nlp-thedeep/humsetbias huggingface dataset:
The majority of conflict affected children and caregivers are in Borno State  ( particularly in Bama, Damboa, Dikwa, Gwoza, Jere, Kala Balge, Konduga, Maiduguri, Mobbar, Monguno and Ngala ) , followed by Adamawa  ( particularly in Michika )  and Yobe  ( particularly in Gujba )  states.
The protracted crisis and the violations that many civilians have suffered has had a devastating impact on the mental wellbeing of children and adults alike. Needs for mental health and psychosocial support services, including age/sex appropriate and specialized services, remain immense.
Return movements of IDPs and refugees, which increased in 2018, have not always met the principles of voluntariness, safety and dignity. A number of return areas, particularly in Borno State, continue to experience high insecurity due to ongoing active combat  ( e.g. in Bama, Ngala, Dikwa, Monguno LGAs of Borno State ) , and pervasive presence of IEDs and ERW. Security related restrictions on civilians' freedom of movement limits their ability to engage in socio economic activities.
As of September, 565 casualties from explosive weapons have been reported in 2018 as a result of 53 incidents. More than 70 per cent of the reported casualties were civilians. The fact that open source data is not disaggregated limits empirical analysis and the identification of persons most at risk; systematic collection of data, disaggregated by age and sex, on incidents is needed. In addition to causing deaths and severe injury to civilians, the pervasive presence of explosive hazards restricts freedom of movement, including hindering civilians' access to farm land, other livelihood opportunities, and key infrastructure and public services.
Civilians report this as an impediment in 76 per cent of LGAs in Borno State, 59 per cent of LGAs in Yobe State and 52 per cent of LGAs in Adamawa State. The lack of access to agricultural land due to contamination by explosive hazards, or the perceived threat from such contamination, is exacerbating food insecurity, as well as undermining the affected populations' self reliance.
Lack of access to the estimated 823,000 civilians in inaccessible areas; • Insecurity impedes protection and other humanitarian actors  ( international as well as local )  from deploying to the deep field for extended periods; • Limited presence of civilian authorities, including police, judiciary, and other civil servants in affected areas.
An estimated 3 million people need protection from GBV across the BAY states: of these 1.2 million are IDPs, 1 million returnees, 500,000 in inaccessible areas and 300,000 in host communities. Three in every five of these people are in Borno State; four out of five are female; and one out of two are girls below the age of 18 years. 16.2 per cent of households are femaleheaded, increasing to 40 per cent in some locations, such as Maiduguri.
Of the 98,215 households profiled, 63 per cent of vulnerable households are comprised of FHH, with the number of FHH continuing to rise in 2018, and likely in 2019. FHH have been compelled to send their children out to beg and also induced them to marry off young girls, increasing their risks of exploitation and abuse: 22 per cent of GBV incidents reported by minors have occurred in the context of early marriage. Cases continue to be reported of sexual exploitation of IDP women and girls in exchange for food and their freedom of movement outside of IDP camps; members of NSF reportedly are implicated in some such cases.
Borno had the highest proportion of children who received services from child protection agencies, with seventy five per cent  ( 75%: 2,549 )  of the caseload in Borno accessing child protection services. Yobe state also presented more children  ( 69%: 1,384 )  who were reached with child protection services. However, in Adamawa state, there were more children who did not access services  ( 59%: 216 ) , compared to those who had received services from CP partners  ( 41%: 152 ) .
Children continue to experience gender based violence including sexual exploitation and abuse; at least 1,475 girls and 43 boys who are survivors of gender based violence accessed response services as of September 2018. These and other daily threats to children's physical security including abduction pose a barrier, not only to children's access to learning but access to basic and other services.
At least 10,000 children  ( more than being 50 per cent girls ) are estimated to have been recruited, abducted, held by armed groups or have been victims of violent attacks since the beginning of the conflict. Approximately 50 per cent of these children  ( mostly girls )  are survivors of sexual and gender based violence.
Women and girls are most vulnerable to GBV: 99 per cent of reported GBV incidents between January June 2018 were made by women and girls, though boys and men have also been subject to GBV. Minors, especially adolescent girls, are particularly at risk, mainly in the context of child sexual abuse, early marriage and family separation: 16 per cent of reported GBV incidents against minors were carried out against unaccompanied and separated children.
Essential, often life saving, medical services for GBV survivors are not available in many affected areas. In instances where health facilities exist, these often lack the necessary equipment, drugs and trained personnel to provide timely adequate treatment. Survivors of rape require post exposure prophylaxis for the prevention of HIV/AIDS to be administered within 72 hours of the incident, but clinical management of rape capacity is only available in eight out of 27 LGAs in Borno State.
In 2018, 43 children were used as so called ‘suicide bombers'   14 children were used in attacks in the first quarter, and 29 children  ( 8 boys, 21 girls )  used in attacks in the second quarter. In the same vein, NSAGs have continued to target men and boys in a desperate attempt for new cadres, a practice that is not new to the region since the beginning of the crisis.
The targeting and abduction of women and girls by NSAGs for use as sex slaves and/or PBIEDs is a disturbing feature of the conflict. At least 4,000 women and girls have reportedly been kidnapped since 2013. While in captivity, survivors report being subjected to rape and forced marriage amongst other types of GBV, which occurred in the context of possible sexual slavery and sexual exploitation.
Women and girls are exposed to a greater risk of sexual assault and exploitation while performing basic tasks for sustenance, for example fetching water and farming. 21 per cent and 85 per cent of respondents in Yobe and Borno states, respectively, indicate that women and girls face protection risks including sexual harassment when collecting firewood.
ETT assessments iden�fied the following movement triggers: voluntary reloca�on  ( 11% ) , improved security  ( 18% ) , ongoing conflict  ( 19% )  and poor living condi�ons  ( 52% )
Amnesty International analyzed satellite images from 30 January 2019 showing hundreds of structures burned in the east, south and southeast of Rann. Environmental sensors detected fires in the area on 28 and 29 January. In the 14 January attack, Boko Haram burned well over 100 structures in other areas of Rann. These two recent attacks have left most of the town heavily damaged or destroyed.
In 2018, more than 240,000 people arrived from inaccessible areas in camps and settlements in 43 LGAs across Borno and Adamawa states, further straining existing WASH facilities in these sites. In 73 IDP camps across 11 LGAs in Borno State, the average allocation of water is 14 liters per person per day, below the minimum standard of 15 liters per person per day, while IPDs are sharing a drop hole latrine with an average of 72 people, below the minimum standard of 50 people per drop hole latrine.
The emergency nutrition situation faced by newly arrived children from inaccessible areas is of critical concern, with an average GAM prevalence of 15 per cent and above in two LGAs in Yobe State, and 11 per cent and above in 9 LGAs in Borno State. This includes at least 28,700 children screened in 9 LGAs in Borno State, between October 2017 and August 2018, with GAM rates ranging from 11.4 to 50.1 per cent.
Ongoing and protracted displacement puts an additional stress on existing and already limited WASH services and facilities, and with congested populations in displacement sites, waterborne diseases spread rapidly. Cholera outbreaks have struck each year: in 2018, the cholera outbreak has affected 18 LGAs with a total of 4,250 cases and 1.5 million people, including IDPs and host communities, are considered at risk of cholera in the affected LGAs.
Amongst the sites where IDPs lived within host communities, 90 per cent  ( up from 89% in Round 26 )  had some form of security.
Security perimeters are further restricting the decongestion and extension of existing camps, exacerbating protection risks  ( especially women and girls as they face threats, assault and risks of violence and rape )  and restricting IDPs' livelihood opportunites. In 2018, several relocations   both organized and voluntary due to the security situation   sometimes of entire IDP sites in Borno State and individual returnee households in Adamawa and Borno states affecting more than 6,000 people mainly in Kala/Balge and Biu  ( Borno State ) , have occurred, thereby creating new emergency needs, including for shelter and NFIs.
The GAM prevalence in new arrivals in Bama was reported higher near reception centers  ( 37.5 per cent )  than in IDP sites  ( 7.8 per cent ) , underlying inadequate case management and treatment in reception centers. The same survey also reveals a higher prevalence of GAM in camps  ( 13.6 per cent )  in comparison to host communities  ( 6.9 per cent ) . Ongoing displacements within the north east, with increasing influxes from inaccessible areas, has also severely stretched the already limited and inadequate provision of life saving nutrition services.
Approximately 240,000 children and pregnant and lactating women are trapped in inaccessible areas, and those arriving in the reception sites are extremely vulnerable. Female headed households, as well as orphaned, separated or unaccompanied children, face additional challenges in safely accessing humanitarian assistance and basic services and are at higher risk for sexual exploitation and abuse, and gender based violence
The verified caseload includes children living in displacement sites such as IDP Camps, as well as those in host communities. Out of the 5,757 children verified, 3,339  ( 58% )  were residing in host communities, while 2,428  ( 42% )  were residing in IDP Camps.
Children are especially susceptible to the combination of malnutrition and water borne diseases, which are difficult to treat simultaneously. Health service provision remains low, due to extensive damage  ( two thirds of health facilities in the BAY states have been damaged )  and inadequate human resources, and insufficient medical supplies, hampering the ability to identify and treat SAM and MAM conditions before worsening. Without addressing the underlying causes, vulnerability to severe and acute malnutrition will not be averted.
A surge in attacks over the last two months in Nigeria's restive Borno state is driving a dire displacement crisis in which tens of thousands of people are seeking refuge in already over crowded camps, where they are in need of shelter, water, food, and other basic necessities. The Borno state capital Maiduguri is now struggling to cope with an influx of over 30,000 people seeking safety from violence. Many people are living in makeshift shelters as authorities work to open a new camp to house some of the newly displaced people.
Displaced people from northeast Nigeria and neighbouring Cameroon often arrive in Gwoza, a town controlled by the military and surrounded by mountains and the Sambisa forest, where armed groups are believed to be active. We carry out nutritional and health screenings of new arrivals and provides them with mental health support. Where necessary, our teams also carry out protection activities. We also provide primary and secondary healthcare, and health screenings for new arrivals, in the town of Pulka, just north of Gwoza. Pulka hosts more than 40,000 displaced people, some in camps, others living in the host community. The town is completely controlled by the military and people's movements are limited
Lack of safe access to fuel and energy continues to prevent affected populations from efficiently and safely cooking food. In addition to negatively affecting nutritional intake, this increases protection risks, especially for women and girls, and also has adverse health and environmental impacts, particularly in overcongested camp settings
Heavy rainfall was reported in northeast Nigeria. Many IDP camps in Borno State are completely flooded, with hundreds of shelters destroyed and thousands of families affected. The situation is further aggravated by the lack of proper drainage in most camps. Incessant rains also led to the displacement of 5,300 people in Yobe State. The displaced persons are in dire need of shelter, food assistance and non food items.
In Yobe and Adamawa states, improved security and less restricted movement in most LGAs have led to an increased ability to resume agricultural and livestock livelihood activities. In remote locations in Yobe State however, people continue experiencing low food consumption, deteriorated nutrition status, and difficulties in accessing food due to insecurity.
While the improved food consumption in 2018 is encouraging, the continued high use of negative coping strategies  ( begging, borrowing, survival sex, early or forced marriage, and selling of woodfuel and productive assets ) , particularly by femaleheaded and child headed IDP households, means that ongoing food and livelihood assistance is needed. Monitoring is also important  ( including protection monitoring )  during the harvest from October 2018.
In Borno state, seventy one per cent  ( 71% )  of the caseload in IDP Camps reported access to safe shelter, in Yobe, seventy five per cent  ( 75% )  of the caseload in IDP Camps reported having access to safe shelter, however in Adamawa, none of the children residing in IDP Camps reported having access to safe shelter.
This is further exacerbated during the rainy season and by sporadic hostilities. Intermittent closure of markets by security personnel in the north east continues to reduce volatile insecurity and casualties caused by NSAGs. Significant areas also remain inaccessible to humanitarian actors, and it is likely that the needs in those areas are similar or worse than those in adjoining accessible areas.
Scarcity or unsafe access to cooking fuel leads households to switch to lower quality food or eat fewer meals; resort to undercooking food to save on fuel, which increases risks of diseases; or they may sell part of their ration to procure cooking fuel  ( and condiments ) .
This pre existing fragile situation of the education system has been exacerbated by the conflict. Nearly 40 per cent of teachers are teaching more than 80 learners in the same classroom; 30 per cent of schools hold classes under trees due to inadequate learning spaces; 35 per cent have an adequate source of drinking water; 35 per cent do not have water and sanitation facilities; and 16 per cent have adequate facilities for handwashing.
Restrictions on freedom of movement of the civilian population prevents the large scale resumption of livelihoods for all population groups and exposes them, especially women and girls, to heightened protection risks including GBV, sexual exploitation and abuse, and abduction;
The biggest barrier to education is that many families simply cannot afford education fees and levies, in a context of decreased purchasing power due to lack of income and high dependence on humanitarian assistance. Socio economic difficulties have resulted in many households resorting to negative coping mechanisms, such as removing children from schools, involving children in activities to provide supplementary income for basic needs and early marriage. These socio economic activities also increase the risk of child trafficking and child recruitment.
The crisis in the north east has resulted in mass displacement with 1,8 million IDPs in the BAY states, in addition to 1,6 million returnees. Of these IDPs, 40 per cent  ( 783,000 people )  are living in 263 sites mostly in Borno State, while 60 per cent are living either with host families or on their own. Of the IDPs in sites, 40 per cent live in official camps, and the remainder in informal collective settlements.
Across Nigeria's northeastern Borno State and in neighbouring countries, existing camp facilities are overstretched. Having thousands flock to the same locations leaves people in dire need of shelter, food, and water, and can lead to unsanitary conditions and greater risk of disease outbreaks, Hassan told IRIN. Because of the“spike in attacks'and displacements in Borno State since November, NRC expressed concern about the resulting humanitarian crisis.
Infrastructural gaps continue to hinder access to education and quality delivery of learning; • Limited livelihood opportunities contribute to many households engaging children in income generating activities, with serious protection consequences; • Inadequate teachers and facilities in junior secondary schools, in particular outside Jere and MMC LGAs in Borno State; and • There exists no harmonised accelerated learning programme for out of school children beyond school age.
School levies and fees continue to severely hinder access to education; • Education sector funding remains insufficient  ( 17 per cent, FTS November 2018 )  with most projects being short term; • Additional funding for education is needed from the state governments, especially in Yobe and Adamawa states, to complement the efforts of humanitarian partners
Price levels remain a major constraint to food access for market dependent, conflict affected households because of reduced or limited income earning opportunities and depleted food stocks. The price of maize increased in August above its two year average in most monitored states, with Borno State currently at about 50 per cent. Where security allows, increasing resilience based livelihood assistance is critical to ensure that households can build long term self sufficiency.
Boko Haram launched a 14 January attack that reportedly killed 14 people in Rann. Homes and buildings were destroyed, includingMédecins Sans Frontièresand UNICEF clinics, as well as compounds belonging to the International Organisation for Migration, the World Health Organisation, and the International Committee of the Red Cross. Regional troops fighting Boko Haram worked to secure the town, but when they withdrew more than 9,000 people fled, on foot, towards Bodo in Cameroon. About 1,800 of them – mostly women and children – managed to remain with host families in villages near Makary and Fotokol, according to David Manan, Cameroon director for the Norwegian Refugee Council. But the majority were forced out of Cameroon, with little choice but to return to Rann. About a week later, another 35,000 people fled Rann for Cameroon, fearing another militant attack. Most now reside in a makeshift settlement in the Cameroonian village of Goura,UN Newsreported, saying the refugees are safe and haven't – for now – been asked to leave.
The conflict in north east Nigeria has had a profound impact on an entire generation of school children. Schools, students and teachers have been attacked repeatedly, reducing school enrollment and increasing the probability of school dropout. The highprofile kidnapping of the Chibok girls in 2014 and the Dapchi girls in 2018 has also negatively affected the commitment of parents to send their children – especially the girls – to school. Further, many children carry emotional and physical scars associated with the conflict.
Unforeseen damages due to storm and flooding, particularly in LGAs in Adamawa, have raised concerns about secondary displacement to areas free of flooding which could lead to additional needs.
June 22: Nigerian troops killed two Boko Haram militants in Gwoza, Borno. June 22: Bandits killed three in Maradun, Zamfara. June 23: Gunmen killed three and abducted three in Danmusa, Katsina. June 23: Nigerian troops killed three Boko Haram militants in Dikwa, Borno.
Evictions, especially of informal IDP settlements  ( including in schools or other public buildings, or on lands of commercial interest )  are an increasing concern with 300 IDPs evicted in five IDP sites in October 2018. Typically, eviction notices are issued at short notice, without adequate time and coordination to adequately identify and prepare alternative solutions for the affected IDPs.
Continued displacement movements, as a result of ongoing attacks and military operations, overstretching camp capacities; • Restrictions on freedom of movement of IDPs in/out of camps, undermining livelihood opportunities and exposing IDPs, especially women, boys and girls, to heightened risks, including harrassment, GBV and SEA, child labour, early marriage, child recruitment, etc
Conflict in the north east has severely undermined the communications infrastructure in the BAY states. Especially outside of urban centers, the lack of reliable – or non available   telecommunications, mobile networks and Internet services continues to hinder humanitarians and partners' ability to operate in a highly insecure environment.
The crisis has adversely affected the most vulnerable civilian population, particularly women and children, older persons, and persons with disabilities or serious medical conditions. Almost 63 per cent of those displaced are children and the number of females and children headed households is on the increase because male heads of households have either been detained, killed or fear to return to join their families.
In the reporting week 26  ( 24th – 30th June, 2019 )  two new confirmedi cases were reported from two states – Edo ( 1 )  and Benue ( 1 )  states with one new death from Benue state  From 1 st January to 30th June, 2019, a total of 2882 suspectedi cases have been reported from 22 states. Of these, 603 were confirmed positive, 17 probable and 2262 negative  ( not a case )   Since the onset of the 2019 outbreak, there have been 136 deaths in confirmed cases. Case fatality ratio in confirmed cases is 22.6%
Freedom of movement in areas considered accessible is also heavily restricted, including in and out of camps. This greatly impacts the communities' ability to engage in livelihoods, undermining opportunities to support self reliance and durable solutions to displacement. It also restricts people's access to basic services. The restrictions on freedom of movement, in addition to congestion in camps, heighten the risk, especially for women and girls, of sexual exploitation and abuse, by those authorities or other groups controlling access to the camps.
June 27: Two soldiers, one policeman, and twenty nine bandits were killed during an attack in Shinkafi, Zamfara. June 28: The Nigerian Air Force killed "several"  ( estimated at ten )  Boko Haram militants in Bakassi, Borno.
• 233,966  ( 109 per cent )  children with severe acute malnutrition  ( SAM )  received treatment at UNICEF supported treatment centres. • 3,321,767  ( 142 per cent )  IDPs  ( including 1,594,448 children under 5 years )  were provided with integrated primary health care services at UNICEFsupported health facilities. • At least 1,228,266  ( 116 per cent )  conflict affected persons were reached with WASH services.
Eleven  ( 11 )  new cases reported from 26 th to 28 th June, 2019 from the 3 LGAs bringing total case count to 156 o One  ( 1 )  new death reported within the reporting period, cumulative deaths stands at 2  ( CFR=1.28% ) . o No new wards are affected. Total number of wards which reported at least one suspected case still stands at 14 o Preliminary discussions on OCV campaign has commenced
As the year drew to a close, the total number of IDPs in 2018 peaked at 1.81 million1 , up from about 1.6 million2 at the beginning of the year. New displacements of people over the course of 2018 were relatively stable, with a total of 176,000 newly displaced people in Adamawa, Borno and Yobe states. The last weeks of December witnessed the highest movement of people, due to increased conflict between Nigerian security forces  ( SF )  and non state armed groups  ( NSAGs ) , especially in northern Borno. Hostilities in Baga on 26 December and Monguno on 28 December resulted in significant fresh displacement, with new registrations at camps in Maiduguri and Monguno estimated at 44,032 people in 11 camps  ( 10 in MMC and 1 in Monguno ) . With increased IDPs, the availability of land for humanitarian response has become an increasingly urgent limitation for humanitarian partners attempting to provide shelter, constructlatrines and provide safe water. In Monguno, over 10,000 persons are currently sleeping outside without any shelter, almost all camps in Maiduguri are congested and more people continue to arrive.
Anecdotal reports indicate that in addition to the everyday struggles faced by women and girls, they are often forced into survival sex in exchange for food, movement and items to meet their basic needs. Further, at least 49,500 girls and boys have been exposed to recruitment by armed groups and other grave child rights violations.
The situation facing women and girls is particularly dire. Violence against women and girls, including sexual violence, and exposure to trafficking and abduction is widespread but underreported. Some 99 per cent of reported GBV incidents in the first half of 2018 were made by women and girls. Of the women and girls who were forced and abducted from their homes by NSAGs, many are raped, forced into marriage and labour, abused physically, sexually and/or emotionally, exposed to sexually transmitted diseases, and often impregnated by their captors.
Recruitment and use of children, boys and girls alike, by nonstate armed actors, is extensive. Adolescent boys and men face a high risk of forced recruitment by NSAGs and, if they resist, of disappearance and killing; once outside of NSAG controlled areas, they risk arbitrary arrest and detention by the military on suspicion of affiliation with NSAGs. An estimated 823,000 civilians remain in inaccessible areas, cut off from international assistance and protection interventions. Those who manage to flee often are stigmatized.
In July, the rainy season and a rise in security incidents significantly impacted the crisis affected population, requiring rapid response by humanitarian actors across sectors. Heavy rainfalls heightened the risk of disease outbreaks, particularly waterborne diseases. This is directly linked to stagnant water and poor hygiene conditions in camps flooded by rains, further exacerbated by overcrowding in camps and camp like settings. For example, 300 new cases of cholera were reported in Adamawa State from 1 to 31 July, with two additional deaths, bringing the total number of cases to 457 with four deaths  ( CFR=0.87% )  since the outbreak was declared on 18 June 2019
The number of arrivals reported for the month of May stands at 33, 897 about 20,338 more than what was reported last month  ( April ) . The highest number of arrivals  ( 10,247 INDs )  was reproted in Damboa LGA in Borno due to recent military operations. LGAs with more than 1,000 arrivals include Akira Uba  ( 9,675 ) , and Maiduguri  ( 2,360 )  in Borno state as well as Madagali  ( 1,141 )  and Yola south  ( 1,016 )  in Adamawa State. Borno state recorded a total of 26,952 while Adamawa state had a total arrival of 6,945.
There were 2,055 international arrivals from Camerron, Niger and Chad. 7,052 departures were recorded. Madagali LGA in Adamawa and Askira Uba in Borno States recorded highest number of depatures. There were 2 departures from Bama LGA in Borno to Cameroon for economic reason.
Meanwhile, in Yobe, the group launched an attack on the military base in Goniri. However, based on intelligence reports, military forces had prepared for the attack and reportedly killed several militants. Inter communal conflict continued in Wukari this week between the Tiv and Junkun, with Tiv militias killing a reported 20 civilians this week. Beyond a failed peace agreement between the groups, the government has done little to stem these clashes.
A total of 7681 contacts have been identified from 9 States. Of these 507 ( 6.6% )  are currently being followed up, 7098 ( 92.4% )  have completed 21 days follow up, while 12 ( 0.2% )  were lost to follow up. 127 ( 1.7% )  symptomatic contacts have been identified, of which 64 ( 0.8% )  have tested positive  National Lassa fever multi partner, multi sectoral Technical Working Group  ( TWG )  continues to coordinate response activities at all levels
There is a serious shortage of skilled health care workers, particularly doctors, nurses and midwives, with many remaining reluctant to work inaccessible areas because of ongoing armed conflict.  Continuous population displacements and influx of returnees and/or refugees disrupt and further challenges the health programs implementation.  Access to secondary health care and referral services in remote areas is significantly limited.  Unavailability of network coverage in the newly liberated areas negatively affects timely submission of health data for prompt decision making.
High risk of epidemic outbreaks especially cholera, meningitis, measles, yellow fever. The northeast region is highly endemic for malaria and cholera.  Unpredictable security situation hampers movements of health workers, drugs and other medical supplies.  Although health situation is improving under the NE Nigeria Health Sector 2019 Strategy, the health service delivery continues to be hampered by the breakdown of health facilities infrastructure.
The crisis induced by non State armed groups  ( NSAGs )  remains the principal driving factor of instability in Northeast Nigeria. Since 2010, they have increasingly expanded their operational capabilities. In May 2013 a state of emergency was declared by the Government in Borno, Adamawa and Yobe States.
The combined effects of extreme weather, armed conflicts, high insecurity and volatile prices increasingly contribute to severe food insecurity and malnutrition in many areas of the Sahel. The spillover of the armed conflicts in Mali and the Lake Chad basin renders the provision of basic services to the population even more difficult. Protection needs are on the rise, with gender based violence and child protection among the issues. Livelihoods and trade remain severely disrupted by the impact of insecurity. In addition to the humanitarian consequences on the local population, insecurity exacerbates humanitarian access and impedes the delivery of emergency assistance to people in need.
MMC and Jere households demonstrated the second highest health needs  ( 61% )  in Borno state. Quality barriers and low immunization coverage affected half of the households  ( 52% and 51%, respectively ) . Distance barriers were greatest for nondisplaced households  ( 55% ) , despite its relative urbanity. Nearly two third of households in Jere LGA  ( 65% )  and half of households in Maiduguri  ( 53% )  had health needs, mostly due to the distance of health facilities and low child vaccination rates.
On 20 May 2019, security forces displaced more than 10,000 people from Sabon Gari and Azur communities  ( Damboa Local Government Area, LGA ) , relocating them to Damboa town as part of a new military operation called “Hard Strike'. The relocation follows the closure of the Maiduguri Biu road, and markets in Damboa, Beneshiek and Ngamdu towns. Needs assessments confirmed that 8,005 internally displaced persons  ( IDPs )  in Damboa are staying in open areas without shelter.
As of 27 May 2019, a total of 9,432 individuals from Sabon Gari and Azur communities  ( on the border between Damboa and Biu LGAs )  were forcibly displaced by military authorities to Damboa town. Needs assessments confirmed that 8,005 people including highly vulnerable individuals are staying in open areas without shelter . The provision of shelter and WASH facilities for new arrivals remains complicated until aid agencies are able to start construction on a newly designated site for displaced families.
So far, 65 deaths  ( CFR=7.2% )  have been recorded among all suspected cases  In the last four weeks  ( Epi Wk16 to Epi Wk19,2019 ) , no LGA is in the alert threshold  Media messages have been developed and disseminated via conventional and social media  Monitoring of situation continues across the high risk states.
o Thirteen  ( 13 )  new cases reported from 3 rd July to 5 th July, 2019 from the 3 affected LGAs bringing total case count to 213. o No new death reported within the reporting period  ( CFR=1.41% ) . o No new ward affected. Total number of wards which reported at least one suspected case still stands at 15.
July 3: Bandits killed eighteen in Kankara, Katsina. July 3: Nigerian troops killed "several"  ( estimated at ten )  Boko Haram militants in Nganzai, Borno. July 3: Gunmen killed one police officer and kidnapped two Chinese nationals in Oredo, Edo
He said the attackers sneaked into the town on foot at about 2:00 am “They slaughtered their first victim in the Kasuwar Shanu area and looted his provision store before moving to Fulatari area where they shot dead two residents,' he said.
On the other hand, some LGAs saw increases in the number of IDPs. Maiduguri M.C. witnessed the highest increase in the number of IDPs it is hosting. The LGA, which already hosts the highest number of displaced persons among all the affected LGAs in north eastern Nigeria, saw an increment of 29,010 IDPs, or 12 per cent. This increase is a result of new arrivals displaced from surrounding LGAs, triggered by recent hostilities. Nganzai with an increment of 7,212 IDPs, or 24 per cent and Damaturu with an increment of 5,997 IDPs, or 24 per cent are the other two LGAs that witnessed a notable increase in IDP population.
Maiduguri, 17 June 2019 –The UN Humanitarian Coordinator in Nigeria, Mr. Edward Kallon, strongly condemns the multiple suicide bombings that claimed the lives of at least 30 civilians and injured more than 40 others on the evening of Sunday 16 June 2019. The attacks took place in the Mandarari community of Konduga Local Government Area, less than 40 kilometers away from Maiduguri, the Borno State capital.
Demographic and vulnerability patterns in Borno State varied greatly between geographic regions and population groups. State wide, more than half of households had one or more vulnerabilities present, with pregnant and lactating women and female headed households being the most common, followed by households with high age dependency ratios, household with chronically ill or disabled members, and households hosting separated or unaccompanied children. Vulnerabilities in East Borno were extremely high, with almost three fourths of households being vulnerable, regardless of their population group.One in four households in Borno were female headed households, with the highest rate being reported in MMC and Jere, followed by East Borno, and the lowest rate being in Southern Borno. The low rates in Southern Borno may be attributable to the conflict causing less influence in this domain and therein having less effect on the presence or absence of men in the households, due to less frequent abductions or conflict related deaths. Returnee households across the state were more likely to be female headed, with the exception of MMC and Jere where more than 40% of IDP households were female headed.
ETT assessments iden�fied the following movement triggers: voluntary reloca�on  ( 43% ) , improved security  ( 19% ) , fear of a�ack  ( 9% ) , ongoing conflict  ( 1% )  military opera�on  ( 5% )  and poor living condi�ons  ( 23% )
July 4: A pipeline explosion caused by vandals killed three in Alimosho, Lagos. July 4: Boko Haram killed five soldiers in Damboa, Borno. July 5: One police officer and one kidnapper were killed during a gun battle in Dunukofia, Anambra.
Disease outbreaks continue to pose a significant threat to the lives of affected communities especially children. A total of 20,127 suspected cases of measles were recorded in the whole country with about 50 per cent of these cases in Borno alone  ( 10,487 cases with 10 associated deaths  ( CFR: 0.5% )  in 21 LGAs and 37 IDP camps.
93% of all confirmed cases are from Edo  ( 38% ) , Ondo  ( 31% ) , Ebonyi  ( 7% ) , Bauchi  ( 7% ) , Taraba ( 5% )  and Plateau  ( 5% )  states.  Predominant age group affected is 21 40 years  ( Range: >1 month to 98 years, Median Age: 34 years ) .  The male to female ratio for confirmed cases is 1:1.  In the reporting week 42, no new health care worker was affected. A total of nineteen health care workers have been infected since the onset of the outbreak in ten States – Edo  ( 6 ) , Ondo  ( 4 ) , Ebonyi  ( 2 ) , Enugu  ( 1 ) , Rivers  ( 1 ) , Bauchi  ( 1 ) , Benue  ( 1 ) , Delta  ( 1 ) , Plateau  ( 1 )  and Kebbi  ( 1 )  with two deaths in Enugu and Edo States.
In this reporting week, 11th February – 17th February, 2019: o 103 suspected cases were recorded. o Three new presumptive positive cases were recorded: § NCDC Central Public Health Laboratory  ( CPHL )  reported the three new presumptive cases from Edo State   2  ( Ovia South West and Esan North East LGAs )  and Ondo State   1  ( Ose LGA )  § Two confirmed and one inconclusive cases were reported on 15th February from Institut Pasteur Dakar: Kwara   1  ( Ifelodun LGA ) , FCT   1  ( Gwagwalada Area Council )  and inconclusive Edo State  ( Esan West LGA )   ( note: pending samples from 2018 ) . o Edo State Yellow fever outbreak has been declared over: § Reactive vaccination campaign was carried out in 13  ( 72.2% )  LGAs. § Total number of 1,734,423 were vaccinated with  ( 120.1% )  coverage. o The national Yellow Fever Level 2 Emergency Operation Centre  ( EOC )  has been de activated. o Response activities coordinated by the Yellow Fever Technical Working Group  ( YF TWG ) .
 Continuous population displacements and influx of returnees and/or refugees disrupt and further challenges the health programs implementation.  Access to secondary health care and referral services in remote areas is significantly limited.  Unavailability of network coverage in the newly liberated areas negatively affects timely submission of health data for prompt decision making.
High risk of epidemic outbreaks especially cholera, meningitis, measles, yellow fever. The northeast region is highly endemic for malaria and cholera.  Unpredictable security situation hampers movements of health workers, drugs and other medical supplies.
Child marriage is also widespread. Nigeria has the largest number of child brides in Africa, and the second highest number globally. Most child brides are from poor and rural communities. Government estimates show that about two in ten girls and more than one in two marry before their 15th and 18th birthdays, respectively.
• There were 1977 suspected cases of measles reported from 32 States and FCT. None was laboratory confirmed and nine deaths were recorded
From 1st January – 17th February, 2019: o 254 suspected cases have been reported in 134  ( 17.3% )  LGAs. o All suspected cases had blood samples collected. o 11 presumptive positive and one inconclusive cases from 4 states in 9 LGAs: Edo  ( 6 ) , Ondo  ( 3 ) , Kebbi  ( 1 )  and Imo  ( 1 ) , inconclusive case from Imo  ( 1 ) . o No IP Dakar confirmed case from 2019 data. o No death has been recorded.
In Borno State, shelter/NFI needs were observed in nearly one in two households  ( 48% ) , mostly driven by households lacking at least half of the basic NFI kit items, 34 and sharing shelter with another family. IDP households reported the highest shelter/NFI needs  ( 68% ) , followed by returnee  ( 60% )  and non displaced households  ( 41% ) , mostly due to relatively fewer IDP households having access to adequate shelter or at least half of the items in a basic NFI kit.
In September 2016, a Kaduna State Judicial Commission of Inquiry recommended prosecuting soldiers involved in the Zaria killings. State prosecutors ignored that recommendation. However, they brought charges against 177 members of the Shia movement for the killing of Cpl. Dan Kaduna Yakubu, the only military casualty in the incident.
Livelihoods needs were highest in Central Borno, with nearly two thirds of households in need  ( 63% ) . IDPs and nondisplaced reported higher needs than returnees, mostly due to a higher likelihood of decreased income and indebtedness. Additionally, one in ten non displaced and returnee households reported using crisis or emergency level coping strategies  ( 11% ) , while not having access to cash affected returnee households the most  ( 15% ) . On the LGA level, the highest needs were reported in Damboa  ( 72% ) , Monguno  ( 68% )  and Konduga LGA  ( 56% ) .
Education needs overall were the lowest in the state in Northern Borno with 59% of households expressing this need, with no noted difference across the population groups. Access to school supplies proved to be challenging in Northern Borno, with 97% of households reporting lacking access to school bags, notebooks and textbooks. Yet by LGA, four fifths of households in Guzamala LGA had education needs  ( 80% ) , which was among the highest in the state. This was mainly due to households reportedly not having access to school supplies  ( 99% ) , and two thirds of households having a child who never attended formal schooling  ( 60% ) , or was not attending school  ( 64% )  at the time of data collection.
Many families in the Northeast region of Nigeria have known violence for more than a decade. The ensuing humanitarian challenges they have experienced are enormous. From losing their source of livelihoods to forced displacement. According to the United Nations  ( UN ) , in 2019, about 140,000 people have been displaced and more than 3 million people made food insecure as a result of renewed violence.
Over one third of households lived in a ward here key informants reported explosives incidents  ( 39% ) . Security incidents were the highest in this region across the state  ( 13% ) , especially among returnee households  ( 25% ) . The highest proportion of households with protection needs occurred in Damboa LGA with 92% reporting protection concerns. The second highest needs across the state were much less frequently reported as compared to Damboa and occurred in Mafa LGA  ( 47% )  and Magumeri LGA  ( 44% ) .
Household vulnerabilities exacerbated the already high level of multi sectoral needs of households in the state of Adamawa. Close to 75% of households categorized as having very high multi sectoral needs also included at least one member with a vulnerability. This proportion reached 45% of households with low needs; 45% of households with moderate needs, and 26% of households with high needs.
While high reports of barriers to accessing health services were reported across population groups, IDP households reported less distance to the nearest health facility compared to non displaced and returnee households, likely due to their geographical distribution generally in more urban areas where service provision and infrastructure might be more dense.
The majority of households with unmet needs in nutrition were also vulnerable two thirds of households with nutrition needs in the state of Adamawa also exhibited a household vulnerability. When looking at the sectoral need / vulnerable household ratio, non displaced and returnee households were more affected than IDP households – however the low percentage overall and margins of error could not allow for a clear trend on this observation.
To meet their daily food needs, many conflict affected households in northeastern Nigeria remain reliant on humanitarian assistance, support from host communities, and market purchases. As violence continues to disrupt livelihoods and trade, Crisis  ( IPC 3 )  and Emergency  ( IPC 4 )  levels of acute food insecurity will persist in much of the region through at least September, the Famine Early Warning Systems Network  ( FEWS NET )  projects. FEWS NET also notes that food security outcomes in areas that relief actors cannot reach are likely similar to, or worse than, conditions in nearby accessible areas.
In Southern Adamawa, a lower proportion of households had unmet nutrition needs. However, compared to Northern Adamawa, the proportions were more equally distributed across population groups. IDP and returnee households were more affected with 6% and 4% had unmet nutrition needs, whereas 2% of non displaced households had unmet nutrition needs. This followed the general trend of displaced population groups presenting more sectoral needs in Southern Adamawa but nondisplaced households presenting a higher prevalence of vulnerabilities.
The four northermost LGAs of Adamawa –Madagali, Michika, Mubi North and Mubi South were the LGAs most affected by shelter and NFI needs. Eighty percent of households in Mubi South, 78% in Michika, and 74% in both Madagali and Mubi North were found to be in need of shelter and NFI support. They were also the LGAs where needs in this sector were found to be most severe with an average severity of 5.3 in Mubi North, 5.2 in both Madagali and Mubi South, and 4.9 in Michika.
On Thursday 18 July, 2019, a convoy of vehicles was attacked on the road to Damasak, Borno State, Nigeria.One of the drivers was killed, while one Action Against Hunger staff member, two of the drivers and three health workers are missing.
In addition to this poor access to food items, within the agriculture sub composite indicators, the main driving indicator showed that a majority of households in the state could not plant or cultivate in the dry season prior to data collection  ( 62% )  – raising concerns on the capacities of households to sustainably meet their food needs.
In addition, 65% of those displaced households also reported that they were in debt, and between one quarter and one third reported that they were resorting to “crisis' or “emergency' livelihoods related coping strategies. Thus, the analysis done above at state level was all the more relevant looking in particular at those households in Norther Adamawa.
A s a result of this, the highest needs among returnees were registered in Central Yobe whereas, for IDPs and non displaced the highest needs occurred in Northern Yobe  ( 14% for IDPs and 34% for non displaced ) . This should be taken as a call for more information to the living conditions of returnees in Central Yobe for whom poverty may be an underlying driving force of need, as opposed to IDPs and non displaced for whom displacement and insecurity may be underlying WASH needs.
Twenty two  ( 22 )  new cases reported from 28th June to 1 st July, 2019 from the 3 LGAs bringing total case count to 178 o No new death reported within the reporting period  ( CFR=1.12% ) . o One new ward affected. Total number of wards which reported at least one suspected case now stands at 15 o Clearing of huge dumping site in the heart of Yola metropolis by the Adamawa State Ministry of Environment has started.
Results show that the average daily number of individuals observed in June, at the FMPs in Nigeria, was 1,419. This represents a three per cent decrease compared to May 2019, this was attributed to the extreme weather conditions  ( high rainfall )  experienced on some days of the month.
Women and girls in Nigeria face entrenched exclusion and discrimination, which contribute to risk of trafficking. Nigeria is ranked 157 out of 186 countries in the United Nations' Gender Development Index and the Gender Inequality Index. Most Nigerian women are employed in the agricultural sector, but they earn less than their male counterparts, and more female than male youth are unemployed. More males than females are literate in Nigeria, with women in northern part of the country having lower literacy levels.
July 9: Bandits killed five in Shiroro, Niger. July 9: Three were killed, including one policeman, when Shiites and police clashed in Abuja. July 9: Kidnappers abducted sixteen travelers in Ikwerre, Rivers. July 9: Nigerian police killed three in Obio/Akpor, Rivers. July 9: Gunmen killed four in Ardo Kola, Taraba.