nlp-thedeep/humsetbias huggingface dataset:
More than one third or 262 000 people living in camps in the nine local government areas of Borno in Nigeria are in a crisis situation or worse  ( phases 3 5 ) . Similarly 17 000 people among 70 000 Malian refugees in five camps in Niger are in need of increased emergency assistance. These figures must incite political decision makers and humanitarian actors to review their intervention strategies and financing arrangements.
Humanitarian actors have consistently raised concerns about the risks of UXOs, IEDs, mines and other explosive devices across the region including in areas where former IDPs have returned to their villages. About 1.5 million people are facing dangers posed by IEDs, landmines of an improvised nature, and explosive remnants of war.
In particular, the extreme high levels of prices were reported in the northeast due to persisting insecurity and its impacts on trade activities and market availabilities. Prices of staple cereals are expected to decline in the coming months in most markets as a result of the decline in petrol prices from NGN 145 to NGN 125 per litre, which will probably lower transportation costs.
According to the March 2020 "Cadre Harmonisé" analysis, the aggregate number of severely food insecure people  ( CH Phase 3: “Crisis' and above )  is estimated at about 5 million, up from the 2 million estimated in March 2019.
Boko Haram continued to carry out attacks, abductions and killings of civilians in the Northeast. The armed group carried out at least 31 attacks that resulted in at least 378 civilian deaths. The group also killed at least 16 abducted civilians.
As of April 10, there are 305 confirmed cases of COVID 19 recorded in Nigeria. Of the confirmed cases, 240 are on admission, 58 have been discharged and there are seven deaths recorded. Deaths were recorded in Lagos  ( 2 ) , FCT  ( 2 ) , Edo  ( 1 ) , Katsina  ( 1 )  and Delta  ( 1 ) .
Eight  ( 8 )  cases of Lassa fever reported as at 29 th January 2020, with 2 associated deaths. The cases are from Bolori I  ( 1 ) , Wulari Jerusalem  ( 1 ) , Bakassi IDP camp  ( 1 ) , State specialist hospital Maiduguri  ( 1 )  from MMC LGA, and 1 suspected case from London ciki area in Jere LGA of Borno state. Two  ( 2 )  cases from Bayo LGA. Two  ( 2 )  samples tested positive while, four  ( 4 )  samples were negative and 2 pending.
Nine  ( 9 )  cases of Lassa fever reported as at 1 st February 2020, with 2 associated deaths. The cases are from Bolori I  ( 1 ) , Wulari Jerusalem  ( 1 ) , Bakassi IDP camp  ( 1 ) , State specialist hospital Maiduguri  ( 1 )  from MMC LGA, and 1 case from a new location in Bayo LGA of Borno state. Two  ( 2 )  samples tested positive while, six  ( 6 )  samples were negative. The suspected case reported from Jaragol ward of Bayo LGA is negative. 1 suspected case reported from Chibok LGA through FMC Yola, sample was collected and sent to lab
Nine  ( 9 )  cases of Lassa fever reported as at 2 nd February 2020, with 2 associated deaths. The cases are from Bolori I  ( 1 ) , Wulari Jerusalem  ( 1 ) , Bakassi IDP camp  ( 1 ) , State specialist hospital Maiduguri  ( 1 )  from MMC LGA, and 1 case from a new location in Bayo LGA of Borno state. Two  ( 2 )  samples tested positive while, six  ( 6 )  samples were negative. The suspected case reported from Jaragol ward of Bayo LGA is negative. 1 suspected case reported from Chibok LGA through FMC Yola, result pending
In total for 2020, 19 states have recorded at least one confirmed case across 60 Local Government Areas .  Of all confirmed cases, 89% are from Edo  ( 38% ) , Ondo  ( 38% )  and Ebonyi  ( 11% )  states.  The predominant age group affected is 11 40 years  ( Range: >1 to 60 years, Median Age: 33 years ) . The male to female ratio for confirmed cases is 1:1.  The number of suspected cases has increased but is lower than the numbers reported in 2019.  Five Health Care Workers  Kano  ( 3 ) , Taraba  ( 1 )  and Borno  ( 1 )  were affected in the reporting week 04.
The majority of observed individuals  ( 64% )  were adult men, while 20 per cent were adult women and 16 per cent were children, including 6 per cent of children under five. Notably, 14 per cent of travellers were elderly  ( aged 60 or older ) . Travellers were primarily carrying out shortterm local movements  ( 43% ) , long term economic migration  ( 38% )  or seasonal migration  ( 11% ) .
The main nationalities observed were Nigerian  ( 51%, which corresponds to a 2 p.p. decrease from the previous month ) , Nigerien  ( 35%, a 2 p.p. increase )  and Chadian  ( 5% )  nationals. The majority of observed individuals were travelling to Niger  ( 64% ) , while 34 per cent were travelling to Nigeria and 1 per cent to Chad and Cameroon respectively. Similarly, the majority of travellers  ( 66% )  were coming from Nigeria, while 34 per cent were travelling from Niger.
In Nigeria, the Sokoto FMP captures flows between Nigeria and Niger  ( mainly to Maradi, Tahoua and Agadez )  with observed travellers split between those departing Nigeria for Niger and those arriving to Nigeria from Niger. The Kano FMP captures flows between Nigeria and Niger, Chad, and, in smaller numbers, Cameroon. Observed flows are mainly composed of outflows from Nigeria to Niger, or internal travel within Nigeria.The number of individuals observed at the Kano and Sokoto FMPs in December 2019  ( 1,269 )  witnessed a 9 per cent increase from the previous month  ( 1,163 ) . This growth is linked to increased travel observed during the end of year holiday season.
At least 96 people were killed in violent clashes between members of farmers' and herders' communities. Not less than 570 people lost their lives in 5 states in Northwest Nigeria. Again, at least 20 people were killed on 8 March during a communal clash between the Igburra Mozum and Bassa Kwomu communities in Kogi State.
The presence of IDPs was consistently indicated throughout the reporting period by most assessed settlements in Bama  ( 67% in September )  and Gwoza  ( 70% in September ) . The severe restrictions on movements and other descriptions provided by FGD participants, suggest that IDPs were reported to be present in these LGAs more often because they were caught up in the conflict and were unable to continue on to other locations. In contrast, in Marte, less than half of assessed settlements consistently reported IDPs were present in the settlement  ( 6% in September )
FOOD SECURITY AND LIVELIHOODS :Livelihoods and Food Access: Dikwa and Gwoza LGAs Dikwa consistently had the lowest proportion of assessed settlements reporting that most people were engaged in subsistence farming, however, the proportion increased throughout the reporting period from 0% in June to 39% in September. Dikwa was also the only LGA to have KIs report significant portions of assessed settlements reporting that most people were not engaged in any livelihood activity  ( 97% in June to 25% in September ) . In Gwoza, the proportion of settlements reporting most people were engaged in subsistence farming was the second lowest, ranging from 55% 81% between June and September.
Approximately 3.6 million people in Adamawa, Borno, and Yobe may face Crisis  ( Phase 3 )  or Emergency  ( Phase 4 )  levels of acute food insecurity and require urgent food assistance between June and August 2020, according to the Cadre Harmonisé  ( CH )  analysis published in November. Compared to the same three month period in 2019, when nearly 3 million people were estimated to face Crisis or worse conditions, the projected acutely food insecure population has grown by more than 20 percent.
Kala/Balge, Marte and Ngala LGAs : Similar to Bama, over 85% of assessed settlements in Kala/Balge, Marte, and Ngala consistently reported most people were engaged in subsistence farming, with the exception of Ngala in September when this was only reported by 54% of assessed settlements. In Marte, assessed settlements also reported relatively high levels of livestock possession  ( 48% in July and 25% in September ) . The proportion of assessed settlements reporting most people had access to livestock varied throughout the reporting period in Kala/Balge  ( between 5% 43% )  and was consistently low  ( 8% in September )  in Ngala. FGD participants from Marte and Ngala reported livestock being looted periodically.
WHO continues supporting risk communication activities in form of motorized van campaigns, radio programmes s and community engagement across the country.
On 12 November, officials of State Security Service beat up one journalist and fired teargas and live ammunition to disperse activists during a protest to demand for the release of prisoners of conscience Olawale Bakare and Omoyele Sowore. The Executive Director of Enough is Enough Nigeria, Yemi Adamolekun was also attacked during the protest.
The lowest proportion of assessed settlements reporting that at least one person was using a latrine was in Marte  ( 16% in July and 38% in September ) . Some FGD participants from Marte reported that people used to use latrines, but that they had been destroyed by the conflict. Most people were reportedly washing their hands with only water in 82% of assessed settlements in September. Many FGD participants shared that before the conflict people in the H2R settlement used soap, but that they no longer had access to soap.
An estimated 1.8 million Nigerians were internally displaced in northeastern Nigeria's Adamawa, Borno, and Yobe states due to conflict as of late 2019. About 240,000 Nigerian refugees have also fled violence in the northeast and sought shelter and protection in neighboring Cameroon, Chad, and Niger, the UN reports.
Overall, 44% of households with a severe or extreme severity of needs had their humanitarian needs primarily driven by an LSG  ( of severity score 3 or 4 )  in water, sanitations and hygiene  ( WASH ) , 23% primarily driven by an LSG in food security and livelihoods  ( FSL ) , and 16% primarily driven by a combination of WASH and FSL LSG. The primary driver of the remaining 17% of households with severe or extreme humanitarian needs was capacity gaps  ( 13% ) , a co occurrence of LSG in shelter and health  ( 3% ) , or a co occurrence of shelter or health or protection LSG, and high impact  ( severity score of 3 or 4 )  from the crisis  ( 1% ) .
There were 319 suspected cases, 51 confirmed cases and nine deaths recorded from 28 LGAs in 11 states and FCT  Four new healthcare workers were affected in Bauchi  ( 3 )  and Gombe  ( 1 )  states in the reporting week 11
Bama is a good example of the humanitarian situation in garrison towns in Borno State: only the main urban centres are accessible within Bama LGA, due to persisting insecurity in neighbouring rural areas, and while affected populations in urban centres might have an easier access to humanitarian actors and assistance, there is still a very high proportion of households with severe or extreme needs. This shows on the one hand that humanitarian needs especially of new arrivals from hard to reach areas are dire, notably in terms of food security and access to basic services, and prone to persist as long as displacement waves continue to occur; on the other hand, should humanitarian assistance decrease or be stopped in those urban centres, the needs of affected populations would grow even higher.
Sixteen  ( 16 )  suspected cases of Lassa fever reported as at 26th March, 2020. Four  ( 4 )  confirmed positives  ( 1 from Numan and 3 from Yola North LGA )  and 12 negatives. 1 death reported in confirmed cases.
Anecdotal evidence indicate that stigma associated with the COVID 19 can make people hide when they are sick and can also make people delay in seeking treatment.
Individuals can contribute to the reduction of stigma associated with COVID 19, especially those who work at the frontlines and also share information.
So far, since Nigeria recorded its first case on February 27 2020, the numbers of confirmed cases have risen to 28 711 with 645 deaths while 11 665 have been discharged as of 05 July, 2020.
Little progress was made in securing accountability for human rights violations and abuses committed by security forces, Boko Haram and other suspected perpetrators involved in the herders and farmers' clashes. No one was brought to justice for the killing of the Islamic Movement of Nigeria  ( IMN )  protestors in different states.
Urgent food assistance is needed for 1.4 million people in Borno and 1 million people in Yobe states. The main drivers for the significant deterioration in the food security situation and the expected increase in the number of people in need of assistance are localized cereal production shortfalls and the escalation of armed and community conflicts.
Security forces banned lawful assembly in some states, including Lagos and Rivers, and in some cases, they violently disrupted peaceful protests, such as the IMN protests in Abuja. The Unity Fountain, which serves as the rallying point for most protests in the capital city was heavily guarded by the police throughout year.
“Millions of Nigerians observing the COVID 19 lockdown lack the food and income that their families need to survive,' said Anietie Ewang, Nigeria researcher at Human Rights Watch. “The government needs to combine public health measures with efforts to prevent the pandemic from destroying the lives and livelihoods of society's poorest and most vulnerable people.'
On 17 July, the Nigeria Police made an announcement restricting all protests in the Federal Capital Territory  ( FCT )  to the Unity Fountain. In October, the Federal Capital Territory Administration closed the Unity Fountain for three months for rehabilitation and construction of a fence. In July, the Police Command in Plateau state placed a total ban on any form of public procession in the state. On 5 August, several protesters including journalists were arrested and detained across Nigeria by security officials for participating in the #RevolutionNow protest.
Nearly 8 million people are in need of urgent humanitarian aid in the conflict affected states of Borno, Adamawa and Yobe, with many depending on assistance to survive. Functional health facilities, especially in remote locations in Borno State, are scarce and over 3 million people urgently need food assistance. With the COVID 19 pandemic affecting many areas in Nigeria, it is essential for the most vulnerable to continue receiving humanitarian aid, including water and soap or substitute solutions
Attacks by Boko Haram continued and resulted in hundreds of deaths, occasioned by security forces' failure to protect civilians. The Nigeria Army, Police and State Security Service continued to torture and ill treat detainees. Communal violence continued in some parts of the country. Freedoms of assembly, association and expression were all under attack as the country witnessed an increasing shrinking civic space. The government also disobeyed several court orders.
Although Nigeria's oil sector accounts for less than 10 percent of gross domestic product  ( GDP ) , it is a key source of export earnings and government revenues. In some ways, the 2020 situation resembles the scenario after the oil shock in 2015‒16.
One of the deadliest attacks was in January when the armed group attacked Rann, killing at least 60 people and displacing more than 9,000 people. Withdrawal of security forces shortly before the attack contributed to massive exodus of civilians from Rann. At least 30 people lost their lives in July when suicide bombers attacked a football viewing center in Mandarari.
The COVID 19 has not only killed thousands of persons daily but cases of infection have also been growing in leaps and bounds.
The average reported walking time to the nearest latrine was 6 minutes for IDP HHs and 6 minutes for HC HHs
Nigerian authorities continue to detain dozens of children alongside adults in connection with Boko Haram crisis. On 29 April, Amnesty International's research confirmed that at least 68 boys were held without charge in Maiduguri Prisons. 25 detained children were released by the Nigerian Army in October and an additional 86 were released in November.
At least 2 IMN protesters were killed and more than 60 arrested on 9 July, when their peaceful protest turned violent after security officials fired live ammunition at the protestors at the National Assembly Complex. Most of those arrested continued to be held incommunicado in detention facilities in the Federal Capital Territory and in Kaduna and Niger States.
On 22 July, 11 protestors, a Deputy Commissioner of Police and a reporter for Channels Television were killed when police opened fire on IMN protestors during their procession in Abuja. Scores were injured and many arrested when officials from the Nigeria Police violently disrupted the protest, which was largely peaceful.
Security forces have arbitrarily arrested at least 200 and killed at least 10 members and supporters of the Indigenous People of Biafra  ( IPOB )  at different times during the year.
The right to freedom of expression remained increasingly restricted. Journalists, bloggers and media activists who asked federal and state authorities probing questions were variously charged with cybercrime and terrorism under the Cybercrime Act of 2015 and Terrorism  ( Prevention )   ( Amendment )  Act of 2013. Amnesty International documented 19 cases of assault, arbitrary arrests, and detention of journalists.
On 6 January, armed security forces invaded the office of Daily Trust Newspapers in Nigeria's capital city Abuja, carting away computers, laptops and mobile phones. On the same day, two of their offices in Maiduguri and Lagos were also invaded by security forces.
In November, Nigeria's National Assembly considered two draft legislations: Protection from Internet Falsehood and Manipulation and other Related Offences Bill 2019 and the Bill to establish a National Commission for the Prohibition of Hate Speech. If passed into law, the bills will give authorities arbitrary powers to shut down the internet, make criticizing the government or hate speech punishable with penalties of up to a life sentence and a maximum of death penalty.
One in four Nigerians   some 50 million people   are suffering from some sort of mental illness, according to the World Health Organization.
The northeast environment already impacted by security related challenges has been further hit by the COVID19 pandemic outbreak in Nigeria during March and its spread to Northeast in April. Measures put in place first to prevent and respond, then to contain the spread of the pandemic including border closure and the lockdown have had an adverse impact on humanitarian response and affected population access to their rights.
On 24 December, Nigerian authorities released Omoyele Sowore, prisoner of conscience and publisher of online news website Sahara Reporters on bail. Amnesty International had earlier named Sowore, Agba Jalingo and Olawale Bakare  ( aka Mandate )  prisoners of conscience and demanded that Nigerian authorities release them immediately and unconditionally and drop all charges against them. While Sowore and Bakare have been released, Agba Jalingo, a journalist and publisher of Cross River Watch newspaper remained in detention. He was arrested on 22 August and faces charges of terrorism, disturbance of public peace and conspiracy to commit terrorism. He was initially arrested for his writing and social media posts on alleged corruption in Cross River state.
In 2019, there were reports of unlawful arrests, physical abuse, sexual violence, verbal abuse and financial extortion of over 100 women in the Federal Capital Territory  ( FCT )  by the Nigeria Police and agents of the FCT Joint Task Team  ( Department of Development Control, Abuja Environmental Protection Board  ( AEPB )  and the Social Development Secretariat ) . These unlawful arrests of women on suspicion of being sex workers were carried out on streets, bars, restaurants, nightclubs and other relaxation centers.
307 Departures were recorded in Askira/Uba, Dikwa and Hawul LGAs of Borno State; Demsa, Fufore, Girei, Gombi, Hong, Madagali, Michika, Mubi North, Mubi South, Numan, Yola North and Yola South LGAs of Adamawa State also recorded departures.
Between June August 2020, more than 17.2 million people are projected to be in food insecure. North Nigeria  ( 7.1 million people )  and Central Sahel countries  ( 5.5 million people )  are the most affected areas. These figures are unprecedented in the region and show a drastic increase in the number of people food insecure.
During 16   22 March 2020, a total of 2,670 movements were recorded, composed of 2,244 arrivals and 426 departures. Arrivals were recorded at locations in Askira/Uba, Bama, Biu, Damboa, Dikwa, Gwoza, Jere, Mobbar, Monguno and Ngala Local Government Areas  ( LGAs )  of Borno State. Arrivals were also recorded in Girei, Gombi, Hong, Maiha, Michika, Mubi North, Mubi South, Numan, Song, Yola North and Yola South LGAs of Adamawa State
Violence against children persists, despite the enactment of the Child Rights Act  ( CRA ) . Since the passage of the CRA in 2003, just over 20 states out of the 36 states in Nigeria have domesticated the Act. Most Northern states are yet to domesticate the CRA. Children with disabilities continue to face discrimination and multiple barriers, despite Nigeria's legally binding obligation on the right to education.
Departures were recorded in Askira/Uba, Dikwa, Gwoza and Kala/Balge LGAs of Borno State. Departures were also recorded in Fufore, Hong, Madagali, Maiha, Michika, Mubi North, Mubi South, Numan and Song LGAs of Adamawa State.
Monguno: 907 arrivals were recorded in Monguno LGA of Borno State. The arrivals include 71 from Chad, 726 from Kukawa ward and 110 from Baga ward of Kukawa LGA. 92% of the new arrivals reported to have relocated due to military operations while 8% were reportedly voluntarily.
Rapid deterioration of the humanitarian situation and insecurity are made the delivery of the assistance more difficult, in particular in Burkina Faso  ( +800% increase in IDPs number in 12 months )  and in north east Nigeria. In the latter there are 380,000 people living in areas inaccessible to humanitarian actors and require immediate emergency food assistance
Amnesty International Nigeria has documented some cases of children who face discrimination and abuse due to their disability. 7 year old Imran Kanun Muhammad allegedly suffered sexual violence and inhuman treatment at the School for the Deaf, Kuje, Federal Capital Territory  ( FCT ) . This case which is currently in court, is being monitored by Amnesty International Nigeria
67% of IDP HHs were found to have high risk hand washing practices, it was 66% for HC HHs
In July, there were allegations of sexual abuse of female students in the School for the Blind, FCT, which led to the suspension of two teachers by the Federal Capital Territory Administration. Also, in July, the dilapidated state of the Kwara State School for Special Needs in Ilorin was uncovered by the Governor and he made commitments to improve the conditions in the school.
In April 2020, in particular and contrary to the situation prevailing in March 2020, the Maiduguri Damaturu axis connecting Borno and Yobe States turned into a “no Go' status due to increased insecurity caused by intensified operations of NSAG along this main supply route, critically hindering humanitarian access.
In Borno State, major incidents included attacks on schools and health facilities in violation of Security Council Resolution 1261  ( 1999 )  in Biu LGA in March and attacks and kidnapping of IDPs by NSAGs while out of the camps to fetch firewood and while traveling on the main supply route between Monguno and Maiduguri. Attacks on military bases and civilian soft targets as well as attempts to infiltrate camps in Dikwa, Ngala, Banki, Gwoza have also been reported.
Among IDPs, the top reported option for accessing credit was friends & family for IDPs  ( reported by 76% of HHs ) . In the HC, the top reported option was friends & family  ( reported by 84% of HHs ) .4 However, 7% of IDP HHs and 7% of HC HHs reported no access to credit.
Among IDP HHs that reported not receiving medical treatment in the last month, the most commonly reported barrier to accessing healthcare was: no cash for drugs  ( 60% of HHs ) , for HC HHs, this was: closed health center  ( 71% of HHs )
Fourteen  ( 14 )  cases of Lassa fever reported as at 12 February 2020, with 2 associated deaths. The cases are from MMC  ( 5 ) , Jere  ( 1 ) , Bayo  ( 4 ) , Chibok  ( 1 ) , Askira Uba  ( 1 ) , Gwoza  ( 1 ) , and Biu  ( 1 ) . Three  ( 3 )  samples tested positive while, nine  ( 9 )  samples were negative. 2 samples results are pending with lab, Bayo  ( 1 )  and Askira Uba  ( 1 )
As of 7 May, Nigeria recorded a total of 3,526 cases and 107 deaths of Covid 19. Borno State has recorded 116 confirmed cases. With limited capacity and pace of testing, cases could be seriously underestimated.
Askira/Uba: 256 arrivals and 93 departures were recorded in Askira/Uba LGA of Borno State. The arrivals include 168 from Uba ward and 45 from Uda/Uvu ward. Other arrivals include 33 from Mubi South LGA of Adamawa State and 10 from Maiduguri metropolitan council. The 93 departures were from Ngulde ward. 97% of the new arrivals reported to have relocated due to improved security while 3% relocated voluntarily
Ngala: 387 arrivals were recorded in Ngala LGA of Borno State. The arrivals include 210 from Rann “A' ward of Kala/Balge LGA, 36 from Maisandari ward of Maiduguri Metropolitan Council, 83 from Fotokol and 58 from Blangoua of Cameroon. 91% of the new arrivals reported to have relocated due to poor living conditions while 9% relocated voluntarily
The number of COVID 19 cases has doubled in less than a month in Nigeria, reaching more than 20,000 cases as of 22 June from slightly more than 10,000 end of May. Fatalities also nearly doubled during the same period.
Ngala: 174 arrivals were recorded in Ngala LGA of Borno State. The arrivals include 67 from Maroua, 63 from Fotokol and 44 from Makary of Cameroon. The arrivals were all due to poor living conditions.
Many other communities in Lagos live under perpetual threats of forced evictions. Nigerian authorities cited concerns around pipeline vandalization and other crimes as justification for violating people's right to housing.
Amnesty International received credible reports that security agencies, including officials from the police and the SSS carried out arbitrary detentions and kept detainees incommunicado.The security agencies are yet to account for about 600 members of the IMN whose whereabouts remained unknown since December 2015 when at least 60 IMN members were killed in Kaduna state.
Ten  ( 10 )  suspected cases of Lassa fever reported as at 18 th February, 2020. 2 confirmed positive from Numan and Yola North LGA, 7 negative and 1 pending. 1 death reported in confirmed cases.
An exhaustive nutrition screening using monitoring of symptoms of acute malnutrition mid upper arm circumference  ( MUAC )  and Oedema was conducted by Nutrition Sector partners for 129 children of 6 59 months. Of the 129 children screened, the MUAC reading was: 2 children  ( from an accessible area )  in the Red category, 6 in the Yellow category and 121 measured in the Green category. No cases of Oedema were reported in the 4 LGAs that reports were received from.
The results also include 120 children from neighbouring Cameroon, Chad and Republic of Niger. Of these arrivals, 40 children moved to Gwoza, 28 to Mobbar and 52 to Ngala; 2 of the 120 arrivals were screened into the Red category, 112 in the Green category and 6 in the Yellow category. All children found with acute malnutrition have been admitted for treatment.
The Nigeria Centre for Disease Control  ( NCDC )  is now tracing over 6,000 individuals who may have been exposed to the more than 130 confirmed cases so far. The country now has a huge task of combating a deadly disease with an extreme tracking difficulty. Abdu particularly called for the protection of children, girls and women who often are more at risk in emergency situations.
Other protection concerns in BAY States: Freedom of movement within the sites, camps and community in general has been reported as a major issue. 59.64% of 1, 569 KIIs administered in the BAY states indicated that they can always move freely within the sites. However, movements outside the sites and in particular to other LGAs remain of great concern in Borno and Adamawa States as reported by 38% of respondents  ( 33% for hardly and 5% for never ) . Three main factors restricting freedom of movement outside the camp/site to other LGAs include insecurity 62.92%, followed by the lack of documentation and curfew  ( 27.18 and 8.97% respectively ) .
The organisation has globally declared a Red Alert Emergency on COVID 19 and in Nigeria has committed to working with governments at all levels, pledging to commit parts of it's resources to task aimed at tackling the spread of the virus
Three years after the Otodo Gbame forced evictions, most of the evictees remain homeless and are living in abject poverty. Despite the Lagos High Court judgment of 21 June 2017 which held that evictions without resettlement are unconstitutional and the order restraining the government from undertaking further forced evictions in Lagos, evictions have continued unabated.
In September, Leilani Farha  the United Nations Special Rapporteur  ( UNSR )  on the Right to Adequate Housing visited Nigeria. The UNSR declared the housing conditions in Nigeria as an urgent human rights crisis. Among other recommendations, she called on the Nigerian authorities to take urgent measures to decriminalize homelessness and declare a nationwide moratorium on forced evictions.
In 2012, flood displaced 2 million people in Nigeria, additional 100000 in 2015, 92000 in 2016, 250000 in 2017, and in 2018, the National Emergency Management Agency  ( NEMA )  reported that 1.9 million people were affected.
Torture and other ill treatment remain pervasive within the Nigerian criminal justice system. The Nigeria Police especially the Special Anti Robbery Squad  ( SARS ) , the military and the State Security Service  ( SSS )  continue to subject detainees to torture and other ill treatment.
Throughout November and December, incidents involving unexploded ordnances  ( UXOs )  injured four people. One incident occurred in Dikwa LGA, Borno State on 31 December 2019, where three IDPs were injured by an UXO on the outskirts of town while fetching firewood. An unidentified explosive device also landed within the town, injuring one woman. One civilian truck drove over an improvised explosive device  ( IED )  on 27 November 2019 planted by non state armed groups, detonating upon impact and damaging the truck.
This latest influx took place just before Cameroon's general elections last weekend, as people fled ongoing violence between security forces and armed groups. The exodus comes on top of increased internal displacement witnessed in Cameroon's Northwest and Southwest regions in the last quarter of 2019.Refugees reported fleeing violence and some even arrived across the border with gunshot wounds. According to new arrivals, most come from areas near the border and have trekked across savannah and forests to reach Nigeria.
In March, a high court in Anambra state ordered the Nigeria Police to pay compensation to Ugochukwu Oraefo for unlawful detention and torture. The police have neither paid the victim nor ensured that the police officers responsible are brought to justice.
Food, shelter and health assistance remain urgent needs for new arrivals. Schools are also unable to accommodate all newly arrived refugee children, with some classrooms hosting more than 200 children at a time.
According to UN estimates, more than 679,000 people are currently internally displaced in Cameroon's Northwest and Southwest regions, in addition to the almost 60,000 who have crossed the border seeking asylum in Nigeria.
Moreover, non state armed groups increasingly set up illegal vehicle checkpoints along major roads. This concerning trend is restricting freedom of movement for civilians, hindering access for aid workers and heightening the risk of kidnappings and abductions. On 22 December, three aid workers were among a group of civilians abducted along the Monguno – Maiduguri by non state armed groups after stopping at one of these checkpoints. On 26 December, two female aid workers were brutally executed after armed groups operatives asked them to step out of a bus at an illegal checkpoint on the Gwoza – Madagali road, in the Gwoza LGA.
The latest Multi Sectoral Needs Assessment exercise highlighted the complex correlation between early marriage and access to basic services. It showed that between one to 38 per cent of households in 59 LGAs across the BAY states reported marrying off a household member below the age of 18 years as a coping mechanism due to lack of access to basic goods and services, safety and security concerns. Some of the marriages are being facilitated through the sale of food rations, which would contradict the principle of “do no harm'.
Morbidity and mortality associated with climate change could arise from more frequent outbreaks of endemic and emerging water borne and vector borne infectious diseases such as cholera, Lassa fever, cholera as well as injuries and mortality that follow extreme weather events, like heatwaves and floods.
In December, 57 girls and 404 boys from 13 LGAs in Borno State were formally separated from the Civilian Joint Task Force and will receive reintegration support within their communities.
In some states, legislative steps were taken to expand the scope of the death penalty. In March, Rivers state amended its laws to prescribe the death penalty for kidnapping and cultism by adopting the Rivers State Secret Cult and Similar Activities  ( Prohibition )   ( Amendment )  Law No.6 of 2019 and the Rivers State Kidnap  ( Prohibition )   ( Amendment )  No.2 Law No.7 of 2019.
With a estimated population of 21 million, Lagos is the largest city in Africa. The city'seconomyis bigger than that of 42 African nations, including Ghana, Kenya and Tanzania. Its economic growth attracts rapid urbanisation: the metropolis is thought to receive some123,000 migrantsdaily, including many IDPs.
Following the NSAGs attack in Monguno on 7 January 2020 that left many shelters burnt, the sector organized a joint assessment to inform the response.
In November and December 2019, access to provide health services remained a major challenge across many locations, particularly in Borno State, as Health Sector partners rely on UNHAS helicopters to reach the communities. Many organizations providing health services restricted their staff from using roads due to the insecurity, further limiting access to populations in need of critical medical services.
As of 1st April, Nigeria had recorded 173 cases of Coronavirus, predominantly in Lagos, Abuja and Ogun state. With 82 cases, the city of Lagos is so far most affected. In a bid to contain the virus, Lagos has been under total shutdown since 29th March. The shutdown is difficult for all city dwellers, but it is particularly challenging for internally displaced people  ( IDPs )  and the urban poor.
African innovators have shown creativity and ingenuity in finding solutions to fight the COVID 19 pandemic, but face legal barriers to safeguarding their intellectual property.
Askira/Uba LGA in Borno State registered the highest number of new arrivals due to poor living conditions and voluntary relocations. Meanwhile, Hong LGA in Adamawa State recorded the highest number of departures during the reporting period. Security incidents throughout December led to an influx of new arrivals into MMC, Jere and Konduga LGAs in Borno State.
Many innovations in Africa lack the protection necessary to make business models scalable and meaningful.
For Nigeria's rural community dwellers, the constant clashes lead to arsons and killings and have in the last five years taken a steady rise. A 2019 report by Foreign Affairs puts the death toll at 10,000 within a two year period.
The situation that unfolded in Rann, Kala/Balge LGA  ( Borno State )  throughout November and December is indicative of the operational challenges in delivering humanitarian aid in the north east. Floods from the River Kaalia in neighboring Cameroon damaged more than 4,000 hectares of farmland that people rely on as their main source of food. By the end of the year, some 85 per cent of the farmlands were reportedly flooded, leaving the population without food. However, access constraints due to poor road conditions and insecurity hindered aid organizations from reaching the location to provide food assistance
In November and December, insecurity increased in accessible areas compared to previous months. Ngala LGA of Borno State experienced the highest influx of new arrivals in November, totalling 1,589 newly displaced people according to the IOM Emergency Tracking Tool. The majority of new arrivals came from Rann, Kala/Balge LGA citing poor living conditions and lack of food assistance as the main driver for their displacement, due to flooding of farmlands and insecurity in the area. In December, partners reported a total of 6,344 new arrivals and 2,061 departures across the BAY states.
This helplessness then presents two views;  ( a )  an unwillingness to solve the problem by the state and the political/elite class, and  ( b )  lack of capacity and capability to deal with it by the Nigerian state.
The Nigerian military has burned and forcibly displaced entire villages in response to a recent escalation in attacks by the armed group Boko Haram, Amnesty International said today, based on interviews with affected villagers in Borno State and satellite data analysis
The military also arbitrarily detained six men from the displaced villages, continuing a pattern of violations Amnesty International has documented throughout the country's decade long armed conflict in the northeast. The men were held incommunicado for almost a month and subjected to ill treatment, before their release on 30 January 2020.
The town's population largely fled to neighboring Ngala in search of food, arriving in already overcrowded conditions in the reception centre there. In response, the Inter Sector Working Group  ( ISWG )  activated the Rapid Response Mechanism  ( RRM )  and conducted assessment missions to Rann and Ngala on 20 November to identify needs and preposition assistance in Ngala.
There were 531 suspected cases, 104 confirmed cases and six deaths reported from 39 LGAs in 15 states  ( Ondo, Edo, Ebonyi, Kano, Kogi, Kaduna, Delta, Taraba, Plateau, Bauchi, FCT, Gombe, Enugu, Kebbi and Anambra ) .  One new Health Care Worker was affected in Delta state in the reporting week.
There were 18 suspected cases of Cerebrospinal Meningitis  ( CSM )  reported from ten LGAs in four states  ( Borno – 1, Edo – 4, Katsina – 12 & Osun – 1 ) . None was laboratory confirmed and no death was recorded
Residents from Bukarti consistently described to Amnesty International scores of Nigerian soldiers arriving during the late morning of Friday 3 January. They said soldiers went house to house and to surrounding farmland, forcing everyone to gather under a tree and by a graveyard between Bukarti and the main road. Soldiers also rounded up people from neighbouring Matiri and brought them to the same area.
An exhaustive nutrition screening using monitoring of symptoms of acute malnutrition mid upper arm circumference  ( MUAC )  and Oedema was conducted by Nutrition Sector partners for 269 children of 6 59 months. Of the 269 children screened, the MUAC reading recorded 3 children  ( from Inaccessible area )  in the Red category, 24 in the Yellow category and 242 measured in the Green category. No cases of Oedema were reported in the 4 LGAs that reports were received from.
The WASH Sector continues to face challenges in delivering services due to bureaucratic bottlenecks imposed on the movement of humanitarian trucks, as well as restrictions on the transport of fuel to deep field locations. This is impeding partners from desludging latrines, trucking water and pumping water via motorised systems that require fuel in some areas.
Latest attacks affected 2,613 individuals, including 51 injuries and 30 fatalilies, in Batsari, Faksari, Kankara, Sabuwa LGAs of Katsina State and Gusau LGA of Zamfara State between 01   05 July 2020. The attacks caused people to flee to neighboring localilies.
From December 2019, Boko Haram has increasingly carried out attacks in northeastern Nigeria, particularly along the important road between Maiduguri and Damaturu, the capitals of Borno and Yobe States. A recent Amnesty International research mission to Borno State shows that, in response to the attacks, the Nigerian military has resorted to unlawful tactics that have had a devastating effect on civilians and may amount to war crimes.
Adamawa State continued to be impacted by conflict between farmers and herdsmen in Saminkaka, Sabon Peggi, Rumde, Ngolumba, Gudawoand Namtari communities, Ngurore and Namtari wards, Yola South. These conflicts resulted in the loss of livelihoods and heightened tension within the communities. Moreover, cases of abduction, hostage taking, and armed banditry continued to be reported in communities in Mubi South and North, Michika and Madagali LGAs.
Ten  ( 10 )  suspected cases of Lassa fever reported as at 21st February, 2020. 2 confirmed positive from Numan and Yola North LGA and 8 negatives. 1 death reported in confirmed cases.
Around 3 pm on 3 January, soldiers demanded everyone walk to the main road, where the villagers were forced to board large trucks. Witnesses said that, as they were loaded into the trucks, some of the soldiers returned to Bukarti. The witnesses then saw their village burning. The trucks then took more than 400 women, men, and children from Bukarti and Matiri to an internally displaced persons  ( IDP )  camp near Maiduguri.
A Rapid Needs Assessment conducted in November in Gamboru, Ngala LGA of Borno State highlighted the need to boost the income of households who are covering both their own food needs and those of dependent relatives through income generating activities. The study further indicated that the ongoing crisis has disrupted livelihood activities and access to basic services in Ngala, which was previously the main hub for business activities along the trade route between Nigeria and Chad/Cameroon. This has led to a reliance on humanitarian food assistance.
The next day, on 4 January, soldiers went to Ngariri, a village across the main road from Bukarti, according to three residents of Ngariri. Soldiers assembled primarily older women and men, as younger adults had already fled to surrounding farmland, and forced them aboard a truck that took them to Maiduguri. Ngariri was then razed. People who returned to check on Bukarti and Ngariri told Amnesty International that everything was torched. Satellite imagery corroborates both villages were burned in early January.
Witnesses interviewed by Amnesty International said they could not bring belongings with them, so lost everything – their homes, jewellery, clothes, and, most devastatingly, the crops they stored after the harvest.
The soldiers beat at least some of the men with large sticks and put them in military vehicles. The military held the men incommunicado for almost a month; relatives and village leaders were unable to determine where the men were held. All six men were released on 30 January. They have not been charged with any crime.
The shelter and NFI needs of the vulnerable population exceed partner's capacity to deliver. Lack of available land to construct additional shelters remains the most insistent issue requiring joint advocacy by all humanitarian partners.
The major types of incident of the month include SGBV incident  ( 22 ) , Attack by NSAG  ( 8 ) , Physical Assault  ( 4 ) , Destruction of property  ( 3 ) , Land disputes ( 2 )  and others ( 19 )  While in Borno and Yobe States the major incidents are Security and GBV related, In Adamawa and Yobe States, the incidents include forceful evictions and disputes over land property. For two consecutive month, SGBV incidents and attacks by NSAG are the main incidents recorded
Conflict affected communities in north east Nigeria are increasingly vulnerable to the COVID 19 pandemic as cases begin to be reported in Borno State. An outbreak would have devastating consequences for millions of internally displaced persons  ( IDPs )  throughout the region, a majority of whom live in overcrowded and underserviced camps.
State forces were responsible for some of the increase as they violently enforced lockdown measures. Rioters demanding economic relief also fought back against coronavirus lockdown measures, resulting in clashes with police forces. Meanwhile, Boko Haram factions remained active in Nigeria's Zamfara state and across the country's border with Cameroon
The cattle sector is highly productive, and particularly the commercial systems. Productivity has however increased in all systems with respect to today, because of availability of both public and private goods and services along the value chain.
The lack of legal documentation is still hampering the freedom of movement of PoCs and other human rights violations. The lack of birth certificate also puts individuals, especially children at risk of statelessness, early marriage, abduction and inability to access education which is already a concern in BAY states.
A Multi Sectoral Rapid Assessment undertaken in Rann, Kala/Balge LGA of Borno State in December indicated that food insecurity is higher among households whose farmlands were destroyed by floods. As a result, affected households lost their livelihoods and income, thereby decreasing their purchasing power. The assessment recommended the urgent need to provide general food assistance for the IDPs and host communities and closely monitor the food security situation over the coming months.
The security situation around Borno's capital, Maiduguri, appears to be going from bad to worse. On February 9, The Boko Haram faction Islamic State in West African  ( ISWA )  shot or burned alive some thirty people sleeping in their cars and trucks that night outside the town of Auno, some ten miles from Maiduguri. They also kidnapped others. The victims had arrived in Auno after curfew, the gates to the town were closed, and the military had departed, presumably for their supercamp in Maiduguri, according to media.
In November, nutrition needs across the BAY States remained high despite the ongoing harvest season, whereas in December, malnutrition reduced slightly as the crop harvesting season progressed. Nutrition partners focused on improving the quality of Infant and Young Child Feeding  ( IYCF )  programmes to prevent acute malnutrition and on improving the quality of nutrition services and multi sectoral integration, particularly with the Health Sector.
Although IDMC has not verified a figure for the total number of IDPs in Lagos, numbers are thought to exceed 100,000. [ 1 ] Existing structural inequalities and discriminatory policies make them susceptible to further vulnerabilities and human rights violations, including deportation back to their regions of origin. The shutdown and its enforcement will exacerbate these vulnerabilities and expose IDPs in Lagos to further violations of human rights.
During 3   9 February 2020, a total of 2,545 movements were recorded, composed of 2,033 arrivals and 512 departures. Arrivals were recorded at locations in Maiduguri Metropolitan Council, Askira/Uba, Bama, Chibok, Damboa, Gwoza, Hawul, Jere, Konduga, Mafa, Mobbar and Ngala Local Government Areas  ( LGAs )  of Borno State. Arrivals were also recorded in Girei, Gombi, Hong, Madagali, Maiha, Michika, Mubi North, Mubi South, Numan, Song, Yola North and Yola South LGAs of Adamawa State. Departures were recorded in Askira/Uba, Bama, Dikwa, Gwoza and Kala/Balge LGAs of Borno State. Departures were also recorded in Girei, Gombi, Hong, Maiha, Michika, Mubi North, Mubi South, Numan, Song and Yola South LGAs of Adamawa State.