nlp-thedeep/humsetbias huggingface dataset:
It is also worth noting that although English was used to teach in 94% of schools, it was only spoken by children as a most common language in 25% of schools. Around half of schools  ( 47% )  reported that some teachers face difficulties communicating with children due to language issues, usually affecting around a quarter of teachers in each school. A larger proportion of schools  ( 62% )  reported that children face challenges with learning due to language barriers, mostly commonly affecting around a quarter or a half of children.
In terms of attacks on education, the most common types of attack reported were schools being hit by bullets, shells or shrapnel  ( 26% at least once )  and schools being robbed or looted  ( 24% at least once ) . It is worth noting that in highly unsafe areas, schools are more likely to be closed and were not included in this assessment
Humanitarian access continues to shrink, both as a result of insecurity and due to restrictions placed on humanitarian partners. On 27 September, Nigerian security forces in Maiduguri informed two major INGO partners  ( Action Against Hunger and Mercy Corps )  that their activities must be suspended while the military carries out an investigation into alleged irregularities. The suspensions have had a significant impact on the provision of humanitarian assistance and services, including in UNICEF sectors.
An estimated 1,500 children suffering from severe acute malnutrition  ( SAM )  are being deprived of nutrition assistance in 87 treatment centers in Borno and Yobe state each week, with SAM children with medical complications at particular risk due to the impact of the suspension on eight stabilization centers.
In Adamawa, the cumulative total of cholera cases now stands at 774, with 4 deaths  ( CFR 0.87% )  in Yola North  ( 471 ) , Girei  ( 192 ) , Yola South  ( 110 )  and Song  ( 1 ) . In Borno state, 21 suspected cholera cases were reported in Maiduguri1, in addition to 524 cases of AWD2 in Banki  ( 69 cases ) , Monguno  ( 52 )  and Gwoza  ( 52 ) , with no associated deaths. An Oral Cholera Vaccine  ( OCV )  campaign took place in MMC  ( Maisandari ward )  and Bama  ( Shehuri, Kasugula and Banki wards )  LGAs in Borno state.
In Borno, this was largely due to closure in Dikwa  ( 40% of schools closed for an average of 36 weeks ) , Maiduguri  ( 8% of schools closed for an average of 32 weeks ) , Gwoza  ( 18% of schools closed for an average of 19 weeks ) , Konduga  ( 16% of schools closed for an average of 19 weeks )  and Magumeri LGAs  ( 50% of schools closed for an average of 15 weeks ) , whilst in Yobe, this was due to long periods of average closure in Bade  ( 36 weeks )  and Damaturu LGAs  ( 20 weeks ) .
99% of HHs reported having access to free healthcare, and 86% perceived that no vulnerable groups had more difficulty accessing it. FGD participants expressed the need for expanding the health facilities due to the high number of patients.
Nearly 2 million people are currently displaced in northeastern Nigeria, primarily due to armed conflict. The Boko Haram insurgency has inflicted a severe human toll and led to large scale displacement. More than 53,000 deaths from political violence were reported in Nigeria between 2011 and the second quarter of 2018. More than 60 percent of these deaths occurred in the states of Borno, Adamawa, and Yobe, with Borno alone accounting for more than 25,000 deaths. As of August 2018, there were an estimated 1.9 million IDPs in Nigeria, up 2 percent from April 2018 and up 5 percent from June 2017. Most IDPs are from the Borno state.
1% of HHs reported that their children do not have access to free education, and 32% perceived that children experience difficulties in accessing education. Newly arrived HHs reported during the FGDs an inadequate number of teachers and classrooms for the number of school aged children.
78% of HHs reported that access to water was better in Banki town than in their AoO. Nearly all HHs also reported that it was provided for free by non governmental organizations  ( NGOs ) .
41% of HHs reportedly did not have access to cash. FGD participants reported lack of livelihood opportunities due to the security restrictions. As women were not allowed to fetch firewood outside of the camp, they reported resorting to sewing caps and selling firewood collected by male HH members.
Stability: During the current period, food stocks are stable in most States and the FCT, except for Borno, Yobe and Adamawa States where food instability was recorded in some LGAs due to insurgency. However, food stock levels may likely be depleted below normal across most of the states during the projected lean season, except for states where dry season farming is practiced extensively. Specifically in Borno state, pronounced levels of food depletion is expected is expected in some LGAs such as Mobbar, Gubio, Nganzai, Magumeri, Bama, Konduga, Dikwa, Ngala, Kalabage, Mafa, Kaga, Damboa and Gwoza due to limited land access and military restriction on the types of crops and pattern of cultivation  ( shorter crops with wider spacing ) . However, interventions from the government and humanitarian agencies would ameliorate the situation and bolster food stability during the period.
Additionally, there are specific challenges that more IDP women face. Adult and young women make up about 60 percent of IDPs who are tasked to collect water  ( compared to 43 percent for host communities ) . Water collection involves long waiting times, with the opportunity cost of educational or labor force engagement. Water collection chores could also put women at a higher risk of being victims of GBV. Further, more IDP women than host women deliver babies at home without the services of a doctor, nurse, or midwife, which greatly increases the risk of maternal mortality.
The Result of the CH analysis indicates that about 4.3 million people  ( 4.1% of analysed population )  require emergency assistance in the current period  ( October to December, 2019 )  and 5.9 million  ( 5.8% of analysed population )  people during the projected period  ( June to August, 2020 )  to avert further deterioration in their food and nutrition insecurity status. About 261,000 of these people in need are internally displaced persons  ( IDPs )  in formal camps across nine LGAs of Borno State.
IDP and host community women have worse educational and labor outcomes than men, but IDP women also face additional challenges. Both IDPs and hosts seem to prioritize education of boys over girls. In both groups, primary school enrollment is similar or slightly higher for girls. However, in secondary school, enrollment of girls drops sharply compared to boys. The labor force is also largely dominated by men. Across IDPs and host communities, women are six times more likely to be inactive in the labor force.
Partially accessible LGAs were included in the analysis because of the availability of outcome indicators and contributing factors collected from accessible population. In Borno alone, almost one million people live in hard to reach areas who do not have access to the life saving aid they urgently need.
Numan: 207 arrivals and 22 departures were recorded in Numan LGA of Adamawa State. The arrivals include 102 from Bare ward and 105 from Gamadio ward. The 22 departures were from Imburu ward. 82% of the new arrivals reported to have relocated due to poor living condition while 18% relocated voluntarily. The departures were due to poor living conditions.
Askira/Uba: 154 arrivals and 2 departures were recorded in Askira/Uba LGA of Borno State. The arrivals include 49 from Askira East ward and were tracked at Ngohi ward and 9 from Chull/Rumirgo ward and were tracked at Mussa ward. Other arrivals include 4 from Jalingo LGA of Taraba State, 85 from Madagali and 7 from Mubi North LGAs of Adamawa State. The 2 departures were from Uba ward. 97% of the new arrivals reported to have relocated due to improved security while 3% were reportedly due to poor living conditions. The departures were all voluntary.
Bama: 65 arrivals and 12 departures were recorded in Bama LGA of Borno State. The arrivals include 5 from Buduwa/Bula Chirabe ward, 2 from Lawanti/Malam/Mastari/Abbaram ward and 31 from Soye ward and were tracked at Shehuri/Hausari/Mairi ward. Other arrivals include 13 from Maisandari ward of Maiduguri Metropolitan Council, 9 from Mora and 5 from Bogo of Cameroon. The 12 departures were from Shehuri/Hausari/Mairi ward. 60% of the new arrivals reported to have relocated due to poor living conditions, 32% relocated voluntarily while 8% relocated involuntarily. The departures were all voluntary.
An exhaustive nutrition screening using monitoring of symptoms of acute malnutrition mid upper arm circumference  ( MUAC )  and Oedema was conducted by Nutrition Sector partners for 63 children of 6 59 months. Of the 63 children screened, the MUAC reading recorded 2 children  ( from an inaccessible area )  in the Red category, 13 in the Yellow category and 48 measured in the Green category. No case of Oedema was reported in the 4 LGAs that reports were received from.
The results also include 30 children from neighbouring Cameroon and Republic of Niger  ( 6 children moved to Bama, 5 to Gwoza, 5 to Mobbar and 14 moved to Ngala ) ; Out of the 30 children measured, 1 was in the red category, 22 in the green category and 7 measured in the yellow category. All children found with acute malnutrition have been admitted for treatment.
Shelter is a critical need for internally displaced people in Yobe State. However, since most of IDPs live in host communities, the needs are not readily visible. There is no camp coordination mechanism in Yobe State as there are no formal camps; most IDPs are living in the host community and in informal settlements. Some returnee households in Gujba town in Gujba LGA are living in camp like settlements because they could not access their original villages on the border area to Borno State due to security concerns.
The lack of qualified teachers, overcrowded classrooms, limited WASH facilities, limited supervision, lack of textbooks and learning materials, and limited public funding to support the Sector remains a challenge. In response to concerns raised by key stakeholders over the budget allocation for education which is reported to be inadequate, the new State authorities have declared a state of emergency in the Education Sector. A technical committee was instituted and its recommendations have been submitted to the Governor who directed that critical components of these recommendations be implemented urgently. This includes teacher audit and verification to identify the number of teachers in the State, their qualifications, the immediate training they require for optimum performance, as well as specific challenges facing teachers. A teacher training and development centre in Damaturu was amongst the key recommendations.
Gender Based Violence  ( GBV ) : GBV is rampant. 90 per cent of reported cases involved intimate partner abuse, including denial of resources for sustenance, 6 per cent rape and 4 per cent forced marriage. The main cross cutting challenge to the implementation of GBV programming in the State is inadequate funding for logistics and referrals to provide access to justice and health services to GBV survivors coming from the LGAs to Damaturu.
There is a lack of safe spaces across Yobe State. There are currently five safe spaces but these are all concentrated in only two of the State's 17 LGAs, namely Damaturu and Gujba LGA. Humanitarian partners run three of these centers while MoWA runs the remaining two which are not fully functional. There is an ongoing effort by the sub sector to build the capacity of stakeholder staff on: GBV case management; GBV referral; GBV coordination; and GBV service mapping.
As ongoing violence disrupts livelihoods and agricultural activities, many conflict affected families rely on humanitarian aid and market purchases to meet their daily food needs. As a result, Crisis  ( IPC 3 )  and Emergency  ( IPC 4 )  levels of acute food insecurity will likely persist in much of northeastern Nigeria through January 2020, with ongoing distributions of food assistance sustaining Stressed  ( IPC 2 )  conditions in some zones, the Famine Early Warning Systems Network  ( FEWS NET )  reports. Meanwhile, a risk of Famine  ( IPC 5 )  persists in areas that relief actors cannot reach, where food security conditions are likely similar to, or worse than, outcomes in nearby accessible zones.
Concerning nutrition conditions persist in the northeast. A late 2018 assessment conducted by the Government of Nigeria and UN partners found that in Borno and Yobe, nearly 11 and 13 percent of children younger than five years of age, respectively, are acutely malnourished, representing high acute malnutrition levels per UN guidelines. In Adamawa, acute malnutrition affects seven percent of children, signifying a medium acute malnutrition level.
Until recently, Boko Haram has largely confined its activity to Nigeria's northeastern Borno State and the eastern border regions with Chad, Niger, and Cameroon. But this week, the group announced its first offensive against the military in Nigeria's northwestern Sokoto State. The offensive is believed to have killed many Nigerian troops–though the precise number is unknown.
An increase in violence caused 160,000 people to flee their home in 2019. Food availability is deteriorating, with 50% of households in Borno state at risk of not having enough food to eat. Nutrition monitoring in Borno state shows that there has been a steady increase of acute malnutrition cases in children since 2017  ( Nutrition and Food Security Surveillance: North East Nigeria ) . The food and nutritional situation could potentially deteriorate if sustained humanitarian assistance is not provided.
More than 7 million people are in need of humanitarian assistance in northeast Nigeria. Since the start of the fighting between non state armed groups and the Nigerian army in 2009, more than 35,000 people have been killed, and thousands of women and girls have been abducted. The conflict has led to widespread forced displacement and violations of international humanitarian law. An estimated 2.9 million people do not have enough to eat, close to a million children suffer from malnutrition, and 800,000 children are out of school.
Four  ( 4 )  new cases were reported from 11th September to 18th October, 2019 from Yola North and South LGAs o Total case count now stands at 791 with 4 deaths. CFR=0.51%
In late September, Nigerian government forces  ( GF )  ordered the closure of all offices belonging to two non governmental organizations  ( NGOs ) , accusing the organizations of providing organized armed groups  ( OAGs )  Boko Haram and ISIS West Africa  ( ISIS WA )  with assistance. The closures have resulted in the suspension of humanitarian activities by the two organizations in Borno and Yobe states. The NGOs have denied the allegations and are complying with an ongoing investigation. Relief agencies have warned that such suspensions could impede the continuation of life saving assistance and lead to a deterioration of conditions in the region. Humanitarian actors are engaging with Government of Nigeria authorities to resolve the situation.
Security conditions in northeastern Nigeria remain volatile due to ongoing OAG attacks against civilians and Nigerian GF. According to international media, the number of OAG attacks has increased in recent months, leading to civilian deaths and hindering the provision of humanitarian assistance. For example, an attack by OAG actors on July 27 in Borno's Nganzai Local Government Area  ( LGA )  resulted in the deaths of at least 60 civilians, according to international media. In addition, on July 18, OAG actors attacked humanitarian vehicles traveling in Borno's Mobbar LGA, resulting in the death of a driver and the abduction of six aid workers, including one NGO staff member; one abductee was killed on September 25, with the rest reportedly remaining in captivity, according to relief actors. On July 23, an improvised explosive device  ( IED )  also hit an NGO hired water truck traveling between Borno's Gwoza and Pulka towns, the UN reports.
During the period of July   September 2019, a total of 38,332 movements were recorded, composed of 19,173 arrivals and 19,159 departures. Arrivals were recorded at locations in Askira/Uba, Bama, Biu, Chibok, Damboa, Dikwa, Gubio, Gwoza, Hawul, Jere, Kaga, Kala/Balge, Konduga, Mafa, Maiduguri M. C, Mobbar, Monguno and Ngala LGAs of Borno state. Arrivals were also recorded in Demsa, Fufore, Girei, Gombi, Guyuk, Hong, Lamurde, Madagali, Maiha, Mayo Belwa, Michika, Mubi North, Mubi South, Numan, Song, Yola North and Yola South LGAs of Adamawa state. Departures were recorded in Askira/Uba, Bama, Chibok, Damboa, Dikwa, Gubio, Gwoza, Kaga, Kala/Balge, Magumeri, Maiduguri and Monguno LGAs of Borno state, locations in Demsa, Fufore, Girei, Gombi, Guyuk, Hong, Lamurde, Madagali, Maiha, Mayo Belwa, Michika, Mubi North, Mubi South, Numan, Song, Yola North and Yola South LGAs of Adamawa state and locations in Bursari, Damaturu and Geidam Local Government Areas  ( LGAs )  of Yobe state.
During the period of 14 – 20 October 2019, a total of 1,301 movements were recorded, which were composed of 910 arrivals and 391 departures. Arrivals were recorded at locations in Askira/Uba, Bama, Damboa, Dikwa, Gwoza, Konduga, Maiduguri, Mobbar, Monguno and Ngala Local Government Areas  ( LGAs )  of Borno State. Arrivals were also recorded in Demsa, Girei, Gombi, Hong, Madagali, Maiha, Mayo Balwa, Michika, Mubi North, Mubi South, Numan, Song and Yola South LGAs of Adamawa State. Departures were recorded in Gwoza and Kala/Balge LGAs of Borno State. Departures were also recorded in Girei, Gombi, Hong, Madagali, Maiha, Mubi North, Mubi South, Numan, Song, Yola North and Yola South LGAs of Adamawa State.
Ngala: 205 arrivals were recorded in Ngala LGA of Borno State. The arrivals include 107 from Darak of Cameroon. Other arrivals include 87 from Rann ward of Kala/Balge LGA and 11 from Bolori I ward of Maiduguri Metropolitan Council. All the new arrivals reported to have relocated due to poor living conditions.
Maiduguri: 140 arrivals were recorded in Maiduguri Metropolitan Council of Borno State. The 140 arrivals were from Auno Chabbol ward of Konduga LGA. All the new arrivals reported to have relocated due to military operations.
Girei: 17 arrivals and 73 departures were recorded in Girei LGA of Adamawa State. The 17 arrivals were from Hong ward of Hong LGA. The 73 departures were from Girei I ward. All the new arrivals reported to have relocated voluntarily. 78% of the departures reported to have relocated due poor living conditions while 22% relocated voluntarily.
Askira/Uba: 82 arrivals were recorded in Askira/Uba LGA of Borno State. The arrivals include 2 from Old Maiduguri ward of Jere LGA. Other arrivals include 56 from Chull/Rumirgo ward and were tracked at Askira East ward, 15 from Giwi/Womdeo ward and were tracked at Hausara/Tampul ward and 9 from Uba ward and were tracked at Ngohi ward. 68% of the new arrivals reported to have relocated due to fear of attack, 21% relocated voluntarily while 11% were reportedly due to improved security.
An exhaustive nutrition screening using monitoring of symptoms of acute malnutrition mid upper arm circumference  ( MUAC )  and Oedema was conducted by Nutrition Sector partners for 81 children of 6 59 months. Of the 81 children screened, the MUAC reading recorded 4 children  ( 1 from accessible and 3 from an inaccessible area )  in the Red category, 9 in the Yellow category and 68 measured in the Green category. No case of Oedema was reported in the 6 LGAs reports were received from.
The results also include 35 children from neighbouring Cameroon and Republic of Niger  ( 9 children moved to Bama, 2 to Gwoza, 8 to Mobbar and 16 moved to Ngala ) ; Out of the 35 children measured, none was in the red category, 33 in the green category and 2 were in the yellow category. All children found with acute malnutrition have been admitted for treatment
As a result of heavy rainfalls and high water levels in the Niger and Benue rivers, the two main rivers of Nigeria, a series of flooding has submerged areas across the country in water since June 2019. Following a peak in water levels of rivers Niger and Benue in late September, severe flooding aggravated the situation  ( Floodlist 07/10/2019 ) . The National Emergency Management Agency  ( NEMA )  has not declared a state of emergency but the Nigeria Hydrological Services Agency  ( NIHSA )  had issued a flood red alert earlier in September  ( Sahara Reporters 17/09/2019 ) .
According to the latest statistics issued by the International Federation of Red Cross  ( IFRC )  on 7 October, severe floods occurred in 32 of the 36 states and Federal Capital Territory and it is estimated that in total over 210,000 people are affected with about 130,000 of them being displaced and at least 12 reported deaths in Cross River and Niger states  ( IFRC EPoA 07/10/2019 ) . No updated estimations were available but since rainfall has been ongoing and is predicted to continue in central Nigeria  ( NOAA ) , the number of people affected by the floods is likely to have increased. Moreover, the total number of fatalities is likely to be higher. As of 30 August, at least 15 people had also been killed in Adamawa state  ( OCHA SitRep 2 30/08/2019 )  and additional deaths in flood related accidents in other states keep being reported, for instance in Lagos and Delta state  ( Guardian Nigeria 12/10/2019 and 23/09/2019 ) .
WASH: In camps covered by Camp Coordination and Camp Management  ( CCCM )  partner agencies in northeast Nigeria, WASH needs are severe because latrines and showers need to be repaired  ( CCCM MST report 3 04/10/2019 ) . In many camps, people have no choice than to practice open defecation increasing the risk of the outbreak of diseases  ( NRC 23/08/2019 ) . Specific WASH related needs in other states remain unclear.
Heavy rains and flooding in August affected an estimated 924 hectares of farmlands across several LGAs, while many households lost food items and livestock. Borno State is the most affected especially Ngala, Bama, Mafa, Monguno, MMC, Konduga, Gwoza  ( Pulka ) , Kaga, Damboa, Biu and Jere LGAs. I
Partners conducted a rapid food security assessment in Rann on 14 August. Findings indicate that around 4,500 people will be facing varying levels of food insecurity over the coming weeks if they do not receive assistance.
Over 13,181 shelters were reported as either partially or completely damaged. Stocks of NFI items have also been depleted as many families lost their property during flooding, such as mattresses and blankets.
In Adamawa State, other security challenges like kidnappings, inter communal farmers herders conflicts, and Communal clashes have sprung up in recent times. Joint security operations, the state, and local government have taken decisive measures to establish a secure environment in the affected areas.
From the period 7 – 13 October 2019, a total of 1,137 movements were recorded, which were composed of 856 arrivals and 281 departures. Arrivals were recorded at locations in Askira/Uba, Bama, Biu, Damboa, Dikwa, Gwoza, Hawul, Kaga, Konduga, Mafa, Maiduguri, Mobbar, Monguno and Ngala Local Government Areas  ( LGAs )  of Borno State. Arrivals were also recorded in Demsa, Fufore, Girei, Gombi, Hong, Madagali, Maiha, Michika, Mubi North, Mubi South, Numan, Song and Yola South LGAs of Adamawa State. Departures were recorded in Askira/Uba, Dikwa, Gwoza and Kala/Balge LGAs of Borno State. Departures were also recorded in Fufore, Gombi, Hong, Madagali, Maiha, Michika, Mubi North, Mubi South, Numan, Song, Yola North and Yola South LGAs of Adamawa State
Askira/Uba: 132 arrivals and 46 departures were recorded in Askira/Uba LGA of Borno State. The arrivals include 28 from Chull/Rumirgo ward and were tracked at Wamdeo/Giwi ward and 68 from Damboa ward of Damboa LGA. Other arrivals include 17 from Gujba LGA of Yobe State, 11 from Karu LGA of Nasarawa State and 8 from Yola South LGA of Adamawa State.The departures include 30 from Askira East ward, 13 from Husara/Tampul ward and 3 from Dille/Huyim ward. 58% of the new arrivals reported to have relocated due to poor living conditions, 34% due to Fear of attack while 8% relocated voluntarily. 65% of the departures reported to have relocated due to improved security, 28% due to poor living conditions, while 7% relocated voluntarily.
Bama: 117 arrivals were recorded in Bama LGA of Borno State. The arrivals include 28 from Darajamal ward, 12 from Buduwa/Bula Chirabe ward and 3 from Bulongu ward and were tracked in Shehuri/Hausari/Mairi ward. Other arrivals include 17 from Bale Galtimari ward of Jere LGA and 10 from Dikwa ward of Dikwa LGA. 21 from Mokolo, 17 from Mora and 9 from Deido of Cameroon. 49% of the new arrivals reported to have relocated voluntarily, 41% relocated due to military operations while 10% were reportedly involuntary.
An exhaustive nutrition screening using monitoring of symptoms of acute malnutrition mid upper arm circumference  ( MUAC )  and Oedema was conducted by Nutrition Sector partners for 65 children of 6 59 months. Of the 65 children screened, the MUAC reading recorded 2 children  ( 1 from accessible and the other from an inaccessible area )  in the Red category, 10 in the Yellow category and 53 measured in the Green category. No case of Oedema was reported in the 6 LGAs reports were received from.
The results also include 21 children from neighbouring Cameroon and Republic of Niger  ( 5 children moved to Bama, 6 to Gwoza, 8 to Mobbar and 2 moved to Ngala ) ; out of the 21 children measured, none was in the red category, 15 were in the green category and 6 were in the yellow category. All children found with acute malnutrition have been admitted for treatment.
Katsina and Sokoto have reported attacks in villages neighboring Niger Republic but the closure of borders in Katsina state has prevented movements between the borders. Katsina state government has ordered the closure of all camps and advised all IDPs to return to their place of origin. According to the IDPs, they will rather move into the host communities than return home due to fear of attack. However, some still returned home to attend to farm activities as the current location cannot meet their livelihood needs.
A decade of conflict has severely affected food production systems in northeastern Nigeria, with the worst affected states of Adamawa, Borno and Yobe experiencing high displacement, enormous human, social and economic losses and severe levels of food insecurity and malnutrition. The overall impact of the conflict on agriculture is estimated at USD 3.7 billion  ( World Bank and Buhari Plan, 2016 ) .
The growing risks school children, especially girls, are facing in a learning environment is worrisome. Within the week, six school children and a school principal were abducted in Kaduna state. Most suicide bombings by Boko Haram terrorists are mostly carried out by young girls. It is interesting to consider that, alongside the reported cases of massive abductions, there are cases of underreported kidnappings in the country. Schools are conventional learning centres and should be safe spaces where people go to acquire knowledge. These centres are rapidly becoming unsafe for children and their teachers.
From the period 30 September – 6 October 2019, a total of 1,344 movements were recorded, which were composed of 1,014 arrivals and 330 departures. Arrivals were recorded at locations in Askira/Uba, Bama, Damboa, Dikwa, Gwoza, Kaga, Kala/Balge, Konduga, Maiduguri, Mobbar, Monguno and Ngala Local Government Areas  ( LGAs )  of Borno State. Arrivals were also recorded in Gombi, Hong, Maiha, Michika, Mubi North, Numan, Song and Yola South LGAs of Adamawa State. Departures were recorded in Maiduguri Metropolitan Council, Askira/Uba, Bama and Kala/Balge LGAs of Borno State. Departures were also recorded in Girei, Gombi, Hong, Madagali, Maiha, Michika, Numan, Song and Yola South LGAs of Adamawa State
Numan: 33 arrivals and 57 departures were recorded in Numan LGA of Borno State. The arrivals include 17 from Sabon Pegi ward and 16 from Demsa LGA of Adamawa State. The departures include 44 from Gamadio ward and 13 from Imburu. 88% of the new arrivals reported to have relocated due to military operations, 52% due to poor living conditions while 48% were reportedly voluntarily. The departures were all voluntary.
The results also include 19 children from neighbouring Cameroon, Chad and Republic of Niger  ( 11 childrend moved to Bama, 7 to Mobbar and 1 moved to Ngala ) ; out of the 19 children measured, 1 was in the red category, 15 were in the green category and 3 were in the yellow category. All children found with acute malnutrition have been admitted for treatment
The security situation in northeast Nigeria remains volatile, with changes in military deployments and related hostilities leading to further displacement and a reduction in humanitarian access and services, especially in Gubio, Magumeri and Nganzai LGAs. The coming weeks and months are likely to see further population movements   especially in Maiduguri where existing camps are already overcrowded and there is an urgent need for additional land to shelter displaced families.
Seasonal rains and windstorms have caused significant damage, with an estimated 21,056 households affected in the three states   especially Borno  ( MMC/Jere, Monguno, Gwoza and Dikwa LGAs )  and Adamawa  ( Yola South and Yola North LGAs ) . Among the damage are approximately 500 latrines and bathing facilities. The destruction of WASH infrastructure and standing water, along with a pre existing high degree of overcrowding and poor hygiene practices, are leading to an increased risk of contracting diseases. Humanitarian actors continue to respond to cholera in Adamawa, where a cumulative total of 665 cases and 4 deaths have been reported in 3 LGAs.
The shifts in the security situation along the Maiduguri Damasak road  ( impacting Magumeri, Gubio and Mobbar LGAs ) , the Maiduguri Monguno road  ( impacting primarily Nganzai LGA )  and the Maiduguri Bama road  ( impacting primarily Konduga LGA )  has resulted in a significant reduction in humanitarian access. Reduced services in these areas as well as the possibility of increased hostilities is likely to create additional population movements, including into Maiduguri, over the coming weeks and months. These developments underline the importance of swiftly identifying additional land and securing permission to establish shelters and facilities for newly arriving displaced persons in and around Maiduguri.
On 29 August 2019, a suspected yellow fever case was reported from Kano state with a travel history to Yankari game reserve, Alkaleri Local Government Area  ( LGA ) , Bauchi state, Nigeria.
From 29 August through 22 September 2019, Nigeria reported an outbreak of yellow fever with an epi centre in the Yankari game reserve of Alkaleri LGA, Bauchi state. According to Nigeria Centre for Disease Control  ( NCDC ) , 231 suspected cases have been reported in four states including Bauchi  ( 110 ) , Borno  ( 109 ) , Gombe  ( 10 ) , and Kano  ( 2 ) , of which there have been 13 presumptive positive by IgM testing and 24 cases positive by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction  ( RT PCR )  at national laboratories.
Of 24 cases confirmed by RT PCR  ( 20 cases in Bauchi, three in Gombe and one in Kano state ) , six deaths were reported, all from Alkaleri LGA, Bauchi state, resulting in a case fatality ratio of 25% among the confirmed cases. The vaccination history for the 231 suspected yellow fever cases is not known, and the results of follow up testing from regional reference laboratory Institute Pasteur Dakar  ( IPD )  are not yet available.
This is the first time that cases have been reported in relation to this area since the outbreak started in Nigeria in September 2017. This outbreak is unique in the broad geographic distribution of cases, most with linkage through travel, work or residence in, or close to, the Yankari game reserve, which is an ecological zone highly prone to yellow fever virus circulation  ( vectors, reservoir ) .
Since 15 September 2017, when the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control  ( NCDC )  officially notified a confirmed case of yellow fever in Kwara state to WHO as per the International Health Regulations  ( 2005 ) , the country has been responding to successive yellow fever outbreaks over a wide geographic area.
From 1 January to 31 August 2019, a total of 2,254 suspected yellow fever cases have been reported in 535 LGA's. All states including Federal Capital Territory  ( FCT )  have reported at least one suspected case of yellow fever. Samples have been collected for 2,197 suspected cases, and according to Nigerian laboratories 74 tests were presumptive positive and 29 inconclusive for yellow fever. A total of 103  ( 74 presumptive positive and 29 inconclusive )  samples were sent to yellow fever reference laboratory Institute Pasteur in Dakar  ( IPD )  for confirmatory testing, of which 29 tested positive.
Eight additional cases were confirmed by the Nigerian laboratories including National Reference Laboratory  ( 7 ) , Lagos University Teaching Hospital  ( 1 ) . These 37 confirmed cases were from the states of Edo  ( 13 ) , Ebonyi  ( 8 ) , Ondo  ( 4 ) , Katsina,  ( 3 ) , Kebbi  ( 2 ) , Anambra  ( 1 ) , Cross River  ( 1 ) , Imo  ( 1 ) , Osun  ( 1 ) , Oyo  ( 1 ) , Kano  ( 1 ) , and Sokoto  ( 1 ) . Forty four  ( 44 )  deaths have been recorded from the states of Katsina  ( 14 ) , Edo  ( 1 ) , Adamawa  ( 1 )  and Ebonyi  ( 28 )  with an overall CFR of 2% among suspected cases.
The floods have been widespread with the worst impacting some states within the six geo political zones in Nigeria; North West  ( 5 states )  , North Central  ( 7 states ) , North East  ( 5 states ) , South East  ( 5 states ) , South South  ( 5 states )  in South West  ( 4 states )  totalling 32 states severely affected  ( out of 36 states of Nigeria and FCT ) .
Based on the OCHA Flood Situation Report No.2, the North East Nigeria  ( Adamawa, Borno and Yobe )  have had a total of 21,056 households  ( HH )  residing in IDPs camps and host communities affected by the floods; Adamawa  ( 5,454 HH ) , Borno  ( 10,757 HH )  and Yobe  ( 4,845 HH ) . There have been joint area based needs assessments and emergency response actions, with support provided by various aid agencies to 2,360 HHs. Some of the assessments reveal that the flood affected require emergency shelter, household supplies, health services, water facilities  ( amongst others ) .
From the period 23 – 29 September 2019, a total of 1,441 movements were recorded, they composed of 1,118 arrivals and 323 departures. Arrivals were recorded at locations in Askira/Uba, Bama, Damboa, Dikwa, Gwoza, Jere, Konduga, Mafa, Maiduguri, Mobbar, Monguno and Ngala Local Government Areas  ( LGAs )  of Borno State. Arrivals were also recorded in Demsa, Girei, Gombi, Hong, Madagali, Maiha, Mayo Belwa, Michika, Mubi South, Mubi South, Numan, Song and Yola South LGAs of Adamawa State. Departures were recorded in Maiduguri Metropolitan Council, Bama, Dikwa, Gwoza, Kaga and Kala/Balge LGAs of Borno State. Departures were also recorded in Fufore, Girei, Hong, Madagali, Maiha, Mayo Belwa, Mubi North, Numan and Yola South LGAs of Adamawa State.
Bama: 212 arrivals and 2 departures were recorded in Bama LGA of Borno State. The arrivals include 42 from Buduwa/Bula Chirabe ward and 3 from Lawanti/Malam/Mastari/Abbaram ward and were tracked in Shehuri/Hausari/Mairi ward of Bama LGA. Other arrivals include 21 from Zainnari ward and 10 from Muna ward of Mafa LGA, 101 from Pulka/Bakko ward of Gwoza LGA, 14 from Mairi ward of Jere LGA and 21 from Kolofata in Cameroon. The 2 departures were from Shehuri/Hausari/Mairi ward. 99% of the new arrivals reported to have relocated voluntarily while 1% was reportedly due to poor living conditions. The departures were all voluntary.
Askira/Uba: 93 arrivals and 40 departures were recorded in Askira/Uba LGA of Borno State. The arrivals include 71 from Uba ward. Other arrivals include 5 from Auno/Chabbol of Konduga LGA, 14 from Akko LGA of Gombe State and 3 from Yola North LGA of Adamawa State. The departures include 36 from Askira East ward and 4 from Uba ward. 95% of the new arrivals reported to have relocated due to improved security while 5% relocated voluntarily. 90% of the departures reported to have relocated due to improved security while 10% were reportedly due to poor living conditions
An exhaustive nutrition screening using monitoring of symptoms of acute malnutrition mid upper arm circumference  ( MUAC )  and Oedema was conducted by Nutrition Sector partners for 150 children of 6 59 months. Of the 150 children screened, the MUAC reading recorded 7 children  ( from accessible areas )  in the Red category, 13 in the Yellow category and 130 measured in the Green category. No cases of Oedema were reported in the 5 LGAs reports were received from.
The results also include 13 children from neighbouring Cameroon and Republic of Niger  ( 2 children moved to Bama, 2 to Gwoza and 9 moved to Mobbar ) ; out of the 13 children measured, none were in the red category, 10 were in the green category and 3 children were in the yellow category. All children found with acute malnutrition have been admitted for treatment
Gwoza: 638 arrivals were recorded in Gwoza LGA of Borno state. These include 13 arrivals from Ngoshe ward of Gwoza LGA tracked at Pulka/Bokko ward of the LGA, 49 arrivals from Buliya ward of Bama LGA of Borno state, 6 arrivals from Lagos Island of Lagos state, 17 arrivals from Wuro Ade ward of Maiha LGA, 12 arrivals from Gulak ward of Madagali LGA, 11 arrivals from Lamurde ward of Mubi South LGA of Adamawa state and 530 arrivals from Marwa in Cameroon. 94% of the new arrivals relocated due to poor living condi�ons while 4% relocated voluntarily.
Bama: 281 arrivals were recorded in Bama LGA of Borno state. These include 61 arrivals from Darajamal ward, 31 arrivals from Banki ward and 16 arrivals from Soye ward of Bama LGA all tracked at GSSSS camp in Shehuri ward of Bama LGA. A further 173 individuals arrived from Marwa in Cameroon. 28% of the new arrivals were reported to have relocated due to poor living condi�ons, 22% due to military opera�ons, while 50% voluntarily relocated.
An exhaus�ve nutri�on screening using mid upper arm circumference  ( MUAC )  and Oedema for acute malnutri�on was conducted by Nutri�on Sector partners for 333 children of 6 59 months. Of the 333 children screened, the MUAC reading was: 8 children  ( 4 apiece from accessible and inaccessible area  )  were in the Red category, 22 were in the Yellow category and 303 were measured in the Green category. No case of Oedema was reported in the 3 LGAs that sent in reports
The results also include 190 children from neighbouring Cameroon  ( 58 moved to Bama, 130 to Gwoza and 2 to Ngala ) . Out of the 190 children measured, 3 children were in the red category, 171 were in the green category and 16 children were in the yellow category. All children found with severe acute malnutri�on have been admi�ed for treatment. The data presented is not surveillance results and should be interpreted with cau�on.
The crisis, largely triggered by a regionalized armed conflict, is one of the most severe protection crises in the world, with civilians bearing the brunt of ongoing hostilities, malnutrition, food insecurity, displacements, and dire conditions including over congestion and severe shortages of shelters across camps and communities hosting IDPs. Social safety net and socio economic resources are depleted with most populations depending on meagre and overstretched humanitarian services.
Food insecurity remains a major concern as more than 38 per cent of the in need population in BAY states are estimated to be food insecure,  ( seven per cent increase compared to the projection made in 2018 ) , with pockets of malnutrition. Acute malnutrition in children under the age of five is above emergency thresholds in various areas across the three states. More needs to be done even though humanitarian partners have reached half of the population targeted for assistance as of October 2019, despite operational challenges and funding shortfalls.
In Nigeria, staple prices will also likely remain below average, except for local and imported rice. In northeast Nigeria, market activities and trade routes will remain restricted due to persistent insurgent attacks as well as military operations, causing atypical price trends. In the Coastal countries of the Western basin, mainly Liberia and Sierra Leone, price hikes will continue as long as depreciation and inflation persist.
People here are even more vulnerable to seasonal health illnesses, like malaria that wreaks havoc throughout the rainy season, and malnutrition during the lean season. Malaria and malnutrition are among the main causes of death among young children. Epidemics are also regular occurrences in these areas, and since 2017, MSF has provided assistance with outbreaks of meningitis, hepatitis E and cholera and, more recently, measles.
There were 15 suspected cases of Cerebrospinal Meningitis  ( CSM )  reported from six LGAs in three states  ( Ebonyi – 1, Kaduna – 1 & Katsina – 13 ) . None was laboratory confirmed and no death was recorded
There were 82 processed samples positive for influenza, with 68 for influenza A, 13 for influenza B and 1 for influenza A & B
Households in northeastern Nigeria that are most affected by conflict, mainly in Borno and parts of Adamawa and Yobe States will continue to face Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  and Emergency  ( IPC Phase 4 )  outcomes through May 2020. Populations in hard to reach and inaccessible areas are likely facing similar or worse outcomes, and there remains a risk of Famine  ( IPC Phase 5 )  in these areas. Displaced households that are living in camps and which are largely dependent on humanitarian assistance are experiencing Stressed  ( IPC Phase 2! ) . Households in the northeast that are less affected by the conflict are experiencing Stressed  ( IPC Phase 2 ) .
In the northwest and central states of Nigeria, over 540,000 people remain displaced due to the escalating conflicts and instability. A little of 60 percent of the displaced population is in Benue, Plateau, and Katsina States, while the remaining 40 percent of internally displaced persons  ( IDPs )  are in Zamfara and Sokoto States. IDPs are unable to engage in normal livelihood activities, causing most households to face Stressed  ( IPC Phase 2 )  outcomes, although it is likely that some households are experiencing Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 ) .
The security situation in northeast Nigeria remains volatile with recurring attacks by insurgents that continue to negatively impact livelihood activities and limit basic services. Recent attacks in late November to early December were reported in Chibok, Askira Uba, Damboa and Kaga LGAs in Borno State, close to the Sambisa forest, leading to localized population displacement and restricted livelihoods activities in localized affected areas. Similar effects were felt following recent insurgent attacks in early December in Tarmuwa LGA of Yobe State
The report also revealed that over 63 percent of the households in Magumeri LGA are reliant on humanitarian food assistance  ( HFA )  for their food needs, while over 52 percent of households in Mafa LGA are dependent on markets to meet their food needs. About 36 percent of the population in Mafa LGA and 20 percent of the population in Magumeri LGA are relying on their own production for most of their food. An additional SMART survey conducted in four LGAs of Borna State by FHI 360 between September and October 2019 also revealed GAM by WHZ rates of 8.7 percent in Bama  ( Banki ) , 9.0 percent in Damboa, 10.4 percent in Dikwa, and 14.3 percent in Ngala. However, substantial populations remain in difficult to access areas of most LGAs in Borno State, and parts of Adamawa and Yobe States.
In Africa's most populous country, more than 47% of the population lives in extreme poverty. In Borno state in the northeast, the decade long conflict between armed groups and the military continues to uproot civilians and deepen humanitarian needs. The majority of people who had to flee for safety live in makeshift settlements or highly congested camps and rely mostly on support by local communities, authorities, and humanitarian organisations. They have no prospect of returning to their homes. Overcrowding brings with it lack of access to basic services, cyclical epidemic outbreaks, rampant fires and an increased risk of sexual and gender based violence.
Since the beginning of 2019, a surge in attacks by armed groups has significantly deteriorated the security situation in northwest Nigeria. It drove 42,000 Nigerians to seek refuge in Niger and a further 200,000 to look for safety elsewhere in Nigeria. Communities in the region face dire living conditions due to widespread violence, criminality and hostilities by armed groups. The level of severe undernourishment in children under the age of 5 in the area has reached emergency levels.
During the attack, the hoodlums took away the students' laptops, and other personal effects while an unspecified number of female students were raped in the process.
A total of 1,947 children  ( 1,596 boys, 351 girls )  were verified as having been recruited and used in Nigeria, 1,646 by the Civilian Joint Task Force  ( CJTF )  and 301 by Boko Haram. No new recruitment and use by CJTF was verified in 2018 and all cases verified occurred in previous years. 833 children  ( 694 boys, 139 girls )  were formally separated from the group during 2018 as a result of the action plan. Boko Haram continued to recruit children and used 48  ( 38 girls )  for the purpose of bearing and detonating improvised explosive devices in north east Nigeria, 30 in Cameroon, 24 in Chad and 10 in the Niger.
A total of 43 girls were subjected to rape and other forms of sexual violence by Boko Haram  ( 40 )  and NSF  ( 3 ) . Cases attributed to Boko Haram involved subjecting girls to sexual abuse and forced marriage while in captivity.
Attacks on schools  ( 5 )  and hospitals  ( 10 )  were verified in north east Nigeria and attributed to Boko Haram  ( 14 )  and NSF  ( 1 ) . Furthermore, one hospital in the Far North Region of Cameroon and two schools in the Diffa region of the Niger were attacked by Boko Haram. In addition, NSF used four schools in north east Nigeria for military purposes.
Boko Haram abducted 180 children  ( 45 boys, 135 girls ) , often for the purpose of recruitment, sexual abuse, forced marriage or for use as carriers of improvised explosive devices. In February 2018, Boko Haram abducted 111 children  ( 110 girls )  from a girls' school in Dapchi, Yobe State. Five of the girls died during the abduction, 104 girls were eventually released, and one girl remains in captivity. More than 100 of the Chibok girls abducted in 2014 remain in captivity or missing. In addition, Boko Haram abducted 28 children in Cameroon, 23 in the Niger and 9 in Chad.
Nigeria is responding to successive yellow fever outbreaks, with nearly a three fold increase in number of confirmed cases in 2019 compared to 2018, suggesting intensification of yellow fever virus transmission. Additionally, there have been cases reported in parts of the country that have confirmed cases for the first time since the outbreak started in September 2017. From 1 January through 10 December 2019, a total of 4,189 suspected yellow fever cases were reported from 604 of 774 Local Government Area  ( LGAs )  across all the 36 states and the Federal Capital Territory in Nigeria.
Sixty eight per cent  ( 134 cases )  of the total  ( 197 cases )  confirmed cases were reported from four states, including Bauchi, Katsina, Edo and Ebonyi. Cases in Edo state have declined after a reactive vaccination campaign in late 2018. From 1 January through 10 December 2019, a total of 115 confirmed cases and 23 deaths were reported from Bauchi  ( 62 cases ) , Katsina  ( 38 cases )  and Benue  ( 15 cases ) . These cases tested positive by RT PCR at national laboratories and/or RT PCR and serologic tests at a regional reference laboratory, Institute Pasteur Dakar  ( IPD ) . Further epidemiological investigations are underway.