nlp-thedeep/humsetbias huggingface dataset:
Based on the Consolidated Approach to Reporting Indicators of Food Security  ( CARI )  classification, 31 percent of households in the 13 surveyed states of Sudan were classified as food insecure, of which 27 percent were moderately food insecure and 4 percent were severely food insecure.
Apart from macro economic instability, Sudan remains characterized by a complex political environment, recurring localized conflict, large displaced populations, regional insecurity, enduring gender inequalities, high rates of malnutrition and high levels of food insecurity.
The inflation in December 2018 was recorded at 73 percent, compared to 25 percent at the same time a year earlier. The economy is also marred by the lack of liquidity, causing difficulties in conducting routine business activities, such as making payments to the suppliers and lenders, and bank withdrawal.
The overall security situation in Ag Geneina remains calm, with protests, sit ins continuing and supply routes to the town cut off. The main market is closed, and the key roads to the town remain blocked. Fresh food prices have started to increase in Ag Geneina as only a few shops are open.
WASH is the highest priority need in 22 of the locations in Kadugli. Currently, there are 170 water sources, of which 72 per cent are functional. Primarily, these water sources consist of hand pumps  ( 67% )  that are maintained by the community. On average it takes between 0 30 minutes for households to collect water – 72 per cent of which is free of charge.
IOM reports that 72 per cent of the IDPs in Ag Geneina town intend to return to their previous locations – the Krinding and Sultan House camps – once the security situation allows.
Aid agencies are scaling up response and by 2 February, all IDPs in the 71 IDP gathering points in Ag Geneina verified by WFP received food assistance, that is 67,380 people. Almost 31,000 people – over half of the target – received NFIs.
Health in Abu Jubaiha represents a high priority need in 16  ( out of the 97 visited )  locations. There are currently 165 doctors and 174 nurses, in addition to 240 midwives available. Of significance, 68 per cent of the locations do not have any health facilities available and 88 per cent do not have any pharmacies.
Sixty three per cent of the available water is free of charge – collected mostly from pools/wells  ( 36% )  or hand pumps  ( 35% ) . It takes, on average, between 0 30 minutes for households to collect water in Abu Jubaiha.
Food security is a high priority need at only one of the locations in Abu Jubaiha. The main reasons for food shortages in the locality have been attributed to the lack of finances, crop damage and low rainfall. Food aid has only been provided to two locations. The main income generating activities in the area are agriculture, livestock husbandry, firewood collecting and small trading. Veterinary services are only available in three villages.
The Sudan Logistics Cluster webpage has been published and is updated on a regular basis. The Cluster Coordinator and Information Management Officer are providing operational coordination and logistical information in support of the humanitarian community.
On 12 July, the WFP managed United Nations Humanitarian Air Services  ( UNHAS )  has resumed domestic passenger flights from Khartoum to different hard to reach locations to support UN agencies and NGOs in delivering assistance to the people in need. 985 passengers and 8 MT of light cargo were transported within Sudan in July.
The implementation of take home rations in lieu of onsite school meals, in the context of the COVID 19 pandemic, has been rolled out in 10 states. Close to 366,000 primary school students received take home rations.
There are at present 1,429 persons with physical disabilities, 580 persons with mental disabilities and 8,225 persons with chronic diseases/serious medical conditions.
Over 52 per cent of the villages, however, do not have any health facilities available in their location – 54 per cent without available pharmacies. Although it is dependent on the medical service needed, many of the medical care facilities charge the cost of medication  ( 26 )  and not the full medical fees.
Shelters in Abu Jubaiha are mostly constructed from rakooba grass  ( 48% )  or from brick  ( 28% ) . Of the existing shelters available, only six per cent are unoccupied. At present, 55 per cent of locations are in the process of constructing new shelters.
Health presents a high priority need in three  ( out of 39 visited )  locations across Kadugli. At present, there are 194 doctors and 160 nurses, in addition to 118 midwives.
Despite the challenges posed by the COVID 19 outbreak, WFP continues to provide emergency food assistance to ensure critical support reach the people in need. Over 2.4 million people received food assistance  ( in kind food or cash based transfers )  across 13 states during the month of July.
IOM's Displacement Tracking Matrix  ( DTM )  has been monitoring the impact of the mitigation measures on internally displaced persons  ( IDPs ) , including any impediments to IDP camp access in Darfur. Of the IDP camps DTM is currently monitoring in Darfur, no cases of COVID 19 amongst IDPs have been reported.  [ Specified assessed location: Darfur ]
WFP July Market Monitor showed another sharp increase in the national average retail price of sorghum compared to the previous month  ( increase of 12.1 percent ) , 233 percent higher compared to last year, 630 percent higher compared to the five year average.
Meanwhile, the prices of non cereal food items are 40 to 50 percent above last year and are over 250 percent above prices in the government areas.
The decline in conflict in 2018 has resulted in an increased number of returnees from SPLM N controlled areas and refugee camps in South Sudan to government controlled areas. According to the Humanitarian Aid Commission  ( HAC )  of South Kordofan, between January and November 2018, approximately 30,000 individuals  ( 5,600 households )  have been registered as returnees from SPLM N controlled areas and refugee camps in South Sudan to their home villages into government controlled areas.
In October 2018, WFP provide food assistances to about 3.8 million beneficiaries in Sudan through distribution of 111,096 MT of assorted food commodities and cash based transfers of 22.6 million USD. 57 percent of beneficiaries were IDPs, 12 percent were South Sudanese refugees, and 31 percent were residents in drought  and conflict affected areas.
Respondents indicated that most affected populations resort to negative coping mechanisms, such as  ( in order of frequency of response )  reducing non essential food expenditures  ( 347 ) , selling agricultural productive assets  ( e.g. livestock and tools )   ( 286 ) and seed consumption ( 222 ) .
Direct and indirect impacts of COVID 19 on households' food security were observed. On a larger scale, COVID 19 containment measures are having significant indirect impacts, such as hindering physical access of many poor households to areas where they normally generate income through labour.
Nevertheless, according to FAO, in the Blue Nile state, fish production further increased by 6 percent in July 2020 compared with June, although it remained 31.4 percent below the 2019 output at the same time of year. Rising water levels of the Rosaires Lake due to the onset of the rainfall season has also created a conducive environment for fishing. However, in the Red Sea state, the price of first class fish in July increased by 275 percent compared with the same time of the previous year.
In the Sudan however, prices strongly increased until August 2020, due to the restricted domestic supply, a weakening currency and pandemic control measures, which negatively impacted supply chains. For example, prices of locally grown sorghum and millet continued to rise in August and reached record highs
More than 506 000 people have already been affected in 17 of the country's 18 states, according to data from the Government's Humanitarian Aid Commission. In OCHA's first Floods Flash Update  ( September 2020 ) , nearly 100 people were reported to have lost their lives due to floods and landslides, and another 46 people were injured; about 20 000 ha of cropland were affected; and according to FEWS NET, the most affected states were Gezira and Kassala, followed by the Red Sea, North Kordofan, South Darfur, North Darfur, West Kordofan and Northern states.
According to FEWS NET, farmers engaged in semi mechanized activities are expecting increased labour shortages and wages during the upcoming harvest period. This is likely to result in greater costs for harvesting, delayed harvests and increased pre harvest losses. The interviewed extension officers confirmed that farmers in their areas of jurisdiction were facing some difficulties to find labour opportunities, especially in the Kordofan region  ( West, South and North ) .
Although limited informal population movements continue across borders, reduced numbers of migrant labourers travelled from Ethiopia and South Sudan in search of labour opportunities that are usually available in higher producing areas such as Gadarif, particularly during the harvest season  ( FEWS NET, 2020 ) .
Agricultural input markets were reported to be closed in multiple assessed states  ( e.g. East Darfur, Gadarif, Gezira, Kassala, Sinnar, South Kordofan, West Darfur and White Nile ) . In addition, movement restrictions hampered access to labour in most of the assessed states, with exception of Blue Nile, North, West and South Kordofan, and West Darfur.
GBV is a key concern in Sudan, including by armed groups and within communities. Refugee and IDP women and children face heightened risk of sexual violence amid overcrowding in both IDP and refugees' camps and out of camp refugee locations.
Before the onset of COVID 19, the Sudanese economy was already stressed. Structural trade, fiscal deficits, internal conflict  ( leading to major population displacement ) , widespread poverty, high inflation  ( Trading Economics, 2020 ) , high levels of inequality, climatic shocks, pest proliferation, untargeted fuel subsidies, limited public expenditures on basic services and low fiscal effort, which relies on regressive indirect taxes, are the main factors that have negatively affected the country's economy.
At least 26 individuals  ( 2% )  reported vulnerabilities that will require additional assistance and support – specifically those who reported to be either pregnant, lactating or unaccompanied minors.  ( Returnees from nearby countries like Chad )
At least 126 individuals  ( 7% )  indicated vulnerabilities that require additional assistance and support – specifically those who reported to be either pregnant, lactating or unaccompanied minors.  ( In surveys by DTM )
IDP Vulnerabilities: 285 Unaccompanied minors, 110 pregnant women, 28 Physical disabilities, 8 Unaccompanied elders and 2 Chronic illnesses
Further, access to justice for GBV survivors is very low due to lack of community awareness on legal and justice issues related to GBV; lack of legal aid; shortages of female police officers; community distrust of formal legal mechanisms; centralized handling of cases at state capitals which disadvantage survivors from poor backgrounds due to transport costs and legal fees; and weak referral mechanisms.
The evolving socio political situation in the country resulted in an increase in protection risks for children and adolescents, including in states and localities where the protection and security context had previously been stable or had improved, such as Khartoum, Nyala, North Kordofan, West Darfur and Red Sea.  [ Specific location assessed   Nyala ]
Children in these states reported experiencing physical violence including violent discipline. Caregivers and children, especially adolescent boys and girls, need life skills support, quality psychosocial support or social protection services to help them cope.
Violence at home is reported both in IDP and returnee locations across Sudan, which indicates the need to strengthen family and community based care for children. According to the Family and Child protection unit of the police  ( FCPU )  over 5,000 children  ( 30 per cent of which are girls )  suffer from domestic violence, with the highest percentages in South Darfur, Blue Nile and Khartoum.
Refugee survivors of SGBV have very limited access to justice and legal aid, and there remain significant gaps in medical and other support services. Gaps in the provision of personal hygiene kits  ( PHK )  to refugee women and girls of reproductive age persist, compounded by insufficient water supply to meet personal hygiene needs.
SGBV risk is aggravated by inadequate lighting in camps and settlements, and access to energy and water supply gaps that require women and girls to travel long distances to collect water and firewood, exposing them to harassment and violence.
Domestic violence rates are high. According to the MICS 2014 findings, 34 per cent of women across Sudan agreed that it is permissible to be beaten by a husband. Displacement and poverty heighten cases of domestic violence, which has been reported to have increased in IDP camps as husbands demand income from wives involved in incomegenerating activities  ( IGAs ) .
Boys and girls recruited by armed groups are subject to detention and separation from their families, and experience acute psychosocial distress. They also face challenges with reintegration into their communities, and barriers in access to education and other services.
Children with disabilities, 15 per cent of the child population, continue to experience physical and social barriers in accessing essential services, and are more vulnerable to violence, exploitation and abuse.
According to UNICEF, Sudan has the 16th highest rate of child marriage in the world, with approximately 34 per cent of girls married before the age of 18, and 12 per cent married before the age of 15. Child marriage is most prevalent in South and East Darfur  ( 56 per cent of girls ) , Central Darfur  ( 55 per cent ) , Blue Nile  ( 50 per cent )  and Gedaref  ( 49 per cent ) .
These groups  (  IDPs, persons with disabilities, survivors of SGBV, women, children, people with serious medical conditions, the elderly and minority groups )  have a limited ability to adapt to and mitigate new risks or hazards, and they often face additional barriers when attempting to access services. As the protection environment is weak, and further weakened in situations of conflict and protracted displacement, all vulnerable groups require protection and assistance to enable them to avoid undue physical and mental harm, fully participate in society, and access basic social services.
About half the people in need of protection support are children. This includes 585,000 refugees, IDPs, 75,937 returnees, and 1 million other vulnerable residents. Children with catastrophic severity of needs  ( severity level 5 ) , including refugees, live in 111 localities across East Darfur, Central Darfur, North Darfur, Blue Nile, South Darfur, Khartoum, South Kordofan, Sennar, Gederef, Red sea, West Darfur, West Kordofan and White Nile states.  [ Specific location assessed   Sennar ]
Nutrition status remains a concern for refugees in Sudan, with GAM and SAM rates above emergency thresholds across all camps and informal settlements. Among South Sudanese refugees, results from the Standardized Expanded Nutrition Survey  ( SENS )  in White Nile camps indicate an average GAM rate of 16 per cent and SAM rate of 2.7 per cent across eight camps, with GAM rates as high as 19 per cent and SAM rates reaching 6.4 per cent in some camps.
This  ( security concerns )  was mainly in the Kutum, Kebkabiya and Tawilla areas in North Darfur. Such localized armed violence takes place most frequently between sedentary farming and nomadic pastoral communities, as well as between nomadic communities, over access to, use of, and management of resources, particularly land for farming and grazing and water sources. Ethnic tensions also remained high in some areas in South Kordofan due to the conflict and political polarization, and in eastern Sudan where a tribal conflict between Nuba and Beni Amir tribes erupted Port Sudan.
Nutrition status in out of camp locations is also concerning, with SENS data from Kordofan states indicating GAM rates as high as 20 per cent and SAM rates of 4 per cent in El Meiram, West Kordofan; and 18 per cent GAM and 4.2 per cent SAM in El Leri, South Kordofan.  [ specific location assessed   El Meiram and El Leri  ]
In the case of both mothers and young children, micronutrient deficiencies are common, including iron deficiency anaemia. Irondeficiency anemia levels in children under 5 are 42 per cent on average, with the highest iron deficiency levels in East Darfur  ( 63 per cent ) .
By September 2019, over 320, 000 people were directly affected by floods across 15 states, of which 7,648 were pregnant women in need of safe delivery services. With thousands of houses, latrines, and public facilities destroyed or damaged, the most affected areas were White Nile, Khartoum, Kassala, North Kordofan, and North Darfur.
Additionally, 433 individuals  ( 14% )  reported significant vulnerabilities for consideration in humanitarian response planning, the most evident being those who were either pregnant or unaccompanied minors.
North Darfur, North Kordofan and Khartoum states also receive onward movements of refugees  [ from South Sudan ]  seeking livelihood opportunities.
Care International Switzerland  ( CIS )  also distributed personal hygiene kits  ( PHKs )  to address the menstrual hygiene needs of over 2,700 refugee women and girls for the next 3 months.
The South Sudanese refugee emergency remains the largest refugee crisis in Africa, and Sudan hosts one of the largest populations in the region with more than 840,000 South Sudanese refugees reported to be living in Sudan, as of 30 November 2019
Sudan has a long history of hosting refugees and asylum seekers, with over 1.1 million individuals estimated to be living in Sudan  ( as of 30 November 2019 ) . This includes refugees from the Central African Republic  ( CAR ) , Chad, the Democratic Republic of Congo  ( DRC ) , Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia, South Sudan, Syria and Yemen, who have arrived in search of safety from violence, persecution and other hazards in their countries of origin.
Domestic movement restrictions were enforced by the GoS on 31 March 2020 through a curfew in all states apart from Khartoum, where a lockdown was effective from 18 April to 7 July. As of 8 July, Khartoum State has begun a gradual unlocking with a curfew effective between 6:00 p.m. to 5:00 a.m. Bridges linking Omdurman, Khartoum and Khartoum North are open between 5:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m.
COVID 19 has now spread to all of Sudan's 18 states. The majority of all confirmed cases are in Khartoum State. Reported COVID 19 Cases in Sudan: 12,115 Confirmed, 6,305 Recovered, 792 Deaths.
Most internal state borders are expected to open soon, as well as public bus transportation between states to resume. COVID 19 testing prior to departure and upon arrival is mandatory, and a negative COVID 19 test certificate is required before travel for all travelers entering and exiting Sudan.
Port Sudan New International Airport  ( PZU )  remains closed for entry and exit.
WFP has reached all 67,380 IDPs in Ag Geneina with a one month food ration in all 71 gathering points.
As of October 2020, 1.9 million people, including 1.6 million children, are displaced due to conflict and ethnic violence in Darfur, Kordofan and Eastern states. While peace agreements mark political progress, deep communal tensions can quickly ignite into deadly violence. Sudan also hosts 1.1 million refugees fleeing strife from surrounding countries. Over 813,000 of these refugees are from South Sudan, including 560,000 living outside of camps in host communities.
Save the Children International  ( SCI )  began the construction of a new health centre in Qurayd, which will provide primary health services for over 5,000 refugee and host community members in the area.
Without additional funding now, future generations will be forced to contend with the same threats. There is an imminent risk of public health system collapse due to chronic underfunding during multiple epidemics. The education system is also struggling to prepare children for responsible citizenry and UNICEF desperately needs sufficient donor support to intervene.
Non food Items: Equipment and access to energy to prevent deforestation, followed by reforestation efforts through employment of host community members.
Civil Works: Reconstruction of Um Rakuba's main water pipeline; rehabilitation of 3 health centers in Homra, Mahala and Rashid areas, supporting host communities in the broader area; and rehabilitation of Eldarot Police Station, the closest station to Um Rakuba.  [ Specifies assessed location: Um Rakuba, Homra, Mahala, Rashid ]
Alongside the Government of Sudan, UN agencies and partners, UNDP has mobilized emergency response teams and resources, supporting emergency employment, civil works, physical access, human security, access to energy, and health. To date, efforts have focused on the Um Rakuba and Tunaydbah refugee camps, destinations for many refugees, as well as 7 surrounding host communities, and the fluctuating numbers of refugees transiting Hamdayet
With timely and flexible funding, UNICEF and its partners can effectively address the growing needs of children and families affected by the deteriorating economy, growing food insecurity, fragile government transition and the COVID 19 pandemic
In 2021, UNICEF requires US$199.3 million to reach the 1.7 million most vulnerable children in Sudan and their communities with humanitarian assistance. The threefold increase in humanitarian funding is needed for UNICEF and partners on the ground to reach all of the 5.4 million children in need.
While the recent steps taken towards securing peace have opened the possibility of humanitarian assistance in previously inaccessible areas in Darfur, Kordofan and Blue Nile, humanitarian needs remain high: 9.3 million people, including 5.4 million children, will require humanitarian assistance in 2021.
Sudan's food and nutritional security are eroding, deepening a crisis already affecting 14 per cent of the population. Over 574,000 children require treatment for severe acute malnutrition  ( SAM )  and the operational costs of reaching these children are rising.
In addition to the violence, flooding and disease outbreaks, populations are affected by the economic turmoil that has undermined livelihoods and increased vulnerabilities across the country. Annual inflation reached 168 per cent in August 2020 and the middle class is shrinking.
People in Sudan remain extremely vulnerable to emergencies. Deepening poverty is causing widespread malnutrition; lapses in the rule of law are allowing ethnic tensions to erupt into violence; flooding and disease outbreaks are destroying lives and livelihoods; and education interruptions in 2019 and 2020 have left 13 million children out of school. COVID 19 and related mitigation measures are further complicating these existing challenges.
These hardships are threatening people's lives, denying children – particularly girls – access to an education, creating serious protection risks and giving rise to violations and abuse, including gender based violence.
Based on a ranking scale, the main priority needs are food, emergency shelter & non food items and Health. In addition, the vulnerabilities were Chronic illness  ( 18 ) , Pregnant women ( 15 ) , Lactating women (  12 ) , physical disabilities  ( 7 ) , female headed households  ( 3 ) , Mental illness  ( 2 )  and Unaccompanied elders  ( 1 )  in the area.
Approximately 63 IDP households  ( 100% )  are gathering in open areas in shelters constructed using local materials.
19 January 2021, Khartoum: With more than 58,000 refugees from Ethiopia having crossed into Sudan, UNDP has committed US$2.02m to address urgent needs, establish basic services and durable solutions, and provide much needed supplies for refugees and already at risk host communities. But, a funding gap of US$4.8m is limiting expansion to others in critical need.
Data collected through the return intention indicator suggests that all displaced individuals intend to remain in the same area and return to their homes upon reconstruction.
Reports indicate one injury sustained, and at least 47 individuals having lost personal belongings and livestock.
Due to the protests, the state governments in South and East Darfur, White Nile, Blue Nile, Kassala, Gadaref, Port Sudan, El Obeid, South, North and West Kordofan States ordered the temporary closure of all educational institutions.
The new tukuls  [ durable shelters ]  are part of a pilot for durable shelter in Al Jamey'a in White Nile State, and aligns with efforts to enhance the sustainability of the response in White Nile State through investments in improved camp infrastructure.
In line with the scale up of WFP's current resilience programme in Sudan, WFP, jointly with the Government of Sudan and private sector manufacturers, launched an innovative national marketing campaign, the Hermetic Storage Campaign, to create awareness about the benefits of good storage conditions for crops. The hermetic storage campaign is an innovative initiative that supports the scale up of WFP's current resilience programme in Sudan.
Every year, farmers in Sudan lose 30 40% of their crops post harvest, due to poor storage conditions. This represents a loss of over one billion dollars for the local economy. Hermetic storage bags are a safe, cost effective solution that can enable farmers to preserve more of their grain, all year round.
15,765 Metric Tonne  ( mt )  of food assistance distributed, US$ 1.78 m cash based transfers made, US$ 35.2 m six months  ( February July 2019 )  net funding requirements, 2.37 m people assisted in December 2018.
UNICEF also assisted UNHCR in responding to the needs of refugees outside camps which represent an estimated 78 percent of total refugee populations. These are served through activities such as, outpatient programmes, infant and young child feeding counselling sessions  ( IYCFs ) , community based child protection networks and WASH programmes.
The UNICEF led sectors supported delivery of humanitarian assistance into newly accessible areas in Jebel Mara, South Kordofan and Blue Nile through strengthened sub national coordination structures, government and local partners' capacity building and prepositioning of essential supplies ready for immediate delivery to populations in need.
In 2018, Sudan's deteriorating economic conditions have coupled with the ongoing conflict in Darfur and Kordofan regions. This has significantly hindered the delivery and quality of basic services such as health, WASH, education and other social services to an increasingly vulnerable population.
The insufficient availability of funding for humanitarian actors, a need for timely issuance of visa and travel permits for humanitarian actors and the rapid processing of technical agreements were some of the concerns related to UNICEF's ability to respond to humanitarian needs. The status quo of sporadic fighting during 2018 also meant that the numbers of displaced populations continue to create vulnerabilities, with the majority being children and women.
% of  [ households ]  in each Food Consumption Score category, by population group: Non displaced: Acceptable  ( 79% ) , Borderline  ( 16% ) , Poor  ( 5% ) . IDP: Acceptable  ( 40% ) , Borderline  ( 39% ) , Poor  ( 21% ) . Refugee: Acceptable  ( 46% ) , Borderline  ( 35% ) , Poor  ( 19% ) .
The number of registered refugees from South Sudan in Darfur currently stands at 150,326 as of December 2018 . The inter agency assessments conducted in areas such as Mistariha, Otash and Hissahissa camps, Rokero, Thur, East Jebel Marra, and Golo uncovered massive humanitarian needs in health, nutrition, education, shelter, WASH, food and protection areas.
A measles outbreak was also reported, with Kassala, Gedaref and Northern States being the most affected.
Heavy rains and consequent flash floods also shaped the 2018 humanitarian situation and affected more than 195,000 people, damaging households and livelihoods in 15 out of Sudan's 18 States.
The situation  [ economic crisis ]  was aggravated by shortages of fuel, bread, medicines and cash, impacting vulnerable children and families, including 5.5 million people in need of humanitarian assistance, and slowing humanitarian and development operations by all partners.
In 2018, Sudan continued to face protracted, complex and overlapping humanitarian challenges, driven by internal and external conflicts and large scale displacements, climatic and socioeconomic conditions that led to natural disasters, epidemics, food insecurity and malnutrition.
Insecurity, access restrictions, limited funding, and bureaucratic impediments limit relief agencies' ability to respond to humanitarian and recovery needs in Sudan. Despite humanitarian access improvements since 2016, particularly in Jebel Marra, relief agencies continue to face a challenging operational environment in Sudan.  [ Specific location assessed   Jebel Marra ]
American Refugee Committee  ( ARC )  distributed non food items including blankets, buckets, plastic sheeting, sleeping mats, and mosquito nets to all IDP households sheltering in Melloi. In addition, ARC is providing basic health care services to the IDP population through the operation of an eight member mobile clinic, which is providing prenatal counseling and COVID 19 awareness education, among other services.
On December 22, the UN Security Council  ( UNSC )  voted to terminate the UNAMID mandate, effective December 31. As of January 2, demonstrations and sit ins continued in IDP camps in Darfur, while solidarity protests took place in El Gezira, North Darfur, North Kordofan, River Nile, and South Darfur states demanding the extension of the UNAMID mandate.
The withdrawal of the African Union UN Hybrid Mission in Darfur  ( UNAMID )  continued to prompt protests throughout Sudan in late December and early January, with many IDPs and host community members expressing concern that the withdrawal will contribute to increased insecurity, international media report.  [ Specific location assessed   Darfur ]
GoS and GoRSS representatives cited both the October 2020 Juba Peace Agreement and the continued efforts to implement the September 2018 Revitalized Agreement on the Resolution of the Conflict in South Sudan as the preconditions and foundations for the displacement agreement. Moreover, both governments agreed to prioritize the creation of conditions conducive to the voluntary, safe, dignified, and sustainable return of IDPs and refugees.
However, many new arrivals  ( refugees ) have expressed hesitancy about relocating to Tunaydbah and Um Rakuba camps, citing concerns about inadequate services and overcrowding, as well as a fear of being unable to return to Ethiopia when security conditions permit.
Similarly, a recent IPC analysis, released in November, indicated atypically widespread acute food insecurity in Sudan, estimating that 7.1 million people were facing Crisis IPC 3 or worse acute food insecurity between October and December, including nearly 1.3 million people likely facing Emergency  IPC 4 conditions. The analysis cited inflation and resultant high prices of food and agricultural inputs, as well as the impact of flooding and displacement, as key drivers of acute food insecurity in Sudan.
Close to 550,000 primary school students have received take home rations in the ongoing implementation of take home rations in lieu of on site school meals, in the context of the COVID 19 pandemic school closure.  ( By WFP )
The average retail price of goat increased by 80.1 percent compared to the same month of the previous year. It was higher by 353 percent compared to the five year average of January.
[ The average national retail price of sorghum... ]  This increase is due to the high cost of production, high transportation cost to consumption areas, in addition to current high demand as the harvest from the previous season is depleted, i.e. no carry over from the previous season.
[ In January 2021... ] This is mainly due to the slight deterioration in the currency as Sudan is mostly depend on the importation of wheat. The average retail price of wheat is more than 209.0 percent higher than the same period of the previous year.
UNHCR and COR  [ Comission for Refugees   Sudanese government agency ]  have identified reception assistance gaps for new arrivals in West Kordofan, with the majority of newly arrived refugees traveling to locations without consistent reception assistance coverage, including in Muglad, Bananusa and Dibab.
These issues  [ reasons for school dropout ]  underscore the links between livelihoods gaps and education access for both refugee and host community children in West Kordofan. Protection and education partners are collaborating on ways to address these issues. Scale up of diversified livelihoods interventions and education assistance to support school retention is needed.
NCA  [ Norwegian Church Aid ]  has begun the construction of an additional water yard  [ in Beile IDP camp ]  to increase water supply access closer to UNHCR's emergency standard of 20 litres per person per day. Both refugees and IDPs will have access to the water yards.
The main reasons for dropout cited by families include: children needing to work to support household income; inability to cover costs of school fees and supplies; household responsibilities  ( i.e., the need to support sick parents and provide sibling care ) ; and discrimination.
Plan International Sudan  ( PIS )  and national partner ALAAN Charity Organization conducted home visits with 130 refugee and host community families in the locality to identify drivers of school dropout.
Norwegian Church Aid  ( NCA )  completed the construction of a new water yard for the refugee settlement at Beilel IDP camp where 4,560 South Sudanese refugees are currently living. This has improved refugees' access to safe water from 7 litres per person per day to 11 litres.
Total south sudanese refugee population increased to 851,313 individuals, following receipt of updated population statistics – This revised figure incorporates updated statistics from finalized registration processes conducted by the Government of Sudan's Immigration and Passport Police  ( IPP )  in Gedaref, Al Gezira, Nile and Northern States.
UNHCR provided a two month supply of drugs to the health centre at Dar Batti settlement in El Leri to support the health needs of over 6,000 refugees and host community members who regularly access the centre.
In 2019, the campaign engaged more than 15,000 Eritreans in Khartoum and over 58,000 Eritreans and Ethiopians in East Sudan through diverse communication channels such as outreach volunteers, readings in schools, video screenings etc. UNHCR alongside partners, revived the previously inactive Counter Trafficking and Mixed Migration Working Group  ( CTWG ) , which UNHCR co chairs with  [ International Organization for Migration ]  IOM.
In 2019, UNHCR has provided some 1,3 million Non Food Items  ( NFIs )  to people across Sudan, including refugees, returnees, IDPs and host communities. The NFI basic kit consists of plastic sheets, blankets, sleeping kitchen set, and a 20 litre jerry can per household. Larger households  ( greater than five people )  are provided additional items to meet their needs. Furthermore, refugees also receive seasonal mosquito nets
There are some 2 million IDPs in Sudan. UNHCR coordinates the Protection Sector and the  [ Emergency Shelter/Non Food Item ]  ES/NFI Sectors, covering assistance primarily to IDPs and returnees in Darfur and the Kordofan States. Recently, intercommunal clashes between Massalit and Arab tribes in El Geneina, West Darfur, displaced some 41,000 people, most of whom had already been displaced before and resided in camps for IDPs.
Since the outbreak of violence in Chad in 2005 2007, Central Darfur State has hosted more than 8,000 Chadian refugees. This population has mostly repatriated, with over 3,000 still remaining in Um Shalaya Camp in Central Darfur State. Following the signing of a Tripartite Agreement between UNHCR and the two governments in 2017, repatriation of Chadians began in December 2017, but was halted in April 2019, due to the security situation.
Additionally, renewed inter tribal violence in areas of Birao locality in north eastern Central African Republic continues to force people to flee their homes and seek safety in Darfur, Sudan. In November and December, more than 12,000 persons arrived in Sudan, bringing the total of new arrivals for 2019 to some 17,000. In January 2020, some additional 3,300 CAR refugees arrived in Darfur.
South Sudanese people continue to seek protection in Sudan. In 2019, more than 18,000 arrived, compared to a total of over 31,000 new arrivals in 2018. In January 2020 alone, 3,400 additional men, women and children arrived.
As of 31 January 2020, Sudan was hosting some 1 million refugees and asylum seekers, and UNHCR works closely with its main government counterpart, the Commission for Refugees  ( COR ) , on asylum issues.
UNHCR also provides protection and assistance to internally displaced people  ( IDP )  and is engaged in tackling situations of  ( potential )  statelessness. The high inflation and the rising cost of living drastically affected livelihoods for the entire population.
14 million USD were allocated for Sudan under the central emergency reserve fund  [ Community Emergency Relief Fund ]  CERF with 3.5 million USD for health.
Flash floods resulted in the destruction of 41,514 homes, damaging another 27,242, and displacing around 350,000, main affected states were, While Nile, Kassala, Khartoum, Gazeera, and North Kordofan.
UNICEF's Communication for Development C4D Section in partnership with the  [ State Ministry of Health ]  SMoH/ Health Promotion Unit organized a training for 200 youth volunteers form Khartoum state on flood response, In addition to above UNICEF is training 200 volunteers for 6 states and Kassala will have refreshment sessions for 250 Volunteers who were trained last year during the AWD  [ acute Watery Diarrhoea ]  outbreak. The training is focusing on the integrated strategy for the Water Related Diseases and long term impact on behavioural change.
UNICEF also supported CASH interventions  ( $296,360 )  that included water trucking, chlorination, construction of emergency latrines and hygiene promotion. Nearly 146,000 flood affected people were reached through WASH supplies and cash interventions
41 Fogging machines and 20 entomological surveillance kits were procured and distributed to the affected states including Khartoum state covering 180,000 people Integrated vector control campaigns in the 7 states in KH, White Nile, North Darfur, Kassala, Red Sea and Gadaref States covering 500,000 Population
In White Nile state,  [ United National Population Fund ]  UNFPA supported CAFA  ( a local NGO )  to establish mobile clinics providing  [ Sexual and Reproductive Health ]  SRH and GBV services in Alsalam locality & Aljabalain localities. In addition, UNFPA supported the provision of  [ Antenatal Care ]  ANC services to 170 pregnant women, clean delivery kits distribution to 1173 women and Family planning services provision to 193 women.
The  [ Federal Ministry of Health ]  FMoH, with WHO support, has activated the daily Early Warning Alert and Response System  ( EWARS )  in all health facilities in areas affected by floods
WHO supported the Blue Nile ministry of health with two Cholera kits enough to treat 200 cases and in partnership with  [ Action on Disability and Development ]  ADD international case reporting and health awareness campaigns are being conducted in all reported cases areas of resident.
Supporting 11 mobile clinics across affected areas of Khartoum and 6 in White Nile, with Provision of 10  [ Interagency Emergency Health Kit ]  IEHK and 5  [ Rapid Response Kits ]  RRKs, and Miscellaneous medical Items covering around 70,000 affected people.
Reported typhoid cases breached the epidemic threshold in Gadaref, West Kordofan, South Kordofan, and constantly breaching the threshold since week 1 of 2019 in White Nile state. The latter is one of the most affected by floods among all states with limited access in many areas hindering the humanitarian effort even further.
Reported dysentery cases until week 34 reached 137,630 cases.
By the end of reporting week 34, Total reported cases  [ of malaria ]  across Sudan were 1,056,194 cases.
51 areas in the states of Jazeera, Sennar, and White Nile were completely surrounded with water and rendered inaccessible and hindering the humanitarian effort. According to the Sudanese meteorological authority, by the end of August the Inter Tropical Convergence Zone ITCZ has moved south sparing the central region of Sudan including Khartoum from further heavy rains, however Sothern parts and neighbouring countries are still subject to high rain fall and raise in the river Nile water levels until the end of October.
Around 11,000 latrines were destroyed by the floods resulting in contamination of drinking water sources.
During the month of August, the Sudan was affected by heavy rains, mainly across the southern parts of the country, exceeding 200 ml of rain is some parts and resulting in significant increase of river Nile water levels impacting the states along the river path specifically Khartoum state.
18% Of surveyed refugee  [ households ]  HHs reported having women and/or girls who had avoided areas in their current location because they felt unsafe, in the 6 months prior to data collection, IDP  ( 27% ) , Non displaced  ( 15% ) .
8% of surveyed refugee  [ households ]  HHs reported having experienced safety or security incidents affecting HH members in the 3 months prior to data collection. Among HHs that reported having experienced safety or security incidents affecting HH members in the 3 months prior to data Collection, % of surveyed refugee HHs by the gender ( s )  and age group ( s )  of the victim ( s ) : Men aged 18 years or older  ( 43% ) , Women aged 18 years or older  ( 31% ) , Girls aged 0 17 years  ( 26% ) , Boys aged 0 17 years  ( 19% ) .
% of  [ households ]  HHs that reported having experienced movement restrictions in the 6 months prior to data collection: Refugee  ( 34% ) , IDP  ( 63% ) , Non  displaced  ( 48% ) .
Among the 85% of refugee  [ households ]  HHs with children aged 4 16 years, 49% Of surveyed refugee HHs have children who were attending school regularly  ( ≥4 days/week )  during the 2019 2020 school year before the schools were closed on 15 March 2020 due to COVID 19, IDP  ( 62% ) , Non displaced  ( 77% ) .
Among the 65% HHs overall that attempted to access health care in the 3 months prior to data collection, and who experienced barriers to accessing this health care, top 5 barriers by % of HHs: Lack of medicinse at the health facility  ( 70% ) , Cost of services and/or medicine was too high/cannot afford to pay  ( 66% ) , High cost of transportation to health facilities  ( 26% ) , Health facility is overcrowded  ( 25% ) , Absence/shortage of qualified health workers at the health facility  ( 25% ) .
Among  [ households ]  HHs that attempted to access health care in the 3 months prior to data collection, and who experienced barriers to accessing this health care, top 8 barriers by % of surveyed refugee HHs were: Cost of services/medicine too high/cannot afford  ( 64% ) , Lack of medicines at the health facility  ( 49% ) , Health facility is overcrowded  ( 28% ) , High cost of transportation to health facilities  ( 24% ) , Health facility has long waiting times  ( 15% ) , Absence/shortage of qualified health workers  ( 10% ) , Treatment for my condition/disease not available  ( 10% ) , health facility is too far away  ( 10% ) .
80% Of surveyed refugee  [ households ]  HHs attempted to access health care  ( including medicines )  in the 3 months prior to data collection, IDP  ( 84% ) , Non displaced  ( 80% ) . Among HHs that attempted to access health care in the 3 months prior to data collection, 81% of surveyed refugee HHs experienced barriers to accessing this health care, IDP  ( 96% ) , Non displaced  ( 82% ) .
93% Of surveyed refugee  [ households ]  HHs can access primary health care from their dwellings in ≤ 1 hour.
37% Of surveyed refugee  [ households ]  HHs rely on unimproved sanitation facilities: Open defecation  ( 16% ) , Open hole  ( 12% ) , Pit latrine without a slab platform  ( 7% ) , hanging toilet/latrine  ( 2% ) .
Among  [ households ]  HHs with shelter, 78% of surveyed refugee HHs were living in shelters that did not meet agreed technical and performance standards, IDP  ( 90% ) , Non displaced  ( 61% ) .
61% Of surveyed refugee  [ households ]  HHs have problems related to access to or quality of water, IDP  ( 80% ) , Non displaced  ( 60% ) . 85% Of surveyed refugee HHs said their primary source of drinking water was functioning at the time of data collection, IDP  ( 93% ) , Non displaced  ( 88% ) .
32% Of surveyed refugee  [ households ]  HHs rely on unimproved sources for their primary source of drinking water.
22% Of surveyed refugee  [ households ]  HHs had ≥1 child aged 6 59 months enrolled in a therapeutic feeding programme at the time of data collection, IDP  ( 26% ) , Non displaced  ( 16% ) . Among HHs with ≥1 child aged 6 59 months enrolled in a therapeutic feeding programme, 74% of surveyed refugee HHs received micronutrient powder, IDP  ( 74% ) , Non displaced  ( 77% ) .
Percentage of Households in each Food Consumption Score category, by population group: Refugee: Acceptable  ( 46% ) , Borderline  ( 35% ) , Poor  ( 19% ) . IDP: Acceptable  ( 40% ) , Borderline  ( 39% ) , Poor  ( 21% ) . Non  Displaced: Acceptable  ( 79% ) , Borderline  ( 16% ) , Poor  ( 5% ) .
68% Of surveyed refugee  [ households ]  HHs experienced a shock in the 6 months prior to data collection, IDP  ( 91% ) , Non displaced  ( 76% ) . Among HHs that experienced a shock in the 6 months prior to data collection, 37% Of surveyed refugee HHs sold assets to cope with this shock: IDP  ( 61% ) , Non displaced  ( 52% ) .
% of respondents by top 5 preferred means of providing feedback to aid providers about the quality, quantity and appropriateness of aid: Face to face at home with aid worker  ( 40% ) , Phone call  ( 35% ) , Face to face in office or other venue with aid worker  ( 34% )  and Face to face with community leader/focal point  ( 18% ) .
13% of  [ households ]  HHs overall reported that they had housing, land or property issues, percentage of HHs by top 5 types of issues were: landlord/tenant disputes about rent  ( 35% ) , Inheritances issues  ( 22% ) , Disputed ownership  ( 21% ) , threat of eviction/ harassment by landlord or others  ( 11% )  and Rules and processes on housing and land not clear  ( 8% ) .
48% of  [ households ]  HHs overall reported having experienced movement restrictions in the 6 months prior to data collection: Non displaced  ( 48% ) , IDP  ( 63% ) , Refugee  ( 34% ) . 6% of HHs overall reported having experienced safety or security incidents affecting HH members in the 3 months prior to data collection: Non displaced  ( 6% ) , IDP  ( 6% ) , Refugee  ( 8% ) . 22% of HHs overall reported having ≥1 members who were missing ≥1 types of civil documentation, such as a passport, national ID or birth certificate, at the time of data collection: Non displaced  ( 22% ) , IDP  ( 36% ) , Refugee  ( 33% ) .
% of  [ households ]  HHs in each Reduced Coping Strategy Index category, by population group: Non displaced: Low  ( 58% ) , Medium  ( 23% ) , High  ( 20% ) . IDP: Low  ( 36% ) , Medium  ( 26% ) , High  ( 38% ) . Refugee:  ( Low  ( 50% ) , Medium  ( 24% ) , High  ( 26% ) .
Among the 76% of  [ households ]  HHs with children aged 4 16 years, 76% of these HHs have children who were attending school regularly  ( ≥4 days/week )  during the 2019 2020 school year before the schools were closed on 15 March 2020 due to COVID 19: Non displaced  ( 77% ) , IDP  ( 62% ) , Refugee  ( 49% ) . And among these HHs overall, 98% declared that their children either would return to school once the schools re opened, or if the schools had already re opened, that they had already returned to school 40% had children that continued learning activities remotely 72% had parents, caregivers or older siblings who were able to support home based learning.