nlp-thedeep/humsetbias huggingface dataset:
Adolescent girls also expressed concern for their health and wellbeing in relation to communicable diseases, especially malaria which contributes to mortality in pregnant people and morbidity for children under five.
Due to limited access to potable water, sanitation and poor hygiene, cholera was also considered a health threat for the adolescents.
While schools, clinics, and some NGOs were identified as sources of adolescent sexual health information, they were reported as not widely available and consistent given the crisis
Priorities are emergency medical, psychosocial and legal support.
FGDs reported many concerns around adolescent girls and young women working, some of which include rape, ill treatment, not receiving pay for work done, child labour, exploitation and harmful work.
Some supported the idea of setting up community schools so that girls can learn while the conflict is going on
The girls' ages 10 14 suggested for psychosocial support for rape survivors and provide them counselling support.
The girls also reported getting injured and sleeping in the bush at times where added problems including lack of food and mosquito bites
Also, regarding food, being an IDP made it more difficult to source, resulting in overdependence on food aid,
The NW/SW crisis contributes to aggravate the already fragile situation in Cameroon as the country is a target for Boko Haram in the Far North, while in the East, Adamawa and Northern regions, it is hosting thousands of Central African refugees fleeing violence in their own country
Des déplacement pendulaires quotidiens ont également été rapportés dans ces zones.
The girls also, felt that there is a serious lack of law enforcement and sometimes felt that the security forces dealt with civilians in very much the same brutal way that NSAG did.
Support prevention and treatment of sexually transmitted infections, including HIV, through awareness raising, counselling vaccination and access to condoms and other available care and treatments.
There are a number of reasons why girls disagreed that they are able to decide on when get pregnant. They cited forced pregnancies as a result of rape which is common in the crisis.
The assessment showed that some girls reported they have the freedom to choose when to get married and have children, and with whom, but also that they risk missing out on education and economic opportunities as a result.
There is a need to support community recreational centres and initiatives that provide wholesome educational entertainment, and also to educate the adolescent girls and boys on the dangers and benefits of technology especially the internet.
Where possible work with regional delegates of basic and secondary education and other government line ministries to empower teachers in schools and learning centres, and children, to tackle sexual harassment of students especially of girls
2.9 million people need urgent medical care.
Dans les départements du Diamaré, Mayo Kani, et Mayo Tsanaga, toutes PDI se sont déplacées du fait du conflit.
There was a 90%  ( 150,000 )  decrease in persons reached with food assistance in April due to COVID 19 restrictions.
On 9 September, 6 children were injured by UXO's they found and mistook for toys in the bush in the Mayo Tsanaga.
UNHCR protection teams issued 38 flash alerts with the majority of them concerning clashes between State forces and non State armed groups resulting in alleged human rights violations, house destruction, population displacements, among other humanitarian consequences.
Another driver for life saving needs is returnee school aged children estimated at 142, 544 from the returnee population of 203,634 for Jan Aug 2020 period.
L'insécurité et les violentes attaques continuent de faire obstacle à l'accès à des services de base.
Plan d'urgence de Yaoundé et Garoua à élaborer
While farming is still taking place, disruptions have been reported due to fighting between armed the groups and related displacement that have made access to food difficult for many, along with increasing food prices.
There are shelter needs for adolescent girls to allow them to stay safe near functional schools; displacement related to the fighting has damaged shelter for some. Hence despite obvious protection concerns, some adolescent girls were said to be learning away from their parents using rented accommodation; others wanted this option but cannot afford it.
The sustained displacement continues to create life saving needs, including education in emergency needs for those children.
In the North West and South West, on going violence has had a major impact on the economy. Cultivable and grazing areas have been reduced more and more in recent years, due to demographic pressure, but also to insecurity and population displacement. Trade with neighboring countries, especially Nigeria, is becoming increasingly difficult.
The crisis in the North West and South West has had a major impact on the education sector. Over the past three years, insecurity, displacement of teachers, threats and attacks on infrastructure and education personnel have left 850,000 school aged children out of school.
The situation in the North West and South West regions which started as a political crisis has led to a complex humanitarian emergency with 2.3 million people in need. The continued deterioration in the security situation led to more displacement and an increase in needs.
Livelihood priorities were also stated in terms of enablers, especially for their education or preferred pathways for vocational training
Psychosocial support and livelihoods support were also suggested as key safety and protection solutions.
In the North West and South West regions, UNICEF partners provided IYCF counselling to 48,364 parents and caregivers.
Près de 1 personnes sur 2 en insécurité alimentaire se trouvent dans la région de l'Extrême Nord
Seuls les classes d'examens ont repris au primaire, où 87% des élèves ont effectivement rejoint leur classe.
The Government began lifting certain restrictions  ( curfew, travel restrictions and gatherings )  on May 1.
Because of the ongoing crisis and the COVID 19 pandemic girls are discouraged from returning to and/or completing school
Ensure essential SRH services meet the “Availability, Accessibility, Acceptability, and Quality' framework of the right to health
80% of FGD respondents suggested that community learning centres offering non formal education remain the preferred option to continue their studies because of their proximity, and because young mothers would be able to attend with their children,
Promote dialogue between warring parties so that they consent to promote safe movement of children to and from school and this precisely a recommendation coming from the girls themselves,' peace and dialogue' Given the existence of religious and cultural sentiments around child, early and forced marriage, engage regularly with traditional and religious leaders to address relevant social norms and gain their support in discouraging such practices.
There is need for protection partners to work with education practitioners to continue scaling up sensitization and training on gender based violence  ( GBV ) , child protection and human right violations to help reduce challenges for adolescent girls and better support their return to school safely. There is also need to work with caregivers in these areas, to support them in their roles as parents.
There is need to provide supportive awareness raising messages and training for security forces in order to combat GBV wherever it occurs, and for law enforcement agencies so that cases can be reported without fear or favour.
Hence, cholera outbreaks are amongst the major WASH related challenges, that Health and WASH Cluster partners are currently contending with
The qualitative assessments have also revealed that adolescent girls had limited access to contraceptives and knowledge on sexual and reproductive health and rights which resulted in them getting unwanted pregnancies, with consequent child early and forced marriage.
Through Focus group discussions 60% of adolescent girls who are pregnant/married/mothers reported that it is difficult to go back to school without child care services in place.
The Adolescent MSNA has revealed that parents especially fathers and the girls themselves were largely responsible for girls getting into early and forced marriages primarily due to poverty, settling their own debts and also teen pregnancy where they did not want any “shame', keeping her with her baby.
Adolescent boys and girls reported fearing going to school and health centres due to fear of the military presence where they fear being victims of random arrest, harassment, rape, stray bullets, cross fire and violence, and a repeat of attacks on schools
need to ensure adolescents and young people can access accurate information about their sexual and reproductive health and rights, as well as to further capacitate parents to feel able and confident to talk to their children about sensitive topics such as sex and sexuality.
Out of school girls, especially young mothers, reported the need for additional information, counselling and access to SRH services to prevent unintended pregnancies.
Another young mothers group reported that some of them were going for classes organized by an NGO called Indigenous Volunteers for Sustainable Peace and Development IVSPD but since coronavirus started, the classes stopped,
While idleness was observed a lot for this group just like the 10 14 group, other FGD participants reported that there were no resources especially money for these girls to be gainfully engaged as unemployment was considered high with the ongoing crisis.
Girls participating in the visioning exercise cited many material and immaterial issues as key challenges for marriage and family. Materially they cited lack of finance for sending girls to school, finance for family needs, insufficient food supplies, lack of utensils, lack of shelter for many families, lack of well paid work to provide economical means for the family.
There also highlighted key things that need to be in place or within easy access for a good marriage and family, namely foodstuffs, medical facilities, truthfulness, marriage education, kitchen utensils, house equipment, mosquito nets and good water system
The fighting has destroyed some shelter that was available, limiting adolescent girls' access to shelter with their families and babies.
Strengthen linkages between the nutritional program and the maternal and neonatal health care so that no pregnant adolescent or mother is left behind. Consider implementing advanced nutritional interventions that tackle especially under five children for these young mothers who need to continue with their education.
Support adolescent mothers and their partners require training and follow up support through village health workers to support and meet nutritional demands of their unborn and young babies. Key nutritional support training for young mothers should focus on exclusive breast feeding and improved feeding practices taking into consideration of locally available nutritious foods.
Target adolescent girls and young mothers for shelter and NFI provision
Ensure essential SRH services meet the “Availability, Accessibility, Acceptability, and Quality' framework of the right to health. Help adolescents access correct information about SRHR and gender equality and risks related to other risks such as substance abuse, from trusted sources, and challenge harmful norms or practices that they may encounter online or through TV, to minimize risks and empower adolescents.
Shelter was also reported as a need for a good marriage and family wellbeing but was a challenge in relation to housing destroyed by the fighting and also a key need for many IDP families who struggled to access decent shelter.
Particularly given that some unwanted pregnancies are the result of rape, government and other humanitarian partners should establish or strengthen facilities that offer girls support in emergency contraception and PEP, trauma counselling and psychosocial support
Improve access to SRHR information and trainings for teachers in schools and informal learning centres, so that adolescents are equipped with confidence and self assertive skills and can make informed and positive choices regarding their SRHR while young
Through relevant authorities and the Education Cluster, develop, or adapt an existing, age  appropriate learning package for adolescents, especially girls that includes SRHR, MHM, nutrition education, safe food hygiene practices, psychosocial wellbeing, positive parenting skills, and peacebuilding/conflict resolution.
Cluster partners need to lobby warring parties, perhaps through a position paper, to enable adolescent girls, some of whom may have babies/ or be married/pregnant, to return and continue school safely without fear of violence, kidnapping and insecurity. These are issues which lead parents to stop their children from going to school.
Due to high risks of sexual violence as a result of the crisis, as reported by respondents, there is need to strengthen the current mechanisms for responding to incidents of SGBV to include regular mobile units so that adolescent survivors can access comprehensive services in a timely way.
Key informants have indeed confirmed the high risk of cholera outbreaks based on current situation and low response capacity.
In the community, the practice of open defecation is rampant due to limited sanitary facilities but also poor hygiene practices.
Schools lack potable water, just like at community levels, which forces adolescent girls and boys to fetch it elsewhere.
Malnutrition was also stated in terms of poor access to nutritious and adequate food causing malnutrition in adolescents and their babies. According to 80% of FGD respondents, nutrition is mostly a concern for babies of adolescent mothers who have limited knowledge on how to breastfeed and other infant and young children feeding practices.
Nutrition was spoken of frequently as an issue, mainly as a concern for babies of adolescent mothers who lacked both the means and knowhow to feed them.
Shelter needs were also expressed as a need for adolescent girls to access education in facilities far away from home, which are not affected by fighting.
Furthermore, schools being the centre field of the crisis were reported to have limited facilities in terms of classrooms and toilets after some were destroyed by fighting
The crisis has made lives difficult for many families by limiting their income earning capacities, which undermined their abilities to provide and care for the adolescent girls especially when they become pregnant, become mothers or get married and stop going to school.
Furthermore, the crisis is reported to push up food prices, resulting in families failing to access it in sufficient quantities because their income earning capacities are curtailed by the crisis.
Food is reported as a problem for host communities due to unpredictable fighting and even more dire for IDPs who have limited access to farming land
Due to lack of functional medical facilities as a result of the crisis, home deliveries and unsafe abortions were reported as other key health and SRHR challenges that pregnant adolescent girls struggle with
Challenges for education confirmed in this qualitative assessment included non functional schools without qualified and disciplined teachers, which lack adequate learning infrastructure especially classes which are currently overcrowded because only a few schools are functional.
About 30% of the FGD respondents suggested that pupils can be sexually harassed by teachers which results in some girls shunning the school environment.
Lack of functional schools due to the crisis/ insecurity and to the COVID 19 pandemic was also mentioned as a challenge
Besides fear of kidnapping by the NSAG that affects both adolescent girls and boys, there is fear of random arrests, harassment, rape, stray bullets, cross fire and violence, and a repeat of attacks on schools
In terms of COVID19, the girls and caregivers lamented the lack of testing capacity in local institutions and a general low response capacity worsened due to the crisis as some hospitals are not functional and for those that are functional there is shortage of medicines, equipment and like saving materials
In fact boys in DYPL reported that they are more endangered than the girls are because most boys are the ones being kidnapped and forced to join the separatist fighters
The men's group also reported school dropout and drug addiction as a problem among adolescents and this was confirmed by women's groups.
The DLYP groups comparing boys and girls also confirmed that girls risked sexual abuse due to the crisis
They spoke of sexual violence, unwanted pregnancies, CEFM and contracting diseases including communicable diseases like malaria as they spoke of the shortage of mosquito nets.
Challenges Safety and protection challenges reported by the girls centred on the crisis and COVID19 and included issues such as frequent gunfire exchanges and shooting, stray bullets, rape, attacks, the kidnapping of children by separatists, lack of money, lack of hygiene, and lack of security
Being out of school, in addition to reducing access to protection, GBV and SRHR services and a protective environment, is considered as a major factor in increasing the risk of teenage pregnancy, sexual exploitation, child marriage, violence and other threats
To ensure community ownership of the intended EiE response, and prepare for the eventual exit of humanitarian actors, it is recommended that Community Education Committees  ( CECs )  be created and/or reconstituted to serve as delivery channels for the EiE response effort in the NWR and SWR.
Establish/rehabilitate water, sanitation and hygiene promotion facilities at formal and non formal institutions Hygiene education is a particularly key element for the health of adolescent mothers and their babies and can be supported by village health workers
Support vocational training, as one of the most talked about options for adolescents who pregnant/married/have children, at the institutional level by equipping and training instructors, and at the individual level by providing necessary tools and equipment for the chosen trade, start up materials and follow up support to track progress
Both 10 14 and 15 17 girls advocated for the provision of food, providing money for hospital bills, more hospitals, providing them shelter, send qualified doctors and nurses to support addressing of health concerns, provide hand sanitisers and mask and also teaching girls how to treat water.
The girls proffered many solutions in order to tackle the challenges highlighted. These included dialogue and peace, a stop to killing school children, financial support, food supply, “provision of finance and accommodation in town so we can attend school in a town like others.'
Educational challenges were also expressed in terms of a shortage of learning materials and equipment like furniture. Better schools were said to be distant and beyond the reach of many parents.
They actually reported challenges of no schooling due to crises, poverty, lack of money to continue education elsewhere, lack of motivation to continue school, early pregnancy and marriages leading to school dropouts, expensive educational system, children not willing to go to school, parents not willing to send their children to school.
They also cited CEFM coming with pressures from parents to meet the livelihoods needs of the family, and peer pressure from their peers to experiment with sex. They gave the example of a situation where some girls are orphaned and have no one to take care of them; hence they are easily sexually exploited and become pregnant.
Respondents noted that to ensure the safety of pupils/students and school infrastructures, security operatives have been drafted to guard school premises.
According to the Global Coalition to Protect Education from Attack, more than 1,000 students and teachers have been threatened, abducted, injured or killed by armed groups or state security forces in Cameroon between 2017 and 2019. Most of these attacks took place in the Anglophone regions following a declaration of independence by armed separatists in October 2017.
Recently on 24 October 2020, a group of unidentified armed men attacked the Mother Francisca in Kumba, South West  ( SW )  Cameroon, shooting and killing at least eight children and wounding twelve others.
Promote dialogue between warring parties so that they consent to promote safe movement of children to and from school, and this precisely a recommendation coming from the girls themselves,' peace and dialogue.' Given the existence of religious and cultural sentiments around a child, early and forced marriage, regularly engage with traditional and religious leaders to address relevant social norms and gain their support in discouraging such practices.
Provide hygiene kits including water buckets and solar lights are also key for MHM management and study while at home so that at night they safely use them or toilets and also use the lights for reading and doing their school homework.
As solutions to tackle the challenges, girls suggested providing free health care to the community, ensure pregnant women and girls are followed up, provide water to the community, ensure vaccination of children, providing shelter to the community, hospitals should be reopened, more skilled workers employed, and that health care should be affordable.
Some of the challenges affecting health and well being of the girls included stress, lack of psychosocial support, lack of good food, lack of good medical facilities with drugs and trained personnel, lack of good environment, lack of good drinking water, lack of good toilets, change of climate, lack of money, lack of good shelter and also lack of good living and peace.
Girls also suggested as priorities for health and well being, good food provision, good medical facilities, sanitary pads, good toilets, good water system, good nutrition, good exercise, good hygiene, access to bathing kits, good climate, treatment of minor illnesses like malaria, malnutrition and vaccination, and access to good clothes.
For most young girls who have the impression that their concerns matter in the community, the reason was that if it was not for the crises, most of them could have been in school.
To promote gender equality and encourage boys to support girls' aspirations in education, including adolescent boys in NFI distributions with dignity kits that can assist them in accessing basic necessities like towels, soap, shaving blades, and undergarments.
Support adolescent mothers and their partners require training and follow up support through village health workers to support and meet the nutritional demands of their unborn and young babies.Key nutritional support training for young mothers should focus on exclusive breastfeeding and improved feeding practices taking into consideration of locally available nutritious foods.
As far as possible include clinical care, psychosocial and legal medical counselling and relevant protection services for survivors of sexual violence in services to support the prevention and management of the consequences of sexual violence
Help adolescents access correct information about SRHR and gender equality and risks related to other risks such as substance abuse, from trusted sources, and challenge harmful norms or practices that they may encounter online or through TV, to minimize risks and empower adolescents.
Ensure boys participate in gender related training so they can support girls' aspirations to remain in school and embrace those returning after dropping out, and support themselves and their male peers to challenge harmful gender norms that place boys at certain risks.
Adolescent girls who are married or have babies and who prefer to attend community learning centres to advance their education and livelihood opportunities should be helped to access SRHR information and services while there so that they be assisted in preventing unwanted repeated pregnancies  ( see Recommendations on Education ) .
There is also a need to support girls and young women to have the power to decide over their own bodies, including to access to safe abortion services when needed.
This Awareness raising amongst parents and partners of adolescent girls, especially those who are pregnant/married/young caregivers, to support their improved access to SRHR services and menstrual hygiene products which are key for them if they are to continue with school. This can include empowering communities and adolescents to prepare reusable Sanitary to wear with locally available resources.
Improve access to SRHR information and training for teachers in schools and informal learning centres, so that adolescents are equipped with the confidence and self assertive skills and can make informed and positive choices regarding their SRHR while young
Provide appropriate material equipment and child care support to facilitate girls' return to school
There is need for intergenerational dialogues involving especially boys, men and local traditional and religious leaders to tackle negative attitudes towards girls' challenges, and perceived social norms that cause girls to drop out of school, and to provide an impetus for adolescent girls to return to school, formal and non formal even if they are pregnant/married/ or have babies.
Adolescent girls and young women need to be supported by cluster partners with skills, knowledge, equipment and materials that enable them to pursue decent work opportunities, combined with support to authorities to monitor harmful work environments to prevent adolescents from working there.
Priorities are emergency medical, psychosocial and legal support. There is a need to provide supportive awareness  raising messages and training for security forces in order to combat GBV wherever it occurs, and for law enforcement agencies so that cases can be reported without fear or favour.
84% of girls participating in the GES methodology agreed that all adolescent girls should continue with their education after dropping out due to pregnancy or marriage, indicating that most girls saw valued in one continuing their education despite those challenging circumstances of pregnancy and marriage.
WASH facilities with water and safe toilet spaces for adolescent girls remain key for adolescent girls to continue school attendance during their menstrual period.
The continued absence of instructional time in classrooms and learning centres results in a severe impact on children's ability to learn
According to 80% of FGD respondents, nutrition is mostly a concern for babies of adolescent mothers who have limited knowledge on how to breastfeed and other infant and young children feeding practices. Some FGD participants reported that malnutrition occurs to children of adolescent mothers due to this inexperience.
Basic Income was mentioned by 90 % of respondents as a push factor for activities involving sexual exploitation in an effort to meet very basic needs including food, clothing, and learning material, start  up capital for equipment and materials for income generating projects.
Poverty was reported as one factor that contributes to girls' drop out of school. Some girls mentioned that they could not pay for the tuition fees, learning materials, and sanitary pads because their parents were either dead or had limited income/ employment opportunities because of the crisis.
Due to the crisis, limited income generation opportunities coupled with idleness and the desire for fast cash were reported by 80% of FGDs conducted as push factors for adolescent girls to sleep with older men and/or their peers resulting in unwanted pregnancy and forced marriage.
The practice of loitering was also reported to be common, putting adolescent girls at risk of sexual exploitation, as some were reported to frequent bars and nightclubs where older men frequented as well.
Girls aged 10 17 have limited opportunities to engage in recreational and productive activities and education. Both adolescent girls' groups 10 14 and 15 17 were reported to spend significant time browsing on the internet and watching television. With content that is not created for young people and that promotes harmful gender norms, it is perceived to promote early engagement in sexual activities – especially when young people are not given the tools to protect themselves and critically analyse the media they consume.
Adolescent girls have limited access to contraceptives and knowledge on sexual and reproductive health and rights, contributing to unwanted pregnancies and consequent child early and forced marriage.
About 34% of girls who participated in GES reported that it was ‘never' their decision to decide when to get married while 24% also said that they ‘seldom' did with 6% saying ‘sometimes', 27% often and 10% always.
Virtually all respondent groups cited kidnappings as a risk for both adolescent girls and boys: for girls with the purpose of sexual violence, especially rape; for boys to join separatist fighters. In fact, boys in DYPL reported that they are more endangered than the girls because boys are mostly being kidnapped and forced to join the separatist fighters.
The war has killed approximately 3,000 people and forced more than half a million people to flee their homes.
They also reported a lack of medical facilities, moving with bad friends, poor transport network, poor means of communication, poor infrastructural development and exposure to harassment and threat from NSAG members
The girls felt that the use of cells phones to alert people to run from their houses to safe areas was also a priority
Again, sexual violence especially rape, gender based violence, physical and emotional abuse and child labour was reported as a concern for girls' health and well being.
The girls' priorities are around getting medical advice, more medical interventions and education, hospitals, medical clubs and centres at different locations, availing drugs at affordable prices and also tackling expensive hospital bills.
Others suggested security measures to be improved in schools so as to ensure that students are protected.
Others suggested that parents, caregivers and husbands to be educated on the importance of girls education and also discourage child early and forced marriages.
Others also complained about peer pressure, poor parental upbringing, poor nutrition and access to food.
They also bemoaned lack of sexuality and menstruation education leading to unwanted pregnancies
There is a need to support community recreational centres and initiatives that provide wholesome educational entertainment, and also to educate the adolescent girls and boys on the dangers and benefits of technology, especially the internet.
In September 2017, separatists in the Anglophone territories  ( collectively independence of Ambazonia and began fighting against the Government of Cameroon. Starting as a low scale insurgency, the conflict spread to most parts of the Anglophone regions within a year.
Also known as the Ambazonia War, or the Cameroonian Civil War, is a conflict in the North West and South West  ( NWSW )  regions of Cameroon, part of the long standing Anglophone problem
Kidnappings are a major protection risk posed by the crisis and affect both adolescent girls and boys where for girls the implications can include sexual violence especially rape while boys can be forced to join separatist fighters.
The Adolescent MSNA confirmed that the ongoing crisis in NWSW and COVID  19 are major sources of insecurity for adolescent girls and boys and undermine their ability to return or continue with education.
Women's groups underscored sexual abuse, unwanted pregnancies and child marriages as key challenges facing adolescents and also added others as lacking food, unemployment, lack of shelter and child labour.
Limited knowledge of sex and menstrual education was reported a related challenge for the girls. The young mothers groups cited that the IVSPD madam who come down from Bamenda to teach them only came once.
The girls also recommended frequent marriage counselling program, training and empowering young couples on quick income generating livelihood and also encourage proper and formal marriages even at the traditional level to help foster long term healthy relationships and also offer a measure of protection to surviving spouses and children
Another challenge reported by girls had to do with giving birth to so many children, which they had no control of as decision making power lies with the man/husband, which in turn leads to malnutrition among their children as food is a challenge.
To promote gender equality and encourage boys to support girls' aspirations in education, include adolescent boys in NFI distributions with dignity kits that can assist them to access basic necessities like towels, soap, shaving blades, and undergarments.
Awareness raising amongst parents and partners of adolescent girls, especially those who are pregnant/married/young caregivers, to support their improved access to SRHR services and menstrual hygiene products which is key for them if they are to continue with school. This can include empowering communities and adolescents to prepare reusable Sanitary wear with locally available resources.
There is need for intergenerational dialogues involving especially boys, men and local traditional and religious leadership to tackle negative attitudes towards girls' challenges, and perceived social norms that cause girls to drop out of school, and to provide an impetus for adolescent girls to return to school, formal and non formal even if they are pregnant/married/ or have babies.
There are indeed some agencies providing Shelter and NFI but this is far short of the need, and adolescent girls are not treated as a distinct group
Money was reported as an important reason that drives girls into sexual exploitation in an effort to meet their very basic needs including food, clothing, scholastic material and start up capital for equipment and materials for income generating projects.
The crisis makes food scarce in a number of ways and this affects the girls and their families significantly. They reported that while hiding in bushes, fighters attack their homes and food scarcity becomes a huge problem.
As highlighted by the findings, harmful social norms, gender stereotypes, power imbalances, including resource allocation and decision making, between females and males, perceptions of girls' and young women's sexuality, as well as perceptions of masculinity and femininity, and other inequalities are significant barriers in restricting full access to SRHR
In collaboration with the Education and Child Protection sub Cluster support the creation of an Adolescent/Youth task team that works across/ coordinate with different sectors.
Carry out community awareness on the importance of education for both girls and boys
In coordination with the WASH Cluster provide gender sensitive WASH facilities in schools and community learning centres.
About 58% of girls agreed that it was within their power to decide when to marry
About 90% of respondents reported that financial resources to cover school fees, learning materials especially books, pens, bags but also uniforms, clothes, shoes were key to support girls to continue their education/return to school.
Adolescent girls who are participating in the scorecard process reported that 39% of the girls in their community “never “complete secondary education while 30% said that they seldom complete, 2% sometimes, 14% often and 15% always.
Lack of qualified teachers in schools was also mentioned as an important issue. 30% of the respondents suggested that some teachers sexually harass pupils, which results in girls shunning the school environment.,.
It was also reported that some schools, which are functioning, are usually far from where they live and that parents do not have the resources to cover for additional education related costs such as for instance transportation, housing etc.
Lack of functional schools due to the crisis/insecurity and COVID 19 pandemic was also mentioned as a challenge.
In Focus group discussions, 60% of adolescent girls who are pregnant/married/mothers reported that it is difficult to go back to school without childcare services in place. 80 % of respondents suggested community learning centres because of their proximity and because they would be able to attend with their children.
They were also afraid of being accused as blacklegs, and a repeat of recent attacks on schools.
Adolescent boys and girls reported fearing going to school and health centres because of the military presence, meaning they may be subject to random arrest, harassment, rape, stray bullets, crossfire and violence
FGDs reported many concerns around adolescent girls and young women working, including rape, ill  treatment, not receiving pay for work done, child labour, exploitation and harmful work, and some lack of qualifications resulting in doing indecent work.
While the COVID 19 pandemic saw one armed group declare a unilateral ceasefire to combat the spread of the virus, other groups and the Cameroonian government ignored calls to follow suit and kept on fighting
This coupled with the COVID 19 pandemic has seen an estimated 1,033,000  ( 50% girls )  children in both formal and non formal education out of school due to the dual  ( conflict and COVID 19 )
To remain in or hang around an area for no obvious purpose specifically and in this case, adolescent girls are reported to engage in this practice, related to sexual exploitation in the context of selling or exchanging sex.
Currently, Mondays are the ghost towns when the population is not allowed to engage in any commercial activities
On Monday, January 9, 2017, towns across western Cameroon shut down as part of ‘Operation Ghost Town', an initiative taken by the Cameroon Anglophone Civil Society Consortium as part of their long term protest against a government they deem biased towards French speakers.
The women food marketers are generally known in Cameroon as "buyam sellam" women for they are involved in buying and reselling of mainly agricultural produce from farmers.
Teen pregnancies and early forced marriages were reported as a current norm which causes many girls to drop out of school and in some cases were reported as forcing girls to take that route, while in some girls were blamed for that situation.
Those agreeing that work was now being shared equally also reported, “Yes, the crisis has changed the roles in my house because boys are now more involved in house chores'. This suggested a situational development that was evolving due to the crisis where boys due to security and COVID 19 concerns were also found more at home.
To boost the school enrolment of the displaced pupils/students, all year round registration of children was introduced with flexible documentation  ( birth certificates and transfer cards )  requirements.
Besides the fear that is associated with attending formal education even when schools reopened on October 5 2020, the adolescent girls lacked the means to continue with their education as they had to assume parental roles
In total, 3.8 million people are in need of humanitarian assistance to address living standard consequences.
The unpaid workload that reproductive work implies, combined with the fact that women have extremely limited access and control over resources, partly explains why the female population is more affected by poverty: While 39% of the population lives below the poverty line, this rate rises to 51.5% for women. Of these, 79.2% are underemployed.
Approximately 3.4 million people face critical problems related to resilience and recovery. Humanitarian challenges are reinforced by structural factors and chronic vulnerabilities that hinder the long term recovery of affected people.
An estimated 3.8 million people cannot attain a minimum standard of living in Cameroon. The regions affected by the different crises are chronically and structurally underdeveloped: symptoms are the poor infrastructure and the lack of basic services.
The gradual decline in humanitarian assistance and the insufficient level of funding for development projects further affect the vulnerabilities of refugees.
As of August 2019, 450,000 internally displaced persons have been registered in the region, as well as 204,000 returnees. As of 31 December 2019, 52,000 Cameroonians are registered as refugees in Nigeria.
Beyond the common perception that girls and women are the overwhelming majority of those facing security threats, both halves of the population are affected. While girls and women are particularly vulnerable due to the combined effect of gender discrimination and socio economic vulnerability caused by the crisis, leading to specific threats against them  ( in particular gender based violence ) , boys and men are more exposed to arbitrary arrests, forced recruitment and physical violence.
Judicial services exist in the country however access to the judiciary system is challenging in remote areas affected by conflict and crisis. Traditional chiefdoms are auxiliaries to the administration and the justice system. The presence of the administration and of traditional authorities has been significantly affected by insecurity.
IDPs and host communities, particularly in rural areas, need immediate protection, food, shelter/NFI, water and sanitation. In these hard hit areas of Cameroon, humanitarian needs are compounded by the chronic vulnerability of people, structures and services.
Pollution resulting from the exploitation of minerals and wood and the use of pesticides and insecticides in agriculture is increasing.
Environmental Profile Cameroon is exposed to climatic hazards and natural disasters  ( low or high rainfall depending on the season and the regions ) , drought, floods, landslide, fire. The country is experiencing strong pressure on natural resources  ( wood, water, raffia palm groves, etc. )  and mining. Bush fires, which are often used to clear plots of land during the dry season, are a major risk of environmental destruction. The rainy season also regularly causes damage to houses, crops and road infrastructure.
Cameroon has nearly 78,000 km of main roads, including 5,133 asphalted km, however particularly in the North this road network is severely degraded significantly impacting humanitarian access, especially in the rainy season.
En octobre 2016, le Ministère de l'économie, de la planification et de l'aménagement du territoire  ( MINEPAT )  et le HCR ont signé un accord de partenariat visant à soutenir le développement des communes abritant les réfugiés centrafricains
Ainsi, fin décembre 2018, le camp de Minawao comptait 55 581 réfugiés  ( dont 60% d'enfants de moins de 18 ans )  enregistrés par le HCR. Dans les départements de Logone et Chari et du Mayo Tsanaga, un total de 26 893  ( 85% dans Logone et Chari et le 15% dans Mayo Tsanaga )  réfugiés ont été enregistrés par la biométrie.
En 2018, la région de l'Extrême Nord du Cameroun a continué de subir les attaques transfrontalières perpétrées par Boko Haram. Ces attaques ont causé l'arrivée régulière et continue de réfugiés nigérians recherchant la sécurité au Cameroun  ( 99 851 en novembre 2018 ) .
Dans ces trois régions, 750 000 Camerounais sont considérés en insécurité alimentaire  ( dont 48 000 en insécurité alimentaire sévère )  auxquels il faut ajouter l'effectif des réfugiés centrafricains vulnérables à l'insécurité alimentaire.
les ménages pauvres vivent une insécurité alimentaire aiguë malgré l'assistance alimentaire qui atténue tout de même les effets de la crise.
Avec l'escalade de la crise depuis le dernier trimestre 2019, les moyens de subsistance sont de plus en plus perturbés et la situation continue de se détériorer par rapport à juillet 2018 où déjà 10% de ménages étaient en insécurité alimentaire dans les régions du Nord Ouest et du Sud Ouest  ( FSMS ) .
Le conflit armé a en effet entraîné le déplacement de plus de 400 000 personnes, impactant négativement les activités économiques des populations et réduisant production agricole
Dans les régions de l'Extrême Nord, du Nord Ouest et du Sud Ouest en particulier, la situation est marquée par l'enregistrement de nombreux blessés civils graves, la présence de traumatisés mentaux à la suite des actes de violence de guerre, ainsi que la fermeture de nombreuses formations sanitaires ou leur fonctionnement à temps partiel.
Le Cluster Logistique a été activé en octobre 2018 pour soutenir la coordination de la réponse humanitaire dans le Nord Ouest et le Sud Ouest.
La complexité des procédures administratives sur la manière de transporter le fret humanitaire dans ces deux régions affecte également l'efficacité de la réponse
Les installations de stockage sont limitées car beaucoup d'entre elles ne sont pas opérationnelles ou ne possèdent pas la capacité nécessaire pour les organisations humanitaires.
L'instabilité de la situation en matière de sécurité et l'impact des conflits armés ont affecté l'accès aux populations qui ont besoin d'aide. Les transporteurs commerciaux ont du mal à trouver des itinéraires sûrs pour acheminer les articles humanitaires.
Le contexte opérationnel dans les régions du Nord Ouest et du Sud Ouest du Cameroun est complexe et pose d'importants défis logistiques aux organisations humanitaires répondant à l'urgence.
Il est ainsi estimé que plus de 266 000 enfants sont en besoin de soutien psychosocial et que plus de 3 700 enfants sont non accompagnés ou séparés de leurs parents.
Dans un contexte où les réfugiés ne peuvent pas facilement trouver de l'emploi, vu les localités dans lesquelles ils habitent et qui manquent d'activités économiques quotidiennes, ces personnes dépendent de l'aide humanitaire pour leurs besoins de base
La majorité des personnes déplacées sont arrivées dans leurs zones actuelles d'habitation sans aucun moyen de subsistance et c'est avec l'aide humanitaire qu'elles ont pu avoir des abris et des articles ménagers pour faire face à une vie austère.
En écho à ce succès, l'Equipe Humanitaire Pays a pris un engagement clair en faveur des programmes de transferts monétaires en adoptant l'approche de transfert monétaire par défaut en 2017.
Mis en place depuis 2004 au Cameroun, les transferts monétaires ont connu une augmentation en 2013 avec la mise en œuvre du programme de filets sociaux financé par la Banque Mondiale.
En 2017, l'Equipe Humanitaire Pays a adopté l'approche « Why Not Cash ? » afin d'accroitre et de promouvoir l'usage des transferts monétaires, lorsque les conditions le permettent.
l'analyse de la situation du HNO se base sur des évaluations effectuées par des partenaires de développement, des bailleurs et des partenaires académiques. Cette analyse intègre désormais une étude des marchés et une analyse des causes des besoins humanitaires pour assurer une vue globale de l'impact des crises sur les populations.
Dès 2016, la communauté humanitaire a mis en œuvre un plan de réponse humanitaire pluriannuel  ( 2017 2020 )  aligné sur le plan de développement des Nations Unies, l'UNDAF  ( 2018 2020 ) 2, lui même ancré sur le cadre stratégique gouvernemental, le DSCE  ( 2010  2020
La stratégie de réponse humanitaire cible 2,3 millions de personnes, soit 54% de l'ensemble des personnes dans le besoin
Ce sont désormais huit régions qui sont affectées par les trois crises humanitaires au Cameroun avec 4,3 millions de personnes en besoin d'une assistance humanitaire en 2019, soit une augmentation de 31% en comparaison à début 2018
Au début de l'année 2018, 99% des personnes dans le besoin se trouvaient dans les quatre régions dites prioritaires de l'Extrême Nord, du Nord, de l'Adamaoua et de l'Est.
Dès l'adoption du plan de réponse pluriannuel en 2016, l'Equipe Humanitaire Pays  ( HCT )  a défini la crise humanitaire au Cameroun comme une crise de protection majeure et s'est collectivement engagée à renforcer sa réponse aux enjeux de protection en incluant un nouvel objectif stratégique dédié à la protection.
Décembre 2018 Les trois crises ont forcé plus d'un million de personnes à se déplacer vers, dans et depuis le Cameroun. Plus de 40% de ce total est déplacé à cause de la crise au Nord Ouest et au Sud Ouest.
Octobre 2017 Premiers affrontements armés et déplacements de population enregistrés au Nord  Ouest et Sud Ouest et vers le Nigeria.
Personnes déplacées 437 000