nlp-thedeep/humsetbias huggingface dataset:
83% of returnees were reported to be back in their own homes at their area origin. The remaining returnees are in rented accommodation  ( 9% ) , with host families  ( 7% )  and other shelter arrangements  ( 1% ) .
Haftar's militias have also targeted a cafe near "Al Safwa" hospital in Al Hadaba district, wounding two of the hospital's staff, one of them was reported to be in a critical condition.
In a new report on the July 2019 airstrikes in Libya that killed at least 53 migrants and refugees at the Tajoura detention centre – one of the deadliest incidents since a new round of hostilities broke out in April 2019 – the UN has renewed its call on all parties to the conflict to conduct independent, impartial and thorough investigations to ensure accountability for violations of international law.
This is the third attack to affect health personnel and facilities this year   two health workers have been killed and five others injured in such attacks since the beginning of the year. That's according to the World Health Organization  ( WHO ) .
The first explosion occurred in a vehicle repair workshop and maintenance facility approximately 105 meters eastwards of the detention centre. According to DCIM officials, the vehicle repair workshop and maintenance facility were overseen by the Daman Brigade and used to provide services to all GNA security agencies in Tajoura. DCIM officials stated that the workshop had no connection to the detention centre.
In addition, many children may have come to Libya via routes controlled by human trafficking gangs, where violence, exploitation and abuse are not uncommon.
Most of the youngsters have also lost out on schooling – either breaking off their studies when they left home, or in many cases never having attended classes at all. This can also be an issue causing them a high degree of stress – the knowledge they have missed out on opportunities for a better future.
Suicide attempts, aggressive behaviour, sleep disorders and bedwetting – these are just some of the symptoms displayed by many young asylum seekers and refugees in Libya who have faced violence and suffering at home as well as during their difficult and dangerous journeys.
Children and their families have also often experienced or seen shocking levels of violence since arriving in Libya, which has suffered widespread conflict and instability since a 2011 uprising to overthrow former leader Muammar Gaddafi. Many have witnessed things that no child should ever see, leaving them highly stressed and anxious.
Children clearly enjoyed attending the sessions, opening up about their family experiences in the safe environment it provides. One nine year old boy, Mohammed*, told the psychotherapist that he does not like war, explaining that his mother and brother were both killed.
From the damage and the lack of any crater on the floor of the building, it appeared that the bomb had detonated on impact with the roof. Daman Brigade interlocutors stated that the explosion had destroyed a pickup vehicle parked for repairs under the impact site and that the remains had been removed from the site in the morning of 3 July. UNSMIL observed some rounds of 23 mm ammunition on the floor of the building. Interlocutors reported that this was old ammunition left at the start of the conflict.
Based on its investigation, UNSMIL assesses that the vehicle repair workshop and maintenance facility, located 105 meters to the east of the detention centre, were hit by an air delivered bomb. The facility is a one story structure with a concrete roof reinforced with rebar  ( metal ) . The explosion occurred on the roof of the eastern wing of the structure where it left a hole estimated 2.5 3 meters in diameter. While debris remained visible at the time of the visit, it was apparent that efforts had been made to clear up the area inside the building as earth moving equipment was in use in the vicinity of the structure. There were no signs of a secondary explosion.
The Libya Humanitarian Needs Overview for 2020 was published last week and estimates that 900,000 people are in need of assistance in Libya. This is over 13 per cent of Libya's population.
The third child died after he was lodged at the intensive care unit at the hospital. The first two children died on the spot as Haftar's forces shell fell on them directly.
Fighting was largely centred in the Tripoli region, where GNA artillery fire reportedly destroyed six vehicles and killed an unspecified number of LNA soldiers.
UNHCR, the UN Refugee Agency, announced today, Thursday, 30 January, that it is suspending its operational work at the Gathering and Departure Facility  ( GDF ) , fearing for the safety and protection of people at the facility, its staff and partners amid worsening conflict in Tripoli, Libya.
Meanwhile, the media consultant of the Health Ministry Ameen Al Hashimi confirmed the number of killed children and said other children were wounded, adding that they were on their way to school and that they aged between 9 and 12 years old.
Haftar's forces are still breaching the ceasefire on different frontlines in southern Tripoli, attempting to advance on new positions on a daily basis by firing rockets and shells on civilian neighborhoods leaving a number of deaths and injuries.
Last week, UNHCR registered 328 individuals at its Sarraj registration office. The group included individuals from Sudan, Syria, Eritrea, Iraq, Palestine, Somalia and Ethiopia. UNHCR also registered 129 individuals at Souq Al Khamees detention centre in Misrata  ( 190 km east of Tripoli ) . So far in 2020, a total of 1,045 have registered with UNHCR in Libya.
The decision by the Italian government to ignore the horrific abuses being inflicted on tens of thousands of people in Libya, and renew the Italy Libya deal that traps them in the war ravaged country, is a shameful display of how far EU governments are prepared to go to keep refugees and migrants from Europe's shores, said Amnesty International.
According to the Secretary General's latest report on UNSMIL, 140,000 people have fled since Haftar's assault on Tripoli, 284 civilians have been killed, and 363 have been injured
Eyewitnesses confirmed Tuesday morning that random shells fell on different areas like Salah Al Deen and Al Hadba, leading to material damages to cars and houses as well as massacring the three children.
Yesterday, two more children were killed in shelling on the residential neighbourhood of al Karamiya al Sharqiya in Tripoli. The medical team trying to rescue those injured in the attacks were themselves affected by shelling near a local hospital.
Reportedly, local crisis committees also requested humanitarian safe passages for civilians towards safer areas. The increasingly volatile security situation, request for evacuation, and displacement pattern observed so far represents serious protection concerns with regards to the protection of civilians.
The decreased cost of the food has improved food security indicators, but this has not been across the board, with food prices rising in many parts of the south during 2019. Despite improvements, 30 per cent of households still report food affordability challenges. As a result, around 64 per cent of Libyan households and 78 per cent of migrant and refugee households report employing negative coping strategies to afford food, including reducing the number and size of meals per day, withdrawing children from schools, or selling assets.¹
Around 39 per cent of all people in need – 893,000 people – have acute humanitarian needs as a result of exposure to physical and mental harm, a partial or total collapse of living standards and basic services, and increased reliance on the use of negative coping strategies.
Among returnees and non displaced Libyans, 353,000 people face significant challenges meeting their basic needs, due to limited cash and/or access to services. Furthermore, many areas, in particular all major frontline areas in the greater Tripoli area, as well as some areas with the highest returns, like Benghazi and Sirt, remain contaminated by explosive remnants of war  ( ERW ) , posing grave risks to people's wellbeing, living standard and livelihoods.
Protection risks are most significant for refugee and migrants, compared to other groups of concern. Risks include unlawful killings, torture, sexual and gender based violence  ( SGBV ) , arbitrary detention, forced labour and extortion. Refugee and migrant children are far more likely to report no access to education, particularly in the south. Women and girls are more likely to have poorer nutrition, access to shelter and less opportunities for work than male refugees and migrants.
While the security situation in the eastern region has remained relatively calm, sporadic clashes continue to occur and there are regular reports of kidnappings, forced disappearances and assassinations. An attack on 10 August outside a shopping mall in the eastern city of Benghazi left three United Nations staff members dead and two others injured, in addition to several further Libyan civilian casualties
The situation in the south of the country remains volatile. The security vacuum, particularly since the withdrawal of many of the LNA's troops to focus on the Tripoli offensive, has contributed to the emboldening of criminal gangs, smuggling of illicit goods, human trafficking, and clashes between tribal militias, leading to the degradation of living conditions. Inter communal hostilities escalated into violent clashes in Murzuq in August 2019, resulting in more than 90 civilian deaths, more than 200 people injured, and 28,000 people displaced.
On 30 January, UNHCR announced that it is suspending its operations at the Gathering and Departure Facility  ( GDF ) , a transit centre inaugurated just over a year ago in Tripoli, fearing for the safety and protection of people at the facility, its staff and partners.
“Tens of thousands of refugees and migrants are trapped in an escalating war zone. Those who try to escape by sea risk interception and return to detention centres, often in conflict areas. By supporting the Libyan authorities in stopping sea crossings and containing people in Libya, Italy has made itself complicit in this abuse,' said Marie Struthers.
The week began with the so called Berlin Conference, in which foreign parties agreed to enforce an arms embargo and refrain from escalating their involvement in the conflict in Libya  ( AP, 19 January 2020 ) . The agreement, however, did little to reinforce a stuttering ceasefire. Government of National Accord  ( GNA )  and Libyan National Army  ( LNA )  forces continued to clash, despite an overall reduction in violence.
UNHCR will also facilitate the evacuation of hundreds of other people to urban areas. This includes around 400 asylum seekers who had left the Tajoura detention centre after it was hit by air strikes last July as well as some 300 asylum seekers from the Abu Salim detention centre who entered the GDF last November after being spontaneously released from detention by the authorities. All will be provided with cash assistance, relief items and medical assistance at UNHCR's Community Day Centre in Tripoli.
Hopton clarified during his meeting with the High Council of State  ( HCS )  head, Khaled Al Mishri that the resolution urges the United Nations and the international community to take all measures to achieve a ceasefire, through a monitoring mission and other means, according to the HCS Information Office.
Due to worsening security in Tripoli, the psychosocial programme for children is being put on hold for the time being. UNHCR hopes to be able to find new alternatives to continue this important work.­­­­­­­­­
The 13 page report, published today by the UN Support Mission in Libya  ( UNSMIL )  and the UN Human Rights Office, also calls for urgent action to prevent a similar tragedy from happening in a conflict in which at least 287 civilians were killed and some 369 civilians injured in 2019, with 60 percent of these casualties attributed to airstrikes.
The report is based on visits by UNSMIL personnel to the site, analysis of video footage and other evidence, as well as subsequent interviews with survivors and witnesses. It finds that on 2 July an air delivered bomb struck a vehicle repair workshop operated by the Daman Brigade, an armed group allied with Libya's Government of National Accord  ( GNA ) .
A second airstrike 11 minutes later hit the Tajoura Detention Centre, a large hangar located in the same complex where 616 migrants and refugees were being held. The second section of the hangar, where 126 people were detained took a direct hit, killing at least 47 men and six boys.
As of the end of December 2019, some 3,186 people were being held in migration detention centres without due process and in conditions falling below international minimum standards. Currently, an estimated 2,000 migrants are exposed to or are in close proximity to the fighting in and around Tripoli.
Following the airstrikes in July, all migrants and refugees were released from the Tajoura Detention Centre. On 1 August 2019, the GNA announced its intention to close three detention centres, including Tajoura. However, according to the latest information received by the UN Human Rights Office, the Tajoura Detention Centre remains open.
DCIM reported that at least 53 migrants and refugees were killed in the attack, namely 47 men and six boys. Those killed were reportedly citizens of Algeria, Chad, Bangladesh, Morocco, Niger and Tunisia. DCIM also stated that 87 male migrants and refugees were injured. Injured migrants and refugees were transferred to four different hospitals in Tripoli, namely the Tripoli University Hospital, Mitiga Hospital, Abu Slim Hospital, and the National Heart Center  ( also called Tajoura Heart Hospital ) . Fifteen of those injured were returned to detention following treatment.
Following the attacks, 380 migrants and refugees remained inside the Tajoura detention centre, including 25 women and 15 children under the age of 12. Forty one women were detained in the facility at the time of the airstrikes, and whilst there were no casualties among them, female migrants and refugees interviewed in connection to the incident showed signs of trauma and anxiety. Migrants and refugees interviewed by UNSMIL confirmed they feared reprisals and, therefore, did not provide names of victims during interviews.
According to DCIM officials in Tajoura, all the casualties at the detention centre were caused by the airstrikes. Migrants and refugees interviewed by UNSMIL alleged that three fatalities occurred through gunfire.
On 2 July 2019, the first airstrike hit the vehicle repair workshop and maintenance facility at 23:28. This was confirmed by DCIM, as well as video footage from a surveillance camera on site. The airstrike damaged the structure. According to DCIM officials, the same facility had been hit by an airstrike on 7 May 2019, resulting in the destruction of a vehicle.
According to migrants, refugees, and DCIM representatives interviewed by UNSMIL, 126 migrants and refugees were detained inside the section hit by the airstrike. Migrants and refugees indicated that they were not allowed to leave following the initial airstrike and that some who had done so were forced to return to the hangar that was later hit by the airstrike.
In addition to the migrants and refugees killed and injured in the incident, 96 migrants and refugees allegedly went missing after the incident, according to DCIM. Neither the Head of Tajoura DCIM nor migrants and refugees could confirm this number to UNSMIL or provide information on the whereabouts of the missing.
Most migrants and refugees held at the detention centre during the incident were relocated to the Gathering and Departure Facility in central Tripoli in the days following the attack. On 6 July, UNSMIL was also informed by DCIM that it had returned 15 migrants and refugees to Tajoura detention centre who had been injured in the attack and had received treatment at a hospital.
In interviews conducted by UNSMIL in May 2019, two migrants and refugees had stated that at least four migrants and refugees at the Tajoura detention centre were taken to the workshop and ordered to repair damaged cars, load, clean weapons, and ammunition after the outbreak of hostilities around Tripoli on 4 April 2019.
On 6 July 2019, migrants and refugees remaining at the Tajoura detention centre started a hunger strike, refusing daily food. They stated that the centre was not a safe location and complained about forced labour. Some migrants and refugees reported being forced to work inside the facility, including cleaning, cooking, offloading heavy items, and washing the vehicles of DCIM officials. They also reported that some of them were taken out of the detention facility to work in the port offloading military items.
The 12 January truce agreed by the Government of National Accord  ( GNA )  and the Libyan National Army  ( LNA ) , which led to remarked reduction of hostilities in Tripoli, has provided a much needed respite for civilians in the capital. However, this fragile truce is now threatened by the ongoing transfer of foreign fighters, weapons, ammunition and advanced systems to the parties by member states, including several who participated in the Berlin Conference.
During round 28 MSLA data collection, key informants in the 100 municipalities  ( baladiya )  of Libya reported on a total of 4,979 schools, including 3,650 public schools and 1,329 private schools. Key informants reported that at the time of the assessment a total of 3% public and 7% private schools were not operational for various reasons such as destroyed due to armed conflict or being utilized for sheltering IDPs in need of emergency shelters. A total of 28 schools were reported to be used as shelters for IDPs, whereas 44 schools were reported to be fully destroyed due to armed conflict.
The priority needs identified for IDPs were food assistance, shelter, health services and non food items  ( NFIs )  as shown in Figure 13. For returnees, key priority needs were found to be food assistance, followed by non food items, support in provision of water, sanitation and hygiene  ( WASH )  services, and health services as shown in Figure 14
During the reporting period, Murzuq region was identified to host the fourth largest population of IDPs in Libya  ( 28,660 individuals ) . A majority of the IDPs displaced in Murzuq region  ( 56%, 16,230 individuals )  were identified to be displaced within the region since August 2019 due to deterioration of the security situation in Murzuq city. A significant number of IDPs displaced from Murzuq region  ( 11,615 individuals )  were also identified to have displaced to various municipalities in the neighboring regions of Aljufra, Sebha, Ubari, and Wadi Al Shati.
Furthermore, access to humanitarian services was cited more frequently  ( 35% )  during this round as a reason behind IDPs decision to choose their place of displacement than in the previous round  ( 31% )  indicating a slight increase in the role of humanitarian assistance as a factor in displacement related decision making. While access to livelihood opportunities  ( 33% )  and availability of basic services  ( 29% )  were also found to have influenced IDP families' decisions of choosing their specific locations of displacement.
The municipalities of Abusliem, Suq Aljuma, Tajoura and Ain Zara host 84 percent of the total IDP population in the Tripoli region  ( 70,036 IDP individuals ) . The majority of IDPs seeking shelter and protection in these municipalities were displaced from the conflict affected areas of Ain Zara and southern Tajoura from within the Tripoli region, and from the municipalities of Al Aziziya, Qasr Bin Ghasheer and Swani Bin Adam in Aljfara region. These trends indicate that the conflict driven displacement in Tripoli largely follows a localized pattern as a majority of displaced households seek protection at safer locations in the vicinity of their areas of origin.
This indicates regional variation in the key informant identified humanitarian needs for IDPs and returnees, where for IDPs in Tripoli region  ( mantika )  the top three humanitarian needs were related to the provision of humanitarian assistance in the sectors of health, food, and shelter.
The majority of key informants reported that IDPs and returnees in need were unable to meet their basic needs such as food and non food items due to reported price hikes  ( inflation )  and limited or irregular supply of the needed items on the market. The health services were reported to face challenges related to irregular supply of medicines and more than one third of private and public health facilities not being fully operational.
The sustained use of air strikes and artillery shelling in the vicinity of areas inhabited by civilians continues to negatively impact the safety and lives of the civilian population in southern Tripoli region  ( mantika )  and surrounding areas. Since the start of armed conflict in South Tripoli on 04 April 2019, over 149,000 individuals have been displaced to relatively safer neighborhoods around Tripoli, the Nafusa mountains and along the coastal line in Western Libya. IDP families displaced to locations close to areas of conflict remain at risk, along with host community members providing them with shelter.
Since early April, the security situation in conflict affected areas in south Tripoli has remained volatile. During the round 28 data collection period  ( November   December 2019 ) , DTM identified an additional 1,836 displaced families  ( approximately 9,180 individuals ) , bringing the total number of internally displaced persons from South Tripoli to at least 29,863 families  ( approximately 149,315 individuals )  who have been forced to leave their homes due to armed conflict since the start of hostilities on 04 April 2019. The number of IDPs forced to leave their homes due to armed conflict in western Libya since April 2019 now constitutes 42% of the total displacement in Libya.
This report presents the findings of the Round 28 MSLA covering multisectoral priority needs of IDPs and returnees, details of IDP shelter settings, and key findings related to education, food, health, non food items  ( NFI )  and access to markets, protection  ( security and Mine Action ) , water sources  ( WASH ) , and other public services.
Similarly, a majority  ( 69% )  of interviewed key informants indicated that IDPs moved to their respective locations of displacement due to better security prospects in these areas. Most key informants  ( 59% )  also reported that the presence of relatives, or existing social and cultural bonds at the locations of displacement played a role in IDP families' decision making where to seek safety. These findings further reinforce that the deterioration of the security situation due to armed conflict is the most significant driver of displacement in Libya.
While humanitarian actors including RRM* had provided assistance to the vulnerable families in the immediate aftermath of the displacement, there still remains a gap and unmet humanitarian needs for the displaced families from Murzuq, particularly in Ubari, Wadi al Shati, and Al Jufra. Chronic underdevelopment and existing structural issues in southern Libya exacerbate the humanitarian situation of the families displaced from Murzuq, and with the focus on ongoing armed conflict in western Libya there is a risk of displacement in southern Libya becoming a forgotten crisis.
Across Libya, during round 28 data collection, key informants identified only 64% of all health facilities as operational, while 31% were reported partially operational and 5% were reported to be not operational at all. Across all municipalities, only 55% of the hospitals were reported to be operational, while 38% were partially operational and 7% were reported non operational. Figure 23 presents the statistics on reported operational, partially operational, and non operational private and public health facilities
Since August 2019 over 5,643 families  ( 28,215 individuals )  have been displaced in Murzuq due to conflict related deterioration in the security situation. The majority of the IDP families were displaced to surrounding areas in Southern Libya, however arrivals were also observed in more distant locations along the coastal municipalities in the Eastern and Western regions of Libya.
Overall, the Tripoli region  ( mantika )  currently hosts the largest number of internally displaced persons  ( IDPs )  in Libya. In the context of ongoing armed conflict in and around south Tripoli since April 2019, and the protracted cases of previously displaced households, the municipalities of Tripoli collectively host almost 79,000 IDPs. In Round 28 the decline in return movements identified over the previous rounds continued, indicating that the current crisis poses a critical obstacle for IDPs to return to their areas of origin.
Visible presence of UXOs was reported in 8 municipalities. Residents were reported as not being able to move safely within their area of residence in 17 municipalities. In municipalities where movement was restricted, the main reason was insecurity  ( 15 municipalities ) , road closures  ( 8 municipalities ) , and presence of unexploded ordinance  ( at least 1 municipality )
In Round 28, the number of internally displaced persons  ( IDPs )  identified in Libya increased from 343,180 IDPs to 355,762 IDPs. New displacements during the reporting period were primarily due to continued armed conflict in western Libya  ( Tripoli mantika and surrounding regions ) .
Following the escalation of the security situation in Murzuq at the beginning of August, over 28,000 individuals were displaced in the following weeks to other locations in Southern Libya, such as Wadi Etba, Sabha, Ubari, Tragan, Wadi Alshati and Al Gatroun, but also to more distant locations in Western and Eastern Libya. While humanitarian assistance to a number of vulnerable IDP families from Murzuq has been delivered, there still remains a gap and unmet humanitarian needs for IDPs from Murzuq, especially in Ubari, Wadi al Shati, and Al Jufra.
Analysis of health facilities' distribution by region  ( mantika )  highlights structural issues, such as lack of a fully functional hospital in Aljufra, where three hospitals were reported to be only partially functional. Similarly, the worst three regions  ( mantika )  in terms of overall availability of health services reported by key informants were identified as Aljufra, Alkufra, and Ghat.
During the crisis in Tripoli, DTM conducted a rapid profiling exercise of displaced households to better understand the demographic composition of IDP families. To this end, DTM enumerators gathered demographic data from a sample of 6,000 IDPs displaced from South Tripoli till July 2019. Notably, a slight majority of sampled IDPs were female  ( 51% ) , while almost half of the surveyed population were children  ( 48% ) .
Libya's unity government said Thursday it had re opened Tripoli's sole functioning airport, a day after eastern forces threatened to shoot down planes over the capital.
It is noteworthy that the meeting of foreign ministers of Libya's neighbouring countries is the first since the start of the war on Tripoli in April 2019.
Fifty three people are known to have died in Tajoura that day, according to the International Organization for Migration  ( IOM ) , but the survivors rescued by Ocean Viking report that the number of deaths was almost double that.
The UN Secretary General also attributed to Haftar the killing of 3 children on December 2, as a result of the bombing of Al Suwani area. Then, on December 27, two civilians fell in an air raid in Zawiya city west of Tripoli.
The suspension of the NOC's operations risks exacerbating the humanitarian emergency in Libya and inflicting further needless suffering on the Libyan people," the embassy tweeted out on its account Tuesday.
However, in the past weeks violence has forced us to temporarily suspend some of our operations, which provided life saving protection and health services to those displaced by conflict.
Haftar's coalition does not recognise the Serraj government, and in April launched an offensive to take control of the Libyan capital. Fighting has killed over 2,000 people, put Tripoli under siege by Haftar's forces and sucked in several foreign powers.
On the streets, they run the risk of being abducted by criminal gangs, people traffickers and militias and taken to unofficial detention centres, where they are exposed to physical violence, forced labour, extortion and being sold on to people trafficking networks.
“Children in Libya, including refugee and migrant children, continue to suffer grievously amidst the violence and chaos unleashed by the country's longstanding civil war.
“Since April last year when hostilities broke out in Tripoli and western Libya, conditions for thousands of children and the civilians have deteriorated further. Indiscriminate attacks in populated areas have caused hundreds of deaths, and UNICEF has received reports of children being maimed or killed. Children are also being recruited to the fighting. Meanwhile, more than 150,000 people, 90,000 of whom are children, have been forced to flee their homes and are now internally displaced.
“Infrastructure on which children depend for their wellbeing and survival has also come under attack. Nearly 30 health facilities have been damaged in the fighting, forcing 13 to close. Attacks against schools and the threat of violence have led to closures and left almost 200,000 children out of the classroom. Water systems have been attacked and the waste management system has virtually collapsed, greatly increasing the risk of waterborne diseases including cholera.
“The 60,000 refugee and migrant children currently in urban areas are also terribly vulnerable, especially the 15,000 who are unaccompanied and those being held in detention centres. These children already had limited access to protection and essential services, so the intensifying conflict has only amplified the risks that they face.
According to official reports, the victims of the airstrike that hit the men's hangar were mainly men, but the women's hangar was also damaged by the blast. Faduma says she was wounded, and both she and Bilan were taken to hospital.
In early April 2019, conflict broke out between the forces of Khalifa Haftar's Libyan National Army  ( LNA )  and the Government of National Accord  ( GNA ) .
At least 953 migrants, among them 136 women and 85 children, have been returned to Libyan shores in the first two weeks of 2020.
These returned migrants are among the more than 1,000 who have left Libya by sea since 1 January, driven in part by the heaviest clashes Tripoli has seen since hostilities began nine months ago.
UNHCR, the UN Refugee Agency, is deeply saddened by the deaths of two Eritrean asylum seekers, who are reported to have been shot inside their accommodation in Tripoli on Thursday, 9 January.
These two deaths are a terrible reminder of the worsening security situation in Libya since April, which has left many civilians killed or injured. Last week, shelling took place near to the Gathering and Departure Facility in Tripoli showing there is no safe place for refugees and asylum seekers in Tripoli right now.
Fighting around Tripoli has displaced 150,000 people since April 2019, with a small increase since December 2019. If a massive attack on Tripoli takes place, estimated figures for new displacement are between 100,000 and 300,000. The current needs of the displaced are covered by ongoing contingency plans.
The United Nations Children's Fund  ( UNICEF )  said on Monday that around 5 schools were destroyed, while 210 others closed their doors, depriving more than 115,000 children of their education, due to the recent escalation of violence around Tripoli.
Figure 4 details the nature of the reported cases of abuse. Overall, the data indicate that many of the reported incidents are serious human rights violations. The most commonly reported incident is mild physical abuse  ( 64% ) , defined as incidents of slapping, beating and whipping. Some 16% of respondents report being denied food or water, and 13% cite experiencing forced labour. As many as 9% of all cases of abuse constitute “extreme physical abuse', which includes burning, gunshots and torture.
Figure 5 shows the prevalence of physical abuse, disaggregated by nationality. 4Mi data suggest that East Africans are particularly vulnerable to protection incidents overall, but there is not a large difference when it comes to physical abuse. The share of both West Africans and East Africans who have experienced physical abuse is 21%, while it is 18% for Central Africans. While 4Mi data do not allow for perfect comparison across nationalities due to the non representativeness and different sample size for different nationalities, the data suggest that Ethiopians are particularly vulnerable; 62% of Ethiopians have experienced physical abuse, followed by Nigerians and Somalis  ( 30% and 29% ) , and Cameroonians  ( 23%
Half of the health facilities in the three municipalities are estimated to be in areas of active clashes. So far, 12 health facilities have been forced to close. Another four primary health care centres in Ain Zara are in high risk areas and about to be shut down.
That deal, along with a separate agreement on maritime boundaries between Turkey and Libya, has drawn ire across the region and beyond.
The Tripoli based government of Libyan Prime Minister Fayez Sarraj has faced an offensive by the rival regime in the east and forces loyal to commander Gen. Khalifa Hifter. The fighting has threatened to plunge Libya into violent chaos rivaling the 2011 conflict that ousted and killed longtime dictator Moammar Gadhafi.
Refugee and migrant children face discrimination and bullying, including in schools. Psychosocial and gender based violence  ( GBV )  support services are extremely limited. The existence of discriminative laws allowing victims to be prosecuted, widespread stigma and mandatory reporting further undermines and creates additional barriers GBV victim's access to justice and support. Arbitrary detention further exposes migrants and refugees to critical protection risks. Around 3,200 migrants and refugees remain in detention, living in overcrowded conditions with limited services.
Around 24 per cent of Libyans and 80 per cent of migrants and refugees, reported facing challenges accessing health services. Many public health care facilities are closed and those that are open lack medicines, supplies and equipment. Many facilities have been directly attacked or damaged due to fighting and those that remain functional are overburdened or not maintained. Access to health, education and other public services are further restricted for people who have lost legal documents, or for those who do not have them, such as migrants and refugees. Education and water, sanitation and hygiene services have also been disrupted.
Out of the 1.8 million people who have been affected by the crisis, more than 893,000 people are in need of some form of humanitarian assistance – a nine per cent increase on 2018. This includes 212,000 women and 268,000 boys and girls under 18 years of age  ( 176,000 boys and 91,000 girls ) . Around 30 per cent of people in need are children, 34 per cent of whom are girls. While the number of people in need is 66 per cent boys and men, this is largely due to the majority of the migrants  ( 93 per cent )  being male. Of those people in need, an estimated 134,000 are people living with a disability  ( 66 per cent male and 34 per cent female ) .
Of the total number of people in need, nearly 50 per cent are concentrated in four mantikas Tripoli, Ejdabia, Misrata and Benghazi. Migrants and refugees remain among the most vulnerable and at risk groups in Libya and constitute the largest portion of people in need, at 36 per cent. Nearly two thirds of the total IDP population are in need and, unable to afford rent, live in sub standard shelters, and cannot afford or access basic services. An estimated 74,000 people who have returned to their place of origin, are in need of humanitarian assistance, with the largest number in Ejdabia, Tripoli and Zwara. Many people who have not been displaced but live in areas of insecurity or with limited services remain in need. Around 278,000 non displaced Libyans face unmet humanitarian needs, particularly in Ejdabia and Sebha.
Since 2011, Libya has been affected by political, security and economic volatility. An escalation in conflict and insecurity since September 2018 remained largely localised and small scale, until the recent offensive on Tripoli in April 2019. Successive Libyan governments have struggled to assert control over the country, with instability allowing rival political parties and armed militias to compete for power and control over key territories and strategic assets. Governance structures have been eroded, state institutions weakened, and the economy damaged. With each passing year, people have struggled to withstand the impact of a crisis that has destabilized the country and driven humanitarian needs.
The Central Bank of Libya  ( CBL )  continues to apply economic measures, approved in September 2018, aimed at improving access to foreign currency, and Libya has seen a stabilization of the exchange rate with official rates around 1.39 Libyan dinars  ( LYD )  to the US dollar  ( USD ) , as well as greater convergence with the parallel market8. This has cushioned the liquidity stress and provided the Government with over 1 billion LYD in revenue per month. Despite this, Libya was expected to have a budget deficit of up to USD10 billion in 2019, owing in part to the diversion of resources to sustain the conflict9. The conflict in Tripoli has also impacted the momentum of economic recovery from 2017 18. Within this dynamic, GDP growth is expected to have slowed to around 5.5% for 2019  ( down from an average growth of 17.3% over 2017 2018
Armed groups and militias, including those nominally integrated into State institutions, appear to operate with impunity and concerns have been raised over potential violations of international humanitarian law by some of these actors. Allegations have included extrajudicial executions, indiscriminate attacks against civilians and civilian infrastructure, arbitrary detention and restrictions on freedom of movement. The enhancement of parties' military capabilities as a result of external support has further heightened risks to civilians as well as humanitarian actors and added to the complexity of the operating environment.
“The use of these fighters is all the more concerning in the current COVID 19 pandemic. Sending them to a conflict zone shows complete disregard for the health and safety of the Libyan civilian population that has been left severely ill prepared to face the health crisis.'
The media office added that Khalifa Haftar's forces in southern Tripoli continued to carry out artillery shelling on civilian neighborhoods and facilities, including Tripoli's Mitiga Airport, which had been targeted by several rockets, leaving considerable damage.
According to the Health Ministry, the woman died after suffering serious injuries from Haftar forces' shelling and shortly afterward, her son died of serious wounds as well, while two other of the woman's sons had been lodged at the intensive care unit at hospital due to the same attack.
Earlier, sources said one person was killed as a rocket fired by Haftar's forces fell on his house in Al Mouz Street in Tripoli, while another person was killed in Baer Al Alam in south Tripoli due to Haftar's indiscriminate shelling.
The Libyan Army said on Friday that Haftar militias planted booby trap mines in the homes of innocent civilians south of Tripoli.
Meanwhile, Volcano of Rage Operation under the command of the Government of National Accord  ( GNA )  said Monday that two more airstrikes had been conducted on Al Watiya airbase, destroying a number of military vehicles, adding that a third air raid destroyed supplies' vehicles near Mazda town as they were en route to Haftar's forces.
Libyan Air Force raided Al Watiya airbase three times on Sunday, neutralizing ten fighters from Haftar's forces, leaving them either killed or injured inside the airbase.
Meanwhile, on Al Khalla frontline in south Tripoli, GNA forces had targeted Haftar's forces with heavy artillery shelling, destroying two Grad launching vehicles and a vehicle laden with ammunition.
The Libyan National Oil Corporation  ( NOC )  announced the resumption of oil production at El Feel oilfield on Sunday and confirmed the lifting of force majeure on crude oil exports from the Sharara and El Feel fields as of Sunday and Monday respectively.
Further, Russian private military personnel were reportedly deployed on the Tripoli frontline to support the LNA as snipers and to direct artillery fire from at least September 2019 to May 2020 when reports about their withdrawal emerged. The name of one company, the Wagner Group, has been cited in connection with this deployment. In September 2019, some of the personnel allegedly arbitrarily detained five civilians and summarily executed three of them in al Sbeaa village near Tripoli.
Six months ago, Siham Sergewa, an elected member of the House of Representatives, was seized at night from her home in the heavily fortified Buhedima District of Benghazi. Since her violent abduction, Ms. Sergewa's fate remains unknown.
The United Nations Support Mission in Libya  ( UNSMIL )  has said that delegations from the GNA and Haftar have commenced negotiations in the 5+5 framework based upon the draft agreement of 23 February.
The Libyan Army forces under the command of the Government of National Accord  ( GNA )  said it had seized a major supply line for Khalifa Haftar's forces used to transfer fighters and military equipment to Tarhouna and then to south Tripoli.
The media office of Volcano of Rage Operation said GNA forces had seized 350 km long road between south and west Libya used by Haftar's forces to prop up their war on Tripoli with either mercenaries, fighters or military equipment and fuel.
The Libyan National Center for Disease Control said it had registered 62 new Coronavirus cases on Monday, which is the highest daily number since the first case in March.
The total number of Covid 19 cases in Libya now stands at 418, while the death toll rose to 8 fatalities, according to the center's update late Saturday.
The National Center for Disease Control reported on Sunday nine new Covid 19 cases, in addition to two fatalities in Sabha city south of Libya.
Hamada oil valve was closed by an armed group from Zintan loyal to warlord Haftar.
The Search and Identification of Missing Persons Department, has recovered another 15 bodies from the liberated areas south of Tripoli, said the director of the department, Kamal Abubaker.
It said that a total number of 130 wells were vandalized/stolen which led to the loss of approximately 460,000 cubic meters of water per day – which is enough to supply the consumption needs of the entire city of Tripoli.
Con respecto al costo de su viaje, las personas encuestadas mencionaron en un 42,6 por ciento entre 500 y 1.000 USD, mientras que a un 26 por ciento les costó entre 1.000 y 2.500 USD, y a un 26,1 por ciento menos de 500 USD.
Por último, respecto al acceso a la vacunación para la Covid 19, un 90,5 por ciento manifestó haber podido acceder a la vacuna, tanto ellos/as como sus familiares.
En primer lugar, con respecto al acceso a los alimentos en Argentina, el 21,6 por ciento de las personas encuestadas sostuvo que es excelente, el 43,5 por ciento dijo que es bueno, el 27,4 por ciento es adecuado y solo un 7,5 por ciento dijo que insuficiente.
Entre los tipos de información o ayuda que dijeron necesitar las personas encuestadas, el 38 por ciento mencionó la generación de ingresos o empleo, el 29 por ciento la ayuda médica, el 21 por ciento la asistencia de documentos, el 19 por ciento el acceso a alimentos, el 18 por ciento educación y capacitación, y el 17 por ciento asistencia legal.
En este contexto de crisis sanitaria, un 22 por ciento de la población encuestada señaló en que su hogar no tiene necesidades. En el restante 78 por ciento que manifestó tener necesidades se mencionaron como principales: el trabajo  ( 59% ) , la alimentación  ( 50% ) , el acceso a la salud  ( 37% )  y el alojamiento  ( 31% )
En relación con el nivel educativo, los datos de la ENMA muestran que el 67% de las personas migrantes venezolanas han alcanzado estudios superiores terciarios y/o universitarios, de manera coincidente con lo que señalan otros estudios  ( OIM, 2018; Pacecca y Liguori, 2019: 19 ) .
De hecho, solo el 3% indicó no haber finalizado la secundaria
En relación con la pregunta que incluyó la ENMA acerca de si la persona migrante era descendiente, tenía antepasados o pertenecía a alguno de los siguientes grupos: afrodescendientes, indígenas y/o asiáticos, el 87% no se identificó con ninguno de ellos, mientras que el 6% lo hizo como afrodescendiente y otro 6%, como indígena o descendiente de pueblos indígenas.
Al analizar los motivos de migración, las personas entrevistadas seleccionaron  ( a través de una pregunta de respuesta múltiple )  las principales razones de salida de su país.
En primer lugar, el 83% señaló haber migrado hacia Argentina por no poder cubrir sus necesidades básicas.
Este valor es elocuente indicador de la situación de la población venezolana y proporcionalmente es más del doble que lo que se obtuvo en relación con la población migrante en general  ( Debandi, Nicolao y Penchaszadeh, 2021 ) .
Otro valor realmente significativo es la cantidad de personas que indicaron haber migrado debido a violencias y/o persecuciones  ( 29% ) , un valor que duplica nuevamente la situación señalada por el resto de los colectivos migratorios  ( 12% ) . También fueron señaladas otras motivaciones, como el estudio  ( 17% )  o el trabajo  ( 26% ) .
A través de una pregunta específica, también se relevó el tipo de asistencia que la población manifiesta necesitar. En siguiente el gráfico, se presentan los tipos de asistencia mencionados según orden de prioridad. Las necesidades identificadas mayoritariamente como primera prioridad fueron “generación de ingresos/empleo', “asistencia legal', “transporte' y “ayuda médica'. Las prioridades de los tipos de asistencia mencionadas por la población alcanzada son diferentes según el paso de ingreso a la Argentina, en el paso de La Quiaca las más mencionadas como primera prioridad son “generación de ingresos/trabajo' y “asistencia en documentación'; mientras que las personas que cruzaron por Puerto Iguazú mencionaron en mayor medida como primer prioridad “asistencia de documentos' y “transporte'
Ahora bien, entre los problemas señalados por quienes sí reconocieron haber experimentado dificultades  ( para obtener DNI ) , destacan: rezagos y demoras en los turnos  ( 11% ) , falta de documentación del país de origen  ( 6% )  y dificultades económicas  ( 4% ) , problemas coincidentes con otros estudios cualitativos  ( Pacecca y Liguori, 2019: 77 78 ) .
Respecto de las dificultades económicas informadas por las personas encuestadas para el acceso a la regularización, es preciso tener en cuenta el aumento de tasas migratorias  ( hasta en 1000%10 )  entre 2017 y 2018.
Esto, aunado a la eliminación de la opción de exención de pago de la tasa migratoria por razones humanitarias o de pobreza en el sistema Radex11, son medidas que permiten comprender la caída del número de radicaciones resueltas, así como las dificultades económicas señaladas por la población venezolana.
Si bien la proporción de personas con obra social  ( 26% )  también es inferior a la media a nivel de la población migrante en general  ( 31% ) , esta no se distancia significativamente.
Por el contrario, el porcentaje de personas que accede a una prepaga entre las personas venezolanas supera al de la población migrante en general  ( 12% y 9%, respectivamente ) .