nlp-thedeep/humsetbias huggingface dataset:
[ Specific locations assessed Baidoa, Mogadishu, Galkayo ] ' Nationally, the JMCNA found that only two thirds of households reported having enough water for drinking  ( 68% )  and domestic use  ( 67% ) , though there is considerable differences between non displaced  ( 74%, 73% )  and displaced households  ( 49%, 45% )  and between regions  ( 24% 96%, 18% 96% ) . Moreover, over half of households  ( 59% )  reportedly have a water source within 15 minutes of their home, while 83% are within 30 minutes.
[ Specific locations assessed Baidoa, Mogadishu, Galkayo ]  Access to basic sanitation remains a major issue for the country. According to JMCNA data, half of the households  ( 49% )  nationally reported having access to an improved latrine, while a third  ( 34% )  reported using an unimproved latrine, and the remainder  ( 17% )  had no access.
Since December 2017 a cumulative attack rate of 218 cases per 100,000 people  [ of cholera ]  was reported with Kismayo  ( Jubbaland )  and Daynile  ( Banadir )  being the most affected districts. Although the overall CFR was 0.5%, higher rates were observed in Abdilaziz, Daynile, Waberi, Karan and Kurtunwarey districts exceeding the WHO's threshold of <1% CFR.
[ SHELTER & NON FOOD ITEMS  ( SNFI )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  24% of Households of IDP settlements reported a lack of documentation proving their occupancy status while 43% of Households of non IDP settlements reported a lack of documentation proving their occupancy status.
[ NUTRITION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  66% of the households found with nutrition living Standard Gap  ( LSG ) . 12% found to be extreme severe, 54% severe, 34% stress, 0% no or minimal.
During the period 9 15 December 2019, a total of 126 new cases of cholera and two deaths were reported from 11 districts of Banadir region.
With the SHF funding, IOM is also providing medical specialists, and donating medical equipment such as personal protective equipment, including masks and gloves, to help the government's COVID 19 response.
The donation comes against the backdrop of daily increases in number of COVID 19 cases in Somalia. So far over 1,976 people have tested positive and nearly 80 have died. The country has the second highest number of positive cases in East and Horn of Africa. The FGS has in place a health taskforce to fight the disease. It suspended all international and domestic flights, and established isolation facilities to try and mitigate exposure to the infection, when the first case was reported on March 16.
Cyclone Gati damaged 13 schools in Bari region, mainly in Hafuun village where an estimated 3,841 students and 78 teachers need urgent assistance to resume normalcy and learning. WASH facilities in schools were also severely damaged. There are insufficient EiE interventions in the areas heavily affected by Cyclone Gati.
[ NUTRITION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  100% of IDP settlement and 60% of non IDP settlement households found with a nutrition Living Standard Gaps  ( LSG ) .
[ Displacement ]  Top three reported reasons for leaving previous location were Drought  ( 22% ) , Conflict in surrounding area, but not in my community  ( 24% ) ,Actual conflict/ fear of conflict in community or surrounding area  ( 17% )
Funding constraints exist with 1,423 IDP sites experiencing gaps in CCCM partner led RCCE activities, focusing on site leader/religious leader engagement, small group information sessions and door to door awareness
[ WATER, SANITATION & HYGIENE  ( WASH )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  79% of the household found with WASH living Standard Gap  ( LSG ) . 12% found to be very extremely+ severe, 38% extreme severe, 29% severe, 16% stress,5% no or minimal.
[ WATER, SANITATION & HYGIENE  ( WASH )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ] The main drivers of WASH LSGs were found to be: • Households without access to an improved water source  ( 24% )  • Households without access to sufficient quantity of drinking water  ( 40% )  • Households without access to soap at home  ( 35% )  • Households without access to a functional and improved sanitation facility  ( 48% )
[ PRE EXISTING VULNERABILITIES ]  12% households reporting having at least one member facing discrimination due to age, disability, or heritage
During the visit  [ of DRRTs to health facilities to strengthen healthcare worker sensitization, ]  1,032 healthcare workers were sensitized on COVID 19 case definition, testing and reporting. A total of 19,485 suspected COVID 19 cases were detected, investigated and tested, of which 350 were confirmed positive.
Testing has been escalated with additional laboratories in Puntland and Somaliland linked to suspected behavioral factors: not wearing masks, keeping social  ( physical )  distancing. The demand for healthcare remains low
Employment created through two critical infrastructure projects in Awdheegle, Lower Shabelle  ( police station and health center ) : 45 unskilled; 50 skilled.
[ General household information ] Two most commonly reported preferred sources through to receive information about COVID 19 were SMS ( 37% ) and Radio classes  ( 49% ) .
With a population of over 12.3 million people , Somalia has 18 isolation facilities with 376 functional beds. While the utilization rate of isolation beds is approximately 17 per cent, individual centers may experience spikes in cases that overwhelm their capacity.
As of 7 July 2020 , there were 3,006 cases of COVID 19 in Somalia, including 133 health workers, with 1,051 recoveries and 92 fatalities.
SRCS  ( Surveillance Research and Communication Support ) developed a new Beneficiary register of 1,500 HHs complete with verified individual beneficiary Household Head  ( HHH )  phone number as opposed to the planned purchase and distribution of new sim cards
Most of the IDP settlements are unplanned. Settlement planning is required in order to make the settlements safe and secure and to ensure that services are accessible and the fire risk is mitigated.
Finally, exceptionally heavy rains along the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden coast will cause substantial increases in locust numbers by autumn or winter 2020 and spring of 2021.
According to the Somali Demographic Survey 2020 report published by the Federal Government, over 60 per cent of women reported experiencing some form of domestic violence, including physical abuse, denial of education, forced marriage, rape or sexual harassment.
[ PRE EXISTING VULNERABILITIES ]  6% households with at least one person with a chronic illness which lasted 3 months or longer at the time of the data collection
In Somalia, with a limited road network outside major urban centres and inaccessibility to some districts – in particular those in southern and central regions – due to poor infrastructure and the fluid security situation, road movement and security restrictions frequently hamper humanitarians' access to deliver much needed supplies to those in need.
Somalia's capacities to prevent, detect and respond to any global health security threat scored six out of 100 as measured by the Health Emergency Preparedness Index in 2016. There are two healthcare workers per 100,000 people, compared to the global standard of 25 per 100,000. Disease outbreaks such as cholera – with a current outbreak ongoing since December 2017  strain the country's health systems. Less than 20 per cent of the limited health facilities have the required equipment and supplies to manage epidemics. In this context the current pandemic poses serious concern considering the high level of people vulnerability and high humanitarian need across Somalia.
Although the HRP  ( Humanitarian Response Plan )  is currently 41 percent funded  ( as of 19 June ) , aside from the Food Security Cluster, which is 76 percent funded, almost all other clusters are less than 20 percent funded. Additional funding is urgently required to continue to deliver prioritized humanitarian assistance in one of the most complex, protracted humanitarian crises in the world
[ PRE EXISTING VULNERABILITIES ]  61% households reporting relying on unstable income sources to meet basic needs.
On 26 May, the Humanitarian Country Teams endorsed the comprehensive reprioritization exercise and the revised HRP  ( Humanitarian Response Plan )  financial requirements of $1.01 billion, which is a four per cent decrease compared to the original 2020 HRP ask of $1.05 billion. This is approximately 19 per cent less than the $1.25 billion requirements published in the GHRP May update and in the GHO Monthly Update
To ensure targeted and realistic requirements in the revised Humanitarian Response Plan , the Humanitarian Country Teams  ( HCT )  decided to exclude projects for IPC2 and below, and to delete, reprogram or cut by 50 per cent the budget of projects with no funding to date  ( and thus unable to be implemented for the full year ) . The HCT also agreed to suspend or reprogram activities which were no longer feasible due to COVID 19 containment measures, such as training, construction and rehabilitation works, and school feeding. The UN Country Team undertook a similar process in parallel with the HRP prioritization exercise, maintaining continuous dialogue with the HCT throughout to ensure complementarity of respective activities and programmes.
[ Displacement ]  Top three reported reasons for leaving previous location were Conflict in surrounding area, but not in my community  ( 31% )  Arrival of armed groups  ( 22% )  Lack of livelihood opportunities/job  ( 18% )
At least 150 women from different groups in Abudwaq and Jowhar  ( 60 IDPs, 40 host communities, 10 youth, 35 returnees, and five religious leaders )  worked in small groups in IDP camps and host communities to raise awareness on safety measures and prevention of stigmatization. They also distributed handwashing facilities, soap, and posters.
Due to ongoing seasonal rains, some locations remain inaccessible thus hindering effective response and humanitarian access.
In Bay, Bakool, Bari, Gedo and Lower Juba regions, Cluster partners installed hand washing stations at heath care facilities and IDP settlements enabling 31,889 people improve personal hygiene.
Limited specialized service providers in remote locations with population with GBV needs
Support provided to the Ministry of Women and Human Rights Development to develop a COVID 19 monitoring framework focusing on the impact of the pandemic on women and the most marginalized, to inform future resilience work.
[ General household information ]  The most commonly reported reasons for not taking action on COVID 19 were COVID 19 is not prevalent in the area  ( 83% ) , not at high risk of getting COVID 19  ( 37% )
IDP sites in Somalia face routine threats such as forced eviction and overcrowding which undermines living conditions in sites.s. Overcrowding of IDP sites exacerbates risks of fire, flooding, GBV and child rights violations, and disease outbreaks/COVID19 transmission.
During the reporting period, more than 65,8310 women and children under 5 years received essential healthcare services, bringing the total number of people supported since March to nearly 479,000  ( 136,902 girls / 127,495 boys / 220,734 women ) .
Intimate partner violence cases remain the highest GBV type reported across Somalia. Clinical management of rape, psychosocial support  ( PSS ) , and legal aid remain the priority needs for GBV survivors.According to the survey, violence against children, both inside and outside of the home has increased and is made worse by the lack of avenues through which to report abuse and seek adequate assistance, Negative coping mechanisms, including child labour, child marriage and boys are at higher risk of recruitment have been reported.
A Child Protection COVID 19 Survey conducted from 9 to 15 April, reported an increase in sexual and gender based violence, including rape, and physical and emotional abuse during the COVID19 period. One protection partner has responded to at least 13 survivors of rape. This is reportedly due to the restrictions on movement, as well as economic and social stresses induced by the COVID 19 pandemic
[ Accountability to Affected Populations ]  50% of households reported having at least one member who could not read or write.
The COVID 19 pandemic has complicated existing housing, land and property  ( HLP )  issues affecting the settlement of displaced people, according to a survey conducted by Protection Cluster partners. At least 100,000 IDPs have already been evicted in 2020, most of whom continue to live in emergency shelters, with those in informal settlements, reportedly lacking security of tenure. The HLP disputes are often due to secondary occupation, loss of ownership documents, illegal or forced sales as well as unequal distribution of land.
[ Accountability to Affected Populations ]  6% of households reported having received aid in the 30 days prior to data collection.
There is a need to engage with humanitarian stakeholders on activities that can rectify these threats to IDP wellbeing, and to facilitate decongestion and site re planning exercises that ultimately create safer and more dignified living conditions.
Cooperating partner staff has been provided with personal protective equipment  ( PPE )  and hygiene materials. FSC partners have maximized the use of mobile money transfers to reduce travel distances and associated risks for people receiving cash based assistance. At least 27 percent of the assistance provided in August was in kind while 73 percent was cash based transfers, including vouchers and cash.
FSC partners have redesigned distribution centers in line with hygiene and social distancing guidelines and introduced provision of multiple rations, starting April to minimize infection and reduce travel to distribution points
According to the 2020 Post Gu season, food security and nutrition assessments conducted in July and August by FAO's Food Security and Nutrition Analysis Unit  ( FSNAU ) , up to 2.1 million people across Somalia are expected to face food consumption gaps or depletion of assets indicative of Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  or worse outcomes through December 2020, in the absence of humanitarian assistance. An additional 3 million people are expected to be Stressed  ( IPC Phase 2 ) , bringing the total number of people facing acute food insecurity to 5.1 million.
Access challenges and COVID 19 restrictions such as closures of airports affected the availability of commercial transport options. This however made no significant impact on the ability of the Cluster to provide multiple common logistics service options, including by air, road, sea, and storage. Since April 2020, over 82 MT of COVID 19 related cargo has been transported to Dhuusamarreeb, Kismayo, Baidoa, Jowhar, Hargeisa, Belet Weyne, Garowe, Guriel, and Barawe. Additionally, jointly with UNHAS, the Logistics Cluster has been supporting the transportation of the Ministry of Health  ( MoH )  medical teams, blood samples, and COVID 19 medical supplies to key locations across Somalia.
CCCM teams have reached 921 out of 1,000 IDP sites through small group discussion sessions and shelter level the key message on COVID 19 prevention and trained more than 1000 community members on prevention. The CCCM cluster is targeting 40 IDP sites in Daynile and Hodan districts with a new COVID 19 response project focused on incorporating stakeholders such as WASH and Radio Ergo to support RCCE, WASH activities, and inclusive community led radio sessions.
Of the 38 complaints from Barwaaqo 2 site, 34% of complaints were related to NFI services with the vast majority requesting mosquito nets.
Specific complaints were recorded regarding IDP populations not being targeted for an agency's programme with this information being referred to the respective partner.
Mobile activities were reduced to minimize contact and spread, with remote monitoring and assessment in place. To address low facility utilization resulting from COVID 19 stigma, CARE is adopting digital technology to followup with mothers before, during, and after delivery.
Over 15,410 pregnant women attended at least one antenatal consultation; 2,265 women gave birth with a skilled birth attendant and 3,305 mothers and their new born babies received first postnatal checks within 48 hours.
Following the opening of national airports, Health Cluster partners, in collaboration with the Federal Ministry of Health  ( FMoH )  have developed Standard Operating Procedures for the safe reopening of the points of entry POEs. Traveler information and posters on COVID 19 prevention are being distributed at POEs. The FMoH has identified state focal persons in Galmudug, Hirshabelle, Jubaland and Southwest to provide regular monitoring of POE activities. In August, partners supported the FMoH with staffing to screen new arrivals at Kismayo airport, Dhobley border and Tukaraq of Sool region
The next few months, therefore, will likely see a marked uptick in violence in Somalia, which will likely come to a head around the time of Presidential Elections
Despite the reduced humanitarian footprint due to the COVID 19 restrictions and the disproportionate funding across clusters, humanitarian partners have scaled up the COVID 19 response across the country. The US$256 million humanitarian components COVID 19 Country Preparedness and Response Plan  ( CPRP )  launched in April is 30 percent funded as of 21 September and partners are appealing for more funding to enable them to reach at least the targeted people in need.
In addition to the virus, Somalis are dealing with floods and the worst desert locust upsurge in 25 years, as well as protracted conflict and significant displacement.
Since the first case in Somalia was confirmed on 16 March, some markets, hotels and restaurants have closed due to containment measures, impacting daily wage workers, casual labourers and other low income earners.
Eviction presents a significant challenge for displaced communities across Somalia, having affected 48,000 persons in 2020  ( 268,000 in 2019 )  and disrupted their livelihood and access to services. A moratorium on evictions being advocated by the UN and partners will protect vulnerable individuals and businesses alike. The UN's monitoring and early warning measures also help mitigate the adverse socio economic impact of eviction.
In addition to the activities identified in the humanitarian component of the CPRP, UN Agencies  ( IOM, UNDP, UNICEF, UNHCR, UN HABITAT )  and NGO partners are adapting and scaling up ongoing programming for displacement affected communities in line with the Somalia Preparedness and Response Plan for Displacement Affected Communities. This plan was formulated by the National Durable Solutions Secretariat in an effort led by the MOPIED, and coordinated with 14 Ministries and entities in the FGS and BRA. Reprogramming are being coordinated through the Durable Solutions Initiative.
[ WATER, SANITATION & HYGIENE  ( WASH )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ] 96% of IDP settlement and 89% of non IDP settlement households found with a WASH Living Standard Gaps  ( LSG ) .
The Somali economy is heavily dependent on remittances. Any reduction will directly affect household level income and overall food security. Remittances are likely to decline as the diaspora itself comes under economic stress and increased transmission bottlenecks from sending countries.
To succeed, campaigns  [ to address SGBV concerns  ]  will need to leverage existing community structures and channels of influence, including religious leaders, other respected community leaders and trusted national NGOs with pre existing knowledge and visibility. The messaging will address issues of fear, anxiety and de escalation of violence, and provide links with service providers. Hotline capacities are being enhanced to cope with a potential surge in calls and to also advocate and create awareness around SGBV/COVID.
The ninth National Development Plan  ( NDP9 ) , which serves as Somalia's national poverty reduction strategy and plan for achieving the Sustainable Developmetn Goals  ( SDGs )  in 2030, maintains central relevance in this context. It identifies the key drivers of poverty and lays out the strategy for strengthening resilience, building on the Recovery and Resilience Framework  ( RRF ) . While sector specific interventions will need to adapt to changing realities, the needs of the most vulnerable remain largely the same, albeit with increased urgency
[ Accountability to Affected Populations ]  Top three most commonly reported priority needs: Shelter  ( 49% ) , Food  ( 30% ) , Healthcare  ( 29% ) .
Sexual and gender based violence  ( SGBV )  is expected to rise as a result of the pandemic, as has been seen globally. Women and girls living in IDP camps and/or from minority clans and marginalized communities face heightened risks of SGBV, including abduction, forced marriage and rape
The main drivers and contributing factors of food insecurity in Somalia include insecurity, frequent and prolonged droughts and flooding, displacement, market and trade disruptions as well as poverty. The cumulative impact of recurrent shocks increases the vulnerability of people eroding their capacity to recover from these shocks.
Ensuring energy access for health facilities is a priority for addressing the potential increase of patients from COVID 19. UNDP, WHO and partners intend to address the energy gap in health care facilities through a rapid expansion of decentralized low cost solar hybrid solutions
In addition, protection related risks associated with family separation due to infection within households; increased gender based violence  ( including domestic violence ) , particularly against women and girl; neglect and exploitation of children and vulnerable households, as well as stigmatization and targeting against specific communities, particularly marginalized groups,migrants and refugees remain high. People with disability may also be particular exposed to violence and neglect, as well as denied access to healthcare. School children are also directly affected. In March, school closures have left approximately 1 million students without any access to education.
When asked what the most important sources of information are used by the affected population in your area 59% of the KI answered telephone while 53% indicated Radio including community leaders at 44% and the rest. Those KI who answered radio, 46% indicated Radio Marka FM and 9% listen to Radio Banadir with the rest of the radio station at 1%
The respondents specified the type of care covering Medical, PSS and material support. 79% of the informant confirmed that there are places where children who experienced sexual violence can seek professional help. In the camps and 71% of them agree that children can seek help in this place.
[ WATER, SANITATION & HYGIENE  ( WASH )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Most commonly reported coping mechanisms used to deal with limited availability of water by household of IDP settlement were Rely on less preferred  ( unimproved/untreated )  water sources for drinking water  ( 46% ) , Rely on surface water for drinking water  ( 30% ) .
Under reporting of sexual violence in general is a common challenge, making it difficult to assess the extent to which the problem affects children. It is important to note that this may not mean that sexual violence is not occurring and is not a current child protection issue. On the contrary, the lack of willingness among key people in the community to discuss sexual violence could undermine a current child protection response. When asked is there increased in sexual violence incident since the displacement 37% of KI said yes, there is increase in incidents since the day of displacement while 50% of those interviewed indicated there is no increase and 13% answered that they are not aware.
[ The existing risks that could lead to the injury and death of children ]  This was followed closely by domestic violence and harmful traditional practices at 19% and 18% respectively, majority of the KI as well specified FGM as the main type of Harmful traditional practices. The KI also specified accident during displacement as other existing risks that can lead to death or severe injury of children. 68% of the respondents indicated that risks of injury are high/highest for children in camp followed at a distance on the way to work and school at 25% and 21% respectively.
29% of the respondents confirmed that there are more girls than boys who have been separated while 24% indicated that separated children are mainly between 1 and 5 years old
[ WATER, SANITATION & HYGIENE  ( WASH )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Most commonly reported barriers to accessing water were: Water points are difficult to reach  ( especially for people with  ( 27% )  Water points are difficult to reach  ( especially for people with disabilities )   ( 25% )  Fetching water is a dangerous activity  ( 18% )
[ Recommendations: Access to Services and Inclusion  ]  The provision of specialized support to children with disabilities and the mainstreaming of disability across the child protection response. This would include capacity building for child protection staff working directly with children; increased outreach to children with disabilities; physical rehabilitation of spaces; and enhanced referral pathways for specialized support. Actively involve children in the development of services and programs.
[ Recommendations: Access to Services and Inclusion  ]  Protective approaches enhanced within other sectors such as camp management, distribution and WASH to ensure safe, child friendly and inclusive facilities.
[ HEALTH LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  17% of the household found with health living Standard Gap  ( LSG ) . 5% were found to be extreme, 12% severe, 6% stress, 77% no or minimal.
[ Recommendations: Access to Services and Inclusion  ]  Information sharing about the services available and how to access services. Adapt and disseminate the child friendly version of information and messages for displaced populations. Sharing information and messages specifically focusing on children in schools, playgrounds, CFS, community recreational areas, etc. using child friendly methodologies.
[ Recommendations: Capacity building for child protection cadre/workers ] Training for teachers, social workers and key community members who work with children on supporting child survivors and responding to cases of sexual violence.
[ HEALTH LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  41% of the households of IDP settlements reported that it takes less than 15 minutes to reach to the nearest health facility by foot while 32% and 15% of the households of IDP settlements reported it takes 15 30 minutes and 30 60minutes to reach to the nearest health facility by foot respectively. 3% reported to reach nearest health facility by foot in 1 3 hours. Only 3% of the households of IDP settlements reported that it takes more than 3 hours to reach to the nearest health facility by foot .
[ HEALTH LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Five most commonly reported illnesses or injuries household members of non IDP settlements had in the past two weeks prior to data collection were fever ( 5% ) , Cough with fast or difficult breathing ( 1% )
[ Recommendations: Support to survivors of sexual and gender based violence ] Training for teachers, social workers and key community members who work with children on supporting child survivors and responding to cases of sexual violence.
[ SHELTER & NON FOOD ITEMS  ( SNFI )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Three most commonly reported types of housing, land and property  ( HLP )  dispute reported by households were :Disputes about rent  ( including payment )   ( 14% ) , Rules and processes on HLP not clear  ( 11%  ) , disputed ownership  ( 10% )
[ Recommendations: Capacity building for child protection cadre/workers ]  Training of people working with children such as teachers, social workers, CFS staff and key community members to identify and support children experiencing psychosocial distress
Top three reported reasons for coming to current location were: Availability of work/ income opportunities  ( 24% )  Presence of food distribution/food aid  ( 43% )  , No conflict  ( 38% ) .
Food security partners stressed the short distance between the settlements, distribution site and entitlement collection points  ( for Cash and Voucher Assistance ) . Collaboration with village committees and local authorities and service providers to enhance security measures at distribution points and ensure provision of culturally appropriate WASH facilities are available at distribution sites.
[ Recommendations: Support to survivors of sexual and gender based violence ]  Increase sensitization on SGBV related issues among children and their families  ( effects and prevention mechanisms ) .
[ Recommendations: Support to survivors of sexual and gender based violence ]  Enhanced information sharing about the services available for survivors of sexual violence
[ Recommendations: Preventing and responding to child labour and exploitation ]  Livelihoods support to parents and youth to prevent exploitation.
[ Recommendations: Preventing and responding to child labour and exploitation ]  Additional assistance to vulnerable families. Ensure children's access to formal and non formal education.
[ Accountability to Affected Populations ]  17% of households reported having experienced barriers in accessing aid in the 30 days prior to data collection. Among those households, the most commonly reported barriers were lack of information  ( 69% ) , physically unable to access points of aid distribution  ( 25% ) , insecurity on route to points of aid distribution  ( 21% ) .
In the first year of the Stronger Collaboration, Better Health: The Global Action Plan for Healthy Lives and Well being for All  ( GAP ) , 12 signatory agencies have engaged with several countries to help them achieve their major health priorities.
During the month of April 2020, the Shelter Cluster partners assisted: 38,342 people with non food items  ( NFI )  kits. Standard emergency nonfood items kit consists of plastic sheets, blankets, jerry cans, sleeping mats, mosquito net, solar lamp and kitchen sets. 9,820 persons were assisted with Shelter Kits. A shelter kit includes plastic sheets, supporting poles, a rope for tying down the structure, nails and other items. This brings the total number of people assisted with Shelter and NFI to 11% and 14% of the 2020 target respectively.
Global movement restrictions have caused increase of NFI price in the some of the markets. Some activities such as construction of durable and transitional shelters may not be possible to implement in the context of COVID 19 as there are limited opportunities for community engagement and participation.
Lack of prepositioned stocks in key locations hamper timely response to people in need. Shelter Cluster has been severely underfunded affecting humanitarian shelter response in timely and effective manner.
[ WATER, SANITATION & HYGIENE  ( WASH )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  98% of the household found with WASH living Standard Gap  ( LSG ) . 15% found to be very extremely+ severe, 30% extreme severe, 53% severe, 1% stress, 1% no or minimal.
Around 2.2 million people in Somalia are in need of shelter and NFI assistance. Most of those in need live in makeshift shelters often in very congested informal settlements lacking security of tenure. They are exposed to extreme weather conditions, forced evictions and other protection risks. They also lack basic household items needed for daily survival.
Decongestion is needed at settlements and shelters level to reduce the risk of transmission of COVID 19. A total of 237 IDP sites that host over 98,000 IDP hhs have been identified as high  risk sites for COVID 19 transmission. Heavy rains in late April affected a number of locations. The shelter cluster estimates that around 400,000 people will be in need of shelter and NFI assistance due to flooding.
An estimated 320,000 civilians fled their homes due to conflict and insecurity in 2018, which decreased by 59 per cent to 190,000 in 2019. In 2020, 242,000 people were displaced due to insecurity.
Involvement of both local authorities and women groups in site planning and provision of solar lights around water and sanitation facilities was also recommended.
As mitigation measures WASH partners recommend: community engagement of all groups as a key requirement in the response mobilization phase and ensuring that marginalized groups are by default among the prioritized groups. UNICEF proposed also to include clear strategies for reaching marginalized communities in all the program partnership documents with implementing partners.
Given the prevalence of natural disasters in Somalia, combined with the impact of the global pandemic, many households will continue to lose their purchasing power, which will impact the rates of malnutrition.
In addition, most of the IDP sites are overcrowded both at shelter and settlement level. Decongestion is often required to expand the site using available adjacent land and basic site planning.
[ MUTLI SECTORAL NEEDS ]  99% of the households found with Multi sectoral needs. 16% found to be extreme+ severe, 49% extreme, 34% severe and 1% stress.
Damage from Desert Locust swarms could exacerbate the impact of a below average 2020 Deyr season and pose a serious risk to both pasture and crops across Somalia beyond 2020.As such, the situation requires intensified monitoring and scaling up of control measures.
[ HEALTH LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  21% of IDP settlement and 22% of non IDP settlement households found with a health Living Standard Gaps  ( LSG ) .
[ PROTECTION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  2% and 1% of households of both IDP settlements and Non IDP settlement respectively reported their property or possessions were damaged or stolen in the 30 days prior to data collection.
[ PRE EXISTING VULNERABILITIES ]  29% households with at least one pregnant and/or lactating woman.
People who are lacking or unable to access services are vulnerable to various forms of violence, including SGBV, human rights violations, displacement and erosion of coping mechanisms and social cohesion.
[ PROTECTION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Only 1% of IDP settlements reported areas in their community where boys or men do not feel safe.
[ PRE EXISTING VULNERABILITIES ]  9% households with at least one person with a chronic illness which lasted 3 months or longer at the time of the data collection
IOM works with marginalized youth at risk in Preventing Violent Extremism  ( PVE )  and social cohesion, and supports the Federal Government of Somalia's National Programme for the Treatment and Handling of Disengaged Combatants.
[ PRE EXISTING VULNERABILITIES ]  76% households reporting not having any working household members
The key source of stress for girls and boys most frequently reported by key respondents was attacks kidnapping and lack of food are the top three factors that contribute to stressing the children most, 57% of the respondent noted that attacks stresses children most followed by kidnapping 37% and trafficking at 22%.
When asked all children have equal access to existing services 65% of the respondent agreed while 25% disagree and 10% answered they are not aware. When followed up with what were the basis of exclusion for those children who do not have access 15% noted ethnicity and religion while 13% answered language. However, 71% of the respondents said that there are no other types of exclusions or discrimination.
Populations living in Lower Shabelle regions were displaced due to fear of forced recruitment, internal clans' conflicts.
81% of Key informants stated that they have not heard of any attempts to abduct children from their communities  ( e.g. outsiders who want to remove children from the community ) .
Most of the IDP settlements in Marka were set after numerous displacements caused by the recent floods, clan conflict and the ongoing military offensive by SNA and AMISSOM in Lower Shabelle region. This report summarizes the findings of the assessments and highlights a number of areas that require urgent follow up actions.
[ PRE EXISTING VULNERABILITIES ]  40% households with at least one pregnant and/or lactating woman.
The shock has widespread and immediate impacts on the private sector. Since the start of the pandemic, about 45% of firms surveyed had to suspend operations, on average for about seven weeks. Firms in Mogadishu, exporters, and those in manufacturing sector were more likely to close. Two thirds of firms experienced weakened demand while 70% sustained disruptions to their supplies of inputs and raw materials. Sales and employment in June/July dropped roughly by 30% compared to 2019.
[ PRE EXISTING VULNERABILITIES ]  5% households with at least one person with a chronic illness which lasted 3 months or longer at the time of the data collection.
Following this directive there was a displacement of people to the outskirts of Marka, our Child Protection partners reported that more than 2600HHs  ( 15,000 people ) , encompassing of female headed houses, children, elderly and person with disabilities were affected by the displacement and fled to Marka.
Extortion and other forms of violations are common occurrences at the numerous illegal checkpoints manned by both State and non State affiliated armed actors. An estimated 134 such security checkpoints, many of which are fee bearing, hinder safe, timely and unimpeded access. Incidents continue to be reported at the authorized checkpoints along all major access roads in southern and central Somalia, with the following access roads most affected: Mogadishu Afgooye Baidoa, Mogadishu Balcad Jawhar and CadaadoGaalkacyo.
The impact of the abductions of humanitariansis felt not only by the organizations affected but also by the persons in need of assistance and protection, who are often left without assistance when the affected organizations are forced to scale down or suspend operations.
Because of security incidents, 14 humanitarian workers were killed, 28 were injured, 25 were abducted, 17 were arbitrarily arrested and temporarily detained and 2 were expelled by authorities for alleged infractions. The most significant incident was the kidnapping and subsequent execution of seven NGO health workers and one other health worker in Hirshabelle on 27 May.
All stakeholders should renew their attention to the safety and security of national and local actors by implementing tailored risk mitigation measures and appropriate training
The heavy influence of gatekeepers, landowners and land brokers, and their role in addressing the impact and risk of forced eviction, continues to be a limiting factor for beneficiaries to gain access to services.
Identifying safe access routes and obtaining assurances to enter remain important measures to mitigate the risk of major hindrances to humanitarian access, such as the restriction of movement, the denial of access, or interference with the delivery of aid.  ( In regions controlled by ISIL or any other insurgency group )
Access by sea is the most viable option for prepositioning high volumes of humanitarian supplies, however, only four ports   Mogadishu, Bossaso, Berbera and Kismayo   remain operational. Due to insecurity and piracy threats, there are limited reliable commercial shipping options across the Horn. However, the lengthy transit time can make this option unpredictable, and thus the uncertainty of demand and forward planning poses challenges to maximising this potential transport option. In addition, the areas with highest needs in terms of logistics support do not have direct access to ports due to the inter district transport challenge.
Access to populations under Al Shabaab control remains extremely limited owing to concerns about the safety of humanitarian workers, opposition from other parties to the conflict and the reported unwillingness of Al Shabaab officials to accept principled humanitarian operations in areas under their control.
[ MUTLI SECTORAL NEEDS ]  99% of the households found with Multi sectoral needs. 36% found to be extreme+ severe, 39% extreme, 24% severe and 1%stress.
[ PRE EXISTING VULNERABILITIES ]  18% households with at least one person with a chronic illness which lasted 3 months or longer at the time of the data collection.
Child Protection: There are 1.9 million people in need .Similarly, 648,000 non IDPs, 12,000 IDPs, 15,000refugees/asylum seekers, 46,000 refugee returnees are in need. Child Protection Cluster key vulnerable groups are  ( 187,000 )  children living with disability,  ( 1.3 million )  children,  ( 500,000 ) Adolescent,  ( 76,000 ) Unaccompanied or separated children.
[ PRE EXISTING VULNERABILITIES ]  81% households with an age dependency ratio greater than 0.8
[ CAPACITY GAP  ( CG )  ]  7% of households were found to have at least one Protection Living Standard Gaps  ( LSG )  and/or a Capacity Gap  ( CG ) . 6% of households were found to have a Living Standard Gaps ( LSG )  in protection but no Capacity Gap  ( CG )  in protection, 1% of households were found to have both a Living Standard Gaps ( LSG )  in protection and a Capacity Gap  ( CG )  in protection, 93% of households were found to have no protection Living Standard Gaps ( LSG )  but a Capacity Gap  ( CG )  in protection.
[ MUTLI SECTORAL NEEDS ]  Among households with multi sectoral needs, highest need was of WASH  ( 89% ) , followed by Education ( 86% ) , Shelter ( 92% ) , Nutrition ( 63% ) , Health ( 17% )  and Protection ( 19% )
In many areas, serious protection concerns remain, including about unexploded ordnance, ongoing and renewed fighting and retaliatory violence by non State armed groups, such as interference with non governmental organizations  ( NGOs )  on the ground and the forced recruitment of adults and children. In some areas, such as Shabelle Dhexe and Galmudug and parts of Kismaayo, assistance continues to be limited, including for marginalized communities, even where access is possible.
In addition, it impedes people's ability to obtain access to basic services and assistance. Outside major urban centres, the accessibility of some districts, in particular in southern and central regions, remains limited owing in large part to insecurity along main supply routes.
Additional caseworkers are required to ensure the provision of quality case management services for 38,923 children across Somalia identified as at risk of abuse, neglect and violence.
Retaliatory violence, reports of harassment and extortion at checkpoints, restrictions on the movement of goods and people, forced taxation and child recruitment are among the severe challenges and difficulties faced by affected persons in gaining access to safety and assistance in a secure, timely and unimpeded manner.
The myriad challenges associated with delivering humanitarian assistance in Somalia have been exacerbated by the COVID 19 pandemic. Movement restrictions and other government directives, disruptions to imports and national supply chains and challenges to access owing to flooding have affected the availability of basic commodities and contributed to increased prices.
Aid agencies are ready to scale up operations, drawing on lessons recently learned to ensure that response efforts prevent a major humanitarian catastrophe that could jeopardize gains made in recent years. Mechanisms, including significant cash programming, expanded partnerships with already vetted local implementing partners and improved engagement with authorities and affected populations, are in place for a rapid scale up and a sustained response.
The level of funding has affected partners' ability to respond. Most clusters continue to report that partners are unable to provide enough assistance and services in areas affected by displacement, where beneficiaries are among the most vulnerable and needs are high.
The lack of funding has resulted in a scenario in which only 8 per cent of sites for internally displaced persons in Banaadir are currently being covered by camp coordination and camp management partners.
In the same period, close to 648,000 persons were provided with access to sustainable, safe water, health services were provided to close to 1.7 million persons, 246,000 persons benefited from shelter interventions and 413,000 persons received non food items.
An assessment conducted by Save the Children Somalia on the impact of COVID 19 on women and children across the country in July 2020152 indicated that 20 per cent of the children were stressed as a result of school closures, while 70 per cent of parents stated they were not able to support children's learning at home, hindering the continuing learning of children. Similarly, half of both girls and boys aged between 12 17 years said they had no time to study at home due to home chores, and that home based study was ineffective.
Humanitarian partners continue to support children who were subjected to forced recruitment by armed groups. UNICEF and its partners provided reintegration services to 750 children formerly associated with armed forces and groups, as well as to other vulnerable children, including 623 boys and 127 girls.
Child recruitment remains a major concern and a cause for displacement. During the reporting period, 1,269 children, including 61 girls, were reportedly used or recruited by armed groups, according to the country task force on monitoring and reporting mechanism, with Al Shabaab accounting for 987  ( 77 per cent )  of the cases and with clan militias and security forces accounting for the remainder.
Supported by the National Commission for Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons, humanitarian partners issued a call for a moratorium on evictions in the context of COVID 19. More than 67,000 evictions were prevented. However, measures to prevent or mitigate the risk of forced eviction remain considerably low, compared with needs.
According to the JMCNA findings, the main barriers to accessing quality education in a protective learning environment are posed by socio economic and cultural differences. As public schools lack basic resources and enough space to accommodate new enrolments, privately owned schools are on the rise to address the gaps. However, school fees are not affordable to vulnerable households who typically rely on daily wages or work in the informal sector to survive. At present they are faced with widespread job losses compounded by the devastating consequences of ongoing conflict and double disadvantage of the pandemic and natural disasters.
During the reporting period  ( Till August 2020 ) , an estimated 195,992 persons were evicted. According to the Norwegian Refugee Council, more than 128,000 of those evicted were in the Banaadir region, where Mogadishu is located.
Between September 2019 and August 2020, nearly 1.4 million persons were displaced, more than three times the 459,000 persons displaced in the previous reporting period
Currently, samples are transported to Mogadishu for testing. The isolation center in Galkaacyo is under construction and is due for completion next week, but lacks equipment and staff. So far, WHO has supported the recruitment of 42 staff for the Dhuusamarreeb isolation centre.
An estimated 3.5 million persons in rural livelihood zones, urban areas and settlements for internally displaced persons needed food assistance. Huge food and nutrition gaps remained, largely among poor agropastoral, marginalized, and displaced communities, where many vulnerable persons had been pushed into the most severe phases of food and nutrition insecurity.
Despite important measures taken by the Government to reduce recruitment of children, Somalia is still among the top six countries with the highest total number of grave violations against children in the world , and the recruitment and use of children as well as abduction and sexual violence are particularly alarming.
There is also a need to explore approaches and cross border mechanisms to expand re integration of refugee returnees into schools, while advocacy for equitable and sustainable inclusion of refugees, asylum seekers and refugee returnees in national education systems should continue. These approaches are in line with Global Compact on Refugees, Comprehensive Refugee Response Framework, as well as Sustainable Development Goal 4.
Seventeen persons were killed in October 2019 owing to the flooding.Farmland, infrastructure and roads were destroyed, and livelihoods was disrupted in some of the worst hit areas, including Beledweyne in Hirshabelle State, Baardheere in Gedo region and Bardaale, South West State.