nlp-thedeep/humsetbias huggingface dataset:
Some family who depend on cattle as their source of income and milk for U5 also were badly affected due to the impact of the flooding. Livestock are dying due to hunger
There are limited income generating activities opportunities in Old Fangak. Limited causal labor, domestic remittances and formal employment from few humanitarian organizations are the only common source of income.
19 March 2020   The Government of South Sudan establishes the High Level Task Force on COVID 19 led by The First Vice President Dr. Riak Machar.
Temporary closures of schools, due to COVID 19 restrictions, disrupted education, limited children's access to essential services like school feeding programmes and increased their exposure to various forms of GBV.
Top five counties where the highest proportion of assessed settlements reported the main source of information is family/friends were Abiemnhom 100%, Pariang 97%, Renk 85%, Maban 79%, Melut 74%.
26 April 2020   Suspension of all public transportation system between Juba and all other towns and villages in Central Equatoria, and between Torit and all other towns and villages in Eastern Equatoria.
Refugees identified lack of livelihoods; inadequate basic services; lack of political solutions; safety and security; and lack of education opportunities as key reasons for not returning.
An estimated 91 per cent of IDPs live under the international poverty line of US$1.90 PPP per capita per day compared with 86 percent of rural residents and 75 percent of urban residents
With current COVID  19 Pandemic Outbreak, WASH partners to increase the coverage of hand washing facilities within the PoCs community.
Urgent reinstatement of the ART run Nutrition site in Mangalla. Given that the closure of Mangalla nutrition site entailed a political disagreement, it is paramount to engage the relevant authorities to ensure that the site comes to functionality so that the malnourished children and PLWs can be treated.
25 March 2020   South Sudan closes all airports and seals land borders for passengers. Curfew across country from 8.00PM to 6.00AM. Public institutions working halftime.
Establish CFS and Child protection services including recreational items and activities to keep them busy.
Establish community service structures
Mangalla PHCC health facilities IS functional but have inadequate technical staff the only staff are as follows: one Nurse, one Medical assistance, one midwife, two Community Midwife; one Laboratory technician, three Community Health workers and one Vaccinator.
There are no child protection services or CFS.
The displaced population and the host community are lacking basic humanitarian services such as Sanitation facility; shelters, clean drinking, food and NFI
The IDPs are homeless, residing in the bushes and under trees.
Currently there are no ANC service being conducted reason being the facility staff were displaced due to the intertribal clash between the Mundari and the Bari over land related issues. 4 deliveries were conducted within the IDP settle in the week of the visit by a TBA with very limited resources and this is done willingly by her in support of her fellow IDP settlement.
Immediate verification and registration of the affected population for S NFI items. Only people whom their houses were collapsed submerged by water and lost NFIs in the process of escaping flood would be the targeted beneficiaries for S/NFI cluster response.
The most needed items are; Shelter materials and full NFI kits.  ( Plastic sheet, Kitchen, Blanket, Mosquito net and Sleeping Mat.
IDPs are sleeping without mosquito net and there is high rate of malaria among the three affected community who are displaced and taking refuge in Mangalla. With the displaced population being women and children, their situation will get worst if not assisted in the next week.
Children are observed being covered with piece of clothes during sleeping. With the heavy rain now days and the coldness children are expose to other sickness that are friendly to cold weather.
Some IDPs have started putting up shelter structure mainly raising wall with poles but lacking other shelter construction materials for roofing for example Grass. Being the rainy season and flooded all over, it became very difficult to find grass for putting up the roof of the shelter. Other construction materials are available in the nearby bushes and they are given authorization by the host community to use them for the construction of their temporary shelters.
The displaced population are now camping in Mangalla center over stretching some of essential services health facility and clean water sources. Mangalla has one health facility run by SMOH and supported by HLSS, meanwhile ART runs the nutrition program in the area
Poor sanitation in the area due to overcrowding and with continues rainfall this will highly predispose the vulnerable individuals to infections especially the children, elderly and those living with chronic infections
No housing, IDPs rely on the host community who are equally vulnerable and have as well been affected by flood as most of their farmlands, the host community highly depends on Juba markets to sell their vegetables and other farm produce. These crops have been destroyed and their livelihood disrupted. Their incomes have greatly dropped.
Lack of shelter and NFIs IDPs were observed under trees with ongoing rain season the population are at high risk
With ongoing floods in Bor South, Duk and Twic East, population from the affected location are currently displaced into Mangalla Payam – Juba County. The Executive Director Mangalla Payam called OCHA CES Focal Point on 27 th August 2020 reporting that his Payam has received over 400 HH displaced community from Bor following floods in Jonglei  ( mainly from Bor, Twic East and Duk ) , initially the IDPs were reported to be on transit to Juba; however some of them decided to settle in Mangalla center where they have erected some makeshift shelters.
There are unaccompanied children who are surviving with the IDP. There are orphans within the IDP staying with the chief. There are report of child abuse as result of stress from the guidance/parents.
Mangalla PHCC has a functional EPI fridge with one trained CHWs who is currently operating within the barracks carrying out routine immunization to the affected people and the host community. However, there is no routine immunization activities taking place within in the IDP settle basically because they are not aware of the services within the barracks.
The influx of refugees and IDPs have been identified as one of the important drivers of inappropriate land use and over exploitation of natural resources, putting more pressure on the already scarce environmental resources.
Generally, Mangalla Centre where the IDPS have settled has a PHCC operated by HLSS with support from HPF and OTP and TSFP by ART with support from UNICEF and WFP. however, these sites are all closed due the insecurity and the health facility is operating within Payam Office giving basic services within the barracks which is about 1km away from the IDP settlement.
Need to resettle this displaced population and supply them with vegetable seeds and other fast maturing crops that can timely offer them food for consumption and the surplus for sale.
Duk, Bor South and Twic East Counties are affected by recent flooding impacting the local community leading to Displacement of an estimated 3819 households with a population of 22445 individuals  ( with average size of household is said to be between 7 8 members. ) The IDPs community reached Mangalla center by River Boats in the month of August 2020. Majority of the displaced communities are mainly children, women and elderly
More than 324,000 people were reached through camp coordination and camp management services; around 388,000 people received protection services and more than 254,000 children and pregnant and breastfeeding women were provided with emergency nutritional assistance
Some of the response highlights achieved in the first quarter were over 2.6 million vulnerable South Sudanese reached with food assistance and livelihoods support; more than 1.8 million people assisted with access to safe water and sanitation; and some 434,000 people provided with health care.
At least 16,000 people were displaced in Lainya County, Central Equatoria, when civilians were attacked by the South Sudanese People's Defense Forces
Poor road conditions were aggravated by the 2019 floods. In addition, the presence of landmines and other explosive hazards still posed a threat to physical access.
Despite UNHCR's position of no facilitated, promoted or otherwise organized returns to South Sudan as conditions are not conducive for returns, approximately 44,000 South Sudanese refugees spontaneously returned in the first quarter of 2020, with the most active return corridors being Panakuach, Mayendit, Mayom and Panyijiar in Unity, and Renk and Kodok in Upper Nile.
The country was still recovering from widespread flooding which devastated large areas in the second half of 2019. Agricultural and livelihoods activities were severely affected and people in the hardest hit areas were struggling to rebuild their lives and livelihoods. The arrival of the desert locusts in several counties in Eastern, Central and Western Equatoria, and Lakes added an extra threat to the already dire food security and livelihoods situation.
Amid all the violence in South Sudan, its leaders and people must also prepare for elections, scheduled for 2022 or later.
Just getting an agreement on an election date could become a pretext for dangerous brinkmanship.
The battle for the governor's seat in Upper Nile state severely frayed ties between Machar and Olony, straining their alliance and possibly setting the stage for renewed fighting. Under the peace deal's terms, Machar had won the right to appoint Upper Nile's governor, seated in Malakal. He nominated Olony in June 2020, but Kiir refused to appoint him.41 For months, neither side budged, holding up the formation of state governments across the country. Machar finally ended the impasse in January 2021 by bypassing Olony and nominating the latter's former deputy
Given the obstacles to resolving South Sudan's core political problems, the government and its external partners are right to focus heavily on keeping the peace. Their immediate priorities are to maintain the ceasefire between the main belligerents Kiir and Machar and thus to prevent a return to wider war.
The country's development plan envisaged that ethnic and political animosity might lead to local violence but did not foresee civil war or state collapse. A “worst case scenario' imagined by the UN and U.S. considered the risk that a repressive one party petrostate might emerge and fight border wars with neighboring Sudan, but it shied away from predictions of implosion.
Temporary land has been given for IDPs to settled in by the Host community  ( Chiefs ) . The land was not demarcated as the size of plot but a size of a shelter 4m by 4m. The IDP intention was to settle temporary and wait for the water level to reduce and the move back to their original place. The affected community have their leaders who always harmonize them with the host community and facilitate any request or issue pertaining them.
IDPs came with nothing at hand most of their NFIs have been washed away by water or get destroyed while escaping flood. They rely on the host community who help them with the little they have. The Condition for host community is deteriorating every day running out of the items to be shared with the IDPs. The few NFIs at hand shared among the IDPs for example cooking pot, 1 cooking pot is shared among 50 HH. Women are seen queuing up waiting for cooking pot as one finishes cooking the other one take's over cooking using the same cooking pot.
Livelihood partners to provide tools  ( mainly fishing kits )
Currently there is no ongoing livelihood activities however IDPs suggested if they can be supported with fishing and Farming tools; so form to engage in livelihood support since comfortably r co existence with the host community. they are not sure if they can be given a piece of land to enable them do farming. The IDPs also indicate that they are willing to return to home.
Since arrival, the IDPs did not receive any assistance apart from the 7bags of Maize flour, 2bigs of beans, 3 jerricans of cooking oil,1 bag of salt and 75kgs of sugar provided to them by the office of the Vice President which according to them is inadequate compared to the number of the IDPs in the area and hence had to be targeted to the most vulnerable.
Provision of food assistance to an estimated 4000 individuals after conducting a quick verification
The interviewed IDPs reported sharing of food with the host community, eating wild greens, consuming one meal a day. The reduction of meal is a key coping strategy currently used.
The remaining 62 per cent of the population across the country either rely on unimproved or surface water sources  ( 35 per cent ) , take more than 30 minutes to reach the improved sources  ( 24 per cent ) , or are able to reach an improved source in less than 30 minutes but face protection concerns while accessing the source  ( 3 per cent ) . The highest proportion of households relying on surface water were found in Greater Upper Nile  ( 59 per cent ) .
Similarly, lack of livelihoods forces female household heads among IDPs and returnees to fall into exploitive relationships, such as survival driven transactional sex, indicating the need for more livelihoods support.
Women and girls, particularly those who are internally displaced and living near cantonment sites, are most at risk to GBV. A breakdown of traditional protection mechanisms coupled with changing roles within the family and the increased exposure to groups with differential power to commit violence have made these groups more vulnerable.
An estimated 4.5 million South Sudanese people will be in need of protection from violence, displacement, and human rights violations in 2020.
The continued provision of comprehensive child protection services including family tracing and reunification, reintegration support, case management and psychosocial support is critical for the most vulnerable children, including unaccompanied and separated children and those associated with armed forces and groups.
With compounded effects due to the lack of basic public services, people's exposure to protection threats has increased as they seek limited resources and resort to negative coping mechanisms. This situation is exacerbated by a lack of resources for national NGOs, which are key to first line response in hard to reach communities.
Due to the crisis and underdevelopment, communities' capacities to protect themselves are eroded, leading to multi layered consequences, including exposure to SGBV and other protection risks.
Increased risks, coupled with gaps in GBV service provision, necessitates the urgent need for strengthened GBV prevention, risk mitigation and services.
Boys and girls continue to endure multiple protection risks and rights violations, including family separation, widespread recruitment and use of children by armed forces and groups, psychosocial distress, GBV and exploitation. This situation is exacerbated by limited availability of basic services, weak governance and negative social norms.
People who are lacking or unable to access services are vulnerable to various forms of violence, including SGBV, human rights violations, displacement and erosion of coping mechanisms and social cohesion. Women, children, the elderly, youth and persons with disabilities are among the most vulnerable groups, facing even higher risks. They are exposed to SGBV, child recruitment, psychosocial distress, targeted and indiscriminate killings, mines and explosive remnants of war and denial of basic housing, land and property rights, amongst others.
In 2020, an estimated 4.8 million women, girls, men, and boys will face protection risks and violations. These include over 300,000 refugees in South Sudan who are in need of protection services.
Update the state cholera contingency plans – to strengthen surveillance; case management; risk communication; WASH; OCV (  Oral Cholera Vaccination )
The population in PoC sites has slightly decreased by 16,000 individuals compared to the previous year. Nevertheless, IDPs in the sites continue to rely on humanitarian assistance for several reasons, including limited access to livelihood opportunities and basic services, which have consequently forced them to adopt negative coping mechanisms like suicide and early marriage, that have exacerbated their vulnerability.
The potential for seeking recourse through the justice system for this, both through government and customary structures, is limited, and disproportionately affects women.
A survey conducted in four locations across South Sudan found that only 31 per cent of women victims of land grabbing were able to even attempt to negotiate with the occupier, compared to 58 per cent of men in a similar situation. This demonstrates women's increased vulnerability in trying to advocate for their rights with perpetrators. Overall, only 8 per cent of the total surveyed population who had experienced land grabbing were able to successfully negotiate directly with the occupier
IDP families have to borrow cumulative amounts of money to meet their basic needs due to lack of service provision. This could lead families to adapt negative coping mechanisms, and expose women, children, older persons, youth and persons with disabilities to increased protection risks.
IDPs and refugees living in overcrowded conditions in camps and spontaneous settlements frequently lack safe shelter and essential household items.
Only 6.5 per cent of at risk children can access psychosocial support and other child protection services.
Insecurity has been the major cause behind school closure in recent years, with 20 per cent of schools non functional. In some parts of the country, three in four children are out of school.
The education system and infrastructure in South Sudan are fragile. Some 60 per cent of primary and secondary schools and classrooms are either partially or completely damaged.
The ratio of skilled health personnel to people who need medical services stands at 1 to 65,574, and the situation is even more dire for mental health services. Only some 11.5 per cent of births are assisted by skilled birth attendants.
While food insecurity is a driving factor for overall needs for all population groups, the IDP analysis below shows that displaced people face a different set of risks than those who have been otherwise affected by crises, especially with regard to needs caused by violence.
An increase of suicide and suicide attempts has been recorded especially among young adults between 19 and 35 years in the Malakal PoC site and Malakal town, Upper Nile, due to lack of socioeconomic opportunities and feelings of helplessness and hopelessness.
Women headed households and women who have been exposed to conflict related, gender based or domestic violence are particularly vulnerable. This is especially the case for those lacking family and social support, for example if displaced far from home.
Elevated case fatality rate and incidence rates for most common diseases drove the number of people in need in about a tenth of all counties.
Every other child is sick with fever or malaria, and every fourth child with diarrhoea. Around 75 per cent of all child deaths in South Sudan are due to preventable diseases.
More than 40 per cent all counties have a convergence of high needs related to food insecurity, protection and health. Of these counties, 8  ( 24 per cent )  are in Greater Equatoria, 17  ( 52 per cent )  in Greater Upper Nile and 8  ( 24 per cent )  are in Greater Bahr el Ghazal.
However, three counties–Maiwut and Panyikang in Upper Nile, and Mundri East in Western Equatoria–have remained with highlevel access constraints. Nearly 65,000 people in these three counties were not accessible in 2019 due to active hostilities, constant violence against humanitarian personnel and assets, and the physical environment.
Similarly, humanitarian actors have managed to reach the majority of some 2 million people in 31 counties which were categorized as locations with medium level access constraints due to bureaucratic impediments, operational interference, and violence against humanitarian personnel and assets.
The crisis has furthered entrenched many traditional gender roles, with a heightened impact on women in displaced and separated families. Displaced and returnee women bear greater responsibility for food collection and participation in food for assets programmes, compared to families in host communities where men and women divide food security related responsibilities more evenly.
The years of conflict in South Sudan have adversely affected the overall protection environment for refugees, the majority of which reside in areas most affected by conflicts in the past. This has created a fragile environment for refugees, as host communities are themselves affected by violence and crisis, and are also contending with the added burden of IDP populations and instability, leading to the potential for increased tension between communities in this pressurized environment.
Some harmful cultural practices have intensified during the conflict and humanitarian crisis. For example, a recent study found that conflict fuelled poverty and food insecurity were the most common reasons for early marriage, with girls displaced by conflict at particular risk
According to recent population baseline study, repeated episodes of conflict and environmental shocks have shaped traditional seasonal migration routes over the last three decades, consequently blocking pastoralist communities' access to preferred migration patterns and exposing them to new vulnerabilities. These include protection concerns, exposure to health risks, changes in diet and reliance on negative coping strategies.
Recent interviews with IDPs found that beyond the continued threat of conflict, potential barriers to return included a lack of safety, services and livelihood opportunities in areas of return; the destruction or occupation of former homes; and lack of accountability for human rights violations committed during the war, including sexual violence
While returns are reported in various parts of the country, the geographical scope has not increased significantly since September 2018, suggesting that many locations that are receiving returnees were already seeing returns prior to the revitalized peace agreement. The trend in overall numbers of returns has also tapered in relative terms since the start of 2019 and following the peace agreement and the dry season, indicating an increase that is sustained but very gradual to date.
Many of the returns are partial households or households doing phased returns, for example sending the head of household first to scope or prepare land for cultivation, followed by the children, elderly and other more vulnerable household members. Current return patterns bear similarities with the returns seen after the 2015 peace agreement, when returns also took place in a climate of uncertainty about security and access to food and services in areas of return.
At the same time, many South Sudanese people are cautiously exploring options to return home from being displaced internally and in countries of asylum. Some are returning with the intention to stay, while others come to assess the security and livelihood options, and may return to their places of displacement.
The evolution in the nature of inter communal violence toward greater targeting of women and children, stripping of assets and use of heavy weaponry has changed displacement patterns. For example, inter communal violence and cattle raiding in western Lakes reportedly caused minimal displacement prior to 2013, but in recent years, with the increased targeting of households, inter communal violence has become a key driver of repeated episodes of displacement in communities that had previously experienced minimal displacement.
Conflict and inter  and intra communal tensions resulted in a displacement of more than 162,900 individuals during the first six months of 2019.
Internal displacements continue to be driven primarily by conflict and communal clashes. In 2019, there was a reduction in displacement caused by conflict involving government actors and an increase in displacement due to communal clashes.
Strengthen investigation of acute watery diarrhoea/ suspect cholera alerts in the border counties
At a varying rate, South Sudanese continue to flee to neighbouring countries seeking asylum. Between January and July 2019, some 54,000 South Sudanese individuals arrived and sought asylum in other countries in the region, mostly in Sudan, Uganda, Ethiopia and Kenya, followed by the DRC and CAR. Another 1.5 million South Sudanese remain displaced internally.
Years of eroded livelihoods and prolonged humanitarian assistance have increased aid dependency and people's capacity to cope with new shocks.
Every third school has been damaged, destroyed, occupied or closed since the conflict broke out in 2013.
In 2019, the country saw an upsurge in measles, the leading killer among vaccine preventable diseases.
Annual crop production has reduced during the conflict, with the 2018 deficit being the lowest since the conflict broke out in 2013. This is likely attributable to lower engagement by households in agriculture and reported erratic rain patterns, as well as continued disruption by insecurity of crop planting in the Equatorias, “bread basket' part of the country
Some 6.4 million people were acutely food insecure in August 2019, according to the IPC analysis released in August. Conflict remains the main driver of food insecurity.
Affected areas include Jonglei, Upper Nile, Warrap, Eastern Equatoria, Northern Bahr el Ghazal, Unity and Lakes, where flooding displaced people and damaged crops, livestock, houses, bridges and airstrips, affecting people's movement and living conditions.
The seasonal forecast of the National Meteorological Department of South Sudan reported above normal rainfall in 2019. Heavy rains and flooding since June 2019 have affected large areas of South Sudan, leaving the people more vulnerable with increased humanitarian needs. Some 908,000 people in some 30 counties are estimated to have been affected by floods, according to authorities.
Although violence still affects people's access to services, explanations provided by key informants for lack of access to health care in 2019 were increasingly less connected with political violence, compared to a year ago. Now a larger proportion of assessed settlements report that the main reason why health services are unavailable is because they simply never existed in the area.
The first year since the signing of the R ARCSS saw at least 24 incidents in which health facilities were looted or staff threatened, and this data may only reflect part of the incidents affecting health structures and workers.
The Government's ability to provide basic services to its people is low and inconsistent across the country.
The year on year annual Consumer Price Index, which measures inflation, increased by 89 per cent between June 2017 and June 2018. Resulting high food prices erode income and purchasing power for the urban population who depend on imported food. More people are slipping into poverty. Over 80 per cent of the population currently lives below the absolute poverty line. Although poverty is higher in rural than urban areas, it has grown faster in urban areas since 2009.
However, despite its dominance in the economy, oil has not generated the jobs needed for social and political stability. Livelihoods are concentrated in low productivity, unpaid agriculture and pastoralist work. As much as 85 per cent of the working population are engaged in non wage work, chiefly in subsistence agriculture and livestock rearing.
Men and women alike have been socialized to tolerate domestic violence and it is widely viewed as acceptable within families. Intimate partner violence regularly comprises at least half of all reported GBV incidents. Structural gender inequality and unequal power relations between men and women are the root cause of GBV. Retribution is a concept deeply engrained in the country's culture and traditions. When individual suspects are not punished, their families or communities are left to blame making them proxy targets for vengeance.
Harmful traditional practices are present across the country. They include early and forced marriage, including marriage following cattle raids or age set fights; wife inheritance; abduction of girls for household chores; polygamy; and denial of education for girls due to societal expectations
Traditional gender norms guide everyday life for most South Sudanese. Men are responsible for providing financially for their families, and for assets such as cattle and land. Women control the homestead and household items, as well as small animals. Conflict has changed some practices, and in many cases, women have had to take care of their families alone. Inheritance rights are largely clan specific, and most women are not able to inherit the land and other significant assets of their deceased husbands unless they have a male child.
The population of the country comprises about 60 ethnic groups, the Dinka and the Nuer being the largest. The ethnic composition of different areas in South Sudan has changed due to several decades of conflict, mass displacement, rural to urban migration, and shifting migratory patterns of pastoralist communities.
Other security concerns affecting the civilian population include mines and explosive remnants of war  ( ERW ) , largely concentrated in the Equatorias and criminality, driven by challenges arising out of the fragile economy and fluctuating inflation over time.
The security and protection risks associated with the cantonment process include GBV; forced and child recruitment; loss of civilian character in areas surrounding cantonment sites; housing, land and property rights violations; humanitarian access and bureaucratic impediments; access to services; the occupation of civilian infrastructure, like schools and hospitals; and the proliferation and diversion of weapons.
With the transitional government yet to form and positions not assigned, some political leaders are reported to instigate inter communal violence and mobilize armed herders to destabilize potential appointees in favour of others.  ( 2019 )
Cattle raiding and related inter communal violence is a deeply rooted widespread practice in South Sudan, but one that is increasingly politicized and linked to the broader conflict and insecurity.
Civilian disarmament efforts in South Sudan over past years have been largely unsuccessful due to the lack of rule of law and social norms that normalize the use of weapons and violence to resolve disputes.
Since recording index case on April 4, the country so far has recorded 347 cases of coronavirus, four recoveries and six deaths, privately run Eye Radio reported.
South Sudan, a nation with more military generals than doctors, never had a fighting chance. Five years of civil war and corruption stripped away much of its health system, and today nongovernmental organizations provide the majority of care. Nearly half of the population was hungry before the pandemic. Deadly insecurity continues, and a locust outbreak arrived just weeks before the virus.
[ South Sudan, 2019 ] Deterioration in food security was also reported as one of the main reasons for children dropping out of, or missing school as families preferred to keep them at home to seek livelihoods
[ South Sudan, 2019 ] The number of boys and girls in need represents an 11 per cent increase from 2018. Plausible reasons include the deterioration of systems and services whereby the resilience of households to cope with the economic downturn is seriously tested, or has collapsed, in the absence of support, especially in opposition controlled areas.
[ South Sudan, 2019 ] Some 2,784,276 girls and boys between 3 and 18 years of age in conflict and crisis affected areas are estimated to not have access to pre school, primary and secondary education in 2019. In addition, some 42,902 teaching personnel and members of school management committees are in need of humanitarian assistance.
[ South Sudan, 2019 ] The prolonged economic crisis has also affected teachers directly through delays in, or lack of, payment of incentives. As a result, teachers reported that they were demotivated and looking for other jobs to support their families. In the areas where education continued, the quality of teaching deteriorated due to missed opportunities to train teachers, and because incentive payments to teachers were delayed, or devalued due to currency fluctuations. A combination of all these factors has affected an already fragile education system.
[ South Sudan, 2019 ] A recent needs assessment found that on average, schools lost three to four weeks of education in the latest academic year, and over 50 per cent of the assessed schools reported that this interruption was due to insecurity. Some 21 per cent of assessed schools were non functional, with insecurity being the major cause of school closure. Of the assessed schools, 15 per cent reported having experienced an attack on the school, teachers or pupils, and theft or looting by armed forces and groups
[ South Sudan, 2019 ]  Needs are particularly dire in Central Equatoria, Lakes and Unity. Changes in education needs have been observed in Central Equatoria, Upper Nile and Western Bahr el Ghazal. This is because of a lack of teaching and learning supplies, inconsistencies in provision of teacher incentives, non availability of school feeding programmes, poor infrastructure and insecurity in the region. Girls are more likely than boys to be excluded from education.
[ South Sudan, 2019 ]  IDPs population makes up 77 % of the total target for the Education Cluster.
[ South Sudan, 2019 ] It has the highest number of the children either dropping out of the schools or non attendance, of total 2.8 million learners in need, children from Greater Upper Nile region make up 1.1 million. Throughout 2018 and 2017, this region was the focus of service delivery through education cluster partners, and a larger percentage of donor funding is diverted to Greater Upper Nile due to multiple needs.
659 individuals from the host communities were provided with health care services at the outpatient clinic in Nimule Hospital, bringing the total number of patients seen to 10,804 since 18 October 2020. IOM's support for health facilities in Nimule and Renk ended on the 31 December 2020.
South Sudan continues to see a rise in the number of confirmed cases, with 3,670 confirmed cases, 3,181 recoveries, and 63 deaths, as of 11 January 2021.
Current Returnees  ( Returned between 2016 and September 2020 ) : 1,674,688 Current Returnees from South Sudan  ( Returned between 2016 and September 2020 ) : 1,135,894  ( 68% )  Current Returnees from abroad  ( Returned between 2016 and September 2020 ) : 538,774  ( 32% )
Current IDPs  ( Displaced between 2014 and September 2020 ) : 1,615,765 IDPs in Host Community : 1,240,920  ( 77% )  IDPs in Displacement site : 374,845  ( 23% )
With the dry season unfolding in most of the country, several secondary roads have become passable again, making it possible to transport 104 mt of cargo to deep field locations by road, using the Common Transport Service in coordination with the International Organization for Migration.
Persons with intellectual disability often show cognitive, speech and behavioural problems and require additional assistance for self care and to express themselves, participate in social life, and access  ( specialized )  services.
Reports of self organized refugee returns from Sudan increased in the months following the political unrest in Sudan. Protection monitoring in South Sudan indicates that some return movements are pendular, whereby refugees undertake a short visit to South Sudan before returning to their country of asylum, and that many returnees have not reached their intended area of return.
Wau Masna saw an increase in its population  ( in collective centre  )  by 123 individuals since December 2020.
Following rehabilitation work, the Juba – Bor road became accessible for trucks up to 40 mt. Consequently, the Logistics Cluster ceased accepting Service Request Forms for cargo transportation between the two locations and requested partners to pre position their cargo at Logistics Cluster riverside/office warehouses for onward river/air movements from Bor, as per usual procedures.
Plan International is calling for: Prioritise children's, particularly girls' safety, dignity and wellbeing during food insecurity programmes to avoid causing harm and ensure that accountability mechanisms, including child friendly feedback mechanisms are established which provide gender  and age responsive, inclusive, safe and confidential ways for children and young people to receive information, provide feedback and meaningfully participate in influencing humanitarian programming.
Plan International is calling for: All humanitarian actors must monitor impacts of food insecurity, including indirect impacts, such as the impacts on protection and education, are closely monitored, assessed and responded to, including how food insecurity impacts different groups within affected populations, including by age, gender, ethnicity, location and socioeconomic status.
Plan International is calling for: The humanitarian community to increase the prioritization of and funding for gender responsive and integrated child protection, GBV and education in emergencies interventions, alongside the provision of lifesaving food and nutrition services, in order to ensure that the immediate protection and longer term wellbeing of children, particularly girls is not undermined. This includes integrating child protection and GBV prevention across sectors.
Plan International is calling for: All actors to uphold International Humanitarian Law and ensure respect for humanitarian space, and the government of South Sudan to take all necessary steps to ensure continuous access for humanitarian organizations to all populations in need of assistance. This includes road improvement and clearing pathways to support humanitarian supply chains and logistics, unhindered access to set up humanitarian assistance pipelines and prepositioning of stocks and ensuring uninterrupted delivery of services
394 of at risk children registered and receiving age appropriate case management services including unaccompanied and separated children and survivors of physical assault, sexual abuse and neglect
Key achievements: 13,311 under five girls and boys provided with specialized nutritious foods
Key achievements: Admitted and treated 8,329 children with acute malnutrition
Key Indicators and Targets for 2021: 6,000 children supported to continue their education in safe learning environments including 3,336 children supported with school feeding
Key Indicators and Targets for 2021: 32,360 children and pregnant and lactating mothers with moderate acute malnutrition reached with targeted supplementary feeding
Key Indicators and Targets for 2021: 1,200 HHs reached with emergency livelihood kits
Key Indicators and Targets for 2021: 243,953 people reached with general food distributions and targeted supplementary feeding
Key Indicators and Targets for 2021: 7,750 girls and 7,150 boys women reached with specific child protection interventions
Recommendations: Maintain a conflict sensitive approach to prevent further deterioration in conditions due to potentially increasing rates of violence.
Recommendations: Maintain a forward looking approach to prepare for expected further deterioration and likely upcoming shocks  ( such as flooding or violence )
13 December 2020   62 new COVID 19 cases confirmed out of 63,910 tests conducted, bringing the total to 3,209 cases.
South Sudan continues to see a rise in the number of confirmed cases, with 3,209 confirmed cases, 3,043 recoveries, and 62 deaths, as of 13 December 2020.
In addition, the situation in Greater Pibor Administrative Area  ( GPAA )  in Jonglei State has been classified as ‘catastrophic' with a ‘likely famine' especially in the Western Payams  ( Gumuruk, Pibor, Lekuangole and Verteth ) .
Arrival and departure screening for COVID 19 was conducted, reaching a total of 30,422 travellers, as follows: 10,211 individuals screened at Juba International Airport, 3,152 individuals screened at Wau Airport, 10,200 individuals screened at Nimule Border Crossing, 15 individuals screened at Wunthou  ( Renk ) , 6,844 individuals screened at Amiet  ( Abyei ) .  ( 16   29 November 2020 )
Whilst we commend the decision of school re opening, Save the Children advocates for the government of South Sudan to provide all children with access to age appropriate information about COVID 19 in all applicable languages, including indigenous languages, and to track how rumors and misinformation may be harming or impacting specific groups of children. This information should include the primary and secondary impacts using child protection, Mental Health Psychosocial Support  ( MPHSS )  and Gender Based Violence  ( GBV )  risks and available child friendly services.
The decision to re open schools puts the smile on the face of 2.2 Million children whose right to education was impacted by over six months of schools' closure. However, we urge the government to ensure that these children who are out of school are mobilized to resume their education and to put in place the necessary health guidance to ensure that children, teachers and their parents are protected from potential risks pose by the COVID 19.
IOM continued COVID 19 screening at Nimule Ground Crossing. In addition, IOM provided IPC/WASH support to Nimule PoE, including the supply of clean water through water trucking, rehabilitation and maintenance of sanitation facilities, construction and installation of handwashing facilities, and supply of IPC materials, such as face masks, soap, and hand sanitizers.
Arrival and departure screening for COVID 19 was conducted at Nimule Ground Crossing, reaching a total of 10,384 travellers.  ( 25 January   07 February 2021 )
Red Cross Red Crescent Movement: Helps conflict affected communities in South Sudan become selfsufficient and reunites families. Visit places of detention, support health care facilities, and promote respect for international humanitarian law.
Funding is urgently needed to scale up response to reach communities affected by the combination of Conflict, floods, COVID 19, and desert locust tremors.
In December 2019, UNHCR reported at least that 236,764 people have so returned following the signing of the revitalized peace agreement in October 2018.
[ South Sudan, January 2020 ]  The high food prices and continued currency depreciation have also consistently reduced the purchasing power of vulnerable households who are reliant on market purchases for their food and other basic needs.
Covid 19 Response in Q3,2020: 850,014 individuals reached with handwashing facilities as a response to COVID 19  [ by IOM ]
Covid 19 Response in Q3,2020: 5 Points of Entry  ( POE )  sites supported with COVID 19 related RCCE  ( Risk Communication and Community Engagement )  and IPC/WASH services.  [ by IOM ]
Covid 19 Response in Q3, 2020: 2,794,087 individuals reached with COVID 19 risk communications and community engagement activities  [ by IOM ]
[ South Sudan, January 2020 ]  The cumulative effects of flooding and associated population displacements, localized insecurity, the economic crisis, and prolonged years of asset depletion continue to drive the high levels of acute food insecurity in the country.
COVID 19 localized and community transmissions are rapidly increasing with 7,098 confirmed cases and 87 deaths  ( WHO,2021/2/25 ) . This has caused significant social economic impact evidently seen by escalating food prices combined with negative income shocks, GBV and increase traumatic mental health cases and psychosocial  ( MHPSS )  problems amongst the communities in South Sudan.
Intensified with natural disasters, massive floods have left hundreds of thousands of people displaced in states of Jonglei, Unity, Upper Nile, Bahr el Gazal, and parts of Greater Equatoria leaving the affected population with little or no means to survive. The flooding crisis alone has severely affected an estimated 800,000 people, devastating homes, livestock, crops, functional markets, schools, health facilities, waterpoints and sanitation infrastructure.  ( NCA GPAA Floods Assessment Report, November 2020 )
Vulnerabilities: 28% of total departing HHs reported that at least one member of the HH had a vulnerability, including Breastfeeding 16%, Pregnant 4%, Elderly 4%
Reasons for leaving previous location: Most commonly reported primary reason for leaving previous location for Yambio were distance from family/home  ( 62% ) , Lack of market/goods in markets  ( 17% ) , Lack of job opportunities  ( 7% )
UNICEF continues to support partners to operationalize and mainstream humanitarian cash programmes in South Sudan. In an effort to expand its overall cash programmes, UNICEF continued the implementation of the WASH sector voucher project focusing on the provision of hygiene materials to vulnerable households in response to the COVID 19 pandemic in Aweil, Bor and Bentiu counties.
155,615 individuals benefitting from community managed water supply services  [ IOM, Quarter3 2020 ]
Reasons for leaving Yambio: Primary reported push factors for departing Yambio town October 2020   January 2021 were distance from family/home  ( 54% in October 2020 and 57% in January 2021 ) , Lack of health services  ( 6% in October 2020 and 10% in January 2021 )  and Lack of markets/goods  ( 12% in October 2020 and 9% in January 2021 )
IOM rehabilitated 94 damaged communal shelters, benefiting 272 households  ( 1,222 individuals   567 male and 655 female )  in Wau Protection of Civilians Adjacent Area  ( PoCAA )  and Hai Masna Collective Centre. In total, 300 households also engaged and received cash for work upon completion of shelter maintenance.
IOM completed five assessments in flood affected areas and conducted seven distributions. IOM S NFI team provided in kind S NFI support to a total of 72,938  ( 34,648 male; and 38,290 female )  individuals. Items were distributed to populations in Central Equatoria, Warrap and Jonglei. Beneficiaries received plastic sheets, kitchen sets, blankets, mosquito nets, rubber ropes and the IOM blue bag for the storage and movement of the items.
UNICEF in collaboration with its implementing partners reached 3,901 people  ( 1,326 girls, 1,122 boys, 837 women and 616 men )  with Gender based violence  ( GBV )  prevention, response services and risk mitigation messages. A total of 102 women and girls benefitted from Women and Girls' Friendly Spaces  ( WGFS )  activities ranging from psychosocial support  ( PSS ) , individual and group case management services, referrals for other specialized and non specialised services, as well as skills building courses on livelihoods and well being.
During the month of January, UNICEF and partners reached 2,918 children  ( 1,680 boys and 1,238 girls )  with psychosocial support activities in child friendly spaces, schools and communities in Jonglei, Upper Nile, Lakes, Central Equatoria, Eastern Equatoria and Western Equatoria states. A total of 21 children  ( 13 boys and 8 girls )  were newly identified, registered or documented as unaccompanied and separated children  ( UASC )  of which 1 girl was reunified in Yei and 4 children  ( 1 boy and 3 girls )  were placed in family based care