nlp-thedeep/humsetbias huggingface dataset:
Under the desert locust livelihood response, agricultural and agro pastoral households have received farming inputs for both the Gu  ( 24,300 households )  and the Deyr  ( 16,000 households )  seasons, of whom 7,468 farming households received cash. To support pastoral communities affected by desert locusts, 3,600 metric tonnes of livestock feed are being delivered to 30,000 households, with 2,450 households registered for cash plus livestock inputs. So far, FAO has received US$50.4 million to support the FAO and government led Desert Locust 2020 Somalia Action Plan, against a total requirement of $57 million. Additional funds for aerial contracts, sprayers, vehicles and operational costs are urgently required to keep the operations going until at least June 2021.
An estimated 200 hectares of farmland have been destroyed in Afgooye Marka. In Puntland, immature and mature swarms of desert locusts are present in many areas where breeding is ongoing due to favorable weather conditions following recent rains. It is projected that the hatched swarms will start hovering around areas with vegetation in search of food, depending on the direction of the wind. In Hirshabelle State, a huge presence of newly hatched locusts have been spotted in Hiiraan and Middle Shabelle regions.
According to FAO SWALIM, the unusual heavy rains in the area also led to an immediate and short term recharge of subsurface water sources and pasture growth, especially in Somaliland which has had a prolonged dry period since September 2020. However, these rains are not enough to address the water deficit in the area.
Persons of concern continued into the month of July to express heightened difficulties in meeting their basic needs, often stemming from lost wages or rising commodity prices because of the pandemic. UNHCR and the World Food Programme  ( WFP )  signed a three month partnership agreement for the distribution of 1,500 metric tons of food consisting of cereals, pulses and oil targeting some 30,000 refugees and asylum seekers in Mogadishu, Bossaso, Galkayo, Hargeisa and other regions within Somaliland.
Additionally, material assistance by UNHCR  ( in the form of transportation or provision of items such as solar torches and dignity kits )  were availed to 286 persons. The distribution of solar torches reduces women and girls' exposure to sexual and gender based violence while in the cover of night and serves as an alternative source of energy for cooking, charging mobile devices and other uses such as night time studying.
As part of UNHCR's commitment to provide protection services to IDPs, returnees, refugees/asylum seekers and vulnerable hosting community members, in July the following SGBV related interventions were undertaken: 284 SGBV survivors were provided with medical assistance, 216 survivors received legal assistance, and 442 survivors received psychological counselling
In July, UNHCR in coordination with AVORD finalized construction works at the borehole in Bonkay  ( remaining installation of solar batteries ) . The water borehole provides water to an estimated 2,500 population from two IDP sites and the surrounding host community. In addition, works on fencing, water point and pipelines were completed at the borehole located in Bayhaw  ( remaining solar batteries, soak pit and paintings ) .
In July, UNHCR continued providing life saving assistance to persons of concern and hosting communities by providing protection, strengthening the national health system to contain the spread of COVID 19 and support socioeconomic recovery and resilience. Through social media, television and radio, and other means of disseminating information, UNHCR and partners reached over 234,000 IDPs, returnees, refugees and asylum seekers and hosting community with life savings and hygiene/sanitation related information on COVID 19.
As at the end of the month, UNHCR, including through its lead role in the Protection and Shelter Clusters and as co lead to the CCCM Cluster, has continued to provide protection, assistance and durable solutions to refugees/asylum seekers, refugee returnees, internally displacement persons and mixed migrants, as indicated below..
Dessert locusts continued to consume thousands of hectares of crops in Somaliland, Puntland and Galmudug, and since the onset of the seasonal rains in April, more than 500,000 people were displaced by emergency rains and floods.
Homestead food production can be complementary to what is available at the market. Models on homestead production focused on sources of micronutrients that were lacking or very expensive  ( e.g. calcium )  from animal source foods  ( eggs and goat's milk )  and vegetables. One potential intervention is to increase the household supply of eggs with small scale home production. A weekly production and consumption of 20 eggs would reduce the daily cost of a nutritious diet from $7.0 per day for the modelled household to $6.7 per day
Around 2.8 million persons of concern, particularly 2.6 million IDPs remain among the most vulnerable, many of whom have not recovered or restored their livelihood from the 2019 Deyr floods.
Consuming a nutritious diet  ( $6.96 )  is nearly four times as expensive as a diet that meets energy needs only  ( $1.85 ) . Compared to current diets, the optimized nutritious diet contains much greater quantities of nutritious food and much lower quantities of oil and sugar.
Systemic poverty, long distances to school, safety concerns, social norms favouring boys' education, a lack of teachers – particularly female teachers – and the low availability of sanitation facilities, stop parents from enrolling children, particularly girls, in school. As a result, the living standard of displaced school aged children is severely affected by barriers to accessing education facilities. A reported 43 per cent of IDPs with school aged children interviewed reported the cost of school fees and school materials as the main obstacles, followed by closure of schools in their area  ( 29 per cent ) , long distance to reach schools and lack of transportation  ( 15 per cent ) , and a lack of education facilities  ( 14 per cent ) .
During 2014 and 2017 the percentage of children with acute malnutrition among pastoral households increased sharply. In comparison, riverine and IDP livelihoods record rather small, seasonal fluctuations with small spikes during Gu  ( spring ) , the season of heaviest rains. This highlights the need to tailor interventions to increase communities' resilience to shocks to livelihood systems specific drivers of fluctuations.
Given the fragility of institutions, ongoing conflict, severity of droughts and lack of development over the past ten years, it is likely these figures are outdated. Information on wasting is available and relatively consistent, with high GAM rates, that fluctuate between 10 and 15 percent.
Forty four percent of households do not meet energy requirements, based on analysis of HFS consumption data. Adolescents  ( 13 18 years old, either sex )  and older people  ( 50 years and above )  are more likely to live in households that do not meet energy needs  ( 59 percent and 54 percent, respectively ) . Dietary intake of calcium, vitamin A, folic acid  ( for adolescents )  and iron is low. These micronutrients are the most expensive to meet with local foods according to CotD analysis. Most households spend 65 85 percent of total expenditure on food, which is considered very high and indicative of high levels of poverty.
WASH partners have not been able to achieve their mid year targets population with basic WASH services and as of May 2020, have only reached 107,295 people with emergency sanitation services and 560,385 people with temporary water supply, representing 10 per cent and 25 per cent respectively of the total target population. This is due to funding gaps, limiting partner capacity to deliver lifesaving interventions.
According to the JMCNA, households that live in informal settlements therefore tend to have particularly high severity scores, with 51 per cent of households identified as having a severity score that is severe or higher compared to 34 per cent of households outside of settlements.
Vegetables, fruits and animal source foods were most expensive per calorie  ( Figure 6 )  and their prices varied widely across the country. On average, energy dense foods such as grains, oil and sugar cost $0.04  ( oil, sugar )  and $0.08  ( grains )  per 100 calories; nutrient dense foods cost $0.32  ( eggs )  and $0.52  ( vegetables )  per 100 calories. Meeting energy needs is cheapest with commodities low in other essential nutrients, including protein, vitamins and minerals.
[ SHELTER & NON FOOD ITEMS  ( SNFI )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  95% of the household found with Shelter and Non food items ( SNFI )  living Standard Gap  ( LSG ) . 5% found to be extreme + severe, 54% found to be very extreme, 36% severe and 5% stress.
In addition to IDPs residing in informal settlements, of particular concern are the severe conditions and risks faced by some of the most vulnerable groups among the IDP population; these groups include women, children, minorities, persons with disabilities, persons without any clan affiliation, child and femaleheaded households, survivors of violence, abuse and exploitation  ( particularly children ) , or elderly persons without support structures. They are often at higher risk of forced evictions, discrimination based on status, child rights violations and child labour, family separations and GBV, such as rape and sexual assault.
The local price for livestock was 18 percent lower than non crisis years. The combination of increased staple food prices and decreased income from selling livestock put stress on households. This particularly applies to pastoral households because of their high dependence on markets to source food, and on selling one commodity  ( livestock )  to generate income.
[ NUTRITION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  42% of the households of IDP settlements reported that it takes less than 15 minutes to reach to the nearest nutrition facility while 8% and 42% of the households of IDP settlements reported it takes 15 30 minutes, 30 60minutes to reach to the nearest nutrition facility respectively. 8% reported it takes more than 3 hours to reach to the nearest nutrition facility
Urban centre (  which were already isolated through the presence of Al Shabab )  residents were forced to take considerable risks for their safety to transport goods on the road, often forced to leave them behind when attacked by Al Shabab.
[ PROTECTION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  The main driver of protection LSGs was found to be Households reporting having experienced movement restrictions in the 30 days prior to data collection  ( 5% ) .
Most internally displaced persons live in poverty in informal settlements in urban areas, often in desperate conditions with limited livelihood opportunities, and rely on external humanitarian assistance.
[ NUTRITION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  24% of the households of non IDP settlements reported that it takes less than 15 minutes to reach to the nearest nutrition facility while 29%, 38% and 9% of the households of non IDP settlements reported it takes 15 30 minutes, 30 60minutes and 1 3 hours to reach to the nearest nutrition facility respectively.
There are more than 930,000 displaced children, many of whom reside in informal sites, that are facing very high risks of family separation, experience mental distress and are at risk of recruitment to armed forces. As a result, this population subgroup is likely to experience severe or catastrophic mental health and wellbeing outcomes as they are more likely to be subject to violence, economic and sexual exploitation, abuse and potential trafficking
Closure of children facilities and limited social activities of children both in CFS's and community as preventative measures for COVID 19 required partners to adjust programming to ensure continuity of care for at risk children as well as mitigate against secondary child protection risks.
UNHCR ensured persons of concern  ( PoC ) , who are particularly vulnerable to the pandemic, receive assistance in form of core relief items and cash assistance, including through use of digital and innovative solutions. Cash grants have been distributed to assist with the restoration of livelihoods as many PoCs including refugees and asylum seekers, returnees and displaced persons have lost their employment because of the shrinking economy and are unable to meet their basic needs.
UNHCR enhanced risk communication to promote community engagement with emphasis on hygiene promotion, hand washing with soap, respiratory hygiene, care seeking and physical social distancing using preferred and accessible communication channels with emphasis on two way communication and also ensured continued access to essential health services, through improving health infrastructure and provision of health services through building or re purposing health, isolation and quarantine facilities, especially in high density living conditions most at risk of spread and infection with COVID 19
Shelter: 45% of the assessed settlements reported that the damaged shelters had not been rebuilt due to lack of money while 27% of the assessed settlements reported that people whose shelters were destroyed moved away so that the damaged shelters had not been rebuilt.
These emergencies  ( poor health services, stigmatisation of refugees )  coupled with the increasing impact of COVID 19 may result into higher case fatalities and heightened protection risks amongst refugees and asylum seekers due to extreme poverty, congestion, overcrowded living conditions and limited health and WASH infrastructure.
The COVID 19 pandemic has therefore became an “emergency on top of an emergency', risking lives and putting pressure on already fragile health systems, poor housing conditions and limited livelihood opportunities and socioeconomic welfare with extreme impact on the most vulnerable including the elderly, children, women, girls and people with disabilities. These have been further worsened by other emergencies including floods and infestation of desert locusts in the country
Furthermore, many refugees and asylum seekers are neglected, stigmatised, and face difficulties in accessing health services, social protection and other services that are otherwise available to the general population.
The majority of refugees, asylum seekers and returnees live in poor urban areas with limited public health facilities, poor water and sanitation, inadequate housing, as well as limited social protection systems and face specific barriers and vulnerabilities that have been further stretched due to the COVID 19 situation increasing their vulnerability to protection risks  ( including risks of gender based violence ) .
On average, 3 per cent of the IDP population covered by the assessment reported employing emergency levels of livelihood coping strategies, including child labour, while 5 per cent and 60 per cent employed crisis and stress levels of coping strategies respectively – for example, the sale of productive assets or borrowing money.
Reliance on remittances is an important coping mechanism in Somalia, but remittances are neither prevalent nor effective in reducing poverty among the most vulnerable households in IDP settlements. While IDP households are among the poorest households, only around 7 percent receive remittances. The amounts, if received, are not effective in reducing poverty because they are too small relative to the poverty gap. A majority of IDP households who did receive remittances reported a 10 to 30 per cent decline compared to what they typically received due to COVID 19, hampering their ability to sustain their lives and pay for critical services
The overall requirements of WASH cluster have increased from US$90 million to US$111 million, due to COVID 19 related WASH lifesaving activities which had to be scaled up to prevent COVID19 transmission and mitigate its impact on vulnerable populations already facing multi faceted crisis.
As a result of food consumption gap, many were employing negative coping strategies when they did not have enough food or money to purchase food. These were related to changes in diets to less preferred food options or the consumption of fewer calories – short term strategies with a long lasting impact for the households.
WASH response has been adapted to shift the focus on activities addressing the direct consequences of COVID 19 and floods. Sustainable access to safe water supply was reduced due to funding constraints and the need to focus the emergency response on key interventions, such as hygiene promotion and hygiene kits distribution, to reduce morbidity/mortality in IDP settlements and other crowded settings.
This increase in cholera cases is attributed to lack of safe water and sanitation services faced by the affected populations.
Somalia has also experienced floods in two consecutive seasons October/ November 2019 and April/ June 2020 which had a devastating impact on WASH infrastructure as water sources are contaminated and sanitation facilities damaged leaving behind significant water and sanitation gaps, especially in displaced settlements and flood prone areas.
There is water scarcity throughout Puntland, the most affected livelihood zones are Northern Inland Pastoral and parts of Hawd pastoral  ( Buuhoodle and Galkacyo )  where water prices have doubled. This has led to livestock migration. In parts of Bari and Nugaal water prices increased by 50% compared to normal prices.
COVID 19 restrictions have had a severe impact on the implementation of sustainable WASH interventions, obliging partners to re programme or delay resilience focused activities, such as construction of new water infrastructures which had to be suspended or delayed as supply of construction items are delayed because of the current COVID 19 restrictions. Alternative options are being explored, to get materials locally and prioritise impactful activities which address chronic needs in highly vulnerable locations.
A total of 237 IDP sites have been identified as high risk sites that need to be decongested, covering close to 600,000 people. Access constraints could limit the ability to reach people living in hardto reach areas and areas controlled by non state actors.
In addition, evictees are exposed to other risks related to Sexual and Gender Based Violence and child protection, with vulnerable persons, especially women, older persons, persons with disabilities and persons with medical conditions, often adversely affected.
A reported 18 per cent of returnees currently live in IDP sites, a term used to describe settlements comprised of vulnerable IDPs, returnees and host community members, mainly in the Banadir region and Kismayo, Jubaland.
The distribution of emergency shelter and NFI kits has continued and been prioritised as life saving activities in the current context. Funding constraints have also affected this activity however, and partners who have not received funding yet have reduced their target during HRP revision.
Overall, the target for all Humanitarian Response Plan activities has been reduced because of several reasons. The construction of planned transitional and durable shelter has been temporarily suspended, as these activities require extensive community engagement and participation, which is not feasible currently because of the restrictions imposed due to the COVID 19 outbreak. Furthermore, these activities cannot be implemented in a short period of time without sustained access to the target population.
Many returnees choose not to return to their areas of origin, preferring to settle in urban areas. As a result, returnees suffer from limited access to basic services because the system is already overburdened due to a lack of funding to cover the needs of a rapidly growing urban population.
[ SHELTER & NON FOOD ITEMS  ( SNFI )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ] The main drivers of shelter & NFI LSGs were found to be Households without access to a safe and healthy housing enclosure unit 12% ) , Households whose shelter solutions do not meet agreed technical and performance standards  ( 54% ) , Households without access to vital household NFIs  ( 86% ) .
The Protection Cluster observed a decrease in the number of people reached in April, going down from 100,000 to 62,000. During May 2020, protection partners reached a total of 72,284 individuals  ( 45 per cent children, 55 per cent women and girls )  with protection information and services. This represents a significant increase  ( 16 per cent )  compared to April 2020, reflecting a gradually restored ability to reach people in need of services in the COVID 19 context, as well as strengthened awareness raising efforts  ( regarding risk communication ) .
Along with activity modifications, new activities and the scale up of critical services for extremely vulnerable children have also been required in response to COVID 19. These include the setup of helplines for case management and evictions, as well as establishing peer support groups through social media. RCCE activities, including child friendly messaging have also been up scaled, along with the distribution of PPEs to organisations who are carrying out remote case management for serious cases.
Somalia suffers from significant barriers to education and school enrolment. Only 30 per cent of children aged between 6 and 13 years are enrolled in primary education, and only 26 per cent of children aged 14 17 years in secondary education.
A secondary impact of COVID 19 is increased exposure of children to risks of abuse and psychosocial distress because of confinement.
( Humanitarian Response Plan suggests )  disease surveillance must be scaled up to test, investigate and trace contacts to contain the spread. Community engagement and risk communications is a critical element that also requires investment.
Limited access aggravated by the health related restrictions on movements for humanitarian personnel, can leave communities exposed to exclusion from humanitarian assistance, sexual exploitation and abuse.
As of May 2020, a total of 380,000 people has been reached with protection services and information, including 155,000 people by GBV partners, and about 28,000 by HLP partners. Child Protection partners reached a total 156,911 people including 91,191 children, with child protection services  ( child protection messaging, information sharing, PSS and case management )  across Somalia.
Urban centres which were already isolated through the presence of Al Shabab, were particularly affected by the suspension of internal flights, their only safe ways to bring commodities from outside.
COVID 19 control measures instituted by the government, including closure of schools including school feeding programmes, closure of children facilities and group activities have eroded children's sense of protection and community support. Child Protection partners have reported witnessing increased violence against children at home and by parents/ caregivers because of their own stress and anxiety as well as inability to provide for their families. There is also the increased risk of boys being recruited by armed actors due to redundancy.
The number of women and girls facing abuse, including sexual violence, has significantly increased due to the movement restrictions, as well as economic and social stresses induced by the COVID 19 pandemic. Intimate partner violence  ( IPV )  cases remained the highest GBV type reported across the country.
According to UNHCR data, 3.6 per cent of the total refugee and asylum seeker population have a serious medical condition and 1.8 per cent live with disabilities that require specialized medical care. Additionally, there are victims of torture, women at risk, older persons at risk as well as SGBV survivors who need specialized MHPSS services
( As a response ) Health services and capacity building activities were adjusted, providing new delivery modalities to maintain physical distancing and staff/public safety, along with a strategic shift to COVID 19 and flood response, while safely maintaining essential health services and targeted mobile outreach services.
The network facilitates access to information, coordination and interventions in hard to reach and inaccessible areas. UNICEF has also supported gender capacity strengthening through multiple training sessions for Clusters to ensure the drought preparedness and response is gender responsive and inclusive, including access to gender based violence  ( GBV )  services and psychosocial support to separated or unaccompanied children. UNICEF and partners engage with the Ministry of Humanitarian Affairs and Disaster Management  ( MoHADM )  on strengthening collaboration mechanisms for humanitarian response.
In line with the 2020 Somalia Humanitarian Response Plan  ( HRP ) , as well as the Centrality of Protection Strategy, UNICEF's priorities are to provide life saving services to address critical malnutrition and excess mortality, effectively respond to mounting protection threats and support resilience building and early recovery.
There were 40% higher cases of gender based violence  ( GBV )  this month when compared to the same period last year, portraying increased exposure of women and girls during COVID 19.
The infestation has been mostly confined to northern and central regions, causing significant damage to crop  ( cereals and vegetables )  and fruit trees, especially in Togdheer and Woqooyi Galbeed. The heavy 2020 gu season rainfall in April through mid May and hagaa/karan rains in JulySeptember however moderated the impact and replenished pasture and browse across most regions.
Family tracing and reunification services and family based care were delivered to 1,791 unaccompanied and separated children  ( UASC )  with 42% being reunified with their families in Puntland.  ( bY unicef )
Services to accelerate children's recovery from the experience of war and pave the way to community reintegration supported 605 children associated with armed forces or armed groups  ( CAAFAG )  with safe shelter in interim centres and vocational training.  ( By UNICEF )
The highest admissions are registered in Afgooye, Baidoa and Belet Weyne denoting the impact of the floods that have significantly affected riverine cropping areas of Middle Shabelle, Hiraan, Middle and Lower Juba. UNICEF has reached 600,000 pregnant and lactating women with appropriate infant and young child feeding  ( IYCF )  counselling since January
Compounding the impact of the floods, the desert locust plague, is showing signs of effecting the overall food security within the country .
The flooding was as a result of late Hagaa rains being heavier than in previous years resulting in breakages in riverbanks and damages to houses and farmlands with crops in Hirshabelle, South West and Jubaland states.
Whilst most of the people who were displaced in the flooding in July have since returned to their homes there were new areas flooded in August. The flood waters impacted the southern areas of Somalia with over 15,000 people displaced in Belet Weyne due to overbank spillage of water later in August.
SHF also continues to support COVID 19 related reprogramming requests from its partners. Thus far, 14 partners have reprogrammed $76,000 and requested no cost extensions thereby ensuring the continuity of ongoing responses in health, water, sanitation and hygiene  ( WASH )  and food security alongside the adoption of COVID 19 prevention techniques in line with cluster and Ministry of Health guidelines and standards
Response to the ongoing floods continue to be hampered by suboptimal funding. To support priority needs, the Somalia Humanitarian Fund  ( SHF )  Advisory Board has endorsed a US$9 million Reserve Allocation to the worst affected areas.
Child Protection Area of Responsibility partners' staff continued to raise awareness on child protection and COVID 19 risks with community leaders. clinical management of rape, psychosocial support, and legal aid remain the priority needs for GBV survivors.
Risk communication and community engagement has been strengthened through Camp Coordination and Camp Management Cluster partners, covering more than one million people  ( 42 per cent of 2.6 million IDPs )  since August. The Logistics Cluster has also transported over 34 tons of COVID 19 related cargo to various parts of the country.
According to community leaders, those affected have moved to higher grounds to escape the floodwaters that have submerged houses, damaged boreholes/wells, and destroyed farmlands. The flooding situation continues to affect access to food and livelihoods and is likely to disrupt planting and harvesting for an already food insecure population.
FAO and the Federal Government have surveyed 380,000 hectares between January and September in Somaliland, Puntland and Galmudug, and sprayed 73,097 hectares with bio pesticides.
[ SHELTER & NON FOOD ITEMS  ( SNFI )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  The highest percentage of households per SNFI LSG severity score, per population group for IDP settlement was 61% for extreme and lowest was 0% for no or minimal and stress. Similarly highest percentage of households per SNFI LSG severity score, per population group for Non IDP settlement was 53% for severe and lowest was 0% for no or minimal.
. An additional 2.5 million people are Stressed  ( IPC Phase 2 ) , bringing the total number of people experiencing acute food insecurity to 3.8 million.
In late August, Somaliland's lower house approved the Rape and Fornication Bill, which allows for child and forced marriage, criminalizes witchcraft and “false' reporting of rape, provides for the death penalty for same sex sexual relations, and includes an unacceptable definition of rape that excludes the possibility of rape within marriage and does not take into account consent. At time of writing, the bill was pending for upper house review.
Authorities in Baidoa announced a moratorium on forced evictions in order to mitigate the impact of Covid 19. As of September, 65,677 displaced were evicted in Mogadishu alone, two thirds of the total number recorded in the country.
Restrictions imposed by the government to limit the spread of the pandemic, including restrictions on movement and measures to ease congestion, along with price hikes and reduced remittance flows, further limited access to livelihoods and health care for displaced communities.
Flooding contributed to an uptake in acute watery diarrhoea and cholera and a deterioration in food insecurity. As of September, 3.8 million people faced acute food insecurity.
[ EDUCATION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  The highest percentage of households per Education LSG severity score, per population group for IDP settlement was 89% for severe and lowest was 3% for stress. Similarly highest percentage of households per Education LSG severity score, per population group for Non IDP settlement was 89% for severe and lowest was 1% for stress.
The three main access roads to Xaafuun, Kalaale,Jaceel and Foocaar roads were destroyed, while access to Karduush and Hurdiye by road is a challenge as the roads are impassable due to deluge. The water supply infrastructure to Xaafuun, Gumbax, Foocaar, Dardaare, Garan are functioning except Baarmadowe water supply system which needs some repairs.
The cost response for the Food Security Cluster has reduced to US$345.4M from US$383.8M. This is due to the removal of IPC 2 and below, as well as the consideration of hard to reach areas.
[ PROTECTION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  The highest percentage of households per Protection LSG severity score, per population group for IDP settlement was 76% for stress and lowest was 4% for extreme+. Similarly highest percentage of households per Protection LSG severity score, per population group for Non IDP settlement was 72% for stress and lowest was 3% for extreme+.
According to the assessments teams, the affected communities are requesting support that will enable them to revive their livelihoods in the shortest time possible and avoid dependence on aid. The livelihood and medium term support needed includes rehabilitation of the livestock and fisheries sectors, repair of damaged schools, repair of damaged houses, restocking of lost animals and rehabilitation of damaged water systems.
According to FAO's Somalia Water and Land Information Management  ( FAO SWALIM ) , Cyclone Gati caused some increase of rainfall amounts in parts of Somaliland and Puntland with some stations like Bossaso recording as high as 128 mm, surpassing its annual average rainfall  ( 50mm )  in just a single day on 23 November 2020. With the cyclone dissipated, hot and dry conditions will persist in Somaliland and Puntland as the Deyr rainy season comes to an end. The forecast for the southern regions points to scattered light rains except for Lower Juba which is projected to receive moderate rains.
Initial reports from areas accessed by a HADMA/OCHA led assessment team in Xaafuun, Baargaal, Gumbax, Hurdiye and Karduush, Dul Xaafun and Dardaare indicate that the Gati cyclone displaced about 21,360 people in those areas, 78 per cent of whom are from pastoralist and fishing communities
For the month of September, UNICEF implementing partners recorded a general increase in health service utilisation with an uptake of first out patient clinic  ( OPD )  consultations increased by 9 per cent in comparison to August  ( 80,286 vs 73,340 )  consultations. Antenatal care  ( ANC )  1 consultations increased by 16 per cent, ANC4 by 3 per cent, deliveries by 12 per cent and Penta 1 vaccinations by 8 per cent in September compared to August.
In September the measles and polio vaccination campaign, which was started in August continued, targeting children under 5 years of age. The campaign aims to reduce the occurrence of measles outbreaks in Somalia.
Half of all non IDP households reported limited access to primary or secondary healthcare facilities and services. This is attributed to the high cost of services and medicines, the lack of qualified health staff at health facilities, and the distance to treatment centres. About 36 per cent of non IDP households must travel more than 30 minutes to reach a hospital, with 12 per cent travelling over 1 hour to access health services. The vast majority of non IDPs access medical care by foot.
Notwithstanding improvements made over the past decade, nearly 1 in 5 children show signs of chronic malnutrition in Somalia, and 1 in 10 are acutely malnourished.
Need for farm tools/inputs for people whose farms were affected along the Kismayo/Jamaame road )  more than 1,000 households who were displaced along the Juba river in Lower Juba need support in the reestablishment of their livelihoods while another 9,000 households were also affected and need farm tools infrastructure repair and seeds.
Nearly 64,000 out of 97,700 flood affected people in Balcad, Jowhar and Mahaday districts are in urgent need of food, shelter/NFIs, WASH, Health and Protection services. Rehabilitation of the damaged river embankments and additional sandbags are highly needed. Mosquito nets are critically needed.
Despite planned assistance in Marka and Wanla Weyn districts, up to 7,000 displaced families need hygiene kits; more than 10,000 need clean water and emergency shelter support; 3,700 need food assistance.
Since 5 July, flash floods have affected 131,000 people in Afgooye, Marka and Wanla Weyn districts in Lower Shabelle region. In Doolow, Jubaland State, the river level was at 4.80 meters as of 16 August, just 0.2 metres below the high risk flooding level of 5.0 meters.
On 10 August, the Marka district administration requested for further humanitarian assistance to flood affected families in Janaale. Responding to the call from authorities, WFP plans to assist 4,200 households with food assistance while stabilisation actors have distributed 5,000 sandbags, 3,000 bars of soap and 45 cartons of water purification tablets.
As of 24 August, partners report that the sites lack a functional health centre, WASH facilities and are infested by mosquitoes. The IDPs are also in urgent need of food, WASH, health, emergency shelter and non food items  ( NFIs )  assistance.
Awareness raising of mothers, caregivers and community on how to protect themselves, others and children from COVID 19 has also taken place; there is a recognition that further social mobilisation is required.
Recent months have seen the expansion of safety nets programming in Somalia with the roll out of the Government led safety net for human capital  ( e.g. World Bank supported Baxnaano social safety net program )  and planned shock  ( locusts and other shocks )  responsive safety nets from different development partners. The Cash Working Group is working with the Donor Working Group – Technical Assistance Facility to map and overlay safety nets with ongoing multi purpose cash assistance to improve coordination and avoid overlaps.
In terms of other needs, one of the major requirement and constraint is the lack of protective equipment for the front line nutrition workforce, despite the key modification in the revision of HRP that was directed towards RCCE and also to improve awareness raising and social mobilization component to prevent spread of COVID 19.
Higher than usual rainfall in northern Somalia will continue to cause favourable conditions for locusts to breed, thus increasing the numbers of swarms even with control measures being undertaken. In this scenario around 75,000 pastoralist and agro pastoralist will be affected by swarms of Desert Locusts in 2021, an estimation that is already included in the IPC projected data and reflects the same amount of people affected in 2020.
Some partners have also negotiated with donors to modify conditional cash payments into unconditional payments. A loan fund facility is up and running, giving out no interest loans and the Somalia Cash Consortium instituted a call center to register people in need of cash assistance, with over 3,000 people having already registered and received their first cash transfer. Vocational training for returnees has also been moved online.
Cash and Voucher Assitance using mobile money platforms has become more common in Somalia and is now considered a preferred method for money transfer, allowing for humanitarian intervention to use this system for cash and voucher programming. A number of partners, such as IOM , UNHCR and COOPI, have re purposed funding to respond to COVID 19 by taking this paperless approach and one which requires less face to face contact, to mitigate potential exposure to the virus. Some partners like WFP, have front loaded payments for 2 months in advance, for those most vulnerable, in order for people to stock up on essential items.
In response to COVID 19, the Cash Working Group developed a guidance note to help Cash and Voucher Assistance practitioners in Somalia. The note explores different ways to mitigate the spread and impact of COVID 19 through ongoing CVA, informs on the adaption of CVA programming in the context of COVID 19, and explores ways in which CVA can contribute to early measures to address the impact of COVID19.
IDPs, refugees and asylum seekers are still amongst the highest recipients of Cash Voucher Assistance  ( CVA ) , as casual labour, such as porters and construction work which are common revenues sources for IDP populations have been suspended as a result of COVID 19.
.Vulnerabilities in some areas have been further exacerbated due to the triple threat of COVID 19, locusts and floods. IDPs, the elderly, people with disabilities and women and girls remain the most exposed to risks, due to a lack of social support systems, inadequate housing and multiple other barriers faced. UNHCR has recognised that people movements have been suspended.
Multi Purpose Cash Assistance continues to be an effective conduit to aid displaced populations, supporting dignified assistance and value for money
The overall requirements of the Health Cluster increased from $85 million to $103 million, due to essential COVID 19 related health activities required to respond to the pandemic and mitigate its spread. Health response costs are significant due to the need to provide safety to health staff and patients; to establish specific isolation facilities, including at point of entry; and significantly improve infection control in HCFs.
Multiple shocks such as desert locusts, flooding, COVID 19 and impact of previous shocks contributed for the reported increase of acute food insecurity.
[ PRE EXISTING VULNERABILITIES ]  82% households reporting having been displaced for longer than one year
[ General household information ] Two most commonly reported preferred sources through to receive information about COVID 19 were Word of mouth  ( 46% )  and Radio classes  ( 45% ) .
[ PRE EXISTING VULNERABILITIES ]  88% households reporting not having any working household members
The COVID 19 crisis needs a dedicated response to address the impacts of new challenges, as e.g. related to social distancing, closure of service and productive facilities and disturbances in the global market. However, the crisis also amplifies pre existing vulnerabilities in Somalia including weak institutional capacities; limited diversification of the economy; low levels of integration in the global economy combined with high levels of dependency on imports in some sectors; high exposure to climatic shocks  ( floods and droughts ) ; locust infestation; and high levels of inequality in society.
Malnutrition rates serious enough to require intervention remain above emergency levels affecting nearly a million children. COVID 19 intensifies both mortality and morbidity related to malnutrition, resulting in both more cases of acute malnutrition and in more deaths from a variety of causes.
Households classified in stressed food security phase  ( IPC 2 )  have only minimal adequate food consumption but are unable to afford some essential non food expenditures without engaging in stress coping strategies. When people in IPC 2 are neglected and/or insufficient level and type of support is provided, a large proportion of them slide into worse food security phases: this happened in 2011 and 2017. The high vulnerability of Somali people in IPC 2, combined with myriad shocks, means households facing stressed food security need development opportunities, improved access to services, protection and creation of livelihood assets, seasonal livelihood inputs, and social safety nets. This demands a two pronged approach: addressing underlying causes while meeting short term and immediate needs, including through safety nets
Overall, current funding levels for humanitarian interventions and activities cannot meet the actual needs on the ground, with 5.2 million people still in need of humanitarian assistance. Donors are urged to generously contribute to sustain response efforts as the humanitarian situation continues to deteriorate.
“With this donation, hospital capacity will be strengthened to save lives, protect its workers and provide better healthcare to those in critical conditions due to the virus,' said H.E Dr. Fawziya Abikar Nur, Minister for Health and Human Services.
In 2020, the Desert Locust upsurge was mostly confined to northern and central Somalia, causing damage to crops, fruit trees and pasture, and spreading to the south late in the year.
IOM is supporting the Government in trying to minimize transmission, and mitigate the impact of the outbreak, including its social and economic impact, along migratory routes.
On 11 March 2020, WHO declared COVID 19 a pandemic. First confirmed case in Somalia on 16 March 20202 followed by suspension of all international flights. Domestic flights resumed on 5 July 2020.
[ PRE EXISTING VULNERABILITIES ]  1% households with at least one member having lost employment in the three months prior to data collection
Drought conditions will most likely occur in early to mid 2021, due to decreased rainfall in the 2020 Deyr season as well as potentially the 2021 Gu season, potentially affecting crop production of both seasons.
The 2020 Deyr floods come at a time when aid workers are responding to the impact of the COVID 19 pandemic across the country, a desert locust invasion mainly in the northern regions and a residual caseload affected by the riverine and flash floods from the Hagaa rainfall season  ( June to September ) . This is likely to impact response capacity and resources.
High risk of flooding is foreseen along the Shabelle during this week  ( September 2020 )  . It is advisable that riverine communities within low lying areas of Belet Weyne who have not evacuated yet to do so, while following guidelines by the local authorities.
In Baidoa, about 80 per cent of the IDPs shelters are of make shift nature are likely to be affected if the rains intensify. Deyr rains in Baidoa town have to date affected some 12,690 IDPs, displacing the families from 33 IDP settlements in Hanano 2, ADC and Towfiiq zones.
Given the fragile levels of food security in the country, climatic shocks including drought and floods are very likely to have a devastating impact well beyond the beginning of 2021.
[ General household information ]  The most commonly reported reasons for not taking action on COVID 19 were do not know how to prevent COVID 19  ( 49% ) , COVID 19 is not prevalent in the area  ( 27% ) .
[ PROTECTION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  17% of IDP settlement and 5% of non  IDP settlement were with a protection LSG
[ Accountability to Affected Populations ]  32% of households reported having at least one member who could not read or write.
The task force has reached 10.9 million people including 1 million IDPs in 867 sites, using different educative platforms such as information, education and communication materials, SMS messages, TV and radio broadcasts, as well as community level interventions such as public addresses and household visits to scale up public sensitisation. The RCCE activities involve frontline workers and community opinion leaders.
[ Specific locations assessed Baidoa, Mogadishu, Galkayo ] ' In fact, a majority of households  ( 71% )  reportedly pay for water, with 39% paying less than US$10/month. However, half of those paying  ( 56% )  have also reported that prices have increased. Three quarters of households  ( 73% )  reported not treating their water. The most commonly reported methods buy households for treating water were chlorine  ( 13% )  and boiling  ( 9% ) . Jerry cans were reportedly used to store water by over two thirds of households  ( 70% )  and water tanks were less commonly reported at one third  ( 33% ) .
While health partners have deployed rapid response teams  ( RRTs )  in areas with a high concentration of IDPs, and disinfection and information campaigns are ongoing, there is still concern that ample testing is not occurring at the IDP sitelevel with various barriers preventing certain populations from accessing primary health facilities outside of sites.
[ Specific locations assessed Baidoa, Mogadishu, Galkayo ] ' According to the JMCNA data, over six million people reportedly access water of insufficient quality. Indeed, just over half of households  ( 51% )  reported accessing an improved primary water source, while 43% reported using an unimproved source and 6% rely on surface water.
[ Specific locations assessed Baidoa, Mogadishu, Galkayo ] ' A significant share of the population of Somalia reportedly does not have reliable access to safe drinking water: over four million people were reportedly found to be without a sufficient quantity of water.
[ SHELTER & NON FOOD ITEMS  ( SNFI )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  97% of IDP settlement and 81% of non IDP settlement households found with a Shelter and non food items Living Standard Gaps  ( LSG ) .
[ Accountability to Affected Populations ]  15% of households reported having experienced barriers in accessing aid in the 30 days prior to data collection. Among those households, the most commonly reported barriers were lack of information  ( 78% ) , exclusion by camp managers/gatekeepers  ( 22% ) , physically unable to access points of aid distribution  ( 12% ) .
[ WATER, SANITATION & HYGIENE  ( WASH )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Most commonly reported coping mechanisms used to deal with limited availability of water by household of Non  IDP settlement were Rely on less preferred  ( unimproved/untreated )  water sources for drinking water  ( 15% ) , Rely on surface water for drinking water  ( 15% ) .