nlp-thedeep/humsetbias huggingface dataset:
[ 1st Aug 2021, BAY states ]  LIVELIHOOD: Livelihood services include cash for work, distribution of charcoal, cap knitting, distribution of seedlings, skills acquisation and starp up kit There is a need for briquette in Bama, Banki and Pulka while skills acquisition related services and cash for work are being sought for in Ngala, Monguno and Konduga
[ 23rd Sept 2021, Nigeria ]  Majority of the households have no access to health facility. This warrants the need to devise alternative ways through which communities could manage illnesses  ( i.e. ‘coping strategies' for limited formal health services ) ; and
During the period 21   27 August 2021, 204 movements were observed at three Points of Entry in Borno State. Of the total movements recorded, 101 were incoming from Cameroon's Far North Region, while 103 were outgoing from Borno State to Cameroon‘s Far North Region.
[ 23 – 29 August 2021, Nigeria ]  Cholera: Twenty three states and FCT have reported suspected cholera cases in 2021. These are Benue, Delta, Zamfara, Gombe, Bayelsa, Kogi, Sokoto, Bauchi, Kano, Kaduna, Plateau, Kebbi, Cross River, Nasarawa, Niger, Jigawa, Yobe, Kwara, Adamawa, Enugu, Katsina, Borno, Taraba and FCT • In the reporting week, 16 states plus FCT reported 2,127 suspected cases   Bauchi  ( 855 ) , Katsina  ( 396 ) , Kano  ( 306 ) , Yobe  ( 162 ) , Zamfara  ( 80 ) , Niger  ( 78 ) , Borno  ( 67 ) , Sokoto  ( 45 ) , Kaduna  ( 41 ) , Gombe  ( 21 ) , FCT  ( 18 ) , Kebbi  ( 17 ) , Adamawa  ( 15 ) , Taraba  ( 13 ) , Nasarawa  ( 10 ) , Plateau  ( 2 )  and Jigawa  ( 1 )
[ 23 – 29 August 2021, Nigeria ]  Cholera: Of the suspected cases, there were 32 RDT confirmed cases from Adamawa  ( 11 ) , Katsina  ( 8 ) , Kaduna  ( 7 ) , Borno  ( 4 ) , Taraba  ( 1 )  and Yobe  ( 1 ) . There were 32 culture confirmed cases from Yobe  ( 12 ) , Adamawa  ( 11 ) , Katsina  ( 8 )  and Borno  ( 1 )  • Of the cases reported, there were 48 deaths from Bauchi  ( 10 ) , Kano  ( 7 ) , Katsina  ( 6 ) , Taraba  ( 5 ) , Zamfara  ( 4 ) , Sokoto  ( 4 ) , Borno  ( 4 ) , Niger  ( 3 ) , Nasarawa  ( 2 ) , Kebbi  ( 1 ) , Yobe  ( 1 )  and Kaduna  ( 1 )  states with a case fatality ratio  ( CFR )  of 2.3% • No new state reported cases in epi week 34 • The national multi sectoral EOC activated at level 02 continues to coordinate the national response
Sorghum, maize, millet, cowpea, gari  ( fermented cassava starch ) , and rice are all found in Nigerian markets. Sorghum, millet and maize are widely consumed by most households, but especially in the north, and are used by various industries. Maize is mainly used by the poultry industry as a raw material for feed while sorghum is used by breweries for producing beverages. Sorghum and millet are important for households in the north, particularly the border markets where millet is also heavily traded with Niger. Gari is widely consumed by households in the south and some in the north. Rice is produced and consumed throughout the country
[ 1st Aug 2021, BAY states ]  EDUCATION: School aged children have access to a form of education within the reception centre and the host community.
[ 1st Aug 2021, BAY states ]  SHELTER: Shelter services include shelter construction, reinforcement, shelter kit distribution and shelter repair. 2,687HH are in need of shelter in Pulka  ( 5,105HH ) , Ngala  ( 562HH ) , Bama  ( 201HH ) , Banki  ( 159HH ) , Monguno  ( 113HH )  and Gwoza  ( 68HH ) .
[ 1st Aug 2021, BAY states ]  CAMP COORD. AND CAMP MANAGEMENT: CCCM services includes registration, sensitization, sanitation, shelter allocation, service/intervention advocacy, coordination meetings, referrals and complaints and feedback mechanism. There is a need to expand the reception centres in Pulka, Bama and Banki to accomodate the increasing number of new arrivals.
[ 31st Aug 2021, Borno ] The lingering conflict in Nigeria's North East Geopolitical Zone has been the major cause of widespread population displacement. Over 2 million persons have been forced to leave their areas of residence in search of safety and security in neighbouring wards and LGAs.
[ 31st Aug 2021, Borno ] As a result of the attack, a total of 1,769 individuals from 332 households were displaced from Klagaru Camp in Rann A ward of Kala Balge LGA in Borno State towards the neighbouring villages in Cameroon Republic. The villages where they are currently displaced are Bodo, Chingori, Biyamu, Madina and Baram Karaguwa in the Republic of Cameroon.
[ 1st Sept 2021, Nigeria ]  Adolescence is a phase of life between 10 to 19, and an important time for laying the foundation of good health. The period is characterized by significant physical, psychological and social transition. Despite thought as a health stage of life, over 1.1 million adolescents die each year from preventable causes such as road traffic injuries, suicide, and interpersonal violence.
[ 1st Aug 2021, BAY states ]  WATER, SANITATION AND HYGIENE  ( WASH )  : WASH services include construction of latrines and showers, distribution of sanitation materials, dislodgement of latrines/solid waste, chlorination of water, hygeine promotion and maintenance of WASH facilities. 2  ( 17% )  of latrines in Gwoza, 7  ( 64% )  in Monguno, 3  ( 8% )  in Ngala, and 2  ( 7% )  in Banki are damaged and requires different levels of repairs while 20  ( 11% )  of latrines in pulka need gender marking. 7  ( 64% )  of showers are damaged in Monguno and 2  ( 33% )  in Gwoza.
[ 1st Aug 2021, BAY states ]  Congestion in Reception Centres  ( RCs )  continue to pose great challenges in every aspect of standardizing camp management in camps in the northeast, decongestion of highly congest RCs in the BAY states remains a key priority and will continue to be emphasized. However, with access, land availability and HLP issues continue to hinder the RC exist plan as per standard of 72 hours. Thereby, becoming a great constraint to the humanitarian response at the RCs. With some success achieved in Pulka and pilot of transitional shelter solution already on going, negotiation for land and camp expansion is ongoing with difficulty in some locations due to insecurity. Dikwa, Custom House  ( Jere LGA )  and Konduga RC are empty as at the reporting period. Further concerns were raised regarding the Food Sector, Secondary Health Services, Nutrition screen upscaling, and livelihood as indicated the response and gaps sections of this report.
Shelleng is also one of the LGAs affected by the ongoing cholera outbreak and there are concerns that the flooding incidents, which contaminate water sources, may lead to further spread. OCHA is following up with the State Emergency Management Agency  ( SEMA )  on assistance, including WASH and agricultural inputs for the affected households and community
Major health response gaps across camps and host communities: Major health gaps including illnesses and spike in malnutrition cases have been reported across camps following the withdrawal of services by a major health/nutrition partners due to funding shortfalls. The suspension of services resulting in the shortages of essential medicines and major gaps in referral services across camp clinics is coming during the peak of the rainy season when higher cases of diseases including malaria and acute watery diarrhea  ( AWD ) /cholera are usually higher
Over 60 families displaced, hectares of cultivated farmlands destroyed by flooding in Shelleng LGA : At least 67 families were temporarily displaced by flash flooding that overran several homes in Labaran community of Shelleng LGA during the week. Property and vital supplies including food and non food items  ( NFIs )  were seriously damaged or destroyed, with affected families moving in with relatives in nearby locations until the floodwater receded. At least 150 hectares of cultivated farmlands were destroyed by the flooding, worsening the vulnerabilities of affected households who are already grappling with food shortages during the ongoing lean season.
Health Needs: Funding shortfall that forced a major health partner to suspend critical services across camps has resulted in critical gaps including acute shortages of essential drugs and disruption of referral services especially at the Fufure IDP camp where increased morbidity and mortality have been reported in recent weeks. Health partners have deployed emergency response teams to address most critical needs while efforts are ongoing to restore normal services especially as the rainy season is now in its peak, increasing the risks of diseases including malaria and WAD/cholera due to flooding incidents.
Food Security: Needs: Funding shortfalls remain a critical challenge impacting efforts by Food Security Sector  ( FSS )  partners to scale up response operations to the required levels during the ongoing lean season. Only WFP and ZOA have confirmed some levels of funding, which will enable FSS to scale up by September but will still leave some 1.3 million people across north east Nigeria  ( some of whom are in Adamawa State )  without assistance. With the lean season now in its peak, immediate funding is critical to avert further escalation of food insecurity in Adamawa and neighbouring states. Several LGAs are already reporting high malnutrition rates, particularly among children and pregnant and lactating women  ( PLW ) , which is an indication of poor food consumption.
Fufore IDP camp, hosting some 1,350 people is among the worst affected where partners reported alarming cases of illnesses including severe acute malnutrition  ( SAM )  particularly among children and pregnant and lactating women  ( PLW )  leading to higher morbidity and mortality in recent weeks. Following reports of worsening conditions, health partners including WHO rolled out emergency response in recent days, enabling rapid vaccinations for tuberculosis, measles, yellow fever, polio among others that reached some 159 severe cases as of 29 August. A rapid nutrition screening also identified some 20 SAM cases who have been referred to nearby community based management of acute malnutrition  ( CMAM )  and stabilization centers
Health Needs: • Following the spike in cholera cases and declaration of an outbreak by the Government, funding is urgently required to enable the rapid scale up of response by sector partners. Shortages of vital response kits including intravenous fluid and aqua tabs have been reported across affected locations. The situation could deteriorate over the coming weeks as the rainy season enters its peak period with more flooding incidents that contaminate water sources.
Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Needs: The Sector is struggling with shortages of essential WASH NFIs, including cholera kits, soaps and hygiene supplies to meet needs during the ongoing rainy season and to mitigate the further spread of AWD/cholera. With the official declaration of an outbreak by the Government, Sector partners will intensify advocacy efforts to mobilize additional resources to scale up response efforts
Between 16 and 22 August 2021, a total of 2,539 movements were recorded in the states of Adamawa and Borno. The recorded movements consisted of 1,837 arrivals and 702 departures. Arrivals were recorded at locations in Askira/Uba, Bama, Gwoza, and Monguno, and Ngala Local Government Areas  ( LGAs )  of the most conflict affected state of Borno and in Fufore, Girei, Gombi, Hong, Lamurde, Maiha, Michika, Mubi North, Mubi South, Numan, Song, Yola North, and Yola South LGAs of Adamawa.Departures were recorded in Askira/Uba LGA of Borno, and Fufore, Gombi, Hong, Lamurde, Madagali, Maiha, Mubi North, Song, and Yola South LGAs of Adamawa.
[ 31st Aug 2021, Adamawa State ]   ( Cholera )  Inadequate Active case search in the affected communities. Poor sanitation in affected areas. Shortage of Aquatabs for household distribution to treat household drinking water. Shortage of IEC materials. Open defecation still ongoing in some of the affected areas. Inadequate supply of Iv fluids and other WASH commodities. Shortage of soap for distribution at HH during Hygiene Promotion for personal hygiene. Shortage of Aquatabs for household distribution to treat household drinking water.
[ 16th 22 Aug 2021, Borno and Adamawa ] Madagali: 2311 departures were recorded in Madagalii LGA of Adamawa State. The departures included 140 individuals to Madagali LGA in Adamawa State, 33 individuals to Mubi North LGA in Adamawa State, 31 individuals to Girei LGA in Adamawa State and 27 individuals to Mubi South LGA in Adamawa State. All individuals who departed had Gwoza LGA in Borno State as their intended destination. Sixty one per cent of the movements recorded were a result of the impact of flooding in areas of origin, 25 per cent of the movements were due to voluntary relocation and 14 per cent of the movements were due to poor living conditions.
[ 23rd 29th Aug 2021, Borno and Adamawa ] Hong: 105 arrivals and 72 departures were recorded in Hong LGA of Adamawa State. The arrivals included 86 individuals from Gombi LGA in Adamawa State and 19 individuals from Askira/Uba LGA in Borno State. The departures included 44 individuals within Hong LGA in Adamawa State, and 28 individuals to Song LGA in Adamawa State. Forty nine per cent of the movements recorded were a result of the improved security situation in areas of origin, 25 per cent of the movements recorded were a result of the impact of flooding in areas of origin, 16 per cent of the movements were due to poor living conditions, and 11 per cent were due to voluntary relocation.
[ 23rd 29th Aug 2021, Borno and Adamawa ] Gombi: 108 arrivals and 150 departures were recorded in Gombi LGA of Adamawa State. The arrivals included 63 individuals from Song LGA in Adamawa State and 45 individuals from Mubi North LGA in Adamawa State. The departures included 86 individuals to Hong LGA in Adamawa State, 28 individuals to Girei LGA in Adamawa State, 26 individuals to Mubi North LGA in Adamawa State, and 10 individuals to Yola North LGA in Adamawa State. Thirty three per cent of the movements recorded were a result of the improved security situation in areas of origin, 31 per cent of the movements were due to voluntary relocation, 24 per cent of the movements recorded were due to fear of attack, and 11 per cent were due to poor living conditions.
[ 23rd 29th Aug 2021, Borno and Adamawa ] Mubi North: 89 arrivals and 77 departures were recorded in Mubi North LGA of Adamawa State. The arrivals included 35 individuals from Madagali LGA in Adamawa State, 28 individuals from Michika LGA in Adamawa State, and 26 individuals from Gombi LGA in Adamawa State. The departures included 45 individuals to Gombi LGA in Adamawa State, and 32 individuals to Song LGA in Adamawa State. Seventy nine per cent of the movements were due to voluntary relocation, and 21 per cent of the movements were due to poor living conditions.
[ 16th 22 Aug 2021, Borno and Adamawa ] Hong: 149 arrivals and 153 departures were recorded in Hong LGA of Adamawa State. The arrivals included 118 individuals from Hong LGA in Adamawa State and 31 individuals from Mubi North LGA in Adamawa State. All individuals who departed had Askira/Uba LGA in Borno State as their intended destination. Fifty one per cent of the movements recorded were a result of the impact of flooding in areas of origin, 30 per cent of the movements recorded were a result of the improved security situation in areas of origin, 10 per cent of the movements were due to poor living conditions and 9 per cent were due to voluntary relocation.
[ 16th 22 Aug 2021, Borno and Adamawa ] Askira/Uba: 395 arrivals and 85 departures were recorded in Askira/Uba LGA of Borno State. The arrivals included 239 individuals from Askira/Uba LGA in Borno State, 152 individuals from Hong LGA in Adamawa State and 4 individuals from Yola North LGA in Adamawa State. The departures included 63 individuals to Hong LGA in Adamawa State, 15 individuals to Gwoza LGA in Borno State and 7 individuals to Michika LGA in Adamawa State. Seventy eight per cent of the movements recorded were a result of the impact of flooding in areas of origin, 13 per cent of the movements recorded were a result of the improved security situation in areas of origin, 6 per cent of the movements were due to voluntary relocation and 3 per cent were due to poor living conditions.
[ 23rd 29th Aug 2021, Borno and Adamawa ]  ETT assessments identified the following movement triggers: voluntary relocation  ( 888 individuals or 41% ) , poor living conditions  ( 653 individuals or 30% ) , improved security  ( 383 individuals or 17% ) , fear of attack  ( 126 individuals or 6% ) , flood  ( 73 individuals or 3% ) , seasonal farming  ( 42 individuals or 2% ) , and military operations  ( 15 individuals or 1% ) .
[ 1st 15th Aug 2021, BAY states ]  As at the reporting period the number of new arrivals with the past weeks in need of NFIs are 5,366HH Maiduguri  ( 1,525HH ) , Monguno  ( 1,189HH ) , Mafa  ( 821HH ) , Bama  ( 324HH ) , Dikwa  ( 278HH ) , Konduga  ( 234HH ) , Kaga ( 215HH ) , Jere  ( 138HH ) , Ngala  ( 103HH ) , Gwoza  ( 76HH ) , Magumeri  ( 69HH ) , Damboa  ( 41HH )  and Yola South  ( 28HH )  LGA. Furthermore, 22% of latrines need dislodgement across 137 sites in 20 LGAs while 13% of showers across 74 sites are damaged and need to be repaired
[ 1st Sept 2021, Borno State ]  WASH: UNICEF, RUWASSA, IOM and other WASH sector partners continued response activities in affected locations through hygiene promotion, disinfection of households and latrine dislodgement, chlorination of water points and water trucking. Community sensitization continued focused on hygiene promotion and health education on hand washing and water purification, dangers of open defecation.
[ 1st 15th Aug 2021, BAY states ]  The reporting period of 1 15 August, the rain downpour further escalated in Borno, Adamawa and Yobe  ( BAY )  state thereby leading to spike in the number of flooded camps, increased shelter damages, loss of NFIs and displacing other families to squat with a host within camps. Access, capacity, and funding has become a major hindering factor to provide durable assistance to the affected population with the Rapid response mechanism having been activated in some of the dire locations with extreme conditions.
[ 1st 15th Aug 2021, BAY states ]  WATER SOURCE: The main source of drinking and non drinking water at displacement sites are the boreholes  ( 86% ) . Other sources of water supply include hand pumps, wells, water vendors and water trucking. 79% of the displacement sites have an average waiting time at water points less than 30minutes while 17% is between 30minutes and an hour and 4% of sites above one hour  ( figure 8 ) .
[ 12th Sept 2021, Borno State ]  Gubio LGA: 1059 Household  ( 4637 individuals )  were reached with house to house messaging on cholera prevention is ongoing, 412 household have also benefited from vector control activities with the participation 51 persons from the community.
[ 31st Aug 2021, Adamawa State ]   ( Cholera )  Wash: Additional 32 water points mapped and tested in Girei and Yola North LGAs last week for faecal contamination by IRC, making a total of 214 mapped water points.  ( See table 2 above ) . Chlorination of 32 water points ongoing by SI  ( 716,133 liters  ( 716m3 ) , NRC, IOM, and ICRC in Girei and Yola North LGAs
[ 31st Aug 2021, Adamawa State ]  ( Cholera )  House to House Hygiene Promotion and community sensitization/campaigns ongoing by SI  ( 2,526 persons,  ( 360HHs )  ) , IRC  ( 487 HHs with 2,922 persons,  ( 1,623F & 1,281M )  ) , NRC, IOM, ICRC and LESGO  ( 50HHs 362 persons )  teams in Girei and Yola North LGAs. SI Dislodged 100 pits of filled up latrines in IDPs camps and IDPs Host communities to mitigate the risk of outbreak of AWD.
[ 31st Aug 2021, Adamawa State ]   ( Cholera )  Set up CTU in affected LGAs. Solicit for funds to train healthcare workers in the affected and at risk LGAs. Continue to engage partners for more support across thematic areas. Share reports timely with NCDC and solicit for support of response material to be supplied to the state. Send out advisory on cholera to places of worship and schools.
[ 31st Aug 2021, Nigeria ] Also, according to IOM, between July 26 and August 15, IOM reported over 12,000 persons moved across Borno, Adamawa, and Yobe states out of these, over 9,500 arrivals to various destinations, mainly due to improved conflict and poor living conditions. These resettled and displaced populations likely face difficulties accessing most of their basic needs and engaging in their typical livelihoods.
[ 31st Aug 2021, Nigeria ]  The famine monitoring system taskforce assessment for the inaccessible areas in June found the Global Acute Malnutrition  ( GAM )  as measured by weight for height Z Score within the Critical  ( GAM 15 to 29.9 percent )  range among populations leaving in Magumeri, Kukawa, and Gwoza LGAs. Similarly, in July, the famine monitoring system found Critical levels of acute malnutrition and large food consumption deficits in Gwoza, Magumeri, Kukawa, and Konduga LGAs.
[ 31st Aug 2021, Nigeria ]  Considering the increase in attacks in these areas coupled with displacement in surrounding areas, atypical staple food prices, lower than average purchasing power, and limited market access, populations in inaccessible areas of Bama, Gwoza, Magumeri, and Kukawa LGAs and some neighboring areas are likely facing large food consumption gaps with high levels of malnutrition. As a result, Emergency  ( IPC Phase 4 )  outcomes are likely ongoing in these LGAs.
[ 31st Aug 2021, Nigeria ]  In the Northeast, particularly in Borno State, conflict continues; however, a slight decline has been observed between June and August due to the ongoing lean season and reports of some members of Boko Haram/Islamic State West Africa Province  ( ISWAP ) surrendering to Nigerian troops. Despite the lower levels of conflict, conflict and attacks persist concentrated in Dikwa, Mobbar, Damboa, and Magumeri LGAs and along the Maiduguri to Damaturu road in Konduga and Kaga LGAs as well as Hong LGA in Adamawa state. As the security situation in the Northeast remains volatile with recurring attacks by insurgents, there continue to be negative impacts on farming, trade, transhumance, other livelihood activities, and basic services
[ 31st Aug 2021, Nigeria ]  The Borno state government recruited agricultural rangers/vigilantes to provide additional security support to farmers in the state and also established farms for IDPs in crop cultivation. Similarly, FAO has supported over 65,000 beneficiaries across Borno, Adamawa, and Yobe states to boost agricultural production in the northeast.
[ 31st Aug 2021, Nigeria ] The Borno state government commenced in June the relocation of IDPs to their primary area of residence. Most IDPs have been resettled back to Konduga, Kukawa, Marte, and Mobbar LGAs. According to IOM, between August 6 and 8, over 5,500 individuals were relocated from Monguno LGA to other communities, including Doro and Kauwa in Kukawa LGA.
[ 27th Aug 2021, Borno State ]  Despite the large civilian population including recent influx of new arrivals, only six partner run health facilities are operational in the LGA with no capacity for secondary health care services. The General Hospital which could potentially provide health care services is non functional and is currently occupied by IDPs facing shelter shortages.
[ 27th Aug 2021, Borno State ]  Bama and Banki towns are among the most congested IDP sites where partners are struggling with limited space to support the increasing population influx and also mitigate risks of water borne disease outbreaks during the ongoing rainy season. Shelter partners are planning to carry out a rapid assessment of the damaged shelters in the coming days.
[ 27th Aug 2021, Borno State ]  Increasing influx of new arrivals and flash flooding trigger shelter shortages in Bama LGA: The shelter situation is further aggravated by recent flash flooding incidents from heavy downpours, which damaged or destroyed several shelters and critical WASH facilities affecting hundreds of IDP families. In Banki town, one person was killed and four others injured in heavy rainfalls that destroyed 91 shelters during the week.
[ 27th Aug 2021, Borno State ]  An influx of new arrivals, including those rescued by the military during counter operations and others coming from inaccessible locations, is stretching shelter facilities and services in the Government Senior Secondary School  ( GSSS )  camp in Bama LGA. In the last month alone, some 928  ( 366 households )  arrived at the already congested camp reception center, without individual shelters. The State Emergency Management Agency  ( SEMA )  also informed that another batch of over 500 new arrivals, including former combatants and their families who recently “surrendered' to the military, will arrive at the GSSS camp in the coming days and weeks.
[ 27th Aug 2021, Borno State ]  Acute water diarrhea  ( AWD )  cases reported in Damboa LGA where major health and WASH gaps persist for over 300,000 civilians:

More than 30 suspected cases of acute watery diarrhea  ( AWD )  have been reported in recent weeks across camps and host communities in Damboa LGA where partners are struggling with funding shortfalls, insecurity along supply routes and limited presence of state health and WASH actors to scale up critical services for over 300,000 civilians during the ongoing rainy season.
[ 27th Aug 2021, Borno State ]  Health partners rollout emergency response to suspected cases of AWD in Pulka town: Health sector partners over the weekend deployed vital cholera kits and over 30 cartons of other medical supplies to Pulka town following reports of suspected AWD cases in the area. Active case search, community mobilization/sensitization programmes and case management activities are also being scaled up across camps and communities in the town. An isolation/treatment facility has also been established to manage suspected cases.
[ 27th Aug 2021, Borno State ]   ( AWD )  As of 27 August, some 32 suspected cases were on admission while 79 have been treated and discharged. Field partners had in recent weeks raised concerns about the deteriorating conditions, particularly relating to health services in Pulka town, Gwoza LGA, hosting some 60,000 people including IDPs, returnees and the host community population. The withdrawal of MSF, the only agency providing secondary health care services, from Pulka in July continues to pose major concerns and gaps in health services particularly the management of chronic diseases such as diabetes.
[ 27th Aug 2021, Borno State ]  Unexploded ordnance blast kills three children in Ngala LGA: At least three children were killed and five others wounded  ( including three in critical condition )  following the explosion of an unexploded ordnance  ( UXO )  in Ngala town, Ngala LGA. According to field reports, the children were playing and collecting scrap metals under the Mblu bridge connecting to neighbouring Cameroon when one of them picked up the UXO that triggered the fatal explosion. Unconfirmed reports claim the explosive may have been planted by non state armed groups  ( NSAGs )  to blow up the bridge several months back.
[ 27th Aug 2021, Borno State ]  A similar fatal explosion was reported in the same LGA in December 2019 when a child accidentally detonated an explosive device he picked up while playing. While many conflictaffected communities have been reopened in recent years, paving the way for civilian returns and Government led relocations, protection partners continue to emphasize the need for major demining operations to mitigate the risk of UXOs and other remnants of war to guarantee safety, including in farming areas and along major supply routes where fatal explosions have been reported in recent years.
[ 27th Aug 2021, Borno State ]  Food Security/Livelihoods Needs: Ongoing insecurity marked by clashes, attacks and illegal vehicle checkpoints along major supply routes continue to impede scale up plans, including food deliveries especially in hard to reach and unreached locations. Access to land including for farming is also limited, especially in hard to reach areas. Although the FSS is working with other sectors and LGA authorities to explore access options in some locations such as Gubio and Nganzai LGAs, it is unlikely that many of such unreached locations will be covered during the lean season.
[ 27th Aug 2021, Borno State ]  FSS partners have commenced emergency food assistance across hard to reach locations for the month of August, while plans are being finalized to also preposition food supplies to cover the month of September in high risk areas such as Rann and Damasak towns, which may become more difficult to reach due to flooding along major roads during the peak of the rainy season.
[ 27th Aug 2021, Borno State ]  Response: Sector partners are intensifying vocational skills programmes including tailoring, welding, fish farming, automobile mechanics and solar energy installation for beneficiaries across camps and host communities in Maiduguri Metropolitan Council  ( MMC ) , Jere, Gwoza and Pulka towns as part of efforts to support livelihoods and self reliance. During the reporting period, some 90 beneficiaries from MMC, Jere, Mobbar, Hawul and Gwoza LGAs received support including cash grants to establish small scale businesses
[ 27th Aug 2021, Borno State ]  Although Borno State has not recorded any new cases of COVID 19 since early July, Health Sector partners continue to intensify response and risk mitigation protocols including testing services and awareness messaging through different channels such as mass media, handbills, house to house campaigns etc. as the country is currently witnessing a third wave of the pandemic with high rates of new infections reported in recent weeks. Following the arrival of additional doses of vaccines in the country, sector partners will be providing logistics and technical support to the SMoH in the distribution/administration of the vaccines once the state receives its allocation.
[ 27th Aug 2021, Borno State ]  Protection Response: The Danish Refugee Council  ( DRC )  conducted trainings on protection and human rights issues for some 53 stakeholders and local authority focal points from Pulka, Mafa, Bama, MMC and Gwoza towns during the reporting period, as part of efforts to improve quality of services. Sector partners led by IRC facilitated training for 33 justice and government actors covering general protection principles, the Kampala Convention, International Humanitarian Law, International Human Rights Law. IRC also provided legal assistance to vulnerable populations, including the restoration of custody of children to a widow during the reporting period.
[ 27th Aug 2021, Borno State ]  Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Needs: There is an urgent need for the repair and re construction of about 54 per cent of latrines that are partially functional or totally broken. Acute shortages, especially in locations like Damboa LGA, are a major concern as it exposes affected populations to safety hazards, especially women and girls who are at risk of abduction and sexual violence while venturing out of dwelling areas/safe zones in search of water. Although water trucking is being scaled up by sector partners, the approach is unsustainable and expensive. Resorting to unsafe sources for water has increased the risk of water borne diseases including acute watery diarrhea  ( AWD ) , which has been reported across several LGAs.
[ 27th Aug 2021, Borno State ]  Partners are facing significant shortages of essential WASH non food item  ( NFI )  kits including cholera kits, soaps and hygiene items to meet urgent needs during the ongoing rainy season. The withdrawal of a critical WASH partner, FHI360, from three major camps in Dikwa LGA has triggered major response gaps in the area, with thousands of IDP households directly affected. The sector is holding internal discussions to consider measures to close the gaps to mitigate risks and affected households resorting to contaminated water sources.
[ 3rd Sept 2021, North East Nigeria ]  Over 300,000 civilians in Damboa LGA are currently facing acute shortages of clean water, while complicated/critical health cases are being referred to neighbouring LGAs  ( between 60 to 90 kilometers away )  due to the absence of secondary health care facilities or services in the LGA. Gwoza LGA, is facing a similar situation of acute water shortages and major health service gaps since July when the only aid agency providing secondary health care services suspended operations. Poor hygiene facilities combined with overcrowding, especially across camps and host communities, is still a major risk factor for rapid spread being reported in the two LGAs.
[ 3rd Sept 2021, North East Nigeria ]  Borno: The cholera outbreak in Borno is particularly concerning as 75 per cent of the total 666 reported cases and 68 per cent of total 45 fatalities  ( as of 1 September )  are clustered in Gwoza and Damboa LGAs. These are currently hard to reach locations due to ongoing insecurity, where WASH facilities and health systems are particularly weak.
[ 3rd Sept 2021, North East Nigeria ]  Adamawa: Adamawa State currently has some 124 cholera cases and 5 fatalities across six LGAs, including the capital city of Yola. A spike in cases, reaching 50 in mid August, prompted the declaration of a cholera outbreak by the Government to activate a response. Although new cases marginally dropped towards the end of August, heavy rainfall and flooding incidents affecting some 15 LGAs in recent days could potentially trigger a surge in new cases. This has temporary displaced people and contaminated of water sources in affected communities.
[ 3rd Sept 2021, North East Nigeria ]   Yobe: Yobe is yet to officially declare a cholera outbreak, although the State has the highest number of AWD cases. An estimated 1,300 people have been affected across 12 LGAs. Of the total 104 samples tested so far with cholera rapid diagnostic tests  ( RDTs )  and cultured test in Yobe State, 77  ( which accounts for 74 per cent of total samples tested )  returned positive including for V. cholerae. Damaturu, the state capital, is the most affected accounting for more than 60 per cent of the number of reported cases.
[ 3rd Sept 2021, North East Nigeria ]  Emergency Response: • Through the Ministry of Health, humanitarian partners provided support under the guidance of the Health and WASH Sectors. They activated emergency measures across the BAY states, prioritizing response actions and risk mitigation measures in affected locations and high risk areas. Across the three states, health and WASH partners are intensifying case management activities, including the establishment and management of cholera treatment centers  ( CTC )  and emergency operational centers  ( EOCs ) . These centres isolate and treat suspected cases and manage/track different components of the response. Rapid response teams  ( RRTs )  have been deployed across affected areas to implement emergency response, deliver vital supplies and conduct active case search in in hard to reach areas.
[ 3rd Sept 2021, North East Nigeria ]  The Government   with support from humanitarian partners   are redoubling surveillance efforts and exploring strategies to ramp up prepositioning of vital risk mitigation and response kits across cholera hotspots in hard to reach areas. This includes Damasak, Rann and Dikwa towns of Borno State, where flooding and a deteriorating security are impacting access, including movement of supplies.
[ 3rd Sept 2021, North East Nigeria ]  Awareness campaigns are being put in place in affected areas and in vulnerable communities, including through mass media, distribution of information, education and communication  ( IEC )  materials, house tohouse engagements etc. The campaigns are being complemented by distribution of water treatment and hygiene supplies, such as chlorine, knapsack sprayers with disinfectants, aqua tabs, soap, disinfectants and other materials that may help stop the spread of disease.
[ 3rd Sept 2021, North East Nigeria ]  WASH: Trucking of chlorinated water and disinfection of contaminated water sources/points is being ramped up across affected and vulnerable locations. In Adamawa State, over 200 contaminated water sources have so far been chlorinated. In total, over 3.5 million litres of chlorinated water were delivered to vulnerable households  ( including in IDP camps )  in Borno and Yobe states.
[ 3rd Sept 2021, North East Nigeria ]  De sludging of filled or flooded latrines is being intensified, with over 600 completed in recent days across Borno and Yobe communities. Water testing is ongoing across the three states, including testing of over 200 water points that have been decontaminated in Adamawa State. In the state chlorinated water is also being delivered to households across affected and vulnerable communities. Communities are being mobilized for positive hygiene practices including the safe disposal of waste, disinfection of homes and surroundings and clearing of blocked drainages and expansion of culverts and trenches to enable the free flow of floodwater.
[ 3rd Sept 2021, North East Nigeria ]  Challenges: Funding shortfall/gap is a critical challenge across the board for both Government and partners who are already struggling to mobilize resources to sustain the initial response. This is the first time since 2018 that the BAY states are simultaneously hit by cholera/AWD outbreak. The number of cases is expected to increase over the coming days and weeks as the rainy season enters its peak. Funding for health and WASH components of the Humanitarian Response Plan  ( HRP )  is particularly low. Only 17 per cent of the requirement for Health  ( $14 million received out of $83 million requirement )  and 1 per cent funded for WASH  ( $612,000 received out of $92.7 million required )  as of the end of August.
[ 3rd Sept 2021, North East Nigeria ]  The funding shortfall, which affects preparedness, mitigation and case management, including the prepositioning of risk mitigation and response kits. It is impacting all pillars of the response and scaleup plans, with some of the worst affected locations, such as Damboa and Gwoza towns in Borno State, already reporting shortages of vital kits and medicines which will run out in the coming days. Lack of resources to run the response effectively and procure and deliver timely supplies is impeding the response.
[ 3rd Sept 2021, North East Nigeria ]  The Federal Government of Nigeria's  ( FGN )  restriction on the importation of some medical supplies, such as Ringer Lactate solution, which is critical for cholera treatment, is a major challenge for the ongoing response due to scarcity in the local market. It is hoped that the GoN would relax the restriction to allow for faster procurement processes.
[ 3rd Sept 2021, North East Nigeria ]  Access constraints due to ongoing insecurity in affected and vulnerable areas is impacting the response. Weak health care systems in some of these areas, availability of trained medical personnel and movement of critical supplies and inability to preposition supplies is also impeding the response. In Dikwa town in Borno State, a major hotspot for cholera/AWD, the largest health and WASH partner announced the withdrawal of their services due to the volatile security situation. Rann and Damasak towns in Borno State are other cholera hotspots where access challenges due to ongoing insecurity continue to hinder large scale response, including the prepositioning of vital kits. Bureaucratic procedures for obtaining clearances for third party deliveries and escorts for aid convoys to some hard to reach locations have become more challenging, dallying the delivery of urgently needed supplies and kits.
[ 3rd Sept 2021, North East Nigeria ]  Limited footprint of Government health structure, especially in deep field/hard to reach locations, in Borno State is impacting the quality of response, including the availability of personnel in health/treatment facilities. This is the case in Damboa LGA where the General Hospital, which could be very pivotal in expanding cholera treatment services, is still non functional. In Gwoza LGA, the delays in deployment of government health teams to the major secondary health care facility, more than two months after the withdrawal of a major health partner, has resulted in major health response gaps.
[ 3rd Sept 2021, North East Nigeria ]  There is an urgent need to intensify engagement with authorities such as the Nigerian Armed Forces to reduce bureaucratic procedures for the movement of critical supplies. An agreed operational modality for delivery of these kits to unreached locations, especially in northern Borno, is also critical considering the return of people to some of these places in recent months. Surveillance and access to timely information about the situation in these locations is important to enable prompt response.
[ 3rd Sept 2021, Northern Nigeria ]  “These horrific abductions often result in the immediate closure of all schools in the affected states   putting an abrupt halt to the education of affected students,' said Peter Hawkins, UNICEF Representative in Nigeria. “Even when schools re open, it discourages parents from sending their children to school and leaves children traumatized and fearful of going to classrooms to learn.'
[ 5th Sept 2021, Adamawa State ]   ( Cholera )  Most referred cases from PHCs are coming in critical state. Poor sanitation in affected areas. Shortage of Aquatabs for household distribution to treat household drinking water. Shortage of IEC materials. Open defecation still ongoing in some of the affected areas. Inadequate supply of Iv fluids and other WASH commodities. Shortage of soap for distribution at HH during Hygiene Promotion for personal hygiene. Shortage of Aquatabs for household distribution to treat household drinking water.
[ 5th Sept 2021, Adamawa State ]   ( Cholera )  The total number of cases reported as at 5 th September, 2021stands at 169 suspected cases with 7 deaths  ( CFR=4.1% ) , Girei reported 44 cases with 2 deaths  ( CFR= 4.5% ) ; Yola North reported 39 suspected case with 1 death  ( CFR= 2.6% ) , Yola South reported 33 suspected cases with 1 death  ( CFR= 3.0% ) , Shelleng reported 17 cases with 0 death  ( CFR=0% ) , Fufore reported 2 cases with 0 deaths  ( CFR=0% )  and Gombi reported 34 cases with 3 death  ( CFR=8.8% ) . Of the 169 suspected cases, 15 revealed 01 serotype.
[ 5th Sept 2021, Adamawa State ]   ( Cholera )  Case management: 9 cases currently on admission in the CTC. 48 cases were admitted and 37 discharges in the CTC Specialist Hospital Yola. 2 deaths recorded at the CTC. WHO with support from SMOH, ADPHCDA & NCDC trained 40 CTC staff on Cholera case management, IPC, PSS & RCCE. They were from Fufore, Shelleng, Gombi and the CTC in SSHY. SI is currently supporting water trucking in the CTC following the breakdown of the borehole.. No stipends for the contracted staff who work in the SSH CTC after 4 weeks of work.
[ 5th Sept 2021, Adamawa State ]   ( Cholera )  Wash: Chlorination of twenty  ( 20 )  water points is ongoing in Girei LGA, Adamawa state. 754,928 liters  ( 754m3 )  of water was chlorinated during the reporting week period. Door to door HP on cholera prevention is ongoing in Girei LGA, Adamawa state. 2,710 individuals  ( 360HHs )  were reached with HP awareness sessions in Njabbore community of Girei LGA,
[ 5th Sept 2021, Adamawa State ]   ( Cholera )  244 pieces of soaps were distributed the hygiene promotion sessions. 38 cholera cases were reported from the CTC in Adamawa for the week. As a result, 38 cholera kits were distributed to the patients. 151 HHs  ( 23 case+ 128 neighboring )  and 23 latrines were disinfected by the disinfection team. 720 pieces of soaps was distributed to the neighboring HHs that were sprayed/Disinfected.
[ 5th Sept 2021, Adamawa State ]   ( Cholera )  Risk Communication: WHO supported Community Champions Risk Communication reached 12,800 individuals from 1,920 households in 7 settlements of Yola South, Yola North, Girie, Shelleng, Gombi and Fufore were reached. 10 suspected cholera cases were detected and linked with the reporting channels. Sensitization letter containing key cholera messages on prevention and control have been written and distributed to state Chairman CAN and Muslim council to sensitize their members
[ 5th Sept 2021, Adamawa State ]   ( Cholera )  Challenges: Inadequate water point mapping, profiling, testing, chlorination and supervision across the affected LGAs More partners required to support risk communication. Funds to support outbreak response is yet to be released by the state Government. LGA level coordination needs to be strengthened. Lack of stipends to support Case Managers in the CTC in SSH & GH Garkida. Ambulance services still a challenge especially for distant locations. Some of the health facilities in affected LGAs have inadequate manpower.
[ 6th Sept 2021, Borno State ]   ( Cholera )  WASH: UNICEF, RUWASSA, IOM and other WASH sector partners continued response activities in affected locations through hygiene promotion, disinfection of households and latrine dislodgement, chlorination of water points and water trucking. Community sensitization continued with focused on hygiene promotion and health education on hand washing and water purification, dangers of open defecation.
[ 1st   31st Aug 2021, North East Nigeria ]   ( Covid 19 )  During the period 01   31 August 2021, 805 movements were observed at four Points of Entry in Borno state. Of the total movements recorded, 472 were incoming from the Far North Region in Cameroon and 4 from Ndjamena in Chad. Additionally, 329 outgoing movements were recorded from Borno State to the Far North Region in Cameroon.
[ 6th Sept 2021, Borno State ]   ( Cholera )  Surveillance: Active case search continued in all affected locations across the state, supported by WHO. 7,095 households were visited and sensitized 46,177 persons on basic preventive measures for cholera. Priority locations identified and communicated to WASH and risk communication teams. Alerts investigation and samples collection ongoing.
[ 6th Sep 2021, Bama ]  The influx of IDPs and returnees into the town has caused food shortages in the market. The new arrivals have been in the camp for three weeks without food as a result of the slow registration process. There are also others who arrived five months ago who are also yet to access services including food due to registration related challenges. The overall shortage of food is causing hunger and children to fall ill – cases of malnutrition are on increase.
[ 6th Sep 2021, Bama ]  Gaps and challenges: • Suitable sites have been identified by IOM, UNHCR and SEMA, however approval of land has not been secured by the LGA chairman to decongest the current camp needs. • Reproductive health services in all the primary healthcare facilities and advance obstetric services at the General hospital is urgently needed for women.
[ 6th Sep 2021, Bama ]  Women are disproportionately affected in and out of camps. The majority of people coming out of high risk/unreached locations are women and children – many are forced to live out in the open due to lack of assistance including food and shelters. Conditions in camps have been stretched by the ongoing rainy season  ( with shelters and facilities damaged by flooding and windstorm )  and influx of new arrivals.
[ 6th Sep 2021, Bama ]  Protection: Women reported challenges with access to sources of cooking fuel, such as firewood. Women and children venturing outside Bama to collect firewood are exposed to the risk of being killed, abducted, or raped. Despite the surrender of members of NSAGs and their families, on 1 September NSAGs attacked IDPs about three kilometers from the IDP camp and abducted up to sixteen women. The body of a male was recovered at the scene of the attack. In a separate incident, SEMA reported 177 individuals went to Sabsawa village in search of firewood were rounded up by NSAGs. 11 people returned, 48 corpses were found, and the remaining 118 are still unaccounted for. Following the attacks, the military has restricted movement in the area.
Approximately 4,000 people arrived at the GSSS IDP camp in Bama town between May and August 2021; of which an estimated 500 people arrived on 31 August alone, exacerbating an already dire shortage of shelters and congestion in the IDP camp. The general condition of children arriving is particularly concerning, with many showing signs of acute malnutrition.