nlp-thedeep/humsetbias huggingface dataset:
WHO continued to support the Somali government with the collection and transportation of COVID 19 samples across the country.
This year, over 18,000 SGBV survivors have been supported by the Protection Cluster.
Lack of mobile phone network creates difficulties for child protection partners to support remote case management and other services.
More than 150,000 Somalis have been forced to flee their homes since late June, including some 23,000 in the last week alone, due to flash and riverine flooding in the Southern regions of Somalia.
[ PRE EXISTING VULNERABILITIES ] 80% of households reporting relying on unstable income sources to meet basic needs
Despite these interventions, however, more humanitarian support is needed to address insecurities in food, water and sanitation, emergency shelter and health services.
Food, water and shelter remain top priorities for the IDPs in Somalia.
At least 900,000 face masks and 16,728 digital thermometers are needed to support the safe reopening of schools.
In addition, the number of people visiting health centres for routine care dropped considerably because of a lack of public transport and other means to access facilities as well as a fear of contracting COVID 19
Measures to combat waterborne and communicable diseases, including immunization, are underfunded or simply not in place in several areas. Similarly, there's a severe lack of mental health support, which in turn affects longer term wellbeing and productivity. Malnutrition, trauma and non communicable illnessess remain threats
The already disrupted healthcare system is overburdened, fragmented, under resourced and ill equipped to provide lifesaving or preventive services. Those who are displaced or marginalized face high barriers to healthcare access and, consequently, high exposure to disease
Drought, the unavailability of water and poor pasture continue to provoke protection concerns, as conflict for resources leads to inter communal fighting and subsequent displacement.
The main drivers of shelter needs in Somalia are conflict, drought, flooding and evictions. 2.2 million people are in need of shelter and non food item  ( NFI )  assistance.
Prior to the pandemic, Somalia already had the highest rate of Female Genital Mutilation  ( FGM )  in the world, with around 98 per cent of women aged 15 to 49 having undergone the practice, according to the findings of the national demographic survey.
With COVID 19 sweeping the globe, more than 20 million people worldwide are confirmed to have been infected, including more than 19,000 people of concern to UNHCR, a number which is almost certainly not reflective of the reality
CCCM partners included recommendation on direct identification and registration of beneficiaries without the use of intermediaries, however with support of joint project implementation committees representing also marginalized groups, women and youth.
In addition, WHO and the UN Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction are supporting national partners in Somalia, among other countries, by training health workers on baseline Female Genital Mutilation  ( FGM )  prevention and care.
Nutrition partners mentioned also the importance of comprehensive referral pathways to provide services to identified survivors of rights violations and abuse.
Needs based targeting regardless of displacement status was recommended and importance of Complain and Feedback Mechanisms restated. CFM needs to ensure that complaints are followed up on immediately and corrective measures are implemented timely to build trust in the efficiency of such mechanisms.
[ MUTLI SECTORAL NEEDS ]  Among households with multi sectoral needs, highest need was of Education  ( 94% ) , followed by WASH ( 87% ) , Shelter ( 91% ) , Nutrition ( 56% ) , Health ( 18% )  and Protection ( 13% )
HLP Area of Responsibility  ( HLP AOR )  partners continued to advocate for the implementation of the moratorium halting evictions during COVID 19 from April   to date. As a result, evictions were halted for a three month period preventing 44,246 people  ( 32,774 in August )  from being forcibly evicted. The provision of specialized legal counselling and assistance to affected and at risk groups was scaled up and cases that required additional support from other sectors were referred for further assistance and support. These activities were mainly implemented in Banadir, South West, Jubaland, Puntland and Somaliland.
At least 21,000 women, boys, girls and men benefitted from GBV services and information, while another 15,760 people gained knowledge on GBV prevention and response and linkages with COVID 19 prevention in 15 locations. Some 365 individuals trained on GBV risk mitigation and referrals for survivors, bringing the total of trainees to 2,096 since March.
On 23 June, Puntland and Galmudug authorities successfully reopened the strategic main supply route connecting the two parts of Galkayo  ( the Puntland   controlled north and the Galmudug controlled south ) .
In Somalia, the Durable Solutions Initiative  ( DSI )  was agreed between the Federal Government of Somalia, the Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary General and the Resident and Humanitarian Coordinator in 2016. The DSI is based on the premise that solutions to displacement can only be attained through strong Government leadership and collective efforts of humanitarian, development and peacebuilding partners, and with the inclusion of IDPs themselves.
The forced eviction of IDPs from their settlements has remained at high levels in 2019, with more than 200,000 people reportedly evicted by the end of September.
Food insecurity is expected to rise due to loss of income and disrupted food supply chains
[ Displacement ]  Top three reported reasons for coming to current location were: To join family/community  ( 24% ) , Availability of work/income opportunities  ( 24% ) , Presence of water ( 19% ) .
[ MUTLI SECTORAL NEEDS ]  100% of IDP settlement and 99% of non IDP settlement households found with multi sectoral needs.
As of 11 May, the revised 2020 Somalia Humanitarian Response Plan is only 16 per cent funded  ( US$200 million out of a requirement of more than $1.1 billion ) .
The latest assessments show constantly rising numbers of IDPs, despite improving conditions in the region.
190 Government social workers played key role in reaching with community based mental health and psychosocial support  ( MHPSS ) , COVID 19 prevention awareness and distribution of protective materials.
[ SHELTER & NON FOOD ITEMS  ( SNFI )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  91% of the household found with Shelter and Non food items ( SNFI )  living Standard Gap  ( LSG ) . 5% found to be extreme+, 20% extreme, 66% severe and 9% stress and 0% No or minimal.
In September, 15,755 children were treated with severe acute malnutrition  ( SAM )  in UNICEF supported programmes.
The Logistics Cluster facilitates dedicated cargo airlifts on behalf of the Government and key humanitarian partners, upon request. This includes transportation of passengers, medical teams and supplies, samples and provision of storage facilities.
In July, UNHCR newly registered 190 refugees and asylum seekers, including 73 newborn babies. Of these 190 newly registered refugees and asylum seekers, there were 102 Syrians, 74 Ethiopians, 13 Yemenis, and 1 Lebanese.
[ EDUCATION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  16% and 22% of Households IDP and non IDP settlements respectively reported education of their children had been disrupted as a result of the COVID 19 outbreak.
Recessional cultivation is underway, but off season crops will not be harvested until September or later.
More people risk being displaced as flooding is likely to continue in certain regions. According to the latest flood advisory report by the UN Food and Agriculture Organisation, the Shabelle River's water levels will continue to rise due to heavy rains.
The latest floods point to a worrying pattern where extreme weather conditions are increasing in frequency and intensity. Prior to June 2020, flash floods and riverine flooding caused by seasonal rains displaced more than 450,000 in the country.
The women in Hargeisa produced 7,746 face masks, among which 3,224 were sold, while in Baidoa the women produced 4,635 face masks  ( none sold in July )
Despite good livestock prices, the high price of imported rice and local maize is diminishing the purchasing power of poor pastoralists
The UN partnerships ensured that essential health care services were maintained, humanitarian needs of vulnerable people were met and the response to COVID 19 continued.
As at the end of July, more than 505,000 individuals have been displaced and some 1.3 million affected by the Gu and Hagaa seasonal rains and floods.
[ Displacement ]  Top three reported reasons for leaving previous location were: Drought 33%, Actual conflict/ fear of conflict in community or surrounding area 18% and Lack of livelihood opportunities/job.
Continuity of critical WASH interventions to mitigate post floods and cholera impact, especially in high risk locations such as displaced sites and at points of entry, is critical
There are over 2,000 recorded IDP sites across Somalia. Approximately 85 per cent of the sites are informal settlements on private land and about 74 per cent of them are in urban areas according to the Detailed Site Assessment  ( DSA ) .
[ PROTECTION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  92% and 88% of households of IDP settlements and Non IDP settlement reported no child friendly spaces in their community.
Additional isolation centers are required, while systematic and structural changes to healthcare facilities for triage and infection prevention and control  ( IPC )  are critical to maintain service provision.
IOM will also continue to support the capacity building of local administrations in promoting stability through integrating community based socio economic processes.
The country is also facing the worst desert locust infestation in 25 years, with new swarms reported in Somaliland, Puntland and Galmudug states.
And while the numbers have reduced this year, 64,621 people have already been evicted in 2020, including 33,400 in Mogadishu.
Most commonly reported sources of information, by % of assessed settlements: Radio  ( 73% ) , phone calls  ( 24% ) , and face to face conversations  ( 5% ) .
The UN in Somalia is committed to work with the authorities to ensure the needs of the most vulnerable groups are addressed. This includes immediate assistance, such as food and cash distribution, and longer term support, such as providing livelihood opportunities and strengthening the social protection networks.
[ PRE EXISTING VULNERABILITIES ]  12% households reporting having at least one member facing discrimination due to age, disability, or heritage.
At least 700 households from Jowhar District received agricultural seed inputs to help them switch to staples in forth coming deyr season, in addition to unconditional cash transfers.
More than 1.4 million people in need are yet to be reached due to operational challenges and insufficient funding for the cluster. As of 21 September, the Cluster was only 48 per cent funded.
The onset of the COVID 19 pandemic led to the closure of the Dubai port, which led to a reduction in imports of staple food items in Somalia. Imports of rice, wheat flour, and pasta declined by 16 percent from March to May.
Additionally, poor households have few livestock with which to earn income from milk or sales. As a result, most are reducing non food expenses in order to afford staple food purchases
With floods in 2018 and 2019 displacing 281,000 and 416,000 persons respectively, the flood based displacement figures demonstrate a rising year to year trend.
Unless transmission is slowed down quickly, the surge in cases and the increasing demand for care will put such enormous pressure on Somalia's fragile health system that it may reach a breaking point, the World Health Organization warned on 10 May.
Humanitarian partners need US$176.4 million, as noted in the revised Global Humanitarian Response Plan, for the COVID 19 response in Somalia.
The UN Central Emergency Response Fund has allocated more than $2.5 million on top of the Somalia Humanitarian Fund's $2.57 million to support the COVID 19 response.
The number of COVID 19 cases increased by 125 new cases and 5 deaths since August, to 3,390 confirmed cases and 98 deaths, as of 21 September
The Federal Government of Somalia  ( FGS )  has lifted a number of COVID 19 related restrictions on movement in and out of the country, including the opening of international airports in August.
IOM continues to raise awareness among migrants crossing the border at seven Flow Monitoring Points  ( FMPs ) . During the reporting period, 7,616 people, entering and exiting Somalia were reached. COVID 19 information was shared with 3,941 individuals  ( 43% of individuals reached )  who reported to be unaware of the COVID 19 situation.
Partners have identified the non availability of Personal Protective Equipment  ( PPEs ) , delays in transporting COVID 19 samples and challenges of enforcing social distance as key challenges in the response.
Limited programs to improve access to learning opportunities by children in Early Childhood Education.
Partners continue to report lack of sufficient PPEs and delays in the delivery of supply.
Most poor pastoral households will face difficulty earning enough income to purchase their minimum food and non food needs despite anticipated slightly below to near average goat to cereals terms of trade.
In all five FMS and Banadir region, burial teams have received online training on safe burials for COVID 19 victims provided jointly by religious authorities and healthcare professionals
Funds needed to recruit extra personnel to be deployed in all formal and informal entry points in Kenya Somalia border to carry out screening exercise.
To overcome these challenges, we mobilized our staff working in the offices in Mogadishu, Hargeisa and Garowe and in other states to assist the federal and state ministries of health in packing and transporting samples from all parts of the country to the three testing laboratories.
To strengthen case detection and management capacity, Health Cluster partners are training health care providers, establishing and providing medical supplies to rapid response teams in various locations.
We also mobilized our polio network, which has over 20 years of experience in sample collection and transportation from all areas of the country, to help overcome this logistical challenge.
Out of these 2,7 million people, 2,5 million are in severe need of humanitarian while the remaining are in extreme need of WASH assistance.
From June to September, the below average, main season gu harvest in July is expected to drive Stressed  ( IPC Phase 2 )  or Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  outcomes. In most southern agropastoral livelihood zones, Stressed  ( IPC Phase 2 )  outcomes are most likely.
In contrast, an extended dry spell between mid May and late June 2020 across many parts of southern Somalia contributed to a significant decline in the 2020 Gu season crop production in agropastoral areas.
At least 450 health workers were trained on surveillance and more than 3,320 trained community health workers  ( CHWs )  deployed across the country. In August, CHWs visited nearly 570,000 households across the country
WASH cluster partners reached more than 87,500 people  ( 30,627 girls, 26,252 boys, 14,876 women and 15,751 men )  with hygiene promotion and distribution of hygiene kits. Partners supported construction of handwashing stations in 19 health and nutrition facilities benefiting 41,014 people and reached over 60,000 people with improved access to safe water supply to increase water availability for hand hygiene
Local sources attribute the high prices of food items to increased costs of transporting goods from Belet Weyne to Xudur as a result of potential security risks during transportation.
Partners provided psychosocial support to at least 88 persons who tested positive for the coronavirus and their caregivers/ families in and reached nearly 30,000 people through direct messaging for MHPSS and continuity of basic essential services. In addition, 355 health workers and 170 non health essential frontline workers were trained in psychosocial components of COVID 19 response and 30 HCFs and three non HCFs were supported through integrated and operational psychosocial support services. Health workers in Mogadishu received psychosocial first aid in the context of COVID 19 aimed at reducing the level of anxiety and stress among the health care providers.
Logistics Cluster partners reported challenges in the transportation of humanitarian cargo, into and within Somalia, due to delays in customs clearance and tax exemption processes. The delays had a particular impact on cold chain/health items due to a lack of temperature controlled storage and limited adapted infrastructure at airports, while consignments are being cleared or in transit.
[ EDUCATION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  The most commonly reported preferred types of remote learning modalities were: School textbooks 71% ,Basic writing materials  ( pen, paper, 60% Reading materials  ( storybooks, 25%.
Notwithstanding improvements made over the past decade, nearly 1 in 5 children show signs of chronic malnutrition, and 1 in 10 are acutely malnourished.
Aid organizations continue to urge the authorities to build on the milestone commitments and efforts initiated in 2017 to prioritize the securing of the major supply routes.
[ MUTLI SECTORAL NEEDS ]  100% of the households found with Multi sectoral needs. 28% found to be extreme+ severe, 54% extreme and 18% severe.
The Shelter Cluster focused on decongestion of a number of sites to prevent the spread of COVID 19.
Among 12.3 M population, 2.6M people are internally displaced and 9.7 M people are non displaced. There are 28 refugees and 109,900 returnees in Somalia in 2021.
Poor households' debt levels also remain high, ranging from 350 500 USD on average, which is roughly equivalent to the value of seven ten goats.
Above average rainfall in the 2020 gu led to marginal improvement in household food security compared to the 2019 deyr, as abundant pasture and water availability eliminated household expenditures on water trucking, eased livestock migration, and led to good livestock body conditions and productivity
[ WATER, SANITATION & HYGIENE  ( WASH )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Most commonly reported problems related to accessing sanitation facilities by households of non  IDP settlement were Sanitation facilities  ( latrines/toilets )  are not functioning or full  ( 28% ) , lack of sanitation facilities  (  latrines/toilet  )  facilities too crowded  ( 38% )
[ HEALTH LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  27% of the household found with health living Standard Gap  ( LSG ) . 6% found to be very extremely+ severe, 9% extreme severe, 12% severe, 10% stress, 63% no or minimal.
[ SHELTER & NON FOOD ITEMS  ( SNFI )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  The highest percentage of households per SNFI LSG severity score, per population group for IDP settlement was 65% for severe and lowest was 0% for no or minimal and extreme+. Similarly highest percentage of households per SNFI LSG severity score, per population group for Non IDP settlement was 63% for severe and lowest was 0% for no or minimal and extreme+.
[ WATER, SANITATION & HYGIENE  ( WASH )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Most commonly reported coping mechanisms used to deal with limited availability of water by household of Non  IDP settlement were Rely on less preferred  ( unimproved/untreated )  water sources for drinking water  ( 21% ) , Rely on surface water for drinking water  ( 18% ) .
In Qansaxdhere, there is scarcity of vegetables such as potatoes, tomatoes, cabbage and spinach due to restriction of movement resulting from insecurity.
99% of assessed settlements were reportedly not receiving humanitarian assistance.
Most commonly reported source of water for drinking and cooking, by % of assessed settlements: River/pond/earth water pan  ( 64% ) , protected well without a hand pump  ( 10% ) , and unprotected well  ( 7% ) .
[ PRE EXISTING VULNERABILITIES ] 81% of households reported having been displaced for longer than one year
[ PRE EXISTING VULNERABILITIES ] 8% of households with a vulnerable primary income earner
Almost 90 of the firms had already delayed payments on outstanding commitments to suppliers, lenders and tax authorities. About 75% of firms indicated that they would be unable to honor payments due over six months to come. Failure to honor commitments could weaken trust, which is so crucial in an environment like Somalia's that lacks or has only weak formal institutions.
Nearly 54 per cent of health facilities do not provide ‘Expanded Program on Immunization' services; driving coverage below 50 per cent, leading to a rapid accumulation of children susceptible to vaccine preventable illness and exposing communities to large outbreaks.
In Somalia, only 33 per cent of infants below six months are exclusively breastfed, and while 46 per cent of mothers continue to breastfeed their infants up to 12 months, only 15 per cent continue to breastfeed the child up to 24 months. Complementary feeding also appears compromised, with only 15 per cent of children 6 23 months receiving the minimum dietary diversity, and only 9 per cent consuming the minimum acceptable diet. Bottle feeding is prevalent, with 50 per cent of infants 0 23 months bottle fed. These trends are associated with recurring infections among malnourished children and household food insecurity, resulting in poor responses to treatment, or mortality if left untreated. These gaps in reproductive health services, along with inappropriate referral care, contribute to the high incidence of maternal and infant death.
Access to other basic services, such as healthcare and sanitation, is compromised by a fragmented health system that is ill equipped and understaffed, insufficient sanitation facilities and inadequate access to water, all of which predispose the population to higher malnutrition rates.
Due to fear of COVID 19 transmission and increased stigmatization, host communities are less willing to support migrant population, further exposing them to heightened vulnerabilities to protection risks.
( After school meals stopped due to school shutdown )  Some partners adopted e cash and e vouchers for cash and voucher assistance  ( CVA ) /mobile money to avoid direct cash distribution and voucher fairs including input distribution. Some partners adopted providing two monthly support packages in advance  ( frontloading )  as measures minimizing contact in the context of COVID 19. The provision of take home rations for school children while at home and the provision of cooked meals to confirmed cases in the isolation units has also been implemented. The objective of food provision to COVID 19 confirmed cases under isolation or treatment centers is to improve treatment outcomes through food and nutrition support. Mainstreaming COVID 19 risk communication messaging into various program implementation steps has been crucial for the Food Security Cluster.
Many households were yet to recover from the severe 2016 17 drought, an incident that had displaced 2.6 million Somalis.
Many clusters have highlighted the need for frontloading of supplies in case access is further hampered and to ensure continuation of critical support to vulnerable populations. In addition, all clusters are intensifying RCCE activities to inform communities about risks and ways to prevent and control the spread of infection. Clusters like WASH and Health will be required to scale up the routine hygiene activities which they are already undertaking.
( Through Humanitarian partners )  Moreover, 296,387 mothers and caretakers of children 6 to 23 months received individual infant and young child feeding  ( IYCF )  counselling, and 88,613 children under the age of 5 years were admitted for severe acute malnutrition treatment.
The school closure has disrupted the learning of over 1.1 million children. This will have a negative impact not only on children's right to education but also on other human rights including the right to food and nutrition
Affects of floods On Livelihoods, 13,500 people  ( approx. 2,214 HHs )  equivalent to 27% of the affected households lost their small businesses and the market functionality was disrupted. In terms of gender, 67% and 33% of the affected households were male  and female headed, respectively.
Most of the pastoralists in affected areas are using rain water collected in berkeds and other community water catchments facilities
WHO strongly affirms that women's choices and rights to sexual and reproductive health care should be respected, regardless of COVID 19 or their COVID 19 status. To promote the abandonment of Female Genital Mutilation  ( FGM ) , coordinated and systematic efforts are needed, and they must engage whole communities and focus on human rights and gender equality. They must also address the sexual and reproductive health needs of women and girls who suffer from its consequence.
UNDP, with support from UNIDO, IOM and the World Bank, is preparing a Socio Economic Impact Analysis, which will include reviewing risks concerning the macro economic and business level risks and how they have evolved or emerged under influence of the COVID 19 crisis
Separation from caregivers is reported in 48 per cent of IDP families and 44 per cent in host communities. Death of caregivers/parents, child marriage  ( mostly adolescent girls )  and child recruitment  ( mostly adolescent boys )  were the main cause of family separation.
Women from marginalized communities are particularly vulnerable to forms of SGBV. There is need for targeted interventions aimed at reducing the vulnerability, risk and exposure of marginalized/minority communities.
From January to June 2020, the Country Task Force on Monitoring and Reporting verified and documented 29 attacks on schools.
IDPs remain one of the most vulnerable population groups in Somali society. Among this caseload, children, elderly people, women and persons with disabilities have additional barriers in accessing essential services in a safe, equitable and dignified manner.
IDP site density is particularly troubling as 43 per cent of all IDP sites would not be able to accommodate slight increases in settlement population  ( DSA, 2020 ) . This lack of spacing undermines the privacy of IDPs and leads to heightened GBV and protection incidents.Women and girls fear accessing basic services in IDP sites due to the lack of planned solar lighting in sites, or suitable access roads that are perceived as safe
High child and maternal mortality rates are of particular concern. Four in 100 Somali children die during the first month of life, 8 in 100 before their first birthday, and 1 in 8 before they turn 5.
The 2020 gu floods displaced 412,000 people, nearly 30 percent of whom were displaced from Beletweyne town in Hiiraan.
Many non displaced Somali households face co occurring, overlapping needs that are mutually compounding and need to be addressed in tandem. The JMCNA 2020 found that roughly half of all non IDPs reported at least two overlapping severe, critical or catastrophic sectoral needs, with particular prevalence of co occurring WASH, shelter and food security needs, underscoring the need for inter sectoral, integrated responses.
The protection environment for IDPs remains highly challenging, particularly for women, children and persons with disabilities, exacerbated by the limited coping mechanisms available. Displacement exposes them to risks, such as family separation, GBV and forced adult and child recruitment.
[ PROTECTION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  83% and 75% of households of IDP settlements and Non IDP settlement reported no child friendly spaces in their community.
[ HEALTH LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Five most commonly reported illnesses or injuries household members of IDP settlements had in the past two weeks prior to data collection were fever ( 10% ) , Diarrhoea  ( 4% ) , Cough with fast or difficult breathing  ( 2% ) , skin infections  ( 1% ) , eye infections  ( 1% ) .
[ HEALTH LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Two most commonly reported problems encountered when accessing health services or treatment by household of non  IDP settlements were Cost of services and/or medicine was too high  ( 38% ) , Did not get access to qualified health staff at the health facility  ( 14% ) .
[ SHELTER & NON FOOD ITEMS  ( SNFI )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Three most commonly reported types of housing, land and property  ( HLP )  dispute reported by households were : Inheritance issues  ( 6% ) , Rules and processes on HLP not clear  ( 3% )  and Disputes about rent  ( including payment )   ( 3% ) .
[ HEALTH LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  22% of the households of IDP settlements reported that it takes less than 15 minutes to reach to the nearest health facility by foot while 40% and 19% of the households of IDP settlements reported it takes 15 30 minutes and 30 60minutes to reach to the nearest health facility by foot respectively. 8% reported to reach nearest health facility by foot in 1 3 hours and 9% of the households of IDP settlements reported that it takes more than 3 hours to reach to the nearest health facility by foot .
[ WATER, SANITATION & HYGIENE  ( WASH )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Proportion of households of non IDP settlements reporting not having sufficient water for the following purposes were Not enough water for cooking, bathing, washing, and other domestic uses ( 39% ) , Not enough water for domestic purposes only  ( 7% ) ,Not enough water for personal hygiene only  ( 81% ) .
The year has seen extreme flooding, displacing over 650,000 people across the country since the beginning of the year.
[ General household information ]  The most commonly reported reasons for not taking action on COVID 19 were COVID 19 is not at high risk of getting COVID 19  ( 48% )  and do not mind getting COVID 19  ( 28% ) .
The overcrowding of IDP sites exacerbates risks of fire, flooding, GBV and child rights violations, and disease outbreaks/COVID 19 transmission.
Approximately 85 per cent of the sites are informal settlements on private land and about 74 per cent are in urban areas, according to the Detailed Site Assessment  ( DSA ) . These populations live in protracted displacement in unplanned settlements across the country and require basic services, livelihoods, shelter and protection.
In Puntland, women and girls in drought affected communities with already have pre existing emergencies such as the COVID 19 pandemic, locust, and the effect of Cyclone Gati suffer extreme vulnerability. Young girls are at high risk of early marriage due to loss of family livestock
Lacking means, and subject to violence and volatile security conditions, these populations can be in greater need of assistance, but be isolated and difficult to reach due to ongoing hostilities or security restrictions, as well as poor infrastructure. Humanitarian programmes in these affected locations are often suspended until the conflict is resolved.
UN HABITAT and IOM are working to ensure ongoing and planned infrastructure work continues, with extra protective measures implemented for construction teams. The aim is to ensure continued employment for those hired under these operations so as to avoid further contributing to the anticipated economic downturn.
Lack of adequate protection along lonely tracks in IDP camps and host communities predispose women and young girls to harassment and attacks of sexual nature. Inadequate physical shelter structures in IDP camps, overcrowding in family housing units, inadequate lighting in IDP camps, lack of/and inadequate locks for latrines are also secondary factors that predispose women and girls to sexual violence and abuse.
[ HEALTH LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Five most commonly reported illnesses or injuries household members of non IDP settlements had in the past two weeks prior to data collection were fever ( 7% ) , Diarrhea  ( 2% ) , Cough with fast or difficult breathing  ( 3% ) , skin infections ( 1% ) , eye infections  ( 0% ) .
A recent FSNAU  [ Food Security and Nutrition Analysis Unit ]  technical release notes that up to 2.7 million people across Somalia are expected to face food consumption gaps or depletion of livelihood assets indicative of Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 ) 1or worse outcomes through mid 2021 in the absence of humanitarian assistance. Furthermore, the report notes that the drivers of acute food insecurity in Somalia include the compounding effects of poor and erratic rainfall distribution, flooding, Desert Locust infestation, socioeconomic impacts of COVID 19, and conflict.
In Bay Bakool Low Potential Agropastoral livelihood zone, particularly in the North, some poor households may deteriorate to Emergency  ( IPC Phase 4 ) .
The Protection and Return Monitoring Network  ( PRMN )  recorded 10,300 protection incidents across the country from January December 2020. These include targeted and indiscriminate physical attacks on civilians and on property, widespread sexual and Gender Based Violence  ( GBV ) , child recruitment, family separation, violence against children, arbitrary arrest, forced displacement, land grabbing, and extortion of assets and supplies from vulnerable groups.
The Gender Based Violence  ( GBV )  AOR partners demonstrated capacity to continue to deliver services in 2020 despite the complex humanitarian environment worsened by COVID19. The Gender Based Violence  ( GBV )  AoR development guidelines for Gender Based Violence  ( GBV )  coordination and service provision using remote methodologies in line with measures of COVID19 restrictions.
Despite ongoing control efforts, desert locusts will continue to pose a very high risk to pasture and water at least through mid 2021.
[ PRE EXISTING VULNERABILITIES ]  9% households with a vulnerable primary income earner
Extra vigilance needed due to the pastoral nature of the communities along the Points of Entry  ( POEs )  in Celbarde and Belet Weyne
[ PRE EXISTING VULNERABILITIES ]  48% households reporting relying on unstable income sources to meet basic needs.
[ NUTRITION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  18% of the households of non IDP settlements reported that it takes less than 15 minutes to reach to the nearest nutrition facility while 45% and 36% of the households of non IDP settlements reported it takes 15 30 minutes, 30 60minutes respectively.
[ EDUCATION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  27% of the households of non IDP settlements reported that it takes less than 15 minutes to reach to the nearest education facility while 40% and 21% of the households of non IDP settlements reported it takes 15 30 minutes and 30 60minutes to reach to the nearest education facility respectively.
[ PROTECTION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  2% and 4% of households of both IDP settlements and Non IDP settlement respectively reported their property or possessions were damaged or stolen in the 30 days prior to data collection.
[ NUTRITION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Three most commonly reported types of nutrition barriers reported by households with children were: Unaware that supplements are available  ( 46% ) , Unaware that services are available  ( 42% ) , Facilities too far to travel to ( 40% ) .
[ NUTRITION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  78% of the households found with nutrition living Standard Gap  ( LSG ) . 25% found to be extreme severe, 53% severe, 20% stress.
For 2021, drought conditions are predicted due to the risks associated with La Niña developing through March. Below average Deyr rains  ( October December 2020 ) , an expected harsh Jilaal dry season  ( January March 2021 )  and a possibly delayed or poor Gu rainy season  ( AprilJune 2021 )  are forecast, which are expected to result in a decline in food security
[ PROTECTION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Most commonly reported areas in the community where girls and/or women do not feel safe were On the way to markets  ( 62% ) , In shelters  ( 38%  ) , At latrines  ( 20% ) .
[ WATER, SANITATION & HYGIENE  ( WASH )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Proportion of households of IDP settlements reporting not having sufficient water for the following purposes were Not enough water for cooking, bathing, washing, and other domestic uses  ( 8% ) , Not enough water for domestic purposes only  ( 18% ) ,Not enough water for personal hygiene only  ( 67% ) .
The impacts of the erratic 2020 Deyr season rainfall on rural livelihood activities have also negatively affected food security among Internally Displaced Persons  ( IDPs )  in rural areas. Furthermore, a majority of IDPs in urban areas are poor with limited livelihood assets, few income earning opportunities, and high reliance on external humanitarian assistance. As a result, a significant proportion of IDPs  ( both rural and urban )  face moderate to large food consumption gaps through mid 2021.
OCHA and humanitarian partners have finalised the 2021 Humanitarian Needs Overview  ( HNO )  and Humanitarian Response Plan  ( HRP ) , identifying a spike in the number of people in need driven by climate shocks, conflict and increased vulnerability. An estimated 5.9 million people are in need of humanitarian assistance, an increase from 5.2 million in 2020.
FAO facilitated training on control in Galmudug and has stationed two aircrafts to support aerial spraying of the locusts in Puntland.
In early January, the South West State  ( SWS )  Ministry of Humanitarian Affairs and Disaster Management appealed for humanitarian assistance for 43,000 people; priority needs include food and non food Items.
A blockade imposed by non state actors in many areas of the region has significantly reduced livelihood opportunities, forcing people to rely on humanitarian support and casual labour.
According to WHO, a review of several key Ministry documents, including the pre service midwifery curriculum, has been undertaken to ensure that emerging issues on the medicalization of Female Genital Mutilation  ( FGM )  are covered. The WHO Country Office has worked together with the Federal Ministry of Health to formulate specific terminology on Female Genital Mutilation  ( FGM )  to use in health documents, including the Code of Ethics for Healthcare Professionals and the National Professionals Council Act. WHO is also exploring ways to enhance surveillance of Female Genital Mutilation  ( FGM )  within existing reporting systems.
In addition, the Desert Locust infestation is expected to remain serious until at least March 2021, particularly as control measures are a challenge in the south due to limited ground and aerial access.
Activities:Enhance food security and resilience: unconditional and conditional cash transfers | cash+ | cash for work | agricultural kits  ( seeds, fertilizer, storage bags, irrigation/ tractor services )  | animal feed | fishing gear and processing equipment | water delivery and irrigation | livestock vaccination and treatment | stocking of vaccines and related supplies | trainings
Protection/GBV: KIs from 41% of assessed settlements reported protection incidents that happened to women in their settlement of origin.68% of the assessed settlements reported the most common type of protection incidents that happened to women was marriage under 18.Similarly 13% and 2% of the assessed settlements reported the most common type of protection incidents that happened to women were killing and physical violence respectively.
Prices in the fourth quarter of 2020 in Bari, Bay and Nugaal were relative higher than in the previous quarter, leading to an adjustment of the recommended transfer value in those regions. In Bakool, Hiraan, Banaadir, and Sanaag there was also a slight price increase, but it was not reflected in a different recommendation of transfer value. Middle Juba, Sool, and Awdal have accumulated price decreases that resulted in a lower recommended transfer value, when compared to the previous quarter.
Based on current and anticipated inflation of imported staple food prices in Puntland and high costs of transportation due to damaged roads, the retail price of a kilogram of rice is projected to remain moderately above the five year average.
Similar to other areas in the Northeast, the depreciation of the SOS  [ Somalia Shilling ]  in Puntland has contributed to high imported rice prices, which were 29 53 percent above the five year average in key reference markets in January.
Despite the early end of the 2020 deyr rainfall season, which typically causes river levels to recede or partially dry river levels to recede or partially dry, the Shabelle and Juba rivers are expected to remain susceptible to flood events during the 2021 gu due to insufficient repairs of open river breakages and weak embankments. As a result, the forecast of below average to average rainfall in the river catchments in the Ethiopian highlands and south central Somalia will most likely lead to episodic, significant flooding in the Juba and Shabelle regions.
Based on outcome indicator data collected by FSNAU  [ Food Security and Nutrition Analysis Unit ]  during the post deyr household survey in November and December, an estimated 1.6 million people – approximately 13 percent of the national population – are facing Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  and Emergency  ( IPC Phase 4 )  outcomes in February. This estimate reflects the population that is experiencing food consumption gaps or engaging in unsustainable livelihoods coping strategies even after food assistance reached an average of 1.8 million people from October to December 2020 and over 2 million people in January.
Protecting Somalia's existing food economy throughout the crisis will require focused action to address supply side constraints to produce increased export earnings and / or to address unmet domestic food demand, including through direct import substitution.
Humanitarian access constraints persist in many rural areas of the South due to conflict and insecurity, and food assistance delivery is especially limited in Middle Juba, Lower Juba, and Lower Shabelle.
Humanitarian food assistance: According to humanitarian food assistance distribution reports provided by the Somalia Food Security Cluster, an average of 1.8 million beneficiaries  ( 15 percent of the national population )  received at least a 25 percent ration monthly from November to January. On a monthly basis, the reach of food assistance rose from 1.7 million in November to over 2.0 million in January. The majority received cash/voucher assistance. Consistent with previous periods of analysis, humanitarian access remains highest in the North, urban centers, and IDP settlements.
Local goat prices in January generally ranged from near to 20 percent above the January 2020 average and 15 50 percent above the five year average across the country, except in Middle and Lower Juba where the price is up to 5 percent below last year.
WASH: 20% of assessed settlements where people reportedly had access to soap and water for hand washing while 74% of assessed settlements where people reportedly did not use soap and water for hand washing or do not had access.
Protection/GBV: In 57% of assessed settlements where KIs reported unaccompanied children, community or neighbours were the main caregivers. In 59% of assessed settlements KIs reported that no kinds of special services for children were available.
Education: Most commonly reported types of education services that children from the assessed settlements were able to access were Quranic school for boys  ( 96% ) , Quranic school for girls  ( 96% ) , Primary schools for boys and girls  ( 6% ) .
Overall, according to data from the Central Bank of Somalia, remittances declined less than expected due to COVID 19 in Quarter 2 of 2020, and largely recovered afterwards.
In agropastoral areas, current crop development progress is highly varied, due to the mixed timing of re planting following earlier crop losses from floods and pests.
[ SHELTER & NON FOOD ITEMS  ( SNFI )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Three most commonly reported types of shelter enclosure issues reported by households were Leaks during heavy rain  ( 35% ) , Leaks during light rain  ( 27% ) , Lack of insulation from cold  ( 25% ) .
[ CAPACITY GAP  ( CG )  ]  13% of households were found to have at least one Protection Living Standard Gaps  ( LSG )  and/or a Capacity Gap  ( CG ) . Among 13%, 11% of households were found to have a Living Standard Gaps ( LSG )  in protection but no Capacity Gap  ( CG )  in protection, 2% of households were found to have both a Living Standard Gaps ( LSG )  in protection and a Capacity Gap  ( CG )  in protection, 87% of households were found to have no protection Living Standard Gaps ( LSG )  but a Capacity Gap  ( CG )  in protection.
Partners continued to raise awareness and disseminate COVID 19 information on prevention, reaching more than 786,740 people through house to house visits, health facility awareness sessions, community meetings, SMS messages, mosque announcements, and sound truck announcements. In addition, at least 10 million continued to be reached across Somalia through radio spot programs.
[ CAPACITY GAP  ( CG )  ]  100% of households were found to have at least one WASH Living Standard Gap  ( LSG )  and/or a Capacity Gap  ( CG ) . Among 100%, 98% of households were found to have a WASH Living Standard Gaps ( LSG )  but no Capacity Gap  ( CG )  in WASH, 2% of households were found to have both a WASH Living Standard Gaps ( LSG )  and a Capacity Gap  ( CG )  in WASH.
[ WATER, SANITATION & HYGIENE  ( WASH )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Most commonly reported coping mechanisms used to deal with limited availability of water by household of IDP settlement were Rely on less preferred  ( unimproved/untreated )  water sources for drinking water  ( 37% ) , Rely on surface water for drinking water  ( 27% ) .
Food Security and livelihoods :Among the assessed settlements, Most commonly reported reasons why people were not able to access enough food were Natural causes ( 90% ) , Economic causes  ( 70% ) , Security issues  ( 41% ) .
[ PROTECTION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  8% and 4% of households of IDP settlements and Non IDP settlement reported areas in their community where girls or women do not feel safe.
[ EDUCATION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Three most commonly reported reasons why children stopped attending school since the outbreak were Schools have closed  ( 92% ) , Parents prefer that children stay home  ( 33% )  Lack transportation to schools due to COVID 19  ( 29% ) .
[ NUTRITION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Among households of IDP settlements with children, 15% household reported their child ( ren )  having been enrolled in a nutritional centre/therapeutic feeding centre in the 6 months prior to data collection similarly 15% household of non IDP settlements with children reported their child ( ren )  having been enrolled in a nutritional centre/therapeutic feeding centre in the 6 months prior to data collection.
[ MUTLI SECTORAL NEEDS ]  The 100% households found to have an overall MSNI of 3 and above, this score was most commonly driven by extreme LSGs in WASH, Education, SNFI AND Nutrition  ( 18% ) , followed by WASH, Education ,SNFI, Nutrition and Food Security  ( 10% ) , or WASH, SNFI and Nutrition  ( 8% ) .
[ SHELTER & NON FOOD ITEMS  ( SNFI )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Three most commonly reported types of housing, land and property  ( HLP )  lack or loss of land tenancey/ownership  ( 12% ) , Rules and processes on housing and land not clear  ( 12%  ) , dispute reported by households were Disputes about rent  ( including payment )   ( 9% ) .
[ HEALTH LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Three most commonly reported problems encountered when accessing health services or treatment by household were Cost of services and/or medicine was too high  ( 36% ) , the treatment center was too far awary  ( 22% )  and public health clinic did not provide referral  ( 13% ) .