nlp-thedeep/humsetbias huggingface dataset:
Respuesta

Con el objetivo de mejorar las condiciones para el acceso y la permanencia de NNAs en las escuelas, durante el primer trimestre del año, se continuó la distribución de materiales educativos  ( kits que contienen recursos para el aprendizaje, la enseñanza y la recreación )  alcanzando un total de 118.087 NNAs  ( 60 por ciento niñas y 40 por ciento niños ) , espacialmente en Táchira y Miranda. Así mismo, se logró atender a 19.696 NNA  ( 65 por ciento niñas y 35 por ciento niños )  con el programa de alimentación escolar beneﬁciando mayoritariamente NNAs de Miranda y Bolívar.

4.844 NNAs fuera de la escuela participaron de iniciativas orientadas a la reinserción educativa  ( 54 por ciento niñas y 46 por ciento niños ) , concentrándo las acciones en Zulia. Además, 1.955 adolescentes y jóvenes  ( 58 por ciento niñas y 42 por ciento niños )  participaron de iniciativas orientadas a fomentar la nivelación educativa, las habilidades para la vida y la capacitación técnica, gran parte en Zulia.

Se realizaron campañas para fomentar la asistencia y permanencia escolar con impacto en 98.531 NNAs  ( 64 por ciento niñas y 26 por ciento niños )  y 26.567 personas participaron de actividades de promoción de higiene en instituciones educativas  ( 51 por ciento niñas y 49 por ciento niños )  en Bolívar, Zulia y Distrito Capital.

Se atendieron 69.6890 NNAs mediante la implementación de actividades de apoyo psicoeducativo  ( 67 por ciento niñas y 33 por ciento niños )  en los espacios educativos en Distrito capital, Miranda y Zulia.

Se capacitaron 15.833 docentes  ( 67 por ciento mujeres y 33 por ciento hombres )  en el uso didáctico de los kits educativos desde el enfoque de educación en emergencia en 5 estados: Bolívar, Distrito Capital, Miranda, Táchira y Zulia.
Necesidades Los socios del Clúster reportaron que niños, niñas y adolescentes  ( NNA )  de hogares vulnerables han vuelto a sufrir de desnutrición después de haber recibido tratamiento en ambulatorios o en los centros de atención que se han apoyados. Por lo que es necesaria una respuesta integral con actividades de nutrición y de seguridad alimentaria para evitar que la población recaiga en cuadros de desnutrición.
El ministro de salud de Venezuela, Carlos Alvarado, y el asesor en temas de salud de la Asamblea Nacional, Julio Castro, firmaron unacuerdoel 1 de junio de 2020 con el propósito de coordinar esfuerzos para obtener financiamiento internacional que fortalezca la capacidad de respuesta de Venezuela ante la pandemia. También solicitan el “apoyo técnico y administrativo de la OPS', una institución que forma parte de las Naciones Unidas.
Cada día que pasa con un sistema de salud colapsado, escasez de agua para los médicos que necesitan lavarse las manos, falta de datos epidemiológicos confiables y sin protección adecuada para los trabajadores de la salud, se pone en riesgo la vida de muchos venezolanos', expresó Kathleen Page, médica y académica de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Johns Hopkins y de los Centros de Salud Pública y Derechos Humanos y de Salud Humanitaria de la Universidad Johns Hopkins.
Al 5 de junio, en Venezuela había2.087 casos confirmadosde Covid 19 y 20 muertes. La cifra real es seguramente mucho mayor, debido a la escasa disponibilidad de pruebas confiables, la falta de transparencia y la persecución contra profesionales de la salud y periodistas que cuestionan la versión oficial. Como consecuencia del hacinamiento en zonas populares y cárceles, así como los problemas para acceder al agua en hospitales y hogares, es probable que el nuevo coronavirus se extienda con rapidez por el país. El éxodo masivo de venezolanos, así como la actual migración de venezolanos que ingresan y salen del país producto de la pandemia, agrava el riesgo de que el virus se extienda más allá de Venezuela.
Necesidades no cubiertas Es necesario poner en práctica servicios nutricionales para población con necesidades especiales en condición de discapacidad. Es preciso extender la cobertura en servicios nutricionales a niños y niñas mayores de 5 años y adolescentes. Si bien este grupo demográﬁco es parte del plan de respuesta 2020, la prestación de servicios a niños mayores de 5 años continúa siendo inferior en comparación con la población de menores de 5 años asistidos.
En uninforme divulgado el 26 de mayo, Human Rights Watch y expertos de los Centros de Salud Pública y Derechos Humanos y de Salud Humanitaria de la Universidad Johns Hopkins documentaron la absoluta falta de preparación del sistema de salud de Venezuela para la llegada de la pandemia de Covid 19, y que esto agudiza el riesgo para la salud de los venezolanos y podría contribuir a una propagación regional de la enfermedad.
Program area: Protection • 294 Adults and Church leaders have re  ceived training in humanitarian standards, MEAL, and cash and voucher assistance in order to better serve the communities they work with.
Program area: COVID 19 Response • WV Venezuela has been working closely with our local partners to provide food assistance through in  kind donations and cash transfers, and WASH assis  tance through filters and water storage containers to the most vulnerable communities. To date, we have provided 1,955 people with water, sanitation and hy  giene services.
As of the end of May, humanitarian partners had reached over 1 million people, 55 per cent of whom are women, as part of the multi sectoral COVID 19 response. In addition to health and WASH activities, this includes the continuation of other critical humanitarian programmes including nutrition, food security, education and protection.
Hasta el 28 de marzo, se reportaron 2.582 casos conﬁrmados de dengue con una tasa de incidencia de 7,97 por 100.000 personas. De los casos conﬁrmados, 120 fueron por laboratorio, 11 de estos casos se clasiﬁcaron como dengue grave y se reportaron 6 muertes durante este periodo de tiempo. Comparado con en el mismo periodo de 2019 se observa una disminución de 13 por ciento en el número de casos  ( 2.969 ) , 48 por ciento en los casos de dengue grave  ( 21 )  y del 25 por ciento en las defunciones  ( 8 ) . En este contexto, es necesario implementar medidas de preparación y respuesta intersectoriales; así como mantener las acciones sobre manejo de casos, diagnóstico de laboratorio, comunicación de riesgos y manejo integrado de vectores, al igual que reforzar las estrategias comunitarias orientadas a medidas de prevención y control.
WV Venezuela has already created a response team wi  thin Venezuela and developed operations in five geo  graphical areas thanks to the alliances that have been established with other faith based organizations. With help from our global support team, we conducted a multi sector assessment in five states, something that has not been achieved by any other NGO within Venezuela.
Program area: Cash Based Interventions • 800 families in Miranda, Distrito Capital, Carabobo, and Anzoátegui states have recei  ved cash transfers to help them cover their basic needs for food and medicine.
The United Nations and its partners continue working to reduce the spread of COVID 19 by providing health, water, sanitation and hygiene support, including on infection prevention control at prioritized hospitals, the provision of medical supplies, and COVID 19 awareness raising among communities. Social mobilization and risk communication has been an essential part of the COVID 19 response, with UN agencies and national and international NGOs complementing national efforts to develop messages, posters, videos and other communications materials aimed at raising awareness about COVID 19 among vulnerable people across the country.
Necesidades

La situación socio económica impacta negativamente sobre los sistemas y servicios de agua, saneamiento e higiene  ( ASH )    suministro de agua potable, tratamiento de aguas residuales, accesibilidad de artículos de higiene, manejo de desechos sólidos, sistemas de drenaje y control de vectores – e impacta negativamente sobre la resiliencia, incrementando las vulnerabilidades de la población.
Necesidades no cubiertas Se requiere fortalecer la capacidad de respuesta del Clúster y movilizar más recursos para responder a la escala de las necesidades. Es necesario apoyar la producción de alimentos entre los agricultores del país para compensar los déﬁcits alimentarios y evitar un mayor deterioro de la seguridad alimentaria. Es necesario distribuir semillas de arroz y maíz de alto rendimiento y maduración temprana, así como semillas de hortalizas antes de la temporada de siembra principal, apuntando a los hogares agrícolas más vulnerables en los estados de Lara, Trujillo, Portuguesa y Mérida. Se requiere establecer granjas escolares en áreas urbanas, periurbanas y rurales, enfocándose en la producción de hortalizas de ciclo corto, cereales y jardinería doméstica. Implementar modalidades de asistencia de transferencias en efectivo para apoyar la producción de semillas y los mercados locales de semillas antes de la temporada de siembra. Continuar apoyando a los migrantes venezolanos y las comunidades de acogida dentro del país, así como en las zonas rurales limítrofes de los países vecinos, impulsando la producción local de alimentos y aumentando las oportunidades de ingresos.
Necesidades no cubiertas Brindar servicios de protección a personas con discapacidad en riesgo sigue siendo una prioridad para el Clúster de Protección. En este sentido, el Clúster de Protección planea realizar un estudio sobre las barreras que enfrentan las personas con discapacidad para acceder a los servicios de protección. El objetivo de este estudio es formular recomendaciones y lineamientos o guías que permitirán mejorar la inclusión de estas personas en las respuestas de los actores humanitarios en Venezuela. Fortalecer los programas de capacitaciones de todos los actores humanitarios, incluida la institucionalidad en materia de VbG para garantizar una respuesta articulada de calidad, de cara a garantizar el acceso a servicios de calidad para la respuesta a la VbG para sobrevivientes. Continuar con la abogacía para la movilización de recursos para los actores humanitarios involucrados en la respuesta a la VbG.
Respuesta   Durante el primer trimestre del año, 258.000 personas vulnerables se han beneﬁciado de alguna actividad del clúster, incluyendo 19 organizaciones en 22 estados, 62 municipios y 83 parroquias, la mayoría concentradas en Bolívar  ( 92.000 personas )  y Táchira  ( 85.600 personas ) .   En el mismo período, 61.000 personas han recibido agua potable, 45.000 personas se beneﬁciaron de intervenciones para mejorar el saneamiento, 40.500 personas de productos y/o información de higiene y 3.000 personas de actividades orientadas a mejorar la gestión de desechos sólidos.   Veintiún establecimientos de salud que beneﬁcian a 29.000 personas recibieron servicios ASH. Las actividades se concentraron en el abastecimiento de agua y promoción de higiene. Se han creado equipos de operación y mantenimiento en dos establecimientos incluyendo la capacitación de 92 personas.   Sesenta y seis centros educativos que beneﬁcian a 49.000 personas recibieron servicios ASH, principalmente en suministro de agua por camión cisterna e intervenciones para garantizar agua potable y saneamiento sanitario, mediante rehabilitación de baños y distribución de artículos de higiene. Se han formado comités de operación y mantenimiento en 9 centros con la capacitación de 900 personas.
Necesidades no cubiertas La falta de ﬁnanciación y la capacidad operativa y técnica de la mayoría de los socios del Clúster ha sido limitada, restringiendo las áreas y estados de intervención donde se están implementando actividades relacionadas con el Plan de Respuesta Humanitaria. Esto puede conducir a una brecha importante en la capacidad de ﬁnanciación entre los actores nacionales e internacionales para la ejecución de actividades. Debido a una falta signiﬁcativa de datos multisectoriales representativos a nivel de país, no hay análisis de tendencias de variación de necesidades humanitarias entre los estados, zonas rurales y urbanas. Una creciente aﬂuencia de retornados venezolanos esperada durante 2020 puede conducir a una escalada de necesidades humanitaria que no se ha tomado en consideración durante los tres primeros meses del año.
El acuerdo no indica detalles de cómo se implementará ni cómo se controlará la distribución de asistencia. Dado que la OPS y otros organismos de la ONU con presencia en Venezuela no tendrán posibilidad de realizar un seguimiento exhaustivo de la implementación del acuerdo en el extenso territorio de Venezuela, el gobierno debe permitir que los organismos de la ONU y las organizaciones no gubernamentales internacionales y locales pueden monitorear su implementación sin obstáculos.
“Four of the migrants were in critical health condition and were transferred to a clinic,' IOM said. IOM estimated that more than 5,700 illegal immigrants have been rescued and returned to Libya by the Libyan Coast Guard so far this year, while 9,225 illegal immigrants were rescued and returned to Libya in 2019
Vandalism and sabotage:
The MMR reported that during this week alone, 3 wells were attacked and vandalized, bringing the number of wells that were vandalized during this and last month to 23 wells, while 17 wells were maintained in the same period.
More than 330 migrants rescued by Italian coast guard and other European vessels have already disembarked at Sicilian ports, Italian media reported  [ AFP ] The International Organization for Migration  ( IOM )  on Wednesday said that 18 illegal immigrants have been rescued off the Libyan coast, while seven others died at sea.“Today, 18 migrants were returned to Tripoli, Libya by the coast guard … seven people lost their lives during the week they spent floating at sea,' IOM tweeted.
Since the outbreak of military hostilities in and around Tripoli on 4 April 2019, the already dire humanitarian situation in Libya further deteriorated at alarming rates, affecting the living conditions of hundreds of thousands of civilians. With the aim to respond to the mounting humanitarian needs, the 2020 Humanitarian Response Plan was launched today in Tripoli, Benghazi and Sebha. A total of US$115 million is being sought to provide support to those in need, particularly the 345,000 of the most vulnerable people in Libya.
According to the UN, airstrikes were the leading cause of civilian casualties as a result of the fighting in western Libya, accounting for 182 out of 284 documented civilian deaths in 2019, between April and December. The UN also said that at least 150,000 people have been internally displaced because of the conflict and that 220 schools have been shuttered, affecting the schooling of at least 116.000 children.
Since the last update of IOM Libya's Displacement Tracking Matrix  ( DTM )  on 31 January 2019, the security situation in Abu Qurayn and surrounding areas reportedly remained tense. DTM identified an additional 153 internally displaced families  ( approximately 765 individuals ) , bringing the total number of internally displaced persons from Abu Qurayn and Sirt to at least 558 families  ( approximately 2,790 individuals )  who have been forced to leave their homes due to armed conflict since the last week of January.
DTM conducted a quick assessment of new IDPs in Misrata on 05 February in support of humanitarian partners, surveying 60 newly displaced families. The majority of displaced families  ( 79% )  reported to be staying in rented accommodation, while 21% are staying with host families.
Apart from protection of civilians, the main reported humanitarian needs are related to shelter  ( 86% of respondents ) , food  ( 55% ) , non food items ( 55% )  and health  ( 29% ) . Most frequently cited NFI needs are blankets  ( 55% ) , clothing  ( 38% )  and matresses  ( 36% ) .
As of 13 February, 1,133 refugees and migrants have been registered as rescued/intercepted at sea by the Libyan Coast Guard and disembarked in Libya.
UNHCR recently registered over 440 refugees and asylum seekers at its Sarraj registration office
Alkhums Little information was provided on the market impact of COVID 19 crisis in Alkhums. However, the KI noted shortages of products containing medical alcohol.
Meanwhile, Haftar's forces targeted Friday afternoon Abu Salim neighborhood with a number of Grad rockets, causing massive material damage, in addition to targeting the vicinity of Mitiga Airport and Shurfet Al Mallah, causing a wave of displacement.
It indicated that they have registered 2696 asylum seekers in Libya since the start of this year.
Azzintan Covid 19 induced price hikes reportedly occurred for food  ( 50% )  and hygiene products  ( 30 50% ) . For latex gloves, prices rose by 300%. Masks reportedly rose in price by 480%. The KI in Azzintan stated that there were shortages of couscous, eggs and chicken.
Libya's health system suffers from severe shortages of staff, a poorly functioning medical supply chain and very weak disease surveillance and health information systems. The lack of detailed data on the main causes of mortality and morbidity has hampered efforts to analyse needs and deliver a targeted response.
As of 6 February, 1,040 refugees and migrants have been registered as rescued/intercepted at sea by the Libyan Coast Guard and disembarked in Libya.
Of those who were disembarked last month, and who were able to be identified, 70 per cent are male, 18 per cent are female, while 12 per cent can be classed as children.
There is a need for increased, comprehensive and state led search and rescue capacity.
The attacks, according to Libya's Health Ministry, badly damaged the 400 bed facility, thus keeping it in operation was difficult. The hospital resumed work Saturday after shutting down for two days due to the rocket attacks by Haftar's forces.
Ghadamis, Sabratha, Bani Waleed, Tripoli, Surman, Azzintan, Swani Bin Adam, Alkhums, Garabolli, Ghiryan, Hai Alandalus, Janzour, Sirt Migrants were reported to be present at street side work recruitment points in all these municipalities, except for Ghadamis, while their overall numbers were reported to have decreased in comparison to the previous months indicating that restrictions on mobility may have impacted their ability to seek livelihood opportunities.
Approximately one ffth of Libyan hospitals and PHC facilities1 are closed. There are acute shortages of medical specialists, midwives and nurses and huge gaps in coverage due to the uneven distribution of general internists, most of whom are working in urban areas. In many remote and hard to reach locations, poor and vulnerable communities have very limited access to health care.
In areas affected by confict, health care facilities were overwhelmed with patients. Around 22% of Libyans and 18% of migrants and refugees faced diffculties accessing health care services2 . The most severe health needs were in districts affected by violence  ( e.g., Murzuq, Sirt and Tripoli )  or that were hosting large numbers of IDPs  ( e.g., Benghazi, Ejdabia and Sebha ) .
14,859 conflict affected individuals including displaced, refugees, migrants and returnees  ( 7,634 children – 4,088 boys and 3,546 girls   and 7,225 adults – 4,637 men and 2,588 women )  received community and school based Explosive Ordnance Risk Education, aimed at mitigating the likelihood of Mine and Explosive Remnants of War related incidents.
Ghyrian The KI in Ghiryan reported that couscous and eggs were scarce, and most staple food items experience price spikes of at least 50%. Price increases were most notable for latex gloves and masks, with price spikes between 300% and 500%.
UNSMIL and the two parties prepared a draft ceasefire agreement to facilitate the safe return of civilians to their areas with the implementation of a joint monitoring mechanism under the auspices of UNSMIL and the JMC.
Today the Foreign Ministers of Algeria, China, Egypt, France, Germany, Italy, Russia, Turkey, Tunisia, the Republic of the Congo, the United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom and the United States of America as well as high ranking representatives of the United Nations, the African Union, the European Union and the League of Arab States met in Munich to follow up on the Berlin Conference on Libya on 19 January 2020.
Late Saturday night, February 29, a fire broke out in Libya's Dhar el Jebel detention center, killing a 26 year old Eritrean man and traumatizing refugees and asylum seekers who witnessed the event. The fire destroyed one building holding 50 people, and partially damaged a second one. A similar incident occurred in December 2019, with no reported casualties.
Existing pressure on shelter options could increase even further should the conflict re escalate. An estimated 749,000 people remain in frontline areas or in areas affected by conflict in Tripoli and may come under pressure to leave their homes and seek shelter in safer locations.
The protracted nature of the conflict has severely impacted people's wellbeing and livelihoods. Conflict and insecurity remain the main drivers behind population movements, with escalations in fighting leading to several waves of displacement in 2019. As of 1 December 2019, there are more than 343,000 people displaced in Libya, nearly doubling in 2019. New displacements were primarily due to the conflict in southern Tripoli that has displaced 149,000 people since April 2019, clashes in Murzuq in August 2018 that displaced more than 28,000 people, as well as localized and temporary displacement following floods in Ghat in June 2019¹
Conflict has resulted in severe damage to housing and civilian infrastructures across the country, impacting living conditions. The destruction and damage of housing, coupled with increased demand due to IDP arrivals, has led to shortages in adequate shelter options in many locations, and associated increases in rental costs. Vulnerable families face difficulties in securing affordable housing as a result; many are at risk of eviction. IDPs are most likely to live in substandard shelter and have informal rental contracts¹6. Around 4,000 IDPs in informal settings are assessed as being among the most vulnerable and in need of shelter.
Despite the persistent drivers of displacement, many Libyans are returning to their places of origin. In 2019, 447,000 people have returned, with Benghazi  ( 42 per cent )  and Sirte  ( 17 per cent )  receiving the highest numbers of returns¹7. Some families will need humanitarian support to facilitate safe and voluntary return, including shelter assistance, mine action response, access to functional basic services and essential household necessities including food and safe drinking water.
While the overall cost of essential goods has decreased, prices remain higher in the south than in other areas of the country18. Around 40 per cent of households surveyed reported facing challenges in obtaining enough cash to meet their needs¹9. Although an improvement from 2018²0, many households continue to resort to negative coping mechanisms, such as borrowing money, taking additional jobs, and reducing expenditure on essential non food items and services, such as in health and education.
The trend of decreasing food prices has improved the food security situation in the country. However, many still face challenges accessing sufficient food, particularly IDPs. While 20 per cent of households remain engaged in the agriculture sector, and 2019 saw fewer households abandoning crop and livestock production due to conflict, reports of households abandoning crop and livestock production occurred particularly in Murzuq and Sebha. Furthermore, around 75 per cent of households reported challenges in being able to afford and access land, fertilizers and other supplies necessary for production.
As a consequence of conflict, displacement and limited institutional reach, many households have lost or been unable to obtain important legal documents. This impacts their access to essential services, such as government assistance, health and education, and their freedom of movement. Migrants and refugees face significantly more movement restrictions than other groups, due to insecurity and fear of arrest.
Libya has remained both a destination for migrants and a major transit country for migrants and refugees attempting to cross the Mediterranean to Europe. In 2019, there are more than 636,000 migrants and refugees are in Libya, compared to 669,000 in 2018²³. Migrants and refugees continue to be at risk of unlawful killings, torture, arbitrary detention and unlawful deprivation of liberty, rape and other forms of SGBV, slavery and forced labour, extortion and exploitation. Furthermore, these groups face more challenges than Libyans in accessing basic services.
Of particular concern are the more than 3,200 migrants estimated to be in detention centers, where conditions are characterised by severe overcrowding, insufficient access to sanitation facilities, food, or clean water, and where there are wide spread reports of human rights violations.
Public services have significantly deteriorated in Libya as a result of the crisis. Challenges in the central government's ability to perform core government functions, such as public revenue, expenditure management, and oversight of public administration, have undermined local governance structures and resulted in a significant deterioration of service provision. Furthermore, insecurity and conflict, including direct attacks on public infrastructure, mean many public services have been abandoned or remain non functional.
Despite calls for action, migrants continue to be returned to arbitrary detention. Many over the past few months, have been reported missing, and others are detained in inhumane conditions. Reports also suggest that thousands of others are detained by smugglers and traffickers.
Approximately 280 migrants who were intercepted today and returned to Libya, remain on the overcrowded coast guard vessel, as Libyan authorities refuse to let them disembark. Relevant officials have indicated that due to the intensity in shelling, some of which previously targeted the Tripoli main port, Libya is not considered a safe port. This comes at a time when Italy has declared its ports unsafe due to the COVID 19 pandemic.
Explosives accounted for most of the 900 civilian deaths and casualties in Libya in 2019, according to the advocacy group Action on Armed Violence.
Overall, 24 per cent of Libyans reported challenges in accessing healthcare. For Libyans, this was highest among IDPs at 29 per cent  ( compared to 25 per cent of non displaced and 19 per cent of returnees )  but is a far greater challenge for migrants and refugees, with 80 per cent reporting such difficulties. More than 22 per cent of public health care facilities are closed. In open facilities there are a lack of medicines, equipment and staff to provide critical services.
About 200,000 children have been deprived of education in Libya because of the war, and their right to live a normal life appears to grow bleaker by the day, the Organization for World Peace has said.
"Attempts to discover and prosecute child recruitment have been severely hindered by a lack of reliable information on the issue. This has largely been down to the limitations placed upon NGOs and monitoring personnel," the Organization for World Peace explained.
Following reports of increased shelling and artillery fire in Western Libya over the past weeks, various areas of Abusliem municipality were directly affected by multiple airstrikes on 06 07 April 2020. According to field observers, at least 745 families  ( approximately 3,725 individuals )  were forced to displace from conflict affected areas of Abusliem municipality, and from the neighborhoods of Salah Eddin and Al Hadba due to the deteriorating security situation.
The state run National Oil Corporation  ( NOC )  said on Thursday crude output had dropped to 163,684 barrels per day  ( bpd ) .
Most IDP families are reportedly staying with host families and in rented accommodations. Humanitarian priority needs in displacement locations include food and non food items, followed by WASH and health assistance.
Furthermore, continued fighting has restricted the movements of health workers and of people seeking medical assistance and there are not enough mobile medical teams to meet needs. In 2019, many trauma patients did not receive timely medical assistance due to lack of ambulances and disrupted emergency referral system. Many of these patients may suffer lifelong disabilities, which is exacerbated by a severe shortage of physical rehabilitation services and limited information on those services that remain available.
School enrollment and attendance among school aged children remain high at around 97 per cent in 2018 19, according to a recent survey. However, 35 per cent of enrolled children faced challenges to consistent attendance, including lack of functioning toilets, lack of clean water, poor quality of teachers, overcrowding and violence. Parents struggle to take children to school out of concern for their safety and security. Refugee and migrant children continue to face discrimination in accessing education.
Similar to the previous round of data collection, 80% of the key informants reported that prices of food and non food items were higher than they were earlier in April. However, the assessment period overlapped with the Muslim month of Ramadan, and therefore price hikes should not only be attributed to COVID 19 induced changes in the consumption patterns as Ramadan could also have independently affected the consumer markets in Libya.
As of December 2019, at least 37 schools have been destroyed and 182 partially damaged across the country. Displacement has added pressure, increasing the number of students in areas of displacement, and requiring around 22 schools are temporarily closed and function as shelters for IDPs³¹. A teachers' strike in October 2019, saw 85 per cent of schools remaining closed for many weeks into the school year, affecting an estimated 800,000 students across the country.
The protracted conflict has also caused a severe decline in water and sanitation services and facilities. Water in Libya is supplied through the Man Made River Project  ( 60 per cent ) , municipal well fields  ( 30 per cent ) , and desalination plants  ( 10 per cent ) . However, armed group attacks, vandalism and the lack of maintenance have disabled nearly one third of aquifer pumps that supply 60 per cent of Libya's fresh water, placing additional pressure on the aging and energy intensive desalination plants in the north. This has resulted in limited access to safe water, as well as electricity blackouts³². As a result, 36 per cent of households report limited access to sufficient water. Many households use water filters to improve the water quality; a 27 per cent increase since 2018.
Access to basic hygiene and sanitation services also remains a challenge, particularly for displaced and conflict affected communities. The deterioration of public administration has meant garbage and solid waste collection is limited, with 49 per cent of garbage being buried or left on the street, raising the risks of contamination and disease.
In addition to conflict and insecurity impacting on the ability of Libyans, migrants and refugees being able to move freely and access basic services, humanitarian organizations operating in Libya have faced different layers of access challenges and constraints. The escalation of the conflict and increase in the geographic divide has resulted in an unpredictable environment. Civilians and responders remain at significant risk in a context of apparent disregard for international humanitarian law by parties to the conflict.
In the latter half of 2019, humanitarian access into Libya was restricted by insecurity in and around Mitiga and Zuwara airports. Although both airports are civilian in nature, they are both adjacent to military facilities and have been directly hit multiple times in 2019. Mitiga airport, the only remaining international airport in Tripoli since 2014, was closed between September and December.
Misrata airport sustained several direct hits, the latest on 13 December 2019. Furthermore, from 24 October to 7 November, the Ras Ijder border crossing between Tunisia and Libya was closed. This not only impacts on Libyan's ability to leave the country, including for those seeking medical treatment, but it further restricts movement of humanitarian workers and supplies into affected areas.
The persistent political, governance and security crisis, coupled with escalations in fighting, particularly since April 2019, continues to impact the physical and mental well being of Libyans, migrants and refugees, while exposing them to significant protection risks. Governance structures remain very limited, causing public services to further deteriorate. The situation has exacerbated vulnerabilities and diminished people's coping capacities. As a result, 893,000 people in Libya are assessed as in need of humanitarian assistance in 2020. This includes 216,000 IDPs, 74,000 returnees, 278,000 non displaced conflict affected Libyans, 276,000 migrants and 48,000 refugees.
Of the more than 343,000 IDPs in Libya, 94 per cent cite insecurity as the main reason for their displacement. However, other IDPs reported moving due to a deterioration in the economic situation35. Of those displaced, more than half are women and girls. Benghazi remains the municipality with the highest number of IDPs, as well as the highest number of returns, reflecting a relative improvement in the security situation in recent years. Sebha, on the other hand, which has the second highest number of IDPs has only seen minimal returns.
Among the IDP households, there are many families are unable to return to their places of origin due to resistance from authorities and neighbouring communities. This includes the 40,000 Tawerghans, as well as households from Benghazi, Derna and Sirt. These people face many protection challenges during displacement including denial of access to basic services, harassment, detention, loss or lack of civil documentation, evictions and limited access to cash.
On 4 June 2020   Two doctors of the FMSC  ( Field Medicine Support Center )  were killed after UXB/ERW exploded while both were on their duty evacuating injured patient ( s )  in Ain Zara area. On 6 June 2020   An ambulance point affiliated to the Field Medicine and Support Center  ( FMSC )  was hit in the Abu Qurayn area, near Sirte. No injuries were reported. The facility incurred significant damage, including ambulance vehicle.
DTM identified at least 4,790 families  ( approximately 23,950 individuals )  who have been forced to leave their homes since 04 June from Tarhouna and Sirte to the east of the country. Funding gap: 8.9 million USD  ( 60% ) , of which 5.7 million USD  ( 64% )  by UN agencies and 3.2 million USD  ( 36% ) .
The Central Blood Bank and Tripoli University Hospital began to work on plazma. • Despite the assistance delivered to Sabha from Tripoli, there are reports on shortage of laboratory tests in Sabha considering the increasing number of confirmed cases and need to test more people.
More than 654,000 migrants and refugees are currently in Libya and remain at risk of unlawful killings, torture, arbitrary detention and unlawful deprivation of liberty, rape and other forms of sexual and gender based violence, slavery and forced labour, extortion and exploitation. Of particular concern are the more than 1,800 migrants and refugees held in the state run detention centers, where conditions are characterised by severe overcrowding, insufficient access to sanitation facilities, food, or clean water, and where there are wide spread reports of human rights violations. On 29 February, a fire that broke out in Libya's Dhar el Jebel Detention Center in Zintan killed a 26 year old Eritrean man and destroyed a building that was holding another 50 migrants
Migrants and refugees are considered among the most vulnerable groups in Libya. However, there are varying degrees of vulnerability based on their irregular status, nationality, exposure to risks, and socioeconomic situation in Libya. Migrants and refugees from East Africa faced higher insecurity, movement restrictions, mostly due to fear of arrest, and food insecurity than migrants and refugees from other regions. Recent arrivals less than six months in the country report facing more challenges in terms of living standards than those that had been in Libya longer.
Nalut The KI reported shortages of couscous, rice, hand sanitizer, masks, latex gloves, and any hygiene product containing alcohol. Sharp price increases have also occurred for these products. Price increases ranged from 50% for food products, 60% for standard hygiene items, 350% for latex
The severity of the impact of COVID 19 on Libya will be heavily influenced by progress  ( or lack of progress )  dealing with the political crisis. The failure of political rivals to reach a sustained peace agreement has taken a heavy toll on the economy, which the pandemic is exacerbating. The rival governments in the east and west have introduced separate measures to combat COVID 19
The municipality of Swani Bin Adam hosts over 3,000 IDPs, and was directly affected by the armed conflict in western Libya till the end of May, where a change of control over territory was separately observed
In Alkufra, the KI reported shortages in milk and vegetable oil, as well as gloves and face masks. Price spikes of around 50% were common for most food items.
In the municipalities of Ghadamis, and Swani Bin Adam IDPs were reported to further face challenges in arriving to these areas from the nearby conflict affected locations due to COVID 19 related restrictions on freedom of movement during the month of May.
Although the majority of the over 21,000 migrants interviewed through DTM's Flow Monitoring Surveys  ( FMS )  in 2019 reported being employed  ( 79% ) , substantial humanitarian needs and vulnerabilities were identified among unemployed migrants, recentarrivals and female migrants, while limited access to essential public services was reported as cross cutting issue affecting the majority of Libya's migrant population
When MSF staff first visited Dhar el Jebel detention center in May 2019, the conditions were catastrophic including people suffering from a tuberculosis outbreak that had been raging for months. At least 22 migrants and refugees died from tuberculosis and other diseases between September 2018 and May 2019 in the area. People in Dhar el Jebel detention center live in inhumane conditions with almost no assistance.
Detainees have told MSF teams of the horrors they experience on their way to Libya and in Libya. Some were kidnapped and tortured by human traffickers who extorted money from them and their relatives. Some attempted to cross the Mediterranean Sea to reach safety in Europe but were intercepted by the European Union supported Libyan coastguard and thrown back into detention.
WHO's rapid assessment of Libya's detection and response capacities for COVID 19 has identified several weaknesses. The health information system is functioning poorly and only a limited number of health care facilities are reporting to the disease Early Warning and Response Network  ( EWARN ) . Contact tracing capacity is extremely weak. Although Libya is able to perform basic influenza tests on clinical specimens, it has limited capacity to test for COVID 19. In many hospitals, isolation units are either nonexistent or inadequate.
Tajoura, Zwara, Suq Aljumaa, Misrata, Ain Zara, Zliten, Nalut Furthermore, in all these municipalities a reduction in the number of jobs available for migrants dependent on daily wages was reported due to slowdown in economic activities. Overall, residents of these municipalities, including IDPs, were also reported to be negatively affected as they were unable to go to work especially when commuting to neighboring municipalities on a daily basis.
At least 2,000 migrants and refugees are still locked up indefinitely in Libya and denied due legal process to review their asylum claims.
he UN backed government on Friday extended the curfew for 10 more days starting from Saturday, which begins from 8 p.m.  ( 1800 GMT )  to 6 a.m.  ( 0400 GMT )  of the following day.
On 16 February, OCHA Libya launched this year's Humanitarian Response Plan  ( HRP ) – with humanitarian organizations seeking US$115 million to assist 345,000 people most severely in need. This is out of a total of 893,000 Libyans and non Libyans who are estimated to be in need of some form of humanitarian assistance in 2020, based on the analysis of needs outlined in the Humanitarian Needs Overview  ( HNO ) . This includes internally displaced persons  ( IDPs ) , returned and vulnerable, conflict affected Libyans, as well as refugees and migrants. Of those in need, 34 per cent are women and 30 per are children.
In order to understand the main impacts of the continuing conflict on the agricultural sector, and its impact on people's access to food and livelihoods, WFP Libya conducted a needs assessment, from December 2019 to February 2020, on agriculture and livelihoods in the Fezzan. The southern Fezzan region in Libya remains extremely important for the country's agricultural production. Due to its geographical position, the region also hosts many migrants and IDPs, many of whom are employed in the sector.
As outlined in the HNO 2020, insecurity and conflict continues to drive displacement, with the number of IDPs nearly doubling in 2019. Many Libyans remain at risk of violence, indiscriminate attacks and exposure to explosive remnants of war. Migrants and refugees are some of the most vulnerable groups, and continue to be at risk of killings, torture, arbitrary detention and unlawful deprivation of liberty, rape and other forms of sexual and gender based violence  ( SGBV ) , slavery and forced labour, extortion and exploitation. Of particular concern are those held in detention centres, where there are conditions of severe overcrowding and with insufficient access to food, clean water and sanitation.
According to the KI, Tobruk has not yet experienced any shortages in hygiene items. However, reported shortages in milk and tomatoes have led to price spikes of up to 600%. Price spikes were noted for most items, apart from bread.
The use of negative coping mechanisms and the risk of exploitation remains high particularly among vulnerable populations who are unable to meet their basic needs. The already fragile governance systems, especially those responsible for delivering basic services, has been tested to the limits by the protracted conflict and it is getting worse, level of shortages in health care, education, water, sanitation, electricity and other essential services is growing.
Around 80 per cent of farmers are involved in crop production for their own consumption and income generation, with the remaining in crop production and livestock rearing. A large proportion of the population involved in farming in the Fezzan region currently face serious challenges in continuing their activities. Many people were obliged to cease agricultural production, because they did not have the means to continue. A main obstacle to continuing farming is the poor security situation which affects the overall agricultural value chain, from production, to sales, storage and processing. The scarcity of water and fuel, coupled with irregular electricity supplies, the lack of or high prices of agricultural inputs, difficulties in accessing markets and shops due to the lack of funds and transportation constraints are some of the other reasons that people have been forced to stop farming activities.
The agriculture sector is also an important factor in many IDP's resilience and coping mechanisms. By working in agriculture, IDPs reported having better access to food and income generation. Equally, for migrants, agriculture is an important source of employment and income generation due to its casual nature and that many already have the skills to work in the sector. However, unlike IDPs they generally do not have access to rent or purchase land because they do not have the required legal documentation. This is a similar situation faced by migrants trying to access other services in Libya, such as health and education services.
Between January and November 2019, DTM interviewed more than 19,000 migrants via Flow Monitoring Surveys  ( FMS )  out of which 12,216 migrants shared details of the migration routes used by them to reach Libya
A section of the Flow Monitoring Survey  ( FMS )  is aimed at determining the general status of interviewed migrants' health conditions, and access to health services. In response to the question on diagnosed medical conditions, 5% of the migrants assessed reported to have been diagnosed with chronic illnesses. Of these migrants who had been diagnosed, 46% reported suffering from diabetes mellitus, 34% from high blood pressure and 28% from other chronic illnesses.
One in four Libyans is affected by a conflict that is entering its ninth year. Months of fighting in Tripoli has led to the closure of an additional 13 health facilities and 220 schools, according to the UN, disrupting much needed health services and education. Many Libyans are increasingly facing a scarcity of basic items and decaying or destroyed public services and infrastructure. More than half a million people are estimated to be in critical need of medical care.
Members of the judiciary continued to be attacked and threatened. On 24 October, an unidentified armed group raided the house of a judge in Benghazi, demanding the release of a person charged from detention.
However, access to health services was reported as a major constraint for migrants in Libya. The majority of the assessed migrants reported only having limited or no access to the health services in Libya  ( 74% ) .
The region  ( mantika )  with the second largest migrant population identified was Murzuq  ( 74,294 migrants, 11% )  in the southern Libya along the Libyan borders with Algeria, Chad and Niger.
Furthermore, 14% of the migrants  ( 94,492 individuals )  were reported to be living in collective accommodations with other migrants. The majority  ( 72% )  of migrants living in collective accommodations were identified in Southern Libya
The ongoing armed conflict continued to impede the functioning of the judicial system, limiting its ability to process cases of human rights violations or to bring those responsible to justice. Perpetrators of serious human rights violations and abuses continued to operate without fear of being held to account for their crimes.
A larger proportion of migrants in the urban locations  ( muhallas )  were living in rented accommodations in comparison to rural locations, whereas the proportion of migrants in collective accommodations was higher for migrants reported in rural locations.
82% of the migrants from Algeria who shared details of their migration journey including routes, reported to have directly crossed the Algeria Libya border. While, the remaining 18% reported to have travelled through Tunisia. 37% of these migrants reported to have not felt safe during their journey, whereas 47% felt relatively safe and 16% felt safe.
A wooden boat carrying 49 migrants was returned to Libya yesterday after becoming stranded in Maltese waters when its engine stopped working. The International Organization for Migration  ( IOM )  is alarmed by this apparent breach of international maritime law and appeals to the European Union and the international community for immediate and urgent action to end the return of vulnerable people to Libya and uphold the principle of non refoulement
58% of the migrants from Algeria in this sample were interviewed in Western Libya, 30% in the Southern and only 12% in Eastern Libya. The average cost of journey to Libya reported by migrants from Algeria was 700 USD per person.
93% of migrants departing from Burkina Faso reported to have travelled through Niger whereas 6% reported to have travelled to Mali, followed by Algeria to reach Libya. The remaining 1% reported other routes.
IOM's outreach teams in Libya regularly visit migrant neighborhoods to inform them of the assistance available, including the Voluntary Humanitarian Return  ( VHR )  programme. Several of Daouda's friends used the services and go back to their families in Niger with IOM's support. They got in touch with him, and Daouda was persuaded to return as well.