nlp-thedeep/humsetbias huggingface dataset:
In July 2019, GTS carried out a survey among IDPs, voluntary migrants and crisis affected people in Somalia, who have all received aid and support from humanitarian organizations in the past 18 months. One of the key highlights from the results include that less than one third of affected people feel that the aid they receive meets their most important needs. For example, only 22 per cent of non cash recipients say their needs are met, compared to 33 per cent of those who receive humanitarian cash transfers
In the past 6 months, these community health workers have reached 10.5 million people in 2.1 million households with prevention messages, identified cases and contacts, and monitored health outcomes of those who were sick and infected.
With the second term of the 2020/2021 school year having started mid January, UNICEF resumed supporting vulnerable girls and boys affected by crisis and humanitarian situations to access inclusive education services.
Massive, forced evictions are mainly reported in urban areas of Somalia, with the most affected cities being Mogadishu, Kismayo, Baidoa and Galkayo, affecting approximately 200,000 women and men annually. In Somalia, forced evictions are not gender neutral.
Violence against children, both inside and outside of the home, has increased as families are in a confined space, with limited resources and heightened stress.
In this assessment the prevalence of Global Acute Malnutrition  ( GAM )  in Galkacyo South based on weight for height z scores /and or oedema was 10.9%  [ 8.3   14.2, 95% C.I. ]  and the prevalence of Severe Acute Malnutrition  ( SAM )  was 1.6%  [ 0.9   2.9, 95% C.I. ] . The overall GAM prevalence is indicative of serious nutritional situation based on the WHO standards.
In August, UNICEF supported the World Breastfeeding week through a variety of activities that promote, protect and support breastfeeding including 210 radio spots aired by five radio stations, radio talk shows, 105 TV spots aired three times a day and SMS on breastfeeding to about 20,000 mobile subscribers.
POE  [ Points of Entry ]  partner mapping was completed. Currently, there are six partners providing various support at various POEs. IEC materials, including roll ups, posters and flyers, on COVID 19 are currently being printed to be distributed to various POEs.
Flooding in 2020 has affected nearly 1.6 million people, including 35 killed and 716,000 displaced; destroyed farmland and infrastructure and increased the risk of water borne diseases. About 849,900 children under the age of five years face acute malnutrition between September 2020 and August 2021
UNICEF implementing partners also registered a 4 per cent drop in acute diarrhoea cases and 98.9 per cent of children under 5 affected were appropriately treated with oral rehydration salts  ( ORS ) .
Continued screening of travellers, awareness creation for people living in congested IDP settlements, and distribution of PPE, including masks and hand sanitizers, in all the points of entry remains underway.
CCCM Cluster partners have established CCCM mechanism in 918 IDP sites out of 1,500 and assisted 923,171 IDPs in the camps with site improvement activities. In response to COVID 19, CCCM partners have also completed some of the ongoing risk communication activities in 921 IDP sites out of 2,344 IDP sites nationally covering 1,091,009 persons  ( 42 per cent of the total 2.6 million IDPs ) . The partners also trained 680  ( 518 females and 162 males )  on COVID 19 prevention and response.
In the area of case management, WHO has equipped all the critical care units of the hospitals designated by the government to treat COVID 19 patients with essential medical supplies, equipment and drugs. We have also trained the health care workers in these hospitals on critical care management and infection control measures
To ensure the sustainability of the schools' activities and to retain the teachers in schools, 320 teachers were provided with a monthly incentive by UNICEF.
Gender based violence is a common occurrence within the context of forced eviction in Somalia and not only are women and girls more likely to suffer violence during forced evictions, but they are also exposed to increased levels of violence within their own homes and communities once a forced eviction takes place.
Surveillance has been the main focus of WHO's support in the response to COVID 19. Understanding the progression of the disease and tracking virus circulation were possible because of the support WHO provided to enhance surveillance for COVID 19 across the country.
The information was used to trace and track the suspected case, collect a sample and identify the contacts. Again, the community health workers were key to driving and guiding the response.
Lack of incentives for POE frontline health workers/health screeners. There is need to recruit extra personnel to be deployed at all formal and informal entry points along the Kenya Somalia border.
Lower Shabelle, an administrative region in southern Somalia, hosts more than 100 000 internally displaced people  ( IDPs )  of which 80% are dwelling in the rural areas, making it the third region in Somalia with the highest concentration of IDPs after Banadir and Galgaduud.
These community health care workers were also trained how to carry out house to house visits and search for suspected cases and their contacts for management and follow up.They were also trained on prevention and protection of their own health while conducting house to house searches
Somalia has about 4.5 million school aged children. Of these, only 35 per cent of girls and 41 per cent of boys are enrolled in school according to the JMCNA conducted across Somalia .
In isolated and remote areas, these community health workers have been particularly important in identifying and caring for people with COVID 19.
An estimated 3.15 million people are in need of shelter and NFI assistance due to inadequate shelter conditions, overcrowding, economic hardship and lack of security of tenure.
The resumption of domestic and international flights since August, has boosted the crucial air transport in the country, enabling the movement of aid workers and delivery of supplies. Schools continue with the phased reopening since August amidst challenges related to social distancing, physical space and prevention.
In March and April 2019, numerous rapes, including of under aged girls, torture and killings were committed in IDP in camps in Baidoa, Buulaburte and Galkayo, where hostility and discrimination from host communities are high.
By the end of 2020, Somalia hosted 24,073 refugees and asylum seekers, as well as 91,831 assisted refugee returnees. Refugees, asylum seekers and returnees mostly live in urban or peri urban poor areas amongst the host community
The “Somaliland' United Nations area security management team has suspended United Nations missions to areas within both districts, including to Laascaanood in Sool between March and August, for extended periods owing to prevailing insecurity and with missions to Badhan and Dhardhaar in Sanaag still under restriction.
The network facilitates access to information, coordination and interventions in hard to reach and inaccessible areas. UNICEF has also supported gender capacity strengthening through multiple training sessions for Clusters to ensure the drought preparedness and response is gender responsive and inclusive, including access to gender based violence  ( GBV )  services and psychosocial support to separated or unaccompanied children.
Pneumonia cases recorded by implementing partners decreased by a 15 per cent in August with 98.4 per cent of affected children under 5 appropriately treated with antibiotics. To facilitate service provision, UNICEF distributed 57 inter agency emergency health kits and 17 midwifery kits to 15 partners in 6 priority regions.
The response is designed to boost the ongoing lifesaving assistance and targets the most vulnerable individuals and households in the worst affected areas through cluster specific targeting. At least 88 per cent of the envelope is allocated towards priority activities in Food Security, Health, Logistics, Protection with emphasis on child protection and GBV, Shelter/NFI, and WASH clusters, while 12 per cent will go to integrated response consisting of two integrated packages namely, integrated Health and Nutrition activities and integrated Education/Child Protection/WASH activities.
With the distribution of NFI kits consisting of blankets, soap, jerry cans, kitchen sets, sleeping mats and plastic sheets, UNHCR reached 26,000 persons out of the total 107,000 targeted for NFI and emergency shelter. Distribution will continue into and beyond June.
There are 4.7 million people in need of food and livelihood assistance out of the 6.3 million people reported by the FSNAU of which 3.6 million are IPC2 This people in need figure was further classified into the five severity classes of Inter cluster PIN  ( None/Minimal  ( 1 ) , Stressed  ( 2 ) , Severe  ( 3 ) , Extreme  ( 4 )  and Catastrophe  ( 5 ) .
Mental distress is exacerbated during the COVID 19 pandemic as vulnerable individuals, including older persons and persons with disabilities, may be separated from their caregivers due to quarantine and isolation requirements.
During August, the C4D section supported routine immunization programmes by reaching 111 health facilities, conducting sensitization meetings for 11,357 caregivers, 227 religious' leaders, announcements in 94 mosques, distributing 289 IEC materials, and broadcasting 100 radio spots.
Ongoing armed conflict and insecurity continue to drive displacement, compounding the humanitarian situation and elevating protection concerns. More than 16 per cent of those displaced cited conflict and insecurity as the main reasons for their displacement.
In Mogadishu, Ventilators to treat COVID 19 patients are being supplied by IOM, the International Organization for Migration, to help thousands of Somali's affected by the disease.
UNICEF's ongoing humanitarian action focuses on an integrated, inclusive, and multi sectoral response to residual drought impact, displacement, conflict, disease outbreaks and seasonal floods.
Widespread acute food insecurity and malnutrition persist in many parts of Somalia despite concerted efforts to reverse this trend. The projected acute food insecure population of 6.3 million  ( IPC 2 and above )  represents a 36 percent increase compared to the figures for the 2018 Gu' but it is comparable to the estimates for the 2017 Gu'.
Based on eviction vulnerability criteria, post eviction assistance has been put in place for eligible households if evicted. Despite the significant reduction in forced evictions across all locations in Somalia, Mogadishu remains the most affected city, consistently reporting a spike in evictions.
Ensure that health centers are not too far from the sites, accessible even during evening hours and that maternal and child health care services are available. Whenever health care posts are far from the sites, measures should be taken to support vulnerable individuals and particularly pregnant women to get access to the facilities especially in case of emergencies
IOM will continue supporting the health authorities in Somalia to ensure that no one is left behind in the COVID 19 response,' said Richard Danziger, Chief of Mission for IOM Somalia.
Although the 2019 JMCNA indicates a potential improvement in exclusive breastfeeding of children below 6 months  ( 51 per cent of non displaced children and 63 per cent of displaced children ) , further detailed assessment is required to examine changes in feeding practices. Complementary feeding also appears compromised, with only 15 per cent of children 6 23 months receiving the minimum dietary diversity, and only 9 per cent consuming the minimum acceptable diet.
The provision of basic necessities such as food, water and shelter is essential for sustaining the lives and dignity of IDPs. This safety audit enables humanitarian actors to identify observable risks and assess specific vulnerabilities of displaced populations living in these settlements. This Safety Audit is the third one conducted by ACTED in Baidoa.
UNICEF is also committed to implementing gender responsive and socially inclusive humanitarian action to ensure those most in need receive the right life saving services.
Survivors of GBV, reported as 77 per cent of IDPs and 20 per cent from the host community, face fear of reprisals, stigmatization and difficulties accessing safe and appropriate services.
The International Committee of the Red Cross  ( ICRC )  has documented seven times more cases of suspected Acute Water Diarrhoea than possible COVID 19 cases in the last two months, underscoring what is at risk if seasonal disease outbreaks are neglected.
As per the 2019 Child Protection Assessment in Somalia report, the second most prominently cited child protection concern was the separation of children from their usual caregivers. It was more common for respondents in IDP camps  ( 48 per cent )  and urban areas  ( 44 per cent )  to cite separated children as a concern, compared to rural locations  ( 7 per cent ) . The main cause of family separation reported by more than half  ( 68 per cent )  of the respondents was losing parents/ children when moving to safer areas, while almost the same proportion of respondents  ( 62 per cent )  cited that caregivers willingly send their children to work far from home.
. About one third of communities that host IDPs face increased pressure on their existing resources and thus require external assistance. From January to September 2019, a total of 216,668 people have benefitted from NFI and 167,369 people have benefitted from shelter interventions.
IOM initiated a Women Participation Project  ( WPP )  in Baidoa, Kismayo and Doolow IDP sites to empower women through participation in camp governance and service delivery, contributing to the acknowledgement of women leadership in the society.
This initiative is in line with IOM's Institutional Framework for Addressing Gender Based Violence in Crises. Specifically, it seeks to mitigate Gender Based Violence  ( GBV )  risks by 1 )  ensuring women and girls' participation and voice are promoted in all aspects of crisis response; 2 )  supporting GBV survivors by engaging with the community to develop outreach approaches and context appropriate messages; and 3 )  addressing the root causes of GBV by promoting social and political empowerment of women and girls. IOM through the WPP continued to raise awareness on COVID 19, targeting IDPs.
Child rights awareness activities reached 9,173 people with information and knowledge on prevention of child abuse, family separation and GBV prevention.
LIVELIHOODS/AGRICULTURE: When asked about the previous long rain  ( “Gu' )  growing season, only 11.6% of respondents identified crop failure as occurring.
Humanitarian needs are likely to increase in 2021 due to the influence of a La Nina that is currently developing  ( 75 per cent chance through February 2021 ) . Potential drought conditions will likely develop as a result of below average 2020 deyr  ( October to December ) , a harsh 2021 dry jilaal  ( January to March )  season and a possible delay and/or poor performance of the 2021 gu  ( April to June ) .
The current and projected levels of acute food insecurity and malnutrition in Somalia remain high although both the magnitude and severity are lower compared to earlier projections. This is in part due to support provided by the Government and large scale and sustained humanitarian assistance that have prevented the worsening of food security and nutrition outcomes across many parts of Somalia. According to the Somalia Food Security Cluster, an average of 1.85 million people received food assistance monthly from April to August. Approximately 400,000 people also benefitted from government led rural and urban safety net programmes. In April, the Government enacted a 20 to100 per cent tax exemption on imported food commodities in order to mitigate the socio economic impact of COVID 19 on the population.
With forecast below average 2020 deyr season  ( September to December )  rainfall, the risk of flooding is expected to be low, but flooding may still occur during the season and could cause additional damages. People living in flood prone areas along Shabelle and Juba rivers have been urged to remain vigilant as authorities and partners plan mitigation and response measures.
In coordination with other CCCM partners, IOM conducted a Safety Audit Assessment covering 139 registered sites in Kismayo. The aim of this audit is to determine risks and assess specific vulnerabilities and identify actions to reduce the risks. The CCCM partners used the analysed data in the Safety Audit Presentation Workshop to produce recommendations and action plans.
Wildfires increasingly occurred in Baidoa due to extreme dry weather conditions. To mitigate the impact of fire in camps, the CCCM team conducted fire prevention awareness campaigns in seven IDP sites in Baidoa.
[ General household information ]  The most commonly reported reasons for not taking action on COVID 19 were COVID 19 was not prevalent in the area  ( 73% ) , not at high risk of getting COVID 19  ( 23% ) .
The assessment recommends that humanitarian assistance be sustained through mid year to prevent Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  or Emergency  ( IPC Phase 4 )  outcomes for 2.7 million people.
[ PRE EXISTING VULNERABILITIES ]  88% households reporting having been displaced for longer than one year
It is important for IOM to build the capacity of communities. When boreholes are rehabilitated, they are handed over to the community. To ensure the water infrastructure will be maintained and continue to be operational in the future, Water Management Committees are established with members of the community to support with the maintenance of water infrastructures.
IOM provided essential health care services to IDPs, host communities, migrants and returnees through 30 static health facilities, 4 mobile clinics, 3 transit centers and 2 migrant reception centers.
Frequently clean up and waste management campaigns are organized by IOM to provide a healthy environments in IDP sites. Through these campaigns, everything related to the disposal of waste is explained to the community, as well as the negative consequences of waste on people's health, the spread of diseases, and the larger negative impact on the environment. Best practices are shared, and guidance is given on waste management.
IOM delivers and promotes accessible, equitable and comprehensive, preventive and curative health programmes which contributes towards the physical, mental and social well being of migrants, enabling them and host communities to achieve social and economic development. IOM aims to deliver basic health care services for migrants and mobile populations who face many obstacles in accessing essential health care services due to the recurrent drought and continuous conflict.
Recurrent droughts in South West State have damaged the agricultural sector.
Through the Peace Building Fund  ( PBF )  supported project to improve psychosocial and mental healthcare for conflict affected youth in Somalia, IOM consulted 192 persons  ( 96 men and 96 women )  on MHPSS services for youth and peace building initiatives in Doolow, Kismayo and Baidoa. The consultations contributed to the design of contextspecific activities and MHPSS services according to the needs of individuals, families and communities in the three locations. This project is implemented jointly with WHO and UNICEF.
Nutrition partners treated 218,364 new cases of severe malnutrition and provided treatment for moderately acute malnutrition to 386,820 children under 5 years of age and 118,525 pregnant and lactating women.
A number of activities needed to be modified or suspended due to COVID 19, such as Cash forWork and vocational trainings, due to the gatherings of people involved with such activities. In exceptional cases, including when partners put in place safety measures  ( such as PPEs )  to mitigate the risks, these activities are being continued.
Depending on the affected community's vulnerabilities, assets, capacities, and preferences, IOM provides identified populations with transitional shelters or more permanent structures through in kind and/or cash based intervention.
Similarly, GBV Information Management System 2020 data showed an increase in intimate partner violence  ( 55 per cent ) , physical assault  ( 61 per cent )  and rape  ( 12 per cent ) , compared to the 2019 figures: physical assault  ( 45 per cent )  and rape  ( 8 per cent ) .
Shelter support by IOM is mainly provided through Cash Based Interventions  ( CBI )  and frequently provided to communities with high numbers of vulnerability within households, including disabled, elderly and nursing or pregnant women, and female headed households. For those vulnerable groups, it can be physically challenging to construct or upgrade their shelters. Therefore, IOM trained 60 individuals on shelter construction/update techniques in order to assist the most vulnerable members with the construction and upgrading of shelters.
The CECs and teachers trained on COVID 19 preventive measures have been critical in supporting the re opening of schools by ensuring preventive measures are in place. UNICEF supported schools have staggered class routines for different grades and some schools have adopted double shifts to observe social distancing to mitigate transmission. Awareness on COVID 19 preventive measures have been ongoing among the learners.
The activities were led by 150 trained women community campaigners and 20 religious leaders. In Hobyo, in Mudug region of Galmudug State, a similar campaign will be organized. The training of 50 campaigners, including 10 religious leaders and members of IDP and host communities, on conducting COVID 19 awareness raising campaigns started.
IOM set up Community Feedback Mechanism  ( CFM )  desks, particularly for S NFI related complaints and feedback in Doolow, targeting both IDPs in Kabasa and Qansaxley IDP sites as well as the host community in Doolow. To make the CFM desk efficient, IOM trained the Doolow field team on CFM methodologies, tools, and techniques.
In July and August, 46 individuals completed the reintegration programme after disengaging from Al Shabaab. These individuals received 12 months of rehabilitation support at rehabilitation centers and 6 months of reintegration support through civil society partners. Several individuals have successfully set up businesses utilizing their livelihood start up grants and vocational training skills.
During the COVID 19 pandemic, IOM is actively reaching out to migrant returnees, displaced and host communities in Hargeisa and Bossaso with COVID 19 awareness information. As part of reintegration support to returning migrants, IOM created an opportunity for migrant returnees to conduct hygiene promotion activities. After a training on the delivery of hygiene promotion messages, they were engaged by IOM to support in COVID 19 awareness campaigns.
IOM and the Office of the Special Envoy for Migration  ( OSE )  conducted a joint needs and capacity assessment at Almond Centre, a transit and reception centre in Mogadishu. The center has also been supported by IOM with a donation of medical consumable supplies and hygiene kits in order to conduct screenings and provide medical support to returnees and migrants hosted at the center.
School reopening contributed to the increase in the number of children reached this month. Children released from armed groups and forces remained a major priority for UNICEF. There were 717 children who continued to receive reintegration support such as vocational training and shelter.
On 21 June, convoys carrying supplies of food and non food commodities to Gedo region could not be delivered owing to armed clashes between an Ethiopian convoy and Al Shabaab militants.
Insecurity continues to hamper the ability of humanitarian workers to reach persons in need and sustain operations for the delivery of much needed humanitarian assistance and protection services.
Additionally, 93 percent of MCHN beneficiaries participated in an adequate number distributions, indicating a high level of adherence. These improvements are attributed to the integration of nutrition Sensitive Social Behaviour Change Communication  ( SBCC )  which encourages uptake of recommended dietary practices among caregivers and pregnant and nursing women and strengthened community mobilization and sensitization.
Overall, 279 humanitarian organisations are implementing programmes in all 18 regions of Somalia. In May, 2.3 million people received food assistance, a more than three fold increase from previous months, while 1.8 million were reached in June.
Responses to desert locusts have equally been expanded. FAO and regional authorities have sprayed at least 31,086 hectares in Somaliland, Puntland and Galmudug, saving about 62,100 MT of staple foods.
Before the closures, WFP provided hot meals  ( breakfast and lunch )  to 165,000 school going children under the WFP school feeding programme  ( SFP ) . These meals enabled the children to meet their food and nutrition needs and contributed to improved school enrolment and attendance for better education achievements.
In support of the Government's response to emergencies, WFP moved 542 mt of supplies  ( 178 mt of COVID 19 and 340 mt flood related response )  to 15 field locations in Somalia. WFP provided lifesaving food assistance to over 64,000 people affected by the floods in Dolow and Mogadishu. The WFP eShop mobile application enabled 18,438 people to order food online for home delivery across Somalia with a total E Sale of US$ 830,955.
Target locations are Bari  ( Bossaso ) , Nugaal  ( Garowe ) ; Middle Shabelle  ( Jowhar, Balcad ) ; Lower Juba  ( Afmadow, Kismayo ) ; Bay  ( Baidoa, Dinsoor ) . Some $300,000 has been allocated to deploy protection monitors and apply monitoring procedures that will help maximise the impact of the anticipatory actions. This will ensure safe, dignified, equitable and meaningful access to humanitarian assistance, and essential services and resources,in communities at risk from the triple threat.
Compared to 2019, the results show an improvement in the quality and quantity of diets consumed by children and pregnant and nursing mothers
In a number of districts, the enforcement of COVID 19 prevention measures  ( such as curfew )  was occasionally ensured through use of force by security forces. As a result of economic hardship, people, in particular women and girls, have to venture further away from their settlements and get exposed to risks of violence  ( including GBV ) , also when going through check points, or coming back after curfew.
A desert locust infestation since January has affected 685,000 people, mainly in riverine areas and northern Bay, Bakool, agropastoral livelihood zones.
Several clusters, including camp coordination and camp management and protection, water, sanitation and hygiene and health, have received less than 35 per cent of the funding required, even after the humanitarian country team undertook an extensive reprioritization exercise in May.
UNICEF and implementing partners provided essential health services via health facilities and re instated outreach services to 34,426 children under 5, 22,056 women and 23,032 people from IDP and hard to reach populations. Recorded acute watery diarrhoea  ( AWD )  / cholera cases decreased by 45 percent in August compared to July  ( 281 vs 507 cases )  with only Banadir districts and Baidoa  ( Bay )  reporting patients.
Despite operational and access challenges, humanitarian partners have as of September reached over 2.3 million people  ( 87 per cent )  out of a target of 3 million. While $618 million  ( 61 per cent )  has been received under the $1.01 billion Humanitarian Response Plan as of 28 October, funding per sector remains disproportionate, with more than half of the clusters receiving less than 35 per cent of required funding
In September 2020, the cluster partners reached 102,973  ( 48,884 girls )  with Education in Emergency  ( EiE )  assistance representing seven per cent increase compared to the previous month. The partners also supported 51,771  ( 24,547 girls )  )  school children with teaching, and learning materials, 61,010  ( 28,586 girls )  with safe water and 51,041  ( 24,479 girls )  with emergency school feeding. About 52,962 school children  ( 25,843 girls )  were reached through COVID 19 prevention and control messages, bringing the total number reached with EiE assistance for the COVID 19 response to 444,891  ( 156,581 girls )  since March 2020. The partners also constructed and rehabilitated 744 learning centres.
Through the plan, $527 million was sought: $256 million for the humanitarian component and $271 million for the socioeconomic one. As at 11 September, $56.6 million  ( 25 per cent )  had been received to support humanitarian interventions related to the pandemic.
Market monitoring to ascertain functionality of markets and appropriateness of cash and voucher assistance is being conducted by different partners including FSNAU, WFP –VAM, the Logistics Cluster, WASH and Shelter Clusters, among others. The Somalia Cash Working Group  ( CWG )  using market data from these sources provides monthly monitoring updates looking at changes in the cost of the minimum expenditure baskets for both the full MEB and the food basket, people's ability to access markets, in addition to an overview of market performance  ( supply chains and port data ) . The CWG is in discussion on triggers to inform use of cash as a viable response at scale. However, Cash Voucher Assistance  ( CVA )  continues to be implemented in areas where partners are operational and using existing delivery mechanisms where possible.
MIGRANT PROTECTION AND ASSISTANCE  ( MPA ) : IOM continues to support vulnerable migrants through provision of direct assistance and basic services at Migration Response Centers in Hargeisa and Bossaso. IOM is also supporting vulnerable migrants returning from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and has resumed the Assisted Voluntary Return programme after months suspended due to COVID 19 movement restrictions.
IOM works to bridge humanitarian, development and peace/state building efforts and operationalize a paradigm shift from aid agency driven modalities to one where the government and community co design and lead their nationally aligned and owned programming. IOM's activities promote: durable solutions for returnees and IDPs; increased social cohesion; improved government capacities to lead on durable solutions at Federal Member States and district levels in urban and peri urban areas.
The multiplicity of local armed actors with varying command structures and geographical presence, rapidly changing national and regional forces and the presence of various bilateral support missions and AMISOM troops, together with regional interventions, result in an operating environment in which territorial control by loosely allied groups shifts regularly and chains of command and control are not always clear. Establishing and maintaining relationships with those who have influence over humanitarian access to persons in need is both challenging and uncertain.
IOM is supporting vulnerable communities in recently recovered areas through the construction of infrastructures providing crucial services to the communities. In Awdheegle, Lower Shabelle region, the construction of a mother and Child Health Centre started.
IOM has designed poetry workshops to stimulate conversations and creative expression about themes of social cohesion, such as identity, belonging, trust, acceptance, forgiveness and peace. The poetry workshops include various interactive storytelling exercises and poetry recitation. The storytelling and the conversations are used by the participants to compose their own original poems about themes important to them. The poetry workshops support the oral traditions of Somali culture, thus allowing the participants to reconnect with their own heritage. Fourteen individuals, currently enrolled in the reintegration programme successfully completed the poetry workshops.
In September, About 28 Food Security Cluster partners assisted 1,531,074 beneficiaries out of a targeted 2,103,495  ( 73 per cent ) . Due to mainly access constraints, the partners' responses in Bakool, Lower Shabbele and Middle Juba regions are less than 40 per cent of the target. The coverage in Banadir is also less than 10 per cent due to funding short falls. The beneficiaries reached through unconditional cash transfers are mainly those in IPC3 or worse that are experiencing significant consumption gaps.
Health Cluster partners are supporting the flood affected people in Afgoye, Marka, Belet Weyne, Jawhar, Biadoa to address gaps in emergency and provide essential care, reproductive health, mental health and GBV services, mitigating the risk of an outbreak and ensuring that services are taken closer to the IDPs especially those in Belet Weyne district. The partners are also responding to AWD/Cholera outbreak by providing case management to an healthcare facilities and Cholera Treatment Centers  ( CTC ) .
Reports further indicate that 27,000 IDP families in eight settlements of Alyasir Camp in KM50 are at risk of flooding as their shelters are located in low lying areas.
In 2020, UNICEF is appealing for US$ 129.1 million to sustain provision of life saving services including critical nutrition, health, WASH, child protection and education in emergency interventions, as well as cash based assistance for women and children in Somalia. Continued predictable, flexible and timely donor support is critical to sustaining vital response activities and preventing further deterioration of the situation. The contributions made in 2020 will enable UNICEF and partners to ensure the delivery of humanitarian assistance at scale as a result of droughts, floods and conflict.
With the Federal Government of Somalia  ( FGS )  projecting an 11 per cent decline in nominal GDP through 2020 , an economic slowdown threatens to impact negatively on access to livelihoods and income generating activities across Somalia, and to place additional pressures on households trying to meet basic needs.
CCCM Cluster systems are required to ensure equitable access to services and protection for displaced persons in informal settlements. Displaced people in informal sites are in the greatest need of CCCM services to reduce barriers to assistance, ensure access to quality basic services, enhance the accountability of humanitarian actors to affected populations, and strengthen community participation and empowerment through consistent engagement.
New Multi Hazard Early Warning Center in Mogadishu to help Somalia prepare for and respond to disasters
The cumulative impacts of the triple threat and other shocks are expected to lead to severe food insecurity. Therefore, $4.6 million  ( 31 per cent )  of the CERF grant was allocated to the Food Security Cluster to mitigate this impact by supporting the most at risk with unconditional cash transfers, cattle vaccination and desert locust control operations in Somaliland, Puntland and Banadir region.
A number of health partners have suspended services due to lack of funding leading to significant gaps in essential services such as PHC and MCH in disease outbreak prone areas in Belet Weyne, Bulo burto, Jalalaqsi, Marka, Afgoye, Walawayn, Balcad, Cadale, Kahwa, Wajid, Rabdure,Baidoa, Qansaxdhere and Kismayo districts. There is also scarcity of well equipped health facilities to respond to the increasing cases of GBV and weak referral systems for specialized treatment of GBV complications.
During the month of August, the emergency nutrition programme focused on the most fragile areas of Somalia with coverage of programmes critical to accelerate the reduction and prevention of excess morbidity and mortality related to severe acute malnutrition  ( SAM ) . As such, 159,993 children with SAM  ( 45 per cent of whom are boys )  have been admitted into the SAM treatment programme since January, 11,891 of which were admitted in August.
Most commonly reported barriers to using latrines, by % of assessed settlements: None available  ( 43% ) , not functional  ( 20% ) , and insufficient quantity  ( 16% ) .
The awareness raising campaign “Clerics vs. COVID 19', led by the Office of the Prime Minister and the Ministry of Religious Affairs has expanded awareness raising efforts to Federal Member States  ( FMS ) . At least 230 religious leaders in Jubaland, Puntland, Hirshabelle, and Galmudug have been engaged and are distributing 200,000 flyers with health messages and 34,500 face masks to the communities.
At least 7,530 suspected cases were investigated. Suspected cases were provided with at home care and isolation information. Relevant information was shared with local health authorities.
Partners have reported inadequate capacity and support, including incentives for frontline health workers and screening officers who are reportedly not able to handle the increased demands at POEs. Additional PPEs and infection, prevention, and control  ( IPC )  materials are needed at the POEs. Additional funding support needed at federal and state levels for reinforcement of POEs support and activities. A technical working group is needed to bring together the different agencies working at POEs beyond COVID 19. Overall additional support and funding to support procurement and transportation of the COVID 19 response supplies, training and reinforcement of capacity, incentive payment to health screeners, and coordination.
The  [ polio and measles immunization ]  campaign is being conducted by the Ministry of Health with technical support from the World Health Organization  ( WHO ) , the United Nations Children's Fund  ( UNICEF )  and other Global Polio Eradication Initiative  ( GPEI )  partners. It also provided vitamin A supplements and de worming tablets to children all amid a COVID 19 pandemic
In September 2020, the Child Protection AOR partners reached a total 71,697 people including 59,751 children, with child protection service  ( child protection messaging, Psychosocial Support Service  ( PSS ) , case management, Family Tracing and Reunification  ( FTR ) , alternative care and reintegration of children associated with armed forces and groups ( CAAFAG ) .During the reporting period, 1,843 new children at risk including unaccompanied and separated children  ( UASC )  were identified, registered, assessed, and provided with direct support and referrals based on a case plan. A total of 123,039 individuals  ( 52% children )  reached with lifesaving child protection messages.
At least 550 health workers and volunteers were trained on IPC, including virtual training in the local language. In Lower Juba, the Ministry of Health conducted IPC and case management training for 30 health care workers and distributed 2,000 face masks and 3,000 units of soap in Farjano Village.
On 30, August, a polio and measles immunization campaign that seeks to vaccinate close to 460,000 underfive children against the deadly diseases was launched in Mogadishu. The campaign continued until 3 September
At least 70 health workers were supplied with PPEs and triage stations with temperature checks and outside handwashing stations established at two Health Care Facility/Maternal Child Health Centres in Kismayo. As a prevention and control mechanism, Deh Relief Somalia  ( DRS )  has halted all biometric registrations for WFP and FAO respectively. This has helped control virus spread, but at the expense of beneficiary registration as the guidelines discourage gatherings of over 10 persons. CCCM partners, in close collaboration with Shelter partners, have identified sites that require decongestion, to promote social distancing between households. Partners are seeking local authority buy in and support. Two overcrowded IDP sites in Daynile are currently being piloted for the decongestion work.
In August, education partners reached at least 96,473 children  ( 45,916 girls )  with Education in Emergency  ( EiE )  assistance, bringing the total number of children reached with EiE from 1 April to 341,918  ( 156,581 girls ) . Of those reached in August, at least 46,902  ( 22,338 girls )  learners received teaching and learning materials, while 29,819  ( 14,575 girls )  were supported with access to the emergency school feeding programme.
Insecurity, lack of access, funding and operation challenges remain a major constraint for response. The U$256 million humanitarian component of the Somalia COVID 19 CPRP launched in April is only 31 per cent  ( $78.5 million )  as of 14 October.
Although there are many health and social challenges in Somalia, the GAP is leveraging emerging opportunities to strengthen primary health care to support the country in achieving UHC and other health related SDGs.
UNICEF has also supported gender capacity strengthening through multiple training sessions for Clusters to ensure the drought preparedness and response is gender responsive and inclusive, including access to gender based violence  ( GBV )  services and psychosocial support to separated or unaccompanied children.
IOM published the results of the Mobility Tracking Baseline Assessment Pilot that was conducted between February and May 2020 in Hiraan, Lower and Middle Shabelle. The Mobility tracking Baseline Assessment is used to derive quantitative estimates of the presence of a population category or categories in a defined area to support advocacy and inform operational planning and response.
Humanitarian organizations are experiencing road access challenges in 42 districts across the country. The deterioration of road conditions not only represents a barrier to trade and employment opportunities, especially for farming communities, but also an increase in the costs of transporting crops to markets, thereby undermining incentives to expand crop growth.
Based on persistently difficult food access due to low livestock holdings and other income sources, many poor households either have food consumption gaps or can only marginally meet their minimum food needs by selling animals at unsustainable levels
Response to the ongoing floods continue to be hampered by suboptimal funding. To support priority needs, the Somalia Humanitarian Fund  ( SHF )  Advisory Board has endorsed a US$9 million Reserve Allocation to the worst affected areas. SHF also continues to support COVID 19 related reprogramming requests from its partners. Thus far, 14 partners have reprogrammed $76,000 and requested no cost extensions thereby ensuring the continuity of ongoing responses in health, water, sanitation and hygiene  ( WASH )  and food security alongside the adoption of COVID 19 prevention techniques in line with cluster and Ministry of Health guidelines and standards
Approximately, 743,000 Somali refugees are hosted in other countries with the majority residing in Kenya  ( 255,754 ) , Yemen  ( 250,500 )  and Ethiopia  ( 186,215 ) , with the remainder in Uganda, Djibouti and Eritrea. In Kenya, the majority of the Somali refugees are in Dadaab camp however, some households are also residing the Kakuma camp.
The Productive Sectors Development Programme  ( PSDP )  supports government and private sector investments in Somali productive sectors that will generate economic growth and create and sustain jobs and economic opportunities  ( SMEs, businesses, etc. ) . It is adapting to COVID 19 by re prioritizing value chain development interventions aimed at boosting local production of goods in high demand due to the crisis.
In line with the multi partner REINTEG 3 Project funded by the European Union, and as part of continued efforts to promoting social cohesion and peace building, UNHCR plans to scale up awareness campaigns through CBIs for youth volunteers among IDPs, refugee returnees, the urban poor and host communities.
Local authorities in Gaalkacyo, Galmudug State, have appealed for urgent humanitarian assistance to drain stagnant water and rehabilitate latrines, as well as provision of hygiene kits, shelter, and non food items for those affected.
According to local health authorities, the immunization exercise was prompted by a recent measles outbreak in Mogadishu. From the beginning of the year, measles affected 744 children in the Benadir region, representing nearly half of Somalia's reported cases. The highly contagious infectious disease can cause a fever and rash among other symptoms in unvaccinated children, and the most serious complications of the illness include blindness, encephalitis, severe diarrhoea and related dehydration, and severe respiratory infections, such as pneumonia.
Mass immunization campaign against measles and polio campaign took place in all the 17 districts of Mogadishu with the aim of reaching out to 492,000 children, which was achieved. We also gave out Vitamin A and deworming tablets to boost their immunity and kill parasites,' says Mahamud Shire Mohamed, a Polio Eradication Officer with the World Health Organization  ( WHO ) .The campaign was organized by the federal Ministry of Health with support from WHO, the UN Children's Fund  ( UNICEF ) , the Global Polio Eradication Initiative  ( GPEI ) , and Gavi  ( the Vaccine Alliance ) .
We carried out the vaccination campaign after new cases of measles were confirmed in the city. Since measles is a deadly disease, we had to contain it to save our children, sensitise the public against the dangers of polio and measles, and make sure the children are vaccinated,' said the Director of Health at the Benadir Regional Administration, Mohamed Mahamud Adow.
The impact of the country's response to the COVID 19 pandemic meant even more challenges, in particular due to movement restrictions instituted in Mogadishu, which made it difficult for parents to take their children to health centres for routine immunization.
Faced with a sharp increase in number of cases, the local health authorities, with support from UN agencies, started a public sensitization campaign which encouraged parents, guardians, and caregivers to have children vaccinated at any of the 83 immunization centres organized in Mogadishu and its surrounds.
Anticipating that some parents would not be able to bring their children to the health centres involved in the mass immunization campaign, 1,200 outreach teams have been set up to sensitize families. About 3,300 community mobilizers went from door to door to encourage parents to bring their eligible children to nearby sites for vaccination, thus covering all the neighbourhoods in the Benadir region, which consist of around 2.7 million residents.
The number of people considered highly vulnerable is expected to increase due to the impact of COVID 19 on livelihoods and remittances.
From April to June 2021, food insecurity is expected to deteriorate among poor rural, urban, and displaced populations due to the impacts of anticipated, below average 2021 Gu  ( April June )  season rainfall, the high risk of continued Desert Locust infestation, likely continuation of the socioeconomic impacts of COVID 19, and protracted conflict.
Additionally, a long dry spell in late May/early June led to poor crop establishment, and desert locust reportedly caused localized damage in Oodweyne district of Togdheer region. However, grass fodder production is average to good, increasing access to income from labor and fodder sales.
During May 2020, protection partners reached a total of 72,284 individuals  ( 45 per cent children, 55 per cent women and girls )  with protection information and services. This represents a significant increase  ( 16 per cent )  compared to April 2020, reflecting a gradually restored ability to reach out to people in need of services in the COVID 19 context, as well as strengthened awareness raising efforts  ( regarding risk communication ) .
Somalia's health system infrastructure remains extremely fragile. There are only nine ventilators in the hospital that will receive the donation, insufficient to face a major outbreak.
Severe acute malnutrition rates among children are increasing, mainly among IDPs. According to the 2019 Gu results, GAM is 13.8 per cent with some areas having GAM rates over 20 per cent  ( over the WHO emergency threshold of 15 per cent ) .
A total 95,988 persons were reached in Abudwaq and Jowhar with COVID 19 information on preventive measures, social cohesion, stigmatization and psychosocial support