nlp-thedeep/humsetbias huggingface dataset:
So far in 2018, UNHCR implemented 86 quick impact projects  ( QIPs )  across Libya. In Tripoli, UNHCR and its partner Danish Refugee Council undertook a sanitation and hygiene  ( WASH )  intervention to clean up grey water and solid waste. The project will contribute to the public health of a neighbourhood that is currently hosting internally displaced persons  ( IDPs ) . QIPs promote peaceful coexistence and strengthen the resilience of IDPs and their host communities.
Approximately 250 households were displaced to Alkhums from Ain Zara and Abusliem. The majority of displaced households have returned to their baladiyas of origin; 53 families still remain displaced in Alkhums due to damage to their properties.
During the course of the week, UNHCR implemented a series of Quick Impact Projects in coordination with municipalities and partners to support IDPs and host communities. UNHCR delivered computers, electric generators, solar street lights and material for waste management to local authorities in Tripoli and in the cities of Azzawiya, Surman, Sabratha, and Zwara. Similar items were delivered to communities in the Nafusa Mountains  ( Zintan, Rajban and Awiniya ) . These communities have received many returnees in the past months and continue to be in need of support to access basic services.
UNHCR continues to enhance its humanitarian assistance for internally displaced persons  ( IDPs )  and returnee communities across Libya. During the past week, UNHCR conducted four visits to three IDP settlements in Tripoli, including visits to displaced Tawerghans. The most pressing needs for the majority of IDPs are the lack of appropriate shelter, access to health facilities, education, water and electricity.
UNHCR continues to identify and process vulnerable refugees for durable solutions. Since September 2017, UNHCR identified, processed and submitted 388 individuals for potential resettlement to third countries. Currently, over 76% of them are waiting in Libya for their interview or for a decision by the resettlement country. On 22 March, a family of four was resettled directly from Libya to Sweden.
Inadequate access to clean drinking water and food is likely to delay or prevent people from recovering and may instead exacerbate their medical conditions.
Although around 300 refugees and migrants held in Ain Zara detention centre who were in clear danger of getting caught in hostilities were “evacuated' by international agencies last week, they were not taken out of Libya but relocated several kilometres away to the Abu Salim detention centre in Tripoli, which also fell into the line of fire.
UNHCR reported an increasing number of Libyans joining mixed migratory movements en route to Europe. In 2017, 1,234 Libyan nationals  ( including 216 unaccompanied and separated children )  arrived in Italy by sea. Despite a 34% decrease in overall sea arrivals in Italy in 2017, Libyans reaching Italian shores in 2017 increased by 39%, compared to 2016
More schools are being used to shelter displaced families, which is likely to delay the start of the school year planned for 3 October.
The three most reported ways in which refugees and migrants were impacted were  ( 1 )  through the poor exchange rate on the parallel market and subsequent lower amount of money individuals could save in hard currency  ( in US Dollars ) ;  ( 2 )  the heightened risk of robbery and kidnapping resulting from the overall more limited availability of cash in Libya and  ( 3 )  the rising risk of being paid less or not paid at all for one's work
UNHCR partner International Medical Corps was present at al Khums disembarkation point and provided basic aid and medical assistance. A total of 195 men, 36 women and 45 children were disembarked and two bodies were recovered during the coast guard operation.
UNHCR continues to support internally displaced families who fled their homes as a result of recent clashes in Tripoli. During the reporting period, UNHCR distributed CRIs  ( sleeping mats, sanitary kits, diapers, kitchen sets )  and water to 45 displaced families in Zawiya. In Benghazi, UNHCR's partner LibAid distributed CRIs to 641 families  ( 4,627 individuals ) .
At UNHCR's Community Day Centres  ( CDCs ) , UNHCR and its partners IMC and CESVI continue to provide non food items  ( NFIs ) , primary health care, psychological support and cash assistance to refugees and asylum seekers in Tripoli. So far in 2018, UNHCR and its partners provided 5,711 primary health care consultations and 967 medical referrals at the CDCs. UNHCR also distributed NFIs to some 6,000 refugees and asylum seekers and provided cash assistance to more than 1,000 families  ( 2,284 individuals ) .
UNHCR and its partner LibAid are distributing core relief items to internally displaced persons  ( IDPs )  and returnees in Northern Benghazi. UNHCR is targeting 980 returnee families  ( 5,400 individuals )  currently living in the city. UNHCR also implemented quick impact projects, such as a provision of water pumps.
The vast majority of people currently in the detention centres have been intercepted at sea and returned to Libya. Such polices have exacerbated the already poor and overcrowded living conditions in Tripoli's detention centres. The situation has deteriorated over the past few months as limited access to clean water, sanitation and healthcare has led to increased physical and mental health consequences.
As part of a joint humanitarian response coordinated between the UN agencies and international organizations,UNHCR distributedcore relief items including 500 blankets in Abu Slim detention centre, while IOM provided mattresses, food and beverages to more than 400 migrants, including 322 evacuated from other unsafe locations. MSF teams are conducting medical consultations, as well as providing food, water and nutritional supplements to people still in detention centres.
In April 2018, IOM identified 179,400 internally displaced persons  ( IDPs )  along with 690,351 migrants within the country. Despite the current circumstances, Libya continues to be the main transit and destination point for migrants looking to a better life in Europe. Access the latest IOM Displacement Tracking Matrix  ( DTM )  figures for Libyahere.
Shortages of subsidised LPG in official shops have led to a growing parallel market. The median LPG on the parallel market, 11.00 LYD per 11 kg, was almost three times higher than that observed in subsidised official shops  ( 4.00 LYD ) , with some parallel market traders charging as much as 85 LYD per 11 kg.
Derna's main hospital is reporting severe shortages of medical supplies; medical professionals have informed Amnesty International that their ability to provide help beyond lifesaving is strained and at this rate, even that will not be possible soon if they do not receive the much needed medical assistance.
Last year, a similar program was undertaken by QRCS to support three main health centers in south Libya with medical equipment and consumables, solar systems, and contracted physicians to provide primary health care services.
Seven of the survivors required treatment for serious gunshot wounds and broken bones in Bani Walid General Hospital, while 18 received first aid for minor injuries.
During the reporting period, the humanitarian and security situation remained volatile in some parts of the country. In Derna, sporadic clashes continued and are impacting the humanitarian and living conditions of the population. Only three mahallas 1 in Derna, for instance, retained widespread access to the main water network and solid waste disposal was reported as a major problem across the city.
Since the ouster and death of Muammar Gaddafi in 2011, Libya has descended into chaos and is now split between three governments: two in Tripoli and one in Tobruk.
The U.N. refugee agency airlifted 88 migrants from Zuwara to another detention center in Tripoli on May 1 in order to identify the most vulnerable cases for evacuation.
On 6 May, the Assistant Director General of the World Health Organization  ( WHO ) , Dr. Raniero Guerra, visited UNHCR's Community Day Centre  ( CDC )  in Tripoli. During the visit, Dr. Guerra was briefed about the services provided for refugees and asylum seekers, which include medical assistance, psychosocial support, cash assistance and registration. So far in 2018, 3,844 primary health consultations and 554 medical referrals were provided at UNHCR's CDCs.
A large number of refugees, migrants and asylum seekers in Zuwara have already endured alarming levels of violence and exploitation in Libya and during harrowing journeys from their home countries. Some were malnourished on their arrival to the center as they had been held captive by smuggling networks in the area.
The World Health Organization  ( WHO )  assisted Libyan population in all Libya reaching 1,658,112 people in total, including 890,404 people under HRP 2017. Main WHO achievements were related to immunization, delivery of medicines, supplies and equipment to health facilities, support to mobile medical teams and strengthening of public health system.
In Libya, currently more than 184,000 internally displaced people are in need of humanitarian assistance as well as 368,000 people who have recently returned to their homes. UNHCR continues to advocate on their behalf and to provide relief until they can find durable solutions, including returning home on a voluntary basis and in conditions of dignity and safety.
Some 5,330 migrants had crossed from Libya to Italy between Jan. 1 and April 20 this year, about 85 percent lower than during the same period in 2017, according to Italy's interior ministry.
As of 30 April, UNHCR has registered 52,031 refugees and asylum seekers in Libya. Since the beginning of the year, UNHCR has registered 7,430 individuals. Syrian nationals comprise the largest nationality, followed by Sudanese and Palestinian nationals.
UNHCR is implementing quick impact projects  ( QIP ) , which are small and rapidly implemented projects, to support IDPs, returnees and their host communities with a view to promote social cohesion. Together with the communities, UNHCR and partners identify projects, mainly targeting local infrastructures, equipment and basic services within the health, education, shelter and WASH sectors.
The crisis in Libya has led to an exacerbation of Egypt's unemployment problem, as millions of Egyptians who used to work in Libya have fled the conflict.
UNDP is helping the Government of National Accord to implement the Stabilization Facility for Libya, an initiative which rapidly rehabilitates infrastructure, delivers equipment, and enhances local capacities, including conflict resolution skills.
WHO provides close follow up to ensure that donations are received in Libya and distributed to those in need. Together with the Ministry of Health, the WHO will continue working towards ensuring that everyone living with HIV has access to HIV treatment, protecting and promoting human rights and producing data for clinical decision  making.
UNHCR and partners conducted humanitarian activities at sites and detention centres in the West as a result of the Sabratha situation. IMC is also visiting Alkufra detention centre in the southeast of Libya. UNHCR also maintains access through its partner LibAid to a total of five detention centres in the East.
 Site location: The majority of all groups, male, female, adult and adolescents, indicated that the location of the site is unsafe, due to being in a distant location without easy access to any urban area where services are available. Despite this, few respondents indicated that this location, where they are, would still be a better option from being exposed to the risks associated and extreme humanitarian conditions in places of former displacement  (  informal settlements )
So far this year, just over 3,500 migrants have arrived in Italy from Libya, 62 percent fewer than during the same period last year, according to Italian interior ministry statistics. The top three nationalities declared by migrants arriving in Italy are Eritrean, Tunisian and Pakistani, followed by Nigerian and Libyan.
DTM identified and located 226,164 IDP individuals  ( 45,225 households )  across 87 baladiyas in Libya. This represents a decrease of 6% from the number of IDPs identified in the previous round.
It has been reported that due to the heavy fighting at least 59 civilians  ( including four women and five children )  have been injured and thirteen civilians  ( including three females and one child )  have been killed to date.
In 2018, UNHCR is expanding its protection activities throughout Libya, enhancing cooperation with authorities to respond to the humanitarian needs in the country. With the support of new international and national partners, UNHCR is expanding protection referral systems to ensure that internally displaced populations and persons in need of international protection have access to essential services and protection
UNHCR had to postpone humanitarian evacuations from Libya planned for this week due to the closure of Mitiga airport in Tripoli. The evacuations will resume when the airport reopens and security conditions are stable. Since the last evacuation on 23 December 2017, UNHCR teams have processed over 700 individuals, who are scheduled to travel in the coming days. In addition to evacuation from Libya, UNHCR has so far submitted over 374 cases for resettlement to third countries.
In coordination with UN agencies and partners, UNHCR continues to provide humanitarian assistance to approximately 1,200 internally displaced Tawerghans who remain stranded in Qararat al Qataf  ( east of Bani Walid )  and Harawa  ( east of Sirt ) . UNHCR provided non food items, tents, water and winter clothing to 250 Tawerghan families in Qararat al Qataf. UNHCR will continue to provide assistance in the coming weeks, given the low temperatures and generally harsh weather.
As of 6 February, there were three known and identified gathering points where IDPs are waiting to return to Tawergha: Qararat al Qataf, Hrawa and Tarhuna. It has since been learned that the Tarhuna site has been present since 2011, with no new IDP arrivals. The IDPs have been there since 2011; there are 75 families residing at the site with 15 children below the age of five  ( 11 girls and four boys )  and 45 elderly people  ( 28 women and 17 men ) .
The Special Envoy reported that about 3,450 stranded migrants still remain in Libyan authorities controlled detention centres as of 22 February 2018, as opposed to 20,000 during her first visit in November 2017. While, welcoming the Libyan authorities' decision to close up to 20 detention centres under its control, the Special Envoy also noted that “the situation in Libya still warrants our serious attention'.
IOM's Displacement Tracking Matrix  ( DTM )  has recorded 704,142 migrants in Libya, although some estimates put the number as close to 1 million.
Two of the survivors were from Algeria and Egypt, and the rest were from sub Saharan Africa, the source said on condition of anonymity.
Since 1 September 2017, 994 individuals have been submitted for resettlement to 7 resettlement states. A total of 114 individuals have already departed on resettlement directly from Libya to Canada, France, Italy, the Netherlands and Sweden.
In September, WFP delivered food rations to 13,423 beneficiaries in Bani Waleed, Wadi Etaba, Traghan, Ghadames and Al Qatroun through its local partners. The lower number of people reached is due to a pipeline break in food received; WFP has since received the necessary food.
As of 30 October, UNHCR has registered 56,444 refugees and asylum seekers in Libya. The majority of registered refugees comprise Syrians  ( 23,687 individuals ) , Sudanese  ( 10,300 individuals )  and Somalis  ( 3,160 individuals ) . So far in 2018, 11,878 refugees and asylum seekers have been registered by UNHCR. Last week alone, UNHCR registered 988 individuals, mainly from Eritrea, Ethiopia, Sudan and Somalia.
An estimated 5,400 refugees and migrants are presently held in detention centres in Libya, of whom 3,900 are of concern to UNHCR. Over the past month, UNHCR has registered 2,629 persons of concern in detention centres in and around Tripoli. So far in 2018, UNHCR conducted 1,139 visits to detention centres and distributed CRIs to 19,348 individuals. Through its partner International Medical Corps  ( IMC ) , UNHCR continues to provide medical assistance in detention centres in Libya. So far in 2018, IMC provided 20,070 primary health care consultations in detention centres and 237 medical referrals to public hospitals. In detention centres in the East, UNHCR's partners have so far provided 1,058 primary health care consultations and distributed CRIs to 725 individuals.
Reportedly, 54 migrants from Egypt, Kenya and Sudan arrived in Benghazi. Furthermore, 120 people, originally from Tripoli, were displaced to Benghazi due to the conflict.
An estimated 6,700 refugees and migrants remain in detention centres, facing severe overcrowding and in many cases extreme conditions.
Armed Conflict, lack of safety, together with lack of access to basic services, continue to exacerbate the vulnerabilities of the population. In particular, women, children and persons with specific needs are at heightened risk from conflict and the consequent loss of heads of households, family separation and breakdown of community structures. 4 have been killed and many people with specific needs were not able to leave the areas with clashes. Many families separated from their head of household, who refused to leave the areas with clashes as they were concerned about the looting of their houses and properties during their displacement.
On 30 August, in close coordination with the Danish Refugee Council  ( DRC )  and the Somali Embassy, IOM provided direct humanitarian assistance in the form of medical consultations, food, water and non food items to around 90 Somali migrants affected by the violence. Migrants who expressed a desire to go back home will be provided with Voluntary Humanitarian Return Assistance to guarantee their safe return. IOM is closely coordinating with UNHCR to find solutions for the Somalis who do not wish to return home.
The bodies are distressing, but remnants of war are an even greater barrier to returning home. IS relied heavily on IEDs and landmines, and the three central districts are littered with unexploded ordnance.
IOM reports that the total number of migrants and refugees that entered Europe by the Mediterranean Sea is 60,309 since the start of 2018 through  ( 8 August ) . This figure is about half of the 117,988 arrivals in 2017 at this time last year. The cause of the number of arrivals decreasing is largely due to a series of measures that have been adopted by EU Member States since late 2016, including the closure of the migratory route across the Mediterranean.
Back in March, Abdeljalil said security unrest, lack of funding and the absence of opportunities for teacher training were hindering the progress of education in Libya.
Women in Libya face pervasive gender based discrimination in law and in practice. Libyan legislation on marriage, divorce and inheritance contain provisions that discriminate against women. Women also continue to be discriminated against when seeking to transmit their nationality to their spouse or children.
Those attempting to transit through any entry or exit point faced risks including shelling, sniper fire, landmines, verbal/physical harassment, detention and confiscation of their documents.
UNHCR and its partners continue to register, provide medical and cash assistance to refugees and asylum seekers at its Community Day Centres. As of June, 52,739 refugees and asylum seekers were registered with UNHCR in Libya.
On 21 June, UNHCR met with the Head of the local Tawergha Council to discuss the safe return of the Tawergha people after seven years of displacement across Libya. Pending return, UNHCR continues to provide humanitarian assistance to IDPs including basic assistance as core relief items and cash based interventions. So far in 2018, UNHCR provided cash assistance to 2,261 IDP households  ( 12,686 individuals )  and distributed non food items to more than 31,000 IDPs and returnees in the country
The conflict has seriously affected the population's ability to rapidly access adequate medical treatment due to delays at checkpoints, road closures and security concerns. Active fighting near hospitals and health care facilities have also prevented safe access by the sick and wounded, medical personnel and ambulances or other vehicles carrying medical supplies.
Almost all schools have a hand washing facility, with the exception of a small percentage  ( 5% )  where the hand washing facility is in disrepair. However, the majority of schools had no soap available within their hand washing facilities  ( Figure 15 ) . The presence of soap is necessary for hand washing facilities to be effective. The main reason cited for lack of soap is inadequate funds for maintenance and supplies.
According to the IOM report, an estimated 330,000 to 1.5 million Egyptians were working in Libya before the civil war, who predominantly came from rural areas and Lower Egypt; the majority of them have completed only a basic education.
Some 300 to 500 households are reported as displaced from Al Fatayih area and have moved closer towards Derna city. More displacement is anticipated towards the city and inside Derna city if the clashes were to move to inside populated areas. It is anticipated that many people would not attempt to leave Derna city due to security concerns and for economic reasons. People have, on several occasions since mid April, received messages to leave and avoid the areas of ongoing clashes.
Libyan authorities have also transferred some migrants in an effort to reduce severe overcrowding at the Zuwara center and the IOM has begun a process to repatriate others.
Access to water and other basic commodities is also affected by the clashes and due to smuggling activity. It is expected that there will also be shortages in food should the movement restrictions continue.
• Relations between non displaced and displaced communities: Good
On 30 April, UNHCR airlifted all 88 persons in need of international protection  ( from Eritrea, Somalia, Ethiopia, Sudan )  to Tripoli, where they receive ongoing assistance at the Tariq al Sika detention centre, and where UNHCR will identify the most vulnerable cases for evacuation abroad.
2,543 individuals represent the total number of persons captured by the demographic data analysis  ( 47% female and 53% as demonstrated in Figure 5 ) . This includes 493 households, with an average composition of five family members. The data collected indicates that children  ( 0 5 )  account for 9% of the population with females and males in the 6 17 age category totaling 18%. Male adults  ( 18 59 )  represent the largest group of displaced Tawerghans accounting for 38% of individuals, with females within the same age group accounting for 34%. Females and males above the age of 60 years of age collectively account for 1% of the population.
UNHCR also supports public services, benefiting displaced persons, refugees and host communities. As an example, given that health facilities are severely affected by the conflict, in 2017, UNHCR contributed two large stocks of medical supplies to the Libyan Ministry of Health and in November 2017, delivered a contribution of medical supplies in Benghazi. In 2018, UNHCR provided water tanks to seven hospitals and clinics in Sabratha and Azzawiya to facilitate the water supply for these medical facilities, allowing for water desalination and ensuring the availability of drinking water.
“Torture and ill treatment are systematic in detention facilities across Libya, particularly in the initial period of detention and during interrogations,' the U.N. said.
Health facilities, generally either hospitals or private clinics, remained operational in all assessed mahallas, though access reportedly depended on a patient's community affiliation. All KIs with medical backgrounds reported a shortage of medicines to treat chronic diseases, particularly diabetes and hypertension.
So far in 2018, 4,500 refugees and migrants have been disembarked in Libya by the Libyan Coast Guard. On 12 and 17 April, 466 refugees and migrants were disembarked in Tripoli and Azzawya  ( 40 km west of Tripoli ) . UNHCR and its partner International Medical Corps were present at disembarkation points and supported individuals with medical assistance.
As such, in 2018, UNHCR is supporting IDPs, returnees, and host communities by implementing more than 270 quick impact projects  ( QIPs )  throughout Libya with the active participation of benefiting host communities, IDPs, and in consultation with national and local authorities
Approximately 16,000 migrants have been assisted with general reintegration support such as referrals and counselling sessions, with options for trainings and job fairs in the pipeline.
The largest decreases in the number of IDPs took place in the baladiyas of Abusliem, Alkhums, Ejdabia, Bani Waleed and Ain Zara as shown in Table 2. These decreases were mainly the result of IDPs returning to their homes in Sirt during the data collection period.
The presence of explosive hazards, including landmines, improvised explosive devices, unexploded ordnance and other explosive remnants of war  ( ERW )  has been a persistent threat to the Libyan population and to access for humanitarian workers. Attacks on health care facilities and medical personnel continued across the country, including in Azzawya, Benghazi, Tripoli, Sebha and Derna.
On 20 March, for the first time, UNHCR facilitated the transfer of 89 persons in need of international protection from the Kufra detention centre, in the southeast of Libya, to Tripoli. The group had been detained in Kufra for more than three months. In Tripoli, UNHCR has better access to persons of concern for the purpose of processing vulnerable cases for solutions in third countries.
UNHCR conducted a visit to Triq Al Matar settlement, where some 1,900 displaced persons are currently living. As part of its Quick Impact Projects, UNHCR is rehabilitating the school in the community to ensure that displaced children have access to a safe learning environment
Furthermore, sources have reported that between 720 – 870 households have been displaced from the affected areas with the majority settling in Al menshiyah in Sebha, and mostly in schools. The remaining displaced have either moved in with their family and friends in Sakha and Mahdia or to outside of Sebha city as far as to Murzuq and Ubari.
Contamination by explosive remnants of war  ( ERW )  and improvised explosive devices  ( IEDs )  as a result of the ongoing conflict are threatening the lives of civilians and hampering the ability of the humanitarian community to carry out humanitarian activities.
On 25 January, UNHCR and UNICEF jointly distributed winter clothes for children in the Triq Al Matar detention centre in Tripoli. To provide relief from the cold temperatures, UNHCR will continue the distribution in several detention centres and urban areas.
In anticipation of the return of internally displaced persons to Tawergha, some 40 km south of Misrata, the Protection Sector led by UNHCR has developed operational guidelines for returns. These guidelines cover the provision of services for returnees throughout Libya. Approximately 40,000 Tawerghan have been displaced for more than seven years. According to Libyan authorities, their return will take place in February 2018.
UNHCR is providing winter relief to over 1,280 IDPs and returnees in Benghazi. Through its partner LibAid, UNHCR distributed heaters, blankets, hygiene kits, solar lamps, school bags, and kitchen sets for families living in areas north of Benghazi such as Al Sabri, Sook Al Hoot and Sidi Khreibish. These distributions will continue over the next few days with a view to reaching 460 families. Benghazi currently hosts the largest number of IDPs in Libya  ( over 38,000 individuals ) .
They had suffered injuries and dehydration, and received medical treatment before being taken to a migrant detention centre in Misrata, said Kawash.
With the improvement of the security situation in late September, an estimated 300 individuals returned to Tajoura from Tarhuna. Reported priority needs are house maintenance and repairs.
General lawlessness including looting, carjacking and petty crime activities have been reported in southern Tripoli, contributing to firm refusal of many to leave their homes out of fear of their property being damaged/looted. Additionally, the feeling of lawlessness contributes to a continued feeling of insecurity regardless of the cessation of hostilities.
Libya's state school system has about 1.5 million students but many schools have been destroyed or closed down, due to lack of teachers or security fears.
So far in 2018, UNHCR Libya has submitted 482 cases for direct resettlement out of Libya. Of these, 34 have departed the country. As of 3 July, UNHCR also evacuated 1,858 vulnerable persons of concern out of Libya  ( 1,536 to Niger, 312 to Italy and 10 to Romania ) .
UNHCR has supported the transfer of 600 refugees and migrants from Gharyan and Azizia to Tripoli, with a view to ensure they remain in a safer location, and has provided material, medical and psychosocial support to transferred individuals
In order to improve the accessibility to CEmONC and BeMONC including safe delivery and antenatal services for IDPs, non displaced people, returnees, migrants and refugees in hard to reach areas in the south of Libya  ( Ubari ) , The Tripoli Crisis Management Team ensured the deployment of a mobile team in Fjij, Bint Baya and Khlif.
But hundreds of thousands of other migrants reside openly in Libya or are held by smuggling networks or for forced labor, often in dire conditions. Aid workers say the health of migrants passing through the Bani Walid area has deteriorated, including cases of malnutrition and active tuberculosis.
In 2017 WHO was able to reach 206,795 people with the provision of medicines and supplies thanks to generous financial support from ECHO, Government of France, Italian Agency for Development Cooperation, UN CERF, USAID/OFDA.
Testimonies, forensic and medical reports as well as photographs gathered by HRD indicate the systematic nature of torture and ill treatment in detention facilities across Libya. The overwhelming majority of former detainees interviewed by HRD staff said that they were either directly subjected to torture or ill treatment, or witnessed others being allegedly subjected to it.
After the crisis had been sparked, many Egyptian residents fled Libya through the Ras Jedir crossing, but many of them have been stuck in Libyan Tunisian borders after Tunisia had closed the crossing due to the increasing influx of Libyan refugees. Many Egyptians have been killed or robbed on border.
On 7 April, the remains of three siblings from the Shirshari family were found in a forest south of Surman. The two boys and girl were aged between seven and 12 at the time of their abduction in December 2015. The exact causes of death have yet to be established.
The risk of fire: All participants raised concerns on the risk of fire in the site, due to living in overcrowded temporary structures, using unsafe cooking and heating appliances or open fires, and inability to provide constant childhood supervision. The community already witnessed a fire incident in the site and they are afraid that fire incidents will continue.
The BRSC and allies are believed to have been responsible for leaving mines and ERWs in areas of Benghazi they controlled prior to their retreat. The so called Islamic State claimed responsibility for the VBIED attack on the checkpoint east of Ajdabiya through the “Amaq News Agency'.
The Facility is carrying out 119 other projects in Benghazi, Kikla, Ubari, Sebha, Sirt and Bani Walid municipalities, and it's preparing more than 100 for Greater Tripoli. Over 335 people have already returned home to Ubari, and efforts continue to support the return of the rest.
Within the last two weeks, injuries and casualties due to explosive hazards reportedly occurred in Al Gardah, Al Mahdia, Al Nasiriyah and Al Tanawiyah.
Over 5,000 people have received additional reintegration support, including help for individuals to set up a small business with groups of returnees or in partnership with their community. Their projects can be participatory and community based projects, as well as collective and individual initiatives.
Arrivals in Italy from Libya have dropped more than 72 percent this year from last, official data show. That means many may have been trapped in widely lawless Libya for longer periods than before.
Almost 2,300 places have been offered for refugees coming from Niger but the speed of the resettlement process is “out of UNHCR's control', Sakhr said.
In addition to this, although numbers have yet to be verified, an estimated 950 migrants have been displaced, particularly those who work on farms or other business in the areas that have been affected. Several families are also confined to their homes as they do not want to move away for fear of not being able to return to their homes.
UNHCR's Community Development Centres in Tripoli continue to provide assistance to refugees and asylum seekers. This week, UNHCR, IMC and CESVI assisted 1,284 refugees and asylum seekers with registration, psychosocial support, medical assistance, core relief items  ( clothes, blankets or winter jackets )  and cash assistance. The large majority of refugees and asylum seekers approaching the centres this week were from Sudan, Syria, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Palestine and Somalia. Outreach activities continued during the week, with assistance provided to nine refugee families living in and around Tripoli.
UNHCR continues to support over 1,100 refugees and asylum seekers on a weekly basis in the two Community Development Centres in Tripoli. UNHCR, IMC and CESVI are assisting refugees with primary healthcare, provision of psychosocial support, cash, core relief items, registration and documentation.
In the context of the ongoing response to the crisis in Derna and with the financial support of the ECHO, WHO has provided Derna Hospital with 148 saline infusion boxes which contain about 2800 bottles of saline infusion sets.
To address the needs of migrants and refugees in overcrowded detention centers, UNICEF conducted rapid needs assessments in Taik el Sekka, Janzour and Zintan detention centers. The following WASH response has focused on the emptying of septic tanks, rehabilitation of latrines and the provision of clean and safe water.
On 7 April, a group of unidentified armed men, some reportedly in military uniform, shot at Sudanese migrant workers during a raid on stores on al Zeit Street in Benghazi, leading to one death and two injuries among the migrant workers.
Food imports in Libya have dwindled due to limited port access and road blockages. This has caused food prices to skyrocket. The prices of many staple food items, such as rice and wheat flour, have increased by as much as 200 percent compared to pre conflict levels
With the winter season approaching, UNHCR has started its winterization campaign to assist internally displaced persons  ( IDPs )  and returnees across Libya. So far, UNHCR has distributed plastic sheets, blankets, heaters, winter clothes, gloves and children's shoes to some 3,000 IDPs in Misrata  ( 210 km east of Tripoli ) , Sabha  ( 640 km south of Tripoli )  and Benghazi.
After several attempts, a UN brokered Ceasefire Consolidation Agreement was signed in Zawiya on 9 September. The next day, several assailants attacked the National Oil Corporation  ( NOC )  Headquarters building in Tripoli, causing casualties. The motivation behind the attack is likely to be a response to the ceasefire agreement.
So far in 2018, UNHCR conducted 982 visits to detention centres and registered 3,600 refugees and asylum seekers. As of 10 October, UNHCR distributed 15,282 core relief items to refugees and migrants held in detention centres in Libya. Through its partner IMC, UNHCR continues to provide medical assistance in detention centres in Libya. So far in 2018, IMC provided 21,548 primary health care consultations at the detention centres and 231 medical referrals to public hospitals. As conditions in detention remain extremely dire, UNHCR continues to advocate for alternatives to detention in Libya and for solutions in third countries.
In terms of keeping one's money safe, respondents reported that the best way would be to transfer it directly back to their country of origin. However, due to the poor exchange rate and the length of time it took to accumulate enough money to exchange and transfer it, most said that they sent money home less frequently than what they thought most safe, rather hiding their money in different places both inside and outside the home with people they knew.
On 4 March, a man was shot dead by unidentified gunmen inside his Sabha shop. On 23 March, a 52 year old man was shot in the neighbourhood of Manshia in Sabha. During both incidents, there were no armed clashes in the vicinity. The two killings are not believed to have been linked to the ongoing armed conflict in Sabha.
The education ministry's $5.6 billion budget is a fraction of the amount needed to upgrade the country's system. Abdeljalil has said it needs to be at least three times as much to keep schools functioning and give teachers the training they need.
Migrants who travelled with Segen said they had been held by smugglers in a large warehouse for months, where they were tortured and beaten, according to Medu, a charity providing psychological support to those who arrive in Pozzallo. They told Medu they paid about $1,500 to make the sea crossing.
Fierce clashes in Derna led to significant damage to civilian infrastructure, including schools, mosques and private homes. On 5 June, the city's main functioning public hospital was closed following shelling.
At the CDCs in Tripoli, UNHCR and its partners International Medical Corps and CESVI continue to register refugees and asylum seekers and to provide them with primary health care, psychological support and cash assistance. So far in 2018, more than 4,800 medical consultations and 700 medical referrals were provided to persons of concern.
In the western mahallas of Embakh, Esh Shabiya and Sheiha, 10 20% of IDPs were being housed in collective shelters. An additional 5 20% of both the IDP and non displaced populations were reportedly living in informal settlements across six mahallas, which most often consisted of shelters built on state owned land or households squatting in state owned buildings. • Overcrowding affected well over half the IDP population in Derna's central and western mahallas, according to KIs in these areas. By comparison, less than half of the non displaced population was reported to live in overcrowded conditions.
UNICEF and partners provide critical protection and psychosocial support services to vulnerable children, including age, gender and culturally appropriate activities to enhance children's psychosocial wellbeing and resilience. UNICEF also provides referrals to specialized services for children who may need individual support to overcome emotional and social challenges.
The distribution of intention has been analyzed using household characteristics, such as household composition and the presence and prevalence of vulnerable members in the household. 33% of households surveyed stated that family members are absent, with 5% reporting more than one absent household member. War related injuries and/or death is the primary reason, accounting for 30% of individuals, with an additional 26% of individuals noted as absent residing in the place of origin. Movement within and outside of Libya accounts for 17% and 5% of absent individuals respectively. 22% of individuals were reported absent due to non war related death.
In this regard, the government facilitated the departure of Egyptian workers fleeing Libya by sending flights to Tunisia to transport them, as 46 planes were utilized to transport passengers from the Djerba and Gebes airports in Tunisia. Egypt intensified its communication with the Tunisian authorities to help with the evacuation of Egyptians on the border.
The top three humanitarian needs in assessed mahallas of Sebha, as reported by KIs, were cash, healthcare, and safety and security. KIs in all assessed mahallas reported a strong preference for cash based interventions over other types of humanitarian aid.
On 12 March, the Office of Education in Sebha, announced that the beginning of the second semester would be postponed for a week and that schools would be closed due to the clashes and also since a number of educational institutions are being used as IDP shelters
UNHCR has also flown thousands of Africans home from Libya since last year.
Since 1 September 2017, 901 individuals have been submitted for resettlement to eight States  ( Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden and Switzerland ) .
Around 650 individuals returned to Derna due to the improvement of the security situation. Reported needs include food, NFIs and medicine.
Medical professionals in Derna reported four preventable deaths in Derna due to the lack of medical supplies such as oxygen tanks and inability of the sick and wounded to access medical treatment. For instance, on 15 June, during a lull in fighting, neighbors found a woman in her sixties dead in her home in eastern Shiha. According to a medical professional, her death was likely caused by poor blood circulation and her inability to receive prompt medical treatment.
KIs in nearly all assessed mahallas, excepting only El Bilad, El Jebilah and Bab Tubruq, reported damage to shelters in residential areas as a result of shelling. In Embakh, as many as 50% of houses were reportedly affected. • KIs also reported widespread damage to the city's electric, water, sewage and road networks. Government buildings in western mahallas were additionally targeted, along with the Al Amal school, the Abu Huraira mosque and the Wadi Derna bridge.
In partnership with National Centre for Disease Control  ( NCDC )  and the Medical Supply Organization, UNFPA has continued supporting lifesaving emergency reproductive and maternal health services in 25 hospitals and primary health care centers, by the provision of Emergency Reproductive Health kits, responding to the needs of 6441 women of reproductive age over the month of April 2018.
On a recent Sunday, about a dozen sub Saharan African migrants were sitting or squatting in a courtyard, some with serious injuries from their journeys or from smuggler abuse.
In the east, about 1,800 detainees are held at Kuweifiya prison, where the U.N. documented torture and inhumane conditions, including in a section run by the Libyan National Army, a coalition led by Khalifa Haftar.
On 18 March, a university student from al Zawiya was gunned down on the street by a member of an armed group. The motive of the killing remains unclear.
Clashes have mainly been localised to the southern and eastern mahallas of Sebha, in particular Tayori, Al Nasiriyah, Al Tanawiyah, Al Gardah, and Hajara.
The United Nations estimates that hundreds of thousands of migrants remain in Libya. Those who make it to Italy tell of being extorted, beaten, tortured, raped, starved and forced to work for no pay.
For children on the move transiting through or residing in Libya, the recent escalation of violence has only added to their suffering. Hundreds of detained refugees and migrants, including children, were forced to move from detention centers due to the clashes; others remain stranded in centres in dire conditions. Due to the conflict, the detention centres at Tariq Al Matar and Abusliem were closed on September 4 and the detention centres in Salaheddin and Ain Zara were abandoned by staff.
Last month UNICEF said 489 schools were affected by the violence and conflict in Libya.
In the context of strengthening health system, the World Health Organization trained 611 health workforce in several topics, such as supply chain management, immunization, nursing education, health information system and EWARN system. In the same frame, to note that following three training workshops on EWARN system, 102 early warning sentinel sites were developed in Libya, including sentinel sites in IDP/migrant camps thanks to the efforts of IOM.
Bodies of people taken by armed groups have been found on the streets and in rubbish dumps of Benghazi, many with bound limbs, marks of torture and gunshot wounds, it said.
On 25 March, the body of a member of the Special Forces, believed to have been a medical professional, was uncovered in al Kuweifiya inside his vehicle. He suffered from multiple gunshot wounds. A number of suspects have been arrested in Benghazi in relation to the incident.
Even those in officially sanctioned detention centres or living openly in Libya have next to no access to healthcare and depend on international agencies that have a limited presence on the ground, said Christophe Biteau, Libya head of mission for MSF France.
DTM identified 5,524 IDPs in Round 11 who were displaced in 2016 and had been displaced at least once prior. 82% of these  ( 4,544 individuals )  had been displaced twice and 18%  ( 980 individuals )  had been displaced three times.
Geert Cappelaere, UNICEF Regional Director for the Middle East and North Africa, said 26,000 students were forced to change their schools after they were closed by violence in the eastern and southwestern parts of the country.
Ministry of Health, NCDC in partnership with WHO, UNHCR, IOM, IMC and STACO conducted lifesaving immunization campaign targeting children under 5 years in 5 detention centers in Tripoli.
Detainees across Libya also complained about the poor nutritional value of the food provided and insufficient drinking water. Some detainees were denied outdoor recreation or exercise time and had not had access to direct sunlight for the duration of their detention. As a result, they developed severe muscle and joint pain, and other preventable conditions.
About 70 percent of migrants interviewed by Medu said they were deprived of food and water while in Libya. “Many others die in Libya and we know nothing about it,' Barbieri said.
WHO collaborated with the NCDC to respond to Measles outbreak in Al Gatroon by strengthening surveillance activities and search for more cases, conducting Measles awareness workshop targeting clinicians and healthcare workers, conducting measles/Vitamin A Supplementary Immunization Activities in the affected area and mass communication informing the population of the outbreak, risks and implications of contracting measles, and the need to take measles vaccine for individual protection to stop the outbreak. In addition, WHO national staff followed up the situation for further intervention.
Only a very limited number of actors currently have access to Derna, mostly through the local authorities or the LRCS. All planned humanitarian deliveries are currently awaiting approval to enter Derna, including medicine and medical supplies to deal with trauma and war injuries.
Detention conditions aggravate pre existing and chronic medical conditions and lead to the spread of skin and eye infections and gastro intestinal ailments. Most regular prisons have small clinics with medical staff, but former detainees and relatives of detainees repeatedly reported that they had limited access to, and poor quality medical care. In some cases, poor detention conditions, coupled with medical neglect, has led to deaths in custody, including from otherwise treatable conditions.
Small numbers of IDPs are reported to have left Sebha entirely, generally heading to either the Tripoli area or to other cities in the Fezzan, including Al Bawanees, Ubari, Brak and Al Jufrah.
The presence of the Islamic State  ( IS ) , of Al Qaeda affiliated terrorist groups, foreign fighters and mercenaries, the trafficking of arms and the cross border black market economy are challenges which extend across Libya's borders and impact its neighbours and the wider international community.