nlp-thedeep/humsetbias huggingface dataset:
In the projection period of December 2020 to March 2021, the food security situation in Upper Nile State will not change much and an estimated 858,000 people  ( 58.8% of the population )  are projected to be in Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  or worse acute food insecurity, of which 634,000 people will likely be in Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  acute food insecurity, and 224,000 people will likely be in Emergency  ( IPC Phase 4 )  acute food insecurity.
Arrival and departure screening for COVID 19 was conducted, reaching a total of 24,164 travellers, as follows: 9,926 individuals screened at Juba International Airport, 7,148 individuals screened at Nimule Border Crossing, 1,971 individuals screened at Wau Airport, 94 individuals screened at Wunthou  ( Renk ) , 5,025 individuals screened at Amiet  ( Abyei )   ( 05   18 October 2020 )
DTM South Sudan continued the COVID 19 Mobility Impact exercise, providing information on movement restrictions, active measures, and the impact of the outbreak on different population groups in the country for 90 locations across the country, including land and blue border points, airports, and internal transit points and areas  ( towns, cities )   ( 05   18 October 2020 )
Between April and July 2021, the food security situation is expected to deteriorate further throughout the entire State, with an estimated 1.68 million people  ( 84.7% of the population )  likley to be in Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  or worse acute food insecurity, of which 876,000 people will likely be in Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  acute food insecurity, 792,000 people will likely be in Emergency  ( IPC Phase 4 )  acute food insecurity, and 11,000 people will likely be in Catastrophe  ( IPC Phase 5 )  acute food insecurity in Akobo County.
In order to meet the needs of vulnerable populations overall humanitarian interventions will need to be ‘as local as possible, and as international as necessary' through enabling equal and impartial access to assistance and services and to maintain a continuous presence as close to the affected population being served.
In 2020, the COVID 19 pandemic and widespread sub national violence have created additional logistical challenges, further deteriorating people's access to services and hampering the ability of humanitarians to reach people in need.
Heavy downpour, beginning as early as April and continuing as late as December, leads to flooding and damages major supply routes. This has resulted in a shorter window for humanitarian agencies to preposition essential commodities ahead of the rainy season
Schools accessibility by all means  ( foot, motorbike, car ) : Under 10 minutes   59.10%, Between 10 30 minutes   21.8%, Over 30 minutes   19.20%.
Counties with the greatest need  ( of WASH )  include Canal, Pibor and Pochella in Jonglei, Terekeka and Juba in Central Equatoria, Ulang, Nasir, and Melut in Upper Nile.
Furthermore, following the World Health Organization's  ( WHO )  declaration of the COVID 19 pandemic in March 2020, humanitarian organizations scaled down their activities across South Sudan. While this was mainly because of the need to focus on the preparedness activities and to limit the risk of spreading the virus, it resulted in a decreased ability to preposition supplies in strategic locations during the dry season in 2020. This made the humanitarian community more reliant on costly air transport to reach vulnerable populations during the rainy season
Following the spread of COVID 19, the nationwide transport and border restrictions have affected both passenger and cargo movement  ( e.g., delays at borders due to additional cargo/driver screening, reduced commercial transport capacity due to lock downs in neighbouring countries ) . These restrictions impacted the availability of food, fuel, and other essential goods, and restricted movement of humanitarian personnel.
Low response rates to the flooding in 2020 and upcoming dry season are anticipated to further exacerbate WASH related morbidity and incidences of diarrhoeal diseases, particularly in young children.
In 34 counties, zero to 10 per cent of households reported using latrines. At the country level, open defecation is practiced by 73 per cent of the population. Regional access to sanitation varied greatly, from 75 per cent in Western Bahr el Ghazal to 8 per cent in Warrap, 9 per cent in Northern Bahr el Ghazal and 10 per cent in Jonglei.
Living standard and wellbeing of an estimated 5.6 million people will be negatively impacted by lack of or inadequate access to clean water and improved sanitation and hygiene practices in 2021.
Security in the transitioned sites is now implemented by the South Sudan National Police Service  ( SSNPS )  with capacity building support from United Nations Police  ( UNPOL ) . Further capacity building on protection and human rights is essential.
The POE TWG  ( Technical Working Group ) commenced a series of joint supportive supervision visits to POEs, including Renk and Abyei; the two new POE sites established by IOM. The purpose of the visits is to ensure that activities conducted at the POEs are in accordance with the recommendations and guidelines stipulated in the COVID 19 Standard Operating Procedures, to provide on site support to implementing teams, and to better understand the opportunities and challenges faced by the implementing teams.
Arrival and departure screening for COVID 19 was conducted, reaching a total of 11,597 travellers, as follows: 5,001 individuals screened at Juba International Airport, 3,431 individuals screened at Nimule Border Crossing, 1,158 individuals screened at Wau Airport, 2,007 individuals screened at Amiet  ( Abyei ) .
IOM continued COVID 19 screening and provided IPC/WASH support at five POEs, namely Juba International Airport, Wau Airport, Nimule Ground Crossing, Wunthou  ( Renk ) , and Amiet  ( Abyei ) . IPC/WASH support at the POEs include the supply of clean water through water trucking, rehabilitation and maintenance of sanitation facilities, construction and installation of handwashing facilities, and supply of IPC materials such as face masks, soap, and hand sanitizers. During the reporting period, no passengers arrived or were screened at the Wunthou  ( Renk )  POE due to a border closure
South Sudan continues to see a rise in the number of confirmed cases, with 2,933 confirmed cases, 2,673 recoveries, and 59 deaths, as of 1 November 2020.
During this period, the entire State will be classified in Emergency  ( IPC Phase 4 )  acute food insecurity, except for Pochalla County that will be classified in Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  acute food insecurity.
Food insecurity in Jonglei State and Pibor Administrative Area was driven by the effects of significant underlying vulnerabilities that have built up over time due to the protracted crisis and recurrent shocks.
region ) . The deteriorations in the first and second projection periods is driven by low crop production, seasonality, the economic crisis, and the impacts of COVID 19 that are expected to persist into next year.
15 November 2020   2 new cases confirmed out of the 65 tests conducted, bringing the total to 3,016 confirmed cases
Competition for local resources is often driven by organized politically motivated attempts to obtain resources in the form of sub national organized violence. This, in turn, is leading to increased rate of incidents of conflict related sexual violence, heightening children's vulnerabilities and protection risks linked to repeated displacements
South Sudan continues to see a rise in the number of confirmed cases, with 3,016 confirmed cases, 2,773 recoveries, and 59 deaths, as of 15 November 2020.
The Medical Advisory Panel  ( MAP )  shared a National COVID 19 Guideline for South Sudan on 13 October 2020, which will support the County Health Department  ( CHD )  and immigration on requirements for arrival, specifically with the opening of the Uganda South Sudan border, as advised by the National Steering Committee. The guideline is currently under review by the Ministry of Health  ( MOH ) , World Health Organization  ( WHO ) , Center for Disease Control  ( CDC ) , and the various TWGs.  ( 02   15 November 2020 )
With the projection of returns in a majority of the currently contaminated areas, the clearance of landmines and ERW is critical to ensure the release of land and other infrastructure for the host community members as well as in anticipation of returnees and IDPs.
Country wide restrictions to movement and trading has negatively impacted livelihood activities and resulting in reduced income for many households, leading to a failure to pay rent, which could lead to a rise in the number of evictions.
The POE TWG  (  ( Technical Working Group )  continued a series of joint supportive supervision visits to POEs, including Renk and Abyei, the two new POE sites established by IOM. The purpose of the visits is to ensure that activities conducted at the POEs comply with the recommendations and guidelines stipulated in the COVID 19 Standard Operating Procedures, provide on site support to implementing teams, and better understand the opportunities and challenges faced by the implementing teams.  ( 02   15 November 2020 )
IOM conducted a COVID 19 sensitization training for 40 border officials  ( 43 men, 6 women ) , including the MOH, immigration, customs, and police in Raja, Wau, and Aweil. The training covered COVID 19 preparedness for border management and protection.  ( 02   15 November 2020 )
5 deaths reported in 2019 and 2020.  ( HEPATITIS E IN BENTIU POC )
While nutrition was amongst the top seven most commonly cited priority needs for men or women across almost 2,000 assessed settlements in South Sudan in October 2020, it was recognized as the most pressing need for children in 13 per cent of assessed settlements, following education, health and food assistance
An estimated 2.7 million people, including 2.3 million children, are at risk of violence, exploitation, abuse, and neglect and in acute need of immediate child protection in 2021. Children continue to be disproportionately affected by crisis and exposed to multiple protection risks including recruitment by armed groups, psychosocial distress, family separation, violence and exploitation in 61 most affected counties.
In addition, the initiation of the National Response Plan has necessitated working closely with the existing Government led mechanisms, which are co led by the Government and international humanitarian community, in particular with a view toward ensuring the mainstreaming of protection.
Despite recent positive developments on the implementation of the Revitalised Agreement on the Resolution of the Conflict in the Republic of South Sudan  ( R ARCSS ) , violence and insecurity remain a persistent reality.
An estimated 4.77 million women, girls, men and boys will face protection risks and violations in 2021. In addition, 310,000 refugees and asylum seekers in South Sudan are in need of protection services.
Based on same season historical data of food security and nutrition monitoring system, SMART nutrition surveys and admission trends for 2020, it is estimated that 1,875,642 people will be in need of treatment for acute malnutrition in 2021. This includes 313,391 children suffering from severe acute malnutrition, 1,078,867 from moderate acute malnutrition, and 483,383 pregnant and lactating women from acute malnutrition.
Planned mass vaccination campaigns were disrupted by the COVID 19 containment measures in place, which worsened the vaccination coverage and related health risks.
In addition, some 21,000 out of 286,000 refugees in Maban, Pariang, Juba and Yambio counties are estimated to be malnourished in 2021, including 4,986 SAM children  ( 2,555 male and 2,431 female, 12,047 MAM children  ( 6,198 male and 5,849 female )  and 3,957 AM PLW.126 There is a slight increase from the 1.8 million people who needed treatment for acute malnutrition in 2020.
An estimated 1.9 million people are anticipated to suffer from acute malnutrition in 2021, including 313,391 children  ( 163,913 male and 149,476 female )  with severe acute malnutrition  ( SAM ) , 1,078,867 children  ( 562,697 male and 516,170 female )  with moderate acute malnutrition  ( MAM ) , and 483,383 pregnant and lactating women with acute malnutrition  ( AM PLW ) . In addition, some 21,000 out of 286,000 refugees in Maban, Pariang, Juba and Yambio counties are anticipated, and 483,383 pregnant and lactating women with acute malnutrition
Improvements are noted as progress has been made since 2010. Chronic levels of malnutrition including stunting prevalence among children under five has decreased from 31.1 per cent in 2010 to 15.6 per cent in 2019
Health facilities including community based healthcare systems to serve vulnerable people including women and girls, aged population and persons with a disability must be supported and strengthened.
The prevalence of GAM among children under five in South Sudan's refugee camps stood at 11.2 per cent, an increase from 6.8 per cent in 2018. This is below the critical emergency threshold of 15 per cent but categorized as high, indicating a poor nutrition situation. Stunting  ( 1 in 3 children stunted )  and anaemia  ( 1 in 2 children anaemic )  level remain high. These proportions indicate that refugee locations continue to face various shocks ranging from funding cuts, insecurity and environmental challenges, resulting in a nutrition situation requiring continuous attention.
Owing to resource constraints, since 2015, refugees have been receiving 70 per cent of the standard ration size. The food assistance gap translates into inadequate dietary intake for most refugees who have limited access to additional sources of food and livelihood opportunities.
Arrival and departure screening for COVID 19 was conducted, reaching a total of 27,712 travellers, as follows: 11,161 individuals screened at Juba International Airport, 7,305 individuals screened at Nimule Border Crossing, 2,605 individuals screened at Wau Airport, 88 individuals screened at Wunthou  ( Renk ) , 6,513 individuals screened at Amiet  ( Abyei )   ( 02   15 November 2020 )
South Sudan continues to see a rise in the number of confirmed cases, with 3,109 confirmed cases, 2,954 recoveries, and 61 deaths, as of 29 November 2020.
Conflict, economic and climatic factors have placed South Sudan one of four countries on the brink of famine, which disproportionately affects women and children.
In urban and peri urban areas, there has been an increase in the risk of evictions as a result of the COVID 19 pandemic.
Gender based violence is pervasive in South Sudan. As a result of structural gender inequality and unequal gender power relationships, with women and girls and especially those who are internally displaced or living near cantonment sites, or with a disability continue to suffer from GBV
IOM continued COVID 19 screening and provided IPC/WASH support at five PoEs, namely Juba International Airport, Wau Airport, Nimule Ground Crossing, Wunthou  ( Renk ) , and Amiet  ( Abyei ) . IPC/WASH support at the PoEs includes the supply of clean water through water trucking, rehabilitation and maintenance of sanitation facilities, construction and installation of handwashing facilities, and supply of IPC materials, such as face masks, soap, and hand sanitizers.  ( 30 November   13 December 2020 )
Out of all the counties in IPC AMN Phase 4  ( Critical ) , nearly 70% are in Greater Upper Nile followed by Greater Bahr el Ghazal  ( 18% ) . Counties in Upper Nile State  ( 29% ) , Jonglei State  ( 24% ) , Unity State  ( 16% ) , Eastern Equatoria State  ( 13% ) , Warrap State  ( 8% ) , Northern Bahr el Ghazal State  ( 5% )  and Lakes State  ( 5% )  are in IPC AMN Phase 4  ( Critical ) .
A total of 57 counties are projected to be in IPC AMN Phase 3  ( Serious )  and above, with 19 classified in IPC AMN Phase 3  ( Serious )  and 38 classified in IPC AMN Phase 4  ( Critical ) . Based on the historical data trends  ( GAM rates above 30 % were observed in Renk County in three consecutive years )  used in this analysis, and disruptions to basic health, nutrition and food security and livelihoods services, Renk County is projected to be in IPC AMN Phase 5  ( Extremely Critical ) .
About 80% of the counties in IPC AMN Phase 4  ( Critical )  are in the Greater Upper Nile State followed by 17% in Greater Bahr el Ghazal State. 25 counties mainly in Greater Equatoria are in IPC AMN Phase 2  ( Alert )  and below. Of the counties in IPC AMN Phase 4  ( Critical ) , nearly 80% are in Greater Upper Nile State followed by Greater Bahr el Ghazal State. Counties in Jonglei State  ( 31% ) , Upper Nile State  ( 31% ) , Unity State  ( 17% ) , and Warrap State  ( 10% )  and parts of Eastern Equatoria State  ( 3% ) , Northern Bahr el Ghazal State  ( 3% )  and Lakes State  ( 3% )  are in IPC AMN Phase 4  ( Critical ) .
In January, WFP assisted a total of 263,556  ( 97 percent of the targeted people )  people living in Priority One Counties  ( Pibor, Akobo, Tonj North, Tonj South, Tonj East and Aweil South ) , with over 7,800 mt of food and nutrition items.
During this period, Kajo Keji, Morobo and Terekeka counties are classified in Emergency  ( IPC Phase 4 )  acute food insecurity, whereas Juba, Lainya and Yei counties are classified in Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  acute food insecurity.
However, some mitigating factors include availability of green harvests in June/July, provided that the start of rainy season is timely in the bi modal areas, and there is improved security that will allow farming households to access far fields. Additionally, fish, wild foods, and livestock products are expected to become seasonally available because of the rainy season.
However, the second season's harvest and access to some wild foods are expected to improve food availability and access for many households. As a result, the food security situation is expected to improve during this period.
UNHAS performed three COVID 19 medical evacuations on behalf of two organisations from Maban and Rumbek to Juba. UNHAS transported 157 COVID 19 suspected samples from Yida, Tori, Rubkona, Mundri, Kuajok, Kapoeta and Agok to Juba. UNHAS supported two Inter Cluster Working Group  ( ICWG )  assessment missions with 16 passengers in three locations.
UNHAS transported 2,643 passengers and 106 mt of light humanitarian cargo to 54 destinations across South Sudan. UNHAS performed eight medical evacuations on behalf of seven organisations from Torit, Rumbek, Nyal, Maban, Pibor, Ganyiel and Ajuong Tok to Juba.
The Logistics Cluster facilitated the departure of two humanitarian convoys to Pibor and towards the Western Corridor, enabling the movement of over 1,200mt of NFIs across the country. The Logistics Cluster continues to advocate to partners on the importance of pre positioning ahead of the rainy season.
WFP has started rehabilitating the road between Bor and Baidit, and is mobilising communities and contractors to fix the broken dyke and road.
Fives barges with 6,200 are currently in transit to South Sudan, after securing export documents in Sudan. Of this, 2,000 mt is loaded in two barges travelling to Renk/Melut, whilst 4,200 mt is loaded in three barges, proceeding to Bor.
In March 2021, 28,259 new SCOPE registrations have been conducted, bringing the total SCOPE registrations to 3,474,117.
However, the ability to disseminate COVID 19 related hygiene promotion messages using customary practices is restricted due to the introduction of social distancing and home based care.
For the occasion of International Women's Day, WFP and its partner Women Advancement Organisations  ( WAO ) , distributed reusable menstrual pads to 100 secondary school girls in Juba. The distribution was part of a larger project through which WFP and WAO aim to support 4,300 girls with menstrual hygiene kits to ensure they are able to attend lessons and final exams, while providing an income generating opportunity for 100 female tailors who are producing the kits.
WFP SCOPE teams have been deployed to IPC 5 risk counties Maiwut, Pibor and Tonj South, to initiate Biometric Registrations. Additionally, a SCOPE team is deployed to Akobo East to train Cooperating Partners on SCOPE processes and provide support during distributions.
In Aweil South, the SCOPE registration of an additional 22,400 beneficiaries for the lean season scale up is ongoing.
Continued tensions and violence exacerbated by the political situation across South Sudan continues to impact WFP's activities and distributions. A flurry of political activities across the country in February and March, including the controversial appointment of the Governor of Upper Nile and the composition of the Transitional National Legislative Assembly, continues to spur outbreaks of conflict in numerous States, impeding on WFP's efforts to preposition commodities, and serve the most food insecure populations across South Sudan.
From December 2020 to March 2021, food security is expected to slightly improve in all counties of Greater Equatoria as households will increase reliance on own production following the harvest of the main season crops, improved access to fish and wild foods. Physical access to the market will also improve as the dry season starts.
In October to November 2020, 4 counties were classified in Emergency  ( IPC Phase 4 )  acute food insecurity, 17 counties were classified in Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  acute food insecurity, and 3 counties were classified in Stressed  ( IPC Phase 2 )  acute food insecurity.
In the second projection period of April to July 2021, an estimated 7.24 million people  ( 60% of the population )  are likely to face Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  or worse acute food insecurity, with 31,000 people likely to be in Catastrophe  ( IPC Phase 5 )  acute food insecurity in Akobo County  ( 11,000 )  in Jonglei State, Aweil South County  ( 7,000 )  in Northern Bahr el Ghazal State, and Tonj North County  ( 13,000 )  in Warrap State. During this period, an estimated 2.47 million are likely to be in Emergency  ( IPC Phase 4 )  acute food insecurity.
Child Protection Sub Cluster partners reached 285 individuals  ( 189 children and 96 adults )  with services, including 32 people  ( 8 girls, 16 boys, 6 women, and 2 men )  with capacity building on community based child protection in an emergency support in Pibor Payam.
In the first projection period of December 2020 to March 2021, an estimated 5.82 million people  ( 48.3% of the population )  will likely face Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  or worse acute food insecurity, with 11,000 people likely to be in Catastrophe  ( IPC Phase 5 )  acute food insecurity in Pibor County in Pibor Administrative Area. During this period, an estimated 1.79 million people are likely to face Emergency  ( IPC Phase 4 )  acute food insecurity.
In the current analysis period of October to November 2020, an estimated 6.35 million people  ( 52.6% of the population )  faced Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  or worse acute food insecurity, of which 2.102 million people faced Emergency  ( IPC Phase 4 )  acute food insecurity.
Arrival and departure screening for COVID 19 was conducted, reaching a total of 30,856 travellers, as follows: 11,552 individuals screened at Juba International Airport, 3,408 individuals screened at Wau Airport, 9,715 individuals screened at Nimule Border Crossing, 105 individuals screened at Wunthou  ( Renk ) , 6,076 individuals screened at Amiet  ( Abyei ) .  ( 14   27 December 2020 )
IOM continued COVID 19 screening and provided IPC/WASH support at five PoEs, namely Juba International Airport, Wau Airport, Nimule Ground Crossing, Wunthou  ( Renk ) , and Amiet  ( Abyei ) . IPC/WASH support at the PoEs includes the supply of clean water through water trucking, rehabilitation and maintenance of sanitation facilities, construction and installation of handwashing facilities, and supply of IPC materials, such as face masks, soap, and hand sanitizers.  ( 14   27 December 2020 )
Arrival and departure screening for COVID 19 was conducted, reaching a total of 19,036 travellers, as follows: 2,831 individuals screened at Juba International Airport, 2,705 individuals screened at Wau Airport, 12,108 individuals screened at Nimule Border Crossing, 1,392 individuals screened at Amiet  ( Abyei ) .
11 Jan 2021   8 new COVID 19 cases bringing the total to 3,670 confirmed cases.
IOM continued to support two health facilities nearest to the PoEs in Nimule and Renk with medical supplies, incentives, provision of training for health facility staff and risk communications.  ( 28 December 2020   10 January 2021 )
IOM continued COVID 19 screening and provided IPC/WASH support at five PoEs, namely Juba International Airport  ( JIA ) , Wau Airport, Nimule Ground Crossing, Wunthou  ( Renk ) , and Amiet  ( Abyei ) . IPC/WASH support at the PoEs includes the supply of clean water through water trucking, rehabilitation and maintenance of sanitation facilities, construction and installation of handwashing facilities, and supply of IPC materials, such as face masks, soap, and hand sanitizers.  (   ( 28 December 2020   10 January 2021 )
The ICCG  ( Inter Cluster Coordination Group )  continues to re prioritize activities, re programme and re allocate resources using other supply stocks to accommodate the increased people in need of humanitarian assistance across the six counties. The ICCG remains deeply concerned about the levels of funding, as without adequate resources, continued re programming and reprioritization of resources from other counties facing emergency levels of food insecurity to the six Priority 1 counties will likely cause a further deterioration in other extremely vulnerable food insecure areas.
The UN Central Emergency Response Fund  ( CERF )  allocated a further $10 million to enhance the scale up and meet the needs of the most vulnerable. A package of projects is under discussion with the CERF Secretariat. Sustaining the response through the lean season is vital.
The Logistics Cluster has deployed a coordinator on ground to work with partners on common storage in Pibor town. Roads into Pibor are now passable, including to Likuangole, and the delivery of urgent supplies and pre positioning efforts are being scaled up to maximize the current window ahead of April and May when the rains set in and road transport for trucks becomes impassable. The local community built a temporary bridge, and thus, Vertet in Pibor County is now accessible for specialized trucks but not normal commercial trucks for delivering supplies to the area.
Akobo County remains inaccessible for road transportation, even during the dry season, and supplies must be pre positioned via air. Construction works are ongoing from Bor ManyabolPajut Pathai Walgak  ( Akobo County ) , allowing for the pre positioning efforts ahead of the rainy season.
Insecurity in two payams in Tonj South, Manyang ngok and Wanhalel, limited the accessibility and pre positioning efforts for partners. In Wanhalel Payam, insecurity contributed to a reduction in people appearing to nutrition services. Longdistance travel to nutrition facilities has resulted in some targeted people defaulting or being absent from the programme.
GBV partners have launched a one stop centre in Kuajok State Hospital, supported by the Ministry of Health and Ministry of Gender, Child and Social Welfare to facilitate referrals. GBV partners provided comprehensive case management support to 21 individuals. A total of 1,500 dignity kits have been pre positioned in Tonj South for distribution by partners.
FSL cluster partner aim to reach 53,894 people  ( including 34,250 people with general food assistance and 19,644 people with food for assets ) . The next General Food Distribution is planned for 16 March. In addition, cluster partners reached 1,949 HHs with distribution of agricultural inputs, some 48,000 livestock were vaccinated and 3,780 livestock were treated.
Health Cluster partners provided 4,589 consultations in health facilities, of which 2,706 were curative. Health Cluster partners received 7 IEHK  ( Interagency Emergency Health Kit  )  kits and 15 pneumonia kits since the beginning of the response.
Based on the IPC projections for December to March 2021, an estimated 70,000 people faced crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  or higher levels of food insecurity  ( or 60 per cent of the population of Tonj South County )  with an estimated 12,000 people likely to face catastrophe levels of acute food insecurity  ( IPC Phase 5 )  in Tonj South County between December and March
Significant inter communal violence was reported in Manalor and Kriek payams, resulting in a reported 33 people killed and 800 cattle raided. Insecurity has affected the ability for partners to access facilities and monitor ongoing delivery. Supplies are running low in facilities across the county and there is a limited window before the rainy season period to ensure they are resupplied before physical access becomes a challenge.
The humanitarian response was enabled by generous donor contributions. The response plan was 65 per cent funded, with US$1.2 billion received toward the $1.9 billion appeal. This included $38 million allocated through the United Nations Central Emergency Response Fund  ( CERF )  and $62 million disbursed through the South Sudan Humanitarian Fund  ( SSHF )
All 14 health facilities are functioning in Tonj North, but with limited capacity and resources. Some 4,093 consultations were reported, of which 1,508 were curative. To date, since the start of the response 7 IEHK kits and 15 pneumonia kits have been distributed to partners. Additional supplies to run the hospital are transported from Juba, via Wau. Marial Lou Hospital provides monthly services to an average of 50,000 people living in Tonj North and Tonj East living in the catchment area.
FSL partners plan to reach 86,806 people with assistance  ( including 65,500 with food assistance and 21,306 with food for asset support )  in March. To date, cluster partners reached over 1,200 with livelihoods support and vaccinated 71,908 and treated 11,853 livestock. The cluster plans to vaccinate more than 490,000 livestock in Tonj North.
Pre positioning ahead of the rainy season is a critical challenge as most areas remain insecure or otherwise hard to reach. Partners are looked at the co location of storage of key items that can serve a catchment area during the rainy season ahead.
Medical supplies were highlighted by partners as key needs to ensure there are no disruptions in service delivery as all six payams remain inaccessible due to insecurity.
Nutrition: Funded:76%, Unmet: 24%
Nutrition: 1.3M People in need and 1.1M people reached
Funding for 2020 Humanitarian Response Plan: The funding required was $1.9B but only 41.2B was funded i.e. 65%.
The 2021 South Sudan Humanitarian Response Plan was launched on 16 March and called for US$1.7 billion to assist and protect 6.6 million in 2021. The plan includes an estimated $68.5 million to support the scale up of operations to meet the urgent needs of people in the six Priority 1 counties, as per the IPC projections. The South Sudan Humanitarian Fund  ( SSHF )  released $13 million to respond to people's immediate needs in the Priority 1 counties facing Catastrophic levels of food insecurity, representing 19 per cent of the scale up requirements
The Logistics Cluster's first convoy to Pibor departed on 12 March. Six trucks of 40 MT and five trucks of 20 MT delivered critical WASH and nutrition supplies.
OCTOBER 2020: Flood response  funding Central Emergency Response Fund  ( CERF )  and South Sudan Humanitarian Fund  ( SSHF )  released a total of $20 million to provide life saving assistance to 360,000 most vulnerable people affected by widespread flooding since July.
JULY 2020: Conflict displacement Humanitarian organizations responded to the needs of more than 100,000 people displaced by sub national violence in Jonglei and the Greater Pibor Administrative Area.
Women and people with disabilities disproportionately struggle to assert rights to housing and land.
Nutrition Cluster partners provided nutritional assistance for 317 under five children and 196 pregnant and lactating women through 12 static nutritional facilities and 3 stabilization centres in Tonj East. All nutrition facilities are static and functional, despite the challenging security situation.
Based on population dynamics, availability of partners and severity of needs Gedi and Gumaba areas of Bazia Payam were recommended for subsequent response missions.
CCCM cluster partners also carried out scoping missions in various locations where there are potential needs for a mobile response. ACTED carried out a scoping mission to Mingkaman in Lakes and Lobne Payam in Eastern Equatoria.
• Camp Management handed over an office space, including office supplies and stationery, within the Naivasha IDP site to RRC which will ensure their static presence in the site and attend to IDPs complaints and address their concerns
There is a need to ensure the continuity of critical child protection and GBV services across Akobo County.
Pre positioning of nutrition supplies to Akobo West needs to be scaled up to sustain services in hard to reach locations.
Previous flooding damaged facilities, resulting in structure and toilet collapse
During the month  ( February, 2021 ) , the Logistics Cluster coordinated three humanitarian road convoys, transporting life saving supplies from Juba to Kapoeta and along the Western Corridor. The Logistics Cluster continued to advocate for partners to preposition cargo in strategic locations along the corridor prior to the rainy season.
In collaboration with UNHAS, the Logistics Cluster facilitate two online Airfield Focal Point  ( AFP )  training live sessions. Following this 2 week learning programme 99 logistics staff from 40 partner organisations obtained the training competition certificate.
The Logistics Cluster published 11 information management products on the operational website. The most recent version of the Physical Access Constraints map, which is updated every week.
In February  ( 2021 ) , the Logistics Cluster facilitated the transport of 686 mt of humanitarian cargo to 51 destinations on behalf of 48 organisations, of which 50% was transported by river and road.
“Funding is urgently needed to provide life sustaining assistance including shelter, access to safe drinking water, education and health services.' [ said UNHCR's spokesperson, Babar Baloch ]
The majority of South Sudanese refugees are hosted in relatively remote and under developed areas. Mr. Baloch said that “the COVID 19 pandemic combined with the climate change related challenges including severe flooding, droughts and desert locust have compounded an already dire situation.  [ UNHCR's spokesperson, Babar Baloch ]
Protection partners who provided protection presence during food distributions shared feedback from people targeted with assistance, particularly from vulnerable groups, and highlighted their challenges in access to the distribution sites due to distance and security concerns. Others flagged the need for a rapid feedback mechanism for those who have lost their registration documents.
Partners provided livelihood assistance to more than 4,000 HHs, including the provision of seeds and agricultural inputs. More than 99,000 livestock were vaccinated and more than 63,000 treated, protecting these livelihoods for more than 3,700 HHs in Akobo County.
Advocate for funding and resources to urgently re establish health service provision across the county, including through mobile services in areas that are hard to reach in the rainy season.
The first standard allocation helped to kick start the implementation of priority activities under the 2020 Humanitarian Response Plan in the beginning of the year. Three reserve allocations provided rapid and timely support to a number of emergencies in 2020, from supporting the procurement of COVID 19 personal protective equipments in May and supporting flood response activities in October, to initiating the response scale up in the most food insecure areas in December.  ( South Sudan Humanitarian Fund 2020 )
People reached by sex : 22% men i.e 315k 32% women i.e 465k 22% boys that is 321k 24% girls that is 359k  ( South Sudan Humanitarian Fund 2020 )
2020 pooled fund allocations SSHF Standard Allocation 1   $34.7m SSHF Reserve Allocation 1   $5.0m SSHF Reserve Allocation 2   $9.7m SSHF Reserve Allocation 3   $ 13.0m Central Emergency Response fund   $ 31.5m  ( South Sudan Humanitarian Fund 2020 )
452k people receiving mobile health services  ( South Sudan Humanitarian Fund 2020 )
Currently, of those receiving food assistance from WFP, 18 per cent receive a 70 per cent ration  ( which includes the refugees and IDPs in the PoC sites ) ; 64 per cent receive a 50 per cent ration; and 18 per cent receive less than 50 per cent.
Children, people with disability, older persons and women headed households are identified as the most vulnerable in locations that receive blanket support by Food Security and Livelihood Cluster.
An estimated 7.7 million people are expected to experience acute food insecurity and worse  ( IPC 3, 4 and 5 )  in 2021 according to the latest IPC analysis published in December 2020. This includes 310,000 refugees and asylum seekers who need FSL support in 2021.
Food security and livelihoods were identified as the most needed forms of assistance for men in 16 per cent of assessed settlements in October 2020. Similarly, food assistance was recognized as the priority need for women, as reported in 23 per cent of assessed settlements, however, livelihoods was the fifth most commonly reported priority need for women. In the case of children, food assistance was the third most frequently identified pressing need  ( as reported in 14 per cent of assessed settlements ) , behind education and health
In the official IPC release, October to November 2020, Pibor and Tonj North have pockets of populations in Catastrophe  ( IPC Phase 5 )  acute food insecurity; the first projection December to March this will include Pibor county only; and by the second projection Akobo, Tonj North and Aweil South are anticipated to have pockets of population in catastrophe  ( IPC Phase 5 )
The counties of greatest food insecurity severity are found in locations where the compounded shocks are exceptionally amplified due to intensified sub national violence, two consecutive years of widespread flooding, indirect effects of COVID 19, and a protracted macro economic crisis resulting in record high food price spikes. These multiple shocks have severely impacted people's livelihoods and access to food from markets, livestock and farming.
The states with the highest number of counties in Emergency  ( IPC Phase 4 ) , projected at the peak of the 2021 lean season are Jonglei with 11 counties, Upper Nile with 10 counties, five each in Warrap, Unity and Lakes, four in Northern Bahr el Ghazal and three each in Eastern and Central Equatoria. Jonglei has the highest number of people estimated to be in Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  or above, with 1.7 million people  ( 85 per cent ) , followed by Upper Nile with 1.03 million people  ( 71 per cent ) .
According to the findings of an assessment on people's priority needs conducted in 2020, shelter and NFI was identified as the priority need by 14 per cent of women assessed settlements in the country, after food assistance, livelihoods and health. For men in assessed settlements, shelter and NFI was identified as the priority need by 12 per cent and for children, by only 4 per cent
Overall, although D 1 ‘s market and some areas close to the river banks remain at risk of getting overrun by the flooding in weeks or months ahead. D 2 has however got 3 good blocks that are either partially or fully taken over by floods. Most of the shelters  ( tukuls )  are in poor condition. Currently, the firewood and wood local communities co used to collect and use for cooking or sell in town to earn a living, is also restricted and the bushes are flooded when going there becomes possible. As a result, they have to go far distance to reach safer areas.  [ IRNA Report:  [ Melut IDP settlements, Upper Nile ] ,  [ 12 13 January 2021 ] |
The impact of COVID 19 and the prolonged closure of schools could lead the most at risk children into adopting negative coping strategies such as child labour or early marriage and prevent them from returning to schools once they reopen.
According to the assessment conducted by WVI, HDC, Internews, GOAL and RRC on January 06 2021, 2,097 HHs  ( 12,681 individuals )  have been affected by floods in D 1,2. During IOM DTM verification, it was possible to confirm around 2,000 individuals  ( 270 HHs )  who have been affected by floods in D 1,2, with the number of affected population increasing. Due to restrictions and tensions with host communities, IDPs displaced by floods settle in the neareast shelters in close proximity to water. After 1 week assessment conducted, more HHs have been displaced by floods since the water level is increasing.  [ IRNA Report:  [ Melut IDP settlements, Upper Nile ] ,  [ 12 13 January 2021 ] |
There is need to provide clean drinking water at the facility  [ IRNA Report:  [ Melut IDP settlements, Upper Nile ] ,  [ 12 13 January 2021 ] |
Lack of alternative shelter options have forced thousands of IDPs to occupy and use school buildings as a temporary shelter solution
One of the main reasons that children drop out from schools in South Sudan is the long distance they must travel. Some 16 per cent of households reported by key informants have a child or children engaged in child labour activities. Therefore, an inter sector effort is required to bring those children back to schools or provide them with alternative education options.
A functional and properly resourced school should have nutrition, protection, water and sanitation facilities to ensure a child can learn in a safe environment.
The slight improvement is because of households having access to their own crop harvests as well as livestock products such as milk.
Prioritize Individual Protection Assistance to PSNs  ( Persons with Specific Needs ) .  [ IRNA Report:  [ Melut IDP settlements, Upper Nile ] ,  [ 12 13 January 2021 ] |
Organization of a cleaning campaign on the 3 camps and creation of dumping pits.  [ IRNA Report:  [ Melut IDP settlements, Upper Nile ] ,  [ 12 13 January 2021 ] |
To keep hopes alive in the meantime, South Sudanese civil forces inside and outside the country could organise robust political discussions on options for power sharing and decentralisation outside the state arena. The country's external partners should be prepared to step in to financially support or help facilitate such talks.
South Sudanese will thus need to look for opportunities to push gradually toward a more inclusive future. While continuing to pursue all available options for reform, South Sudanese and their outside partners will need to stay ready for any future window of opportunity for South Sudan to repair its broken political system.
There is concern that access to land for agricultural activities could be a significant challenge, particularly for displaced people. This could serious repercussions on cultivation in the coming rainy season, and local food production, and food insecurity in the coming months.
South Sudanese could also entrench power sharing not just among parties, but also among regions and ethnic groups, at all levels of public life. Quotas by state or county or strong affirmative action programs could ensure diversity at all ranks in civilian and military public institutions, as grievance at real and perceived underrepresentation is a major driver of political discontent and unrest among certain communities.
Other African leaders and major donors, including the U.S. and the European Union, should encourage Intergovernmental Authority on Development  ( IGAD )  and South Sudan's leaders to seriously engage in forging such a settlement.
If a Kiir Machar election showdown does indeed take shape, regional leaders who serve as guarantors of the peace deal should try, by brokering pre election dialogue, to extract assurances for losing parties so as to lower the stakes.
If rushing elections risks unleashing more instability, external partners should support a delay in the polls to mitigate those political tensions. African leaders, donors and South Sudan's other bilateral partners should avoid sanctifying a possible sham election, should Kiir appear to be staging one, for instance by rushing to hold polls without adequate preparation. Such a vote would only further anger opposition actors and reignite ethnic animosity across the country.
Cirillo signed a January 2020 ceasefire, called the Rome Declaration and separate from the Kiir Machar deal, but heavy fighting began again in April, as large scale government offensives met with guerrilla warfare. After talks reconvened in October, the parties recommitted to a short term ceasefire as they deliberate over a ten point declaration of principles to frame their discussions.
National and local officials, together with local civil society actors including religious leaders, will need to keep pushing to resolve all these conflicts, supported by the UN peacekeeping mission.
But since many of them are now besieged by domestic problems, they may only rally to pressure Juba when they feel that the underlying Kiir Machar truce is under dire threat.37 Other actors, including South Sudanese civil society actors, the UN and the African Union, will need to redouble their own efforts as well as prod regional heads of state to remain engaged.
Yet even if the ceasefire continues to hold, the Kiir Machar relationship will be subject to centrifugal forces pulling the two of them apart. South Sudan will also likely see more raging local violence between ethnic groups and elite backed militias. It could even face fresh rebellions.
While the ceasefire has largely held, nearly all its provisions – including unification of forces into a single army, establishment of a new national assembly, creation of a transitional court of justice and economic reforms, to name but a few – remain unfulfilled.
Divisions persisted even after war ended. The 2005 peace deal between Sudan and the South, brokered by the Intergovernmental Authority on Development  ( IGAD )  regional bloc, set the South on course for its independence referendum.19 But many Nuer and other minority anti SPLM  ( Sudan People's Liberation Movement )  militias across the South remained outside the agreement. Some of them remained explicitly aligned with Khartoum.
The SPLM  ( Sudan People's Liberation Movement )  also broke up into multiple factions after Machar, then a top ethnic Nuer SPLM commander, challenged Garang's leadership in 1991, creating a split that led to years of ethnic wars, primarily involving Dinka and Nuer – a preview, in some ways, of South Sudan's civil war that began in 2013.
Amid Southern infighting, Nimeiri also declared that Islamic law would apply throughout Sudan.16 These moves led to widespread unrest and the creation of the Sudan People's Liberation Movement  ( SPLM ) , headed by John Garang, an ethnic Dinka, who led the South's second insurgency against Khartoum.
The plight of women was especially dire, with maternal health and female education scores among the worst in the world. Years after independence, a South Sudanese girl was still more likely to die in childbirth than to finish school, according to the UN.
Armed crime and cattle raids were reported in Lolith, Romich and Kacuat bomas and Ngabagok Payam. Insecurity and lack of access has affected resupply of facilities and pre positioning efforts in field locations that will soon be cut off ahead of the rainy season. Distribution activities continue to be impacted by insecurity, including for critical time sensitive agricultural inputs.
Based on the IPC projections for December to March 2021, an estimated 108,000 people faced crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  or higher levels of food insecurity  ( or 60 per cent of the population of Tonj East County )  with an estimated 9,000 people were likely to face catastrophe levels of acute food insecurity  ( IPC Phase 5 )  in Tonj East County between December and March
There is a lack of safe water at RRM nutrition sites including Alueel, Thuryeth and Mayomlach sites. People collecting water crowd at the hand pumps, which increases the risk of infection transmission for some pathogens such as COVID19. People must travel long distances from the Panthou PHCC Stabilization Center to collect clean water, adding to the difficulties for patient caretakers.