nlp-thedeep/humsetbias huggingface dataset:
All the camps has established health structures or access to mobile clinics and medical referral mechanism where vaccination activities and essential medicine distribution services are provided by health partners. 9% of camps reported cases of malaria.
73% of camps has access to a form of education in the camp or nearby. Over 60% of the camps need instructional and writing materials. As per access to a functional primary school, 28% of the camps do not have access to a functional primary school while 32% of the camps do not have accesst an alternative basic education.
Fire incidences are becoming increasingly rampant in IDP camps in Monguno, mainly during the dry seasons. Fourteen fire incidents were recorded between January and March 2020, affecting about 3,660 IDPs across seven camps. Six of the fire incidents that happened in March within less than two weeks resulted in the death of one person and affecting 1,158 people in 293 households.
6% IDP HHs and 6% HC HHs reported having at least one school aged child in the family not enrolled in school.For IDP HHs, the most common mode of transportation used to go to school was walking  ( reported by 59% of HHs ) , and walking for the HC  ( reported by 63% of HHs ) .
However, due to deteriorating security conditions, most INGOs have stopped their official staff road movements of staff since January 2020. Although the road is often temporarily closed due to military operations, civilians continue to use the route as the sole means to reach the community. Transportation of humanitarian cargo is still possible along the road.
Suspected Yellow Fever: Six  ( 6 )  suspected yellow fever cases were reported through EWARS from Jaragol Clinic  ( 1 )  in Bayo, Njimtilo Health Clinic  ( 1 )  in Konduga, Giwi Dispensary  ( 1 )  in Askira Uba, EYN Wamdeo  ( 1 )  in Askira Uba, ICRC Clinic in Monguno and Limanti Dispensary  ( 1 )  in Bayo. Three  ( 3 )  additional cases were reported through IDSR* from Askira Uba  ( 1 ) , Kala Balge  ( 1 ) , MMC  ( 1 )  LGAs making a total of 9 suspected yellow cases. No associated death was reported.
Agriculture is an important sector of the economy, contributing about 21.2 percent to GDP and 36.5 percent to employment. Industry and services contribute around 18 and 60 percent to GDP, respectively, the two sectors employing about 12 and 52 percent of the labor force, in that order  ( World Bank, 2018 ) .
45% of the camps in the displaced LGAs currently have access to vocational trainings. IDPs in all the camps can access a market in the camp or nearby.
Suspected Meningitis: Two  ( 2 )  suspected meningitis cases were reported through EWARS from University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital  ( 2 )  in Jere. No associated death was reported
Meanwhile, conflict affected households in northeastern Nigeria, particularly in northern Adamawa, Borno, and southern Yobe, will likely continue to experience Crisis and Emergency levels of acute food insecurity through September, FEWS NET projects. Food security conditions across much of northeastern Nigeria are deteriorating due to ongoing conflict in the Lake Chad Basin, which continues to drive displacement and limit households' access to livelihood opportunities, markets, and trade, according to FEWS NET
A total of 78,562HH need complete NFI kits. This include 14,288HH in Jere, 12,464HH in Monguno, 12,080HH in Maiduguri, 9,357HH in Dikwa, 6,879HH in Ngala, 5,247HH in Damboa, 4,578HH in Konduga, 3,764HH in Bama, 3,547HH in Gwoza, 2,300HH in Mafa, 4,058HH in Magumeri, Yola North, Yola South, Girei, Fufore and Kaga LGA. 47% of the sites reported that blankets/mats are the most needed NFIs while Kitchen sets are the second most needed NFIs in .
In total for 2020, 27 States have recorded at least one confirmed case across 125 Local Government Areas  ( Figure 2 and 3 ) .  Of all confirmed cases, 72% are from Edo  ( 33% ) , Ondo  ( 32% )  and Ebonyi  ( 7% )  States.  The predominant age group affected is 21 30 years  ( Range: <1 to 78 years, Median Age: 33 years ) . The male to female ratio for confirmed cases is 1:1.2  ( Figure 4 ) .  The number of suspected cases has significantly increased compared to that reported for the same period in 2019.
Out of 190 million people, 102 million are estimated to live under the poverty line. Most of the poor live in rural areas. Undernourishment affects 11.5 percent of the population, with wasting and stunting in children under 5 years of age being at 10.8 and 43.6 percent, respectively  ( SOFI, 2018 ) .
The main source of drinking and non drinking water at displacement sites is the borehole. Other sources of water supply include hand pumps, wells, water vendors and water trucking.75% of the displacement sites has an average wai�ng �me at water points less than 30minutes while 20% is between 30minutes and an hour and 5% above one hour.
Following increased cases of Acute Water Diarrhea reported since mid November 2019, partners have since intensified WASH response across all the 12 camps and host communities to ensure the continuous functionality of WASH facilities. Latrines are being dislodged and rehabilitated, and water points were chlorinated to manage the outbreak. WASH actors stationed at the cholera treatment centre  ( CTC )  responded by disinfecting and distributing hygiene kits and soap to the infected and neighbouring households, respectively.
More water supply facilities needed since access to water in IDP camps stands at 11.8 litres/person/day on an average compared to the SPHERE standard of 15 litres/person/day. More latrines are also required in IDP camps to meet the SPHERE standard of 50 people per latrine, given the current ratio of 61 people per latrine.
A total of 1,133 cases of measles were reported in 2019. A brief spike of cases reported in the last quarter of 2019 was brought under control, and since January 2020, only pockets of isolated cases have been reported among the new arrivals.
Insurgency and terrorism related violence associated with Boko Haram and ISWAP remain the driver of extreme insecurity across the North East of Nigeria and parts of the Sahel. A report by the United Nations Development Programme  ( UNDP )  reveals that 14 million people across the six states in the region have been affected by the conflict
Food insecurity remains particularly acute in hard to reach areas of the region, where households are likely facing similar or worse outcomes compared to conflictaffected households in more accessible areas. In a worst case scenario, a significant escalation of conflict in the coming months could put households in some inaccessible areas at risk of experiencing Famine levels of acute food insecurity, FEWS NET reports.
 Increased attacks along major roads used for transporting relief cargo, coupled with strict requirements on the part of the Nigerian military, have contributed to shrinking humanitarian space in northeastern Nigeria in recent months. Notably, an estimated 7.9 million people were in need of emergency assistance in northeastern Nigeria as of early March, with increased insecurity restricting humanitarian access to at least 1.2 million people, according to the UN.
In the face of collapsed livelihoods, some residents of the communities have relied on menial jobs and learned new skills to make a living. Women made efforts to provide for their families by venturing into various businesses including – knitting, hair making, clothmaking, amongst others.
• 88% of latrines in Borno and Adamawa are func�onal while 12% are damaged. • 6 sites in 4 LGAs  ( Girei in Adamawa state, Jere, Konduga and Maiduguri in Borno state )  do not have latrines on site.• 54% of latrines across 104 sites in 16 LGAs need gender marking. • 5,182 latrines needs desludgement across 78 sites in 14 LGAs
The forced displacement and influx of people resulted in internally displaced persons  ( IDPs )  and host communities having to share public spaces and facilities. This has resulted in increased competition over scarce resources and social services. This development has intensified conflicts between the host community and displaced persons.
The insurgency significantly disrupted social and economic life  ( agricultural practices, business, etc. )  with many residents now living in abject poverty and displaced from their homes.
• The insurgency has exacerbated the precarious situation of communities caused by inability of the government to provide security, lack of access of community members to farmlands, lack of access of community members to markets  ( local and international ) , reported extortion by security agents, poor coordination among security agencies, lack of capital for business start ups, and lack of formal training for vigilante and local hunters.
Recent a�acks affected 677 individuals, including 4 injuries and 11 fatali�es, in Batsari and Dan Musa LGAs  ( Katsina )  and Kajuru LGA  ( Kaduna )  between 1   4 June 2020. The a�acks damaged major buildings and facili�es causing people to flee to neighboring communi�es.
The insurgency has led to worsening of social problems including a high rate of sexual abuse, theft of all kinds, teenage pregnancy, gender violence, high rate of communicable diseases such as HIV/AIDS and cholera, high rate of drug abuse in the communities.
Malnutrition: 1,179 cases of severe acute malnutrition were reported through EWARS in week 12. Of the reported cases, 85 were from Gajiram FSP in Nganzai, 58 were from Kurbagayi MCH in Kwaya Kusar, 39 were from Umaru Shehu Hospital in Jere, 38 were from Muna Garage Camp Clinic A in Jere, 35 were from General Hospital Ngala  ( FHI360 )  and 30 were Muna Garage Camp Clinic B in Jere. No associated death was reported
Suspected Yellow Fever: Two  ( 2 )  suspected yellow fever cases were reported through EWARS in week 4 from Rumirgo PHC in Askira Uba  ( 1 )  and 777 Housing Estate Clinic in Konduga  ( 1 ) .
• 86% of the total showers are func�onal while 14% need to be repaired. • 18 sites in 4 LGAs  ( Girei in Adamawa state, Konduga, Jere, Maiduguri and Dikwa in Borno state )  do not have shower on site. • 1,661 showers needs to be repaired across 76 sites in 16 LGAs
The livestock sector is an integral part of agriculture and vital to the socio economic development of the country, though its productivity currently is very low. It contributes around 1.7 percent to the national GDP and around 9 percent to the agriculture value added.
As of 01 April 2020, Nigeria has confirmed a total of 174 cases, 163 of which are currently receiving care, two are dead, and nine recovered and discharged. More than half of the cases contracted the virus after returning from high risk countries, 10% of the cases are contacts of already confirmed cases, and the remaining 36% of the cases have incomplete epidemiological information. Affected States include Lagos, Ogun, Osun, Oyo, Edo, Rivers, Ekiti, Bauchi, Kaduna and the Federal Capital Territory.
Approximately 1.2 million people remained inaccessible to humanitarian actors in northeastern Nigeria alone as of late December, according to the UN. Meanwhile, the threat of OAG violence on main roads has similarly impeded humanitarian access across Diffa in recent months, relief actors report.
Ongoing conflict and resultant displacement are disrupting livelihood activities in northeastern Nigeria, threatening food security across northern Adamawa, Borno, and southern Yobe in particular. As a result, populations in the affected areas will likely continue to experience Crisis IPC 3 and Emergency IPC 4 levels of acute food insecurity through September, according to the Famine Early Warning Systems Network  ( FEWS NET ) .
FEWS NET projects that households in some inaccessible areas of northeastern Nigeria could also experience Famine IPC 5 levels of acute food insecurity if conflict escalates in the coming months. Approximately 324,000 people in Far North will likely face Crisis or worse levels of acute food insecurity from June to August, a period encompassing the peak of the lean season, according to the most recent Cadre Harmonisé analysis.
From week 1 to week 51, 21,045 suspected measles cases were reported in Borno through EWARS. In week 51, 16 suspected measles cases were reported through EWARS and additional 13 cases was reported from IDSR across the state. Overall there's a total of 102 measles associated deaths reported through EWARS from MMC  ( 66 ) , Bama  ( 14 ) , Nganzai  ( 5 ) , Askira Uba  ( 2 ) , Damboa  ( 2 ) , Biu  ( 2 ) , Mobbar  ( 1 ) , and Magumeri  ( 1 )  LGAs on EWARS  ( CFR: 0.48% ) . Of 294 samples sent to the lab, 284 samples were tested and 165  ( 58% )  were IgM positive. The outbreak affected 37 IDP camps in 11 LGAs in Borno state.'
34,505HH are headed by vulnerable popula�on with 33,317HH being headed by women  ( >18 years )  while 1, 188HH are headed by children  ( <18 years ) .
A health worker, positive for COVID 19, died in Borno State on 18 April. The stealth of the virus in the extremely congested living conditions coupled with high prevalence of comorbidities, including high incidences of chronic malnutrition and endemic malaria, measles, cholera and Lassa fever, may have serious implications. Social distancing recommendations would be impossible to apply in the highly congested IDP camps. As many as 400,000 IDPs could become infected.
There were 387 suspected cases, 81 confirmed cases and 10 deaths recorded from 34 LGAs in 28 states and FCT  Two new healthcare workers were infected in Edo and Bauchi states.
Following the attacks by non state armed groups  ( NSAG )  on 28 May and 9 June, during which more than 100 civilians were killed, 2 additional attacks took place in Borno State on 13 June in Monguno and Nganzai.
The impact on the food security and nutrition situation would likely be very tangible, affecting population that were until now not in need of humanitarian assistance. World Food Programme  ( WFP )  estimates that a COVID 19 outbreak would result in an increase in the number of food insecure individuals by 3.4 million, almost doubling the already high number of food insecure people. Moreover a COVID 19 outbreak could severely hamper the capacity of humanitarian actors to serve affected communities by impeding supply chains and resulting in substantial delays for the delivery of life saving relief to the 7 million in need.
Since November 2019, access to provide health services remained a major challenge across many locations, particularly in Borno State, as Health Sector partners rely on UNHAS helicopters to reach the communities. Many organizations providing health services restricted their staff from using roads due to the insecurity, further limiting access to populations in need of critical medical services.
In September 2018, heavy rains were experienced in Nigeria which caused severe flooding in 129 Local Government Areas  ( LGAs )  of 12 States which affected 2,321,592 people, based on the National Emergency Management Agency  ( NEMA )  situation report. An estimated 722,741 people were internally displaced, and 351,236 people had immediate humanitarian needs in food; shelter; water, sanitation and hygiene  ( WASH ) ; and health.
In Nganzai, where there was limited security presence and no health facility, at least 30 civilians and 6 combatants were killed.In Monguno, a major town hosting 150,000 IDPs and many humanitarian actors, at least 4 combatants and 2 civilians got killed, and 40 civilians got wounded and are treated in an EU supported hospital.
Malaria: In Epi week 4, 4,981 cases of confirmed malaria were reported through EWARS. Of the reported cases, 405 were from General Hospital in Biu, 210 were from Mairi PHC in Jere, 198 were from Gwange PHC in MMC, 187 were from Uba General Hospital in Askira Uba, 179 were from Shuwari Host Community Clinic in Damboa, 140 were from GSSSS IDP Camp Clinic Bama, 114 were from Wandali PHC in Kwaya Kusar and 103 were from Gumsuri clinic in Damboa. One  ( 1 )  associated death was reported from Whitambaya Dispensary in Hawul.
On 17 September, the NEMA declared a state of emergency in four of the worst affected states  ( Niger, Kogi, Anambra and Delta ) , where thousands of communities had been forced to evacuate from submerged settlements and seek refuge in temporary Internally Displaced People  ( IDP )  camps. As the Niger River continued to flow above danger level, and additional dams were released, a state of emergency also was declared in five more states  ( Rivers, Bayelsa, Taraba, Kebbi and Adamawa )  on 11 October 2018. The flooding situation exceeded thresholds of local capacity to respond to the people in need.
The floods resulted in rapid population displacement, destruction of shelters, extensive losses to livelihoods and the local economy, in addition to high rates of water borne diseases among the affected population and their host communities. Internally Displaced Persons staying with host communities were particularly susceptible to cholera and other water borne diseases due to the poor access to potable water, hygiene infrastructure and medical care in those locations. These challenges also impacted displaced people in IDP camps, who similarly lacked access to basic water and sanitation services.
On March 19th, 2020 a circular from Federal Ministry of Education has granted an approval for the closure of all school for a period of one  ( 1 )  month commencing from Monday 23rd March 2020 to prevent the spread of the Corona virus  ( COVID19 ) . Each State in North East Nigeria has contextualised this circular. In Borno State, on 20th March 2020, the Governor appointed the Deputy Governor to head Borno's response team and asked the team to tighten IDP camps and directed that schools close in one week.
Acute Respiratory Infection: In Epi week 4, 6,872 cases of acute respiratory infection were reported through EWARS. Of the reported cases, 263 were from ICRC FSP Clinic in Monguno, 254 were from General Hospital Ngala  ( FHI360 ) , 231 were from FHI360 clinic Banki in Bama, 225 were from Damboa MCH in Damboa, 206 were from Shuwari Host Community Clinic in Damboa, 191 were from ICRC GGSS IDP Camp Clinic in Monguno, 185 cases each from 1000 Housing Estate clinic Dikwa and INTERSOS Health Facility Gamboru in Ngala and 184 were from Sabon Gari Lowcost IDP camp clinic  ( MDM )  in Damboa. No associated death was reported.
Not only will the closure of schools affect close to 46 million students throughout the country, 4.2 million students in BAY States, the most vulnerable groups of children targeted by the education partners through the mechanisms of the HRP are likely to be impacted the most.
During the period 30 May to 5 June 2020, 140 movements were observed at twelve Points of Entries in Adamawa and Borno states. Of the total movements recorded, 35 were incoming from Extreme Nord, 22 from Nord and 1 from Centre in Cameroon.
Suspected Measles: Sixty five  ( 65 )  suspected measles cases were reported through EWARS in week 4. Of the reported cases, 38 were from Magumeri MCH, 5 were from Monguno MCH, 4 were from Hausari IDP camp clinic  ( MDM )  in Damboa, 3 cases each from ALIMA GSSS IDP Camp Clinic in Monguno and General Hospital Biu, 2 cases each from Guwal Clinic in Kwaya Kusar and Zabarmari PHC in Jere. One  ( 1 )  case each were reported from Abbaganaram MCH in MMC, ALIMA Bakassi IDP camp clinic in Monguno, Dalaram PHC in Jere, FHI360 clinic Banki in Bama, FHI360 PHC Damasak in Mobbar, INTERSOS Health Facility Gamboru in Ngala, Njimtilo Health Clinic in Konduga and State Specialist Hospital in MMC. Five  ( 5 )  additional cases were reported through IDSR* from Dikwa  ( 1 ) , Damboa  ( 1 ) , Gwoza  ( 1 )  and Kwaya Kusar  ( 2 )  LGAs making a total of 70 suspected measles cases. No associated death was reported.
In 2019, more than 180,000 people were forced to flee their homes, some for a second or third time since the beginning of the crisis, mainly due to increased attacks. Access to land and livelihoods has become more difficult for most people affected by the crisis. Violations and abuse of international humanitarian and human rights law remain pervasive.
In November 2019 NSAGs attacked the Banki humanitarian hub disrupting humanitarian services for more than one week. No casualties were recorded but facilities in the hub and the nearby mobile storage unit  ( MSCU )  were damaged.
• Banki borders with Cameroun. Throughout the crisis civilians have fled from the communities into Kolofata, Minamawo and Maroua in neighbouring Cameroun. Banki town was captured by Boko Haram forces on 2 nd September 2014.
Urbanization has significantly increased, but due to lack of adequate resources the infrastructure is poor – causing problems with traffic in bigger towns – and access to public services is poor.
The security situation outside Banki town remains volatile, and concerns about the protection of civilians remain high. Freedom of movement is restricted due to a curfew after 6pm.
About 20 per cent of the IDPs live in makeshift structures at the reception centre and need shelter, while slightly over 25 per cent live in communal shelters, and over 50 per cent live in solid wall shelters. About 25 per cent of the IDPs need mosquito nets and around 50 per cent lack access to safe cooking facilities.
There is also a significant number of IDPs returning from Cameroon. More than 75 percent of the IDPs registered in the camp come from Kangaleri, Charianari, Bama, Konduga, Kumshe, Nduguno, Dipchari, Jere and Minwawo, many of which are considered inaccessible.
Malnutrition: 1,013 cases of severe acute malnutrition were reported through EWARS in week 4. Of the reported cases, 60 were from Fori PHC in Jere, 39 were from Gamboru C MCH Clinic in Ngala, 38 were from Yimirdalang PHC in Kwaya Kusar, 28 were from Kuda Lawanti Health Clinic in Nganzai, 26 were from Farm Centre Camp Clinic in Jere and 22 cases each from Mafa MCH and Malla Kachalla PHC in MMC. No associated death was reported Neonatal Death: 2 neonatal deaths were reported in week 4 from General Hospital Magumeri  ( 1 )  and Chabbol PHC in Konduga.
About 400,000 IDP children attending some form of learning in the camps and host communities will be affected by the stoppage of learning activities. Planned activities for the first and second quarter of 2020 will not be completed as planned. The education system in North East was already stretched before the coronavirus pandemic as a result of multiple crises and population displacements.
There is an increase in reported cases of children associated with armed forces and groups  ( CAAFAG ) . New arrivals do not have access to NFIs, especially cooking utensils, to prepare the food provided for them. There is also limited access to cooking fuel  ( firewood ) .
Over 70 per cent of women and girls have access to GBV medical services. However, access to justice for survivors of GBV and other affected populations is a significant concern as there is no capacity to prosecute perpetrators of violence, including SGBV, because there is no law court in Banki. Vulnerable women and adolescent girls have engaged in skills acquisition at the four existing safe spaces in the camp.
Ngala: 126 arrivals were recorded in Ngala LGA of Borno State all due to poor living condi�ons. The arrivals include 89 from Fotokol and 37 from Makary in Logone et Chari Department of Far North Region in Cameroon.
The availability of water is slightly above the minimum SPHERE standard of 15 litres per person per day. Chlorine dozers have been installed at the water points to improve water quality and water purification tablets and bucket chlorination are provided as complimentary activities where required.
On 23rd January the Borno State Ministry of Health declared Lassa fever outbreak while in Adamawa the outbreak was declared on 29th January by the State Ministry of Health. As of 31st January, 2020, a total of 14 Lassa Fever cases i.e. 8 in Borno  2 confirmed and 2 deaths while 6 cases 1 confirmed 1 death were reported in Adamawa state. Currently, a total of 203 contacts have been identified and are being followed up. In response to the outbreak declaration, The State ministry of Health and Health Sector partners have activated the Public Health Emergency Operations Centre  ( PHEOC )  for a coordinated response to the outbreak.
Access to education for IDPs remains limited due to an insufficient number of functional schools and teachers. There are about 17,389 children of school age in Banki IDP camp, and less than 50 per cent are attending formal education.
Newly arriving IDPs do not have access to education as space in the existing schools is inadequate to accommodate them. The few learning centres managed by partners are grossly insufficient for the children population.
Access to farms and livelihood activities within the security perimeter established by the military is limiting livelihood opportunities. As a result, the population is highly dependent on humanitarian assistance. • The humanitarian community is unable to secure/access additional land to build new or extend existing camp for the construction of new shelters.
New arrivals do not have access to schools as there are no facilities to accommodate them. The few available learning centres are grossly insufficient for the children population. There is only one ambulance, making it challenging to facilitate the referral of patients with complicated medical cases.
There is a need for more child protection partners and sensitization programs to mitigate substance abuse in the camp. • Access to justice for survivors of GBV and other affected populations is a significant concern.
Nine  ( 9 )  new cases were reported from 16th to 30th December, 2019 from Yola North, Yola South and Girei LGAs.Total case count now stands at 851 with 4 deaths. CFR=0.47%. WHO supported the SMOH to officially declare the cholera outbreak over in a press release on the 28th of January, 2020. This was following no case reporting for 2 weeks since the last reported case on the 31st December, 2019. Left over stocks and materials have been properly secured in the center for future use.
Assessment findings in individual camps revealed significant rates of sexual exploitation akin to sex trafficking, with respondents in NYSC camp  ( 62% ) , Teachers Village camp  ( 50% ) , Doro camp  ( 41% ) , Gubio camp  ( 39% ) , Mogcolis camp  ( 37% ) , Dalori 1 camp  ( 61% ) , Dalori 2 camp  ( 56% ) , Bakassi camp  ( 77% ) , Farm Centre camp  ( 61% ) , Muna  ( 2% ) , Goni Kachallari  ( 2% ) , Custom House  ( 2% ) , Madinatu  ( 59% ) , and El Miskin camp  ( 58% )  saying they were aware of such incidents. Respondents in all 14 camps reported significant challenges – including difficulty in getting firewood, irregular food and water supply, and poor shelters – as major factors fuelling sexual exploitation in the camps.
During the period of 23   29 March 2020, a total of 1,076 movements were recorded, composed of 739 arrivals and 337 departures. Arrivals were recorded at loca�ons in Askira/Uba, Bama, Dikwa, Gwoza, Jere, Mobbar, Monguno and Ngala Local Government Areas  ( LGAs )  of Borno State. Arrivals were also recorded in Girei, Gombi, Hong, Madagali, Michika, Mubi North, Mubi South, Numan, Song and Yola South LGAs of Adamawa State
Female IDP, mostly single women under 20 years of age, are often sexually exploited when on their way to collectfirewood or water; when begging for money on the streets; and when spending nights on the streets as a result of poor shelters in camp. A significant number of respondents reported meeting persons who demanded sex from them when they begged for money on the streets  ( 12% ) ; when on their way to collect firewood some kilometres away from their camps  ( 14% ) ; and when they spent nights on the streets due to poor shelters in their camps  ( 5 per cent ) .
Moderate to high levels of labour exploitation, some of which constitute labour trafficking, was reported by 51 per cent of respondents in 14 camps surveyed. The assessment shows that large numbers of IDPs, including women and children in all 14 camps, move to cities like Gombe  ( about 424 km south west of Maiduguri )  and Kano  ( about 590 kilometres west of Maiduguri ) , and to neighbouring countries like Niger to find work, which is, in some cases, promised by agents. Respondents generally attributed their search for jobs to the fact that food supply by NEMA, which is usually done once in a month, was inadequate and that they needed to earn more money to meet the demands of their families.
The country's economy is stagnant; unemployment is widespread; the poverty rate is high and per capita income low; life expectancy is low and diseases widespread; the environment is polluted.
Although most IDPs who go out of their camps in search of jobs often fall victims to labour exploitation, it is difficult to tell whether or not these movements constitute human trafficking. Therefore, it is important to look at the vulnerabilities to trafficking. Up to 6 per cent of respondents in Muna, Dalori 1, Dalori 2, Goni Kachallari, Custom House, Madinatu, and El Miskin camps reported being approached by persons who offered them jobs when they went to collect water some metres away from their camp. Lack of energy/fuel to constantly power the boreholes available in the camps was reported by key witnesses as the reason for water shortages in the camps.
People living in the H2R  ( hard to reach ) areas are vulnerable population groups due to their limited access to services and insecurities related to the living circumstances in conflict areas.The presence of IDPs and returnees suggests the movement of people into the H2R area, which could increase transmission of COVID 19. Returnees in particular pose a risk because most return from a larger garrison town. These towns are likely to have cases of COVID 19 before the H2R areas.
Critical levels of out of school children were reported, with 72% of respondents pointing to moderate to high numbers of primary school age children not accessing education, which means that the majority of children in IDP camps do not receive the information sessions about human trafficking dangers that a few NGOs give in many schools, especially in Maiduguri.
Respondents attributed the low number of children attending school to the fact that parents generally cannot cope with paying some of the levies that are required for children in public schools while many others have withdrawn their kids from school because of the far distances their children walk to achieve education.
In Farm Centre and Madinatu camps, 39% of respondents reported moderate to high levels of trafficking to the Gulf region and North Africa. It was not possible to ascertain why trafficking of IDPs to the Gulf region and North Africa was peculiar to Farm Centre and Madinatu camps
Gwoza: 90 arrivals and 20 departures were recorded in Gwoza LGA of Borno State. The arrivals include 21 from Dure/Wala/Warabe ward of Gwoza LGA, 19 from Wudil LGA of Kano State, 15 from Girei LGA of Adamawa State, 10 from Bama LGA and 8 from Maiduguri metropolitan council of Borno State respec�vely. Other arrivals include 9 from Mokolo and 8 from Mora in Cameroon. Reported departures were all from Shehuri/Hausari/Mairi ward of Bama LGA in Borno State. All the recorded new arrivals were due to poor living condi�ons with all departures reportedly voluntary.
However, serious security gaps were noted in the two camps. Security officials in Farm Centre often did not do adequate checks on persons who visited the camp, only sometimes recording names and addresses of visitors without finding out the purpose of their visits and without keeping records of movement of IDPs in and out the camp. The situation was worse in Madinatu, where there was no presence of either state or civil security officials and where there were no records of IDPs in the camp and visitors assessing the camp.
The Health sector estimates that 5.5 million people across Borno, Adamawa and Yobe states will need humanitarian health assistance during 2020. Continued health care delivery in all priority locations including IDP camps, will be needed, as well as extension of health services to hard toreach areas and underserved communities.
Askira/Uba: 106 arrivals were recorded in Askira/Uba LGA of Borno State. The arrivals include 65 from Husara/Tampul ward of the same LGA, 36 from Mubi North and 5 from Madagali LGA of Adamawa State. 71% of the new arrivals reported to have relocated due to improved security, 24% due to poor living condi�ons while 5% relocated voluntarily.
Moderate to high levels of poor camp security was reported by 70% of respondents in camps in Jere LGA  ( Goni Kachallari, 48%, Muna, 70 per cent, Madinatu, 88 per cent, El Miskin, 93 per cent )  and in Doro camp, 49 per cent, in Maiduguri. Generally, camps in Jere LGA did not have tight security measures in place  ( except for Custom House where state and civil security officials are present ) , as IDPs go out of camp freely without seeking permission from camp leaders unlike in camps in Maiduguri  ( except for Doro )  where individual IDPs have to request a pass before stepping out of their camps.
Most IDPs have been displaced once  ( 68% ) , while 24 per cent have been displaced two times, 7 per cent have been displaced three times and 1 per cent have been displaced more than three times. In Borno, 56 per cent of displaced persons said they have been displaced more than once. Forty five per cent of IDPs in the most affected State of Borno said they were displaced only once.
The security situation outside Monguno town remains volatile, and concerns about the protection of civilians remain high. Freedom of movement is restricted by a curfew from 8 PM to dawn and ¬2km security perimeter around the town. Displaced populations continue to arrive regularly in Monguno, generally from insecure areas such as Baga, Kukawa Doro, Marte and Kekeno. These individuals are normally screened by the Nigerian military upon arrival.
An exhaus�ve nutri�on screening using monitoring of symptoms of acute malnutri�on mid upper arm circumference  ( MUAC )  and Oedema was conducted by Nutri�on Sector partners for 74 children of 6 59 months. Of the 74 children screened, the MUAC reading was: 2 children  ( 1 each from inaccessible and accessible areas )  in the Red category, 7 in the Yellow category and 65 measured in the Green category. No cases of Oedema were reported in the 4 LGAs that reports were received from.
The results also include 52 children from neighbouring Cameroon and Republic of Niger. Of these arrivals, 4 children moved to Bama, 3 to Gwoza, 10 to Mobbar and 35 to Ngala; 1 of the 52 arrivals were screened into the Red category, 44 in the Green category and 7 in the Yellow category. All childen found with acute malnutri�on have been admi�ed for treatment.
As of 1 March 2020, a total of 58 contacts, including 5 healthcare workers have been identified in both Ogun  ( 39 )  and Lagos  ( 19 )  states. The contacts are currently in self isolation and being monitored by health workers for 14 days from the day of the last exposure to the confirmed case.
Security personnel in Farm Centre, Madinatu, and El Miskin camps in Jere LGA and in NYSC, Teachers Village, Dalori 1, Dalori 2, and Bakassi camps in Maiduguri, as well as their colleagues who regularly visited these camps, were reportedly involved in acts of sexual exploitation against female IDPs, some of which constitute sex trafficking. Victims are often forced, intimidated or promised better living conditions by security officials to get into sexual acts. The team found that exploitation occurs more with single girls below 18 years of age and with divorcees or women whose husbands were killed in their communities during the conflict in the north east region.
Livestock contribute to grassland degradation and biodiversity loss; make inefficient use of water; negatively affect public health because of zoonoses and livestock driven anti microbial resistance; and marginally support people's livelihoods.
87% of assessed settlements with no access to a functional health service  ( 88% )  reported that the main barrier to accessing health services is that they are either destroyed or never existed.
Production has marginally increased with respect to today in all production systems. It has increased the most in the commercial and agro pastoral sectors.
With 1.6 million IDPs living in congested camps at a bare minimum of recommended sphere standards of 45 sqm per person, decongestion of camps is an immediate and urgent priority to accommodate 424,515 individuals who are having a surface area less than 19 sqm per person for living space and reduce the risk of transmission.
There will be more frequent contacts between animals, humans and wildlife, which will increase the risk of the emergence and spread of zoonoses and emerging infectious diseases.
farmers have sufficient capital to purchase inputs as well as access private veterinary and other services. There is no any significant productivity improvement in pastoral systems, because of lack of finance and limited public services.
The low consumption of animal source foods increases food insecurity and widespread malnutrition reduces the capacity of the population to deal with shocks.
Cross River State: As of 09 April 2020, 288 COVID 19 cases have been reported in Nigeria, 51 persons discharged, and seven deaths recorded. As of 31 March 2020, 57,809 Cameroonian refugees have been registered in Akwa Ibom, Benue, Cross River, Imo and Taraba States. Five cases of COVID 19 have been reported in Akwa Ibom and one in Benue. So far, no case of COVID 19 has been confirmed among Cameroonian refugees in Nigeria.
Recent killings in North west Nigeria by armed bandits are echoing old concerns. The region has grown to become an epicentre of ruthless killings. Combative tactics by the Nigerian state have not stopped the massacre from continuing. In the last two years, the government of the federation have alleged the connivance of some traditional rulers in terror affected areas with bandits.
The increase accessibility in two wards in Gubio was the only change in the most affected State of Borno. On the other hand, accessibility decreased in two wards in the State of Gombe, increased in one ward in the State of Taraba and there was a net increase by one accessible ward in the State of Yobe. Overall, accessibility increased from 790 to 792 wards
Out of the total incidents of SEA recorded in 2019, 87.5 per cent of the incidents were perpetrated against adults, while 12.5 per cent against children under 18 years of age. Since 2009, about 15,000 civilians have been killed in the BAY states.The threat of the COVID 19 pandemic in the BAY states is high considering that around 35 per cent of health facilities have been destroyed or partially damaged due to the conflict.
These fire incidents highlight the acute living conditions, which will likely rise in light of the deteriorating security and food situation. Moreover, it will be complicated by the threat of the COVID 19 pandemic.
Currently more than 2 million IDPs are in North East Nigeria. By the summer of 2020, about 3.7 million are expected to be food insecure  ( an increase of 128% since summer 2019 ) . Hundreds of thousands of these people are in areas inaccessible to humanitarian actors.
Latest attacks affected 636 individuals, including 98 injuries and 11 fatalities, in Matazu LGA  ( Katsina )  and Agatu LGA  ( Benue )  between 13   14 June 2020. The attacks caused people to flee to neighboring localities.
While the COVID 19 pandemic presents a potentially era defining challenge to public health and the economy and its long  and short term consequences on affected population in BAY states remained to be fully understood, some immediate effects will be on humanitarian aid flows due to restrictions. Significant disruptions of food, nutrition, health, water and sanitation supplies, and demands will impact people's well being.
Results show that the average daily number of individuals observed in May, at the FMPs in Nigeria, was 691. This represents a 2 per cent decrease compared to the daily average of April 2020. The 2 per cent decrease from the previous month is as a result of movement restriction and travel guidelines imposed by the Federal Government of Nigeria as a response to the increase in communal transmission of Covid 19 virus. Nigeria, Niger, Chad, and Cameroon were the main countries of departure and intended destination for individuals passing through FMPs.
But even while this brutal incident shook the country, media reported the harrowing case of a 12 year old girl gang raped by 11 men in Jigawa state emerged, generating further outrage. The Police have arrested the 11 suspects.
The pandemic has prompted widespread fears that Covid19 could spread to the over 2 million internally displaced people living in Nigeria's conflict affected northeast. While humanitarian actors have rushed to develop contingency plans in preparedness for an outbreak, the situation of displaced people in Lagos reinforces the need for prevention and response to extend beyond the northeast to include displaced people in Nigeria's cities.
Following confirmation of the first COVID 19 case in Borno, the World Health Organization  ( WHO )  and partners are moving rapidly to help health authority in the state to identify, test and treat cases in order to prevent and control further outbreak of the disease.
Nigerian media regularly carry stories of gruesome violence against women and girls, and an ensuing lack of justice. An estimated two million Nigerian women and girls are sexually assaulted annually, according to Nigeria's Minister of Women Affairs and Social Development, but few of these cases are reported, let alone prosecuted, due to the stigma associated with being a rape survivor, fear of reprisals, and distrust of the authorities.
The first case of COVID 19 was reported 51 days after the country declared an outbreak of COVID 19 disease. As at 20 April 2020, in Nigeria 665 cases have been confirmed in 25 out of 36 States, including Borno, and the Federal capital Territory,
The unprecedented health security threat has undermined national and global economic activities following the shutdown of businesses, airlines and the stay at home orders by some governments. In addition to these responses, it is pertinent to begin to explore how the novel coronavirus can exacerbate local conflict dynamics in weak states where the consequences of the pandemic are likely to assume a calamitous scale.
For over a decade, North eastern Nigeria and the adjourning areas of Chad, Niger and Cameroon have been subjected to persistent attacks by Boko Haram and Islamic State West Africa Province  ( ISWAP )  terrorists.
In addition to the death of over 35,000 persons, activities of the terrorists have also forced over two million persons to flee their homes and livelihoods  ( Kangdim, Umut, and Sait, 2020; Ebohon and Aghedo, 2018 ) .
The security situation in northeast Nigeria remained volatile throughout 2019, with ongoing conflict continuing to fuel and create humanitarian needs. By December 2019, 1.84 million people had fled their homes, with 77,152 persons becoming displaced over the preceding twelve months2. This included large scale population movements into Maiduguri, Monguno and Damboa towns.
Results show that the daily average number of individuals observed in May 2020 at the Kano FMP was 606, a 5 per cent decrease compared to April 2020. The decrease in movement flow could be attributed to the fear of COVID 19. Meanwhile, the closure by the authorities of international land border crossings to undercut the spread of the COVID 19 has opened room for more unofficial international land crossing borders. Zinder  ( 51% ) , Maradi  ( 31% )  and Diffa  ( 12% )  in Niger, Ndjamena  ( 5% )  in Chad and Centre  ( 1% )  in Cameroon were the regions of departure for travellers passing through Kano, whereas Zinder  ( 57% ) , Maradi  ( 23% )  and Diffa  ( 13% )  in Niger, Ndjamena  ( 5% )  in Chad and Centre  ( 2% )  in Cameroon were the regions of destination of observed flows
Ongoing hostilities continued to reduce access to vulnerable populations. This became particularly pronounced in the second half of the year, when Nigerian security forces reinforced its positioned in large towns  ( “super camps' )  and withdrew from smaller towns and roads, especially across Gubio, Magumeri, and Nganzai Local Government Areas  ( LGAs )  and along the Maiduguri Damaturu and Maiduguri Monguno roads.
In 2015, the Nigerian federal government enacted the Violence Against Persons  ( Prohibition )  Act, a law aimed at banning all forms of violence and providing justice for such crimes. Its adoption marked the successful completion of a 14 year long campaign by women's groups and gender activists seeking better legal protection for women and girls.
Of all confirmed cases, 72% are from Ondo  ( 33% ) , Edo  ( 32% )  and Ebonyi  ( 7% )  States.Lassa fever outbreak emergency phase declared over on the 28th of April 2020 based on composite indicators national threshold
By the end of the year, the number of inaccessible people was estimated to have risen to more than 1.2 million , with humanitarian actors unable to reach many areas due to lack of security assurances by conflict parties. In addition to the threat of being caught in active hostilities or being targeted in attacks, humanitarian actors continued to face a series of bureaucratic impediments. Alongside military restrictions that limit the movement of humanitarian goods  ( including fuel ) , both civilian and military authorities introduced additional administrative processes hampering operations.
But five years on, the law is only applicable in Nigeria's Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, and in the 9 out of Nigeria's 36 states that have ratified it. While some states have relevant domestic violence laws, violence against women is still disturbingly pervasive and survivors continue to face formidable barriers, from reporting to police, to getting health care, counseling, and legal aid.
A total of 65,333HH need complete NFI kits. This include 10,085HH in Monguno, 10,069HH in Dikwa, 9,676HH in Maiduguri, 8,838HH in Ngala, 5,252HH in Gwoza, 5,147HH in Jere, 4,156HH in Bama, 3,527HH in Konduga, 2,842HH in Damboa, 5,741HH in Magumeri, Yola North, Yola South, Girei, Fufore, Kaga, Mafa LGA. 39% of the sites reported that blankets/mats are the most needed NFIs while Kitchen sets are the second most needed NFIs in .
A total of 1,705,567  ( or 274,818 households )  returnees were recorded in the DTM Round 32 assessment, an increment of 31,705 or 2 per cent from the number  ( 1,673,862 )  recorded in the last round of assessment that was conducted in February 2020. The aggregate, however, masks some notable fluctuations in the numbers of returnees which was mostly on account of two wards in Borno's Gubio ward becoming accessible.
Forty LGAs were assessed for returnees in Adamawa, Borno and Yobe during this round of assessment which is one more than those assessed in the last two rounds of assessments. All three states showed an increment in returnee numbers
Out of the 33,409 movements recorded, 4,442 movements were recorded from neighbouring countries which composed of 3,725 IDPs and 717 Returnees. Of these arrivals, 3,903 were from Cameroon, 401 from Republic of Niger and 138 from Chad. Sixty two per cent of the new arrivals reported to have relocated due to poor living conditions, 36 per cent relocated voluntarily, 1 per cent relocated due to fear of attack, and the remaining 1 per cent relocated due to conflict/attack and improved security.
Women and girls in Nigeria have a right to live in dignity and free from violence. The authorities should adopt and enforce laws to ensure they can do so. Reform also requires police accountability, a more sensitive and responsive criminal justice system, and a concerted public campaign to address gender based violence. The authorities should start with ensuring #JusticeForUwa.
Covid 19 is both heightening and bringing to the fore the vulnerabilities of Lagos' displaced population, typically invisibilised in the city. The lack of consideration for displaced people in the planning of the shutdown shows that the city lacks the social structures to support vulnerable citizens in emergencies. Yet loss of income due to Covid19 threatens to significantly increase the number of poor people in Lagos and have severe consequences for the city's sustainable development.