nlp-thedeep/humsetbias huggingface dataset:
All ten states have conducted the Feb round of mOPV2 campaign however 7 counties are yet to start as of 1st March 2021. Preliminary data shows a total of 1,424,215 children reached, and 90% of the caregivers were aware of the Polio campaign.
• Key messages on Hepatitis E virus prevention should continue within the community through HPs, CHWs and Kondial Radio
Nutrition partners established two static outpatients therapeutic Programme  ( OTPs )  and two mobile nutrition units in Akobo where 5 000 children and pregnant mothers were screened and offered treatment and preventive packages for severe acute malnutrition and moderate acute malnutrition.
WFP adjusts the monthly transfer values of CBT programmes to respond to market fluctuations. For instance, the monthly transfer values increased in Mingkaman by 46 percent in October. To optimize existing resources, cash for milling and cash for salt programmes were suspended. Furthermore, spikes in prices of basic food commodities have increased the economic vulnerability of market dependent households, especially in urban centres, increasing the need for humanitarian food assistance.
The fall in informal trade was more dramatic as COVID 19 containment measures affected border movement. Uganda authorities started collecting data on informal cross border trade in 2007. The survey collects information on transactions in goods between residents and non residents of Uganda that are not documented in the official customs clearance system and therefore are not included in the official trade statistics of the country. Bank of Uganda data show that informal cross border trade fell by 97% and did not immediately recover in the months that followed  ( at the time of writing, data was only available up to July 2020 ) . Informal cross border trade usually involves goods carried in small quantities across the border on foot, bicycle, motorbike, passenger car, and bus, and is a major livelihood source in border towns.
Reduced rations are a persistent characteristic of the South Sudan food and nutrition programme because of resource constraints with over 80 percent of beneficiaries receiving 50 percent or less rations. Under normal circumstances, households supplement reduced rations with food they cultivate. However, this year's widespread destruction, just before the annual harvest period, had washed away fields and killed livestock, worsening an already fragile situation
WFP offices across South Sudan have been participating in local efforts to mark the 16 Days of Activism Against Gender Based Violence which concluded on 10 December 2020. Due to COVID19 this year's events were scaled down to minimise in person gatherings.
Over the last two weeks, through Rapid Response teams, WFP completed General Food Assistance  ( GFA )  distributions for 51,850 people, including 14,200 children under five, in Leer and Mayendit counties, Unity, and Uror county, Jonglei.
The Integrated Food Security Phase Classification  ( IPC )  update, released by the Government of the Republic of South Sudan, on Friday 18 December, estimates that 7.24 million people  ( 60 percent of the population )  will face severe food insecurity at the height of the 2021 lean season. WFP calls for urgent and coordinated action to address the multiple factors affecting food security and nutrition outcomes.
( UNMISS and OHCHR make the following recommendations  )  To the international community: Protect the human rights of persons living in Jonglei in particular by taking the necessary measures to prevent armed violence in Jonglei and GPAA.
Over the reporting period, transport of 183 mt of Food Security, General Operations, General Program, Health, Logistics, Nutrition, Shelter and WASH cargo to 12 locations was facilitated on behalf of 28 organizations.
( UNMISS and OHCHR make the following recommendations  )  To the Government of South Sudan:Finalize the establishment of local administrative and legislative structures in Jonglei and GPAA, in accordance with R ARCSS, to roll out the rule of law and lead local reconciliation and peace initiatives.
( UNMISS and OHCHR make the following recommendations  )  To the Government of South Sudan: Release the report of the High Level Committee established by President Salva Kiir in June 2020 to address the root causes of violence in Jonglei and GPAA.
( UNMISS and OHCHR make the following recommendations  )  To the Government of South Sudan:Take measures to secure state owned firearms and ammunition in effectively managed storage facilities to prevent theft, as recommended by the South Sudan Bureau for Community Security and Small Arms Control35; and in particular ensure that members of the security forces are not able to supply weapons from Government stocks to community based militias.
( UNMISS and OHCHR make the following recommendations  )  To the Government of South Sudan: • Conduct a prompt, effective, independent and impartial investigation into all allegations of violations and abuses of international human rights law in Jonglei and GPAA; and hold to account all individuals at the local and national levels who instigated and/or took part in these violations and abuses.
HRD's investigation identified three distinct phases of armed violence involving Dinka, Nuer and Murle community based militias between January and August 2020, which had devastating consequences for local populations in Jonglei and GPAA.
Of the counties in IPC AMN ( Acutre Malnutrition )  Phase 4  ( Critical ) , nearly 80% are in Greater Upper Nile followed by Greater Bahr el Ghazal. Counties in Jonglei  ( 82% ) , Upper Nile  ( 75% ) , Unity  ( 56% ) , and Warrap  ( 50% )  states and parts of Northern Bahr el Ghazal  ( 20% ) , Eastern Equatoria  ( 13% ) , and Lakes  ( 13% )  states are are in IPC AMN Phase 4  ( Critical ) . Compared to the same season of 2019, the situation in 2020 shows a worsening nutrition situation.
The cluster has identified a new partner to support response scale up with mobile health outreach.  ( Situation Report No. 3, as of 26 February 2021 )
Oral Cholera Vaccines  ( OCV )  campaign in Pibor  ( 1st round )  started on 16th January 2021 targeting 93, 250 people one year and above. Total of 86, 313  ( 92,5% coverage )  individuals were vaccinated against cholera in Pibor, Lekuangule, Verteth and Gumuruk.
The polio outbreak was declared on the 18th of Sept 2020 and currently, 47 AFP cases have been confirmed positive for cVDPV2.
The outbreak prevention measures by various partners and programs are ongoing as well. The ongoing oral cholera vaccine  ( OCV )  campaign targeting 93 250 people in Pibor, Gumuruk, Verteth, and Lekuangule ended on 21 February 2021. During the campaign, 59,001 individuals received their second OCV dose and another 37,316 individuals received their second OCV dose.
A second round of food distribution to 42,850 food insecure people in eight locations in Aweil South County commenced on 6 February 2021.
3.Melut IDP sites: IRNA  ( 12 – 13 Jan ) ; 2,000 flood IDPs
( UNMISS and OHCHR make the following recommendations  )  Urge the leaders of Dinka, Nuer and Murle community based militias to respect human rights, as well as immediately release all women and children abducted during armed violence in Jonglei and GPAA.
( UNMISS and OHCHR make the following recommendations  )  Invite the international community, including the South Sudan Multi Partner Trust Fund for Reconciliation, Stabilization and Resilience, to continue supporting national and local led reconciliation initiatives in a coordinated and complementary manner to effectively address the root causes of armed violence in Jonglei and GPAA.
( UNMISS and OHCHR make the following recommendations  )  Take measures to secure state owned firearms and ammunition in effectively managed storage facilities to prevent theft, as recommended by the South Sudan Bureau for Community Security and Small Arms Control3 ; and in particular ensure that members of the security forces are not able to supply weapons from Government stocks to community based militias.
About 1.4 million children under five years are expected to suffer from acute malnutrition in 2021 based on same season historical data of food security and nutrition monitoring system, SMART nutrition surveys and admission trends for 2020. The estimation of this caseload was based on the peak lean season historical data that provides a higher caseload for better informed response planning.
Of the counties in IPC AMN  ( Acutre Malnutrition )  Phase 4  ( Critical ) , nearly 80% are in Greater Upper Nile followed by Greater Bahr el Ghazal. Counties in Jonglei  ( 82% ) , Upper Nile  ( 75% ) , Unity  ( 56% ) , and Warrap  ( 50% )  states and parts of Northern Bahr el Ghazal  ( 20% ) , Eastern Equatoria  ( 13% ) , and Lakes  ( 13% )  states are are in IPC AMN Phase 4  ( Critical ) . Compared to the same season of 2019, the situation in 2020 shows a worsening nutrition situation.
Continued implementation of the peace agreement and addressing the root causes of insecurity especially across Jonglei, Lakes, Warrap, and parts of Central Equatoria State.
Humanitarian food assistance must be scaled up immediately to save lives and prevent total collapse of livelihoods in locations where populations were classified in Catastrophe  ( IPC Phase 5 )  and Emergency  ( IPC Phase 4 ) . Furthermore, partners should collect food security, nutrition, and mortality data in the most affected locations to verify the situation in these areas.
The COVID 19 pandemic, floods in Jonglei and heightened inter communal conflict were shocks that tremendously impacted access to nutrition services in the country.
The key drivers of food insecurity are low crop production caused by prolonged dry spells, crop pests and diseases, and shortage of seeds and agricultural tools; the COVID 19 restrictions and insecurity along the border that are likely to disrupt the trade supply routes and lead to high food prices; reduced access to livestock products as animals migrate in search of water and pasture; the economic crisis and the resultant erosion of household purchasing power. However, some households will continue to have access to stocks from the previous harvests, some of which they can sell in markets for income to diversify their diets.
Decreased road access also affected access to markets and services. However, the start of the harvest season mitigated some of the food insecurity by increasing food availability and causing market prices to decline. Cattle that were near homesteads also enabled households to access livestock products such as milk, and receding flood waters increased access to fish.
Due to COVID 19 prevention and control measures, households experienced reduced incomes, and associated supply chain disruptions led to markets not restocking on time, high food prices and reduced access to credit facilities.
Between December 2020 and March 2021, the food security situation is expected to improve with an estimated 496,000 people  ( 42.1% of the population )  likely to be in Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  or worse acute food insecurity, of which 384,000 people will likely be in Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  acute food insecurity, and 112,000 people will likely be in Emergency  ( IPC Phase 4 )  acute food insecurity.
During this period, all counties are classified in Emergency  ( IPC Phase 4 )  acute food insecurity, except for Twic County which is classified in Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  acute food insecurity.
Between December 2020 and March 2021, the food security situation slightly improves and an estimated 647,000 people  ( 51.2% of the population )  are likely to be in Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  or worse acute food insecurity, of which 417,000 people will likely be in Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  acute food insecurity, and 230,000 people will likely be in Emergency  ( IPC Phase 4 )  acute food insecurity.
The drivers of food insecurity in Warrap State were high food prices in the face of reduced household income, prolonged dry spells that affected crop and availability of pasture for livestock, and insecurity and flooding incidents. Insecurity disrupted agricultural activities, leading to the loss of livestock and other assets, restricted physical movement, and access to markets, and disrupted market functionality.
Based on findings of people's food security and nutrition projections for 2021 reflected in the reports released in midDecember, humanitarian organizations in South Sudan commenced a scale up of lifesaving operations.
Based on findings identified by clusters, an estimated US$68.5 million will be required to respond to critical gaps to meet the affected populations' needs across 10 counties under “Priority 1' and “Priority 2'. These priority counties are the most food insecure according to the recent IPC report.
Resource constraints limit the humanitarian community's ability to respond. Resources committed to the ongoing flood response are now being diverted to scale up in the areas of most severe acute food insecurity.
Between December 2020 and March 2021, the food security situation is expected to seasonally improve with an estimated 190,000 people  ( 29.4% of the population )  likely to be in Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  or worse acute food insecurity, of which 153,000 people will likely be in Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  acute food insecurity, and 37,000 people will likely be in Emergency  ( IPC Phase 4 )  acute food insecurity.
Other shocks included prolonged dry spells and irregular rains, crop pests and diseases, insecurity, and crime. However, during this period, the seasonal harvests were available to most households through their own production and in the markets. Households could also access market goods by selling their own produce, wild foods, and other natural resources such as firewood and building poles.
Measures put in place to limit the spread of COVID 19 also had a negative impact on trade and the flow of goods to markets, as well as disrupted livelihoods and impacted negatively on incomes of the affected households.
The food insecurity was attributed to typical seasonal factors such as depletion of stocks just before the harvests, and the macroeconomic shocks which led to increased market prices and reduced household purchasing power.
In October and November 2020, an estimated 268,000 people  ( 41.4% of the population )  faced Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  or worse acute food insecurity, of which 199,000 people were in Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  acute food insecurity, and 69,000 people were in Emergency  ( IPC Phase 4 )  acute food insecurity. During this period, all the counties were classified in Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  acute food insecurity.
In the second projection period of April to July 2021, the situation is expected to seasonally deteriorate and an estimated 2.37 million  ( 59.2% of the total population in the region )  will likely be in Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  or worse acute food insecurity.
The effects of the economic crisis, currency devaluation and COVID 19 measures are also likely to contribute to household food insecurity. Access to clean water is expected to reduce and water borne diseases are likely to increase as the rainy season starts. However, the situation is expected to improve towards the end of this period as the first harvest becomes available in June/July.
Mundri East, Mundri West, Mvolo and Nagero counties are expected to be classified in Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  acute food insecurity, while the remaining counties will be classified in Stressed  ( IPC Phase 2 )  acute food insecurity. Physical access to food will be difficult as some of the feeder roads will become impassable because of the rains, thus hindering trade flows to some of the markets.
From April to July 2021, the food security situation is expected to deteriorate as the lean season progresses and households' food stock start to get depleted and reliance on the markets increases. During this period, an estimated 123,000 people  ( 13.5% of the population )  are likely to face Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  or worse acute food insecurity, of which 94,000 people will likely be in Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  acute food insecurity, and 29,000 people will likely be in Emergency  ( IPC Phase 4 )  acute food insecurity.
The improved food security situation is because of increased food availability from the main harvest, access to fish and decreased morbidity. Also, with the dry season, market functionality and access will improve, with prices of staple commodities reducing seasonally.
From December 2020 to March 2021, the food security situation is expected to improve following the second harvest.
Humanitarian operational space has also been significantly challenged and restricted due to the recent conflicts. Looting and destruction of humanitarian supplies, loss of humanitarian lives  ( clarify what they mean )  and the inability to guarantee safe operational space has resulted in necessary suspension and delays of humanitarian assistance which is, for many, already affected by serious food and nutrition insecurity a critical source of coping.
WFP and WHO, are co leads of the Operational Support and Logistics Pillar of the National Response Plan. Following the arrival of South Sudan Humanitarian Fund  ( SSHF )  funded COVID 19 Personal Protective Equipment  ( PPE )  items, WFP and WHO re launched the PPE Common Request System, aiming at consolidating requests of in country COVID 19 PPE items.
As of 26 February  ( 2021 ) , Marial Luo, IDPs settlements in Tonj North payams and Akop remained inaccessible cutting off about 50,000 people from lifesaving assistance.
UNICEF supported construction works to complete the water supply systems for urban and peri urban communities in Juba.
Nearly 4 million people remain displaced: 1.5 million internally and 2.2 million as refugees in neighbouring countries
WFP requires USD 548.9 million to sustain operations through the next six months  ( November 2019 April 2020 ) .
From April to July 2021, the food security situation is expected to deteriorate as the lean season progresses, with an estimated 507,000 people  ( 46.2% of the population )  likely to be in Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  or worse acute food insecurity, of which 367,000 people are likely to be in Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 ) , and 140,000 people are likely to be in Emergency  ( IPC Phase 4 )  acute food insecurity.
During this period, all counties were classified in Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  acute food insecurity, except for Ezo, Maridi, and Tambura counties which were classified in Stressed  ( IPC Phase 2 )  acute food insecurity.
Given the below average harvest in some areas because of floods and dry spells, the lean season is expected to start earlier than normal.
In October to November 2020, an estimated 457,000 people  ( 41.6% of the population )  faced Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  or worse acute food insecurity, of which 348,000 people were in Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  acute food insecurity, and 109,000 people were in Emergency  ( IPC Phase 4 )  acute food insecurity.
Various reports confirm that the price of locally made, white wheat bread  ( the staple food for most urban South Sudanese )  skyrocketed overnight from South Sudanese Pound 30 per piece to SSP 50 per piece, an increase of 66 percent, and remained there even after inflation reduced. The pump prices increased significantly from 300 SSP per litre to 370 SSP per litre – an increase of 23 percent.
From April to July 2021, deterioration in the food security situation is expected with an estimated 778,000 people  ( 51.6% of the population )  likely to be in Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  or worse acute insecurity, of which 551,000 people will likely be in Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  acute food insecurity, and 227,000 people will likely be in Emergency  ( IPC Phase 4 )  acute food insecurity.
Between December 2020 and March 2021, an estimated 421,000 people  ( 27.9% of the population )  are likely to be in Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  or worse acute food insecurity, of which 355,000 people are likely to be in Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  acute food insecurity, and 66,000 people are in likely to be in Emergency  ( IPC Phase 4 )  acute food insecurity.
In Central Equatoria State, an estimated 686,000 people  ( 45.5% of the State population )  faced Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  or worse acute food insecurity during the October to November 2020 post harvest period, of which 480,000 people were in Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  acute food insecurity, and 206,000 people were in Emergency  ( IPC Phase 4 )  acute food insecurity.
Insecurity is expected to continue in parts of the region. However, vegetables and some harvests will become available in the second half of the second projection. Access to livestock products is also expected to improve mainly in semi arid pastoral areas of Eastern Equatoria where livestock are expected to return from the dry season grazing areas following the start of the rains.
Factors to monitor through the projected period include inter communal conflict and cattle raiding; market price trends; returnee movements and how this might affect sharing of community resources in their places of origin; and the rainy season performance and associated risks of flooding.
The effects of COVID 19, the economic crisis, currency devaluation and reduced market access and functionality because of the rainy season are also expected to play a role in the deterioration of the food security situation. Incidents of insecurity related to inter communal violence and cattle raiding between Leer and Guit communities are likely to be experienced during this period, further contributing to the projected severe acute food insecurity.
With the onset of the dry season, market access and functionality are also expected to improve, even as harvests find their way into the markets and lead to some drop in the prices of staples. However, for the severely food insecure households, their dire food security situation is attributed to low crop production because of flooding events during the agricultural season, the continued effects of COVID 19 on their livelihoods and incomes, the ongoing economic crisis and currency devaluation that continues to erode their purchasing power, and limited access to milk and wild foods.
The improvement in the food security situation early in the period is largely attributed to availability of harvests, fish, and livestock products such as milk before the animals migrate in search of pasture and water.
Some of the less severely food insecure population however had access to humanitarian food assistance, wild foods, milk, and fish.
All counties were classified in Emergency  ( IPC phase 4 )  acute food insecurity, except for Koch, Leer and Pariang which were classified in Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  acute food insecurity.
During this period, Fashoda, Ulang, Nasir and Maiwut counties are projected to be classified in Emergency  ( IPC Phase 4 )  acute food insecurity, whereas the rest of the counties are projected to be in Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  acute food insecurity.
In Ulang County, the food insecurity was driven by reduced employment and income of household members, illnesses, unusually high food prices, livestock disease outbreaks, floods destroying crops and shelters and incidences of insecurity.
During the South Sudan Humanitarian fund Advisory Board, the Humanitarian Coordinator identified six counties facing the worst food insecurity, giving them priority consideration for humanitarian assistance
In October to November 2020, an estimated 2.93 million people  ( 64.6% of the population in Greater Upper Nile region )  faced Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  or worse acute food insecurity. Furthermore, all counties were in Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  or Emergency  ( IPC Phase 4 )  acute food insecurity classification.
Since 15 January, the Logistics Cluster has coordinated three road humanitarian convoys towards the Western Corridor – Kajo Keji and Yambio – enabling the transportation of approximately 1,400 mt of humanitarian cargo.  The Logistics Cluster continues to advocate to partners for cargo prepositioning ahead of the rainy season when roads are mostly accessible
WFP and WHO, through the Logistics Cluster – as co leads of the Operational Support and Logistics Pillar of the National COVID 19 Response Plan – continue to coordinate requests for provision and transport of personal protective equipment  ( PPE )  from humanitarian organisations working across South Sudan.
WFP and its implementing partners are working with communities to identify bomas and households previously supported through General Food Distribution  ( GFD )  who are willing and interested to participate.
During this period, Morobo, Kajo Keji and Terekeka were classified in Emergency  ( IPC Phase 4 )  acute food insecurity, whereas Juba, Lainya and Yei counties were classified in Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  acute food insecurity.
During this period, an estimated 920,000 people  ( 26.1% of Greater Equatoria Region's population )  are likely to be in Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  or worse acute food insecurity.
In October to November 2020, an estimated 704,000 people  ( 64.2% of the population )  faced Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  or worse acute food insecurity, of which 500,000 people were in Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  acute food insecurity, and 204,000 people were in Emergency  ( IPC Phase 4 )  acute food insecurity.
The impacts of COVID 19 are also expected to continue, and this will likely further affect the functionality of markets and affect some livelihoods that households depend on, resulting in a reduction of income.
The food insecurity situation is driven by depleted stocks, high food prices, and a reduction in the availability of livestock products as cattle move away from homesteads in search of water and pasture.
Maiwut County was affected by both long dry spells and episodes of flooding, coupled with livestock and crop pests and diseases, low asset ownership and high food prices in poorly functioning markets.
Between October and November 2020, a typical harvest / post harvest period in the State, an estimated 847,000 people,  ( 58.0% of the population )  faced Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  or worse acute food insecurity, of which 612,000 people were in Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  acute food insecurity, and 235,000 people were in Emergency  ( IPC Phase 4 )  acute food insecurity.
What would normally be a post harvest period is likely to see an early start to the lean season due to the conflict and flood driven low crop production and associated earlier than normal exhaustion of cereal stocks and without the compensatory effects of livestock products due to animal losses and flood induced morbidities.
In the other counties, the food security situation is also expected to worsen, with six counties having more than 80% of their population in Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  or worse acute food insecurity conditions.
The nine counties of Akobo, Ayod, Bor South, Canal/ Pigi, Duk, Fangak, Nyirol, Pibor and Twic East were classified in Emergency  ( IPC Phase 4 )  acute food insecurity, whereas Pochalla and Uror counties were classified in Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  acute food insecurity.
A total of 45 counties are classified in Emergency  ( IPC Phase 4 ) , 27 are classified in Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  and 6 are classified in Stressed  ( IPC Phase 2 ) .
With the planned levels of HFA, 0.1% of the population  ( about 11,000 people )  will likely be in Catastrophe  ( IPC Phase 5 )  acute food insecurity in Pibor County in Pibor Administrative Area; 14.8% of the population  ( about 1.78 million people )  will likely be in Emergency  ( IPC Phase 4 )  acute food insecurity; and 33.4% of the population  ( about 4.02 million people )  will likely be in Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  acute food insecurity.
A total of 34 counties were classified in Emergency  ( IPC Phase 4 )  acute food insecurity, 41 were classified in Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  acute food insecurity, and 3 were classified in Stressed  ( IPC Phase 2 )  acute food insecurity.
Seasonal scarcity of food, the flooding in 2020  ( with limited recovery from the previous floods ) , and the much lower than required humanitarian food assistance in the face of increased needs, will likely result in an increase of acute food insecurity during the projection periods, especially during the lean season.
The most severe acute food insecurity conditions are in counties where chronic vulnerabilities have been exacerbated by a combination of shocks, including floods, insecurity incidents, the macro economic crisis, and the effects of COVID 19 measures. Between October and November 2020, 34 counties across the country were classified in Emergency  ( IPC Phase 4 )  acute food insecurity.
An estimated 24,000 people were classified in Catastrophe1  ( IPC Phase 5 )  acute food insecurity, in Pibor County  ( 11,000 )  in Pibor Administration Area, and in Tonj North County  ( 13,000 )  in Warrap State.
In Tonj North and Tonj South, following the completion of targeting the additional caseload under WFP's lean season response  ( LSR ) , March and April double distributions began on 16 March.
In Akobo, Jonglei State, food is being delivered by road to Akobo West. Once all the stock is received, March distributions under the Rapid Response Mechanism  ( RRM )  will commence. In Akobo East, distributions commenced on 9 March.
In the Greater Pibor Administrative Area  ( GPAA ) , ongoing power struggles and clashes between age sets have impacted WFP's ability to provide humanitarian food assistance. In Gumuruk, for example, staff of WFP's Cooperating Partner had to be evacuated mid way through food distributions. Consequently, the combination of these violent outbreaks and the impacts of continued flooding ensues disruptions to WFP's ability to serve populations living in IPC 3 and 5 risk counties.
Humanitarian activities are due to recommence in Renk, following a halt in activities five months prior, as a consequence of increased tensions and a number of violent incidents. After months of engagement with the community and youth led by the government, OCHA and the NGO Forum, an agreement has been made that welcomes back humanitarian actors, provides safety and security assurances and ensures accountability of the perpetrators of the arson and looting that took place in October 2020.
WATER, SANITATION & HYGIENE : 1,427,0006 1,690,000 people provided with improved access to water, 216,000 people provided with access to sanitation, 2,374,000 people enabled to practice good hygiene practices.
WFP, through the Logistics Cluster, as a co lead of the Operational Support and Logistics Pillar of the National COVID 19 Response Plan, continues to coordinate requests for Personal Protective Equipment  ( PPE )  from humanitarian organizations working across South Sudan. As of 3 November, 217 requests from 75 organizations submitted through the PPE Common Request System had been approved by the Inter Agency Technical Team, resulting in the allocation of more than 2.5 million PPE items from the common pool created by WHO, WFP and IOM.
Over the reporting period, transport of 267 mt of Education, General Operations, General Program, Health, Logistics, Nutrition, Protection, Shelter and WASH cargo to 18 locations was facilitated on behalf of 26 organizations, of which 60 percent was transported by river.
The FSL Cluster reached 34,400 households with livelihood kits  ( fishing, vegetable & crop kits )  to improve food production in September and a further 11,140 households received different types of trainings to build their capacity and reduce dependency on food and agricultural assistance.
WFP has been increasing river operations from Juba, in light of the rising water levels. The first voyage from Juba to Manga, Bentiu, Unity State, has departed with mixed food items.
WFP and cooperating partners reached 1.82 million people with a total of 17,000 mt of food and USD 5.48 million in cash based transfers in October 2020
WFP is grateful to UNMAS for their support in clearing the WFP airdrop zone in Gumuruk, Greater Pibor Administrative Area, of unexploded ordnances  ( UXOs ) . The clearing of the drop zone will enable WFP to deliver some 400 mt of food and nutrition items, providing much needed assistance to 22,300 people including 4,200 children under five.
As part of the USAID funded Urban COVID 19 Response, a double ration distribution targeting 114,400 beneficiaries commenced in Juba on 13 November. In Bor, Jonglei State, more than 8,500 people received food assistance as part of the project while beneficiary verification was ongoing in three other locations in Bor South.
The latest FAO WFP early warning analysis of food insecurity hotspots was released in October 2020. The key drivers of food insecurity are found to be: conflict; consecutive natural shocks; deteriorating economic situation; severe constraints to humanitarian access. The analysis warns that if these factors continue to deteriorate, this would lead to a catastrophic food security situation in parts of the country
Over the last two weeks, through Rapid Response teams, WFP completed General Food Assistance  ( GFA )  distributions for 20,700 people, including 4,700 children under five, in Ayod, Akobo West and Uror counties, Jonglei State.
FSL Cluster : 37% that is 817m required, 301m funded, 516m unmet  [ 2020 HRP FUNDING  ( end September 2020 )  ]
Global Humanitarian Funding 2020 Overall US$ 1.5 billion, WFP share: US$ 6671million
Dinka and Nuer attackers pursued scorched earth tactics. While entering villages, they set ablaze and razed homes, public buildings, boreholes, and small shops. In Gumuruk village, for instance, most structures, including the local marketplace, were burned to the ground. Humanitarian facilities were also severely impacted
Following the success of the first ever WFP convoy from ElObeid, Sudan, to Abyei five new mobile storage units were installed at the WFP Abyei office. The office has made arrangements to bolster the new warehouses' security. WFP is enhancing the Abyei warehouse facilities in preparation for the 2021 logistics operation. These efforts will enable WFP to better serve the beneficiaries in Abyei.
In Wau, Western Bahr el Ghazal, WFP reached 677 people through GBV community awareness meetings. In Abyei, WFP delivered GBV preventive messages to almost one million listeners across three radio channels. In Kapoeta, Eastern Equatoria, WFP participated in community discussions on sensitization on early child marriage. Through music and drama the community further explored the topic.
In 2020, WFP provided SCOPE services to UN agencies and NGOs in South Sudan. SCOPE is WFP's beneficiary identity and transfer management system. To evaluate the service, WFP conducted a user satisfaction survey. Respondents noted that SCOPE saves time  ( in managing caseloads and reporting ) , is versatile  ( can be used for cash, in kind and voucher transfers )  and prevents duplications helping to improve beneficiary targeting.
While all communal asset creation activities were put on hold, WFP and Norwegian People's Aid  ( NPA )  continued to support communities to improve their agricultural production. Nearly 2,000 hectares of groundnuts were planted and 20,500 bags  ( 50kg each )  have been harvested. NPA shifted their training approach to mitigate COVID 19 risks by training at the household level or in small groups of up to 10 people
Nutrition Cluster : 0.8m reached out of target 1.3m, male 0.24m and female 0.59m that is 64%
FSL Cluster : 4.7m reached out of target 6.9m, male 2.16m and female 2.53m that is 68%.
CCCM Cluster : 22% that is 18m required, 4m funded, 14m unmet.  [ 2020 HRP FUNDING  ( end September 2020 )  ]
In partnership with the Jubek State Union of Visually Impaired Persons and the South Sudan Association of Visually Impaired Persons, IOM supported mobility orientation training and provision of assistive devices to persons with visual impairment. In addition, IOM continued targeted protection assistance for the flood affected communities in the Abyei Administrative Area, which included referrals for shelter and medical assistance, as well as assistance for access rights.
RR Cluster : 4% that is 150m required, 6m funded, 144m unmet.  [ 2020 HRP FUNDING  ( end September 2020 )  ]
WASH Cluster : 14% that is 170m required, 23m funded, 147m unmet.  [ 2020 HRP FUNDING  ( end September 2020 )  ]
Of 7.6m people targeted, 6.1m people were reached that is 80% of target.
As part of IOM's COVID 19 prevention activities to address the gendered impacts and risks of the pandemic, IOM trained 78 community hygiene promoters in Juba  ( 43 women, 35 men )  on GBV mainstreaming to integrate messages on gender equality and GBV into hygiene promotion activities, including messages adapted to the COVID 19 context.
To mark Menstrual Hygiene Day on 28 May, Active Youth Agency conducted a campaign encouraging men and boys to understand menstrual hygiene and break taboos on menstruation. Through this event, 232 individuals  ( 117 women, 68 girls, 42 men, 5 boys )  were engaged in changing harmful social norms and practices related to menstrual hygiene and on advocating for accessibility to hygiene products for women and girls.
Through GBV awareness raising activities conducted in Juba with Active Youth Agency, and in Wau by the IOM GBV team, a total of 4,635 individuals  ( 1,554 women, 1,178 girls, 895 men, and 1,008 boys )  were engaged through hygiene promotion and COVID 19 prevention messages. AYA also conducted four live radio talk show programmes on 88.4 City FM in Juba County on available GBV services and how to access them and discussed different types of violence
Accordingly, in April, UNMISS organized a meeting with local Murle leaders to discuss the outcome of this engagement and the way forward. However, for several months, COVID 19 related movement restrictions impeded the capacity of UNMISS to closely support this initiative.
Following a recommendation from OCHA to postpone non critical physical meetings, coordination meetings are held online for Juba, while physical meetings have resumed in Wau Logistics Cluster hub, ensuring COVID 19 preventive measures are respected by attendees. In October, two coordination meetings were held, attended by a total of 21 organisations.
IOM's Protection team continue to utilize the twin track approach to support persons with disabilities by advocating for mainstreaming disability inclusion, including the provision of targeted protection assistance to persons with disabilities, and working with Organizations for Persons with Disabilities.
The Logistics Cluster continues to support the humanitarian community by transporting COVID 19 related cargo across South Sudan as priority cargo.
In October, the Logistics Cluster facilitated the transport of 418 mt of humanitarian cargo to 28 destinations on behalf of 39 organisations, of which 39% wastransported by river and road.
However, with the massive scale of flood response last year on top of COVID 19 preparedness and response, some of the most requested items have been significantly depleted resulting in limited supply to provide for the predicted recurrence of severe flooding this year.  ( IOM SOUTH SUDAN Core Pipeline 2020 | Quarter 2 Report )
Other evidence, including hate statements tagged by attackers on the walls of destroyed buildings  ( for instance, in Kotchar, West Manyabol ) , such as “year for Murle to be refugees' substantiate an intention to forcibly displace the Murle.
According to humanitarian actors28, at least 89,000 Murle people were displaced due to armed violence across GPAA. These were primarily women and children, who fled during attacks or in anticipation of violence, leaving behind their cattle, belongings and means to support themselves.
These scorched earth tactics  ( by attackers )  were employed to prevent local populations from accessing resources and the means of survival. However, it is important to note that, according to some humanitarian actors, Murle and Nuer elements also looted humanitarian facilities intended for their own populations, both to prevent these goods from falling into the hands of assailants, as well as a means of opportunistically supplying their own forces. The destruction of property exacerbated the suffering of the GPAA population, already impacted by heavy flooding in 2019 and experiencing acute food insecurity at the time of the clashes.
WFP led and supported cluster Nutrition cluster required US$223.4m but received only US$142.5m
At least nine facilities across GPAA were ransacked with assailants looting food, medicine and other supplies, or partially destroying them. A similar pattern of conduct by the Murle was documented during the 16 May attacks in Pieri.
Between 11 June and 7 July, Dinka and Gawaar Nuer militias attacked and besieged the Gumuruk and Manyabol areas. Heavy fighting was reported before the Murle were forced to retreat towards Pibor.
The attack began in the early hours of the morning, when at least three groups of Murle assailants simultaneously attacked 28 villages scattered over a 25 km radius, catching the Lou Nuer by surprise. Several eyewitnesses told HRD that the attackers were organized in at least two rows, and that they advanced and retreated tactically in an orderly fashion. Murle armed elements also laid ambushes to prevent reinforcement by other Lou Nuer armed elements living in neighboring villages. During this phase of the attack, the Lou Nuer armed elements suffered substantial losses.
In collaboration with relevant stakeholders, the ACT forum has identified a gap in Food Security & Livelihood, Nutrition, WASH, Shelter & NFIs, DRR, MHPSS, GBV, Education and Protection Services and has resolved that if funded, it will have the capacity to properly bridge the identified gap.
The dire situation is further compounded for the conflict, floods, desert locust and COVID 19 affected people with vulnerabilities; more specifically children, women, elderly, IDPs, Refugees and Returnees who have unmet critical basic needs. There is a pressing necessity to provide immediate assistance to minimize loss of life and to ensure that the needs of the most vulnerable are covered first.
The Conflict, Floods, COVID 19, and Desert Locust affected persons find themselves in a desperate situation, with many unmet vital humanitarian needs such as access to: Sufficient food   ( Food Security ) , Safe Shelter and Basic Non Food Items  ( Shelter/NFIs ) , Basic Education Services, Safe Drinking Water, as well as Sanitation and Hygiene Infrastructure  ( WASH ) , Livelihood Activities/DRR Resilience Building, Protection Services/MHPSS & GBV, Adequate nutrition.
Current figures indicate 1.62 million internally displaced persons  ( IDPs ) , 125'000 IDPs in protection of civilians' sites  ( PoCs ) , 2.19 million South Sudanese refugees in neighbouring countries and 301'000 refugees in South Sudan. This internal and external displacement caused by disaster complexities has perpetrated alarming humanitarian needs as 5.8 million people are already acutely food insecure, 483'000 malnourished women and 1.4 million malnourished children  ( IPC, Dec 2020 Mar 2021 ) .
The desert locust considered the most destructive migratory pest in the world invaded communities in parts of Central and Eastern Equatoria states and massively and fed on large quantities of any kind of green vegetation, including crops and pasture for livestock which has impacted negatively on food security and livelihood. This situation finds the country in an already fragile state where high levels of acute food insecurity has been driven by conflict, insecurity, flooding, population displacements, declined crop production, pests & diseases, economic crisis, limited access to basic services and secondary effects of COVID 19 especially to livelihoods.
Throughout the three phases of armed violence, these community based militias displayed a capacity to conduct simultaneous coordinated, organized and tactical attacks on different fronts over a sustained period.
The second phase  ( The first phase being in January 2020 )  consisted of retaliatory attacks in Pieri and surrounding villages on 16 May, carried out by Murle community based militias.
The complex emergency response in South Sudan is currently being coordinated by UNOCHA.
Host communities: Provides information and hosting of affected displaced populations. Affected communities: Provides local labour force and information
National NGOs: PRDA, ADA, SUFEM, CARD, ECSS SUDRA are in partnership with ACT members, other humanitarian actors with capacity to respond, implement and reach the crisis affected population.
INGOs: ACT Forum members   NCA, DCA, FCA, LWF, Christian Aid, PRDA and other humanitarian actors are coordinating, conducting needs assessments, fundraising, and responding to acute needs with currently available resources
UN Agencies: OCHA is coordinating, providing information and negotiating humanitarian access, UNHCR is providing protection to refugees & IDPS as well as returning IDPs and Refugees, WFP provides food and nutritional needs, and UNICEF providing health, nutrition, WASH, protection services for crisis affected children and their mothers.
National government: Through its Ministry of Humanitarian Affairs and Disaster Management  ( MHDM )  is coordinating and providing humanitarian access
In the lean season of April to July 2021, the food security situation deteriorates and an estimated 775,000 people  ( 61.4% of the population )  will face Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  or worse acute food insecurity, of which 481,000 people will likely be in Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  acute food insecurity, and 281,000 people will likely be in Emergency  ( IPC Phase 4 )  acute food insecurity, and 13,000 people will likely be in Catastrophe  ( IPC Phase 5 )  acute food insecurity in Tonj North County.
During the lean season, Cueibet, Rumbek Center, Rumbek East, Rumbek North and Yirol East counties are classified in Emergency  ( IPC Phase 4 )  acute food insecurity, whereas Awerial, Wulu and Yirol West counties are classified in Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  acute food insecurity.
In October to November 2020, an estimated 481,000 people  ( 52.7% of the population )  faced Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  or worse acute food insecurity, of which 330,000 people were in Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  acute food insecurity, 151,000 people were in Emergency  ( IPC Phase 4 )  acute food insecurity. During this period, all counties were classified in Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 ) , except for Aweil South County which was classified in Emergency  ( IPC Phase 4 )  acute food insecurity.
During this period, all counties are classified in Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  acute food insecurity, except for Wulu County which is classified in Stressed  ( IPC Phase 2 )  acute food insecurity.
1,340 Metric tons  ( MT )  of items transported for prepositioning and response.  ( IOM SOUTH SUDAN Core Pipeline 2020 | Quarter 2 Report )
UN Humanitarian air Services  ( UNHAS )  transported 5000 passengers in November, 5256 passengers in December and 2832 passengers in January. It served 189 organizations in November, 189 in December and 160 in January.
South Sudan Interim Country Strategic Plan  ( ICSP )  assisted 1.3 Million people in November, 2020  ( targeted: 1.8 million ) , 1.1 million people in December, 2020  ( targeted: 1.3 million )  and 1.1 million in January  ( targeted: 1.2 million )
IOM CP  (  IOM Core Pipeline )  prepositioned 1,340.32 metric tons of critical items to key IOM logistic hubs in Bentiu, Bor, Malakal, Rumbek, and Wau. The dry season prepositioning, which extends to the second quarter of the year is a vital activity of Core Pipeline as it serves to anticipate increased demand for emergency WASH and S NFI supplies during the next five to six months of rainy season.  ( IOM SOUTH SUDAN Core Pipeline 2020 | Quarter 2 Report )
While COVID 19 related movement restrictions across the country presented significant challenges to operations, the delivery of emergency S NFI and WASH supplies continued to reach vulnerable and displaced populations at risk of disease outbreak, malnutrition, and food insecurity.  ( IOM SOUTH SUDAN Core Pipeline 2020 | Quarter 2 Report )
2.3m South Sudanese refugees in neighbouring countries  ( UNHCR, FEB 2021 )
WFP led and supported cluster Food Security and Livelihoods cluster required US$ 642.4m but received only 398.2m
South Sudan Interim Country Strategic Plan  ( ICSP )  had net funding requirements of US$ 210.5m  ( March 2021 – August 2021 )
The high levels of food insecurity are driven by depleted cereal stocks at household level, degradation of road infrastructure that limits market functionality and access, increased incidences of water borne illnesses, the impacts of COVID 19, the economic crisis, and high food prices.