nlp-thedeep/humsetbias huggingface dataset:
JULY 2016  Fighting erupts: Fighting erupted between Sudan People's Liberation Army  ( SPLA )  and Sudan People's Liberation Movement in Opposition  ( SPLA iO )  group in Presidential Palace in Juba. Thousands of people flee their homes. SEPTEMBER 2018  Revitalized agreement: The Revitalized Agreement on the Resolution of the Conflict in the Republic of South Sudan, was signed between the Government and opposition political parties in Addis Ababa JANUARY MARCH 2019  Fighting continues: Government operations against rebels in Yei River led to civilian deaths, homes looted and crops destroyed. The fighting displaced thousands of people
Less than a third of the population has access to electricity. Mobile network coverage is poor in most parts of South Sudan and largely non existent in many rural areas. Radio is a key communications tool for people in hard to reach areas.
On 19 May, UNMISS and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights  ( OHCHR )  jointly published a report on the right to health care for conflict related sexual violence survivors in South Sudan. According to the report, the Government had not sought to make funding of the public health sector a priority, impeding access to medical and psychosocial care for survivors of conflict related sexual violence, despite the substantial presence and funding of international stakeholders in the country. The report contained recommendations to address those gaps, including improving access to and delivery of health services on an equitable basis at the community level.
During the reporting period, UNMISS continued to advocate for measures to preclude the application of the death penalty, including through de facto and de jure moratoriums, and supported legal aid providers representing juveniles and other defendants on death row.
As was the trend throughout 2019, the majority of civilians were killed and injured during violence involving community based militias and self defence groups  ( 691 killed and 563 injured ) . Armed raids in northern Jonglei and the Greater Pibor Administrative Area involving Murle armed elements pitted against allied Dinka and Nuer “White Army' militias resulted in at least 225 killed  ( including 74 women and 16 children )  and 134 injured  ( including at least 9 women and 9 children ) , as well as 266 abducted  ( 72 women and 194 children ) . Attacks led by White Army e lements in February showed a degree of planning and coordination, with the alleged involvement of some SPLM/A IO and South Sudan Peoples' Defence Forces elements and a Lou Nuer spiritual leader.
UNMISS documented a total of 295 incidents that negatively affected the human rights and protection situation, including arbitrary killings, abductions, conflictrelated sexual violence, arbitrary arrests and detention  ( including proxy detention ) , torture and ill treatment, forced military recruitment and the looting and destruction of civilian property. The incidents resulted in at least 1,314 civilian casualties  ( 733 killed and 581 wounded ) , including 136 women and 62 children. Of those incidents, 216 were attributed to community based militias and self defence groups; 27 to the South Sudan People's Defence Forces; 14 to NAS; 8 to the National Security Service; 7 to the South Sudan National Police Service; 6 to SPLM/A IO; 2 jointly to the National Security Service, the South Sudan People's Defence Forces and the South Sudan National Police Service; and 1 jointly to the South Sudan People's Defence Forces and SPLM/A IO. Attribution for 14 other incidents remained pending.
Access to sanitation also remains low, for example, 77 per cent of households have no access to latrines. Only 17 per cent of households have a latrine in their compound and 4 per cent have a communal or shared latrine while in 34 counties less than 10 per cent of households reported having access to latrines
Population movement 1.6M Internally displaced people in South Sudan 230K IDPs arrived during the first nine months of 2020 125K IDPs are in Protection of Civilians sites  ( IOM DTM as of November 2020 )
Five counties experienced high access constraints in 2020 related to active hostilities, constant violence against humanitarian personnel and assets, and the physical environment: Longochuk, Maiwut and Panyikang in Upper Nile; Mundri East in Western Equatoria; and Rumbek North in Lakes. This is an increase from three counties classified in the same category in 2019.
As of March 2020, four in five displaced people are living with host communities, of whom more than 90 per cent in rural areas. The rest are in camp like settings. Protracted displacement and scarcity of resources lead to strained relationship between IDPs and host community. During recent consultations, both communities reported that they need support from humanitarian and development partners to build and strengthen peaceful co existence and maintain positive relationship, advocating for balanced distribution of aid inclusive of vulnerable groups in both communities
UNMISS reviewed a number of key laws, including the National Audit Chamber Act, 2011, and the Anti Corruption Commission Act, 2009. UNMISS conducted an internal review of the Political Parties Act, 2012, to ascertain areas in which further engagement by the Mission and partners might be required to ensure compliance with international best practices on the free and democratic registration of political parties.
To urgently aid decongestion, UNMISS provided technical assistance on the identification and expansion of categories of prisoners that could be considered for release, which enabled the Director General of the national Prison Service to release prisoners across all prisons and facilitated coordination with other justice actors to ensure prioritization.
FEBRUARY OCTOBER 2020  Access: Access constraints related to sub national violence hindered humanitarian organizations from reaching people in need. Nine aid workers were killed in 2020. NOVEMBER 2020  Economic woes: The South Sudanese Pound rose to a new yearly high due to a decrease in the country's oil revenues and in turn led to a sharp rise in the price of basic commodities. DECEMBER 2020  Food insecurity: The Integrated Food Security Phase Classification projected that 7.37 million people will be food insecure  ( IPC Phase 3 or worse )  by the 2021 lean season.
UNMISS force and United Nations police operations within and outside the protection of civilians sites were refocused to mitigate the risk of COVID 19 transmission and comply with government restrictions. Following the confirmation of a case within the Bentiu protection of civilians site in mid May, the force and police components minimized their face to face interactions while maintaining surveillance and communications remotely. They continued to carry out mounted patrols around the weapons free zones and maintained a presence at entry points. A quick reaction force remained on standby and United Nations police intervened when violence necessitated entry to protect women from sexual violence or to safeguard humanitarian activities.
With regard to COVID 19 measures, movement restrictions were not uniformly applied to all protection of civilians sites. In Bentiu, while the host nation security services cautioned against mass movement and emphasized social distancing, security forces were not deployed, nor were the internally displaced persons harassed. In contrast, at the Juba and Malakal protection of civilians sites, internally displaced persons experienced government movement restrictions.
Some 1,600 people  ( 1,100 women and 500 girls )  were reached with dignity kits, 660 people  ( 580 women and 180 girls )  supported through Women and Girls Friendly Spaces  ( WGFS )  and 2,421 people reached through outreach home visits  ( 850 women, 625 girls, 435 men and 511 boys )  by Protection partners. A total of 80 people were training on GBV guiding principles and referral pathways. The GBV Sub Cluster members established a Complaints and Feedback Mechanisms in Pibor, Gumuruk, Likuangole and Vertet payams.
During the reporting period, Health Cluster partners conducted 3,835 consultations in Pibor County and over 2,000 people were reached with integrated community case management services in Likuangole and Gumuruk payams. Cumulatively, cluster partners received 57 inter agency Emergency Health Kits, two kits to treat children with severe acute malnutrition with medical complications and six pneumonia treatment kits. Additional funding has enabled the Health Cluster to scale up PHCC ( Primary Health Care Corporation )  services in Likuangole and Gumuruk.
Over 94,000 animals have been vaccinated and over 66,000 livestock treated to protect the livelihoods of more than 3,700 households. Ahead of the rains, the pre positioning of food supplies is underway in Pibor Town.
There is a need to ensure the continued provision of health, WASH and critical protection services, including Child Protection and GBV services, especially in hard to reach locations in Pibor County.
Humanitarian organizations continue to scale up operations across South Sudan, intensifying efforts for people in six priority 1 counties. Based on food security and nutrition analysis, these six counties were identified in late 2020 as priority 1 areas for a multi sectoral response scale up, including Food Security and Livelihoods assistance, health and nutritional support, protection services and water, sanitation and hygiene  ( WASH )  assistance, supported by the Logistic Cluster and UNHAS  ( United Nations Humanitarian Air Service  ( UNHAS ) .
The pre positioning of critical supplies is scaling up in Pibor to ensure they are prepositioned in hard to reach areas outside of Pibor town before the rains begin.
People's access to essential services, including health care, education, water and sanitation, as well as protection and legal services, remains limited and much of the service infrastructure was damaged, destroyed or closed in 2020.
In priority 1 counties the people in IPC Food Insecurity Phase 4 and higher are 144K in Pibor (  74% county population ) , 88K in Akobo  ( 40% county population ) , 77K in Tonj North ( 30% county population ) , 54K in Tonj East ( 30% county populaton ) , 49K in Aweil south ( 36% county population )  and 41K in Tonj South ( 35% conty population ) .  ( December 2020 to March 2021 )
In the six priority 1 locations, 810,000 people are deemed to be in Crisis or worse levels of food insecurity  ( IPC Phase 3+ )  according to IPC projections. This includes over 300,000 children suffering from Severe Acute Malnutrition  ( SAM )  and some 480,000 pregnant and lactating women who are acutely malnourished and in need of treatment.
Bor was the first Protection of Civilians  ( PoC )  site to transition into an IDP camp in 2020. Wau and Juba sites followed in October and November. Bentiu and Malakal PoC sites remain pending.  [ SEPTEMBER 2020 ]
According to Integrated Food Security Phase Classification  ( IPC )  projections, from December to March 2021, an estimated 5.8 million people  ( 48 per cent of the population )  faced Crisis levels of food insecurity  ( IPC Phase 3 )  or worse   a figure that is expected to increase to 7.2 million  ( 60 per cent of the population )  in the upcoming lean season of April July 2021.
There are also a number of key demand side barriers to education such as socio economic and cultural barriers including poverty; low awareness on the importance of education; inadequate support from parents; insecurity in many parts of the country; and inaccessibility to many areas especially during the rainy season due to poor road infrastructure network.
Refugees in urban areas lack the financial means to access the national education system services.
Education needs remain high among South Sudanese spontaneous refugee returnees. Similarly, access to remote learning platforms and education opportunities by refugees from neighbouring countries are limited by lack of electricity and connectivity, and required devices including radio sets and lighting. Post secondary opportunities for refugee students remain limited
The humanitarian footprint reduced considerably across the country in the months after COVID 19 was confirmed in South Sudan in early April.  [ APRIL 2020 ]
Displaced people, refugees and returnees are identified as vulnerable groups and the education needs of children in these groups are particularly dire in Jonglei, Upper Nile, Unity, Lakes, Eastern and Central Equatoria where a high percentage of children do not have access to an education
In addition, there are 98,500 school aged refugee children, of whom 18,000 children are out of school. The negative impact of COVID 19 and subsequent school closures have resulted in an increased number of children in need of education support.
The GBV Sub Cluster aims to target more than 916,000 people with GBV services in 2021. Key priorities include provision of GBV prevention and risk mitigation measures among vulnerable women, men, girls and boys in priority and hard to reach areas; and reducing the suffering of women, men, girls and boys who have experienced GBV and reported to service delivery points in in priority and hard to reach areas.
A Multi Sector Survival Minimum Expenditure Basket was developed by the CWG in 2018 to set the minimum cost needed by a household to meet their acute needs and sustain lives. It includes food costs and other considerations like medicines, transportation, grinding cost, mobile airtime, and kitchen sets. Since 2019, the cost of the basket has been updated monthly by the Joint Market Monitoring Initiative, initiated by the CWG with the support of REACH.
In 2020, demands by organized youth groups for local hiring, particularly in Renk and Bentiu, led to the suspension of humanitarian activities, disrupting multi sectoral assistance and affected the delivery of humanitarian services to over 60,000 people in need.
A total of 7.7 million people are expected to need food assistance, including 7.24 million acutely food insecure South Sudanese in rural areas, 130,000 people in urban areas and 314,000 refugees in South Sudan. An estimated 1.4 million children and 480,000 pregnant or lactating women will be acutely malnourished and in need of treatment. The COVID 19 pandemic has aggravated people's existing vulnerabilities and weakened an already fragile health system's ability to treat people.
Involuntary or unsafe returns resulting from the PoC transition have particular potential contribute to tensions between IDPs/returnees and host communities over land, resources and aid that results in further violence and displacement. These stressors present a new burden for displaced people and families and may negatively affect their mental health, psychosocial wellbeing and daily functioning
The humanitarian situation in South Sudan remains dire. More than two thirds of the South Sudanese population and some 300,000 refugees and asylum seekers in South Sudan are in need of some form of humanitarian assistance and protection in 2021, as the country continues to experience the cumulative effects of years of conflict, a surge in sub national violence, unprecedented flooding and hyperinflation, further compounded by the COVID 19 pandemic. . The lack of durable peace and limited investment in basic services impedes many people's ability to move towards sustainable development.
An estimated 1.6 million people are internally displaced, a slight decrease from November 2019. The spike in sub national violence and floods triggered new displacements in 2020.
In Rubkona  ( Rubkona Suksita ) , the In  country transport hub to Inland, there were no disruption for movement of cargo as of 14 June and no disruption to movements of persons as of 14 June. Into/ out of point 2019 daily average was 9/28. Into/out of point during reporting period daily average was 570/490 and there was no temperature screening and hand washing stations. There was risk communication and Isolation/quarantine area. There were no increased security forces in place. This internal hub is also used by IDPs from Bentiu PoC site and is a bus terminal for different internal connections within Rubkona.  [ Mobility Update Week 11  ( 1 14 June 2020 )  ]
In Morobo  ( kaya ) , the official land border to Uganda, there were no disruption to movement of cargo as of 14 June and De facto via alternative routes movements of persons as of 14 June. Into/ out of point 2019 daily average was 249/198. Into/out of point during reporting period daily average was 1/2 and there was temperature screening and hand washing stations. There was risk communication and there was Isolation/quarantine area. There was Increased security forces in place. Holding unit available but no isolation unit  [ Mobility Update Week 11  ( 1 14 June 2020 )  ]
In Maiwut  ( Pagak ) , the official land border to Ethiopia, there were no disruption to movement of cargo as of 14 June and there was no movements of persons as of 14 June. Into/ out of point 2019 daily average was unknown. Into/out of point during reporting period daily average was 0/0 and there was no temperature screening and hand washing stations. There was no risk communication. There was no Isolation/quarantine area. Increased security forces in place was unknown.  [ Mobility Update Week 11  ( 1 14 June 2020 )  ]
Due to the lack of funds, the World Vision team is reduced to 8 CHP  ( Center for Humanitarian Programmes )  to cover the IDPs and HC  ( Humanitarian Coordinator )  , when the standard is 1 hygiene promoter per 100 beneficiaries.  [ IRNA Report:  [ Melut IDP settlements, Upper Nile ] ,  [ 12 13 January 2021 ] |
In Magwi  ( Nimule ) , the official land border to Uganda, there were no disruption to movement of cargo as of 14 June and De facto via alternative routes movements of persons as of 14 June. Into/ out of point 2019 daily average was 124/156. Into/out of point during reporting period daily average was 44/40 and there was temperature screening and hand washing stations. There was risk communication. There was Isolation/quarantine area. There were increased security forces.There are movements via alternative routes reported and the movement of trucks is ongoing along this PoE.  [ Mobility Update Week 11  ( 1 14 June 2020 )  ]
• All health facilities should report, and conduct casebased investigation of suspect measles cases and routine measles immunization should be strengthened in all counties
Akobo, Pibor, and Pochalla are not classified as cholera transmission hotspot since they have not reported confirmed cholera cases in the last five years. However, one round of oral cholera vaccination campaign was conducted by WHO in Pibor town in April 2020 reaching 22,476  ( 73.2% )  of individuals one year and above. A follow up campaign is planned for January 15, 2021 targeting 93,250 individuals aged one year and above in all the Payams of Pibor.
OCV campaign in Pibor will start on 16th January 2021 targeting 93, 250 people one year and above in Pibor, Lekuangule, Verteth and Gumuruk. – Pibor: the campaign ended on 21st January, a total of 24, 912  ( 90% )  people one year and above were vaccinated. – Gumuruk; the campaign ended with total of 26,281  ( 95% )  people one year and above were vaccinated. – Verteth: the campaign ended with a total of 6,767  ( 57% )  individuals one year and above.
The country is planning to conduct a Nationwide campaign targeting over 3 million under 5 children starting from 16 Feb 2021.
Flood response highlights: 98K people received emergency shelter and essential household items, 57K people provided with healthcare services, 185K people reached with nutrition support
Flood response highlights: 1.4M people reached with food assistance, 293K people were assisted with livelihood support
Protection: 4.8M People in need and 1.4M reached
Arrival and departure screening for COVID 19 was conducted, reaching a total of 24,164 travellers, as follows: 9,926 individuals screened at Juba International Airport 7,148 individuals screened at Nimule Border Crossing 1,971 individuals screened at Wau Airport 94 individuals screened at Wunthou  ( Renk )  5,025 individuals screened at Amiet  ( Abyei )
There is no soap available in the 3 camps. The last distribution took place in March 2020.  [ IRNA Report:  [ Melut IDP settlements, Upper Nile ] ,  [ 12 13 January 2021 ] |
COVID 19 TIMELINE IN SOUTH SUDAN 5th Oct: Schools re open in South Sudan under the Phase 1 plan for Primary 8 and Senior 4. 18th Oct: 107 new cases confirmed out of the 5,968 tests conducted, bringing the total to 2,847 confirmed cases
While Uganda officially reopened its borders, South Sudan borders remain officially closed except for long distance truck drivers, however small groups of people carrying household belongings continued to cross into South Sudan at the Nimule border.
On 21 October, the UK Minister for Africa, James Duddridge, and the Special Envoy for Famine Prevention and Humanitarian Affairs, Nick Dyer, visited food assistance and nutrition operations in Bor and Pibor with WFP Country Director Matthew Hollingworth. The UK delegation were able to see the devastation caused by conflict and flooding, as well as the vital humanitarian support provided through UK aid in South Sudan. At the nutrition centre, the visitors were briefed that screening, at this centre, showed Global Acute Malnutrition  ( GAM )  rates above 30 percent; 60 percent of children arriving at the centre have malaria; and there is an ongoing measles outbreak in the Greater Pibor Administrative Area.
Boda Boda Talk Talk colleagues stationed at UN House interviewed various PoC residents who raised several questions around the importance of handwashing, the use of the hand held thermal gun for measuring temperature  ( COVID 19 ) , and how social distancing can be done within a crowded PoC environment.
Continued heavy rains and subsequent flooding in areas of South Sudan along the White Nile River have inundated crops, houses, and pastures, negatively affecting more than 700,000 people across 35 counties since July, the UN reports
Sanitation : There are segregated latrines in the medical facility.  [ IRNA Report:  [ Melut IDP settlements, Upper Nile ] ,  [ 12 13 January 2021 ] |
Household surveys conducted at mid year in refugee return locations across the country showed general insecurity, lack of livelihood opportunities and lack of basic services in countries of asylum as push factors. In South Sudan, improvement in the security situation and family reunification were major pull factors amongst others.
Forty six per cent of the refugees returned from Uganda, 25 per cent from Ethiopia, and 23 per cent from Sudan and others from neighbouring countries.
About 20 per cent of schools across the country are non functional, overwhelmingly due to years of insecurity in and around schools and the departure of teachers and students.
In 2019 alone, over 57,000 spontaneous refugee returns were reported. The majority, some 39,000 people, arrived between April and July, mostly from Khartoum at the height of political unrest in Sudan.
Ongoing tensions and clashes between cattle keepers and host communities in Juba, Kejo keji, Lainya, Morobo and Yei counties of Central Equatoria disrupted humanitarian services and impacted people's access to livelihoods and basic services
In Lainya and Yei counties, Central Equatoria, fighting between groups alleged to be National Salvation Front and South Sudan People's Defense Forces displaced 1,500 civilians to Yei town
Fighting in Budi County, Eastern Equatoria, and Akoka and Maban counties in Upper Nile resulted in civilian casualties, displacement and the suspension of humanitarian activities
The Bentiu Protection of Civilians  ( PoC )  site in Unity transitioned into a displacement camp in March; transition of the last PoC site in Malakal remains pending
33K IDPs in Protection of Civillian Sites
Relief actors including USAID/BHA partners have scaled up multi sector response efforts in highly food insecure areas of South Sudan, despite facing access challenges related to widespread insecurity and flooding.
Years of conflict, violence and human rights violations have taken an enormous toll on the country's people. Women and girls have been raped, children separated from their families, homes destroyed and property looted.
The rapid local currency depreciation which has been witnessed since 2020 continues to be a cause for concern, as there are rising basic commodity prices in local markets, and a much lower purchasing power for vulnerable households targeted with cash programmes; the continued deteriorating economic situation, could result in further widespread poverty and additional people in need of safety nets.
As of 31 January 2021, a cumulative total of 3,929 confirmed COVID 19 cases and 64 deaths had been recorded in South Sudan with a case fatality rate  ( CFR )  of 1.6 percent
Arrival and departure screening for COVID 19 was conducted at Nimule Ground Crossing, reaching a total of 7,730 travellers.
There are 11 humanitarian organizations including 1 INGOs, 5 NNGOs and 5 UN operating in Tonj South.
Ten thousand people are in catastrophe  ( IPC Phase 5 ) , 8,000 of whom are in Yirol County in Lakes. These households have an extreme lack of food  ( or other basic needs )  after exhausting all coping strategies, which can result in starvation, death, destitution extremely critical levels of acute malnutrition.
Only some 25 per cent of the country's population have access to electricity.
If the Government's commitment to improve road infrastructure in 2019/2020 materializes, this could make a significant positive impact for people and humanitarian organizations serving them.
Customary courts covering issues like marriage, divorce, childcare and property rights hear up to 90 per cent of cases in South Sudan. However, the chiefs who preside over these courts are generally older men, with deeply ingrained patriarchal views that are reflected in their decisions in favour of men.
The police, prosecutors, courts and prisons are under resourced in terms of national spending and capacity. The absence of accountability is both a root cause of and a factor in prolonging insecurity and violence.
Despite capacity building efforts by the United Nations and others, South Sudan largely lacks efficient and independent justice institutions committed to upholding the rule of law and safeguarding fundamental human rights.
Girls are especially adversely affected by this situation and are less likely to be allowed return to school when the opportunity arises, particularly given the incidence of early marriage and the burden they bear of carrying out household duties.  ( Lack of schools )
IDPs are seeking safety and assistance in all the 78 counties, with more than half hosted in Unity  ( some 247,000 IDPs ) , Central Equatoria  ( 210,000 ) , Jonglei  ( 185,000 )  and Upper Nile  ( 181,000 ) .
Across the country, while access to improved sanitation infrastructure has improved slightly since 2013, an estimated 13 per cent in 2013, around 80 per cent of the country did not have access to any kind of sanitation facility in 2018
The flood affected livelihood activities causing devastating hunger. Shortage of locally produced food is observed as many farms, and gardens are submerged in water, women forced to go to bushes to collect wild food are likely exposed to rape.  ( In Fangak as per the assessment conducted )
Women and girls were reported to be having hard times in the absence of dignity kits and shelter NFIs as most of their properties were washed away by the flood.  ( In Fangak as per the assessment conducted )
Children, women, and individuals with serious medical conditions and disabilities represent the populations most at risk.
HEALTH : 2,482,0005 people reached through medical consultations
Education Cluster : 0.2m reached out of targeted 0.8m, male 0.14m and female 0.10m that is 30%
Protection Cluster : 1.1m reached out of targeted 3.2m, male 0.62m and female 0.44m that is 33%
WASH Cluster : 1.4m reached out of targeted 3.0m, male 0.65m and female 0.78m that is 48%
In Jonglei, Upper Nile and Warrap, more than 80 per cent of the targeted people were reached with assistance and services.
As of 20 February  (  2021 )  , there are six partners including three INGOs, one NNGO, and two UN agencies operating in Tonj East.
Severe flooding across South Sudan has caused temporary displacement and disruption in service provision to more than 1 million individuals in 2020  ( OCHA ) .
As of 30 November, a cumulative total of 3,111 confirmed COVID 19 cases and 61 deaths had been recorded in South Sudan with a case fatality rate  ( CFR )  of 2 per cent.
In the COVID 19 environment, three strategic locations  ( Leer, Kajo Keji, and Raja )  are prioritized to enable organizations to deploy teams for longer term.
ES/NFI Cluster : 0.8m reached out of targeted 1.2m, male 0.37m and female 0.41m that is 64%
LOGISTICS : 6,632 metric tons of cargo transported
In Warrap State, WFP distributed 263 mt of food and nutrition items to 8,052 people in Tong East, 626 mt to 24,333 people in Tonj North, and 1,358 mt to 50,000 people in Tonj South.
As of January 2021, South Sudan confirmed 3,929 COVID 19 cases and 64 deaths.
COVID 19 is certain to further exacerbate acute food insecurity, particularly for market reliant populations as the pandemic significantly contributes to the economic crisis.
Furthermore, the second year of unprecedented flooding across the country affected more than one million people. More than 450,000 individuals were displaced, with women and children most affected.
Facing challenges to implement COVID 19 prevention measures due to the poor compliance by the community as well as medical staff in health facilities.
Humanitarian organizations faced significant challenges in accessing flooded areas where needs were already high following years of food insecurity, malnutrition, violence and displacement.
In Jonglei, floods affected 72 per cent of livestock in four assessed counties.
Flood affected people were unable to tend to their lands and livestock in many areas.
KEV messages on HEV  ( Hepatitis E )  prevention should continue within the community through HPs, CHWs and Kondial Radio.
19% of schools were attacked in Upper Nile.
9% of schools were attacked in Western Equatoria.
3% of schools were attacked in Central Equatoria.
Competition over already scarce resources has caused tension between displaced persons and host communities. Maintaining harmonious co existence between the two groups is a necessity.
Camp Coordination and Camp Management: 1.6M people in need and 571K reached
Emergency Shelter and Non Food Items: 2.3M people in need and 1M reached.
Even when asking for assistance at the help desk, the needs of persons with disabilities may not be fully recognised as the help desks are not staffed by persons with disabilities.
Nutrition Cluster partners provided nutritional assistance for 298 under five children and 220 pregnant and lactating women through 10 static nutritional facilities and 2 stabilization centres.
$1.4m funding received and 90k people reached by Camp Coordination and Camp Management Cluster  ( South Sudan Humanitarian Fund 2020 )
$4.4m Funding received and 412k people reached by Shelter and NFIs Cluster.  ( South Sudan Humanitarian Fund 2020 )
$8.2m funding received and 885k people reached by Food Security and Livelihoods Cluster.  ( South Sudan Humanitarian Fund 2020 )
Shelter and NFI needs among refugees remain high, especially among new arrivals and persons with specific needs
$9.0m funding received and 368k people reached by Nutrition Cluster.  ( South Sudan Humanitarian Fund 2020 )
Displaced people and returnees are experiencing challenges with regard to access to their lands and houses, HLP property documentation, security and protection concerns.
Years of conflict and violence have led to increased humanitarian needs among many of South Sudan's nomadic or seasonal migratory populations.
ACT Alliance members have been working in South Sudan since the time of the CPA  ( 2005 )  providing services to vulnerable communities and now planning to help people affected by the complex humanitarian crisis with lifesaving needs and resilience building activities.
Military presence: The UN Peacekeepers  ( UNMISS ) , South Sudan Defence Forces  ( SSDF )  and Police are providing protection and access to humanitarian workers
WFP has been scaling up its support in Akobo, Pibor, Aweil west, Tonj North, Tonj South and Tonj East, reaching 195,000 vulnerable people in early 2021.
Riverine floods have had a devastating effect on the vulnerable communities of Old Fangak. The flooding has disrupted people's livelihoods thereby creating a dire humanitarian situation.
These internally displaced persons  ( IDPs )  had limited access to humanitarian assistance.
Integrated Disease Surveillance  ( IDSR )  timeliness & completeness performance at county level for week 1 of 2021: The timeliness percentage was excellent for CES State and poor for Upper Nile State.
Over 2,090 people were reached with Integrated Community Case Management services Likuangole and Gumuruk payams.
Humanitarian organizations continued to scale up operations across South Sudan, intensifying efforts for people in Priority 1 counties.
The cluster reached 6,160 households with dry season livelihood assistance including vegetables seeds, farming tools and fishing kits.  ( Situation Report No. 3, as of 26 February 2021 )
Insufficient MIYCN knowledge/best practices, especially pertaining exclusive breast feeding. Most of the mothers said they introduced their children to supplementary foods at the age of 4 5 months.
Prepare request for oral cholera vaccines – pre emptive vaccination for payams sharing borders with affected locations in Ethiopia
Over 18 million m2 of land remains contaminated across 18 per cent of payams, primarily located in the Equatorias and on the main return routes of returnees.
Out of the over 12,000 individuals who fled conflict to Wau Protection of Civilians site and collective sites in 2019, 65 per cent were children, 24 per cent were women and only 11 per cent were men.
The plan  [ South Sudan Humanitarian Response Plan ]  asks for $1.7 billion in funding to enable UN aid agencies and partners to deliver lifesaving assistance to the world's youngest country.
$62M South Sudan Humanitarian Fund and $38M Central Emergency Response Fund was allocated to various sectors.
People are sleeping on ground and others are using sack as a sleeping mat. When it gets dark  ( at night )  the lactating, pregnant and elderly sleep under the veranda of the shop in the market and strong people are left standing or sleep in an open space under the tree where they are allocated.
The pre transitional period leading to the formation of a three year transitional government of unity and the return of opposition leader, Riek Machar, as the First Vice President was first extended from May to November 2019, and again by 100 days into early 2020 following regional mediation efforts.
DTM data round 8 shows that 87.7 per cent of IDPs  ( 1,403,069 people )  and 85.5 per cent of returnees  ( 1,316,232 people )  live in rural areas in host community settings
By July 2019, more than 855,000 individuals had returned to their areas of habitual residence since 2016 after being displaced within South Sudan only. Of them, more than 128,000 returned to Wau County in Western Bahr el Ghazal, nearly 48,000 to Rumbek North in Lakes, almost 46,000 to Bor South in Jonglei and some 45,000 to the capital Juba in Central Equatoria
In those five counties main push factor reported by county Insecurity  ( Tonj East )   100% Lack of food  ( Canal Pigi )   56% Lack of food  ( Akobo )   81% Insecurity  ( Koch )   71% Flooding  ( Gogrial West )   73%
The government and other education actors on the ground should fight against sexual violence and child marriage as such are barriers to children's rights to education in South Sudan.
In 2020, UNICEF supported the Ministry of Health in the vaccination of 339,076 children aged 6 – 59 months against measles through reactive campaigns and rapid response mechanisms.
South Sudan remains one of the most severe protection crises in the world with high levels of GBV and reports of significant gross human rights violations across the country.
In a survey conducted in 2019, 22 per cent of the male respondents thought that women should be prohibited from owning land
157,980 individuals provided with life saving shelter and life sustaining nonfood items by S NFI Cluster partners through coordination with all partners on ground.
Vast infrastructure projects are needed not only to ensure the sustainability of people's access to essential services, but also to create more opportunities for the country and its people.
APRIL 2020: Reduced footprint  The humanitarian footprint reduced considerably across the country in the months after COVID 19 was confirmed in South Sudan in early April.
Protection partners additionally undertook in depth protection analysis, which resulted in a targeted intervention, and local advocacy with officials in Pibor to address key protection concerns.
Thirty per cent of schools are damaged, destroyed, occupied by armed forces and armed groups or closed, and teachers have fled violence and economic stress.
Conducting community hygiene promotion with integrated COVID 19 prevention messages in order to avert poor hygiene practices and minimize the spread of Covid 19 respectively in the community levels.
Much of South Sudan's productive capacity and infrastructure have been destroyed during years of conflict, which has hampered private investment and economic growth
UNICEF launched a radio learning program to mitigate the impact of COVID 19 on learners
Vulnerabilities: 21% of total arriving HHs reported that at least one member of the HH had a vulnerability, including Breastfeeding : 14%, Physically disabled : 3%, Critically ill : 2%
Jonglei State had the worst effects impacting 404,000 people.
Intensifying the operation of the BHI program within the settlement of the IDPs to help in creating awareness.
Most of the flood affected counties have now been reached with aid.  (  by humanitarian organizations ) .
Mangalla PHCC has have enough lifesaving medical supplies supplied by HLSS through HPF but with the influx of the IDPs more live saving drugs and equipment will be needed.
Education: 3.1 M people in Need, 0.24 M  ( 30% )  people reached Emergency Shelter and NFI: 2.3 M people in Need, 0.22 M  ( 21% )  people reached CCCM: 1.6M people in need, 0.33  ( 40% )  people reached
Water, Sanitation and Hygiene: 5.5M People in Need , 1.9M  ( 63$ )  People Reached Refugee Response: 0.3M People in Need, 0.3M  ( 100% )  People reached
Food Security and Livelihoods: 6.7 M People in Need, 2.6M  ( 47% )  People reached Nutrition: 2.1M People in Need, 0.26M  ( 19% )  People reached
About 216,000 people received essential household items and emergency shelter, and nearly 243,000 children were supported with access to education in emergencies.
Markets now playing a very important role in ensuring access to basic food but the IDPs are not able to purchase food due to unaffordability of prices.
Major trade roads to Mori and Mangalla remained fairly motorable and accessible.
There were significant increases in vulnerability groups that eat eggs, milk, vegetable at least once a week. This can be attributed to decrease of food brought up by the flooding.
There is need to carry out a verification exercise to identify the exact and accurate number of IDPs that might need assistance
There only two boreholes serving both the IDPs and host community, hence drinking water directly from river Nile.
More than half of the IDPs  ( 56% )  were displaced to locations within the same payam, while 5 percent moved to another payam in the same county. Twenty nine per cent moved to another county and 9 percent to a different state.
No food items were observed in households visited.
South Sudan is also expected to see devastating flooding again this year. Last year and in 2019 flooding affected almost 1 million people.
Health interventions are integrated with nutrition and WASH services wherever possible to ensure a sustainable system of clinical services and support.
There is no vegetable in the market center despite of the availability of water for dry season vegetable production. Most of the households are concerned about lack of vegetable seeds.
These findings estimate that 7.2m people or 60% of the population will be facing high levels of acute food insecurity in April July 2021 and are in need of urgent action
There is a limited window of opportunity to respond to the needs of most affected populations in Pibor before the onset of the rainy season and subsequent flooding that will further compromises access.
However, it should also be noted that this IDPs are accommodated temporarily and with time their host will be uncomfortable, so shelter materials for IDPs are highly recommended.  ( In Fangak as per the assessment conducted )
Respondents reported feeling safe in their current location with no reported cases of insecurity tensions with the host community and all are sharing properties including natural resources  ( In Fangak as per the assessment conducted )
Families displaced prioritize ESNFI, mats, mosquito nets, and solar lamps. dignity kits and blankets.  ( In Fangak as per the assessment conducted )
Over 1.6 million of the 2.4 million refugees are children, and significant gaps exist in ensuring appropriate care for almost half of the 66,000 South Sudanese unaccompanied or separated children.
In 2020, a total of 4,146 MT of assorted food was distributed to 78,123 program participants through general food distributions  ( GFD )  and blanket supplementary feeding programme  ( BSFP ) .
However, people in some payams in Tonj East, including Paliyang, Makuach and Paweng have not received food due to insecurity.  ( as of 26 February 2021 )
Plan International South Sudan is currently implementing an integrated Pibor Famine Risk Humanitarian Response focusing on food assistance and nutrition, livelihoods, child protection and education.
• In partnership with WFP, Plan International South Sudan has been distributing food in Gumuruk, Pibor, Lekuangole and Verteth within GPAA.
The findings suggest that, in order to facilitate the use of protection services, they require a more central location that is closer to shelters of persons with disabilities and strengthened outreach activities.
Access to safe water  [ for schools ]  is lowest in Western Equatoria with 24 per cent and Upper Nile with less than 40 per cent of schools reporting having access to a functioning water source.
The UN Mission in South Sudan  ( UNMISS )  support to strengthen community security in the priority counties is ongoing.
On 7 February  ( 2021 ) , a humanitarian vehicle was stopped by armed youth between Malual Muok and Mabior Yar. The passengers were looted of personal valuables but allowed to proceed unharmed.
Since January  ( 2021 ) , 5,667 people have been reached with health services.
Physical accessibility challenges in Verteth and Pibor in Greater Pibor Administrative Area  ( GPAA )  means that food must be delivered by air, which is increases costs.
An escalation of intercommunal violence has left hundreds of people dead and many more displaced in the past two months with humanitarian agencies forced to scale down operations and evacuate.  (  December 2020 )
Scale up and improve access to basic services, including WASH and health service delivery throughout the year. This should also include emergency nutrition, especially during the lean season.
Maintain support to small scale subsistence producers in locations with less agricultural potential and include animal health support.
Top five counties where the highest proportion of assessed settlement's reported IDPs are primarily living in temporary shelters are out in the open were Nyirol 54%, Uror 54% , Luakpiny/Nasir 52%, Ulang 50%, Gogrial West 39%.
In the Greater Equatoria Region, an estimated 1.31 million people  ( 37.3% of the region's population )  were classified in Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  or worse acute food insecurity during the October to November 2020 post harvest period.
In fast growing urban areas, waste management has become an increasing strain on infrastructure and treatment facilities, and can directly impact the environment and subsequently human health.
The clashes have been exacerbated by the impact of the on going disarmament exercise. In Juba County, robberies, compound intrusions and assaults were regularly reported throughout the month.
A total of 7,109 households were reached with livelihood assistance including vegetables seeds, farming tools and fishing kits.  ( Situation Report No. 3, as of 26 February 2021 )
On 10 February, 18 civilians were killed and 14 wounded by sub national violence in Tonj South. Houses were burned down and many civilians fled to the bush.
The services are rendered at the same nutrition sites hence reporting mechanism combines both flood and non flood affected beneficiaries explaining over achievement vs targets
Restore access to clean water through EPR intervention while planning fund raising for static partner. The top priority should go to SWATs rehabilitation.  [ IRNA Report:  [ Melut IDP settlements, Upper Nile ] ,  [ 12 13 January 2021 ] |
NUTRTION PRIORITY NEEDS AND RECOMMENDATIONS   There is need for provision of supplementary food Ready to Use Therapeutic Food {RUTF} and CSB++ {Corn Soya Blend} to treat the children and mothers who are malnourished.
The floods mean extra barrier to education as impact of COVID 19 have already affected children's learning and ability of partners to respond is limited due to lack of funds.
The majority 83 per cent of the refugees in South Sudan are adopting negative coping strategies to fill the food assistance gap including selling of assets, cash borrowings, reducing meal quantities and frequency, and begging.
NUTRTION PRIORITY NEEDS AND RECOMMENDATIONS   To initiate Mobile clinic outreaches to these communities through river;
A total of 1,000 dignity kits for vulnerable women and girls were pre positioned; however, these quantities are insufficient to meet all expected needs.
A total of 700 people  ( 552 women, 148 men )  were supported with cash for protection, designed to reduce and mitigate exposure to risks, as well as enabling meaningful access to essential services
In Pibor Town, 124 caregivers and community members  ( 8 girls, 34 boys, 40 women, and 22 men )  received parenting and life skills sessions.
Partners are strongly encouraged to share with their cluster's information about their ongoing programming, new funding secured and possibilities to scale up activities.
22,184 children under five were vaccinated against measles in Pibor during a reactive campaign in December 2020.
The most urgent needs include provision of temporary learning structures, repair and maintenance of classrooms and WASH facilities and provision of education supplies.
As a result of the violence and flooding, hundreds of thousands of people have been displaced, increasing their vulnerability and acute humanitarian needs.  ( as of 8 December 2020 )
WASH assessments were completed in the area with the aim to rehabilitate the borehole in the nutrition sites and within communities, the overall target for WASH support is 24,000 HHs. Pre positioning of hygiene kit items is underway.
Cluster partners distributed more than 4,400 HH livelihoods kits and vaccinated 17,097 livestock and provided treatment for 6,336 livestock, protecting these livelihoods of over 407 HHs in Tonj East.
Top five counties where the highest proportion of assessed settlements reported that IDPs are unable to access local authorities for support were Magwi 50%, Wau 27%, Kajo keji 20%, Nagero 20%, Ezo 19%.
Successive cycles of inter communal violence and seasonal flooding are not new to Jonglei and GPAA, however, both have intensified in the last few years.
• An estimated 4,068 displaced people are in five payams in Tonj East, most are sheltering in churches, schools and public buildings, according to the Relief and Rehabilitation Commission  ( RRC ) .
NUTRITION PRIORITY NEEDS AND RECOMMENDATIONS : Provision of nutritional outreach programme to these villages through river and engaging on nutrition sensitive massages to reduce MAM and SAM cases among vulnerable groups.
Top five counties where the highest proportion of assessed settlements reported the main source of information is aid workers/community mobilisers were Tonj East 56%, Nzara 50%, Nagero 40%, Yei 38%, Gogrial East 32%.