nlp-thedeep/humsetbias huggingface dataset:
[ 18th Feb 2021,Nigeria ]  The National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control  ( NAFDAC )  on Thursday approved Oxford AstraZeneca COVID 19 vaccine for use in Nigeria. The Director General of the agency, Mojisola Adeyeye, a professor, gave the go ahead for the use of the vaccine at a news conference in Abuja.
[ 14th April 2021,Nigeria ]  The Nigeria Centre for Disease Control  ( NCDC )  has confirmed that a total of 154,225 patients have recovered from Coronavirus disease  ( COVID 19 )  since its outbreak in the country in 2020.
[ 15th April 2021, Nigeria: Gombe, Adamawa States ]  Eighteen corpses are said to have been recovered from the four Lunguda Communities attacked and reduced to ashes by a suspected Waja militia group in the northeast states of Adamawa and Gombe.
[ 16th 25th March 2021, North East, Nigeria ]  As some of the water facilities were damaged during the attack, there is an urgent need for water, both for drinking and domestic use. The most affected camps are Shehu Masta II, Shehuri Modu Kasa, Masarmari, Alhaji Bashir and Motor park camp. The most affected locations where IDPs were living among host communities are Raberi, Police station and Chingo Zarma. The toilets in Sangaya and Agric camp are due for dislodgement. If no action is taken in the concerned camps, a health related outbreak may be expected. Toilets are due to fill up in the coming days as there is no routine removal since the attack.
[ 11th Feb 2021, North east Nigeria ] Assessments of IDP camps in the BAY states conducted by the DMS/CCCM, Shelter and NFI sectors indicate that one in four camps, hosting a total of 430 000 IDPs, is highly congested with per capita space of less than 15 square metres. The fact that the populations in these camps are characterised by high prevalence of comorbidities, including high incidences of chronic malnutrition and endemic malaria, coupled with the current measles and expected cholera outbreaks will have serious implications.
[ 16th Feb 2021,Nigeria ] The continued survival of Nigerian children and communities in conflict zones is more challenging with the COVID 19 pandemic. Therefore, tailored COVID 19 responses should be increased in targeted communities. The government and other northeast actors are providing relief materials to residents of vulnerable communities, but this may be insufficient to survive the increased hardship brought by the pandemic. Unending vulnerabilities in the northeast region will increase its residents' susceptibility, especially children, to be used as instruments of war.
[ 16th Feb 2021,Nigeria ] The regulatory guidelines may affect community cohesion in communities coping with the conflict. Physical engagements across different communities and groups are one of the resilience mechanisms employed in the region. The youths' collaborations in setting up and guarding community entry points, the communal lifestyle adopted to cope with the scarcity of necessary resources.These methods depend mainly on face face interactions and physical contacts which defeats precautionary measures against COVID 19. Government and development partners must cushion these new challenges the pandemic has brought for people.
[ 1st Oct Dec 2020,Nigeria ] The report showed the economy exited recession in the fourth quarter of 2020, recording its first growth in three quarters as coronavirus linked lockdown was lifted across the country. The report said GDP grew 0.11 per cent in the three months between October and December from a year earlier. The economy slipped into recession in the third quarter of 2020 with a decline of 3.6 per cent, having contracted 6.1 per cent in the second quarter, leading to Nigeria's second recession in five years.
[ 16th Feb 2021,Nigeria ] As the Nextier SPD study shows, an important channel that has helped communities build resilience against insurgency has been the use of technological gadgets and social media in mobilising people, gathering and disseminating information among groups and communities.This method reduces the need for physical meetings and interactions. In these trying times where social distancing and sit at home is strongly advised, such virtual platforms should be encouraged and strengthened by government, media organisations and relevant partners. Technology bridge communication gaps and improves human interactions.
[ 16th Feb 2021,Nigeria ] The Executive Director of the National Primary Health Care Development Agency  ( NPHCDA ) , Faisal Shuaib, said the federal government plans to vaccinate all eligible population from 18 years and above, including pregnant women. He, however, said the decision to vaccinate any pregnant woman will be made in consultation with her healthcare provider. He said there will be considerations of whether she is at high risk of contracting the COVID 19 virus or not, based on guidance from the Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on Immunization  ( SAGE ) .
[ 17th Feb 2021,Nigeria ]  Boko Haram launched a bloody insurgency in 2009 in northeastern Nigeria but later spread its atrocities to neighboring Niger, Chad and Cameroon, prompting a military response. More than 30,000 people have been killed and nearly 3 million displaced in a decade of Boko Haram's terrorist activities in Nigeria, according to the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. Violence committed by Boko Haram has affected some 26 million people in the Lake Chad region and displaced 2.6 million others, according to the UN Refugee Agency.
[ 16th Feb 2021,Nigeria ] The Executive Director of the National Primary Health Care Development Agency  ( NPHCDA ) , Faisal Shuaib said plans are ongoing to train and empower health care workers on administering these vaccines. He explained that his agency will engage additional personnel in a bid to achieve the coverage level desired and also to ensure best practices in vaccine handling and management. “The plan is to train healthcare workers, supervisors and monitors at all levels in the next one to two weeks,' Mr Shuaib said.
[ 1st Dec 2020,Nigeria ] Inflation soared at 15.75 per cent in December, its highest level in 32 months, with the 0.86 per cent month on month increase marking the 16th consecutive month inflation would increase in Nigeria. Earlier in November, it touched 14.89 per cent. The new increase signals that there is a long way towards recovery for Africa's largest economy, which slipped into its second recession in four years and the worst in nearly four decades in the third quarter of 2020. There will also be sustained inflationary pressures on consumers' purchasing power.
[ 7th  13th Feb2021,Nigeria ]  A breakdown of the confirmed cases shows that Lagos State has so far reported 53, 041 cases, followed by FCT – 18, 523, Plateau   8, 661, Kaduna   8, 056, Oyo   6, 322, Rivers   5, 972 Edo   4,240 Ogun   3, 688, Kano   3, 473, Delta   2, 465, Ondo   2, 604, Kwara   2, 527, Katsina   1, 995, Enugu   1, 901, Gombe   1, 940, Nasarawa   2, 090, Osun   2, 116, Ebonyi   1, 664, Abia  1, 338, Bauchi   1, 195, Imo  1, 341, Borno   1138, Akwa Ibom   1, 253, Anambra   1, 271, Benue   1022, Sokoto   763, Bayelsa   718, Niger   867, Adamawa   725, Ekiti   682, Jigawa   488, Taraba   584, Kebbi   299, Yobe  250, Cross River  232, Zamfara   215 and Kogi   5.
[ 11th Feb 2021, Nigeria ] Moreover, Nigeria is the third most affected country by COVID 19 in Africa. The substantial impacts of the pandemic led to a 40 percent increase of the Humanitarian Response Plan 2021 to USD 1.17 billion. Of particular importance, public health monitoring and mitigation measures must be strenghthened in IDP camps. 400 000 IDPs are at risk of infection due to camp overcrowding, and the number of food insecure people is expected to double. Due to the lockdown, protection risks have increased, particularly for women and children.
[ 10th Aug 2021, Nigeria ]  Most of the respondents lived within 5km from the HF in both states  ( 84% in Borno and 78% in Yobe ) . In Yobe, a substantial proportion of clients  ( 61% )  traveled by foot to the HF with tricycle  ( commercial public vehicle )  being the next common means of travel  ( 15% ) . In Borno, travel by foot  ( 46% )  and tricycle  ( 38% )  were also the most common means of transportation to the HF.
[ 10th Aug 2021, Nigeria ]  Awareness about HIV was high among the respondents in both states  ( 74% in both Borno and Yobe States ) . However, 67% in Yobe and only 29% in Borno knew that HIV could also be transmitted from a mother to her baby during delivery.
[ 19th Apr 2021, North East, Nigeria ]  When considering levels of COVID 19 awareness in camps and camp like settings specifically, it was reported that in 39 per cent  ( up from 38% )  of the camps/camp like settings assessed, everyone was aware of the pandemic. In 39 per cent  ( down from 40% )  of camps/camp like settings, most people were aware of the pandemic and in 20 per cent of the camps/camp like settings, about half of the population was aware of the pandemic  ( up from 19% ) . In Bauchi, 80 per cent of the respondents in the camps/camplike settings felt that everyone knew about the pandemic.
[ 1st Feb 2021, North east Nigeria ]  UNFPA: Information and sensitizations is key with COVID 19 response plan and we reached out to 4,444 individuals with Sexual Reproductive Health/COVID 19 through sensitization and awareness rising.
[ 16th 31st Jan 2021, North East Nigeria ] SHELTER: 42% of the IDPs are living in emergency shelter, 34% in makeshift, 11% in collective/ communal shelter, 8% in public facilities and 5% in transitional shelter. 3,198HH are sharing shelter across 29 sites in 11 LGAs.
[ 10th Aug 2021, Nigeria ]  Most respondents in Borno  ( 73% )  are aware of a place to obtain contraceptives. In Yobe state, a much lower proportion know where to obtain contraceptives  ( 54% ) . Current use of FP was low among the respondents in both states, particularly in Yobe State where only 27% of respondents were using FP at the time of the survey. In Borno, this was substantially higher  ( 48% ) .
[ 16th Apr 2021, Nigeria ]  On going armed conflicts are the main drivers of food insecurity. Nigeria is the most affected country with almost 13 million people who will require immediate food assistance during the lean season,
[ 30th May   6th Jun 2021, Borno State ]  Risk communication/Social mobilization: • Jingles on COVID 19 protocols, rumors and misconceptions on vaccination, destigmatization is ongoing in Kanuri, Hausa, Shuwa Arab, and Mbura on BRTV, DANDAL KURA and PEACE FM radio station supported by UNICEF, IRC, Translators Without Borders and UK Aids. • Continued advocacy and sensitization for second dose of COVID 19 vaccination.
[ 10th Aug 2021, Nigeria ]  Uptake of Immunization Services: Reported completion of child vaccination was high in both states  ( 89% and 83% in Borno and Yobe respectively ) . Similarly, at least 90% of respondents had a vaccination card available for their child in both states. In Yobe state, 14% of respondents reported that health facilities did not have vaccines, hence the inability to complete the child's vaccination.
[ 10th Aug 2021, Nigeria ]  In Yobe, infusion sets for intravenous injection and vitamin A capsules were the most available  ( 95% of HFs ) . Co trimozaxole  ( 86% )  and ACT  ( 81% )  antimalarial for children were less readily available in Yobe State. Folic acid and iron tables were also not available in WAGIR PHC. Among the SHFs, GENERAL HOSPITAL GEIDAM did not have any of the assessed drugs/commodities available.
[ 10th Aug 2021, Nigeria ]  In Borno State, meansv of emergency transportation of clients were both available in only 38% of HFsvi, all of which were functional with fuel. In Yobe, arrangements for emergency transportation of clients were much more available with 62% of HFs having ambulances or similar means of emergency transportation. However, only 69% of these were functioning with fuel availabilityvii. At least one HF in each LGA in Yobe State had a means of emergency transportation except in Potiskum LGA where none of the HFs located in the LGA had any such means.
[ 10th Aug 2021, Nigeria ]  At the time of observation, 47% and 39% of assigned health workers were absent in Borno and Yobe States, respectively. In Borno State, seven HFs with assigned Doctors four HFs had at least a Doctor present during the visit to the HFs. For the nursing cadre, 82%  ( 14/17 )  of HFs with assigned nurses had at least one on the ground.
[ 10th Aug 2021, Nigeria ]  In Yobe State, CHEWS were also the most assigned clinical health workers in the HFs with 91% of HFs having them on an average of four per HF. Assignment of Nurses was substantially lower  ( compared to Borno )  with Nurses assigned to only 62% of all HFs on an average of two per HF with only 53% of the PHFs having them. On the other hand, Midwives were assigned to a higher proportion of HFs  ( 81% )  with an average of four per HF.
[ 18th Feb 2021,kawara state ]  The World Health Organisation  ( WHO ) , in collaboration with Kwara Government, has inaugurated the “COVID 19 Survivors'' initiative to sensitise people in the state that the disease is real. The initiative entails that the survivors share their testimonies. The initiative also includes road walks and awareness campaigns on COVID 19 preventive measures in different Nigerian languages.
[ 28th June   4th July 2021, Nigeria ]  Cholera: There has been an increase in the number of new cases in the last two weeks. Zamfara ( 129 ) ,Bauchi ( 2535 ) ,Kano ( 572 ) and Jigawa ( 222 ) accountfor94.7%of 3,649casesreportedinthelasttwoweeks ( 25and26 )   Since the beginning of the year, a total of 349 samples have been collected with positive cases as follows 166RDTpositive only; 55 culture positive;221 RDT and culture positive ) . The test positivity rate (  TPR )  for laboratory confirmation by culture is 24.9%
[ 17th July 2021, Nigeria ] This has been a blow to the education sector in an area that has traditionally been educationally disadvantaged. Out of the 10.5 million Nigerian children, who are not in school, 69 percent are from the Northern region, which is home to cultures that place less value on education.
[ 20th Feb 2021,Nigeria ]  Nearly 5,000 people, displaced by Nigeria's communal violence, have arrived in Pobè, a border community located about 100 km from Cotonou, Benin Republic, PANA learned on Saturday from sources close to the authorities. They said 4,477 people made up of 2,163 men and 2,314 women have taken refuge in the commune of Pobè for a week.
[ 16th Jan 2021,Nigeria ] The National Agency for Food and Drug Administration Control  ( NAFDAC )  has cautioned Nigerians over ‘fake coronavirus vaccines' in the country, explaining that no vaccines have been approved by the agency. The Director General of the agency, Mojisola Adeyeye, made this known in a statement on Friday, stressing that Nigerians should not use any vaccines not approved by it.
[ 1stOct 2020,North east Nigeria ]  The most used coping strategy is consuming less preferred food items, by 76.2 percent of all households. Reduction of quantities by adults or mothers so that children could eat was mentioned by 48 percent of households  ( eight percent increase compared to previous year ) , whereas borrowing food or relying on friends and family for food was mentioned least frequently, on by a third of households.
[ 1st Jan 2020,North east Nigeria ] Health: In 2020, the most vulnerable groups are: all displaced people  ( IDPs and returnees ) ; people living in inaccessible areas; all children under five years of age; adolescent girls and women of reproductive age  ( 15 to 49 years ) ; the elderly  ( over 60 years ) ; and the host community population below the poverty line.
[ 22nd 28th March 2021, Nigeria ] Surveillance and Epidemiology:Yobe SPHCMB, with support from WHO through the Active Case Search strategy, conducted sensitization for 23,111 households on COVID 19 prevention in high burden LGAs. Fifty nine  ( 59 )  contacts of confirmed cases were line listed by the contact tracing teams
[ 1st Dec2020,North east Nigeria ]  3,796 IDPs, returnees and members of the host communities accessed the 21 protection desks in ten locations for services and information: Maiduguri, Jere, Damboa, Gamboru Ngala, Dikwa, Monguno, Bama, Konduga, Gwoza and Mobbar LGAs. Education and communication materials on protection services included preventive information on COVID 19 in English, Hausa and Kanuri.
[ 8th 14th Feb 2021,Nigeria ]  ETT assessments identified the following movement triggers: voluntary relocation  ( 1,006 individuals or 46% ) , conflict/attack  ( 480 individuals or 22% ) , improved security  ( 386 individuals or 18% ) , poor living conditions  ( 275 individuals or 13% )  and fear of attack  ( 17 individuals or 1% ) .
[ 1st 15th June 2021, Northeast Nigeria ] NON FOOD ITEMS : A total of 89,757HH need complete NFI kits. 2,466HH of the 89,757HH in need of NFIs are new arrivals in Monguno  ( 1,184HH ) , Maiduguri  ( 276HH ) , Bama  ( 244HH ) , Konduga  ( 234HH ) , Kaga  ( 198HH ) , Magumeri  ( 160HH ) , Jere  ( 97HH ) , Gwoza  ( 63HH )  and Mafa  ( 10HH )  LGA. 64% of the sites reported that blankets/mats are the most needed NFIs while kitchen sets are the second most needed NFIs.
[ 18th Feb 2021,Nigeria ] “The Oxford AstraZeneca vaccine, also known as ChAdOx1 nCoV '9, or AZD1222, is a viral vector vaccine. Scientists used an adenovirus, originally derived from chimpanzees, and modified it with the aim of training the immune system to mount a strong response against SARS CoV 2  ( the virus that causes COVID 19 ) . “Nigeria is expected to get the first batch of the COVID 19 vaccine.
[ 1st Dec2020,North east Nigeria ] The Non State Armed Groups perpetrated horrific killings of more than 43 farmers and laborers in Zabarmari, in Maiduguri. It is considered to be one of the worst massacres in recent years. In December, suspected bandits reportedly attacked a boarding secondary school in Kankara, in Katsina State and abducted more than 300 hundred boys from their dormitory but they were later released unharmed.
[ 1st Dec2020,North east Nigeria ]  In December, 1,950 households comprising of some 10,200 displaced individuals were screened in ten LGAs in Borno State, four LGAs in Adamawa and two in Yobe state for vulnerabilities. 2,056 people were identified as most vulnerable individuals.
[ 31st August 2020, Jere, Mafa, Kondunga and Maiduguri ] Mothers  ( or caregiver )  were asked whether any of their children under five had an illness at any time during the preceding two weeks. 49.9%  ( n=2137 )  of respondents reported their children had an illness within the recall period, the distribution across LGAs is thus 49.3%, 48.2%, 48.5% and 51.5% in Jere, Konduga, Mafa and MMC respectively. 69.1% ( n=1066 )  of respondents reported diarrhea as the ailment that the children suffered from . Mafa recorded the highest prevalence of diarrhea at 77% while Jere recorded the lowest prevalence at 67.5%. 36.2% of respondents indicated they sought treatment for their children that suffered from diarrhea at a hospital, 24.9%,11.7% and 6.3% from Pharmacy/Dispensary, PHCs and community health workers respectively. 55.3% of the mothers/caregivers indicated they sort treatment immediately, 31.9% within 48 hours and 12.8% after 48 hours.
[ 19th Feb 2021,Nigeria ]  According to NCDC data published Friday night, a total of 127,500 have recovered after treatment
[ 19th Feb 2021,Nigeria ]  Although people who recover from a viral infection often develop immunity against the same disease, it remains unclear whether this is the case with COVID 19 infection. Meanwhile, about 21,000 infections are still active in the country.
In the states Borno and Adamawa, a total of 2,164 movements were recorded, comprising 1,511 arrivals and 653 departures, between 8 and 14 February 2021. Arrivals were recorded at locations in Askira/Uba, Bama, Dikwa, Gwoza, Kala/Balge, Konduga, Mobbar and Ngala Local Government Areas  ( LGAs )  of the most conflict affected Nigerian state of Borno. Arrivals were also recorded in Demsa, Girei, Gombi, Hong, Lamurde, Madagali, Maiha, Michika, Mubi North, Mubi South, Numan, Song, Yola North and Yola South LGAs of Adamawa. Departures were recorded in Askira/Uba LGA of Borno; Demsa, Fufore, Gombi, Madagali, Maiha, Michika, Mubi North, Mubi South, Numan, Song and Yola North LGAs of Adamawa.
[ 8th 14th Feb 2021,Nigeria ] Askira/Uba: 242 arrivals and 138 departures were recorded in Askira/Uba LGA of Borno state. All arrivals were from Askira/Uba LGA of Borno state. The departures included 104 individuals to Chibok LGA of Borno state, 31 individuals to Mubi South LGA of Adamawa state and 3 individuals to Jalingo LGA of Taraba state. Ninety per cent of the relocations were triggered by conflict/attack, 9 per cent relocated as a result of poor living conditions and 1 per cent relocated voluntarily. Michika: 141 arrivals and 88 departures were recorded in Michika LGA of Adamawa state. The arrivals included 75 individuals from Mubi North, 27 individuals from Yola South, 26 individuals from Hong and 13 individuals from Gombi LGAs of Adamawa state. All departures were to Michika LGA of Adamawa state. Sixty two per cent of the movements recorded were triggered by improved security situation in areas of origin and 38 per cent relocated due to poor living conditions.
[ 1st Apr 2020,North east Nigeria ]  The epicentre of Herder and Farmer violence is the North Central Regions, especially Adamawa, Benue, Plateau, and Taraba states
[ 1stOct 2020,North east Nigeria ]  The median total monthly household expenditure is 31400 naira. This value varies sharply by household size, with smaller households  ( 1 – 3 members )  having monthly expenditures 24,217 naira, and households with 4 – 8 members and above eight members having monthly median expenditures of 31,817 naira and 41,300 naira respectively. With a 70 percent median share, food constitutes the main portion of the expenditure  ( Fig 16 ) . This further reveals the precarity of food security situation and vulnerability, and the likelihood that households are compromising on other needs in order to meet their food needs and vice versa.
[ 1st Apr 2020,North east Nigeria ]  Displacements due to Boko Haram activities: The DTM Nigeria report on displacement in Northern Nigeria reveals that as at January 2019, the number of Internally Displaced Persons from Adamawa, Gombe, Taraba, Bauchi, Borno, and Yobe states was 1,948,349 or 382,296 households.
[ 24th March 2021 ]  People living with TB are especially vulnerable to the coronavirus, making hindrance to treatment and testing worrisome, health experts say.
[ 15th   21st Mar 2021, Nigeria ]  National COVID 19 multi partner Emergency Operations Centre  ( EOC )  continues to coordinate response activities across states • Deployed a National Rapid Response Team to support the National Sports Festival in Edo State • Supported states in testing Nigerian athletes for the National Sports Festival • Ongoing deployment of commodities, reagents and supplies to the laboratory networks • Reviewed and updated the zero draft of the IPC policy and strategic framework
[ 1st Jan 19th Feb 2021,Nigeria ]  Nearly half of Nigeria's total infections were recorded this year with about 65,000 infections reported since January 1, 2021. Meanwhile, health experts say the official numbers do not give a “full picture' of the outbreak in the country. They say low testing in many states across the country means infections have been under reported, a situation considered the biggest challenge in the nation's management of the outbreak.
[ 19th Apr 2021, North East, Nigeria ]  A small minority or 7 per cent of respondents  ( up by 1% since Round 4 )  reported an increase in evictions or eviction threats since the start of the pandemic in March 2020. Ninety three per cent of respondents did not experience an increase of evictions or suchlike threats. In the state of Bauchi, no eviction threats were reported at all while in Gombe, 14 per cent of respondents reported an increase in evictions or eviction threats, being the highest of all 6 states in North East Nigeria
[ 18th Feb 2021,kawara state ]  Katibi, however, noted that the knowledge did not translate to behavioural change in people. According to him, people in the state still do not take necessary precautions on preventive measures.Katibi said that due to the negative response on COVID 19, WHO had rolled out Risk Communication and Community Project  ( RCC )  by engaging about 180 community informants in communities, including Kaiyama, Isin and Oyun Local Government Areas.
[ 18th Feb 2021,Nigeria ] The Director General of The National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control  ( NAFDAC )  said that the NAFDAC Vaccine Committee commenced expedited review immediately the agency received the Oxford AstraZeneca COVID 19 vaccine dossier from Serum Institute of India on Feb. 10. She explained that members of the committee worked assiduously to review the vaccine as planned, noting that the recommendation for the emergency use authorisation was based on rigorous scientific consideration. The NAFDAC boss noted that “the vaccine can be stored at two to eight degree centigrade temperature
[ 19th Apr 2021, North East, Nigeria ]  Thirty six per cent of respondents  ( down from 55% in the fourth round of assessment )  reported that access to services  ( including food, markets, WASH, health, education, protection, water trucking, etc. )  was disrupted because of the pandemic. From the 36 per cent of affected services, 19 per cent were located on the site of assessment while 17 per cent were located off the site of assessment.
[ 18th Feb 2021,Nigeria ] The Director General of The National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control  ( NAFDAC )  said three additional vaccines were currently undergoing evaluation, “but the evaluation on AstraZeneca shows that the vaccine is effective against the UK variant of the virus, which has been reported in Nigeria.' According to her, the South African variant has not been reported in Nigeria and that the agency has over 30 herbal medicines undergoing review for listing.
[ 1st April 2021, Nigeria ] Moreover, a significant share of the underage returnees experienced abuse by community members and – to a lesser extent – their own families upon return. Physical violence against minor returnees was a very rare occurrence though: ‘With respect to the interactions between community and returnees, survey data shed light on returnees' experience of psychological and physical violence perpetrated by the community and/ or family members. 42.9 % reported experiencing verbal abuse, 14.3 % experienced bullying, and a few participants reported physical attacks against them. Female returnees reported more cases of verbal insults  ( 34 % )  than physical attacks  ( 4 % )  or bulling  ( 16 % ) . 35.3 % reported that community members had been the attackers while 16 % reported being victims of domestic abuse. For both the male and the female returnees, community members are the most usual attackers. As the study did not include a control group, it is not clear whether these experiences were unique to underage returnee migrants or were also common amongst other young Nigerians.
[ 1st April 2021, Nigeria ] Human Rights Watch reported cases in which returned trafficking victims were mocked, insulted and bullied by family members. Sources also reported cases in which family members tried to re traffic returnee victims. Human Rights Watch interviewed several minor returnee trafficking victims who stayed in orphanages because they could not return to abusive families. This abuse, however, predated the trafficking experience.
[ 31st August 2020, Jere, Mafa, Kondunga and Maiduguri ] Questions in table 15 below were asked to caregivers to further uncover other attitudes and practices towards feeding their children. Overall, a majority of caregivers reported cleaning utensils before feeding a child  ( 98% ) , washing the child's hands before feeding them  ( 97% )  and covering the child's food after cooking  ( 97% ) . It is interesting to see that 32% of caregivers force their children to eat and 15% do not reheat leftover meals before feeding their children.
[ 1st Oct 2020,North east Nigeria ]  A comparison of breakdown of expenditure  ( both median as well as mean )  and the MEB for Maiduguri for a typical household size  ( 4 – 8 HHs )  is shown in Figure 18. Compared to the MEB, the median expenditure values are much lower, and the food share is much higher  ( nearly 80 percent ) , and zero expenses reported for water and education, as well as zero savings put away. The expenditure breakdown by mean shows total mean expenditure to be nearly equal to the monthly MEB, with food and health expenses being slightly lower, and education expenses to be higher compared to the MEB.
[ 31st August 2020, Jere, Mafa, Kondunga and Maiduguri ] The results showed that overall, only 34%  ( 667 )  of assessed women met minimum dietary diversity ( MDD )  criteria of consuming 5 or more food groups in the previous day or night and there were no significant difference between LGAs; Jere 32%  ( 258 ) , Konduga 38%  ( 79 ) , Mafa 39%  ( 97 )  and Maiduguri 32%  ( 233 ) .
[ 1stOct 2020,North east Nigeria ]  Livelihood based coping strategies assesses households' longer term coping and productive capacities and their future impact on access to essential needs, including food, health and education. While using a livelihood coping strategy may help a household achieve food security in the short term, reliance on these strategies is particularly worrisome in the longer term due their negative impact on the future productivity of the affected households, thus making it more difficult to reverse.
[ 1st Oct 2020,North east Nigeria ]  Among households reporting use of livelihood coping strategies, an overwhelming reason  ( more than 80 percent )  is to access food. Access to food as the main reason becomes most prevalent in incidences of reducing expenses on health and education  ( 95.8 percent of households reporting livelihood coping strategies ) , begging  ( 93.9 percent ) , borrowing money  ( 92 percent )  and sale of agricultural equipment  ( 91.6 percent ) . Accessing health services or medicines is the second most common reason, followed by shelter, education, and to a lesser extent, water and sanitation facilities  ( Fig 23 ) .
[ 1st April 2021, Nigeria ] The UN Special Rapporteur identified a lack of shelter for adult male trafficking victims. In 2020, local NGOs created two shelters for male returnees in Lagos and Edo State.
[ 1st Oct 2020,North east Nigeria ]  Eighty four percent of all households have access to markets. For the remaining sixteen percent who face market access challenges, lack of money remains the main constraint. Markets are the dominant source of food for all food groups. A quarter of cereals and vegetables  ( particularly green vegetables )  are also sourced from a households' own production, as well as a fifth of all households consuming legumes, and 13 percent of households consuming milk. Despite a low prevalence  ( 3 percent ) , meat, fish and orange fruit are most likely to be purchased on credit. The most common items received through food assistance are cereals  ( 4.4 percent ) , oil/fats  ( 3.9 percent )  and legumes  ( 3.5 percent )   ( Fig 29 ) .
[ 31st August 2020, Jere, Mafa, Kondunga and Maiduguri ] Overall, 97.6%  ( n=1990 )  of HHs within the LGAs of this study have access to improved water sources for drinking and HHs chores. This finding meets the global WHO standard  ( emergency )  for access to improved water sources, which is pegged at ≥ 70 [ 18 ]  . This finding is also in pari passu with that of REACH, which reported about 75%  [ 19 ]  of surveyed households with access to improved water sources.
[ 29th March 3rd April 2021 Nigeria ] : Borno State ] Surveillance: 6 new confirmed cases reported for week 13, total confirmed cases stand at 1,336. Total contacts being monitored closely – 58 . Intra/inter country border screening continues across the state.
[ 1st Oct 2020,North east Nigeria ] Recommendations: Livelihood programming aimed at sustaining livelihoods in the longer term should focus on the following outcomes: increasing a households' purchasing power by increasing incomes as well as access to credit, improving access to inputs, as well as technical support on natural resource management. This can be combined with increase of production of nutrition dense foods to meet their own food consumption needs as well as for supplying local markets.
[ 11th 17th Jan 2021,Nigeria ]  Trained healthcare workers on IPC in Nasarawa State.Supported National Primary Health Care Development Agency  ( NPHCDA )  with sensitisation of religious leaders and civil society organisations  ( CSOs )  on planned vaccination.
[ 1st Feb 2021, North east Nigeria ] TdH continues to create awareness raising and sensitization on COVID 19, water/Air borne diseases and health related topics including SGBV to all beneficiaries accessing the health facilities and within the community. IPC measures are in place for the prevention of COVID 19 transmission at the point of service delivery.
[ 1st Oct 2020,North east Nigeria ] The other main reason for lack of access to farmland is lack of capital  ( 40.2 percent of households with land access )  including both cash as well as access to credit. Lack of capital/cash or access to credit is also mentioned as among the main restraints faced by households practising agriculture.
[ 1st Oct 2020,North east Nigeria ] Access to land and markets, and barriers to essential services: About 10 percent of all households mentioned that they face challenges or barriers accessing essential services, with women and girls more likely to face barriers than men and boys.
[ 15th  21st Feb 2021,Adamwa and Borno states ]  Bama: 217 arrivals were recorded in Bama LGA of Borno state. The arrivals included 142 individuals from Gombe LGA of Gombe state, 54 individuals from Marwa region in Cameroon and 21 individuals from Bama LGA of Borno state. Fifty five per cent of the movements recorded were voluntary relocation and 45 per cent of the movements occured as a result of poor living conditions. Michika: 183 arrivals were recorded in Michika LGA of Adamawa state. The arrivals included 58 individuals from Gombi, 45 individuals from Hong, 44 individuals from Song and 36 individuals from Michika LGAs of Adamawa state. All of the movements recorded were triggered by improved security situation in areas of origin.
[ 31st August 2020, Jere, Mafa, Kondunga and Maiduguri ] Less than a third of the overall sampled household  ( 29% )  did not know of any law in Nigeria about care and safety of children. 41% of households reported having a place in the community where children can go if they are abused  ( physical, sexual, psychological etc )  or if they run away from home. An overwhelming 87% reported that the community leader's house was that place, followed by social worker and NGO  ( 19% )  and a community members house  ( 14% ) .
[ 31st August 2020, Jere, Mafa, Kondunga and Maiduguri ] Of the proportion of household that do report cases of child abuse, 70% report to bulama  ( community leader )  and 12% family member. Other reporting channels mentioned by respondents include Police/Army/CJTF  ( 8% )  and NGO staff  ( 4% ) . For the 10% of respondent that do not report cases of child abuse, the main reasons for their silence include; dont know where to report  ( 64% ) , fear of retaliation  ( 14% ) , none of my business  ( 13% )  and no action is likely to be taken  ( 11% ) . 57% of respondents heard about NGO/Government agencies providing child services in their community.
[ 28th Jun 2021, Borno State ]  Health : Updates from a monthly health review meeting this week indicate that some 68 cases of measles and two related fatalities were recorded across camps and communities in May, bringing the total reported cases to 289. Nearly all IDP camps in the state have reported cases since the outbreak started in March, with children under five among the worst affected. Vaccination programmes are being intensified across LGAs, although insecurity is impeding access to some locations, especially in the northern axis of the state. Hard to reach teams are being deployed to work with government partners on how best to reach populations in these locations with vaccination and other critical health services.
[ 10th   16th May 2021, Borno State ]  No new case confirmed for the reported week . Total number of Confirmed Cases as at end of epi week 19 stands at 1,343. 1 active case receiving care. Total number of patients discharged for the week – 0 Cumulative number discharged so far – 1,305 No death recorded in week 19 . Total associated deaths – 38  ( 26 in Isolation facilities and 12 community death. ) . Distribution of confirmed cases by LGA   256 from Jere, 946 from MMC, 16 from Gwoza, 3 from Damboa, 13 from Bayo, 12 from Biu, 1 from Gubio, 1 from Munguno, 1 from Kaga, 1 from Mobbar, 73 from Konduga, 2 from Nganzai, 2 from Shani, 6 from Hawul and 6 from Ngala LGAs
[ 10th   16th May 2021, Adamawa State ]  As at 16th May 2021, 15,829 suspected cases have been reported out of which 1,130 were confirmed positive, 14,185 were found negative, three were inconclusive while 624 results remain pending. Majority of confirmed cases were from Yola South.
[ 4th June 2021, Yobe state ] Health Needs: • Support is needed for intensive active case search to community level in security compromised and high burdened LGAs. • Stock out of reagent in the molecular laboratory is interrupting COVID 19 testing. • There is disruption of primary healthcare  ( PHC )  services in Yunusari and Geidam.
[ 23rd Feb 2021,North east Nigeria ]  In the evening of 23 February, an Armed Opposition Group  ( AOG )  attacked the Borno State Capital of Maiduguri, Northeast Nigeria using projectiles, killing 17 civilians and injuring at least another 45. A clash with government forces ensued and finished when the AOG withdrew.
[ 1st Aug Dec,Borno state ]  Between mid August and December 2020, MSF's mobile team provided a total of 6,881 consultations for children living in villages outside Maiduguri. MSF staff tested 6,463 children for malaria and treated 2,260 children for the disease, referring 18 of them to hospital. The team also treated 71 children for severe acute malnutrition and 190 children for moderate acute malnutrition.
[ 4th May 2021, Nigeria ] It is important to point out that some respondents mentioned that they stopped activities that required gathering such as morning assemblies and some playground games.
[ 14th  18th December 2020, Nigeria ] The Physical need of schools are quite many. Most of them are in dare need of repair, some with no functional WASH facilities, no fencing, open defecation, dilapidated structures. Another very conspicuous physical need is the absent of ramps for PWD in many of the school structures.
[ 1st Oct 2020,North east Nigeria ] In addition to lack of capital, lack of equipment and inputs, limited land access further exacerbate agricultural productivity. Prices of inputs  ( including tools, seeds, as well as fuel )  related to agriculture have increased across all LGAs, as reported by an overwhelming 91 percent of households practising agriculture.
[ 14th  18th December 2020, Nigeria ] The lockdown worsened the rate of school dropout. With the closure of schools, many adolescents have fallen into petty crime and have reported that they were not willing to go back to school when they re open. Increased rates of pregnancy have been reported by the respondents, and many youths highlighted the absence of alternative education activities while schools are closed as a potential factor for future drop out once the schools will re open.
[ 1st Oct 2020,North east Nigeria ] Recommendations: Transfer modality: Given that over 95 percent of households have physical access to markets, rely on markets to meet most of their food needs, especially for foods of high nutrition value, and report poor purchasing power, cash is the most preferred transfer modality for households to meet their essential needs – except for some hard to reach areas, such as Mobbar, Borno
[ 31st August 2020, Jere, Mafa, Kondunga and Maiduguri ] Respondents awareness on covid 19 risks and mitigation to protect their household and communities. When respondents were asked if they knew of any measures to prevent themselves and those around them from getting sick from Coronavirus, the majority  ( 80% )  of respondents reported constant hand washing, and keeping a safe distance from others  ( 66% ) . disaggregation of the data showed no significant difference between LGAs.
[ 25th Feb 2021,Nigeria ]  Kano, 25 February 2021  With the second wave of COVID 19 outbreak in Nigeria, WHO is supporting government to leverage on the existing Auto Visual Acute Flaccid Paralysis Detection and Reporting  ( AVADAR )  system to strengthen community based surveillance for the disease. In 731 wards across eleven  ( 11 )  COVID 19 high risk states, WHO is supporting engagement of more than 670 AVADAR informants to conduct house to house COVID 19 surveillance and reporting of suspected COVID 19 cases, sensitize and support contact tracing in the communities.
[ 1st April 2021, Nigeria ] Most sources indicated that particularly victims' family members were at risk of being subjected to threats and reprisals by traffickers, especially when victims would still be in Europe but outside of the sphere of influence of their madams.
[ 1st April 2021, Nigeria ] Women, poor people and internally displaced persons  ( IDPs )  face particularly serious challenges on their paths to justice. People at the cross sections of vulnerability, such as poor and rural women, are particularly disadvantaged. On average, poor women in Nigeria are the least likely to achieve resolution of their legal problems. Their problems are close to home. They relate to neighbors and family members. Women have little confidence that they can receive justice when they need it. They are afraid to aggravate relationships characterized by dependency.'
[ 19th Feb 2021,Nigeria ]  The new figure reported from 23 states raised the total infections in the country to 150,908. Since the start of the second wave of COVID 19 last December, Nigeria has recorded more cases of the virus. An average of over 1,000 cases have been reported daily since the beginning of 2021.
[ 28th June   4th July 2021, Nigeria ]  Coordination:  Response is being coordinated by the national multi sectoral EOC hosted at NCDC, in collaboration with Federal Ministry of Water Resources  ( FMWR ) ,National Primary Health care Development Agency ( NPHCDA ) and partners  Currently,Zamfara,Kaduna,Bauchi,Plateau,FCTandKanoState levelEOCsarein response mode  National Rapid Response Teams  ( RRTs )  with response commodities were deployed by NCDCtosupporttheresponseinsixstates Benue,Kano,Kaduna,Zamfara,Bauchi and Plateau States  Micro plan for reactive OCV campaign in Bauchi LGA, Bauchi State submitted to the GTFCC
[ 15th  21st Feb 2021,Adamwa and Borno states ]  Dikwa: 3446 arrivals were recorded in Dikwa LGA of Borno state. The arrivals included 3380 individuals from Marte LGA of Borno state and 66 individuals from Ogbomoso North LGA of Oyo state. Ninety eight per cent relocated due to conflict/attack and 2 per cent of the movements recorded were voluntary relocation. Askira/Uba: 136 arrivals and 239 departures were recorded in Askira/Uba LGA of Borno state. The arrivals included 118 individuals from Askira/Uba, 13 individuals from Biu, 5 individuals from Gwoza LGAs of Borno state. The departures included 104 individuals to Askira/Uba LGA of Borno state, 91 individuals to Hong, 25 individuals to Michika and 19 individuals to Mubi North LGAs of Adamawa state. Sixty eight per cent of the relocations were triggered by fear of attack, 20 per cent relocated as a result of improved security situation in areas of origin, 6 per cent relocated voluntarily and 6 per cent relocated due to poor living conditions
[ 28th June   4th July 2021, Nigeria ]  Laboratory surveillance:  Supported testing of samples received from Benue, Niger, Plateau, Bauchi, Jigawa, Kaduna, Kano and FCT at NCDC National Reference Laboratory  ( NRL ) ,Abuja. Planned training of State Laboratory Scientists on sample collection and analysis
[ 28th June   4th July 2021, Nigeria ]  Risk communications:  Cholera jingles are being aired in English and local languages  Community socia lmobilisation, distribution of Information, Education and Communication  ( IEC )  materials and awareness campaigns ongoing in affected communities  Continued follow up with states for update on risk communication
[ 1st Oct 2020,North east Nigeria ] Households mentioning food assistance as their first priority have the highest proportion of households with poor and borderline food consumption. These households also have a highest prevalence of households with expenditures less than the MEB, with MDDI score above the 1/3rd cut off point, and those adopting crisis or emergency coping strategies. On the other hand, households reporting health/medical as their first priority are likely to be better off households, as the prevalence in other indicators is far less compared to those prioritizing food assistance and other sectors  ( Table 3 ) .
[ 1st Oct 2020,North east Nigeria ] Among agricultural households, 40 percent perceive harvest to be same compared to last year. Thirty four percent of agricultural households expected harvest to be better than the average, while the remaining 24.9 percent expect to be less than the average. Northern and central Borno  ( Dikwa, Monguno, Maiduguri )  and Jakusko, Karasuwa, and Gujba, Northern Adamawa B1 and C, Southern Adamawa B report less than average harvest. Hawul, Gwoza, Khwaya Kusar  ( Borno )  and Bade and Bursari have the highest rates of better than average harvest perception
[ 16   30 June 2021, Northeast Nigeria ] EDUCATION: 36% of camps have access to primary education on site while 64% access varies in distance or not accessible due to distance  ( figure 12 )  Over 60% of the camps need instructional and writing materials. 14% of camps do not have access to functional primary education or alternative form of basic education on site  ( figure 13 )
[ 1st Oct 2020,North east Nigeria ] Households with the least lasting stock were reported in Monguno, Dikwa, Maiduguri and Biu in Borno states. Forty percent of households rearing livestock have fewer animals than a typical year. The main reasons for fewer animals include distressed sales for urgent cash  ( 72.5 percent of all livestock rearing households )  and selling animals as a result of being unable to feed them  ( 49.1 percent ) .
[ 1st Oct 2020,North east Nigeria ] COVID related restrictions as well as wider economic impact negatively affected 63.5 percent of all households. This aggregated figure for negative economic impact is further broken down as follows: 17.6 percent all households mentioning complete loss of income source, 30 percent deterioration in income, 15.9 percent a disproportionate increase in the cost of living. The remaining 35 percent of all households witnessed no difference or a change in income source, while a minority 1.8 percent mentioned that it has improved income. Although only four percent of households received remittances, nearly 60 percent of households who received remittances mentioned a reduction in amounts
[ 1st Oct 2020,North east Nigeria ] While over 80 percent of all interviewed households can access markets, lack of money is cited as the main reason why some households  ( 14 percent )  are unable to access markets. Food prices have continued to increase nationwide since 2019 – further exacerbated by COVID 19 border closures. As of October 2020, prices remained at a five year high.Physical access restraints to markets are rare  ( reported by only 2 percent of all households )  and include markets being too far, shops being closed, or other COVID related movement restrictions.
[ 1st Oct 2020,North east Nigeria ] High food prices and insecurity/conflict are the most common shocks experienced by households. High food prices are reported as the main shock in Yobe and Adamawa states, whereas insecurity/conflict is main shock in Borno, particularly Gubio, Magumeri, Dikwa, Ngala, Kaga LGAs. This is followed by loss of employment or reduced income as a result of COVID impact or other reasons. High fuel and transportation prices and sickness of a family member are also mentioned as other reasons.