nlp-thedeep/humsetbias huggingface dataset:
Askira/Uba: 141 arrivals and 97 departures were recorded in Askira/Uba LGA of Borno State. The arrivals include 82 from Kilanga, Ngohi ward and 4 from Uba ward and were tracked in Ngohi, Ngohi ward and Mussa ward respectively. Other arrivals include 28 from Oshodi Isolo LGA of Lagos State, 21 from Hong LGA of Adamawa State, 3 from Damaturu LGA of Yobe State and 3 from Garoua of Cameroon. The departures include 37 from Askira East ward, 37 from Chul/Rumirgo Ward, 18 from Lassa ward and 5 from Husara/Tampul ward. 73% of the new arrivals reported to have relocated due to the ongoing conflict/attack, 20% involuntarily, 5% due to poor living conditions while 2% relocated voluntarily. 95% of the departures reported to have relocated due to fear of attack while 5% were reportedly due to improved security.
Many civilians have suffered abuse and rights violations and are deeply traumatised by the violence. The recurrent attacks and ensuing security measures have restricted free movement. Farming, trade, transhumance and other activities have been significantly affected, depriving millions of people of their means of survival and disrupting access to basic services. The violence has also forced more than 1,000 schools to close. The delivery of assistance is increasingly challenged by insecurity and physical constraints. In order to scale up their response aid agencies require more resources. In 2019, only 54 per cent of the US$1.3 billion needed for the response was received.
The main season harvest for the 2019/2020 consumption period is substantially below average across the area relative to the pre conflict period due to limited access to farmland. The restriction on tall growing crops such as staple cereals within the garrison towns by the security agencies has been maintained. As a result, only very few populations were able to produce staple crops such as millet, maize and sorghum. As a result, a greater percentage of households continue to rely on market purchases and partly on humanitarian assistance for food. Populations who were able to cultivate meet less than 10 percent of their food needs from their own production.
During 17 – 23 February 2020, a total of 3,067 movements were recorded, composed of 2,151 arrivals and 916 departures. Arrivals were recorded at locations in Maiduguri Metropolitan Council, Askira/Uba, Bama, Damboa, Dikwa, Gwoza, Konduga, Mobbar and Ngala Local Government Areas  ( LGAs )  of Borno State. Arrivals were also recorded in Demsa, Fufore, Girei, Gombi, Hong, Madagali, Mayo Belwa, Michika, Mubi North, Mubi South, Numan, Song and Yola South LGAs of Adamawa State. Departures were recorded in Askira/Uba and Kala/Balge LGAs of Borno State. Departures were also recorded in Demsa, Fufore, Girei, Gombi, Hong, Madagali, Michika, Mubi North, Mubi South, Numan, Song and Yola South LGAs of Adamawa State
There was one suspected case of Cerebrospinal Meningitis  ( CSM )  reported from one LGA in Oyo state. None was laboratory confirmed and no death was recorded
In this reporting month, 1 st – 31 st January 2020: o Of the 341 samples tested for rubella  ( Measles IgM negative and indeterminate ) , 40  ( 11.7% )  were Rubella IgM positive, 300  ( 88.0% )  were Rubella IgM negative and 1  ( 0.3% )  was indeterminate o A total of 32  ( 4.1% )  LGAs in 17  ( 45.9% )  states reported ≥ 1 Rubella IgM positive case o Enugu  ( 7 ) , Lagos  ( 6 ) , Abia  ( 4 )  and Imo  ( 4 )  accounted for 52.5% of the Rubella IgM positive cases reported o A total of 8 LGAs in 6 states had an outbreak: Enugu  ( 3 LGAs )  while Abia, Imo, Lagos, Ondo and Sokoto State have 1 LGA each o No death was recorded among Rubella IgM positive cases.
The current levels of malnutrition are aggravated by ongoing conflict in the region, food insecurity and inadequate dietary intake, as evidenced by low minimum acceptable diets in Adamawa – 3.8%, Borno – 0.5% and 3.0% – Yobe. There is minimum meal frequency and minimum dietary diversity across all domains in the region. No children aged 6 23 months in Northern Borno and MMC/ Jere domains receive a minimum acceptable diet and there is poor Infant and Young Child Feeding  ( IYCF ) , including low levels of exclusive breastfeeding, in all states  ( Adamawa – 52.2%, Borno – 45.6% and Yobe – 35.1% ) . The practice of early initiation and sustained breastfeeding beyond two years is low in the majority of the domains across the states.
How Severe, How Many and When – Of the 10 domains included in the IPC Acute Malnutrition analysis, 4 domains are classified in IPC Phase 3  ( Serious )  acute malnutrition while the other 6 domains are in IPC Phase 2  ( Alert ) . The situation is expected to get worse in 3 domains and a total of 7 domains are expected to reach IPC Phase 3  ( Serious )  acute malnutrition by April 2020. Major disparities exist in some of the domains where some Local Government Areas are more affected by acute malnutrition than others. A total of 921,618 children aged 6 59 months are expected to suffer from acute malnutrition during the course of 2020.
According to the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, 981 cases have been confirmed across the country as of 24 April. On 18 April, the first case of COVID 19 was confirmed in Borno State, the epicentre of a humanitarian crisis that has forced over 1.8 million people to leave their homes.
The worst conflict affected households in the northwest – Sokoto, Zamfara, and Katsina states, and in the central zone of Nigeria – Plateau, Kaduna, Taraba, Niger, Benue and Nasarawa states who remain displaced are dependent on atypical livelihood activities. At least 20 percent are minimally able to meet food needs only and will experience Stressed  ( IPC Phase 2 )  food insecurity through May 2020. As pastoralists return to their bases during the growing season and near the start of the lean season, these worst affected households in the northwest will likely face Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  between June and September.
Conflict related to insurgency, armed banditry, communal, pastoralist/farmer, kidnapping, and cattle rustling persist across the country. The worst affected areas are in the northeast, closely followed by the northwest and north central parts of the country. An increase in attacks has been reported across the affected areas in the northeast, northwest and central states since late 2019. A report by Global Rights, an international non governmental organization shows that 3,188 Nigerians, including 2,707 civilians and 481 security operatives, were reportedly killed in 2019 across the country.
On 31 December 2019 UNHCR, in collaboration with the governments of Cameroon, Chad, and Niger reported that Niger is hosting 120,619 refugees from Nigeria, while 111,670 refugees are in Cameroon and 12,723 others are staying in Chad. In Nigeria, UNHCR has reported 50,163 Cameroonian refugees residing mainly in host communities across Akwa Ibom, Benue, Cross River and Taraba states by November 2019. Recently, about 8,000 Cameroonian refugees who are in need of emergency food, shelter and medical care are crossing into Nigeria due to the escalating Ambazonian conflict in parts of Cameroon. In total, almost 60,000 refugees were presently in Nigeria at the end of 2019.
In February, insurgents attacked Konduga  ( Auno )  where around 30 people were killed, and houses and vehicles were burnt by the insurgents. Similar attacks were also reported in Kala balge, Ngala, Dikwa, Damboa, Tungushe  ( Magumeri LGA ) , Mbalala  ( Chibok LGA ) , Maiduguri, and Babangida, Yobe state. Despite continued population displacement and livelihood restrictions, humanitarian food assistance is declining. In November 2019 over 1,577 million people received food assistance across Adamawa, Borno and Yobe states but in December 2019, the level of assistance declined to 1.397 million people across the three states.
Conflict related to communal differences, farmer versus pastoralist, and kidnappings persist in the north central states including Plateau, Nasarawa, Niger, Kogi, Kaduna, Taraba and Benue where recent attacks have led to population displacements. Most displaced populations are in host communities while some are residing in camps where they are partly dependent on humanitarian actors and community support for food and income. Similarly, communities in north west Nigeria face critical livelihood conditions due to the increase in attacks in 2019 from armed bandits that drove 42,000 Nigerians to seek refuge in Niger, while 200,000 people were internally displaced within Nigeria.
On February 15, 2020 bandits laid siege to Tsauwa and Dankar villages in Batsari LGA  ( Katsina state )  where 21 and 9 people were killed, respectively, and houses and foodstuffs were burnt by the bandits. In Niger state eight LGAs including Shiroro, Rafi, Munya, Tafa, Lapai, Borgu, Marisa and Paikoro are currently under siege by bandits who kidnap and kill members of the local populations, burn houses, and rustle livestock. Displaced households are living in host communities, while others are in camps and are in need of food, shelter and medical care. In Kuta, Shiroro local government headquarters, Niger state, there are about 100,000 IDPs.
Similarly, between late January to mid February 2020 about 18 communities were invaded by the bandits in Shiroro LGA, including Gurmana, old Gurmana and Ashirika in Shiroro LGA. Over 200 cattle were rustled in Shiroro LGA. Also, at least 47 people in Beni, Munya LGA were kidnapped by bandits who are demanding NGN 49 million from the captives' relations for their freedom. Similarly, the captors of 15 people from Kukoki in Shiroro LGA are demanding N22.5million in ransom. In neighboring Kaduna state, bandits' attacks and kidnapping are also common in Birnin Gwari, Kachia, Kajuru, Giwa, and Igabi LGAs where several fatalities occurred recently, and population displaced. Counter attacks by the security forces have left 250 bandits dead in Birnin Gwari LGA, Kaduna state.
Due to the persisting level of attacks and kidnappings, several markets are either not functioning or functioning at below average levels. For example, markets such as Gyari market in Gummi LGA is functioning at 40 percent, while Wuya, Bagaga and Rafin Gero markets in Anka LGA are functioning at 50 percent, 70 percent and 80 percent, respectively. Similarly, Dankurmi, Dangulbi, Bindin and Matunji markets in Maru LGA are functioning at 30 percent, 30 percent, 50 percent and 50 percent, respectively. These limitations also constrain livelihoods activities and food access since most traders avoid these areas due to fear of attacks.
Communities outside of the IDP settlements within the Sambisa axis, northern and central Borno, northern Adamawa, and southern Yobe, and who mainly remain outside of the main urban centers in the northeast will continue to receive constrained or no humanitarian assistance and are dependent on their own limited harvests and market purchases for food. These population will likely remain in Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 ) . Households in partly accessible or difficult to access areas and those worst affected by the conflict who are unable to engage in normal livelihood activities, and who face constrained access to markets and assistance provisions, will continue to face larger food consumption gaps and will continue to face Emergency  ( IPC Phase 4 )  outcomes.
Affected households are unable to engage in normal livelihood activities – including farming in the recent season. Similarly, few are engaged in restricted dry season cultivation. Goronyo LGA was affected by both conflict and flooding during the recent season and impacted households have relocated to urban areas and are either in camps or living with host communities. Most affected households are engaged in atypical labour work, and petty trading to earn minimal income and access food, while some are indebted. Women and girls are engaged in domestic work to earn limited income. Some girls and boys are also engaged in hawking and begging to support their families.
Results show that the average daily number of individuals observed in January, at the FMPs in Nigeria, was 1,208. This represents a 5 per cent decrease compared to the daily average of December 2019. The 5% decrease from the previous month was largely due to the government's tight security at the Nigeria Niger borders. Nigeria, Niger, Chad, and Cameroon were the main countries of departure and intended destination for individuals passing through FMPs. In addition, the types of flows identified were: short term local movements  ( 43% of all flows ) ; economic migration of more than six months  ( 36% of all flows ) ; seasonal migration  ( 11% of all flows ) ; and tourism  ( 10% of all flows ) .
The results also include 124 children from neighbouring Cameroon, Chad and Niger Republic. Of these arrivals, 29 children moved to Bama, 24 to Gwoza, 14 to Mobbar and 57 to Ngala; 2 of the 124 arrivals were screened into the Red category, 110 in the Green category and 12 were in the Yellow category. All children found with acute malnutrition have been admitted for treatment.
On May 28, Vera Uwaila Omosuwa, a 22  year old microbiology student at the University of Benin, Edo State was raped and brutally assaulted after she went to study in a church, according to reports received by the National Human Rights Commission. She died two days later.
During 10   16 February 2020, a total of 2,883 movements were recorded, composed of 2,397 arrivals and 486 departures. Arrivals were recorded at locations in Askira/Uba, Bama, Biu, Damboa, Dikwa, Gwoza, Konduga, Mobbar and Ngala Local Government Areas  ( LGAs )  of Borno State. Arrivals were also recorded in Demsa, Girei, Gombi, Hong, Madagali, Michika, Mubi North, Mubi South, Numan, Song, Yola North and Yola South LGAs of Adamawa State. Departures were recorded in Bama and Kala/Balge LGAs of Borno State. Departures were also recorded in Demsa, Fufore, Gombi, Hong, Madagali, Maiha, Michika, Mubi North, Mubi South, Numan, Song and Yola South LGAs of Adamawa State.
Gwoza: 177 arrivals were recorded in Gwoza LGA of Borno State. The arrivals include 20 from Maisandari ward of Maiduguri Metropolitan Council, 18 from Shehuri/Hausari/Mairi ward of Bama LGA and 12 from Bale Galtimari ward of Jere LGA. Other arrivals include 10 from Maiha LGA, 4 from Yola South LGA and 2 from Girei LGA of Adamawa State, 8 from Apapa and 1 from Ikeja of Lagos State, 79 from Mora and 23 from Mokolo of Cameroon. 95% of the new arrivals reported to have relocated voluntarily while 5% relocated due to poor living conditions.
Due to lack of investments and policy support, there are no significant improvements in cattle productivity
During the period 1 to 31 May 2020, 444 movements were observed at twenty three Points of Entries in Adamawa and Borno states. Of the total movements recorded, 367 were incoming from Extreme Nord, 46 from Nord, 14 from Quest, 6 from Nord Quest, 5 from Centre in Cameroon; 5 from N'Djamena in Chad republic and 1 from Niger Republic .
Displaced people in Lagos face severe discrimination in the city's existing slum communities, which often forces them to set up shelters in new informal settlements. Others remain homeless and sleep in churches, under bridges, or in abandoned properties. The Lagos shutdown has put displaced people in the spotlight and has seen mass eviction from places that would not otherwise be visible to the Lagos state enforcement authorities.
During the period of 13   19 April 2020, a total of 1,465 movements were recorded, composed of 1,158 arrivals and 307 departures. Arrivals were recorded at loca�ons in Askira/Uba, Bama, Damboa, Dikwa, Gwoza, Konduga, Mobbar and Monguno Local Government Areas  ( LGAs )  of Borno State. Arrivals were also recorded in Girei, Gombi, Hong, Michika, Mubi North, Mubi South, Numan, Song, Yola North and Yola South LGAs of Adamawa State.
Following the confirmation of the COVID19  ( novel Corona Virus )  case in Nigeria, the Federal Ministry of Health  ( FMoH )  has reassured the country that government is putting efforts to urgently control and contain the situation. The confirmed case is an Italian citizen who works in Nigeria and returned from Milan, Italy to Lagos, Nigeria on 25th February 2020. He was confirmed by the Virology Laboratory of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, part of the Laboratory Network of the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and is being managed at the Infectious Disease Hospital in Yaba, Lagos.
The 4 in 10 working Nigerians who work in non farm enterprises are likely to be particularly affected as demand contracts and consumers cut spending. Although agriculture is expected to be more resilient, working Nigerians employed on farms and related industries could see incomes fall due to market disruptions. At the same time, non labor incomes are likely to decline if foreign remittances fall, as is expected.
An analysis per population group showed that proportions of households with severe or extreme severity of needs were fairly consistent across the board  ( 73% of returnee households, 71% of non displaced households and 68% of IDP households ) . This might be an indication that needs in Adamawa were less determined by affected populations' status, but exacerbated by longer term structural and socio economic drivers such as chronic underdevelopment, little access to assistance or recovery, and heightened flooding hazard during rainy season,10,11 notably in more rural communities.
This was especially the case in rural areas, and more so in Northern LGAs where nomadic populations are suffering from desertification and the decrease of available arable land for livelihoods. This situation also meant that food insecurity was also more prevalent in those areas.13 The LGAs with the highest proportions of households with severe or extreme multi sectoral needs were Yusufari  ( 83% )  and Machina  ( 81% ) , both in Northern Yobe in more or less arid setting.
There were 158 suspected cases of Lassa fever  ( LF )  reported from 14 LGAs in 10 states  ( Edo – 34, Ondo – 77, Ebonyi – 12, Bauchi – 3, Taraba – 17, Plateau – 8, Gombe   1, Akwa Ibom – 1, Ogun – 3 & Abia – 2 ) . There were 64 confirmed cases  ( Ondo – 32, Edo – 18, Ebonyi – 5, Taraba – 5, Plateau – 2, Bauchi – 1 & Ogun   1 )  and 12 deaths were recorded  ( Ondo 6, Taraba  4, Edo  1 & Ebonyi  1 )   One health care worker was infected in the reporting week
An exhaustive nutrition screening using monitoring of symptoms of acute malnutrition mid upper arm circumference  ( MUAC )  and Oedema was conducted by Nutrition Sector partners for 213 children of 6 59 months. Of the 213 children screened, the MUAC reading was: 5 children  ( 2 from inaccessible and 3 from an accessible area )  in the Red category, 18 in the Yellow category and 190 measured in the Green category. No cases of Oedema were reported in the 4 LGAs that reports were received from.
An exhaustive nutrition screening using monitoring of symptoms of acute malnutrition mid upper arm circumference  ( MUAC )  and Oedema was conducted by Nutrition Sector partners for 185 children of 6 59 months. Of the 185 children screened, the MUAC reading was 3 children  ( 1 from Inaccessible and 2 from an accessible area )  in the Red category, 9 in the Yellow category and 173 measured in the Green category. No cases of Oedema were reported in the 4 LGAs that reports were received from.
Analysis of the impact of the 2019 border closure found that it contributed to higher inflation especially true for food, despite the relatively little impact on agricultural output. Because of the rises in food prices, Nigerian consumers now need to pay 2 percent more for the same basket of goods, with negative effects on their consumption.
In contrast to camps and camp like settings, hand pumps were the main source of water in 54 per cent  ( up from 53% )  of sites where IDPs are residing with host communities. In 25 per cent of sites  ( up from 24% ) , piped water was the main source of drinking water, followed by protected wells  ( 9%   no change from the last round of assessment )  and unprotected wells  ( 6%   down from 9% ) . Other common water sources include water trucks  ( 5% )  and surface water  ( 1% ) .
On 22nd May 2020, a re broke out at the Government Senior Science Secondary School  ( GSSSS )  Camp, Monguno. The resultant damage left 124 individuals  ( 31 households )  without shelters and properties. It was reported that 35 makeshift shelters and one transitional shelter  ( constructed by the International Committee of the Red Cross or ICRC )  was burnt.
In 95 per cent of displacement sites  ( same as the last round of assessment ) , toilets were described as ‘not hygienic', while toilets were reported to be in hygienic conditions in only 5 per cent of sites  ( up from 4% ) . In both Yobe and Bauchi States, all toilets were described as not hygienic in this round of assessment as well. In Borno, 100 per cent  ( up from 97% in the last round of assessment )  were reported as not hygienic.
In Adamawa State, the lack of access to livelihood in Gwoza LGA has led to the pendular movement of 300 IDPs and returnees and their teenage girls to three camps  GSS, Wakane and 20housing unit  and local communities. They move to work in the host communities' farms. These pendular movement exposes Internally Displaced Persons  ( IDP )  to protection risks such as Sexual and Gender Based Violence  ( SGBV )  and physical attacks. Cases killing and abduction have been reported by the Persons of Concern.
A high of 63 per cent  ( a change from the last round of assessment published in November )  of areas of returns assessed do not have access to health services. This figure is the highest for Adamawa at 57 per cent, followed by Borno at 30 per cent and Yobe at 13 per cent. In areas that do have access to health services, the most common type were government hospitals  ( 19%   down from 21% )  followed by general hospital  ( 7% ) .
From 24 February – 1 March 2020, a total of 2,376 movements were recorded, composed of 1,782 arrivals and 594 departures. Arrivals were recorded at locations in Maiduguri Metropolitan Council, Askira/Uba, Bama, Chibok, Damboa, Dikwa, Gwoza, Konduga, Mobbar, Monguno and Ngala Local Government Areas  ( LGAs )  of Borno State. Arrivals were also recorded in Fufore, Girei, Gombi, Hong, Maiha, Michika, Mubi North, Mubi South, Numan, Song, Yola North and Yola South LGAs of Adamawa State. Departures were recorded in Askira/Uba, Gwoza and Kala/Balge LGAs of Borno State. Departures were also recorded in Gombi, Hong, Madagali, Maiha, Michika, Mubi North and Numan LGAs of Adamawa State.
Gombi: 50 arrivals and 219 departures were recorded in Gombi LGA of Adamawa State. The 50 arrivals were from Daksiri ward of Hong LGA. The departures include 149 from Garkida ward, 39 from Guyuku ward, 17 from Gombi North ward and 14 from Tawa ward. The arrivals were all due to improved security. 82% of the departures reported to have relocated due to fear of attack while 18% were reportedly due to the ongoing conflict/attack.
Gwoza: 155 arrivals and 112 departures were recorded in Gwoza LGA of Borno State. The arrivals include 26 from Girei, 20 from Yola South, 15 from Gombi, 9 from Maiha and 2 from Hong LGAs of Adamawa State. Six from Bali and one from Gashaka LGAs of Taraba State. 56 from Mora and 20 from Minawao of Cameroon. The 112 departures were from Pulka Bokko ward. 94% of the new arrivals reported to have relocated due to poor living conditions while 6% relocated due to the ongoing conflict/attack. The departures were all voluntarily.
Leading cause of morbidity and mortality in week 12: Malaria  ( suspected n= 7,292; confirmed n= 4,445 )  was the leading cause of morbidity reported through EWARS accounting for 32% of the reported cases, while neonatal deaths  ( 5 )  was the leading cause of mortality reported through EWARS accounting for 41% of the reported deaths
Bama: 609 arrivals were recorded in Bama LGA of Borno state. The arrivals include 592 from Mayo Sava ward in Cameroon due to poor living condi�ons and 17 from Shehuri/Hausari/Mairi ward of Bama LGA in Borno state relocated voluntarily.
Besides the pandemic, agriculture in Nigeria is still remains vulnerable to the effects of agroclimatic change. Collectively, these challenges call for the government, first, to lessen the pandemic's effects on food security and, second, to accelerate the creation of more and better jobs by transforming agricultural and agribusiness value chains.
The majority of observed individuals  ( 63% )  were adult men, while 20 per cent were adult women and 17 per cent were children, including 6 per cent of children under five. A significant share of travellers  ( 13% )  were elderly  ( aged 60 or older ) . Travellers were primarily carrying out short term local movements  ( 43% ) , longterm economic migration  ( 36% )  or seasonal migration  ( 11% ) . Notably, 10 per cent of individuals were tourists.
Across parts of the north and middle belt of Nigeria, a deadly conflict between nomadic herders and farmers over land and water resources has taken hundreds, if not thousands, of lives in attacks and reprisals. More than 300 people were displaced in this village bordering Taraba, a state affected by frequent attacks and reprisals in Nigeria's middle belt. The conflict between farmers and herders in Nigeria and across West Africa spans hundreds of years, with historical records of cattle herders and crop farmers embroiled in clashes from as early as the 12th century. With climate change making grazing and water resources scarcer in the last decade, the conflict has worsened, affecting food production and leading to greater food insecurity and malnutrition.
Site infrastructure assessments were conducted, identifying shelter reinforcement kits and basic NFI kits as the major gaps that need to be addressed ahead of the upcoming rainy season.
Some aid workers told Human Rights Watch that the restrictions have only intensified the very real threat of abduction and execution aid workers face. In July, fighters from a Boko Haram faction killed one aid worker and abducted six, all staff of Action Against Hunger. Five of the six were later killed. On January 18, 2020, suspected Boko Haram insurgents attacked a United Nations facility housing several aid groups in Ngala, Borno State. At least 20 internally displaced people waiting for assistance at the facility were killed, media reports said.
The four others Bama, Gwoza,Moba, and Monguno are reported to be in IPC phase three, featuring highly stressed and critical lack of food access with high and above usual malnutrition and fast depleting livelihood resources. There are reported disease outbreaks and protection issues related to security incidents, including missing children, psychosocial – mental health – distress, abductions or disappearances, restrictions on freedom of movement, and forced displacement.
Aid agencies cannot reach an estimated 1.2 million people, a 30 percent increase since 2018, according to Edward Kallon, the UN resident and humanitarian coordinator in Nigeria. In terms of territory, 85 percent of Borno State is considered inaccessible by humanitarian agencies, with four LGAs completely inaccessible. Access to seven others is limited to the perimeter of one or two towns, reachable only by helicopter. Access to rural populations is limited to a few areas around Maiduguri, along some main roads, and in the southern part of the state.
According to UNOCHA, nutrition screenings in reception centers for those arriving from inaccessible areas reveal that the nutrition situation of children in these areas is significantly worse than that of children in areas currently receiving assistance. Kallon has said that preserving humanitarian access to vulnerable communities presents the most critical challenge in the northeast humanitarian response.
Nigeria faces multiple overlapping security challenges across the country, many of which feature high levels of civilian targeting   such as armed violence in the northwest and the Boko Haram insurgency. Despite these already significant levels of anti civilian violence, Nigeria saw the second largest increase in the number of violence targeting civilians of any country across ACLED's areas of coverage.
Acute watery diarrhea: In Epi week 9, 588 cases of acute watery diarrhea were reported through EWARS. Of the reported cases, 101 were from FHI360 clinic Banki in Bama, 92 were from PUI mobile clinics in MMC, 87 were from Ngaranam PHC in MMC, 80 were from Sabon Gari Lowcost IDP camp clinic  ( MDM )  in Damboa and 38 were from FHI360 PHC Damasak in Mobbar. No associated death was reported.
The affected population include 74 children, 18 women, 15 men and 17 elderly persons. Most of the affected are now residing with friends and families within the camp while some of them are trying to erect makeshift shelters.
As at the time of reporting, no aid has been provided to the affected individuals. They are in immediate need of shelters, food items and Non Food Items  ( NFIs )  such as cooking utensils, blankets, jerry cans, mattresses and buckets, etc.
Malaria: In Epi week 9, 4,973 cases of confirmed malaria were reported through EWARS. Of the reported cases, 315 were from General Hospital in Biu, 175 were from Uba General Hospital in Askira Uba, 158 were from Gwange PHC in MMC, 127 were from Uba Dispensary in Askira Uba, 119 were from Gumsuri clinic in Damboa and 100 were from Mashamari PHC in Jere. One  ( 1 )  associated death was reported from Chibok General Hospital.
Regarding the ongoing Lassa Fever outbreak in Borno State, twenty one  ( 21 )  cases of Lassa fever reported as at 29th Feb, with 2 associated deaths.
On the 28th of February, 2020, the Federal Ministry of Health announced the first confirmed case of COVID 19 in Nigeria.From week 1 to 7 of 2020, a total of 673 suspected measles cases with 1 associated deaths  ( case fatality ratio 0.2% )  was reported in the BAY states. Borno state accounts for 57% of suspected measles cases reported from the 3 States. The most affected age group was children less than 10 years of age, accounting for over 65% of the affected population.
The absence of local authorities, civil administration and access to justice in several LGAs such as Gwoza and Bama continues to hinder UNHCR's ability to effectively deliver on its responsibilities.
Acute respiratory infection: In Epi week 9, 8,501 cases of acute respiratory infection were reported through EWARS. Of the reported cases, 668 were from PUI mobile clinics in MMC, 574 were from General Hospital Ngala  ( FHI360 ) , 483 were from FHI360 clinic Banki in Bama, 271 were from Ngaranam PHC in MMC, 246 were from Damboa MCH in Damboa and 240 were from ICRC FSP Clinic in Monguno. No associated death was reported.
Suspected Yellow Fever: Two  ( 2 )  suspected yellow fever cases were reported through EWARS from Gumsuri Clinic  ( 1 )  in Damboa and Jaragol Clinic  ( 1 )  in Bayo. One  ( 1 )  additional was reported through IDSR* from Gwoza LGA
In Nigeria, the country with the largest increase in violence targeting civilians over the past three months, communal militias were largely to blame: ACLED records an increase from 70 events to 175 events of communal militia targeting of civilians across Nigeria during this period.
Furthermore, 3,070 latrines and 1,661 showers have been damaged or completely washed off by the stormy rains thus exposing IDPs to using contaminated water for home use and drinking. Water borne diseases and other related disease outbreaks such as Cholera, diarrhea and malaria have been recorded by the health sector in addition to the COVID 19 pandemic.
Two  ( 2 )  Acute Bacterial Meningitis cases were reported through EWARS from UMTH in Jere and One  ( 1 )  suspected meningitis case from Chibok General Hospital.
Malnutrition: 1,168 cases of severe acute malnutrition were reported through EWARS in week 9. Of the reported cases, 60 were from Fori PHC in Jere, 60 were from Kurbagayi MCH in Kwaya Kusar, 58 were from Gajiram FSP in Nganzai, 42 were from Gamadadi PHC in Bayo and 35 were from Umaru Shehu Hospital in Jere. One  ( 1 )  associated death was reported from Limanti Dispensary in Bayo LGA.
Neonatal death: Three  ( 3 )  neonatal deaths were reported through EWARS from UMTH in Jere.
Unpredictable security situation hampers movements of health workers, drugs and other medical supplies. • Although health situation is improving under the NE Nigeria Health Sector 2019 Strategy, the health service delivery continues to be hampered by the breakdown of health facilities infrastructure. • There is a serious shortage of skilled health care workers, particularly doctors, nurses and midwives, with many remaining reluctant to work inaccessible areas because of ongoing armed conflict.
Continuous population displacements and influx of returnees and/or refugees disrupt and further challenges the health programs implementation. • Access to secondary health care and referral services in remote areas is significantly limited. • Unavailability of network coverage in the newly liberated areas negatively affects timely submission of health data for prompt decision making.
Askira/Uba: 104 arrivals and 30 departures were recorded in Askira/Uba LGA of Borno State. The arrivals include 81 from Husara/Tampul ward of Askira/Uba LGA in Borno state and 23 from Gombi LGA of Adamawa state. Reported departures include 18 from Mubi North LGA, 7 from Girei LGA and 5 from Hong LGA in Adamawa state. 68% of the recorded movements were due to improved security, 19% due to fear of a�ack and 13% relocated voluntarily.
In Adamawa, former children and women associated with NSAG in Madagali complained to be rejected by family members and the community. In addition, culturally approved discrimination against all blacksmiths in the community caused disharmony in Madagali/Michika, meanwhile in Angwa Kara the non inclusion of host community members in the provision of humanitarian assistance created tensions between IDPs and host communities.
Gombi: 77 arrivals and 12 departures were recorded in Gombi LGA of Adamawa state. The arrivals include 39 from Madagali LGA, 17 from Mubi South LGA, 16 from Fufore LGA and 5 from Hong LGA in Adamawa state. Reported departures were from Askira/Uba LGA in Borno state. All recorded movements were voluntary reloca�ons.
Major protection incidents: 58 incidents were reported in November through KII bringing to 84 incidents reported between October and November 2019 in the BAY States.
Videos circulating on social media suggest that vulnerable groups living in unsafe shelters are being victimised. Displaced people living under bridges and in abandoned properties, including many women and children, reported that their shelters had been raided. [ 2 ] Human rights activist Femi Falana has warned that the enforcement of the stay at home order is leading to human right abuses and violence against vulnerable groups. This could be resulting in secondary displacement for displaced populations.
The security situation in the States of Borno, Adamawa, and Yobe  ( BAY )  is unpredictable and volatile. Insecurity and attacks by Non State Armed Groups continue to affect UNHCR and other humanitarian agencies' activities in North East Nigeria in addition to causing population movements. A ban was imposed on the movement of transport vehicles by roads connecting Maiduguri to Damasak, Monguno, and Damaturu areas of UNHCR operation. The recent seasonal flooding has significantly impacted IDPs and returnee's quality of life in all the camps including host communities. Hundreds of shelters were destroyed causing secondary displacement to some of the already vulnerable IDP Households. Humanitarian agencies continue to carry out response activities in terms of recovery of shelters.
This is the reality for hundreds of people we've spoken to across Nigeria who have, or are thought to have, mental health conditions. They are chained and locked up in various facilities, including state run rehabilitation centers and psychiatric hospitals, and traditional and faith based rehabilitation centers. They are shackled to heavy objects or to other detainees, in some cases for months or years. Many are physically and emotionally abused and forced to take questionable treatments.
Many of Lagos' displaced people were previously engaged in small scale farming. They often lack the necessary skills required to gain formal employment in cities, and therefore depend on the informal economy to make ends meet. Even this requires at least a little start up capital, which means men stand a higher chance of making an income than women.
Following the 11 year conflict in north east Nigeria, only 30% of health facilities in Borno State are fully functioning according to the WHO health resources availability monitoring system  ( HeRAMS ) , 45% in Adamawa and 69% in Yobe State. The healthcare resources have been devastated with more than 1.7 million vulnerable women of reproductive age requiring reproductive health care and support. Over 50 000 live births face complications with a high risk of maternal mortality and morbidity.
The impact of the displacement for communities and persons displaced is huge and has remained key to increase in disease situation with consequences. Borno is currently experiencing an outbreak of measles with over 21,052 cases as at the end of December 2019. This is due to non immunization amongst displaced children from locations that are security compromised, which further puts at high risk children under 5 years already facing dangerously high levels of malnutrition, endemic malaria and other epidemic prone diseases. Cholera outbreak in Adamawa and Lassa fever in Borno has just stopped as no more cases reported during the last three weeks.
Data from WHO Early Warning and Response System in June 2019 indicate that malaria compounded by malnutrition is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality for 34.4% of cases and 18.1% of reported deaths in the crisis affected areas. This is further compounded by the fact that 50% of health facilities that would have provided malaria prevention or treatment are completely or partially destroyed, worsened by inadequate malaria diagnostic kits and antimalarial drugs
The majority of displaced people in Lagos earn a daily living in the informal transportation system, in open markets or through street trading. The total shutdown has made it impossible for many displaced people to work. Although the state government isdistributing relief materials, reports from the displaced communities suggest that none have yet benefited from such distributions.
The impact of the humanitarian crisis in the conflict affected states of Borno, Adamawa and Yobe  ( BAY states )  presents one of the greatest vulnerabilities to the spread of COVID 19. The situation is a complex protracted crisis with huge developmental needs, damaged infrastructure, lack of governance and rule of law outside Maiduguri and major garrison towns. The most vulnerable population groups are children, women, elderly and people with chronic medical conditions. The biggest fear is the effects on the decrease immunity associated with diseases and risks typical of humanitarian contexts such as malnutrition, measles, malaria, HIV etc.
Overcrowding of displaced people's shelters in cities makes social distancing all but impossible. These shelters often lack access to water and sanitation, which can further undermine attempts to contain the disease.
Similarly, congested living environments in IDP camps and host communities along with poor sanitary infrastructures contributed to the massive cholera outbreak in Borno State in 2018 with 6,439 persons affected including 74 associated deaths mostly among IDPs. These are multi sectoral issues which demand a multi sectoral approach. Key sectors  ( CCCM, Protection, Health, WASH, Nutrition )  are working together to ensure adequate monitoring, preparedness and response strategy.
The deterioration of the security situation in the past months has exacerbated the situation especially for displaced women, children and the elderly being the most vulnerable. Overall, in 2019, around 4.7 million people need humanitarian support including health services. Borno is the worst affected by the insurgency among the three North east states and contribute 83% of the internally displaced persons as at 2019.
The humanitarian situation is expected to worsen due to COVID 19, particularly due ongoing stressors experienced by the health system including disrupted health system in many inaccessible LGAs, non functional health facilities, lack of health care staff, overwhelmed response capacity of international humanitarian agencies and lack of resources. A tightening of pre existing movement restrictions, economic deterioration coupled with strained public services will further increase humanitarian needs and compound existing operational challenges.
The rapid escalation of the outbreak of 2019  nCOV and its global spread has significant implication to public health security in Nigeria. The virus, transmitted mainly through droplet infections, has a very high potential of rapid spread. The fact that the States still have major gaps in its preparedness underlines the need for rapid action and support.
There are reports and allegations of an increase in the number of women and girls' abduction in Monguno. During August and September 2019, around 35 women and girls were reportedly abducted. This is primarily due to increased vulnerability in the community being forced to move outside the security trenches in search of firewood and other cooking items. An increase in gender related abuse by government security forces was also reported in some of the camps.
The provision of adult in patient health services continues to be challenging since the withdrawal of MSF from Monguno. The only remaining adult in patient health facility  ( with only three beds )  managed by ALIMA is overwhelmed, besides facing operational challenges related to lack of fuel for generators.
In week 12, the number of new confirmed cases decreased from 51 cases in week 11, 2020 to 28 cases. These were reported from 12 States  ( Edo, Ondo, Ebonyi, Bauchi, Taraba, Plateau, Kogi, Abia, Enugu, FCT, Benue and Gombe )   ( Table 3 ) .  Cumulatively from week 1 to week 12, 2020, 173 deaths have been reported with a case fatality rate  ( CFR )  of 18.9% which is lower than the CFR for the same period in 2019  ( 22.9% )
Access to justice for survivors of GBV and other affected populations is a significant concern as there is no capacity to prosecute perpetrators of violence, including SGBV. Government agencies responsible for civic documentation are not on the ground while the majority of the population lack documentation.
As per the HNO, 7.9 million people are expected to be in need of humanitarian assistance in 2020 of whom the humanitarian partners will target 5.9 million of the most vulnerable people. The unforeseen shock, such as the COVID19 pandemic, is likely to impact current projections. The capacity of the health system to address the possible impact of the pandemic, remains limited.
The COVID 19 pandemic is placing significant strain on healthcare facilities that are already overwhelmed by lack of capacity as well as ongoing disease outbreaks such as cholera, lassa fever, measles and malaria, particularly in the northeast. As a result, precious health resources are being diverted from the critical needs to bolster access to basic healthcare nationwide. The Government will draw on resources from the national purse otherwise destined to combat other health emergencies and disease outbreaks. As cases increase, preventative health care will be severely impacted.
IDP movement both inter and intra camp movements as well as cross LGA movements as a result of forced displacement was recorded. The resumption of agricultural activities also further complexed the movements as some IDPs sought lands to cultivate. As such, 3,198 IDPs were recorded in the last two weeks as newly displaced. Unfortunately, the rain season has also increased the vulnerability of IDPs due to increased destruction of properties and shelter. So far, 12,671 HH have been affected by flooding, stormy weather and the heavy rains.
Oil revenues have been projected to crash from N5.5 trillion to N1.1 trillion. The cost of Brent crude has dropped to rock bottom and is expected to average $20 per barrel  ( vs. budget benchmark of $57 per barrel ) . And the country had to seek external loans to fund its budget deficits.
Elderly people and persons with disabilities are not receiving adequate care and face difficulties accessing assistance especially during distributions of relief items.
Despite interventions by food security partners, hundreds of IDPs are claiming missing out of food distribution due to multiple disconnected beneficiary registers. Vulnerable households also claim duplication of activities amongst partners has also heightened the situation.
• The capacity of health facilities to accept referrals remains very limited within Monguno as there are only primary healthcare services. There is a need for more advocacy to increase the availability of medical facilities within the camp through the establishment of more mobile healthcare services.
In North East Nigeria, the influx of IDPs at camps in Borno state has increased vulnerability to trafficking, smuggling and other forms of exploitation. Generally, IDP camps in North East Nigeria have been known as hotspot areas for human trafficking as well as for irregular migration. However, there is little data available and there is a lack of programming targeting trafficking in these regions. It is against this background that this assessment has been conducted.
Malaria: In Epi week 12, 4,445 cases of confirmed malaria were reported through EWARS. Of these, 400 were from General Hospital in Biu, 247 were from Pulka PHC in Gwoza, 204 were from Uba General Hospital in AskiraUba, 157 were from Gwange PHC in MMC, 136 were from Biriyel MCH in Bayo, 118 were from Algon clinic in Monguno, 108 were from Wandali PHC in Kwaya Kusar and 101 were from Askira General Hospital. One  ( 1 )  associated death was reported from Whitambaya Dispensary in Hawul.
49% of the IDPs are living in emergency and transi�onal shelter, 35% in makeshi�, 11% in collec�ve/communal shelter and 5% in public facili�es. • 926HH are living in the open in Maiduguri  [ 920 ] , Kaga  [ 5 ]  and Girei  [ 1 ]  • 3,546HH are sharing shelter in across 40 sites in 11 LGAs. • 20,547 shelters are damaged across 103 sites in 15 LGAs.
Acute watery diarrhoea: In Epi week 12, 315 cases of acute watery diarrhea were reported through EWARS. Of the reported cases, 57 were from PUI mobile clinics in MMC, 43 were from Sabon Gari Lowcost IDP camp clinic  ( MDM )  in Damboa, 34 were from Herwa Peace PHC in MMC, 33 were 8 from FHI360 PHC Damasak in Mobbar, 17 were from Kautikari Federal Health Clinic in Chibok and 16 were from Hausari IDP camp clinic  ( MDM )  in Damboa. No associated death was reported.
Access in Monguno is limited to the town only as other parts of the LGA remain inaccessible to humanitarian organizations due to military operations and frequent attacks by NSAGs. Partners can only reach Monguno via the UNHAS helicopter. Previously, some INGOs could access the Monguno – Gajiram – Maiduguri road.
84% of the total latrines on sites are functional while 16% are damaged. • 17% of the total latrines need to be disludged. 82% of the total showers are functional while 18% need to be repaired.
Suspected Measles: Eighty six  ( 86 )  suspected measles cases were reported through EWARS in week 12. Of the reported cases, 17 were from General Hospital Magumeri, 16 were from PUI Mobile clinics in MMC, 9 were from Vinadam Dispensary in Hawul, 6 cases each from Biriyel MCH in Bayo and Garu MCH in Chibok, 3 cases each from Gomari PHC in Jere, ICRC FSP Clinic in Monguno and Wawa Dispensary in Kwaya Kusar. Twenty one  ( 21 )  additional cases were reported through IDSR* from Dikwa  ( 1 ) , Konduga  ( 1 ) , MMC  ( 1 )  and Monguno  ( 18 )  LGAs making a total of 107 suspected measles cases. No associated death was reported
COVID prevention related movement restrictions in the BAY states have led to slow or limited humanitarian response to IDP needs especially items needed to replace damaged or destroyed shelters and NFIs due to lack of availability, increased market prices and procurement and logistic constraints. Despite the existing challenges Shelter and NFI partners have provided 621 HH with shelter solutions in the reporting period.