nlp-thedeep/humsetbias huggingface dataset:
Food insecurity, driven by conflict, is leading to population displacements and limiting access to food and livelihood opportunities, and remains the highest driver of need. The Cadre Harmonise analysis in October 2019 indicates that 2.9 million people across the BAY states are food insecure  ( CH/IPC Phase 3 to 5 )    a 72 per cent increase from October to December 2018 post harvest period findings. Besides, around 3.8 million people are projected to be food insecure in the upcoming lean season  ( June to August 2020 )  and considered to be facing states of crisis or emergency  ( CH Phase 3 or 4 ) .
According to the IPC Acute Malnutrition  ( IPC AMN )  analysis conducted by the Nutrition Sector in February 2020, the nutrition situation in Yobe and Borno states for the period between January and April 2020 is at phase 3  ( serious ) . This marks a deterioration in the nutrition situation as compared to the period between September and December 2019 which was in phase 2  ( alert ) . The nutrition situation in Adamawa State is expected to remain stable in phase 2  ( alert ) . The deterioration is attributed to increased food insecurity due to poor harvest and poor infant and young child feeding practices including exclusive breastfeeding.
The main challenges the Nutrition Sector is facing in 2020 includes the disruption of services in Mafa and Gubio LGAs, Borno State due to insecurity. Moreover, partners were forced to put services on hold in some locations due to funding shortages and delays in the delivery of life saving nutrition supplies to deep field locations due to delayed cargo movement clearances by the military.
The state continues to experience the same security risks during this first quarter of 2020 reporting period as in the fourth quarter of 2019. The risks included armed attacks, abduction and kidnaps, and improvised Explosive Devise  ( IEDs )  attacks as well as general criminality. Armed attacks and abduction of civilians by suspected None State Armed Groups  ( NSAGs )  were reported in Dapchi in Bursari, Kanama in Yunusari, Baban ginda in Tarmua and Goneri in Gujba LGAs.
5 additional confirmed case reported today  Total number of Confirmed Cases as at 1 st May 2020 stands at 65  No death reported today  Total associated deaths   11.  Distribution of confirmed cases by LGA   27 from Jere, 26 from MMC, 4 from Gwoza, 2 from Konduga, 2 from Damboa and 4 from Bui LGAs
6 additional confirmed case reported today  Total number of Confirmed Cases as at 2 nd May 2020 stands at 71  No death reported today  Total associated deaths   11.  Distribution of confirmed cases by LGA   29 from Jere, 30 from MMC, 4 from Gwoza, 2 from Konduga, 2 from Damboa and 4 from Bui LGAs
In Borno, Adamawa and Yobe states, violence against women, men, girls and boys, including sexual violence, exposure to trafficking and abduction is widespread but grossly under reported as survivors are exposed to serious risks which compromise their safety, well being and basic rights. Forced and early marriage is reportedly used as a tool to alleviate households' economic burden and is viewed as a protective measure to deter armed opposition groups from abducting unmarried girls. Other negative coping mechanisms also include reports of survival sex and prostitution.
Given that up to 20 per cent of explosive hazards do not explode on impact and after over a decade of conflict in the northeast, about 1.5 million people in Borno, Yobe and Adamawa states are facing dangers posed by IEDs, landmines of an improvised nature, and explosive remnants of war in some of the LGAs. The dangers caused by explosive ordnances affect civilians' lives, physical integrity and psychosocial well being.
In January and February 2020, 22 improvised explosive devices  ( IED )  and six explosive remnants of war  ( ERW )  incidents claimed the lives of 34 civilians and injured 64 civilians. One incident occurred on the Gamboru Ngala bridge in Borno State that links to Fotokol in Cameroon where an unidentified explosive device detonated. The explosion killed 15 civilians and injured 28 others. While traveling on three different roads in Konduga and Dikwa LGAs, Borno State, other civilians have suffered from improvised mines.
The protracted conflict across BAY states has eroded coping mechanism, weakened resilience and increased vulnerabilities of displaced populations. Multi sector needs assessment  ( 2019 )  indicated that there are inadequate levels of access to basic services and public infrastructure relative to the population size, limited income sources and livelihood opportunities, and increased resource demands. This deprivation has led to societal tensions between IDPs, returnees and host communities and resulted in increased hardships for displaced populations.
A total of 7.9 million people in Nigeria – more than one in two people in Borno, Yobe and Adamawa states – need humanitarian assistance in 2020. Humanitarian organizations have faced increased access constraints and security related incidents that hamper more effective humanitarian response in the three states. With the upsurge in attacks over the past year, and specifically in recent months, aid organizations were forced to scale down activities and temporarily withdraw their staff in some areas.
Adamawa State continues to experience increased humanitarian needs driven by conflict, attacks by non state armed groups  ( NSAGs ) , and inter communal clashes. Insecurity continues to pervade the state with a series of armed attacks in communities around the fringes of the Sambisa forest by NSAGs. The growing insecurity continues to hamper access to vulnerable returnees in Michika, Madagali, and now some parts of Gombi LGAs that require much needed relief and recovery assistance.
During the reporting period, attacks by NSAGs were recorded in Garkida community in Gombi LGA, and in Michika Town, leading to loss of lives and widespread destruction to property. Two people were killed in Garkida, while in Michika, the Chairperson of the Christian association was kidnapped. There were also reports of kidnapping incidents perpetrated by criminal gangs.
Populations living in areas controlled by NSAGs remain outside the reach of humanitarian assistance. Meanwhile, access to remote areas in northern Adamawa State, bordering southern Borno State also remains a challenge. This due to occasional infiltration and attacks by suspected NSAGs. Humanitarian access is also affected by the temporary restrictions put in place by the military on civilian movements and vital inputs, including the movement of agricultural inputs such as fertilizers. Humanitarian partners have also reported that military personnel based in Mubi have intimidated their field staff.
The Network of Adamawa National Non Government Organization  ( NANGO ) , a Civil Society movement with well over 120 registered members, continues to play a crucial role in the state humanitarian and development response. During the reporting period, a number of its members were engaged in several projects across different sectors. In January 2020, project volunteers screened 9669 IDPs and Nomads, and amongst which 63 new TB cases and 4 cases were found to be HIV positive cases which have been linked to ART sites for treatment, care, and support. Despite the enormous contributions to the state response, Local actors continue to face funding shortfalls to carry out and sustain their intervention.
As a result, humanitarian partners reduced their staff movement and presence in deep field locations such as in Goneri in Gujba LGA, communities east of Geidam and Yunusari LGAs. The heightened insecurity along Damaturu Maiduguri road also continues to adversely impact on the overall humanitarian response in the state. Most partners in Yobe State normally rely on Maiduguri based technical teams who frequently travel to the state to provide support. The security concerns on the road has significantly limited this movement, and has essentially led to some staff traveling via Abuja to Kano, then to Yobe: a four day round trip with higher additional cost on organizations.
The newly displaced persons from areas within Yobe State as well as from Borno State also demand resources to respond to their needs. Restrictions due to the spread of COVID19, is likely going to impose additional challenge for households to access their livelihood activities thereby impacting on their access to food and other needs. Food security partners already spent longer time in the distribution of food and cash based support due to the need to maintain social distancing. This raises additional challenges, especially in high risk security areas.
According to Food Security Sector, there is an increase in population requiring food and related assistance in the first quarter of 2020 compared to the fourth quarter of 2019. The number of LGAs that are in crisis phase have also increased from 8 LGAs in October 2019 to 11 LGAs in the March 2020. This is partly attributed to security challenges in some remote areas which have caused population displacement and limited local coping strategies
The prevalence of malnutrition among women of children bearing age  ( 18 49 )  was very high at 15%, above both Borno and Adamawa. The percentage of children 0 5 months exclusively breastfed  ( EBF )  was only at 35.1% with Southern Yobe region with low EBF of 29.9%. Only 3% of children 6   23 months are receiving the minimum acceptable diet. The main drivers of malnutrition in Yobe include poor infant and young child feeding practices, high food prices leading to decreased food accessibility, high prevalence of diarrhoea and malaria, and poor hygiene practices.
Incidents of survival sex/Sexual Exploitation represented 7% of SGBV cases reported between the period of March and April 2020. Although biting poverty and attendant lack of economic opportunities, significant efforts have been made to reduce the risk of survival sex/sexual exploitation and abuse through continuous awareness, sensitization, and skill acquisition programs
Humanitarian access is shrinking in some areas in the state due to security concerns. Some Partners operating in Goneeri, Wajir and other rural areas in Gujba LGA have reduced the number of weekly field movements and time spent by staff at the program site. Partners have also reduced their field staff movement to Geidam and Yunusari LGAs due to unpredictable security environment in those LGAs. The security environment along Damaturu Gashua road which also links to the Geidam and Yunusari LGAs continues to be unpredictable due to occasional armed attacks, illegal checkpoints and abduction of civilians, especially around Baban ngida and Dapchi towns by suspected None State Armed Groups  ( NSAGs ) .
The nutrition situation in Yobe State continues to remain poor with persistent high GAM levels, above 10% emergency threshold since October 2016. According to the Northeast Nutrition and Food Security Surveillance round 8 conducted in October 2019, the prevalence of acute malnutrition  ( GAM )  in the whole of Yobe was 11.5% and a prevalence of severe acute malnutrition was 1.5%. The GAM levels were highest in Central Yobe region  ( 13.8% )  followed by Southern Yobe  ( 11.1% )  and Northern Yobe  ( 10.8% ) . In 2019, a total of 81,244 severely acutely malnourishes children were admitted for treatment, approximately 70% of the target
IOM and SEMA have recorded 6,317 new arrivals in the period from January to March 2020. These new arrivals remain desperate for shelter and NFIs in Bade, Geidam, Gujba, and Damaturu LGAs. Displaced persons are expected to continue arriving in Yobe State in small scale from Borno and from remote communities in Yobe state to urban centers where security is perceived to be relatively stable. Most of these vulnerable persons are women and children. The majority of the new arrivals are currently living in open spaces and makeshift shelters, a situation projected to worsen during the rainy season. In Buni Yadi and Buni Gari, some 310 new arrivals have occupied a government school.
Water, sanitation and hygiene  ( WASH )  situation remains vague as there is no consolidated and reliable data that holistically highlights the status in the state. While there are good number of ongoing water, sanitation and hygiene interventions in state, life saving and recovery response efforts are not adequately coordinated hence it is difficult to segregate between emergency and recovery/development intervention.
2 Additional confirmed case reported today • Total number of Confirmed Cases as at 15 th May 2020 stands at 190 • 24 patient were discharged today, Total discharge still   44 • Total associated deaths – 20  ( 18 in Isolation facilities and 2 community death. )  • Distribution of confirmed cases by LGA   56 from Jere, 120 from MMC, 3 from Gwoza, 2 from Damboa, 3 from Bayo, 4 from Bui and 1 from Konduga LGAs
The trend of displacement in Yobe State in the first quarter of 2020 changed compared to the fourth quarter of 2019. While over 70 per cent of the 5,000 new arrivals in the State in the fourth quarter of 2019 originated from conflict areas in Borno State, only 30 per cent of the 6,317 new arrivals originated from Borno state this first quarter and the majority 70 per cent originated from remote communities in high risk security areas within Yobe State . About 3 per cent of the total new arrivals are secondary displaced persons from Borno State who had first taken refuge in the Republic of the Niger before coming in to Yobe State . Priority needs include, food, health, nutrition, protection, shelter and NFIs, and WASH.
During the reporting period, a total of 9,651 children with severe acute malnutrition  ( SAM )  were admitted for treatment, out of which, 8,392 were admitted in 438 UNICEF supported treatment facilities across the three northeast states. While 1,259 children  ( Sokoto 653; Zamfara 606 )  were admitted in 20 emergency response nutrition sites in the northwest. The northwest had an 87 per cent cure rate while the northeast had 94.8 per cent cured, 3.9 per cent defaulted, 0.3 per cent died and 1 per cent non respondent
Nigeria has about 13.2 million out of school children. In West Africa, Nigeria accounts for 45 per cent of out of school children. 69 per cent of the out of school in Nigeria are from Northern Nigeria, with 60 per cent of them comprising of girls. The number of out of school children in Nigeria has increased from 10.5 million in 2010 to 13.2 million in 2015. Some of the contributive factors to this issue is the protracted violent conflict in Northeast Nigeria. The destruction of schools by insurgents, forced displacement, and the volatile nature of the region has grossly impacted accessibility to primary education in the area.
With close to 3,000 cases, Nigeria is now the 5th country in Africa in terms of number of positive cases, while it remains among the countries with the lowest number of tests done per million people worldwide. According to latest models, the peak could be expected around July 2020, with over a million symptomatic cases.
In North East Nigeria, the Borno, Adamawa and Yobe states are in an active outbreak situation, and cases have been reported in several IDP camps in Borno. The spread of the virus in the extremely congested IDP camps coupled with high prevalence of comorbidities, including high incidences of chronic malnutrition, endemic malaria and measles, may have serious implications. As many as 400,000 IDPs could become infected. DG ECHO funded partners continue to provide life saving assistance in North East Nigeria in spite of the complex environment and lockdown.
Nigerian soldiers Wednesday successfully ambushed Boko Haram fighters killing nine of them, an official said. Army spokesperson, Sagir Musa, said the ambush occurred at Mainok Jakana axis in Kaga Local Government Area of Borno State.
UNHCR, the UN Refugee Agency, and humanitarian partners are stepping up assistance to nearly 4,000 displaced people who lost all their goods in a large fire which swept through a camp in Maiduguri, in eastern Nigeria's Borno State. The blaze left two people dead and hundreds of families had their shelters destroyed.
Women and girls have reported incidents of rape while collecting firewood as well as the risk of abduction. Safe access to fuel and energy remains a major concern for IDPs particularly women. During the reporting period, the case of rape represented 4% of SGBV reported incidents. There have also been rape incidents reported inside the IDP camps occurring in incomplete shelters, under trees, around latrine areas, and during the night. There is a lack of enforcement by the civil authorities as perpetrators continue to shrive with impunity.
“Two soldiers are slightly wounded and the situation in the area has been normalised,' he said. The Boko Haram insurgency in Northern Nigeria has caused the death of tens of thousands of people and the displacement of millions of others, mainly in Northeastern Nigeria.
7 additional confirmed case reported today  Total number of Confirmed Cases as at 30 th April 2020 stands at 60  Additional 1 deaths reported today  Total associated deaths   11.  Distribution of confirmed cases by LGA   27 from Jere, 26 from MMC, 4 from Gwoza, 2 from Konduga and 1 from Bui LGAs
7 additional confirmed case reported today  Total number of Confirmed Cases as at 4 th May 2020 stands at 82  2 additional death reported today  Total associated deaths   14.  Distribution of confirmed cases by LGA   32 from Jere, 40 from MMC, 4 from Gwoza, 2 from Konduga, 2 from Damboa, 1 from Bayo and 4 from Bui LGAs
Access to legal documentation and civil status documentation remain a challenge in the BAY states, particularly in Borno State as indicated by 24% of informants.
Nearly 300,000 displaced people are scattered in organized and makeshift sites in and around Maiduguri, the capital of Borno State. In the past few months, several fire incidents have occurred in congested IDP camps across North East Nigeria where shelters are too close for safety.
18 additional confirmed case reported today  Total number of Confirmed Cases as at 5 th May 2020 stands at 100  No death reported today  Total associated deaths   14.  Distribution of confirmed cases by LGA   40 from Jere, 50 from MMC, 3 from Gwoza, 2 from Damboa, 1 from Bayo and 4 from Bui LGAs
17 additional confirmed case reported today  Total number of Confirmed Cases as at 9 th May 2020 stands at 151  1 associated death reported today  Total associated deaths – 16  ( 15 in Isolation facilities and 1 community death. )   Distribution of confirmed cases by LGA   50 from Jere, 88 from MMC, 3 from Gwoza, 2 from Damboa, 1 from Bayo and 6 from Bui LGAs
20 additional confirmed case reported today  Total number of Confirmed Cases as at 10th May 2020 stands at 171  6 patients discharged today after testing negative to the 2nd follow up test  No death reported today  Total associated deaths – 16  ( 15 in Isolation facilities and 1 community death. )   Distribution of confirmed cases by LGA   56 from Jere, 101 from MMC, 3 from Gwoza, 2 from Damboa, 1 from Bayo, 6 from Bui and 1 from Konduga LGAs
1 additional confirmed case reported today  Total number of Confirmed Cases as at 12th May 2020 stands at 186  Additional 5 patients discharged today, Total discharge   17  1 Community death reported today  Total associated deaths – 17  ( 15 in Isolation facilities and 2 community death. )   Distribution of confirmed cases by LGA   56 from Jere, 116 from MMC, 3 from Gwoza, 2 from Damboa, 1 from Bayo, 6 from Bui and 1 from Konduga LGAs
2 additional confirmed case reported today  Total number of Confirmed Cases as at 13th May 2020 stands at 188  Additional 3 patients discharged today, Total discharge   20  Total associated deaths – 20  ( 18 in Isolation facilities and 2 community death. )   Distribution of confirmed cases by LGA   56 from Jere, 116 from MMC, 3 from Gwoza, 2 from Damboa, 3 from Bayo, 6 from Bui and 1 from Konduga LGAs
2 new cases were confirmed among almajiris brought in from other States. As at 5 th May 2020, 121 suspected cases have been reported. 12 confirmed positive,  ( Mubi South 2; Mubi North 4; Hong 1; Lamurde 1; Yola North 1; Yola South 1, Girei 2 ) ; 68 negatives and 39 pending. 2 samples tested require retesting.
Four  ( 4 )  new confirmed cases were reported. Total confirmed cases stand at 17. As at 9 th May 2020, 140 suspected cases have been reported. 17 confirmed positive,  ( Mubi South 2; Mubi North 6; Hong 2; Lamurde 2; Yola North 2; Yola South 1, Girei 2 ) ; 119 negatives and 2 pending. 2 samples tested require retesting.
Twelve  ( 12 )  new confirmed case ( s )  reported today: Six  ( 6 )  cases from Bade LGA, three  ( 3 )  cases from Damaturu, and one  ( 1 )  case each from Nguru, Gujba, and Tarmuwa LGAs. The total number of confirmed COVID 19 cases is now thirty two  ( 32 ) : Sixteen  ( 16 )  cases from Damaturu, eight  ( 8 )  cases from Bade, five  ( 5 )  cases from Nguru, and one  ( 1 )  case each from Geidam, Tarmuwa, and Gujba LGAs. Total confirmed cases of COVID 19 amongst Health Care Workers  ( HCWs )  in the state are nine  ( 9 ) : Six  ( 6 )  nurses, two  ( 2 )  doctors, and one  ( 1 )  laboratory scientis
Michika: 65 arrivals and 15 departures were recorded in Michika LGA of Adamawa state. The arrivals include 42 from Yola South LGA, 13 from Mubi North LGA, 10 from Hong LGA in Adamawa state. And 15 departures were recorded from Yola South LGA in Adamawa state. 81% of the movements were as a result of improved security and 19% due to poor living condi�ons.
Gombi: 66 arrivals were recorded in Gombi LGA of Adamawa State. 38 arrivals were recorded in Askira/Uba LGA, 18 from Maiha LGA, 5 from Girei LGA and 5 from Mubi South LGA of Adamawa State. 92% of movements recorded were as a result of improved security and 8% voluntary reloca�on.
Gombi: 57 arrivals and 24 departures were recorded in Gombi LGA of Adamawa State. 30 arrivals were recorded in Hong LGA and 27 from Hawul LGA of Adamawa State. 16 arrivals were also recorded from Mubi South LGA and 8 from Yola South LGA of Adamawa State. 70% of movements recorded were as a result of improved security and 30% voluntary reloca�on.
Hong: 25 arrivals and 34 departures were recorded in Hong LGA of Adamawa state. 13 of the arrivals were from Song in Adamawa state while 12 from Hong LGA in Adamawa state. 18 reported departures were from Hong ward of Hong LGA and 16 from Maiha LGA in Adamawa state. 58% of the recorded movements were due to voluntary reloca�on and 42% improved security.
The results also include 28 children from neighboring countries  ( 7 in Bama, 2 in Gwoza and 19 in Mobbar ) ; of all 28 children measured, no child was in the Red category with 25 in the Green category and the remaining 3 in the Yellow category. All children found with acute malnutri�on have been admi�ed for treatment. Please note, the data presented are not surveillance results and should be interpreted with cau�on.
Hong: 68 arrivals and 12 departures were recorded in Hong LGA of Adamawa state. 19 of the arrivals were from Girei in Adamawa state while 39 from Hong LGA in Adamawa state and 10 from Mubi South LGA in Adamawa state. Reported departures were from Uba ward of Hong LGA in Adamawa state. 60% of the recorded movements were due to voluntary reloca�on and 40% improved security.
In addition to IDPs, refugee returnees from neighboring countries, since January 2020, have particularly mentioned the lack of documentation, necessary to ensure access to services and to enhance the protection of their children. Persons with specific needs are also affected as reported by 65% of the 2,681 vulnerable screened during the reporting period.
The results also includes 10 children from neighbouring country, Republic of Niger. All 10 children moved to Mobbar LGA. 8 of the children were screened into the Green category and 2 in the Yellow category. All children found with acute malnutri�on have been admi�ed in the treatment programme.
An exhaus�ve nutri�on screening using mid upper arm circumference  ( MUAC )  and Oedema for acute malnutri�on was conducted by Nutri�on Sector partners for 12 children of 6 59 months. Of the 12 children screened, the MUAC reading was no child  ( accessible areas )  in the Red category, 2 were in the Yellow category and 10 were measured in the Green category. No case of Oedema was reported in the 2 LGAs that reports were received from.
IDPs tend to suffer from extreme poverty and lack of access to healthcare services. Will social distancing work in overcrowded camps? IDPs camps in Nigeria are characteristically a communal type of living where families or communities sacked by violence or natural disasters seek refuge in their numbers. In sharp contrast, social distancing calls for maintenance of physical distancing between people and also avoiding coming in close contact with people.
COVID 19 restrictions are negatively impacting households' livelihoods, specifically in urban areas, as federal and state governments implement lockdown measures and movement restrictions. These measures have also decreased both formal and informal trade across the country. The combined loss of household income, and in some cases price increases, has led to an increase in the population facing Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 ) .
Households outside of the conflict affected areas are consuming own foods although staple food prices are a bit high for market dependent households. Food distribution and cash transfers, particularly by the government, have been scaled up in response to COVID 19. Additionally, the off season harvest is underway which has stabilized most households access to income and food. As a result, most households across the country are continuing to face Minimal  ( IPC Phase 1 )  outcomes.
Households affected by insurgency, mainly in Borno and parts of Adamawa and Yobe States will continue to face Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  or Emergency  ( IPC Phase 4 )  outcomes through September. Populations in hard to reach and inaccessible areas are likely facing similar or worse outcomes, and the risk of Famine  ( IPC Phase 5 )  continues in these areas. Displaced households living in camps who are largely dependent on humanitarian assistance are experiencing Stressed!  ( IPC Phase 2! ) .
Among prevalent HLP issues recorded from key informants, 20% of them reported theft/fraud of property records; 16 % secondary occupation, and 16% the lack of ownership documents. In addition, destruction of houses/property and destruction of cro.ps were reported by 12.5% and 9.81% of respondents respectively while 7.5% indicated forced evictions and 5.9% land disputes as reasons behind separation from their property
Mubi North: 31 arrivals and 45 departures were recorded in Mubi North LGA of Adamawa state. The arrivalsinclude 13 from Madagali LGA, 7 from Mubi North LGA in Adamawa state and 11 from Mubi South LGA in Adamawa state. All recorded departures were from Minkisi/Wuro Ngiki ward and Michika ward of Michika LGA in Adamwa state and Yola South LGA Adamawa state. 62% of the movements were due to voluntary reloca�on, 18 due to poor living condi�on and 20% due to improved security.
The results also includes 7 children from neighbouring country, Republic of Niger. All 7 children moved to Damasak ward, Mobbar LGA. 6 of the children were screened into the Green category and 1 in the Yellow category. All children found with acute malnutri�on have been admi�ed in the treatment programme.
A total of 176 movements were observed at 22 points of entry in the conflict affected North Eastern Nigerian States of Adamawa and Borno between 29th April and 7th May 2020. Of the total movements recorded, 117 were within Nigeria  ( interstate and intrastate ) , 38 were incoming from neighbouring countries  ( Cameroon and Chad ) , while 21 were outgoing movements from Nigeria to Cameroon.
As of 15 February 2020, the DTM has iden�fied 2,046,604 IDPs  ( 420,072 households )  across Adamawa, bauch, Borno, Gombe, Taraba and Yobe States. This represents an increase of 0.4 per cent  ( 7,512 persons )  over DTM Round 30, while the number of returns from neighbouring regions into situa�ons of secondary displacement increased by 4 per cent  ( 62,186 persons )  from previous DTM round.
The recent attacks in Fadama Kolomdi and Gubio LGAs have left 81 people dead, 400 cattle rustled, and others displaced. The attack by ISWAP on Monguno town, hosting over 100,000 IDPs in mid June resulted in fatalities, injuries, and displacement. Similarly, Gubio town was also attacked on the same day, with fatalities and displacement.
During the period of 20   26 April 2020, a total of 1,110 movements were recorded, composed of 732 arrivals and 378 departures. Arrivals were in recorded at loca�ons in Askira/Uba, Bama, Gwoza and Mobbar Local Government Areas  ( LGAs )  of Borno State. Arrivals were also recorded in Demsa, Fufore, Girei, Gombi, Hong, Michika, Mubi North, Mubi South, Numan, Song, Yola North and Yola South LGAs of Adamawa State.
At the end of April, 86% of 27,508 refugee returnees from Cameroon, Niger, and Chad mentioned the destruction of houses in areas of origin and subsequently the need for shelter as part of their three priority needs.
The fire broke out on the eve of Muslim festival of Eid al Fitr celebrating the end of Ramadan, at the makeshift camp now hosting some 40,000 internally displaced people. It began after sparks from a cooking fireplace spread out and ignited a fire which soon engulfed shelters all around the camp. Houses were razed to the ground and damaged other facilities. The majority of those affected people were women.
As of 12 May, a total of 4,641 cases and 150 fatalities have been registered in Nigeria, according to the latest data from the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control  ( NCDC )  The number of confirmed cases reached 4,641 while registering the highest single day death toll  ( 17 deaths )  on 10 May
During the period of 27 April   3 May 2020, a total of 615 movements were recorded, composed of 397 arrivals and 218 departures. Arrivals were recorded at loca�ons in Askira/Uba, Monguno, Gwoza and Mobbar Local Government Areas  ( LGAs )  of Borno State. Arrivals were also recorded in Demsa, Madagali, Maiha, Gombi, Hong, Michika, Mubi North, Mubi South, Numan, Song, Yola North and Yola South LGAs of Adamawa State
Lagos State is the worst affected with 1,933 confirmed cases  ( 33 deaths ) , followed by Kano with 666 confirmed cases  ( 32 deaths )  Borno State is now the fifth worst affected state with 186 cases and 16 deaths Cases have been also been registered in Adamawa  ( 21 cases/0 deaths )  and Yobe  ( 13 cases/1 death )  states
According to UNFPA, MOH, and Borno SPHCDA representatives, there were tensions between host communities and IDPs at the beginning of the insurgency, with host community members reportedly fearing some of the IDPs were part of the insurgency
In addition 51 per cent of the confirmed cases are from 9 local government areas3 . Of the total admitted, 1,180 cases have been discharged and 167 deaths have been recorded. 31,702 tests have been carried out across the country with 34 states and the Federal capital Territory  ( FCT )  having reported at least one confirmed case.
Askira/Uba: 83 arrivals and 44 departures were recorded in Askira/Uba LGA of Borno state. The arrivals include 56 from Gatamarwa ward in Chibok LGA and 8 from Husara/Tampul ward in Askira/Uba LGA of Borno State. 19 Arrivals were aslo recorded from Michika LGA in Adamawa State. 38 of the departures recorded were from Gombi LGA and 6 from Hong LGA in Adamawa State. 64% of the movements were due to voluntary reloca�on and 36%were due to improved security.
During the period of 4   10 May 2020, a total of 1,036 movements were recorded, composed of 787 arrivals and 388 departures. Arrivals were recorded at loca�ons in Askira/Uba, Gwoza, Mobbar, Ngala Bama and Damboa Local Government Areas  ( LGAs )  of Borno State. Arrivals were also recorded in Demsa, Madagali, Maiha, Gombi, Hong, Michika, Mubi North, Mubi South, Numan, Song, Yola North and Yola South LGAs of Adamawa State.
Monitoring measures have since been implemented to confirm the identities of beneficiaries, but host communities continue to struggle to meet basic needs, and tensions persist.
Reports of protests in some parts of the country over lockdown measures and treatment centres. Arrests were recorded for violations of social distancing measures and not wearing masks in public. The Nigerian government proposed an Infectious Diseases Act which outlines regulations on quarantining, vaccination and other preventative measures for COVID 19 however civil society groups are concerned it infringes on human rights.
Inter communal clashes in Lamurde Local Government Area  ( LGA )  in Adamawa State, north east Nigeria claimed at least 73 lives on 15 and 16 May. Some 75 people were injured in the clashes and are hospitalized. Homes, businesses and livestock were burned or destroyed.
Prolonged and recent increases in conflict associated with Boko Haram in northeastern Nigeria coupled with the lockdown measures meant to limit the spread of COVID 19 have led to an increased strain on livelihoods. This has resulted in a larger than previously anticipated number of people in need of humanitarian assistance during the upcoming lean season. Many conflict affected households are facing Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  or worse outcomes. Households that remain inaccessible to humanitarian actors are likely experiencing similar or worse food security outcomes relative to adjoining accessible areas.
The IOM DTM Round XXX  ( December 2019 )  estimates that 1.83 million people remain internally displaced across the three north eastern states of Adamawa, Borno and Yobe, of whom 82 per cent are in Borno alone. 1 Between January and March, 33,903 movements were registered within the three states with new arrivals accounting for 26,847. The key drivers behind these population movements are conflict/military operations, fear of attack, poor living conditions, and voluntary relocations. The priority needs for the returnees and the IDPs remain shelter, access to water and sanitation, health and nutrition services and the provision of food.
Violence in north west Nigeria has led to the displacement of thousands of people from rural communities due to disputes between farmers and herdsmen over water and land. Most recent figures from Emergency Management Agencies of Zamfara and Sokoto states estimate total numbers of IDPs at 150,000  ( 90,000 in Zamfara and 60,000 in Sokoto ) . Since January 2020, some IDPs have been returning to their location of origin following a relative reduction in frequency and intensity of hostilities and criminal banditry. However, incidents of killings and abductions for ransom are still reported.
Nearly 1,200 people were displaced by the clashes. The displaced populations are temporarily staying in school facilities, while the State Government is establishing a camp to house them. The State Emergency Agency started delivered food assistance to the displaced on 17 May
The Adamawa State Government imposed an indefinite curfew from dusk to dawn across the entire LGA to prevent further violence. Security forces intervened to stop the clashes. The police reported to have arrested 30 suspects and confiscated weapons.
Lamurde LGA a major flashpoint for perennial herder farmer clashes and flooding. Currently more than 81,110 people are estimated to be in need of humanitarian assistance in Lamurde LGA with three partners providing health and nutrition assistance As of 19 May, there are 21 confirmed cases of COVID 19 and zero deaths in Adamawa State, of which two cases were recorded in Lamurde LGA
• Displaced households in the northwest and central states of Nigeria, particularly in Benue, Plateau, and Katsina, and others in Zamfara and Sokoto States are unable to engage in normal livelihood activities. Coupled with the COVID 19 pandemic impacts more households are expected to face Stressed  ( IPC Phase 2 )  outcomes through May. Households worst affected by conflict coupled with the COVID 19 impact in Zamfara, Sokoto and Katsina states will experience Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  between June and September.
One Nigerian army officer and seven soldiers have lost their lives after Boko Haram insurgents ambushed a military patrol team in Borno, military sources said. Five soldiers were wounded and two still missing in action as of late Tuesday, sources said. A Boko Haram fighter was killed while an assault rifle was recovered from the attackers. The ambush on 156 Task Force Battalion occurred at about 1:00 p.m. on Tuesday in Mainok, about 60 kilometres west of Maiduguri.
Movement of populations within BAY States towards IDP camps and host communities continued despite the total lockdown and the ban of interstate travel. Secondary or multiple displacements of IDPs due to several factors sometimes interrelated such as insecurity as a result of NSAGs activities and military operations, the quest for livelihood activities including the need to access farmlands in anticipation of the forthcoming rainy season and family reunification. A total of 8,018 individuals arrived in Banki, Monguno, Bama, Gwoza, Ngala, and camps in Jere and MMC in Borno State whereas 165 individuals arrived in Mubi North in Adamawa State.
As previously mentioned, insecurity makes it difficult for health actors to reach people, and for people to reach services. MOH and UNFPA representatives spoke about the widespread destruction of health facilities and attacks on health workers by fundamentalist militants since the start of the insurgency.
Households affected by conflict who are in urban areas and IDP camps are mainly dependent on humanitarian assistance for food and are in Stressed!  ( IPC Phase 2! ) . Those populations who have limited access to humanitarian assistance remaining outside of urban areas and unable to engage in normal livelihood activities are facing food consumption gaps and are likely to remain in Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 ) .
Results show that the average daily number of individuals observed in March, at the FMPs in Nigeria, was 1,069. This represents a 15 per cent decrease compared to the daily average of February 2020. The 15 per cent decrease from the previous month is largely due to the outbreak of the novel Corona Virus pandemic. Nigeria recorded its first case of Covid 19 on 27 February 2020 and the first death from the global pandemic was recorded on 23 March. Hence, the decline in migration flow. Nigeria, Niger, Chad, and Cameroon were the main countries of departure and intended destination for individuals passing through FMPs.
The Sokoto FMP observes the cross border flows of migrants between Nigeria and Niger. Results show that the average daily number of individuals observed in March 2020 at the FMP of Sokoto was 119, this represents a 26 per cent decrease compared to February 2020. One of the effects of the Covid 19 pandemic is the massive decline in movements of people across international borders. This has also increased the scrutiny at the land crossing borders as port health officials are also on standby to assess individuals coming into Nigeria. Tahoua  ( 52% ) , Maradi  ( 46% ) , Dosso  ( 1% )  and Niamey  ( <1% )  in Niger were the regions of departure of individuals passing through Sokoto, whereas Maradi  ( 61% ) , Tahoua  ( 35% ) , Dosso  ( 3% ) . and Zinder  ( 1% )   ( all of which are located in Niger )  were the regions of destination for the observed population.
In April, global oil prices crashed associated with the COVID 19 pandemic and large quantities of oil in the global market. The Nigerian Government has decreased its production quota while oil prices remain very low and exports have decreased. In April, The Nigerian Central Bank could not continue its fiscal intervention to stabilize the Naira  ( NGN ) , which resulted in a significant depreciation of the NGN compared to the United States Dollar  ( USD ) . Similarly, government foreign reserves have decreased as the result of a decline in oil exports.
International cross border trade continues to be mainly informal and limited as borders remain closed and is likely further limited due to the lockdown. Similarly, imports are constrained across the country as sea, air, and land ports remain closed. Despite the strict border closures along international and state borders, essential goods such as food and medicine are allowed to move between states from surplus to deficit producing areas of the country.
Nigeria, on Thursday, recorded 193 new cases of COVID 19 as the number of infected people exceeded 5,000. Three people also died from the virus on Thursday. According to the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control  ( NCDC ) , with Thursday's figure, the total tally of infected people in the country rose to 5,162, from 4,971 reported on Tuesday evening.
Some of the major challenges identified at the EOC included: low index of suspicion of yellow fever among health care providers; low but improving routine immunisation coverage in the states; poor documentation of yellow fever surveillance in many health facilities and across states.
A breakdown of the 5,162 confirmed cases shows that Lagos State has so far reported 2, 099 cases, followed by Kano – 753, FCT – 379, Katsina – 224, Bauchi – 207, Borno – 191, Jigawa – 176, Ogun – 134, Gombe – 124, Kaduna – 114, Sokoto – 112, Edo – 92, Zamfara – 73, Oyo – 73, Kwara – 56, Osun – 42, Rivers – 33, Yobe – 32, Kebbi – 31, Nasarawa – 29, Plateau – 25,:Delta – 22, Adamawa – 21, Ondo – 19, Taraba – 17, Akwa Ibom – 17, Ekiti – 15, Enugu – 12, Niger – 10, Ebonyi – 9, Imo – 7, Bayelsa – 6, Benue – 4, Anambra – 2 and Abia – 2.
The Kano FMP monitors cross border flows of migrants between Nigeria and Niger. Results show that the daily average number of individuals observed in March 2020 at the Kano FMP was 950, a 13 per cent decrease compared to February 2020. Zinder  ( 45% ) , Maradi  ( 42% )  and Diffa  ( 8% )  in Niger, Ndjamena  ( 3% )  in Chad and Centre  ( 1% )  in Cameroon were the regions of departure for travellers passing through Kano, whereas Zinder  ( 47% ) , Maradi  ( 38% )  and Diffa  ( 11% )  in Niger, Ndjamena  ( 2% )  in Chad and Centre  ( 2% )  in Cameroon were the regions of destination of observed flows.
As the world battles a menacing pandemic, with social distancing equivocally advised, internally displaced persons  ( IDPs )  in Nigeria are locked in a terrible quicksand. IDP camps in Nigeria are stretched thin beyond capacity, resulting in massive infrastructural dearth, disregard for basic hygiene, the potentiality of disease outbreaks, etc. The humanitarian crisis in the camps is enormous. Much worse, these camps are most probably the only option for thousands of its habitants. Nigeria has about 3.3 million displaced people with many of them spread in different camps across the country and neighbouring countries. The decade long terrorism in the Northeast greatly enriches the figure, menace of banditry in the Northwest and so many other violent conflicts and disasters in the country.
In August 2019, the country had recorded an increase in the number of yellow fever cases in Katsina, Bauchi and Benue States. By September 2017, all 36 States in Nigeria and the Federal Capital Territory had reported at least one suspected case of yellow fever. Between 1st and 31st October 2019, some 839 suspected cases were recorded from all states including FCT, adding up to a total of 3,620 suspected cases reported in 588 LGAs since January 2019; with 18 States recording at least one confirmed case of yellow fever.
Government revenue and the economy is heavily dependent on oil exports for access to foreign exchange. At the beginning of 2020, despite previous improvements in the economy in 2019, the macroeconomy started to decline initially driven by the border closure. The annual inflation rate in March was about 12.26 percent largely driven by the impacts of the border closure and increase in the value added tax rate to 7.5 percent. The National Bureau of Statistics noted the current lockdowns across the country are not reflected in the March inflation figures.
In northwestern and central states, surplus producing areas, most markets remain well supplied with staple foods including millet, maize, sorghum, and local rice. Although, market supplies are declining faster than normal and are atypically low in the southwestern, southeastern, and extreme southern areas that are typically structural deficit staple production areas for cereals. Staple food prices notably increased between February and March  ( Figure 1 ) , and are slightly above previous months, and higher than last year on average across markets. The COVID 19 pandemic associated restrictions coupled with Ramadan increased demand has resulted in the price increases.
Unskilled and skilled labor demand declined across the country as the restrictions associated with the pandemic persist. Urban poor households, who depend mainly on daily labor have been more significantly impacted as their movements are now restricted, and informal and unskilled labor opportunities are limited. Some urban populations are returning to their rural homes to engage in both agriculture and unskilled labor.
Insurgent attacks in Borno, Adamawa, and Yobe States continue due to increased attacks of non state and state actors. According to IOM Round 31, as of mid February, there were over 3.7 million IDPs and returnees with over 2.0 million people displaced across Adamawa, Bauchi, Borno, Gombe, Taraba, and Yobe states. According to the IOM, between April 6 and 12, a total of 2,050 population movements/relocations were recorded, composed of around 1,500 arrivals and 550 departures across Borno and Adamawa states.
Additionally, almost 150 others arrived from Cameroon and Niger within the same period. The IOM assessments identified movement was most related to conflict and voluntary relocation. Despite the continued movement of people and those fleeing conflict, UNOCHA estimates indicate about 1 million people remain in inaccessible areas of Borno, Adamawa, and Yobe States
Insecurity in the northwest and central states persists. On April 19, bandit attacks resulted in nearly 50 fatalities in Dutsinma, Danmusa, and Safana LGAs with some associated displacement. Similar attacks are reported in Gatare village, Sabon Birni LGA of Sokoto State in mid April where over 20 persons were killed, and several others displaced. In Plateau and Kaduna States communal conflict continues.
Similar bandit attacks were reported in Zamfara, Benue, Niger, Taraba and Plateau states with resultant population displacement and fatalities. The displaced populations across the zone remain displaced where the conflict persists; however, as households are able, they likely return to their home of residence while others are in major urban areas within the region.
Poor urban households are typically completely reliant on markets for food and access incomes through petty trade, daily labor, casual labor, domestic work, and food vending. The government lockdown, which has been strictly enforced in urban areas, has limited access to income as these opportunities are largely unavailable.
Additionally, market prices atypically increased, amidst decreasing household purchasing power. Worst affected households have lost their access to income and are reliant on borrowing, community support, among other coping strategies to purchase food. In some extreme cases, begging has been reported. The COVID 19 and associated restrictions are driving an increase in the Stressed  ( IPC Phase 2 )  and Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  in urban areas especially in Lagos, FCT Abuja, and Kano.
Many households in the northwest, northcentral, and some riverine areas of the country are trying to engage in their normal livelihood activities; however, flooding, armed banditry, kidnapping, communal conflict, and farmer/pastoralist conflict are interrupting normal livelihood activities. However, many of these households are consuming their own produced food, while also facing some difficulty meeting their nonfood needs due to COVID 19 restrictions that make accessing income more difficult. Consequently, these households are in Stressed  ( IPC Phase 2 )  with more households within these areas facing Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 ) .