nlp-thedeep/humsetbias huggingface dataset:
East Sudan and Central Darfur camp locations, large collective out of camp settlements with over 1,000 people, key reception areas for new arrivals, and the majority of Khartoum State refugee areas, including Khartoum's ‘Open Areas'. These locations typically have ‘critical' or ‘serious' malnutrition rates, poor WASH and health infrastructure and service availability, acute food insecurity and protection gaps. These locations have good registration coverage and on going multisector response, unmet assistance needs and high reliance on humanitarian assistance.
South Sudanese refugee locations with approximately 20,000 refugees or more in camps or large camp like settlements  ( i.e., El Leri West settlements in Talodi, South Kordofan ) . These locations include key reception points high rates of new arrivals, with high reliance on humanitarian assistance delivered through parallel service systems that need to be sustained and/or scaled up to accommodate increasing numbers of people.
The Refugee Consultation Forum  ( RCF )  has developed a multi sectoral severity ranking consolidating data on protection, health, nutrition, water supply, water, sanitation and hygiene  ( WASH ) , education, shelter, non food items  ( NFIs ) , food security and livelihoods for refugees living across 104 refugee hosting localities in Sudan. This was done in collaboration with inter agency partners and COR  ( Sudanese Commissioner of Refugees )  and is used to identify needs, response gaps and priorities in specific refugee locations to inform response planning and resource allocation.
Refugees in Sudan are in need of multi sectoral interventions to address their vulnerabilities and assistance needs while in asylum, bolster their self reliance and well being over the long term, and maintain and fulfil their rights as refugees under the 1951 Refugee Convention.
While refugees often benefit from generous support provided by host communities, local resources remain scarce and local service systems are often unable to keep up with increased demand for services.
While some progress has been made on improving access to work permits and public education for refugees, refugees still face challenges when trying to access public services. Refugees often face higher fees and tariffs for public services compared to other populations.
Significant funding gaps persist for the refugee response in Sudan, which have been exacerbated by Sudan's ongoing economic situation. The majority of refugee and asylum seekers in Sudan face high levels of poverty, limited access to livelihood opportunities, and are hosted in some of the poorest regions of the country, where host communities are also struggling.
While the Government of Sudan maintains a generous open border policy for those fleeing conflict and persecution, key protection gaps still persist that undermine the liberty, safety and dignity of refugees, including: access to registration and documentation gaps; limits on freedom of movement and access to basic services; and a lack of land and asset ownership, labour markets and financial services.
Many out of camp settlements are in remote and underdeveloped areas, where resources, infrastructure and basic services are extremely limited. Some 30 per cent of refugees in Sudan live in one of 21 camps, and over half of those living in camps were born there.
In Darfur, an ongoing influx of CAR  ( Central African Republic )  refugees into remote parts of South and Central Darfur States has seen the population swell from nearly 7,800 refugees by the end of August, to nearly 17,000 in just two months to the end of November 2019. There are also nearly 3,100 Chadian refugees living in Central Darfur waiting to return to Chad in 2020.
While Syrian and Yemeni refugees are considered “brothers and sisters' by the Government of Sudan and are not required to register with UNHCR and Commission for Refugees  ( COR )  upon arrival, over 15,000 Syrian and Yemeni refugees are registered in Khartoum for assistance due to their vulnerability.
There are over 120,000 Ethiopian, Eritrean, Congolese, Somalian, Yemeni, Syrian and Burundian refugees living in Khartoum and in need of assistance.
Livelihoods: Construction of 1,200 toilets  ( 800 including showers )  across Um Rakuba and Tunaydbah, and host communities; and income generating activities for refugees and host community members, with a focus on construction, agriculture and services.  [ Specifies assessed location: Um Rakuba, Tunaydbah ]
UNDP initiatives underway include  [ Physical Access ] : In response to heavy recent use, upgrading a 10 kilometer road connecting nearby Doka Village and Um Rakuba, ensuring humanitarian access, and improving the sole economic and services lifeline ahead of seasonal rains.  [ Specifies assessed location: Um Rakuba, Doka Village ]
UNDP initiatives underway include  [ Health ] : Deployment of 3 Global Fund supported mobile clinics, with a combined capacity of 180 patients a day, to provide health services for refugees at Um Rakuba, Tunaydbah and Hamdayet, as well as points of entry to Sudan, and neighbouring communities. One clinic is equipped to provide TB and HIV services.  [ Specifies assessed location: Um Rakuba, Tunaydbah, Hamdayet ]
UNDP initiatives underway include  [ Civil Works ] : On going rehabilitation and expansion of the health centre at Um Rakuba, increasing capacity to around 100 150 patients a day, including an isolation waiting area for potential COVID 19 cases.  [ Specifies assessed location: Um Rakuba ]
UNDP initiatives underway include  [ Access to Energy ] : Trialing solar thermal food cookers in Um Rakuba to mitigate extensive clearcutting of local forests, and gender based violence risks, and provide fossil fuel/electricity free cooking capacity. 1,000 solar cookers are en route to Um Rakuba, Tunaydbah and Hamdayet. Additionally, trialing tuk tuk mounted solar powered cellular charging points to improve communication.  [ Specifies assessed location: Um Rakuba, Tunaydbah, Hamdayet, Doka Village ]
Sector Needs  [ Education ] : 3 million children need education support
Sector Needs  [ Child protection, GBViE  ( GBV in Emergencies )  and PSEA ] : 2.6 million children need protection services
US$3.18 million cash based transfers made in December 2019
2.23 million people assisted in December 2019
During the last week of December, intercommunal clashes and tensions flared up in and around Geneina  ( West Darfur ) , resulting in widespread displacements of people.
17,019 mt  [ metric tons ]  of food assistance distributed in December 2019
[ Sudan, September 2019 ]  FSL sector partners were able to allocate USD 163.1 M under the Humanitarian Response Plan with the generous contribution of 9 financial partners: USA, UK, EU, Germany, Denmark, Canada, Norway, France and Switzerland; in addition to the CERF pooled fund.
There have been significant return movements in Darfur. Prospects for large scale IDP returns remain uncertain in parts of Darfur, South Kordofan and Blue Nile. Furthermore, approximately 197,000 IDPs have spontaneously returned since 2015, as the security situation has stabilized in certain locations in the Darfur region.  [ Specified assessed location: Darfur ]
The UNCT is moving towards an approach that continued to ensure adequate emergency response capacity in situations of new displacement or newly accessible IDPs; however, for protracted IDPs there are efforts to strengthen the nexus between humanitarian and development assistance, with the view to focus on durable solutions wherever possible.
Sudan has a large IDP population, with an estimated 2 million IDPs living across Sudan as of November 2017. The vast majority are in a situation of protracted displacement, with some new displacement often of temporary nature emerging in some areas.
Following secession, South Sudanese people who remained in Sudan became undocumented and needed to obtain nationality documentation in order to confirm their South Sudanese nationality. The majority still does not possess nationality documentation.
Over 200,000 South Sudanese refugees from the pre Dec 2013 caseload who have not been issued documentation by the South Sudanese Consulate in Khartoum are considered at risk of statelessness.
Since December 2018, security forces have violently raided peaceful demonstrations. Violence against protesters is likely to continue.
As of November 2019, the national average retail price of sorghum is higher by 88 percent compared to the same period of the previous year. Also, it was 285 percent higher than the five year average of the same month. The record high prices of sorghum during the current harvesting period may negatively affect the access of the poor population to cereals during 2020, with a negative impact to their food security situation.
WFP in collaboration with Federal Ministry of Health conducted on 29 December one day workshop on Universal Salt Iodization  ( USI )  targeting salt stakeholders including producers and traders. The workshop aimed to present the progress of USI in Sudan and to understand the salt industry structure, production, exports and imports of raw and iodized salt.
The ongoing economic crisis continues to affect the living conditions of millions and is pushing more and more people into poverty. About 9.3 million people – nearly one quarter of the population – are in need of humanitarian assistance, including 6.2 million food insecure people
A significant breakthrough in humanitarian access was achieved in December 2019. The first UN humanitarian assistance since conflict began in 2011 was distributed by a WFP led, UN interagency team in Yabus  ( Blue Nile State ) . Over 10,000 people received food and nutrition assistance.
In coordination with UN agencies and NGO partners, and based on the results of a rapid needs assessment which took place early December, WFP provided emergency food assistance to approximately 5,000 IDPs who started arriving in November in Kadugli from SPLM N areas of South Kordofan. According to community leaders, the arrivals were prompted by improved security situation and the conducive environment created by on going peace negotiations.
On 7 June OCHA established an emergency operation centers in Khartoum. WHO and ICRC have been providing emergency care kits and necessary medicines and supplies to help the wounded in Khartoum and Omdurman. The Ministry of Health and WHO are coordinating the health response. WHO is providing meals to civilian supporters to attract more volunteers and health personnel.
The humanitarian response has been hampered and operations have reduced with some staff, including non essential UN personnel, having been evacuated following 3 June events.
Health: 3.66 million people are in need of health assistance. Maternal mortality rate currently stands at 311 of 100,000 live births.
Displacement in Sudan: Violence, food insecurity, malnutrition and lack of access to basic services have caused large scale internal displacement of 1.9 million IDPs.
Population of Sudan: 43.7 Million. Around 70% of Sudan's population is rural. The urban population is spread amongst a few cities and towns, almost all of which lie along the River Nile or one of its tributaries, or along the Red Sea coast. Sudan has a young population with 40% under 14 years of age.
On 4 June in Tawilla, North Darfur, rain and flooding destroyed at minimum of 485 homes affecting 2,470 IDPs and further damaging 760 houses.
Sudan is prone to heavy rainfall causing floods. With the start of the rainy season  ( June to September ) , torrential rainfall and storms have caused damage to houses and livestock in Darfur.
On 7 June in Leiba East Jebel Marra, South Darfur, 300 to 400 houses of IDPs and returnees were destroyed by torrential rainfall.
Sudan has faced an economic crisis since the beginning of 2018, resulting in continuously rising prices and shortages of essential items including cash, medicines, fuel, and flour.
Cash and fuel shortages attributed to the economic crisis as well as general strikes are hindering. humanitarian operations
Transportation remains limited in Sudan as protestors set up temporary roadblocks. In Kassala and North Darfur access to refugees and IDP camps due to military interferences is restricted since 3 June. Roadblocks hinder the effective delivery of aid.
The security situation has forced many NGOs and agencies to evacuate their personnel. This has placed some projects on hold including in Kalma and Beliel camp, South Darfur, hosting a total of 128,000 IDPs. Most humanitarian assistance has been temporarily suspended in these areas after a series of violent incidents took place at the end of May.
On 3 June the Humanitarian Aid Commission  ( HAC ) , an arm of Sudan's intelligence service and known for interfering with aid work, was looted in Khartoum. Some aid workers had their passports stolen whilst they were still being processed by the HAC for visas.
Humanitarian response and on going operations in Sudan have been heavily impacted by the increased security concerns in Sudan. Some UN officers and humanitarian workers have been evacuated Khartoum but it remains unknown to what extent international staff have been relocated.
Food insecurity levels are high after more than a year of continuous price rises and reduced harvests
Some schools have been targeted, looted and destroyed due to UNICEF. Some schools have consequently closed since the recent escalation security deterioration and it remains unclear how accessible and operational educational facilities are, particularly in Khartoum.
As the security situation in urban areas remains fragile, many shops and markets remain closed. The volatile political situation, resulting in an environment of uncertainty has a direct impact on trade, especially those businesses that depend on partners outside Khartoum.
Intertribal fighting, involving the burning of 100 houses in Deleij village, Central Darfur, leaves people in need of shelter and NFI support.
The availably of life saving maternal health commodities  ( rehydration, spinal anesthesia for caesarian section, etc. )  is limited in most public hospitals.
As of 13 June out of 14 main hospitals in Khartoum, 13 resumed worked and only one remains closed
Members of the host community attacked South Sudanese refugees in and around Khartoum and Omdurman on 6 and 7 June, causing secondary displacement for some refugees as their homes were looted. The two separate attacks on South Sudanese refugees in Khartoum caused at least three deaths and 64 injuries, including cases of SGBV.
Since the 3 June events, a drastic increase of cases of sexual and gender based violence  ( SGBV )  has been reported. Around 70 cases were reported in the immediate aftermath of the violent events in Khartoum.
Human rights violations are frequent in Sudan with unknown numbers of protestors facing excessive violence and being exposed to arbitrary arrest, detention, torture, and killings.
In East Kassala State, several inter tribal clashes between refugees in different refugee camps were reported on 5 and 6 June, killing at least 5 people and injuring at least of 31.
Once  [ Ethiopian ]  refugees reach the camps after passing through reception centres, they receive rations including lentils, sorghum, oil and salt.
[ 2019, Sudan ]  Socioeconomic challenges and protection concerns are often cited by refugees as primary factors in their choice to move onward, including the lack of education and livelihood opportunities.
[ 2019, Sudan ]  These issues are compounded by limited access to livelihoods and household income, with knock on effects including increased tensions with host communities, prevalence of child labour, early marriage and other child protection issues, and sexual and gender based violence  ( SGBV )  risks.
[ 2019, Sudan ]  This  ( Protracted displacement, lack of livelihood opportunities, limited capacity of social services facilities and disruption of community support systems )  has also undermined the capacity of community based caregivers to cater for their children, including unaccompanied and separated children  ( UASC )  and children with disability, under their care.
[ 2019, Sudan ]  Protracted displacement, lack of livelihood opportunities, limited capacity of social services facilities and disruption of community support systems have added to the vulnerability of the IDP, returnee and host communities.
[ 2019, Sudan ]  This reflectfs  ( outbreaks of diseases )  the complex vulnerabilities and insufficiently addressed underlying factors including WASH, vector control, nutrition, and the Expanded Programme on Immunization  ( EPI ) , that are challenging the health system. Measles and chikungunya outbreaks continue into 2019, and the re emergence of AWD controlled in 2018 remains a significant public health threat.
[ Sudan, September 2019 ]  1,900 of individuals trained of CAHWs  ( Community Based Animal Health Worker )  and supported with veterinary kits
[ Sudan, September 2019 ]  292,628 of individuals benefiting from inputs and capacity building for climate smart crop production, livestock and veterinary services
[ Sudan, September 2019 ]  1,180,254 individuals benefiting from General Food Assistance  ( GFA )  with through in kind, voucher or cash
[ Sudan, September 2019 ]  In the second quarter of 2019, 1.77* M individuals were reached with monthly food assistance and agricultural livelihoods. The interventions targeted 80% IDPs, 16% individuals from hosting communities and 4% returnees; 52.5% were women and girls while 44.7% were children below the age of 18; 49.8% adults and 5.5% elderly.
[ 2019, Sudan ]  In Sudan, 159 out of the 171 assessed localities by the IPC analysis of October 2018 are classified as food insecure at crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  and emergency levels  ( IPC Phase 4 )
[ 2019, Sudan ]  This population  ( food insecure )  lacks economic access to food due to limited livelihoods and income sources, has limited availability of household food stocks, and suffers from reduced dietary diversity and high rates of malnutrition.
[ 2019, Sudan ]  The operational capacity of humanitarian partners is closely linked to sustained and unfettered humanitarian access, the ability to maintain necessary staff or set up offices where the needs are largest, and sustained and predictable funding. Operational response capacity in localities controlled by non state armed groups is, however, limited due to security and access challenges.
[ 2019, Sudan ]  In 2018, partners were able to reach affected people, and carry out interagency needs assessments in parts of Jebel Marra, Blue Nile and South Kordofan where access was restricted for several years.  [  Specified assessed location: Jebel Marra ]
[ 2019, Sudan ] Fuel and cash shortages continue across parts of the country. As a result, household purchasing power has been eroded as people are unable to meet their basic food needs and adopting negative coping strategies, such as selling productive assets or limiting amount of food consumed.
UN agencies including WHO, UNICEF, UNHCR and IOM, and several INGO have started initial response activities and have distributed critical aid including tents, plastic sheeting, NFI kits, dignity kits, food and nutrition supplies, etc. WHO is supporting the medical assistance in the affected areas and has provided supplies and medicine as well as support with establishing mobile health teams.
Sudanese authorities at a national and state level are responsible for the overall coordination of the response effort. The Humanitarian Aid Commission  ( HAC )  activated the Flood Steering Committee as well as the Flood Task Force  ( FTF ) . The FTF provides food, WASH, health, nutrition and shelter assistance.
Strikes and high security concerns are exacerbating the risks of a drastic economic decline, especially when the oil trades with South Sudan, one of Sudan's major income source, is affected.
Households across Sudan, including most IDPs, are struggling to meet their basic needs as staple food prices for wheat, millet and sorghum increased to 250 300% above the five year average.
The economic crisis is disrupting public services, impacting agricultural activities, and resulting in dramatic price increases for staple foods
Sudan has faced severe economic challenges since the beginning of 2018. The elimination of wheat and flour subsidies in February 2018, coupled with continual devaluations of the Sudanese pound  ( SDG )  caused shortages of essential commodities and hard currency.
The impact of the floods on the affected population is likely to be aggravated by preexisting vulnerabilities caused by previous flooding in the affected areas. In June the region of Darfur received multiple events of torrential rainfall that affected host, IDP and returnee populations and left around 6,520 people in need of humanitarian assistance. About 480 houses were destroyed and over 785 houses were particularly affected in all five Tawilla IDP camps.
Heavy rains and flash floods affected over 222,000 people across 15 states during Sudan's 2018 rainy season. Some 24,000 were displaced. The flooding affected livelihoods and lead to slight crop production shortfalls
Houses in rural areas or suburbs across Sudan tend to be built from a mud and stone  ( or brick )  combination. Some IDPs that only got recently displaced may stay in tents. These materials make them susceptible to heavy damage during strong rains and floods
Cash and fuel shortages attributed to the economic crisis as well as general strikes may hamper humanitarian operations.
Operational challenges were reported during the Eid holidays between 11 and 16 August. Absence of coordination with key stakeholders during this period led to a delay of operations.
International humanitarian organisations have evacuated staff after the escalation of violence against protesters on 3 June when over 120 people were killed, and more than 780 people injured.
[ Sudan, September 2019 ]  In June 2019, the national average retail price of sorghum and goat increased by 2% and 7.3% respectively compared to the previous month  ( WFP Monthly Market Update, June 2019 ) .
Main concerns voiced by the population are the following: ● Lack of basic service including food, health and water were also flagged as concerns that might lead to protection risks and further tension.
Main concerns voiced by the population are the following: ● The overcrowded gathering points left women and girls with limited options for privacy and is increasing the risk of Gender Based Violence  ( GBV ) .
[ 2019, Sudan ]  In areas where there is limited access to telecommunications infrastructure, this is particularly important in ensuring the availability of service to humanitarian partners.
[ Sudan, February 2020 ]  The Refugee Response emphasizes efforts for improved resilience, including: support for livelihoods and promotion of economic inclusion; integrating refugees into national and local systems for basic service provision; increased focus on sustainable energy and environment; and moving towards more durable infrastructure and sustainability of interventions. This is especially relevant for Sudan, given the protracted situation that many refugees and their host communities are now facing in a context of economic situation and compounded by chronic underfunding.
[ Sudan, February 2020 ]  While at a smaller scale in recent years, new displacement does remain a concern, especially in parts of Jebel Marra  ( Darfur ) , South Kordofan and Blue Nile.  [ Specified assessed location: Darfur ]
[ Sudan, February 2020 ]  Many IDPs, particularly women and girls, face high protection risks including gender based violence  ( GBV ) , harassment, rape, female genital mutilation  ( FGM )  among others.
[ Sudan, February 2020 ]  Over 1.1 million refugees are estimated to be living in Sudan and have come in search of safety from violence, persecution and other hazards in their home countries.
[ Sudan, February 2020 ]  The number of people in need in 2020 increased by 10 per cent compared to 2019. The most vulnerable people identified by the aid community in Abyei include 107,000 people from the Ngok Dinka communities, 9,000 people displaced from neighbouring states in South Sudan, 37,000 people from the Misseriya community, 6,000 mainly Nuer and Dinka Twic, 38,000 seasonal Misseriya migrants, and 5,000 Falata nomads who are expected to leave Abyei June 2020.
[ Sudan, February 2020 ]  No government services and lack of access to basic public health and WASH services are also undermining people's living conditions.
[ Sudan, February 2020 ]  Approximately 40 per cent of newly arrived asylum seekers in eastern Sudan migrate onward within two months of arrival.
[ Sudan, February 2020 ]  Clearance operations include removal of landmines and explosive remnants of war  ( ERW )  which contribute to protection of local communities by ensuring improved access to basic services; restoring livelihood capacities, as well as safe access for humanitarian actors to enable the delivery of life saving aid.
[ Sudan, February 2020 ]  Strengthen peace building skills of children, youth, women, men, and community based structures in Abyei to contribute to decision making and peaceful coexistence of their communities.
[ Sudan, February 2020 ]  Monitor population movement, including displacement and return, in Abyei and identify the most vulnerable populations in need of assistance across all humanitarian sectors.
[ Sudan, February 2020 ]  Maintain readiness and update the Abyei inter agency contingency plan and sector specific emergency preparedness plans to respond to emergencies quickly by securing support from Governments of Sudan and South Sudan, according to available supply routes, for a minimum amount of pre positioned stocks in Abyei, Agok and Diffra towns, including ES/NFI kits.
[ Sudan, February 2020 ]  Provide access to primary education and training, including support to all students and teachers, establishment of learning spaces, basic rehabilitation of schools, school meals, and incentives to increase enrolment and retention of girls in school.
[ Sudan, February 2020 ]  Improve access to humanitarian corridors through advocacy with authorities at national and sub national levels and improve monitoring impediments and civil military coordination.
[ Sudan, February 2020 ]  Provide women and child protection services, reduce risk of death and injury from landmines and explosive remnants of war through survey and clearance activities and mine risk education, and engage with all actors to advocate for a better protective environment for civilians.
[ Sudan, February 2020 ]  Strengthen protection by working with all stakeholders, including local institutions and UNISFA/United Nations Police, to reduce protection risks, SGBV and implement comprehensive protection responses with a focus on people with specific vulnerabilities.
[ Sudan, February 2020 ]  Maintain humanitarian lifesaving services and increase their sustainability by adopting participatory approaches and building community based management capacity, e.g. water management committees, youth and women unions and peace clubs.
[ Sudan, February 2020 ]  In addition, there is a need to reinvigorate economic activities to ramp up local employment opportunities and increase access to livelihoods.
[ Sudan, February 2020 ]  . In 2019, floods temporarily displaced some 40,000 people.
[ Sudan, February 2020 ]  Environmental considerations are considered across sectoral interventions for refugees. Examples include mitigating forest degradation risk near camps and larger out of camp settlements by working to improve access to energy initiatives, while investing in forestry and sustainable management programmes that benefit both refugees and host communities; and the establishment of resource management committees with equal participation of refugee and host communities to support water supply and land resource management to the benefit of all who rely on these natural resources.
[ Sudan, February 2020 ]  Refugees from South Sudan account for approximately 78 per cent of all reported refugees in Sudan.
[ Sudan, February 2020 ]  Since July 2019, a surge in CAR  ( Central African Republic )  new arrivals to South and Central Darfur states has been observed, with over 11,000 new arrivals reported in a 4 month period between July and October.
[ Sudan, February 2020 ]  Sudan has a long history of hosting refugees and asylum seekers, currently estimated at over 1.1 million individuals13 who have arrived in search of safety from violence, persecution and other hazards in their countries of origin. Refugees in Sudan are in need of multisector interventions to address their vulnerabilities and assistance needs while in asylum, and to maintain and fulfil their rights as refugees under the 1951 Refugee Convention.
[ Sudan, February 2020 ]  Approximately 3.6 million vulnerable people including IDPs and refugees on the move are exposed to landmines or ERW contamination.
[ Sudan, February 2020 ]  Women and girls suffer disproportionately from GBV, poverty and violations of basic rights due to insecurity, low economic status and lack of livelihood opportunities, and lack of community awareness on women's rights due to cultural and societal norms.
[ Sudan, February 2020 ]  About 1.8 million people are in need of GBV prevention, mitigation and response
[ Sudan, February 2020 ] Additionally, the UN and partners' existing security telecommunications infrastructure in Sudan is part of the LET's activities and is covered by an inter agency security telecommunications service, which functions as a coordination mechanism.
[ Sudan, February 2020 ]  Furthermore, life  threatening neglected tropical diseases such as schistosomiasis and leishmaniosis are highly prevalent in Sudan.
[ Sudan, February 2020 ]  Health staff continuously need training and re training to address the inability of health authorities to retain health staff and maintain national and local resources.
[ Sudan, February 2020 ]  In 2019, availability of essential medicines declined to reach only 43 per cent across surveyed health facilities with an increased cost of 60 per cent. Additionally, lack of funding translates into lack of medical supplies and medicines in health facilities and lack of support of health staff.
[ Sudan, February 2020 ]  The overall vaccination coverage including the diphtheria tetanus pertussis  ( DTP3 )  vaccine remains around 60 per cent, exposing children under 5 years of age to vaccine preventable diseases
[ Sudan, February 2020 ]  During 2019, some 430,000 people were affected by the seasonal floods. The lack of vector control programmes, and lack of optimal access to WASH services contributed to the appearance of several outbreaks   cholera, dengue, chikungunya, and rift valley fevers   in months after the flooding
[ Sudan, February 2020 ]  The 2020 HNO identifies 8.6 million people in need of health.
[ Sudan, February 2020 ]  The minimum NFI basic kit consists of plastic sheets, blankets, sleeping mats, kitchen sets, twenty litre jerry cans per household. Larger households  ( greater than 5 people )  are provided additional items to meet their needs, in line with ES/NFI Standard Operating Procedure  ( SOP ) .
[ Sudan, February 2020 ]  The 2020 HNO identifies 1.2 million people in need of Emergency Shelter and Non Food Items  ( ES/NFI )  assistance in Sudan, including protracted and newly displaced people, returnees, and vulnerable host communities.
[ Sudan, February 2020 ]  While new displacement has reduced in recent years, people have continued to be displaced due to localized armed clashes and intercommunal violence, as well as hazards such as floods and disease outbreaks in both conflict affected and non conflict affected states.
[ Sudan, February 2020 ]  The 2020 HNO has identified 1.5 million people with education needs
[ Sudan, February 2020 ]  The economic crisis has impacted people's purchasing power, causing schooling costs to become unaffordable for many households.
[ Sudan, February 2020 ]  Children of displaced communities are adding pressure to existing education facilities, which struggle to accommodate new students due to limited space and resources
[ Sudan, February 2020 ]  Years of little to no investment in basic services has stretched the capacity of existing infrastructure and basic services.
[ Sudan, February 2020 ]  UNOPS is leading an inter agency task force to propose a hotline system that would ultimately connect people to government social safety net services, and humanitarians will closely engage with this task force to ensure such a system can align with humanitarian needs and feedback mechanisms.
[ Sudan, February 2020 ]  The requirement for the Humanitarian Aid Commission  ( HAC )  to be involved in the recruitment of national staff by international NGOs has been removed. The Government has also committed to easing customs clearance for NGOs to import humanitarian materials, and licensing of NGO vehicles.
[ Sudan, February 2020 ]  Despite concerted efforts to promote the use of cash in humanitarian response, the environment for cash remains challenging: • Harmonization of tools and technical standards: Across the states, partners have continued to face differences in access conditions and receptiveness to the use of cash. Delivery mechanisms and financial service providers varied by partner, and humanitarian actors lack common data management systems and beneficiary data protection policies. Transfer values have also not been harmonized, and the duration of assistance has tended to vary by partner and sector objectives
[ Sudan, February 2020 ]  Despite concerted efforts to promote the use of cash in humanitarian response, the environment for cash remains challenging: • Financial and telecommunications infrastructure: The limited availability and operational reach of service providers in remote areas, including banks and telecommunications companies, has impacted the delivery of cash assistance. This has been compounded by restrictions on the use of mobile devices for data collection, e vouchers and mobile payments.
[ Sudan, February 2020 ]  Despite concerted efforts to promote the use of cash in humanitarian response, the environment for cash remains challenging: • Political acceptance and administrative bottlenecks: Partners faced difficulties: obtaining approvals for technical agreements for cash programmes, affecting the timing and sequencing of activities, including seasonal assistance.
[ Sudan, February 2020 ]  Despite concerted efforts to promote the use of cash in humanitarian response, the environment for cash remains challenging: • Cash shortages: Cash and fuel shortages have resulted in implementation delays, underspending on grants, increased operational costs and the reduction or partial suspension of activities.
[ Sudan, February 2020 ]  Freedom of movement, especially in conflict affected areas such as Darfur, remains restricted. This greatly impacts communities' ability to engage in livelihoods, undermining opportunities to support self reliance and durable solutions to displacement.
[ Sudan, February 2020 ]  Civilians have suffered from years of conflict, exposing them to protection threats including gender based violence, targeted attacks, and violations of basic human rights.
[ Sudan, February 2020 ]  Humanitarian actors also continue to face operational challenges linked to the economic crisis. These include fuel shortages, which can constrain movement; cash shortages, which can delay payment for supplies and partners and limit the ability to deliver cash based assistance; and high inflation, which limits the ability to negotiate long term contracts with suppliers.
[ Sudan, February 2020 ]  Sudan still has one of the lowest human development levels, ranking 168 out of 189 countries and territories on UNDP's Human Development Index.
[ Sudan, February 2020 ]  An estimated 1.8 million people need humanitarian protection in 2020 in Sudan due to conflict, natural hazards, armed tribal clashes, internal and external displacement, disease outbreaks, severe economic hardships, poor quality and access to services, and the absence of rule of law.
[ Sudan, February 2020 ]  Limited investment, underdevelopment, the economic crisis and decades of conflict have resulted in weak education, health and WASH infrastructures across the country, with huge disparities between rural and urban areas, and this has been further exacerbated by the economic crisis.
[ Sudan, February 2020 ]  Disease outbreaks continue to affect millions of people and stretch health and water, sanitation and hygiene  ( WASH )  systems, exacerbated by the economic crisis.
[ Sudan, February 2020 ]  Approximately 2.7 million children suffer from malnutrition including 522,084 children under age 5 that are severely malnourished.
[ Sudan, February 2020 ]  Rising food prices, and poor water and sanitation systems and health services, continue to drive malnutrition across the country.
[ Sudan, February 2020 ]  Sudan continues to face persistently high levels of acute malnutrition and stunting.
[ Sudan, February 2020 ]  Food security continued to decline in 2019, driven by the collapsing economy as well as natural shocks. The Integrated Food Security Phase Classification  ( IPC )  estimates that 5.8 million people   14 per cent of the total population  ( excluding West Darfur )  are experiencing crisis or worse levels of food insecurity  ( IPC Phase 3 and above ) . Despite a good harvest mid year, the economic crisis has kept food costs high.
[ Sudan, February 2020 ]  In 2019 alone, Sudan faced concurrent outbreaks of cholera, chikungunya, dysentery, dengue, malaria, measles, diphtheria and rift valley fever affecting 10 states.
[ Sudan, February 2020 ]  Some of the highest prevalence of food insecurity is in the conflict affected states of South Kordofan, and Central, North, South, and West Darfur
[ Sudan, February 2020 ]  Over 90 per cent of refugees in Sudan are reliant on food assistance, with limited dietary diversity, rations gaps and lack of sufficient income to meet their needs. This has also contributed to ‘critical' and ‘serious' malnutrition levels across most camps and larger refugee settlements.
[ Sudan, February 2020 ]  Protracted and new displacement continues due to decades of conflict and natural disasters. Over 1.8 million internally displaced persons  ( IDPs )    the majority living in camps   are unable to meet their basic needs and remain reliant on humanitarian assistance.
[ Sudan, February 2020 ]  The effects of climate change have also weakened an already stretched system. Parts of the country continue to face natural disasters including cyclical flooding, drought, and desertification.
[ Sudan, February 2020 ]  Sudan is in debt distress, with external debt of about $50 billion. Until arrears are cleared, and Sudan is removed from the United States “State sponsors of terrorism' list, the country has limited access to debt relief and international financing support through the International Monetary Fund  ( IMF )  and the World Bank.
[ Sudan, February 2020 ]  The physical safety and psychosocial wellbeing of girls and boys affected by emergencies in Sudan remains compromised due to exposure to violence, disruption of social support systems, increasing poverty and the lack of access to quality social services.
[ Sudan, February 2020 ]  These factors limited socioeconomic opportunities and protection, adding to a growing number of challenges   negatively impacting the resilience and self protection capacity of affected communities.
[ 2019, Sudan ]  Response Plan Key Activities: Maintain readiness and update the Abyei inter agency contingency plan and sector specific emergency preparedness plans to respond to emergencies quickly by securing support from Governments of Sudan and South Sudan, according to available supply routes, for a minimum amount of pre positioned stock in Abyei, including ES/NFI kits.
[ 2019, Sudan ]  The inter agency refugee response in Sudan is coordinated through the inter sectoral Refugee Consultation Forum  ( RCF ) , led by UNHCR and the Commission for Refugees  ( COR )  and covers all interventions for refugees and asylum seekers delivered by humanitarian actors across protection, ES/NFI, health, WASH, food security and nutrition, livelihoods and education.
[ 2019, Sudan ]  Given the protracted nature of relief and recovery operations in Sudan, the ES/NFI sector has adopted a two pronged strategy which includes  ( a )  the provision of emergency shelter and NFIs to populations affected by conflict and natural disasters  ( internally displaced people – new and protracted ) , host communities, returnees, and other vulnerable populations; and  ( b )  facilitation of durable solutions in Darfur through the design and provision of environmentally friendly shelter solutions in consultation with local communities, increasing self reliance and reducing damage to the environment.  [ specified assessed location: Darfur ]
[ 2019, Sudan ]  Returnee areas such as Um Dukhun and localities within Jebel Marra in Central Darfur have witnessed organized and spontaneous returnees over the past years. Returns have also taken place in El Fasher, Kornoi and Mellit  ( North Darfur )  and in El Geneina and Jebel Moon  ( West Darfur ) .  [ specified assessed location: Jebel Marra ]
[ 2019, Sudan ]  Response Plan Key Activities: Contribute to the reduction in morbidity and mortality with increased access to quality health care interventions through PHC  ( Primary Health Care )  interventions and community case management approaches.
[ 2019, Sudan ]  The response also addresses the needs of refugees living in urban areas, especially in Khartoum, with a focus on livelihoods programming to support self reliance, such as vocational training opportunities, CBT, micro financing and livelihood asset protection, with efforts to create partnerships with the private sector and development actors.
[ 2019, Sudan ]  In eastern Sudan, there has also been a slower rate of new arrivals from Eritrea, with 570 people arriving per month in 2018, down from over 800 per month in 2017. They are hosted in some of the poorest regions of Sudan, face high levels of poverty, and many remain reliant on humanitarian assistance.
[ 2019, Sudan ] The RRR sector used a vulnerability analysis to prioritize 15 out of the 18 localities in Sudan that have returnees. The analysis includes criteria on conducive environments for durable solutions; the number of people returned and estimates of expected returnees; access and availability of basic services; and livelihoods opportunities and access to markets. The prioritized localities continue to be in the five return areas of Um Dukhun  ( Central Darfur ) , Dar Zaghawa  ( North Darfur ) , North Jebel Marra  ( Rokoro, Central Darfur ) , Beida  ( West Darfur ) , and return areas in Yassin  ( East Darfur ) , Shattai, Bel Seref, Derbait, Kidingeer  ( South Darfur ) , Abu Jubaiha  ( South Kordofan ) , El Dali  ( Sennar ) , Blue Nile State, El Jabalian  ( White Nile ) , Golo  ( Central Darfur ) .  [ Specified assessed location: Dar Zaghawa  ( North Darfur ) , North Jebel Marra  ( Rokoro, Central Darfur ) , Bel Seref, Derbait, Kidingeer  ( South Darfur ) , Golo  ( Central Darfur ) .
[ Sudan, February 2020 ]  In addition, Sudan is both a temporary and long term host country to an extensive population of refugees, asylum seekers and migrants, including unaccompanied and separated children.
[ Sudan, February 2020 ]  Health systems are at risk of collapsing, water and sanitation coverage remains poor, and the education system is unequipped to accommodate existing, let alone increasing needs. In rural areas, the delivery of basic services is even lower
[ 2019, Sudan ]  Children represent up to 60 per cent of the displaced population and the figure is even higher among newly displaced communities; and girls are vulnerable to child marriage, exclusion from education due to domestic work, and trafficking.
[ 2019, Sudan ]  ERWs  ( explosive remnants of war )  encountered in Darfur include air delivered bombs, rockets, artillery and rifle projectiles, mortars and grenades.  [ specified assessed location: Darfur ]
[ 2019, Sudan ]  Since 2002 to date, 1,094 victims  [ landmines and explosive remnants of war  ( ERW )  ]  were registered in South Kordofan and Blue Nile states, and 144 out of the 203 contaminated locations in the country are registered in South Kordofan and Blue Nile.
[ 2019, Sudan ]  South Kordofan is the most contaminated state in Sudan and has the highest number of landmine/ERW victims in the country.
[ 2019, Sudan ]  According to the Information Management System for Mine Action  ( IMSMA )  database, there are 27.7 million square meters of land in 203 locations that remain contaminated by landmines and explosive remnants of war  ( ERW ) , putting the lives of the local community, vulnerable people, and aid workers in danger.
[ 2019, Sudan ]  Limited socio economic opportunities and growing economic challenges have negatively impacted the resilience and self protection capacity of affected communities, especially vulnerable IDPs and returnees.
[ 2019, Sudan ]  Response Plan Key Activities: Monitor, track and profile displacement and return in Abyei and identify the most populations for assistance across all humanitarian sectors.
[ 2019, Sudan ]  Response Plan Key Activities: Provide women and child protection services, reduce risk of death and injury from landmines and explosive remnants of war through mine risk education, and engage with all actors to advocate for a better protective environment for civilians.
[ 2019, Sudan ]  Response Plan Key Activities: Strengthen protection by working with all stakeholders, including local institutions and UNISFA/UN Police, to reduce protection risks, sexual and gender based violence  ( SGBV )  and implement comprehensive protection responses with a focus on people with specific vulnerabilities.
[ 2019, Sudan ]  Response Plan Key Activities: Provide access to primary education and training, including support to all students and teachers, establishment of learning spaces, basic rehabilitation of schools, school meals, and incentives to increase enrolment and retention of girls in school.
[ 2019, Sudan ]  Response Plan Key Activities: Maintain humanitarian life saving services and increase their sustainability by adopting participatory approaches and building community based management capacity, e.g. water management committees, youth and women unions and peace clubs.
[ 2019, Sudan ]  Response Plan Key Activities: Improve access to safe drinking water and adequate hygiene and sanitation with particular focus on areas of displacement, return and hot communities in the Abyei Area.
[ 2019, Sudan ]  Some 182,000 people require humanitarian assistance in the disputed Abyei Area due to the presence of armed elements, continued inter communal violence, presence of explosive remnants of war, population movement, natural disaster, poor infrastructure and the absence of public institutions and government services. This includes some 87,000 Ngok Dinka communities and returnees; about 15,000 Ngok Dinka displaced within Abyei; some 9,000 people from Unity and Warrap in Abyei; some 34,000 Misseriya in north of Abyei; and another 37,000 Misseriya seasonal migrants who are in the areas between October and May.
[ 2019, Sudan ]  Refugees in Sudan have particular vulnerabilities. They receive international protection from the Government of Sudan, however, they do not have the same rights as Sudanese citizens, and often have specific barriers to accessing services on par with nationals. As a result, refugees are largely reliant on humanitarian assistance to meet their basic needs, a situation that is compounded by limited access to livelihoods, especially for refugees living in camps
[ 2019, Sudan ]  In Darfur, a new influx of refugees from Central African Republic  ( CAR )  began in March 2018, with over 4,000 people fleeing violence and seeking asylum in Sudan, who require protection and NFI support.  [ specified assessed location: Darfur ]
[ 2019, Sudan ]  There is an urgent need for more durable solutions that support greater self reliance and enhanced protection.
[ 2019, Sudan ]  Sudan has a long history of hosting refugees and asylum seekers, currently estimated at over one million individuals, who come in search of safety from violence, persecution and other hazards in their home countries.