nlp-thedeep/humsetbias huggingface dataset:
Protection risks are also most significant for refugee and migrants, compared to other groups of concern, including being arrested, detained, restricted freedom of movement and a lack of access to shelter and essential services. Women and children migrants and refugees have the most severe needs.
Among the refugee and migrant population, women are more likely to have poorer nutrition, access to shelter, less opportunities for work and therefore barriers to marketplaces, than men8². An estimated 35 per cent of all migrant and refugee children are unaccompanied or separated children8³ putting them at greater risk of exploitation and abuse. In particular, child labour among refugee and migrant children is common, particularly in the south where 79 per cent of respondents reported encountering refugee or migrant children working in their baladiya in the past year, compared to 54 per cent of respondents in the west and 32 per cent in the east.
Standard health kits were only provided in Ejdabia, Misrata, Tripoli, Ubari, Wadi Ascshati and Zwara districts.
• Increased food insecurity linked to decreased food production due to lack of agricultural inputs and loss of labour due to sickness or less manpower.
Other vulnerable groups also face protection risks. Of those in need, an estimated 166,000 people, out of whom 88 per cent are women and girls, are at risk of GBV and in urgent need of GBV related services. Equally, 160,000 children are identified with severe needs related to their physical and mental well being and living standards
OCHA said 900.000 people are now in need for humanitarian assistance due to the ongoing fighting since April 2019 as well as the economic and political instabilities.
o Of the 64 confirmed cases, 3 patients have died, 28 have recovered and 33 are under follow up. Most confirmed cases are in Tripoli  ( 49 including 3 deaths )  followed by Misrata  ( 10 ) , Benghazi  ( 4 )  and Surman  ( 1 ) . o Thus far, a total of 4155 samples have been tested  ( 3005 in Tripoli and 1150 in Benghazi ) .
o In Benghazi  ( east Libya )  an armed group opened fire inside the intensive care unit  ( ICU )  in Al Jalla hospital. Doctors and nurses were assaulted and life saving medical equipment was damaged. All critically ill patients were transferred to Benghazi Medical Centre.
During the reporting period, several tragic incidents of shipwrecks were reported, including the 23 November incident off the coast of Lampedusa, Italy, when a boat, carrying 170 migrants capsized 1.6 km from the island as it was being escorted by the coast guard resulting in the tragic death of 21 people while at least 16 were reported missing.
Ongoing fighting in and around Sirt, following shifts in territorial control in the Sirt region in early January, is driving more people from their homes, especially in the frontline area of Abu Qurain. More than 2,000 people have fled the area, according to the Libyan local crisis committees.
In April 2019 conflict between the LNA and the opposing GNA escalated after Khalifa Haftar, commander of the LNA, announced an offensive on Tripoli where the GNA is based. Fighting in and around the capital Tripoli is affecting 1.5 million people.Clashes between the LNA, the GNA and their respective allied forces have caused the displacement of more than 140,000 people and over 100 civilian deaths.
Neither parties appear to have taken significant territory since June 2019 when the GNA captured the LNA's main base in Ghariyan. Although the conflict in Tripoli has stalemated, escalations in the southern parts of Tripoli continue to affect the safety and lives of civilians in the surrounding areas.
As of December 2019, the frontlines include the Aziziyya area where the LNA launched a campaign in an attempt to isolate GNA forces in Ghariyan from support forces in southern Tripoli. The extensive involvement of international allies has been crucial to the dynamics of the conflict. International actors are intervening in Libya and supplying arms, including fighter jets and drones, to different parties of the conflict despite the UN arms embargo.
More than 100 bodies were recovered from the old city, including those of women and children  ( S/2019/682, para. 25 ) . Moreover, the Libyan National Army affiliates reportedly launched a broad intimidation campaign inside the city, targeting the families and perceived associates of members of the Derna Protection Force  ( ibid., para. 46 ) . Arbitrary arrests and the forced displacement of civilians continued.
On 10 August, in Benghazi, a vehicle borne improvised explosive device detonated, targeting an UNSMIL convoy, killing three United Nations staff members and wounding 10 civilians, including a four year old boy and two United Nations staff members. No one claimed responsibility.
A number of armed conflicts involving multiple parties have been reported in Libya. The most recent ongoing round of hostilities following the march of the Libyan National Army on Tripoli mainly broke out in the context of a non international armed conflict opposing the Government of National Accord, its affiliated armed groups and third States supporting it against the Libyan National Army.
Between 1 January and 30 November, UNSMIL documented 582 civilian casualties  ( 236 deaths and 346 injured ) , including 430 men, 54 boys, and 58 other males whose age could not be determined, 23 women and seven girls.
There are reports that armed groups running detention centres are recruiting migrants to support militias aligned with the GNA by moving and loading weapons, cleaning cars impacted by violence, and taking part in the fighting.On the night of 2 July, two airstrikes hit Tajoura detention centre in the outskirts of Tripoli, killing 53 people, including six children, and wounding 130 more.
On 2 July, a fighter jet dropped two bombs on the Damam complex in Tajoura. The first bomb hit a vehicle repair workshop and maintenance facility. Ten minutes later, a second bomb hit a section of a detention facility, where 616 migrants and refugees were staying. The attack killed 53 migrants and refugees, including 47 men and six boys, and injured 87 others, all men.
The UN Support Mission in Libya reports that at least 131 civilian casualties  ( 64 deaths and 67 people injured )  were documented in the first three months of 2020. Civilian casualties have increased by 45 per cent the first quarter of 2020 compared to the last quarter of 2019
On 23 April, an armed group attacked the Qasr bin Gashir detention centre with small arms fire as migrants were celebrating a Christian festival, injuring two men and six boys aged between 15 and 17 years.
Although the annual number of deaths has decreased every year since 2016 when more than 5,000 lost their lives crossing the Mediterranean, the proportion of deaths compared to attempted crossings rose in both the Central and Western Mediterranean in 2019 compared to previous years – a continuation of the increasing risk of death seen since 2017.
A tragic shipwreck off the coast of Libya last month and more than a dozen other recent fatalities elsewhere have pushed the death toll in the Mediterranean Sea to 20,014 since 2014, according to IOM's Missing Migrants Project.
“The disappearance and presumed drowning of at least 91 people reported missing aboard a dingy north of Garabulli, Libya, on February 9 is the latest in a series of so called ‘ghost boats' that have vanished en route to Europe, claiming hundreds of lives,' said Frank Laczko, Director of IOM's Global Migration Data Analysis Centre.
The Importation of goods into Libya may be affected due to increasing exchange rates and restrictions imposed by exporting countries causing a reduction in supply.
Shelter arrangements reported by IDP families were primarily rented accommodation  ( 72% )  and host families  ( 28% ) .
Since the last update of IOM Libya's Displacement Tracking Matrix  ( DTM )  in February, the security situation around Abu Qurayn, especially near al Washkah area, reportedly remained tense as shelling and artillery fire continued to be reported in the first week of March. DTM identified an additional 372 internally displaced families  ( approximately 1,860 individuals ) , bringing the total number of internally displaced persons from Abu Qurayn and Sirt to at least 930 families  ( approximately 4,650 individuals )  who have been forced to leave their homes due to armed conflict since the last week of January.
Humanitarian priority needs included food, non food items, WASH and health assistance. In most locations humanitarian service delivery had reportedly commenced by both local and international organizations, but a few gaps were identified in displacement locations in Eastern Libya  ( primarily in Benghazi ) .
At least 1,700 migrants have been intercepted or rescued and returned to Libya by the coast guard since the beginning of the new year. More than 3,000 others arrived in Italy and Malta, many of whom were rescued by NGO search and rescue vessels.
During the first two weeks of January 2020, nearly 1,000 migrants were returned to Libya, 600 of them have been taken to a facility under the control of the Ministry of Interior. Those migrants are now unaccounted for.
Libya continues to face severe political crises, social division and economic challenges due to the continued instability and insecurity over the last eight years. The armed violence has displaced thousands of families, damaged vital infrastructure and critically impacted access to basic services, water, and shelter to the most vulnerable
According to the Humanitarian Needs Overview for 2020, the conflict has affected approximately 1.8 million people, including 268,000 children. Dozens of children have been killed and injured by airstrikes, shelling, small arms fire, Improvised Explosive Devices  ( IED )  and Explosive Remnants of War  ( ERW )
During the period under review, the World Health Organization  ( WHO )  documented 61 conflict related attacks against health care facilities and personnel, a 69 per cent increase over the same period in 2018. 6 These attacks hit 18 health facilities, 20 ambulances and 40 health personnel. On 11 October, an unidentified armed group kidnapped six doctors from the town of Zintan, Al Marqab region. They were released on 23 October.
In 2019, UNSMIL/OHCHR received multiple reports alleging that armed groups were responsible for summary executions and other unlawful killings of civilians and captured fighters. Between 1 January and 30 November, UNSMIL/OHCHR documented 65 civilian victims  ( 48 deaths and 17 injured ) , including 56 men, three women and six boys.
Of these, more than half are displaced children and 26 per cent are refugee and migrant children. Six per cent of households with children reported negative behavioural and emotional changes in their children as a result of the conflict and/or displacement. Such changes were twice as prevalent among IDPs than returnees and non displaced Libyan children.
A total of 893,000 women, men, girls and boys are assessed to be in need of humanitarian assistance in 2020. This is a nine per cent increase from 823,000 people assessed to be in need in 2019. This reflects the most vulnerable people identified as in severe need. Those in need of humanitarian assistance include internally displaced persons, returnees, non displaced conflict affected people, migrants and refugees.
Of the total number of people in need, 212,000 are women and 268,000 are under 18 years of age, of which 34 per cent are girls. While the number of people in need is 66 per cent boys and men, this is largely due to the majority of the migrants  ( 93 per cent )  being male. Additionally, an estimated 134,000 of those in need are people living with a disability  ( 66 per cent male and 34 per cent female ) .
Disproportionate and indiscriminate use of explosive weapons has raised grave protection concerns. Infrastructure, including water and power facilities, has been damaged. Severe movement restrictions have impacted civilian access to services, and humanitarian operations.
Of the total 343,000 people displaced, more than half have been displaced since 2014. 216,000 IDPs have been identified as in need of assistance, of whom 202,000 face problems with physical and mental well being as a result of one or a combination of the following: inability to afford rent and/or basic needs, living in sub standard shelters, in fear or risk of eviction. Particularly for an estimated 4,000 IDPs who are residing in informal settlements, humanitarian assistance enables a basic standard of living.
Migrants and refugees in Tripoli have been particularly impacted by the conflict due to their vulnerable status. Detained migrants close to the frontline have been trapped, sometimes without access to basic supplies.LNA fighters have indiscriminately shot at detained migrants.
Of the total number of returnees, an estimated 74,000 returnees are in need due to lack of livelihoods, limited public services, lack of social cohesion due to inefficient governance structures in their areas of return to address basic civil matters, and risks from explosive weapon contamination. This group forms a complex caseload for humanitarians, development actors and relevant government agencies. Approximately 85 per cent are assessed to have acute severe needs that impact on their physical and mental well being.
More than 278,000 non displaced vulnerable Libyans face unmet humanitarian needs, particularly in Ejdabia and Tripoli mantikas. Key factors that determine vulnerability include loss or lack of critical documentation restricting access to services, restriction in movement; lack of access to health, water and education facilities and services, and need for basic shelter improvement.
Negative coping strategies, such as reducing the number or size of meals and reducing expenditure on basic services and essential non food items further account for a deterioration in people's well being and living standards.
“The lack of clarity about the fate of these missing people is a matter of the gravest concern,' said IOM spokesperson Safa Msheli. “We are aware of many first hand accounts of abuse occurring within the formal and informal detention systems in Libya.'
Of the total number of migrants and refugees to be estimated in Libya  636,000 people almost 276,000 migrants and more than 48,000 refugees are in need of humanitarian assistance in 2020. Migrants and refugees continue to face extreme protection risks, as well as restrictions and discrimination in accessing basic services and shelter. Some 3,200 migrants and refugees remain in detention centres, where grave violations, including torture and widespread SGBV, have been documented.
Tripoli, 10 June 2020   UNSMIL is pleased to announce that both, Government of National Accord  ( GNA )  and The Libyan National Army  ( LNA )  delegations, are fully engaged in the third round of talks of the  ( 5+5 )  Joint Military Commission  ( JMC ) . The Mission convened a meeting with the LNA delegation on 03 June and another meeting with the GNA delegation yesterday, 09 June.
Over the past week alone, at least 800 people departed from Libya attempting to cross to Europe. Close to 400 were returned to Libya, delayed disembarkation for safety concerns, and detained. At least 200 of them ended up in unofficial centres and are now also unaccounted for.
In total, there were at least 743 known deaths in the Central Mediterranean in 2019, with the death rate steadily increased over each of the past three years. For instance, on 25 July, up to 150 migrants and refugees reportedly died at sea after their vessel capsized off the coast of Al Khoms in western Libya. The Libyan Coast Guard returned the 137 survivors to Libya, where their fate remained unknown as at the time of writing.
Essential services in detention centres are extremely limited. Already among the most vulnerable, 2,000 migrants and refugees are being detained in centres either already exposed to, or in close proximity to, ongoing fighting. While women and girls make up a minority of refugees and migrants in detention, they are particularly exposed to abuse and exploitation, with reports of rape and other sexual violence in both official and unofficial detention centres. Of the overall number of children in need of protection assistance in 2020, 26 per cent are migrant and refugee children, and of these 35 per cent are unaccompanied and separated children.
A further escalation of the conflict, especially as Tripoli clashes move towards the more densely populated areas, could trigger a severe deterioration in the humanitarian situation. The use of explosive weaponry in urban settings puts civilians at risk of indiscriminate harm. This is likely to increase civilian causalities and further damage civilian infrastructure. Should the conflict escalate, it is likely that humanitarian access will be more restricted, putting more people at high risk of being trapped in the violence and not receiving the assistance needed.
Between 5 and 8 June, UNSMIL verified at least 19 civilian deaths, including three women and five children and at least 12 injuries to civilians in at least three locations outside Sirte, caused by airstrikes and Grad rockets.
On 6 June, in Al Nasr detention centre in Al Zawiya, at least one Sudanese woman was killed and three other migrants injured by gunshots after such protests. On 29 July, underscoring the unabated violence, inhuman conditions and the arbitrary nature of the detention of migrants and refugees, the Special Representative of the Secretary General for Libya called for the closure of all migrant detention centres in the country
Many of those who reached international waters and the Maltese search and rescue zone, were stranded at sea on flimsy, unseaworthy boats for days without being rescued. At least 12 people are confirmed dead or missing at sea.
The protection risk analysis of September 2019 identifies the main protection threats in Libya associated to conflict related violence against civilians as: restriction of movement, direct and indiscriminate attacks against civilians and civilian infrastructure, retaliation and collective groups, tribal conflicts, GBV, forced recruitment, proliferation of criminal activities, family separation and disappearances and exposure to remnants of war punishment, violence and abuses by armed groups, tribal conflicts, GBV, forced recruitment, proliferation of criminal activities, family separation and disappearances and exposure to remnants of war.
Between January and November, more than 8,600 migrants were intercepted at sea by the Libyan Coast Guard, many returned to official and unofficial detention centres, where they are routinely subjected to serious human rights violations and abuses, including prolonged arbitrary detention in inhuman conditions, enforced disappearance, trafficking, sexual violence, torture and ill treatment
Between 30 April and 23 May, hundreds of rescued migrants were reported to have been sent to Khoms detention centre but were later listed as missing by the Libyan Coast Guard.
In addition to conflict, which has destroyed and damaged public infrastructure, a lack of maintenance and weak governance systems have contributed to the deterioration of crucial public services. INFORM ranks Libya as the 4th highest globally in terms of a lack of institutional capacity, mostly driven by issues of governance86. Weak governance has resulted in public institutions and facilities suffering from a lack of qualified personnel, limited resources, inadequate or non functional equipment and irregular electricity. Without a resolution of the conflict and political stalemate, services can be expected to deteriorate further.
There have also been small waves of displacement as a result of reported and confirmed cases of COVID 19. In Misrata and Tripoli, families have left the city following news of confirmed cases. Many families are worried they would increase their chance of exposure if they stayed in urban areas. The lack of guidance or enforcement by authorities means that movement between cities is still taking place despite curfews and restrictions.
The interruption of childhood vaccinations programmes exemplifies this breakdown. Regular programmes have been disrupted and vaccine stocks running out have been reported across the country. Measles and rubella outbreaks were reported in 2019 and rates of other communicable diseases, such as tuberculosis, are also increasing. Coupled with a lack of essential medicines and a weak disease surveillance system, the risk of a disease outbreak in Libya is significant and increasing.
Migrants and refugees continue to suffer serious human rights violations and abuses at the hands of both state and non state actors. Even though there has been a reduction in the recorded number of people attempting to cross the Mediterranean, Libyan authorities continue the practice of interception and detention of migrants and refugees trying to reach Europe. Nearly 3,200 migrants and refugees are estimated to be held in detention centers in inhumane conditions. Children do not receive preferential treatment and often share cells with adult detainees other than their family members, increasing their vulnerability and the risk of abuse
In the past nine months, as the conflict has escalated, more and more migrants and refugees have been left to fend for themselves on the streets of Libya. A handful of Libyan official detention centres – including Khoms, Karareen and Qasr Bin Gashir – have been closed down, while people intercepted at sea and returned to Libya by the Libyan coastguard are increasingly being left to cope without assistance.
Although Libya has ratified the Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women  ( CEDAW )  and other international instruments prohibiting discrimination based on sex, significant discrimination in both law and in practice continues to have a serious impact on the rights of women. SGBV is treated in the penal code as a crime against the victim's honour rather than violation of bodily integrity. The ongoing armed conflict and multiple displacements continues to put people at risks of GBV, which is exacerbated by collapsing infrastructure and protection systems.
Hostilities in western Libya have continued to cause civilian casualties and triggered new displacement at a time when the country is responding to the threat of the COVID 19 pandemic.
Psychological distress and anxiety are frequently observed in all age groups of both Libyan and non Libyan children. Mental health remains a neglected need with limited available services and there are growing needs for structured psychosocial support89. Internally displaced children show higher prevalence of negative behavior and emotional changes90. The majority of refugee and migrant children are likely to have experienced or witness abuse, killing, torture, and SGBV. Institutions remain ill equipped to respond to the needs of persons with disability.
Under the first scenario, political discussions are not successful and the relative balance between forces remains unchanged, resulting in a stalemate and a continuation of the protracted situation. Changes to the frontlines in and around Tripoli would likely be limited, but continued clashes could nonetheless increase humanitarian needs, particularly in areas near the frontlines.
On 12 April, heavy shelling struck an ambulance near Misrata killing a paramedic   the eighth attack on health facilities this year. Shelling was also reported in parts of Tripoli, including Salah Al Din, Ain Zara, Saba'a and also hit residential areas in Tajoura.
Developments in Tripoli in beginning of December 2019 have raised the risk of conflict escalation in the west and the possibility for the country to descend into civil war which, under the second scenario, could lead to the permanent division of the country. The conflict, fueled by foreign support, could escalate, causing immense material destruction, increased civilian casualties and displacement.
On 19 September, one migrant was shot dead by coast guards after being intercepted at sea and resisting being returned to detention upon disembarkation. On 26 October, alleged members of the Libyan Coast Guard threatened a humanitarian search and rescue vessel operated b a non governmental organization, and fired shots in the air as the vessel attempted to rescue 90 migrants off the coast of Libya. These actions led many of the migrants to jump overboard before the vessel eventually rescued them.
A protracted battle for Tripoli could further ignite a fight for control of the country's finances and resources in other parts of the country. Furthermore, civilian infrastructure would likely be further destroyed and/or damaged. Coupled with increasing access and movement restrictions due to fighting, this is likely to see a further deterioration of public services, to near collapse levels. Under this scenario humanitarian needs across the country, but particularly in the west, are likely to increase exponentially.
For instance, on 9 October, in Al Aziza street in Tripoli, two photojournalists – one from Aljazeera, the other from Agence France Presse – were shot and injured, reportedly by armed groups affiliated to the Government of National Accord. On 27 August, a cameraman working at Libya al Ahrar TV was arrested by an armed group affiliated to the Government and taken to Mitiga prison in Tripoli, where he was detained until 9 September.
On 15 December, the Tripoli Appeals Court acquitted all defendants in the Abu Salim trial case relating to the massacre of 1,200 people in 1996, including former intelligence Abdullah Senussi.
In 2019, the ongoing armed conflict and overall deterioration in security in Libya had an adverse impact on the situation of human rights and further exacerbated political and economic uncertainty.
Due to power outages in many parts of the western region, people had been unable to get continued supply of water through pumping from boreholes.
The 2020 Humanitarian Response Plan for Libya indicates that an estimated 212,000 women are identified as in need of humanitarian assistance, an estimated 179,000 women face challenges in accessing health services in addition to 162,000 women facing protection issues, including gender based violence.
Furthermore, women migrants face further vulnerabilities, reporting increased unemployment rates showing how socio economic and structural factors present further challenges.
Women continue to demonstrate their in depth understanding of the economic and social development of their communities, and continue to break down barriers to access to their rights and choices and building a more gender equal community.
Situation with support of secondary health facilities is of concern as only 13 hospitals received assistance in Al Jabal Al Gharbi, Aljufra, Almargeb, Azzawiya, Ejdabia, Misrata, Wadia Ashshati and Zwara.
At this stage Libya  ( over 660,000 migrants and refugees are estimated to live in Libya, including over 48,000 refugees registered with UNHCR )  does not have an integrated surveillance system to capture and report separately on nonLibyans  ( migrants, refugees, etc. )  on COVID 10 and non COVID 19 related morbidities. There is no possibility to report with this kind of data on a weekly or monthly basis.
As of 6 March, 2,168 refugees and migrants have been registered as rescued/intercepted at sea by the Libyan Coast Guard and disembarked in Libya.
WHO met with the leadership of NCDC a number of times. Subjects under the discussions included COVID 19 testing at PoE, situation with vaccines' availability in the country.Situation with increasing number of COVID 19 confirmed patients in the south of Libya has been monitored. Separate updates were prepared and disseminated.
Since the COVID19 pandemic reached Libya in March 2020 , clashes in Tripoli and other western cities have been aggravated. Years of violence have left the healthcare system especially vulnerable2 . Recent attacks3 on health facilities and important hospitals  ( Tripoli's Al Khadra General Hospital )  have made the situation more precarious. “This is a health system that was close to collapse before the coronavirus' said Elizabeth Hof, head of mission for the World Health Organization in Libya. “Equipment for testing is limited, there is very little protective gear, and there is a shortage of medical workers, particularly in rural areas.'
The United Nations Support Mission in Libya  ( UNSMIL )  is alarmed by the continuing escalation of violence in Libya, particularly by the intensification of fighting in the past few days, resulting in civilian casualties and risking new waves of displacement.
Mitiga airport in Tripoli was shelled continuously with reports of damage of civil aircrafts planned for repatriation of Libyans.
10 May, armed group opened fire inside the intensive care unit in Al Jalla hospital in Benghazi. Indiscriminate shooting. Panic between health workers. Doctors and nurses were assaulted. Medical equipment in ICU ward was damaged, including 7 respirators, monitors, ultrasound machine and other life saving devices. Transferring all urgent cases to Benghazi Medical Center.
Libya's UN recognized Government of National Accord  ( GNA )  said Friday it killed 20 fighters from Khalifa Haftar's forces in airstrikes as fresh clashes hit southern Tripoli. GNA military spokesman Mohammed Gununu said Friday the strikes also destroyed two armored vehicles belonging to the United Arab Emirates.
The Presidential Council  ( PC )  reiterated on Sunday its commitment to the Turkish Russian brokered ceasefire in Tripoli, saying in a statement that it will only succeed if the attackers return to their pre offensive bases.
Last week, a total of 344 individuals, including 149 women were registered at UNHCR's Sarraj Registration Office in Tripoli. Those registered included individuals from Syria, Sudan, Palestine, Eritrea, Somalia, and Ethiopia. So far in 2020, UNHCR has registered 2,669 refugees and asylum seekers in Libya.
There are currently some 1,000 refugees and asylum seekers held in official government detention centres in Libya
As of 29 February 2020, the Libyan Coast Guard rescued/intercepted a total of 2,043 people in different locations along the Libyan coast. Over the same period last year, the LCG rescued/intercepted a total of 778 refugees and migrants at sea. So far in 2020, Libyan local authorities have reported missing of 2 people while attempting to cross the Mediterranean towards Europe.
As Tripoli was hit by shelling once again this morning, the city's Central Hospital was damaged by shrapnel and 14 civilians were injured in similar attacks that impacted residential areas of the city. Tripoli Central Hospital is one of the city's largest   and is key to the country's COVID 19 response.
Al Jalla Hospital in Benghazi   one of the few fully functioning health facilities remaining in Libya   came under attack on May 10 when an armed group opened fire inside the Intensive Care Unit. Several pieces of equipment were severely damaged   including seven respirators, a number of monitors and an ultrasound machine. Health facilities and staff are protected under international humanitarian law yet such attacks continue in Libya without proper investigation.
Attacks on hospitals in Libya are becoming far too frequent. Although thankfully no one was hurt today, Tripoli Central Hospital has 5,000 staff and 950 beds, so thousands of lives were at risk. Indiscriminate attacks on civilians and civilian infrastructure seem to be turning into a hallmark of the Libyan conflict. This year so far there have now been 17 attacks on field hospitals, ambulances, health care workers and medical supplies   further decimating the country's already struggling health system.
In 2020, the humanitarian community will aim to reach around 345,000 people, 39 per cent of the 893,000 people identified to be in need of humanitarian assistance. These are people that have met the ‘extreme' and ‘catastrophic' categories under the HNO severity scaling  ( indicating acute severity )  as a result of a partial or total collapse of living standards and basic services, increased reliance on negative coping strategies, and widespread physical and mental harm.
At least one health worker was injured when the Al Khandra General Hospital came under heavy shelling on Monday, damaging the fully functioning 400 bed facility.
Libya has reported 18 confirmed cases of the novel coronavirus so far, and one death, according to a global situation report issued by the World Health Organization  ( WHO )  on Monday.
The humanitarian situation has deteriorated to unprecedented levels, it said, with UNSMIL documenting at least 356 civilian deaths and 329 injuries in the year to 31 March. Some 149,000 people in and around Tripoli have been forced to flee their homes since the offensive began; nearly 345,000 civilians remain in frontline area and an estimated 749,000 live in areas affected by fighting.
The conflict is taking a heavy toll on Libya's already struggling economy. An oil blockade imposed on 17 January has results in more than $4 billion in financial losses, while funds that should be going into critical infrastructure are being redirected to the war effort.
As of March, a total of 27 health facilities in Libya have sustained damage to varying degrees due to the proximity of fighting, with 14 being forced to close and the remainder at risk of following suit as lines of conflict shift.
On 4 April 2019 the Libyan National Army  ( LNA )  launched an offensive to seize control of Tripoli, triggering a mobilization of counter forces operating under the command of the Government of National Accord  ( GNA ) . The conflict has become protracted, focused mostly in southern parts of Tripoli. However, fighting, particularly in the last months of 2019, has increasingly moved into populated areas, causing further civilian casualties and displacement. As of January 2020, around 149,000 people have fled their homes.
Conflict and pandemic drive more people to risk deadly sea route from Libya. This combination of factors is thought to be driving more to risk their lives on the Mediterranean. In the first four months of this year, the Libyan Coast Guard has picked up 3,078 refugees and migrants at sea, compared with 1,126 in the same period last year.
Conflict has resulted in severe damage to housing and civilian infrastructure across the country, impacting living conditions. The destruction and damage of housing, coupled with increased demand due to IDP arrivals, has led to shortages in adequate shelter options in many locations, and associated increases in rental costs, impacting the more than 343,000 IDPs and 447,000 returnees across the country.
Explosive hazard contamination continues to pose a serious threat in terms of safety, mobility, and access to services and livelihoods. Armed conflict has left many areas contaminated with explosive hazards, putting people at risk, as well as hindering the safe return of IDPs, restricting access for humanitarian workers, and hindering early recovery.
Once a high middle income country, years of war and instability have sent the economy into a downward spiral. According to the UN Development Programme's 2019 Human Development Index, Libya's ranking has fallen 43 places from 67th in 2010 to 110th in 20193 . This drop in performance is felt by Libya's people mainly through the collapse of public services, especially education and health, higher prices through cuts to food and fuel subsidies, conflict related loss of shelter and livelihoods and major setbacks in ensuring the safety of citizens and the rule of law.
Oil and gas remain the main source of economic growth in the country. While the Libyan National Oil Corporation has reported an average of 1.2 million barrels per day in 2019, production remains below pre conflict levels of 1.6 million barrels per day. Furthermore, oil production remains susceptible to disruptions due to conflict, with many facilities temporarily stopping production, negatively impacting the economy
The economic crisis, lack of confidence by the public in the banking system and shortage of foreign currency has also resulted in a major liquidity crisis.
Public services have significantly deteriorated in Libya as a result of the crisis. Challenges in the central government's ability to perform core government functions, such as public revenue, expenditure management, and oversight of public administration, have undermined local governance structures and resulted in a significant deterioration of service provision.
Despite this, Libya has remained both a destination for migrants and a major transit country for migrants and refugees attempting to cross the Mediterranean to Europe. In 2019, there are more than 636,000 migrants and refugees in Libya, compared to 669,000 in 20188
More than 22 per cent of public health care facilities are closed, at least 37 schools have been destroyed and 182 are partially damaged. In open facilities there are a lack of medicines and learning materials, equipment and staff7 . Furthermore, insecurity and conflict, including direct attacks on public infrastructure, mean many public services have been abandoned or remain non functional.
On 05 May 2020, Libyan authorities started the repatriation of Libyans stranded abroad abroad through Misrata and Benghazi Benina airports. As of 06 May, over 790 Libyans had returned to Libya from Turkey, 315 from Jordan, 100 from Egypt, and 40 from Morocco.
Migrants and refugees continue to be at risk of unlawful killings, torture, arbitrary detention and unlawful deprivation of liberty, rape and other forms of sexual and gender based violence, slavery and forced labour, extortion and exploitation. Of particular concern are the more than 3,200 migrants estimated to be in detention centres, held under conditions of severe overcrowding and with insufficient access to food, clean water and sanitation
• 28 March, additional set of precautionary COVID 19 measures is introduced, including increase of the curfew time to be from 2pm until 7am.
27 March, An attack targeting of an ambulance point in the Abu Qurayn area near Sirte. The attack resulted in the injury of two paramedics and destroyed an ambulance
A total of 18,584 medical procedures  ( including 16,977 outpatient consultations, 371 referrals and 1,366 trauma related consultations,183 mental health consultations, 1 disability related consultations )  were provided by health sector organizations.
In continuation with efforts to support municipalities in controlling crowds at the banks which remains an issue in Libya during COVID 19, UNICEF supported “Ratib' app was launched on the 17th June at Al Jumhuriya Bank in Tripoli. So far, the app has been used by at least 3,000 individuals, while a total of 1,500 attendees were reached with IEC key messages.
On 4 April 2019 the Libyan National Army  ( LNA )  launched an offensive to seize control of Tripoli, triggering a mobilization of counter forces operating under the command of the Government of National Accord  ( GNA ) . The launch of the military offensive came days before the planned date of the National Conference and followed months of armed confrontation between LNA and GNA aligned forces over control of strategic locations in the south of the country.
Insecurity and conflict remain the central driver of displacement. The number of IDPs has nearly doubled in 2019, with new displacementmostly from Tripoli and Murzuq. Of the more than 343,000 IDPs, many struggles to pay rent and/or live in substandard shelters. Those living in informal settlements are particularly vulnerable and are at high risk of eviction.
The Libyan Army forces under the command of the Government of National Accord  ( GNA )  have seized control of yet another town in the region nearby Al Watiya airbase in western Libya, as Khalifa Haftar's retreat under heavy attacks from the ground and airstrikes by GNA forces.
On April 4, Haftar, who commands forces based in eastern Libya, launched an offensive to capture Tripoli from the country's UN recognized Government of National Accord  ( GNA ) .
On Thursday, Turkey's parliament on Thursday passed a bill that allows troop deployment to Libya, Parliament Speaker Mustafa Sentop said, paving the way for increased military cooperation with Libya.
The deterioration of the security situation caused by the armed conflict in the southern areas of Tripoli since 04 April 2019, continues to affect over 140,133 individual IDPs who have been forced to leave their homes since then.
Throughout the reporting period, this upsurge in armed conflict continued to include heavy airstrikes which impacted localities in conflict areas substantially, leading to further displacement of civilians due to the volatile security situation. DTM has continued with Emergency Tracking of displaced and affected populations in and around southern Tripoli region since the start of the crisis in April.
In 2019, at least 287 civilian deaths and 377 injuries were documented as a result of the armed conflict in Libya.
The recent escalation of violence in and around Tripoli has taken a devastating toll on children's education, with five schools destroyed and 210 schools shuttered, pushing over 115, 000 children out of school in the Ain Zara, Abu Salim and Soug al Juma'aa areas.
More bodies were found in the Tarhuna hospital, and according to the GNA at least 27 people have been killed by landmines and IED left by Haftar's fleeing forces as their siege on Tripoli collapsed.
In terms of hygiene products, latex gloves and masks are commonly reported as scarce, at times also with significant price spikes. Across the country, hand sanitizers and cleaning products containing alcohol were also reported to be in short supply.
In 81% of the municipalities assessed all residents were reported to have been negatively affected to some extent by the curfews and restrictions on freedom of movement. In 68% of the municipalities assessed the residents and host community members depending on daily wages were reported to be most affected by the loss of livelihoods and the economic slowdown.
Commenting on the MoU in military cooperation with Turkey, Bashagha said the GNA signed this agreement to protect the civilians agaisnt the aggression led by Haftar's forces backed by coup plotters and foreign countries.
This snapshot analyses findings from a 4 Mi survey of 5,659 refugees and migrants in Libya, conducted between May 2017 and October 2019. Some 70% of respondents originate from countries in West Africa, while 20% are from East Africa and 10% from Central Africa;1 45% are women and 55% are men.
Since the previous update on 27 November 2019, DTM identified an additional 1,836 displaced families  ( approximately 9,180 individuals ) , bringing the total number of internally displaced personsfrom South Tripoli to at least 29,863 families  ( approximately 149,315 individuals )  who have been forced to leave their homes due to armed conflict since 04 April 2019.
On Nov. 27, Ankara and Libya's UN recognized Government of National Accord  ( GNA )  signed a pact on military cooperation, as well as one on maritime boundaries in the Eastern Mediterranean.
Additionally, half of the health facilities in three municipalities  Abu Salim, Ain Zara and Tajoura  are estimated to be in areas close to conflict lines while eight out of the 38 Primary Health Care Facilities in the conflict affected areas in Abu Salim, Ain Zara and Tajoura are closed.
An estimated 9,863 families  ( 149,315 individuals )  have been displaced from this increased violence while migrants and refugees held in detention centres and the Gathering and Departure Facility are exposed to increased risk. Other areas such as the municipality of Tarhouna are suffering from displacement and lack of support to basic service delivery.
Since then, the conflict around Tripoli has killed and injured thousands, including hundreds of civilians. International humanitarian law has been defied again and again. More than 170,000 people have been forced from their homes.
Fayez al Serraj, who heads Libya's Tripoli based internationally recognised government, signed the ceasefire agreement, Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov said
As of 21 February, 1,737 refugees and migrants have been registered as rescued/intercepted at sea by the Libyan Coast Guard and disembarked in Libya.
As of 21 February, UNHCR registered more than 2,000 individuals both living in the urban community and who are being held at detention centres in Libya.
A total of 1712 travelers were screened by checking temperature and general condition, while samples for PCR tests were collected. The travelers were also provided health awareness sessions at the airport.
Various alerts from different sources on possible stock outs of certain vaccines, absence of procurement of vaccines for 2020 were received. Various health needs remain unmet in 29 municipalities.
Following an uptick in aerial attacks and shelling in recent weeks, which have killed at least 11 civilians since early December, the Secretary General António Guterres released a statement on Friday, renewing his call for an immediate ceasefire in Libya and a return to political dialogue.
Over 20 Military College students have been killed and over 40 others have been injured in airstrikes by Khalifa Haftar's warplanes on the headquarters of the College in Hadba neighborhood in Tripoli, Libya, Health Ministry spokesman confirmed Saturday.
In a statement on Thursday, the HCS expressed sorrow for the destruction of infrastructure and the suffering of the civilians caused by Khalifa Haftar's forces and his supporters France, Russia, Egypt and the UAE, saying such foreign intervention made the GNA legally enlist assistance from Turkey to protect civilians.
According to UN statistics, more than 284 civilians were killed and more than 140,000 displaced as a result of the armed conflict in Libya in 2019. A UN statement on 3 January 2020 denounced an escalation in indiscriminate strikes that endangered schools, medical facilities and other civilian infrastructure in and around Tripoli, including Mitiga International Airport.
Furthermore, migrants are at increased risk of facing constraints in accessing health care during the Covid 19 outbreak, as 70% of the migrants interviewed in March   April 2020 had reported to have either limited or no access to health services.
In a report issued on Tuesday he added that Haftar's air force has launched 1020 raids on public, government and military installations since the fourth of last April. The report detailed that the air raids included 850 strikes with precision guided drones, 110 with jet aircraft, and 60 air strikes with foreign aircraft
Oil prices had fallen back in the last two weeks. After the outbreak of hostilities between the United States and Iran at the beginning of the year triggered a jump, both sides took steps to pull back from conflict, calming the market's mood.
The NOC added that its assessment showed that the illegal shut down of its facilities has resulted in losses of nearly 256.5 million USD until January 23.
Libya's oil output will collapse “within days' to the lowest level since the 2011 civil war as a blockade of its export terminals has forced a rapid shutdown of production and electricity blackouts in parts of the country, according to the head of the national oil company.
The loss of gas supplies   normally sourced as a byproduct of oil extraction   was affecting power generation, Mr Sanalla said, creating shortages on the national grid and blackouts in parts of eastern Libya. The NOC was shutting down production at a petrochemical facility in Brega to release gas supplies for the national grid, but he feared it would not be enough to address the shortage.
Mr Sanalla described the shutdown as the “worst' since the revolution in 2011 that toppled Muammer Gaddafi. Previous disruptions have at times cut production sharply, but never to as little as 72,000 b/d, the level he expects to reach now.
Haftar's forces targeted Mitiga Airport with 11 missiles in two days and then on Saturday evening, Haftar's forces shelled civilian areas with Grad missiles, killing one person and injured three others in Abu Salim and near Mitiga Airport.