nlp-thedeep/humsetbias huggingface dataset:
The cost of the CCCM response has reduced from 34 Million to 32 Million, as a result of suspending and modifying some activities due to COVID 19.
Need for simplified, translated posters on COVID 19 prevention messages at POEs.
Lack of sufficient PPEs and IPC materials supplies for POEs.• Lack of isolation rooms for suspected cases as they await transportation to COVID 19 referral hospitals or centres.
Need to have standby health services at all PoEs, particularly airports and seaports, that are fully equipped with enough staff, equipment and reporting tools. This will ensure strict surveillance is maintained not only for COVID 19 but any other internationally notifiable diseases.
The Somaliland Shilling depreciated slightly against the USD. For instance, in Hargeisa, the exchange rate between local currency and USD increased from 8,500 to 8,530 SL SH. per USD
From October to December 2019, deyr rains led to flooding, affecting more than 547,000 persons, 370,000 of them displaced
The WFP e Shop mobile application services enables an estimated 140,000 WFP's beneficiaries, benefiting from CBT, to order goods online for home delivery. This service helps beneficiaries to reduce movement and physical contact in the context of the COVID 19 pandemic. In November, the total e sale value spend stands at USD 1.9 million.
Flooding in October 2019 has also contributed to increased cases of acute watery diarrhoea.
In the last week of November, traders in North Galkacyo rejected Somali Shillings on several markets because the Somali Shilling was devalued. This resulted in public resentment causing fear and civil unrest. .
Of the total displaced, around 167,000 people have been displaced since 1 September, mainly in Wanla Weyne  ( ~93,000 )  in Lower Shabelle, Jowhar  ( ~41,000 )  in Middle Shabelle, and Belet Weyne  ( ~28,000 )  in Hiraan regions. On 27 September, nearly 15,000 people were displaced, and more villages afflicted in in Jowhar District of Middle Shebelle, according to PRMN.
Xudur's blockade and restricted movement from rural to urban centres due to insecurity, contributed to increases in the prices of food.
The supply route between Mataaban and Beletweyne is unstable due to tension between rival clans; this is after abduction of vehicles by each other in the recent weeks.
Recommendations: Latrine rehabilitation/construction to mitigate the widespread practice of open defecation and the limited access to latrines in the assessed areas. Construction of gender disaggregated latrines and handwashing stations should also be considered
A total of 120,000 people were affected by the tropical Cyclone Gati which made landfall on 22 November in Iskushuban and Bosasso Districts, Bari Region in Puntland State. Approximately 76,000 people  ( internally displaced persons, fishermen, pastoralists, farmers, traders and other vulnerable groups )  in Somalia are in urgent need of emergency humanitarian assistance, including food assistance. WFP provided a two month ration food assistance to more than 56,000 people through distribution of inkind food and cash based transfers  ( CBT )  activities.
The cumulative positivity rate since the start of the COVID 19 outbreak in Somalia has declined gradually to 7 per cent while the cumulative case fatality rate stands at 2.6 per cent. Nearly 4,580 cases have been confirmed
Some 51 out of Somalia's 118 districts  ( 43 per cent )  are considered priority districts, and were visited by community surveillance teams in November 2020 for active case searching, contact tracing and awareness raising.
Funding per sector remains disproportionate; more than half of the clusters have received less than 35 per cent of required funding.
Given the scale of humanitarian needs, donors are encouraged to replenish the Fund as early as possible for 2021. Early and enough funding will advance SHF's ability to provide predictable, adequate and timely support towards immediate life saving response in Somalia.
As a result of favorable pasture and water conditions, conception among small ruminants  ( sheep and goats )  is medium to high. Conception among large ruminants  ( camels and cattle )  is low to medium as most of them have already conceived during the preceding  ( 2019 Deyr )  season and they have longer gestation periods. Lambing/kidding and calving follow a similar trend for the same reasons: medium to high for sheep and goats and low to medium for camels and cattle. Milk production and availability is below average in northern and central regions due to the limited number of milking/lactating animals. This is due to both:  ( 1 )  low to medium calving during the season, and  ( 2 )  below baseline livestock holdings in most rural livelihoods that have yet to recover from the extended cumulative impact of previous droughts. On the other hand, milk availability is average to above average in southern Somalia, except in Gedo where milk availability is low due to less favorable pasture and browse conditions.
[ WATER, SANITATION & HYGIENE  ( WASH )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Most commonly reported problems related to accessing sanitation facilities by households of IDP settlement were Lack of sanitation facilities  ( latrines/toilets )  / facilities too crowded  ( 34% ) ,Sanitation facilities  ( latrines/toilets )  are not functioning or full  ( 15% ) .
[ WATER, SANITATION & HYGIENE  ( WASH )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Most commonly reported problems related to accessing sanitation facilities by households of non  IDP settlement were Lack of sanitation facilities  ( latrines/toilets )  / facilities too crowded  ( 27% ) ,Sanitation facilities  ( latrines/toilets )  are not functioning or full  ( 18% ) .
[ HEALTH LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  43% of IDP settlement and 20% of non IDP settlement households found with a health Living Standard Gaps  ( LSG ) .
This means about 3 million school aged children are out of school. Enrolment figures vary across the country with the highest proportion of households reporting not sending any of their children to school in the following districts: 62 per cent of households in Banadir, 59 per cent in Middle Shabelle, 54 per cent in Lower Shabelle and 51 per cent in Awdal, Galgaduud, Bay and Nugaal, and 50 per cent in Sool .
At least 214,000 people have been affected by the Deyr rains and floods, mainly in Banadir, Jubaland, Hirshabelle, Galmudug and South West region since 23 October. Those affected include more than 53,000 IDPs and members of the host community in Baidoa town in South West State, whose living conditions were already dire.
In Jubaland State, the situation  ( floods )  is worsening, with more than 20 villages and pastoral areas surrounding Dhobley and Afmadow district affected. In South West State, swarms of locusts have been reported in Lower Shabelle and in the Bay region.
[ HEALTH LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  75% of Households of IDP settlements have not been able to access healthcare facilities in the six months prior to data collection while 5% of Households of IDP settlements have been able to access healthcare facilities in the six months prior to data collection.
The floods, along with COVID 19 and desert locusts, have significantly changed the humanitarian context in Somalia. Since April, the triple threat has compounded pre existing vulnerabilities, escalating humanitarian needs and hurting livelihoods – especially for low income earners and poor families.
Humanitarian partners have ramped up responses to the triple threat. Authorities and humanitarian partners have expanded flood assistance, but gaps remain in WASH, food, shelter and NFI assistance.
Violence against humanitarian workers has led to 11 being killed, 11 wounded and 23kidnapped, with seven of them being kidnapped and subsequently murdered in a single incident.
The median Global Acute Malnutrition  ( GAM )  prevalence has remained Serious  ( 10–14.9 per cent )  for the past four consecutive seasons  ( 11.8 per cent in Gu 2020, 13.1 per cent in 2019/20 Deyr, 13.8 per cent in 2019 Gu and 12.6 per cent in 2018/19 Deyr ) .
In Jubaland State, roads in Kismayo were reportedly impassable following flash floods on 2 November; made worse by poor drainage in the city. At least eight water pumps were reportedly submerged and semi permanent settlements in Kismayo destroyed
[ SHELTER & NON FOOD ITEMS  ( SNFI )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  24% of Households of IDP settlements reported a lack of documentation proving their occupancy status while 42% of Households of non IDP settlements reported a lack of documentation proving their occupancy status.
RCCE activities reached 1,763,106 people with COVID 19 prevention messages through door to door visits complemented by radio messaging and IEC materials.
Al Shabaab launched mortar attacks against Dhuusamarreeb airport in late October and early November. The second attack targeted an aircraft carrying the President of Galmudug as it was taking off and resulted in the temporary closure of the airfield, preventing the transport of humanitarian supplies.
In comparison, the 4.4 million non displaced people categorized as severely in need – Severity category 3 – face rapidly degrading living standards, physical and mental wellbeing, and an interrelated lack of access to basic needs, which could lead to the adoption of negative coping strategies that could cause irreversible harm in the future.
Protection and Camp Coordination and Camp Management  ( CCCM )  clusters remain significantly underfunded, with only about 18 per cent and 25 per cent of their requirements met respectively.
Health, Water, Sanitation and Hygiene  ( WASH ) , and Shelter and Nonfood Items  ( NFIs )  clusters are each below 40 per cent. Timely and strong support from donors is required to respond to existing needs and allow for a scale up where the situation is deteriorating.
[ PROTECTION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  18% of IDP settlement and 19% of non  IDP settlement were with a protection LSG.
Overall, around 685,000 persons have been affected by desert locusts.
The prices of vegetable oil are increasing in most markets in Somaliland due to limited supply in the market. 1carton of vegetable oil increased from $19 to $24  ( 26% ) .
According to the Famine Early Warning Systems Network outlook report of August 2020, humanitarian food assistance needs were high across Somalia, where the “stressed'  ( Integrated Food Security Phase Classification phase 2 )  and “crisis' levels of food insecurity remained widespread.
MHPSS continues to be not only an underfunded but also a neglected sector in Somalia. Little research and insufficient funds have been allocated by donors communities as well as by the public health authorities. This is largely associated with the nature of the protracted crisis, donor fatigue through the years and the needs arising from the current pandemic
In Bossaso, prices of fruits and vegetables remained the same as last week, except watermelons and oranges that increased by 8% and 10% respectively per Kg due to reduced supply.
Baardheere district has seen the arrival of hundreds of families from Gedo and other regions due to water shortages across Jubaland State.
Compared to non displaced households, displaced households tend to more often share latrines, use latrines that are insecure and have less access to hygienic materials than non displaced households.
One in five Somalis   2.7 million people   will face crisis levels of hunger between April and June, say experts from the Food and Agriculture Organization who monitor developing hunger crises in Somalia.
Local authority officials from Hudur travelled to El Berde and held talks with their counterparts on how to improve security and resume transportation of essential food and non food commodities from El Berde to Hudur.
On 26 January, the African Union ( AU )  called on the parties to de escalate tensions through dialogue.
A number of clans, sub clans, minority groups, and marginalised groups without any clan affiliation co exist beside each other in a delicate balance of power relations, political and economic influence, and access to capital and resources
66 oxygen concentrators were distributed to identified regional hospitals to support COVID 19 case management and critical patient care. Supportive supervision to isolation centres and on the job training to healthcare workers continued
5,300 people have benefited from emergency shelter assistance and 32,152 people have benefited from NFI assistance aimed at decongestion of about 237 IDPs sites  ( hosting 590,000 individuals )  at high risk of COVID 19 transmission.
MHPSS responses are challenged by existing security related access constraints in the country. This was further aggravated during the onset of COVID 19 along with ongoing displacement and violence, poverty, unemployment and substance abuse. Mental health and psychosocial support services in Somalia are already insufficient in terms of facilities and geographical coverage.
[ PRE EXISTING VULNERABILITIES ]  68% households reporting relying on unstable income sources to meet basic needs.
Respect for international humanitarian law and the onus on parties to the conflict to allow and facilitate access to those in need remain critical for the delivery of aid.
Confirmed Cholera cases as of 27th September were 5,8721 in 2020, with 281 cases in August and 250 in September. 30 deaths were reported with a CFR 0.5%.
UNICEF curative, promotive and preventive services were at the core of the nutrition response throughout 2020 with key preventive services including 201,505 children  ( 6 – 23 months )  who were provided with micronutrient powders and one million pregnant and lactating women receiving Infant and Young Child Feeding  ( IYCF )  counselling.
There was an increase in reports of water shortages in parts of Puntland and Somaliland, especially the coastal parts of Bari, Nugaal and Sanaag. By the second week of December, close to 500 pastoral families had been displaced in Puntland. Women and children remain most affected.
[ Specific locations assessed Baidoa, Mogadishu, Galkayo ] Over half of the households  ( 52% )  reportedly engage in negative coping strategies to access water. There are clear differences between population groups, with 54% of non displaced households resorting to negative coping strategies and 29% of displaced households reportedly doing so.
[ General household information ] Two most commonly reported preferred sources through to receive information about COVID 19 were Radio classes  ( 51% )  and SMS  ( 35% )
Women from minority clan communities are particularly vulnerable to forms of GBV.As such, urban areas often present very high risks for women who may be outside the protection regime of a dominant clan.
Cyclone Gati caused significant damages and livestock deaths in northeastern coastal areas in late November, though the rains ultimately alleviated dry conditions.
[ Specific locations assessed Baidoa, Mogadishu, Galkayo ]  The WASH sector PIN for 2019 found a total of 2.7 million people in need  ( PIN ) , representing 1.8 million non displaced and 0.8 million displaced. A total of 9.3 million were found to be affected and at risk of need if conditions deteriorate. The table below shows the estimated number of people  ( in million )  and share of the population for each severity phase and aggregate groupings such as affected, in need, and in urgent need.
UNICEF's curative, promotive and preventive services were at the core of the humanitarian response throughout 2020. Key preventive services included 201,505 children  ( 6 – 23 months )  who were provided with micronutrient powders, and one million pregnant and lactating women receiving Infant and Young Child Feeding  ( IYCF )  counselling. UNICEF continued to reach children with moderate acute malnutrition  ( MAM )  in areas where there are no targeted supplementary feeding services, following a simplified protocol for MAM treatment which reached 24,977.
[ Specific locations assessed Baidoa, Mogadishu, Galkayo ]  Malnutrition is a major issue in Somalia and WASH conditions are likely a contributing factor. Wasting  ( GAM WHZ< 2 )  prevalence's is estimated to be of 13% nationally, representing a “serious' severity classification that warrants a public health concern. The lowest district prevalence is of 8%; a “medium' severity, and the highest of 17%; a “critical' severity. Stunting  ( HAZ< 2 )  prevalence is of an estimated rate of 7% nationally, which is considered “low', and the highest district figure of nearly 9% is also considered low. It should be noted that this data from FAO is far lower than previous thorough nutritional assessments  ( 25% )  in Somalia
[ Specific locations assessed Baidoa, Mogadishu, Galkayo ]  Very few households reported using severe coping strategies that affect the household's future productivity and are dramatic or difficult to reverse. For example, selling productive assets, child labour, begging, and sexual exploitation are all self reported at less than 1%
[ Specific locations assessed Baidoa, Mogadishu, Galkayo ]  Difficulty in obtaining soap and menstruation materials were reportedly the main tertiary barriers. When asked what the difficulties for obtaining soap were, the majority of households reported that it was cost, at near four time that of the next most reported reason. For menstruation materials, cost was again the main reason, at more than twice that of the next most.
[ Specific locations assessed Baidoa, Mogadishu, Galkayo ]  The three most commonly reported coping strategies involved using soap substitutes: washing clothes with soap substitutes  ( 18% ) , washing hands with soap substitutes  ( 14% ) , and washing menstrual materials with soap substitutes  ( 8% ) . Also reported was to not wash hands with soap  ( 10% )  and wash hands or menstrual materials less frequently  ( 9% )
[ Specific locations assessed Baidoa, Mogadishu, Galkayo ] JMCNA data shows that around a third of the households  ( 37% )  reported having sufficient access to sanitation facilities so that they do not need to employ any coping strategy. Non displaced households  ( 42% )  were twice as likely to report sufficient access as displaced households  ( 21% ) .There were considerable geographic differences between districts, ranging from 1% to 86% of households reportedly using coping strategies, with households in the northeast and northwest generally using less coping strategies than households in the south and central; though this was less consistently reported than for water related coping.
[ Specific locations assessed Baidoa, Mogadishu, Galkayo ] During the JMCNA assessment, three quarters  ( 74% )  of households reported primary barriers to accessing sanitation facilities. The two most commonly reported barriers being access  ( 27% )  and waiting time  ( 16% ) . Waiting time was also the largest secondary barrier  ( 18% )  followed by latrines not being accessible to disabled persons  ( 14% )  and quality  ( 13% )
[ Specific locations assessed Baidoa, Mogadishu, Galkayo ] Non displaced households  ( 60% )  were reportedly twice as likely to have private latrines compared to displaced households  ( 32% ) . Latrines were found to be rarely separated by gender, which is a matter of particular importance to the population according to the FGDs, as detailed in the following section. Less than a third of latrines  ( 30% )  were found to be accessible for disabled people and many to lack basic fixtures such as lights, locks.
Overall, 955,000 IDPs need emergency livelihoods support, including asset creation and livelihoods training, while 37,000 rural IDPs require additional agriculture and livestock support like seed packages and animal vaccinations.
Population groups classified as Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  or worse require interventions aimed at reducing food consumption gaps, eradicating acute malnutrition, saving lives, and protecting and saving livelihoods.
[ Specific locations assessed Baidoa, Mogadishu, Galkayo ]  For those with access to a latrine, it is reportedly located within 15 minutes of their homes by foot for a large majority  ( 84% ) . Shared latrines reportedly remain common. Additionally, for those with access to a latrine, half of the households  ( 54% )  reported having their own while the rest  ( 46% )  would use shared facilities.
[ Specific locations assessed Baidoa, Mogadishu, Galkayo ]  Participants also stated that they would notify a community authority or government agency when facing water stress. Though this was reported as often being a first step that was followed by other coping strategies. Some participants spoke of community representatives organizing a collective response such as one of the other strategies listed, such as pooling money to buy water or contacting an NGO for assistance, demonstrating the existence and capacity of local institutions to address these challenges or at least coordinate a response
In Dhahar town, availability and prices of commodities is back to normal due to increased supplies in the market.
Given the rainfall forecast and current situation along the two rivers, there remains a high risk of flooding along the lower reaches of Shabelle and the entire Juba River, according to FAO/SALIM. In the upper reaches of the Shabelle River, a moderate risk of flooding is foreseen. Stagnant water from the Deyr rains is likely to increase the risk of the spread of water borne diseases and hygiene and sanitation challenges.
Several informal systems including religious leaders, clan elders and community groups have been in existence in a long time and continue to play a role in security provision e.g. through dispute resolution
[ Specific locations assessed Baidoa, Mogadishu, Galkayo ]  Purchasing water was mentioned by about a sixth of participants and from all strata without any significant group differences. FGD participants mentioned that when their primary water source became unavailable they would have to resort to purchasing water from private companies often through water trucks and at a higher price. Spending more time traveling can increase protection related risks and the resource burden on households, while having to purchase water can be a financial burden.
Surveys separately conducted in 2020 by the GBV Area of Responsibility  ( AoR ) , Child Protection AoR and UNICEF highlighted that protection risks and negative coping strategies have been compounded by school closures as a result of the COVID 19 pandemic: 35 per cent of children experience violence at home while there is also an increase in child labour, with 12 per cent of children engaged in forced labour without pay.
Amid declining livelihood opportunities, nearly half of all parents reported they could not provide basic needs to their children and access to educational services during the pandemic due to economic losses incurred by the outbreak of COVID 19.
[ Specific locations assessed Baidoa, Mogadishu, Galkayo ] Very few households reported using severe coping strategies that affect the household's future productivity and are dramatic or difficult to reverse. For example, selling productive assets, child labor, begging, and exploitation were all self reported at less than 1%. Reducing drinking and domestic water use constitutes a potential physical/psychological risk, depending on the amount reduced, and relying on seasonal water sources likely increases the risk of water contamination as well as travel time highlighting subsequent protection related concerns, as with sending children to fetch water.
[ Specific locations assessed Baidoa, Mogadishu, Galkayo ] The next most frequently reported coping strategies were reducing drinking water consumption  ( 9% ) , relying on seasonal water sources  ( 9% ) , and sending children to fetch water  ( 8% ) . The rest of the strategies has less than 5% response rate for the national population.
Illegal checkpoints between Mataaban and Bacda were removed by relevant authorities thus reducing the lead time in  ( supply chain management  )
There is tension between clans along the corridor connecting Mataaban and Beletweyne causing the transporters to use an alternative route.
In Buloburto, supply of commodities is low due to insurgents  ( A.S )  interference in the Beletweyne  Buloburto supply corridor. Transporters use small trucks which can only carry small amounts of commodities at a time
SRCS continued to maintain a good working relationship with the Government led interagency humanitarian coordination mechanisms with actors such as the World Food Programme, who were already supporting with emergency food and nutritional supplements for children identified with moderate acute malnutrition  ( MAM ) .
INGOs such as CARE International, Norwegian Refugees Council and ADRA supported with WASH, Health / Nutrition and shelter, among others. All these actors were coordinated by HADMA and UNOCHA, with SRCS active participation in the Interagency Coordination mechanisms.
The Somali criminal code classifies sexual violence as an “offense against modesty and sexual honor' rather than a violation of bodily integrity; it also punishes same sex relations.
Some agencies are also exploring ways to involve local administrations in the distribution of items  ( e.g. soap )  as part of the CPRP humanitarian component.
In Elwak border, the exchange rate slightly reduced from KES 112 to KES 108 per USD.
In Luuq, prices of vegetables slightly increased compared to last week due to low supply from Ethiopia.
The protracted exposure to climatic shocks over the years, coupled with the infestation of Desert Locusts and indirect impact of COVID 19, has contributed to a further reduction of the most vulnerable pastoralist and agro pastoralist coping capacities.
[ EDUCATION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  88% of households found with an education LSG. 88% found to be severe, 2% stress, 10% no or minimal.
[ EDUCATION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  33% and 63% of Households IDP and non IDP settlements respectively reported education of their children had been disrupted as a result of the COVID 19 outbreak.
In November, WFP provided specialized nutritious food items to more than 583,000 pregnant and lactating women and girls, and children aged 6 59 months under nutrition treatment and prevention of moderate acute malnutrition activities.
By 28 December 2020, donors had generously provided 81.6 per cent of the $1.01 billion requested in the 2020 HRP, enabling partners to reach more than 2 million people with life saving assistance.
According to the Federal Ministry of Health and the WHO country office, 12,698 suspected cases of COVID 19 were tested between 29 November and 19 December 2020, of which 165 were confirmed to be positive.
There are many local radio stations broadcasting in Kismayo and the surrounding areas: Radio Kismayo, Radio Bur kulan, Radio Soyal, Radio Waamo, Radio Star Fm and the sport related Radio Golis. Al Shabaab is able to broadcast in the region via Radio Andalus in Jamaame, Jilib and the surrounding areas
[ NUTRITION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  74% of the households found with nutrition living Standard Gap  ( LSG ) . 18% was found to be extreme, 56% severe, 23% stress, 3% No or minimal.
There was also a joint  [ online ]  session between the Health Cluster and the GBV Sub Cluster on guidelines developed to improve integrated response to increased cases of GBV during the pandemic.
[ General household information ] Two most commonly reported preferred sources through to receive information about COVID 19 were Word of mouth  ( 57% )  and Radio classes  ( 45% ) .
[ PRE EXISTING VULNERABILITIES ]  22% households reporting having at least one member facing discrimination due to age, disability, or heritage.
Over the period of the response, 19 isolation centres were established in Somalia. Due to low utilization, as only severe cases were presenting to the isolation centres, WHO has scaled down to 16 isolation centres with a capacity of 300 beds in 51 high priority districts.
Compounding other limitations for road movements due to insecurity along the main routes, these physical constraints further complicate humanitarian access across Somalia and contribute to the vulnerability of affected communities.
[ Specific locations assessed Baidoa, Mogadishu, Galkayo ] Access is likely the driving factor explaining these differences in handwashing practices as a majority of households  ( 79% )  reported having a handwashing facility within 15 minutes' travel time and less than a third of households  ( 30% )  reported a functional handwashing facility at their latrine. Non displaced households  ( 34% )  were reportedly much more likely to have access to a facility than displaced households  ( 20% ) .
[ WATER, SANITATION & HYGIENE  ( WASH )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Most commonly reported coping mechanisms used to deal with limited availability of water by household of Non  IDP settlement were Rely on less preferred  ( unimproved/untreated )  water sources for drinking water  ( 24% ) , Rely on surface water for drinking water  ( 13% ) .
[ PRE EXISTING VULNERABILITIES ]  18% households reporting having at least one member facing discrimination due to age, disability, or heritage
Health: In 8% of assessed settlements, health workers reportedly provided basic health services within the settlement. For these settlements, 50% reported that the healthcare workers provide health services once a month ,8% reported 2 3 times a month and 42% reported only once a week.
There no effective formal or informal system for solid waste management  ( SWM )  which covers the whole city. This results In health hazards, water contamination, and an overall poor urban environment.
144 complaints were made in Kismayo with complaints being tied to insufficient ration sizes for recipient households.
Aboore IDP site saw 11 complaints during the month requesting additional FSL support. For those who made complaints, 36% of individuals have a disability.
The Ninth Somali National Development Plan 2020 2024  ( NDP9 )  is a nationally owned and comprehensive strategy for poverty reduction and inclusive growth.
[ Specific locations assessed Baidoa, Mogadishu, Galkayo ] The next reported strategy was the use of unhygienic latrines  ( 13% ) . The most reported strategy was sharing facilities with other households  ( 27% ) , while households reported preferring to have their own private latrine. There were differences across population groups with 38% of displaced households reporting the use of shared facilities compared to 24% of non displaced households.
The town is fully covered by 4G portable internet and has a growing telecommunications industry with multiple internet service providers such as Hormuud, Global, Somtel, Tayocom and NationLink being present. Modern telephone systems are operative, with most urban residents enjoying mobile or landline access.
The absence of a centralised and enabling regulatory framework continues to pose extensive bureaucratic and administrative impediments to timely and efficient operational implementation. Counter terrorism measures imposed by some donors further constrain many partners' ability to respond to people in need in areas held by non state armed actors, even once access is negotiated.
30 complaints occurred during the month in Yaaqle IDP site with 50% complaints concerning WASH  ( availability of functional toilets )  and 37% complaints concerning education programming  ( lack of access to primary education ) .
Conflict which results in displacement is a major cause of limiting the residents access to health care. The high density of people in the IDP settlements makes them prone to communicable diseases outbreaks.
[ Specific locations assessed Baidoa, Mogadishu, Galkayo ] Fecal matter is of particular concern from a public health stand point in particular when considering the prevalence of open defecation  ( 13% )  and improper disposal of children feces, as reported in other sections of the JMCNA. Of concern is that 18% of households reportedly leave it in the open, while the most commonly reported methods were to dispose of it in a covered pit  ( 36% )  and burial  ( 35% ) . The remaining 10% of households reported burning it
Recent flooding, which started in October 2019, will only exacerbate the situation, as over 540,000 people have been affected and some 370,000 people displaced.
In South Galkayo, traders are not accepting local currency Somali shillings notes, the exchange rate is fluctuating between 45,000 and 50,000 SO SH. per USD.
Linked to the overall health and food security context, non displaced Somalis also face a range of barriers when attempting to access preventive nutrition services or treatment. This is predominantly due to a lack of awareness of available supplementary nutrition products and services, distance to services and difficulty in enrolling children in existing programs.
Construction of proper shelters made of wood and metallic materials with lockable doors contributes to the safety of the residents during nights.
Displaced children, and the children of the host communities they settle in, are particularly vulnerable and likely to be out of school. Despite the lower overall caseload compared to non displaced children, IDP children are more likely to be at risk of not accessing education with 37 per cent of displaced children in need compared to 25 per cent of non displaced children.
The volatile security situation is the primary factor which restricts the ability of humanitarians to reach people in need and sustain operations to deliver life saving assistance and protection services. Access is extremely limited in areas with military operations or ongoing hostilities, those controlled by non state armed actors, and in contested or blockaded areas. Sustained access in many parts of these regions is often restricted to more secured urban centres. As a result, aid operations are often forced to resort to costly and limited air access for both personnel and supplies.
The assessment results show a deterioration in levels of food security, first driven by drought conditions between late 2018 and May 2019, and then by below average and erratically distributed rainfall during the main Gu season  ( April June ) .
Vulnerable children enrolled in schools are continualy at risk of dropping out due to the impact of emergencies on the families, with girls facing a higher risk of being exposed to early marriage and violence.
Between March and May 2020, 546 000 people were affected, including 217 000 who were displaced  ( OCHA, 2020b ) . These heavy rains were then followed by a dry spell across parts of the country in May, which negatively affected crop production.
Despite political progress and ongoing efforts to strengthen government institutions, the Ministry of Education  ( MoE )  continues to lack the capacity to deliver basic education services for IDPs, children living in areas with ongoing conflict and marginalized groups living under the most challenging circumstances
[ Accountability to Affected Populations ]  47% of households reported having at least one member who could not read or write.
Two months after Somalia reported the first confirmed COVID 19 case on 16 March, the numbers have surged to 1,421 cases  ( 72 per cent male, 28 per cent female ) , 56 deaths and 152 recoveries as of 17 May, Somalia now has one of the highest numbers of confirmed COVID 19 cases in east Africa region.
Findings from the Information Management Systems 2020 indicate that 61 per cent of the GBV incidents comprise physical assault, 13 per cent rape, 12 per cent sexual assault, 6 per cent psychological/emotional abuse, 5 per cent experienced denial of resources and 3 per cent forced/early marriage.
In Somaliland, the isolation centre in Hargyeisa had admitted ten patients as of 15 May, of whom three were discharged. Currently 64 people are in quarantine in a hotel, but the authorities have prepared a quarantine centre in an empty school outside Hargyeisa. As of 18 May, 121 cases and nine deaths have been reported in Somaliland.
The crisis in Somalia has two primary drivers: conflict and natural disasters. According to the Protection Return Monitoring Network  ( PRMN ) , 270,000 people were displaced in Somalia between January and August 2019, of which 141,000 were displaced due to conflict and 112,000 due to drought6². Of those displaced this year, an estimated 40 per cent  ( 108,000 )  are school aged children. In total, there is about 2.6 million displaced people in Somalia and an estimated 1 million of these are school aged children
Strengthening the procurement capacity of the SRCS ( Surveillance Research and Communication Support )  needs to be prioritized since emergency humanitarian situations do not wait. There is equally the need for pre positioning of stocks.
Forced evictions continue to disproportionately affect IDPs and returning refugees. Forced evictions exacerbate existing IDP vulnerabilities such as marginalization, discrimination and social exclusion, particularly for IDPs who belong to minority groups, or who have lost clan protection because they fled to areas where their clan is absent or weak. Girls and female headed households are among the most vulnerable and face the greatest risk of gender based violence.
The prevalence of checkpoints and improvised explosive devices significantly limits road access across the country. Violence against humanitarian personnel often involves abduction, harassment and extortion. The seizure of assets and supplies is common, as is interference in the implementation of humanitarian activities. The physical environment and seasonal factors, such as the recent floods, further restrict physical access.
Cluster partners have reported that due to overcrowding, at least 237 IDP sites in different regions are at high risk for COVID 19 transmission and require decongestion both at shelter and settlement levels. Decongestion measures include basic site planning and provision of NFI and emergency shelter. Over 580,000 individuals live in these sites and need shelter, NFI and infrastructure support.
The legal and policy framework in Somalia, including the NDP , accentuates poverty reduction through inclusivity and aims to simplify and consolidate existing frameworks and mechanisms  ( including RRF, roadmaps, aid policy and architecture and the National Reconciliation Framework )
The negative impacts that drought, flooding, and armed conflict have had on agro pastoral livelihoods at the household level, have heavily contributed to erosion of resilience, due to changing livelihoods.
During the new academic year  ( 2020/21 ) , WFP has been forced to scale down its school feeding programme due to a funding shortfall, only retaining 62 percent of the previous coverage.
Partners considered several factors, including the distance between shelters, shelter type, availability of potable water source and access to health facilities in determining the high risk sites.
Destitution and severe food insecurity forces people to adopt hazardous or harmful coping strategies which often result in protection concerns such as early marriage, family separation, child labour, child recruitment, hazardous labour, movements into unsafe areas, or exposure to sexual exploitation or abuse
Exclusion and marginalisation of individuals and groups traditionally discriminated against further contribute to heightened risks and denial of humanitarian assistance, requiring a stronger focus on protection mainstreaming and concrete efforts to ensure equal access to safe, dignified and accountable assistance.
Drought like conditions are being experienced in Somaliland, Mudug and Galgaduud regions where people are facing acute water shortages leading to displacement. In Galgaduud, the situation is likely to deteriorate from January onwards leading to a spike in diarrhoea cases due to limited access to sufficient safe water.
Major reasons for displacement being : Drought  ( 68% ) , Floods  ( 20% )  and Conflict  ( 15% )
In November, 83,106 people  ( 24,931 girls, 29,087 boys, 14,960 women and 14,128 men )  were reached with WASH services.
Several critical problems have been identified in achieving protection of affected populations. Safety and security is a significant concern, as a result of armed conflict and violence, and substandard living conditions in IDP sites. People are exposed to risk of violence, as well as loss of property due to theft, accidental fire or flash floods and lack of security of tenure. Distance to communal services and livelihoods aggravates the risk of GBV for women and girls.
The non IDP population  ( due to lack of services )  are also affected by drought and chronic food insecurity, leading to malnutrition, which is a pre disposing factor to medical diseases and complications
Across targeted districts, IDP households are consistently the most vulnerable, both in terms of lower access to services and greater reported needs. Shelter and WASH remain key concerns for IDP households, with a significantly higher proportion of households reporting poor shelter conditions and inadequate access to water and sanitation facilities than non displaced households, and minority clan households having more pronounced vulnerabilities, especially regarding child labour practices and shelter conditions.
Dhusamareeb urban: 2020 Deyr assessment findings indicate a GAM prevalence of 5.8 percent and a SAM of 0.2 percent, indicating an Alert nutrition situation.
Baidoa urban recorded GAM and SAM prevalence of 9.0 percent and 1.2 percent, respectively, indicating an Alert nutrition situation.
In 2019, health and education needs remained unmet due to inadequate health facilities, access barriers for healthcare providers  ( with only 38 per cent of targeted people having received a medical consultation )  and barriers to learning opportunities  ( with only 24 per cent of targeted school age children reached )  contributing to risks of forced recruitment, abuse, child labour and early marriage for children who are not in school.
Hon. Khadija Mohamed Dirie, the Minister of Humanitarian Affairs and Disaster Management of Federal Government of Somalia said, ''I call on international community, Private Sectors and Civil Society Organizations to continue providing sufficient humanitarian funding to save lives and respond to the emerging signs of drought in the country.'
Burao Urban reported a GAM prevelance of 4.3 percent and a SAM prevalence of 0.5 percent, indicating an Acceptable nutrition situation.
Climate related displacement and migration are likely to increase, particularly for those whose livelihoods are influenced by droughts and floods; that can fuel tensions at the community and national levels and disrupt ongoing conflict resolution initiatives.
The majority of households with severe or extreme needs are located in the southern and central regions  ( Gedo, Bay, Bakool, Lower Juba ) . Comparing the current situation to last year, Gedo and Lower Juba still present some of the poorest humanitarian indicators, particularly in terms of low water and sanitation access, high proportions of households experiencing water borne diseases, and high proportions of households living in emergency or temporary shelter.
Most Somali households live on less than US$2 a day. Poverty remains a key barrier for both non displaced and displaced population groups. An inability to afford basic services is frequently reported as a main concern across clusters, while requests for cash assistance are common
Under development, conflict, political instability, displacement and climate shocks continue to put pressure on IDPs and rural and urban households in accessing basic services.
Despite substantial investment in the treatment of acute malnutrition, seasonal FSNAU assessments show that for many years the prevalence of acute malnutrition has remained above Serious, particularly for pregnant and lactating women suffering high acute malnutrition, and children under 5 affected by life threatening severe malnutrition
The prevalence of median global acute malnutrition has remained serious  ( 10 to 14.9 per cent )  in the past three consecutive seasons  ( 13.1 per cent in the 2019–2020 deyr season, 13.8 per cent in the 2019 gu season and 12.6 per cent in the 2018–2019 deyr season ) .
The Jubaland healthcare system is facing further strain after 20 health workers tested positive for COVID 19.
According to the Ministry of Health, four patients died due to COVID 19 during the week of 14 May. Total confirmed cases in Jubaland stand at 52.
The most vulnerable groups for the well being category are women of childbearing age, children under five, elderly, women and girls, men and boys, displaced people, pregnant and lactating women, young children, single headed households and people with disabilities including psychosocial disabilities. Among this group of people, an estimated 242,000 people are exposed to severe protection risks in districts under the control of armed groups or are directly affected by armed operations.
Moreover, prolonged conflict and instability have hugely impacted on the mental and psychological well being of the Somali people, compounded by limited mental health resources to address the needs of the population.
Notwithstanding the achievements realised in the past year, malnutrition is still prevalent in some regions and districts, indicating that the causal factors of malnutrition are largely context specific. In Somalia these include: climatic factors, insecurity, lack of basic health facilities, poor hygiene and sanitation practices, disease, limited humanitarian interventions, and structural poverty.
Prioritised problems and response approach: Climatic shocks, armed conflict and violence, as well as protracted and continued displacement, compounded by inequality, marginalisation and poverty have left 5.2 million Somalis in need of humanitarian assistance. This includes 3.5 million non displaced people, 1.7 million people displaced by conflict, insecurity, droughts, and floods, 108,000 refugees/returnees and 42,000 refugees and asylum seekers
Almost three decades of civil war, since 1991, have stunted the country's overall development. With limited institutional and fiscal capacity, Somalia is facing challenges to maintain and expand its public infrastructure – roads, electricity, water and sanitation – and develop the regulatory, governance and financing frameworks that could significantly improve the situation in the country.
People with disabilities, estimated as 15 per cent of the population, are at heightened risk of violence and abuse, a situation that is worsened by pre existing social stigma associated with intellectual and psychosocial disabilities.
Mental health services in Somalia are insufficient, in terms of availability, quality and geographical coverage. WHO estimates that the prevalence of mental health conditions in Somalia is higher than in other low income and war torn countries. One person out of three is or has been affected by mental illness. There are determinants that explain the high rate: overall insecurity caused by factors such as displacement, exposure to violence and conflict, poverty, unemployment and substance abuse
In 2019, a delayed and erratic Gu rainy season resulted in the poorest harvest since the 2011 famine and flooding. The spike in incidents of severe drought and flooding is a reminder that Somalia has become increasingly vulnerable to climate change.
Since 1990, Somalia has experienced 30 climate related hazards; 12 droughts and 18 floods, three times the number of climate related hazards experienced between 1970 and 1990. The severe drought that left the country on the verge of famine in 2017 was only abated by an above average Gu rainy season  ( April June )  in 2018, coupled with a sustained aid operation.
The Somalia 2020 HRP targets 3 million people out of a total of 5.2 million people in need  ( PiN ) . The total number of people in need has increased by 19 per cent  ( one million people ) , from 4.2 million in 2019 to 5.2 million in 2020, while people targeted for assistance has decreased by 12 per cent  (  400,000 people ) , from 3.4 million people in 2019 to 3 million in 2020.
Somalia is one of the most complex and protracted humanitarian crises in the world. Climatic shocks, combined with other persistent drivers of needs such as armed conflict and protracted/continued displacement, have left over 5 million people in need of humanitarian assistance