted above include: payment of bribes/tips to security agents at check points in order to avoid arrest and detention by Immigration or Police; engaging in menial jobs for their daily survival while awaiting registration by the government and UNHCR; embarking on late travels  ( mostly in the evenings )  when check points are closed in order to avoid arrest, detention or payment of tips/bribes; sharing of relief supplies with relatives and friends who are yet to be registered in order to access services; resorting to traditional healers when sick due to lack of documentation or money to access health care facilities
One of the harsh outcomes of the Boko Haram insurgency in the Nigeria's northeast is the overburdening of internally displaced persons' camps in the region and beyond. As a result of the continued onslaught on communities, survivors of Boko Haram rampage often seek refuge in camps, abandoning their ancestral homes, means of livelihoods and properties in the quest for survival. According to UNHCR, about2 millionpeople have been displaced since the decade long carnage.
More than 180,000 people are currently in need of shelter in Borno State with many sleeping in the open or in deplorable makeshift homes. As the rainy seasons gets underway, fears of another deadly outbreak of cholera are looming. Last year, 10,000 cholera cases were confirmed along with 175 recorded deaths, although the real figure is likely to have been much higher.
The humanitarian crisis in north east Nigeria is one of the most severe in the world – and is first and foremost a protection crisis. Since the start of the conflict in 2009, more than 27,000 people have been killed. Women, men and children face grave violations of human rights and international humanitarian law every day.
According to the October 2018 Displacement Tracking Matrix  ( DTM ) 3 developed by the International Organization for Migration  ( IOM )  and the National Emergency Management Agency  ( NEMA ) , 2,026, 602 internally displaced persons  ( IDPs )  were identified in the six northeastern States. Women and children constitute 79 percent of IDPs. About 54 percent of IDPs are women, many of whom are heads of households living in crowded, culturally inappropriate conditions4.
Between 08 – 12 April there were population displacements in Fotokol due to frequent attacks. Some 420 persons from Nigue, 586 from Wangaram and 241 from Barawadji were forced to leave due to a fear of more attacks. This population moved towards Fotokol Centre while those from Nigue and Barawaldi moved to the IDP camps in Dega and Minimarie, about 5 kilometres away from Fotokol. The main needs of the population include shelter and nutrition. On 22 April, another attack by the group in Magam Kotoko in Fotokol Sub Division resulted in the displacement of 548 persons to the localities of Biamo, Krenak, and Messio.
Some 88 civilians were killed in Diffa in March alone. On the night of the 09th April, four members of Boko Haram strapped with suicide vests, infiltrated the town of Diffa and carried out an attack. In separate incidents on 26 April, Boko Haram affiliates attacked the Médecins Sans Frontières  ( MSF )  compound in Maine soroa. As a result of all these incidents, the return of some refugees from Diffa to Damaska and Maiduguri in Nigeria has also been reported and is being closely monitored.
Malaria remains a leading cause of poor health in Nigeria. According to the 2018 WHO Malaria Report, 53 million cases are recorded annually in Nigeria, roughly 1 in 4 persons is infected with malaria contributing 25% of the global burden.
According to EWARS report of week 30, report from 223 site including 32 IDP camps showed that malaria was the leading cause of morbidity and mortality accounting for 35% of cases and 46% of reported death. In addition, results from the Nigeria Humanitarian Response Strategy  ( NHRS 2019 2021 )  indicate 7.1 million people are in dire need of healthcare and 6.2million are targeted for immediate attention.
An exhaustive nutrition screening using mid upper arm circumference  ( MUAC )  and Oedema for acute malnutrition was conducted by Sector partners for 62 children of 6 59 months. Of the 62 children screened, the MUAC reading was 2 children  ( accessible areas )  in the Red category, 8 were in the Yellow category and 52 were measured in the Green category. No case of Oedema was reported in the 4 LGAs that we received reports from
The decade long conflict in northeastern Nigeria has seen thousands of people displaced within their own country and into neighbouring countries. The disruption and chaos have left nearly two million people dependent on humanitarian assistance for their survival.
Ninety one  ( 91 )  cases with one  ( 1 )  death  ( CFR is 1.1% )  recorded in 3 LGAs. o Adamawa State Government officially declared cholera outbreak following 8 culture positive which PCR implicated 01 serotype. o Response activities are yet to fully pick up.
There were 71 suspected cases of Lassa fever reported from 19 LGAs in 10 States  ( Edo – 30, Ondo – 10, Bauchi   4, Ebonyi – 16, Plateau – 4, Kogi – 1, Enugu – 1, Delta – 1, Kebbi – 1 & Taraba – 3 ) . Six were laboratory confirmed and no death was recorded.
Movements of displaced populations took place within state boundaries, between states and across the international border to the neighboring country of the Niger. Affected populations, and vulnerable women and children, are in urgent need of humanitarian assistance
Nigeria, despite its middle income status, the incidence of poverty is high compared to its neighbors, where almost four out of ten people live below the poverty line. The country is highly vulnerable to climate change and is classified as one of the ten most vulnerable countries in the world, according to the 2017 Climate Change Vulnerability Index.
The total number of cases reported as at 31st July, 2019 stands at 457, with 4 deaths  ( CFR=0.87 % ) . Yola North has 276 cases with 2 deaths  ( CFR= 0.72 % ) ; Girei has 141 cases with 1 death  ( CFR= 0.71 % )  Yola South has 39 cases with 1 death  ( CFR= 2.56 % )  and Song has 1 case with 0 death  ( CFR= 0 % ) . So far, 149 samples yielded growth suggestive of Vibrio cholerae on culture and results of 7 isolates from the reference laboratory revealed 01 serotype.
At the end of Epi week 3 2019, Nigeria had recorded a total of 136 confirmed cases of Lassa fever and 31 deaths, with a case fatality rate  ( CFR )  of 22.8%. With this, the country has exceeded the emergency threshold for Lassa fever. Consequently, the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control  ( NCDC )  activated the Lassa fever Emergency Operations Centre  ( LF EOC )  as part of its operational National incident management system for outbreak response and coordination.
In 2019, 7.1 million people are in need of humanitarian assistance in Borno, Adamawa and Yobe  ( BAY )  states in Nigeria's north east, including 1.8 million internally displaced people and more than 800,000 women, children and men living in inaccessible areas. The crisis, in its tenth year, has largely been triggered by a regionalized armed conflict and is first and foremost a protection crisis. Civilians continue to bear the brunt of a conflict that has led to widespread forced displacement and violations of international humanitarian and human rights law. Since the start of the conflict, more than 27,000 people have been killed in the BAY states and thousands of women and girls have been abducted.
Abuja, 8 February 2019 – The United Nations Humanitarian Coordinator in Nigeria, Mr. Edward Kallon, has expressed his sympathy for the thousands of Nigerians affected by a fire outbreak in a camp for internally displaced people in Monguno town, in northern Borno State. The fire, that started in a family cooking area in front of a shelter made of straw, bamboo and plastic sheeting, swept through Stadium Camp, burning down more than 900 temporary shelters and claiming the lives of at least three people, including two children and one elderly woman. Nearly 8,000 displaced people in the camp – who have been living in extremely overcrowded conditions – are affected, scrambling to find shelter and forced to sleep out in the open. The blaze destroyed most of their belongings, household items, and food, leaving a majority of the camp's population in dire need of humanitarian assistance
A victim and former detainee explained that while the soldiers did not use physical force to make women have sexual relationships with them, it was not possible to refuse sex due to their circumstances. One woman told us she had a soldier “boyfriend' to survive her time in detention and access additional food. She said she knew of others.
Humanitarian needs remain particularly high among people who have returned to Rann, where aid workers remained unable to provide emergency assistance to a highly vulnerable population, and in Monguno and Maiduguri's Teachers Village, where an estimated 25,000 people are still sleeping under open skies.
Following the latest violence on 27 January, the majority of Rann's population again crossed the border and is now sheltering in the Cameroonian town of Goura  ( Far North Region ) , where humanitarian partners in Cameroon are providing emergency assistance.
During the reporting period, a total of 11,627 children with severe acute malnutrition  ( SAM )  were admitted for treatment2 in 584 UNICEF supported treatment facilities in the three northeast states.
Health & WASH While humanitarian partners have scaled up the health response with an additional three health facilities, some health services are not available  ( for example to treat chronic illnesses or pregnancies with complications )  and IDPs are referred to clinics or other health centres outside of the camp. Additional latrines and showers, as well as lighting for the latrines and showers, are needed. Waste management also needs to be scaled up.
"Every week, people continue to flee violence and insecurity in northeast Nigeria. Many settle along the roadside or on empty strips of land, devoid of proper sanitation and water points," says Eric Batonon, Country Director at the Norwegian Refugee Council  ( NRC )  in Nigeria.
The conflict in northeast Nigeria has had devastating effects on food security, livelihoods and protection. Millions of people have been driven from their homes and access to agricultural lands and assets have been hampered, creating massive humanitarian needs in the area. The conflict has spilled over to neighbouring countries, more specifically Cameroon, Chad and Niger.
As of 28 May, humanitarian partners have registered 9,693 individuals  ( 2,071 households )  new arrivals. Due to limited space and shelters, only about 1,427 of the populations are hosted in the camps: 710  ( 142 households )  at the Unity Camp Phase 2, and 717  ( 156 households )  in classrooms at the GSSS. Others, including over 8,000 people, mostly women and children, are currently sleeping in the open without shelters and exposed to harsh weather conditions and protection risks. Two transit shades and temporary shelters have been completed by partners, while efforts are being intensified to complete construction of WASH facilities at the nearby Technical Secondary School  ( TSS )  where some of the populations currently without shelters will be moved, following military approval.
Separate toilets for male and female IDPs were available in only 6 per cent  ( up from 5% )  of sites; There was a 4% increase in Borno Borno state. In Yobe, 4 per cent of sites had separate toilets for men and women  ( down 1% ) . Toilets lock from inside in 34  ( up from 13% )  per cent of sites.
The total number of cases reported as at 26th July, 2019 stands at 404, with 4 deaths  ( CFR=0.99 % ) . Yola North has 237 cases with 2 deaths  ( CFR= 0.84 % ) ; Girei has 132 cases with 1 death  ( CFR= 0.74 % )  Yola South has 31 cases with 1 death  ( CFR= 3.23 % )  and Song has 1 case with 0 death  ( CFR= 0% ) . So far, 149 samples yielded growth suggestive of Vibrio cholerae on culture and results of 7 isolates from the reference laboratory revealed 01 serotype.
Open defecation was observed in 53 per cent  ( up by 47% )  of sites and functioning drainage systems were evident in 25 per cent up by 5%
In camps and camp like settings, access to food was on site in 75 per cent  ( down from 85% )  of sites and off site in 12 per cent of sites. But there were no food provisions in 13 per cent of sites assessed.
Suspected Boko Haram jihadists have overrun a military base and looted a nearby town in northeast Nigeria, security sources and residents said Tuesday, the latest such attack in the restive region.
In the last four months, the increased level of hostilities resulted in massive displacement. More than 700 000 people are living in overcrowded camp like settings in Borno State, significantly increasing the risk of epidemics and infectious diseases. Additional space is critically required to accommodate 90 000 displaced people to ensure safe and healthy leaving conditions.
Yobe is one of three states mostly affected by the current humanitarian emergencies in north east Nigeria. More than two thirds of health facilities in the state are partially or not functioning leading to weakened healthcare service delivery, according to WHO health resources availability mapping system  ( HeRAMS )  and malaria burden in 2018 was 70% among vulnerable populations that include children under five and pregnant women.
Displaced persons within Greater Maiduguri and surrounding areas, particularly those in camps, remain accessible to humanitarian actors and are primarily dependent on humanitarian food assistance and limited income earning opportunities. The protracted conflict is now occurring in a fewer number of areas compared to previous years; however, the frequency and intensity of attacks remains high.
Regular access to medicine was observed in 72 per cent of sites  ( same as in last round of assessment ) ,however, in Borno, this was higher as 89% reported regular access. In 99 per cent of sites where IDPs were living with host communities, there was access to health facilities was observed.
1,764  ( 84% )  sites hosting 165,562 families, have indicated the need for various shelter items. Among them, 455 sites hosting 47,652 households reported timber/wood as the main need, followed by roofing sheets in 430 sites hosting 29,382 households. The third most needed shelter item is tarpaulin in 388 sites hosting 56,159 households. 338 sites hosting 45,598 households had no shelter items needed at the time of the assessment.
In 96 per cent of sites, no incident of GBV was reported. Much like the situation in camps and camp like settings, domestic violence was the main type of incident reported amongst the sites in which incidents of GBV were reported. No case of physical violence was reported in 92 per cent of sites  ( up from 88% ) . Child labor or forced begging was reported in 4 per cent of sites. Ninety four per cent of sites did not report any child protection incidents
The total number of cases reported as at 21st August, 2019 stands at 665, with 4 deaths  ( CFR=0.60 % ) , Yola North has 410 cases with 2 deaths  ( CFR= 0.49 % ) ; Girei has 172 cases with 1 death  ( CFR= 0.58 % ) , Yola South has 79 cases with 1 death  ( CFR= 1.27 % )  and Song has 1 case with 0 death  ( CFR= 0 % ) . So far, 149 samples yielded growth suggestive of Vibrio cholerae on culture and results of 7 isolates from the reference laboratory revealed 01 serotype.
The total number of cases reported as at 16th August, 2019 stands at 633, with 4 deaths  ( CFR=0.63 % ) , Yola North has 389 cases with 2 deaths  ( CFR= 0.51 % ) ; Girei has 169 cases with 1 death  ( CFR= 0.59 % ) , Yola South has 74 cases with 1 death  ( CFR= 1.35 % )  and Song has 1 case with 0 death  ( CFR= 0 % ) . So far, 149 samples yielded growth suggestive of Vibrio cholerae on culture and results of 7 isolates from the reference laboratory revealed 01 serotype.
One of the crisis' main issue is the dispute between herders and farmers. Transhumant cattle rearers and raisers and sedentary farmers historically cohabitated in the region, with transhumant herders accompanying cattle along transhumance corridors, cutting through farmland, in search of water points and land to graze. In recent years, as water sources and land to graze have declined, transhumance routes increasingly encroached on farmland, raising tensions between herders and farmers and often leading to violent clashes.
The analysis is particularly concerning for Northeast Nigeria, where close to 3 million people are in a critical food insecurity situation, representing a 72% increase since last year, while more than 3.8 million people are expected to be food insecure during next lean season. The situation is likely worse, given that 4 local government areas  ( with an estimated population of 164,000 people )  were not analysed, and close to one million people living in Borno State could not be adequately accounted for due to lack of humanitarian access. According to FewsNet, some populations in these areas do not have access to humanitarian assistance, to income opportunities or to medical services and may be at risk of famine.
The crisis in North Central and North West is multifaceted, involving conflict between e thnic and language groups, tensions between transhumant and nomadic herders and sedentary farmers, as well as attacks by criminal groups on local populations and banditry, such as kidnapping and grand larceny along major highways. These security incidents often cross cut inter religious tensions, in particular in North Central, and specifically in Plateau state. The crisis continues to displace populations on a regular basis in the states of Benue, Nasarawa and Plateau  ( North Central )  and Kaduna, Kano, Sokoto, Katsina and Zamfara  ( North West ) .
The majority of displacements  ( 63% )  occurred in 2018 and 2019, with the largest groups of IDPs  ( 38% )  being displaced in 2019. This is a significant evolution from the previous round, during which the primary year of displacement had been 2018. This shift indicates that while the crisis intensified and attacks grew in 2018, the crisis has deepened, attacks and tensions have multiplied and displacement has worsened in 2019. It is interesting to note that a large share of IDPs  ( 18% )  were displaced prior to 2015, during the period when the current crisis first began.
In Nasarawa state, communal clashes have led to the displacement of thousands of people. Nasarawa also experienced an inflow of IDPs from Benue state. It currently hosts 20,320 IDPs, representing 4 per cent of total IDPs in North Central and North West. Half of IDPs in the state are concentrated in Karu  ( 5,719 )  and Lafia  ( 4,490 )  LGAs
Nevertheless, displacement was not necessarily localized: 47 per cent of IDPs were displaced within the limits of their state of origin, with the remaining 53 per cent having been displaced beyond the confines of their state.
Access to food improved in Benue state  ( food was accessible in 63% of camps, compared to 25% of camps during Round 1 )  but worsened in Katsina  ( whereas food had been found in all camps in the state during Round 1, this was only the case for 63 per cent of camps as per Round 2 assessments ) .
DTM assessments conducted in North Central and North West Nigeria showed that the largest share of IDPs  ( 29% )  originated from Benue state, while the second, third and fourth most common state of origin of IDPs were Plateau  ( 17% ) , Zamfara  ( 12% )  and Katsina  ( 12% ) . These were also the states hosting the largest numbers of IDPs, signifying that displacement is mostly localized within each state.
Herdsmen attack on 23 November 2019 have led to the displacement of some residents of Kala'a, Shuwa Kala'a, Zigayerima, Mambula, Kokuwa, Milna and Dilwachira communities all in the Bangshika ward of Hong Local Government Area  ( LGA )  in the northeastern state of Adamawa. An estimated 4,392 individuals  ( 623 households )  were affected, with 10 casualties recorded and over 25 women and children missing.
In 2020, the Nutrition Sector is 915,620 children under five, pregnant and lactating women affected by the conflict or vulnerable and require nutrition services prioritized. The focus of the Enhanced HNO is on lifesaving interventions and on the unmet needs.
There were 22 reported attacks by NSAGs, 19  ( 83% )  of which targeted government forces and forward operating bases, while the rest targeted civilian convoys along major roads. Bama and Gubio had the highest frequency of attacks against government forces for the month of September. Meanwhile, major roads such as the Dikwa Ngala road, Konduga Bama, Gajiram Gajigana road came under attack as well, with the Konduga Bama road being the most affected. This is further contributing to an increasingly volatile operating environment that is impacting the security of humanitarian activities, with significant consequences on planning for continuity and sustainability.
Road closures and restriction of movements. The frequent road closures and increased restrictions by the military on movement of humanitarian cargo by road is affecting the timely delivery of much needed lifesaving assistance. The frequent closure of Gajiram Gajigana road is negatively impacting the movement of needed humanitarian supplies. The security challenges along the axis have forced most humanitarian partners to either stop humanitarian operations or limit their activities to a maximum of three hours per working day in these locations. Access by people in need in these areas to humanitarian aid have been significantly limited as a result.
Fluid security situation. The worsening security situation affecting safety of road movements is significantly hampering humanitarian operations. The regular transport of humanitarian supplies and water trucking along Pulka Gwoza road has been continuously hampered by the volatile security situation along the axis. This means that planning for such activities will have to be constantly flexible to take advantage of safe windows that may become available; this may have some cost implications though as a result of having multiple options in place.
At least 10% of households in all three population groups reported tensions between IDPs and host communities  ( which may include returnees and/or non displaced ) . This reinforces the need for broad humanitarian responses focusing on all three population groups, according to their specific needs and vulnerabilities, as humanitarian aid itself can become a catalyser of intercommunal tensions.
These seasonal impacts also triggered secondary displacements, and humanitarians responded by relocating families, providing urgent shelter, WASH, and health services, as well as pumping out excess water from flooded camps and providing sandbags. A total of 75 camps across 13 locations were affected by the heavy winds and floods. While the rainy season is expected to subside in the coming months, humanitarians are prioritizing mitigation measures to prevent further damages and the outbreak of water borne disease such as cholera.
The ongoing conflict, continues to trigger displacements, deepening humanitarian needs and protection related issues. In August, a total of 4,021 new displacements were recorded across 31 locations in BAY states. Incidents involving explosive devices claimed the lives of 16 civilians and injured 15 others. Moreover, two women wearing person borne explosive devices  ( PBIEDs )  detonated their vests while targeting civilians in two events injuring four men.
Humanitarian food assistance declined from July to September 2019 across Borno, Adamawa and Yobe states and food assistance provisions in September 2019 are 36 percent lower than at the same time last year. Recent IOM report reveals a five percent increase in the displaced population and food assistance needs remain elevated at about 73 percent since the previous year. Combined with restricted livelihood opportunities, populations in conflict affected areas of the northeast are facing Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  and Emergency  ( IPC Phase 4 )  outcomes. Population in inaccessible areas are likely facing similar or worse outcomes relative to adjoining accessible areas.
The most recent IOM ETT report covering November 4 to 10 revealed a total of 1,626 population movements within the period, which were composed of 1,264 arrivals and 362 departures from and to various locations in the northeast. Arrivals consisted of 233 persons in Ngala, 128 persons in Askira, and 116 individuals in Bama LGA, in Borno state. 108 others arrived in Ganye LGA of Adamawa state. At least 100 refugees mainly from Cameroon and Niger also arrived Nigeria within the same period. Most of these arrivals are due mainly to poor living conditions, improved security and voluntary relocations.
Armed banditry and kidnapping in Katsina, Sokoto and Zamfara states, as well as communal conflict in the central states  ( Plateau, Benue, Nasarawa, Niger, Kaduna and Taraba )  persist. Recent attacks by bandits in parts of Gumi and Gusau LGAs of Zamfara state on November 17 and 18 led to the displacement of over 6,400 persons, 14 casualties, and destruction of shelters and properties. As a result, affected households in worse affected areas of these states are experiencing Stressed  ( IPC Phase 2 ) .
The number of children whose births are officially registered has increased significantly in Nigeria from 30 per cent in 2013 to 43 per cent in 2018 by integrating birth registration into health services. Still, about 17 million children under 5, or 1 in 5, remain unregistered, according to a new report on global birth registration released by UNICEF.