nlp-thedeep/humsetbias huggingface dataset:
The armed groups on the receiving end of these dodgy arms deals – including “The Giants', the Security Belt and Elite Forces – are trained and funded by the UAE, but are not accountable to any government. Some of them stand accused of war crimes, including during the recent offensive on the port city of Hodeidah and in the UAE backed network of secret prisons in southern Yemen.
A deal brokered by the UN in December between the government of Abed Rabbo Mansour Hadi and Ansar Allah, better known as the Huthis, was agreed largely on humanitarian grounds. The Stockholm Agreement was a success in that it prevented a battle for the Red Sea port and city of Hodeida that would likely have sparked a major famine. But six weeks on, the ceasefire agreed in Sweden is still on shaky ground and aid agencies are warning that unless they can access a wheat storage and milling plant on the outskirts of Hodeida they will struggle to ward off mass starvation.
The WFP has not been able to enter or directly assess damage to the storage facility, which has been on the edge of one of the main frontlines around Hodeida since fighting broke out nearby in September. The Huthis have mined the area around the mill, cutting off road access from the city. They claim that they have begun the demining process, but that engineers doing this work have come under fire from nearby UAE backed forces; on 29 January, a deminer working near Red Sea Mills was killed by what the Huthis claim was gunfire from coalition controlled territory but may in fact have been unexploded ordnance. The coalition, for its part, says it was prepared to allow an aid convoy to pass on that date, but could not because the Huthis failed to demine portions of the main highway to Sanaa they control at Hodeida.
UN officials worry that they have no way of knowing how much wheat is still in storage and how much of it is still consumable, while lack of access has made food import and distribution exceptionally difficult. Although Aden port in the south has the capacity to process more food imports than it does at present, logistical and security constraints along with insurance costs for goods being shipped into Yemen have caused so many challenges that a number of traders and humanitarian organisations have been transporting goods into Yemen via Salala port in western Oman. This route has its own problems, however; the UN is trying to work out an arrangement on cross border transfers that satisfies Muscat, the Yemeni government and the Saudi led coalition.
Food assistance has played a critical role in preventing Yemen slipping into famine. The current scale up is in response to increased needs caused by the ongoing conflict and exacerbated an economic decline that has resulted in food prices 66 162 percent higher than before the crisis. About 20.1 million people are food insecure, an astonishing two thirds of the population and an increase of 13 per cent from 2018.
Nearly 10 million people are suffering from extreme hunger and close to 240,000 people are experiencing catastrophic food consumption gaps. An estimated 7.4 million people require services to treat or prevent malnutrition, including 3.2 million people who require treatment for acute malnutrition – 2 million children under 5 and more than one million pregnant and breastfeeding women.
In the context of ongoing hostilities, Mine Action partners continue to implement spot task clearance, including survey activities, focusing on high risk and high impact locations and on critical infrastructure. Key mine action partners are UNDP and the Yemen Executive Mine Action Center. New partners include the Danish Demining Group and the King Salman Humanitarian Aid and Relief Centre project to demine Yemen  ( MASAM ) .
At least 300 families were displaced to Abs District  ( Hajjah Governorate )  in the last three weeks, fleeing hostilities elsewhere in Hajjah, such as Haradh and Hayran districts. Abs district is hosting an estimated 23,000 Internally Displaced Persons  ( IDPs ) , many of whom have been displaced multiple times; people are also relocating from within Abs district, due to the proximity of fighting.
The recent escalation of violence in Al Hudaydah has threatened the delivery of essential food and medicine to other parts of the country. Nearly 394,000 children under 5 years are suffering from severe acute malnutrition  ( SAM )  and require treatment. Only 10 per cent of children under 6 months are exclusively breastfed and the majority of children are deprived of a healthy diet.4 Only 15 per cent of children are eating the minimum acceptable diet for survival, growth and development.5 Rising food insecurity,6 coupled with poor sanitation and lack of safe water has increased the spread of preventable diseases.
The conflict driven humanitarian crisis in Yemen has been described as the largest emergency in the world, with more than 22 million people in need of humanitarian assistance.1 Conflict has led to the internal displacement of 2.2 million people,2 left over 1 million public sector workers without pay for two years and undermined humanitarian access. An estimated 12 million Yemenis, including 2 million children, will be dependent on food assistance in 2019.3 The economy continues to deteriorate, with the rial losing nearly 50 per cent of its value, and affected families struggling to purchase food as a result.
The caseload of acute watery diarrhoea  ( AWD )  and cholera outbreaks has reached more than 1 million, and a diphtheria outbreak in 2018 affected at least 2,200 people. Children are the primary victims of the crisis. The Country Task Force on Monitoring and Reporting grave child rights verified that more than 6,700 children have been killed or maimed since the start of the conflict and more than 2,700 boys have been recruited into armed forces and groups. The actual figures are likely to be higher. Children remain under extreme risk of death or injury from unexploded ordnances or remnants of war. The damage and closure of schools and hospitals are threatening children's access to education and health services, rendering them vulnerable to serious protection concerns. At least 2 million children in Yemen are out of school.
Since the escalation of violence in Al Hudaydah in June, an estimated 600,000 people have fled the governorate. Although less than in recent months, fighting continues in and around Al Hudaydah city and humanitarian operations remain challenging due to the security and operational environment. The peace talks held in Sweden in December 2018 resulted in a cessation of hostilities for Al Hudaydah city. Fighting has put children in particular at risk, notably children in hospitals or children in need of immediate medical assistance, and who may be dependent on delivery of lifesaving supplies and water.
Lack of payment continues for many of Yemen's civil servants, resulting in reduced and closure of basic services. An estimated 50 per cent of health facilities are closed, meaning families have limited access to medical services. Lack of teacher's salaries affects more than 3.7 million children in the country who are unable to attend school and are therefore at higher risk of child protection risks such as forced recruitment or marriage.
Since the onset of the second wave of Acute Watery Diarrhea  ( AWD ) /cholera outbreak on 27 April 2017, the cumulative total of suspected cholera cases until end of December 2018 has reached over 1.3 million with 2,732 associated deaths  ( 0.20 per cent case fatality rate )  across the country. This case fatality rate is 0.2 per cent lower than as at 31 December 2017. For the first time in Yemen, Oral Cholera Vaccination campaigns were rolled out in high risk districts in Aden, Ibb and Al Hudaydah. During these campaigns at least 707,000 people received at least one round of the vaccinations.
Almost four years of conflict, Yemen faces one of the worst humanitarian crisis in the world. The escalation of conflict and violence has led to economic collapse, a destruction of basic services, pushed more families into poverty and into famine. With no end in sight to the conflict, the economic crisis, disease and displacement, the situation of Yemeni children and families is set to worsen, with an anticipated 24 million people  ( 80 per cent of the population )  in need of humanitarian assistance and protection and an estimated 3.9 million people who have been displaced since the conflict.
The country is currently facing one of the largest food crisis in the world, rendering food and nutritional support one of the main humanitarian priorities. Going into the new year, 18 million people are food insecure, including 8.4 million who suffer from extreme hunger. Seven million Yemeni's are malnourished, including almost two million children and more than one million pregnant and lactating women.2 This builds on the latest Integrated Food Security Phase Classification  ( IPC )  analysis publicized in December 2018, which noted that 17 per cent of the population  ( about 5 million people )  analyzed will be in IPC Phase 4  ( Emergency )  and 36 per cent  ( about 10.8 million people )  will be in IPC Phase 3  ( Crisis ) . In terms of severity, the worst affected areas are in Al Hudaydah, Amran, Hajjah, Taiz and Saada Governorates.
In 2018, WASH needs remained substantially high due to increasing number of IDPs as a result of the escalation of the conflict along the coastal areas of Hodeida and other front lines; natural disasters  ( cyclone, famine )  and an increasing number of AWD/ cholera cases. UNICEF has scaled up emergency WASH assistance and ensuring that sustainable WASH services underpinned the humanitarian assistance through investment in capacity building of the local WASH authorities, solarisation of water systems and rain water harvesting.
From January to end of December 2018, there have been almost 361,273 suspected cholera cases and 493 associated deaths,  ( CFR 0.13 per cent ) . A total of 227 of the 333 districts in country have reported cases during 2018. In addition, a total of 184,216 rapid diagnostic tests  ( RDTs )  have been performed with 45,707 found positive  ( 25 per cent )  and 3,256 cases  ( sampled out of the 10,412 )  tested have been confirmed by culture tests  ( 31 per cent ) . The last four weeks indicate a gradual reduction in the cases reported.
Between January and December 2018, the Country Task Force on Monitoring and Reporting verified 1,321 incidents of grave violations against children. The escalation of hostilities in Al Hudaydah governorate resulted in a dramatic increase of children killed and injured because of the conflict. Specifically, data increased from around 100 child casualties in 2017 to over 500 child casualties in 2018.
The verification of recruitment and use of children decreased by 60 per cent in 2018 compared to 2017 due to security threats and access constraints on humanitarian actors and human rights monitors. Education and health related incidents increased by 56 per cent compared to the previous year; 46 per cent of the education and health related incidents were attacks on schools and hospitals and 44 per cent were the military use of schools and hospitals.
One of the largest challenges has been the lack of civil servant salaries, which has and continues to have a profound effect on the accessibility of education to children in Yemen. Nearly three quarters of public school teachers in 11 governorates have not been paid for over two school years, which has disrupted schooling of around 3.7 million children in these governorates. Through continued advocacy efforts to find a temporary solution, UNICEF succeeded to secure USD 70 million for monthly cash incentives for teachers in Yemen. Although negotiations are ongoing, the contribution is set to facilitate incentives for approximately 135,000 teachers and school based staff for approximately nine months.
Pregnant women are malnourished: Today 3.25 million women and girls of childbearing age  ( 15 to 49 years )  need support. Escalating food shortages have left an estimated 1.1 million pregnant and lactating women malnourished, and threaten the lives of 75,000 women who are likely to develop complications during childbirth, including newborns with stunted growth.
Mr. Griffiths said that a deadline set for the withdrawal of Houthi fighters in Hudaydah, the crucial port that carries the vast majority of life saving aid and goods into the country, had been delayed, and said that planned prisoner exchange talks, were still a work in progress.
This visit is part of the ongoing efforts of the SRSG for Children and Armed Conflict and her office to engage with all parties listed in the annexes of the Secretary General's Annual Report on CAAC. Such engagement strives to develop and implement time bound activities aimed at ending and preventing grave violations against children and improving the protection of boys and girls living in situation of armed conflict  ( SCR 2225 ) . “Children continue to be used and abused by, in and for armed conflict. It is our common responsibility to stop these violations, help children overcome their ordeal and together prevent violations in the future. This is true for Yemen and those involved in that armed conflict but also applies to all situations of armed conflict on the CAAC agenda,' SRSG Gamba added.
Over the last two months, the civilian toll has risen significantly. Between 5 and 10 January, at least 12 civilians were killed and another 12 injured by artillery shells and airstrikes, according to the Protection Cluster's Civilian Impact Monitoring Project. Eight of these casualties were killed when artillery shells struck houses in Ash Shalilah village in Haradh District. This is the highest number of civilian casualties reported in a single incident in the governorate since August 2018.
In Haradh, the most affected district, hospitals and other public service providers have closed due to fighting. Prior to the recent escalation, many families used to shuttle back and forth between their villages and neighbouring districts to receive humanitarian assistance, but movement has become more restricted.
Fresh momentum cannot come soon enough. Coalition officials, particularly from the United Arab Emirates  ( UAE ) , have warned that if the parties fail to make progress soon on redeployments from Hodeida, the coalition parties and their Yemeni allies will return to hostilities. While this could be a tactical move to maintain pressure on the Huthis, it could well turn into military action if a negative momentum builds. For now, however, coalition officials remain committed to seeing the Stockholm Agreement implemented.
Meanwhile, the UN held meetings between Huthi and Hadi government delegations in Jordan to discuss a planned prisoner swap of as many as 16,000 people, as agreed in Sweden in December. These talks ended amid all too familiar mutual recriminations. Yet Griffiths described the discussions as “upbeat', and another round of meetings on a prisoner exchange is likely to take place in February.
On 16 January, the UN Security Council adopted Resolution 2452, the second of two resolutions on Yemen in a month, approving the United Nations Mission to support the Hodeida Agreement  ( UNMHA ) , to be composed of as many as 75 persons, with a six month mandate, as Secretary General António Guterres had requested. There is a good possibility that Cammaert will not stay on to lead it, and a successor is currently being sought. The UAE sent a letter to Security Council member states on 17 January, restating its commitment to the ceasefire and the Stockholm Agreement but condemning alleged Huthi infractions and hinting at a potential military response.
Reports indicates that some families continue to displaced into Al Khawkhah and Al Mukha districts as well as to other location in Aden hub due to the sporadic clashes happened during the month in Al Hudaydah mostly to IDP hosting sites. SNC  ( Sub National Cluster )  held its monthly meeting on 19th of December to de brief on the HNO 2019 results, update on the progress made on providing integrated response in the IDP hosting sites, discuss the hub re alignment and develop the CCPM action plan.
In some parts of the country including Ibb and Taizz, gasoline sells at YER7,900 for 20 litres, compared with the official price of YER5,500. In other parts of the country, shortages of cooking gas are reported. Analysts estimate that the exchange rate needs to reach YER440/US$ before there is an impact on the affordability of food and other essential goods.
The impact of the conflict in Yemen has been catastrophic. Seventy five percent of the population requires some form of humanitarian assistance, according to the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs.The World Food Programme estimates that more than 20 million Yemenis are food insecure due to blockades at major ports that prevent aid from entering the country.
Despite the logistical challenges of delivering aid within a conflict zone, Direct Relief has shipped over 66 tons of medicines and medical supplies to Yemen over the past two years to local groups like Yemen Aid. Included in those shipments are Direct Relief Emergency Health Kits, which contain life saving essential medicines and supplies.
Yemen is facing the largest humanitarian crisis in the world. Three years after conflict escalated in 2015, the economy and social services have collapsed. An estimated 22.2 million people   over three quarters of the population   are in need of some kind of assistance or protection, including over 11 million who are in acute need. Two in three people do not know where their next meal will come from. Women and children make up 76 per cent of those displaced and are paying the heaviest price, as they do in most humanitarian crises.
Supplies and services are scarce: The precarious security situation, poor road infrastructure in some areas and other travel challenges across the country mean that reproductive health personnel, supplies and services in health facilities have become much more scarce and difficult for women and girls to reach. Only one third of Yemen's health facilities are currently functional, with many clinics shuttered because of violence, mass displacements, economic collapse, departure of health workers and lack of supplies.
Nearly half of all health facilities in Yemen are no longer operating, cutting pregnant women off from emergency obstetric care. Even women who live within distance to a working medical facility often cannot afford its maternal health services.
Ongoing hostilities remain the main driver of worsening food security, IDPs and those hosting them are the most vulnerable. People at risk of starvation are in Hajjah, Al Hudaydah, Sa'ada and Taizz Governorates. The economic crisis and resulting high food prices, disrupted livelihoods and high levels of unemployment also affects those not in conflict areas   the cost of the minimum/survival food basket is 150 per cent higher than before the conflict
Due to developments and shifts in the conflict, the severity of needs and number of PIN  ( People in Need )  for Shelter/NFI/CCCM assistance have increased compared to the previous year with the total population in need increasing by almost 24 per cent from 5.4 million people last year to 6.7 million people this year  ( 1.7 million men, 1.6 women, 1.7 boys and 1.7 girls ) . This was derived by the increase in displacement by 65 per cent from 2 million in October 2017 people to almost 3.3 million in November 2018 as a result of the increased fighting on front lines particularly around the west coast. These massive numbers have impacted on host communities by increasing strains on public services and infrastructure and an increased pressure on limited resources. The population in acute need of Shelter/NFI/CCCM assistance also increased from 2.5 million people to 4.5 million  ( 1.1 million men, 1.1 women, 1.2 boys and 1.1 girls ) , a 78 per cent increase from last year with high number of people with specific needs found across 207 districts in the country
In Taizz, the fighting remained volatile with increased security enforcements in locations such as Alshkab and Aldabab areas in Sabir Al Mawadim district, Alrobaiee in At Ta'iziyah district, Alanene in Jabal Habashy district and Kalabh in Salh district which resulted in new waves of displacement to the southern and northern parts of the governorate. The situation of vulnerable families have worsened during the winter months due to the harsh weather temperatures which had greater impact on the IDPs from Al Hudaydah as they did not get used to cold weather in their places of origin.
The fighting intensified in the conflict frontlines of Sa'adah governorate particularly Al Dhaher, Shada'a, Haydan, Razih, Kitaf wa Al Boqe'e and Baqim districts resulting on new waves pf displacement to different parts of the governorate. In Al Jawf, conflict continue to generate displacement and receive displaced families from other governorates where recently families from Razih district  ( Sa'adah )  seek refuge in Kharab Al Marashi district in Al Jawf. Generally access to border areas in Sa'adah and Al Jawf remain restricted.
In recent weeks, parties to conflict in Yemen have reached agreements to cease fighting in Al Hudaydah City and Al Hudaydah governorate more broadly.On December 13, the Saudi led coalition and Houthi militia agreed to a ceasefire in Al Hudaydah City, while mutually committing to the redeployment of their forces from Al Hudaydah governorate more broadly. In addition, further peace talks are currently scheduled to take place in January 2019. The scaledown of military conflict is a positive development for food security in Yemen, particularly regarding keeping essential infrastructure – such as the ports of Al Hudaydah and Salif – in operation.
Based on June 2018 data from the Task Force on Population Movement, approximately 2.3 million people were displaced across Yemen, and an additional 424,000 were displaced by late August 2018, largely due to conflict in Al Hudaydah, Sana'a City, and Hajjah governorates.According to UNHCR, nearly 90 percent of IDPs have been displaced for more than one year. Ta'izz, Hajjah, Sana'a City, Ibb, and Amran are estimated to have the highest populations of displaced people.
The macroeconomic crisis in Yemen is ongoing and the value of the Yemeni Rial has fluctuated sharply in recent months.Over the past three months, the value of the Yemeni Rial has been very volatile. In October 2018, the Yemeni Rial continued to depreciate sharply, reaching approximately 745 YER/USD, an 18 percent decline in value since September. However, in November 2018, the value of the Yemeni Rial has partially rebounded, following commitments by the government of Saudi Arabia to provide significant transfers of foreign exchange in order to help stabilize the macroeconomy.
Yemen's major seaports in Al Hudaydah remain open and monthly import levels have been volatile over the past several months.According to UNVIM reporting in mid December, Al Hudaydah and Salif seaports remain open and operational, while the Ras Isa Fuel Terminal remains closed. Overall, ship tracking data suggest the number of bulk carriers, which typically transport most cereals in Yemen, has remained generally stable between September and December, and generally higher than those observed in the first half of 2018.
Average monthly wheat imports are likely 10 to 15 percent below import needs in 2018, although wheat import levels are volatile on a month to month basis.Since January 2018, quarterly wheat imports into Yemen have generally increased. Based on data from the Yemen Gulf of Aden Ports Corporation and Yemen Red Sea Ports Corporation  ( Figure 1 ) , imports increased from approximately 645,000 MT between January and March to approximately 717,000 MT between April and June, and then to approximately 846,000 MT between July and September.
In total, wheat imports into Yemen through Al Hudaydah, Salif, and Aden ports are estimated at approximately 2.2 million MT between January and September 2018, or approximately 245,300 MT per month. National wheat imports prior to the conflict in 2014 totaled an estimated 3.16 million MT, or approximately 263,000 MT on a monthly basis. Maritime imports through Al Hudaydah, Salif, and Aden contribute the overwhelming majority of wheat imports into Yemen, although imports through some minor ports and through overland trade also contribute some supply.
According toUNVIMand available data from the Yemen Gulf of Aden Ports Corporation, fuel imports into Yemen between January and September 2018 totaled approximately 2.5 million, or approximately 277,000 MT per month.In November 2018, fuel imports declined by approximately 27 percent compared to the average levels observed between January and October 2018 and covered only approximately 19 percent of monthly needs. According to the WFP Yemen Market Watch Report for October 2018, total gasoline and diesel availability in Yemen is estimated to meet national needs for less than one month, which is likely to continue negatively affecting supply and prices of essential commodities in markets across the country.
Since the armed conflict escalated in March 2015, the warring parties have committed numerous laws of war violations, worsened the country's humanitarian situation, and failed to hold those responsible for war crimes to account. TheUnited States, United Kingdom, France, and other weapons suppliers have risked complicity in abuses through arms sales to Saudi Arabia and other coalition governments. The United Nations has warned that without a dramatic change in the situation, nearly half of Yemen's population will be at risk of starvation.
The coalition has conducted scores of indiscriminate and disproportionate airstrikes killing thousands of civilians and hitting critical infrastructure and other civilian structures in violation of the laws of war. Houthi forces have recruited children, used landmines and fired artillery and rockets indiscriminately into cities such as Taizz and Aden, and into Saudi Arabia. Houthi forces, government affiliated forces, and theUnited Arab Emirates ( UAE )  and UAE backed Yemeni forces have arbitrarily detained or forcibly disappeared scores of people. Houthi forces have held people as hostages. Yemeni officials in Aden havebeaten, raped, and tortureddetained migrants and asylum seekers from the Horn of Africa, including women and children.
Although the context is subject to sudden and dramatic developments, recent peace negotiations held in Sweden between Yemen's warring parties have resulted in agreement for a ceasefire in the port city of Hodeida, which started on the 18th of December 2018. This is a major breakthrough, which could pave the way to ending the conflict.
An estimated 7.5 million people need nutrition assistance, of whom 2.9 million people will require treatment for acute malnutrition in 2018. This includes 1.8 million children under age 5 and 1.1 million pregnant and lactating women  ( PLW ) . Approximately 2.3 million PLW and caretakers of children aged 0 23 months will require infant and young child feeding  ( IYCF )  counselling. The main challenges faced by nutrition partners include bureaucratic and administrative impediments, non payment of salaries to health workers, access constraints and the limited number of community health workers in the country.
Widespread violations of international humanitarian law  ( IHL )  and international humanitarian rights law  ( IHRL )  by parties to the conflict pose an ongoing threat to the life and safety of civilians, resulting in loss of life, displacement and destruction of infrastructure. The protracted nature of the conflict particularly affects women, children and people with specific needs, whose vulnerability is exacerbated, and they need to resort to negative coping mechanisms as means of survival. As grave violations of children's rights continue to occur, support to affected children is critical, as is mine risk education. Gender based violence incidents have risen significantly and require multi sectoral responses.
Disruption to teacher salary payments in 13 governorates continues to jeopardise the provision of education. Displacement affects the education system, as teachers and students are displaced, and schools are used by IDPs as shelters. There is an urgent need to support schools in districts with high severity of needs, through school repairs, provision of essential learning supplies, hygiene education, school feeding and other education related support.
Eight million people need access to emergency income to meet critical food needs and access to services. The escalation of conflict in Al Hudaydah reduced prospects of socio economic recovery for millions of people around the western coast line. Many livelihoods projects being implemented in Al Hudaydah and Hajjah were suspended on security grounds, leaving affected communities without social safety nets. Mines and explosive remnants of war continue to pose a threat to lives and prevents the resumption of economic activities, movement of populations and goods and access to basic services and infrastructure.
WASHINGTON   An American airstrike in Yemen last week killed one of the suspected plotters of the deadly Qaeda bombing of the United States Navy destroyer Cole in 2000, President Trump and military officials confirmed on Sunday.
Simplificación la suspensión del contrato laboral para las MiPYMEs estableciendo requisitos específicos, menos exigentes, para la documentación que debe presentarse  ( Resolución MTESS 539/2020, del 30 de marzo 2020 ) .
• Prórroga de pagos de impuestos  ( Ley No. 6524 )  y reprogramación del pago de deudas. 
• Reprogramación del pago de deudas.
Diferimiento del pago de cotizaciones a la seguridad social por cuatro meses  ( Propuesta de Decreto para IPS ) .
Subsidio para asalariados formales que ganan hasta 2 salarios mínimos y cuyos contratos de trabajo son suspendidos en virtud del cese de actividades por coronavirus.
Establecimiento legal de la modalidad de teletrabajo para empresas públicas y privadas  ( Ley No. 6524 ) .
Exoneración temporal del pago de servicios básicos  ( electricidad, agua potable )  para MiPYMEs y posibilidad de diferir el pago por tres meses para los otros segmentos. Posibilidad para todos de diferir pago de cuentas de telecomunicaciones  ( Ley No. 6524 ) .
Las proyecciones de crecimiento del PBI de los países que pertenecen a la Oficina Regional de ACNUR para el Sur de América Latina son negativas. PARAGUAY  1,5%
La participación en el PBI de los distintos sectores de la economía según la intensidad con la que se verían afectados35 es la siguiente: 10,1% menos afectados, 67,8% medianamente afectados, 22,1% más afectados.36
Apoyo financiero a micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas a través del fortalecimiento de instituciones financieras inyectar recursos al Fondo de Garantía para las Micro, Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas  ( Ley No. 6524 ) .
Urban flooding is also a problem and is a result of drainage systems overwhelmed by intense rainfall events  ( Figure 10 ) . In 2019, for example, heavy rainfall flooded the Distrito Capital in Asuncion city, displacing at least 2,000 people
The impacts on agricultural production arise from more extreme and more frequent rainfall events, and more frequent high temperatures and heat waves. Soy yields, for example, are likely to decrease as temperatures rise
Paraguay's economic reliance on agriculture, animal husbandry and hydroelectric energy production make in particularly vulnerable to the impacts of increasing climate variability and climate change
Un informe mundial publicado por UNICEF  ( 2018 )  sobre el acceso al agua en las escuelas estima que 3% de las escuelas primarias en Paraguay aún no tienen acceso a agua, brecha que aumenta en un 9%, si analizamos únicamente aquellas en áreas rurales.
The country's high rate of deforestation, especially for a growing agriculture and livestock sector, is significant. More frequent extreme events such as intense rainfall and heat waves are increasingly common, negatively impacting all sectors
Abnormal climatic conditions associated with the El Niño phenomenon can produce high temperatures and severe floods, particularly between the months of November and December, damaging agricultural output and threatening operations at the hydroelectric power projects which generate domestic energy supplies
The most significant disasters for the country include droughts, extreme heat and floods, primarily riverine along the Paraguay river, and the Bermejo and Pilcomayo rivers in the Chaco.
Las fronteras permanecen abiertas, con estrictos controles sobre el cumplimiento de los requisitos de entrada.
En Paraguay, la tasa de infección por coronavirus se disparó durante marzo, convirtiéndose en una de las peores de América, y su sistema de salud se ha vuelto más inestable.
El presidente Mario Abdo anunció la extensión de las medidas sanitarias hasta el 7 de junio.
Paraguay ocupó el primer lugar en el mundo con la peor tasa de mortalidad por COVID 19 a fines de mayo, superando a Uruguay en la lista de naciones con más muertes por millón de habitantes. Este mes fue el más mortifero de la pandemia, e incluso superó la cifra de muertos durante todo 2020
En la frontera con Paraguay  ( Villamontes )  un número constante pero bajo de refugiados y migrantes que cruzan esta frontera es reportado por socios y quienes lo hacen cruzan por rutas irregulares en los bosques, en condiciones inseguras.
Durante el 2020, Paraguay ha sido triplemente golpeado por la sequía más grave de los últimos 50 años, por incendios forestales masivos y por la pandemia de la COVID 19, los cuales pusieron fin a siete años de crecimiento ininterrumpido de su economía  ( dependiente de la agroexportación y del comercio fluvial a través del río Paraguay ) .
Agriculture accounts for more than 10% of Paraguay's GDP  ( 2018 ) ,50 employs 27% of the country's workforce and constitutes 90% of registered exports
Currently, over 75% of the Paraguayan population has access to piped water, while only 15% has access to sanitation.
The eastern landscape is one of a humid sub tropical climate composed of verdant hills, meadows and forests, and include the great Parana Plateau, reaching altitudes of 300–600 meters  ( m )  above sea level. Lowland plains, subject to annual floods, characterize the easternmost reaches of the country, which have a tropical savanna climate. To the west lie the dry, vast alluvial plains and dry grasslands of the Gran Chaco characterized by a hot, semi arid climate.
Treinta y cinco por ciento de las personas venezolanas encuestadas reportaron ser refugiadas o asiladas, seguido de un 25 por ciento que declararon ser solicitantes de refugio/asilo, 18 por ciento afirmaron tener la residencia permanente, 13 por ciento la residencia temporal y 4 por ciento estaban tramitando su residencia permanente. Por último, en menor proporción, tres por ciento anunciaron no tener un estatus migratorio regular. Es importante también notar el impacto de la pandemia desde marzo 2020 en procesos de regularización. De esta manera, un 24 por ciento de personas encuestadas reportaron estar tramitando su permiso de residencia mientras que un 17 por ciento afirmó encontrar dificultades para acceder a información sobre el proceso de regularización desde que inició la pandemia en marzo 2020.
Considerando que la gran mayoría de las personas encuestadas  ( 91% )  llevaban más de 12 meses en Paraguay, se puede entender que el alto nivel de desempleo en Paraguay al momento de la encuesta podría deberse al impacto de la pandemia por la COVID 19.
En cuanto a la edad, para ambos grupos, la mayoría tiene edades entre los 25 y los 44 años  ( 70% en promedio ) . Cabe destacar que, en el rango etario de 25 a 34 años, una mayor proporción de personas encuestadas perdieron su trabajo que aquellas que fueron suspendidos temporalmente  ( 44% y 33% respectivamente ) .
Por último, un 82 por ciento de los encuestados con condición médica crónica requieren medicamentos diariamente, dentro de este grupo, un 30 por ciento afirma que durante los últimos meses no han podido acceder de forma normal a los mismos.
Asimismo, el 96% de los hogares indígenas carece de acceso a servicios avanzados de saneamiento y el 80% no tiene acceso a fuentes mejoradas de agua, en comparación con los promedios nacionales de los hogares, del 22% y 10%, respectivamente36.
Las tasas de pobreza y de extrema pobreza de los pueblos indígenas son del 75% y 60%, respectivamente31. La encuesta de hogares de 2016 revela que dichas tasas son más del doble de las tasas nacionales, y sus cifras de pobreza extrema casi seis veces más altas32.
En el caso del Paraguay, desde principios de 2020, ha experimentado la sequía más prolongada de los últimos 50 años y olas de calor extremo con temperaturas nunca registradas en diversas regiones del país38.
Ante tal situación, la DMH prevé una “sequía hidrológica' fuera de lo normal y una “sequía agrícola'41 para dicho período, afectando el desarrollo normal de los cultivos y ocasionando pérdidas en la producción agrícola y en el forraje para el ganado42.
Las principales necesidades humanitarias identificadas son: 1 )  inseguridad alimentaria y desnutrición aguda; 2 )  provisión de agua segura e insumos de higiene; 3 )  salud; 4 )  protección, incluida protección infantil y violencia de género; y 5 )  educación en emergencias. Estas necesidades se enfocan principalmente en las poblaciones en mayor situación de vulnerabilidad.
Los departamentos con mayor afectación por la sequía se encuentran en el Chaco paraguayo, Alto Paraguay, Boquerón y Presidente Hayes. Esta es una región esencialmente rural en la cual, según el III Censo Nacional de Población y Viviendas para Pueblos Indígenas del 2012, habitan aproximadamente 54.161 personas indígenas.
In Paraguay, due to fears of the spread of the Delta variant, the Ministry of Health decided that as of 21 July and for the following month  ( at least )  Paraguayan citizens and foreigners arriving to the country will have to comply with a 5 day period of mandatory isolation and a COVID 19 PCR test  ( Venezuelans are not required to show proof of health insurance with coverage for COVID 19 ) .
With only 25 per cent of the population with one vaccine dose, on 28 July the Paraguayan Ministry of Health announced that it was suspending application of the first doses of the vaccine against COVID 19, as the country had exhausted its stock of vaccines. In its statement, it added that they would dedicate the next days to completing second doses.
En Paraguay, las hospitalizaciones por COVID 19 mantienen saturado el sistema de salud pública. A finales de mes, el Gobierno recibió 200.000 dosis de la vacuna Sputnik V que ayudarán a reforzar el plan de vacunación. Si bien en los meses previos el proceso se centró en adultos mayores, mujeres embarazadas con veinte semanas de gestación y personal de salud, durante junio fue en personas de cincuenta años o más.
Casi la mitad de todos los niños nacidos en zonas rurales no tiene acceso a condiciones higiénicas adecuadas, mientras que casi todos los niños nacidos en las zonas urbanas sí lo tienen. La situación es significativamente peor para los nacidos en hogares extremadamente pobres. Menos de uno de cada cuatro niños de familias pobres de las zonas rurales tienen un saneamiento avanzado, que se reduce a menos de uno de cada cinco si la familia sólo habla guaraní. Un niño nacido en las zonas rurales tiene una probabilidad del 76% de tener agua del grifo en el hogar, y la probabilidad aumenta al 97% en la ciudad26.
POBLACIONES AFECTADAS POR LA CRISIS 2.5. Población rural La tasa de pobreza total del Paraguay se encuentra en el 23,5%, una disminución comparada al 24,2% del 2018. Un total de 1,6 millón de personas continúan por debajo del umbral oficial de pobreza. La reducción de la pobreza casi se estacionó en áreas urbanas  ( 17,8 por ciento en 2018 en comparación con 17,5 por ciento en 2019 )  debido a una disminución de los ingresos laborales del comercio y la manufactura. La pobreza rural disminuyó del 34,6 por ciento en 2018 al 33,4 por ciento, a pesar de los ingresos laborales estables en la agricultura, que concentran casi la mitad  ( 0,6 millones )  de los trabajadores rurales, en su mayoría informales. Si bien se registró una mejora en la desigualdad de ingresos, el índice de Gini de 46,2 sigue siendo alto23
En 2018, el Instituto Nacional de Alimentación y Nutrición  ( INAN ) 52 registró un nivel de desnutrición global nacional en menores de cinco años de 4,1%. En la región occidental los niveles registrados son de 3,2% en Presidente Hayes, 2,4% en Boquerón, y 2,8% en Alto Paraguay. Asimismo, se registró un nivel de desnutrición crónica nacional del 11,4%. En la región occidental es del 11.1% en Presidente Hayes, 7,9% en Boquerón, y 9,0% en Alto Paraguay.
El impacto económico de la pandemia ha sido severo: se prevé que el PIB se reduzca un 5% este año  ( Fuente: FMI ) . Para ayudar a financiar el déficit fiscal, Paraguay solicitó al Fondo Monetario Internacional  ( FMI )  préstamos en el marco del Instrumento de Financiación Rápida  ( IFR ) , diseñado para proporcionar rápidamente asistencia a los países afectados por desastres naturales u otras situaciones de conmoción como COVID 19. A finales de abril se aprobó un préstamo de $274.000.000 millones que fue complementado con la ayuda de otras organizaciones internacionales47.
El Ministerio de Salud Pública y Bienestar Social de Paraguay reportó en abril de 2020 que la violencia doméstica, intrafamiliar, sexual y de género presentó un aumento durante la cuarentena. Paraguay, al decretar el Estado de Emergencia Sanitaria y aislamiento social, como medidas para evitar la propagación del COVID 19, arroja como resultado un aumento de las denuncias de violencia en los hogares60. El Ministerio Público reporta un promedio de 80 casos nuevos de violencia familiar por día; así también el Poder Judicial informó que se dieron 118 casos de violencia familiar como hecho punible cometido desde el 12 al 27 de marzo de 2020. El Ministerio de la Mujer, por su parte, recibió 558 llamadas sobre violencia contra mujeres, en el periodo del 1 al 29 de marzo de 2020.
La población venezolana encuestada en Paraguay durante esta ronda se caracteriza por ser joven en las edades activas centrales y con poco peso de personas en edades de retiro económico. El rango de edad del 69 por ciento de las personas encuestadas oscila entre los 25 a los 44 años. De ellas, el 37 por ciento tiene edades entre los 25 y 34 años, mientras que el 32 por ciento tiene entre 35 a 44 años. Las personas mayores de 55 años son el grupo etario con menor presencia, representando el 5 por ciento de las personas encuestadas. Sin embargo, es un grupo importante al que tener en cuenta en el contexto de la pandemia de COVID 19.
En la Región Occidental  ( es decir, el Chaco ) , viven cerca de 53.000 indígenas, de éstos el 15,4% está conectado a una red de abastecimiento de agua y el 59,2% tiene acceso a agua tratada, lo que significa que más de 21.000 indígenas del Chaco necesitan un mejor acceso al agua para consumo humano57.
De acuerdo con los datos del INAN53, en 2018 el índice de mujeres embarazadas con bajo peso en Paraguay era de 26,3% en la región del Chaco: Presidente Hayes 26,3%, Alto Paraguay 27,4% y Boquerón 24,7%.
La sequía ha puesto también de manifiesto la precariedad del acceso al agua potable en Paraguay. El IDAEA destacó que el mayor problema del Chaco es la falta de agua dulce. En esta vasta zona es raro que haya agua subterránea y, cuando la hay, su alto grado de salinidad la hace inutilizable para los seres humanos y los animales55.
Hasta la fecha han muerto 17 personas a causa de enfermedades relacionadas con el agua contaminada y la salud de la población se ha visto gravemente afectada por la diarrea y la deshidratación59.
Con la suspensión de las clases presenciales por la pandemia de COVID 19 se ven afectados los estudiantes beneficiados con programas de alimentación escolar con poco o ningún acceso a los mismos. A pesar de que se ha retomado la educación a través de programas de educación a distancia, para las poblaciones rurales y principalmente las indígenas sigue siendo un desafío tener acceso a las plataformas digitales educativas por problemas de conectividad, ya que se trata de comunidades aisladas geográficamente.
Durante 2019, la pobreza total en Paraguay abarcó al 23,5% de la población y la pobreza extrema al 4%3 . En términos absolutos, 1.657.000 de personas se encuentran en situación de pobreza, mientras que unas 22.000 salieron de esta situación en el periodo 2018 2019. La reducción se dio fundamentalmente en áreas rurales  ( 1,2 puntos porcentuales: 34,6% a 33,4% ) , mientras que en áreas urbanas la incidencia se mantiene  ( 17,8% a 17,5% ) .
Alrededor del 85% del comercio exterior de Paraguay se realiza a través del río Paraguay7 , el cual conecta con Argentina, Bolivia y Brasil. Este río desciende del Pantanal, estado de Mato Grosso, Brasil; zona que experimentó una sequía extrema que provocó los niveles más bajos del señalado río durante el siglo XX, afectando el comercio paraguayo. En octubre de 2020 el nivel del río ha bajado a un ritmo de tres o cuatro centímetros por día, lo cual ha frenado el tráfico de buques de carga, reportándose pérdidas en el sector de transporte fluvial de 250 millones de dólares.
El embarazo adolescente representa una importante fuente de riesgo para esta población, la cual retrata los rezagos existentes en materia de servicios de salud dirigidos hacia esta población, así como el impacto potenciador de las brechas de origen social. El riesgo de morir de una embarazada con menos de 15 años es cinco veces superior al riesgo de una embarazada adulta, mientras que el de embarazadas de 15 a 19 años, es el doble que el de las adultas63.
La proporción de personas encuestadas que se encontraban empleadas en Venezuela es mayor que la actual en Paraguay  ( 57% y 40% respectivamente ) . A su vez, dentro de las personas encuestadas, hay una mayor tasa de desempleo en Paraguay que en Venezuela  ( 33% en comparación con 12% ) . Para el resto de las variables no existe una gran diferencia en su situación laboral entre Venezuela y Paraguay. Al momento de la encuesta en Paraguay, menos del uno por ciento eran estudiantes, retirados o jubilados y voluntarios.
Existen 19 grupos indígenas en Paraguay18, con una población total de 122.461 personas; el 1,7% de la población total y un poco más de la mitad  ( 57,6% )  viven en la Región Oriental y el resto  ( 42,4% ) , en la Región Occidental del país. El 92,7% de la población indígena vive en el área rural y solo el 7,3% restante en las áreas urbanas. El 66% vive en la pobreza y el 34% en la pobreza extrema.
La desprotección que sufren las niñas y adolescentes en esta franja etaria es todavía más perceptible cuando miramos la población indígena. Según datos del 2012 a partir del III Censo Nacional de Población y Viviendas para Pueblos Indígenas, cuando para la población general el 18,9%  ( 44 muertes de 232 registradas )  de las muertes femeninas se relacionan con aspectos vinculados al embarazo y parto, para la franja etaria entre 15 y 19 años, este porcentaje es de 46,1%  ( 6 muertes de 13 registradas ) .
Salud sexual y reproductiva En materia de salud sexual y reproductiva, el alcance de las políticas nacionales no ha sido tal como para generar una reversión importante de la tendencia para el grupo de edad de 15 a 19 años. Observando la tendencia por cinco años, desde el periodo 2010 2015, se denota un descenso de la tasa específica de natalidad, la que disminuyó a 60,2 por 1000 mujeres, sin embargo, esta tasa aún resulta superior en comparación con regiones cuyo desarrollo socioeconómico es mayor6
En lo referente a VIH SIDA, se observa que la tasa de incidencia ha avanzado para las personas de 15 a 19 años, la cual se incrementó de 4,5 a 12,2 por 100 mil habitantes. Lo mismo ocurrió para las personas de 20 a 24 años, que pasó de 12,3 a 41,6 por 100 mil habitantes. En 2016 se detectaron 1.441 nuevos casos de VIH y 453 casos de SIDA. 18 eran personas menores de 5 años, con una tasa de incidencia de 2,5%. El 10% tenía menos de 20 años  ( 148 personas )  y 8% tenía entre 15 a 19 años  ( 116 personas ) . Las mujeres representaban el 30,8% de los nuevos casos.