nlp-thedeep/humsetbias huggingface dataset:
Overall, between May 2018 and January 2019, the median price of food items in Azzawya decreased by 3.7%. Yet the high cost of goods remained the most common barrier for consumers to access food items, as reported by merchant KIs.7 This perception may be explained by the fact that, between 2014 and 2017, prices of core commodities across Libya increased substantially due to the liquidity crisis and the nearly sevenfold depreciation of the Libyan dinar on the parallelmarket. Though the dinar strengthened greatly throughout 2018 and the liquidity crisis began to ease, prices have remained stubbornly high compared to their 2014 levels, which may affect Libyans' perceptions of more recent economic improvements.
Three children and one adult died in the floods that struck Ghat in early June. More than 2500 people were displaced and many are now being hosted by relatives. The town's hospital was struck by the flooding, but is now partially operational. Pharmacies and the hospital's warehouse were also flooded.
On April 6, 2019 armed clashes intensified in the outskirt of Tripoli following the advancement of Libyan National Army  ( LNA )  that led to the flare up of clashes on April 05. The clashes concentrated on Ash Shaheira, Al Aziziyah, Ar Rabita, Souq As Sabt, Wadi Ar Rabei, Al Kasarat and Tajoura and Gharyan. Two airstrikes were reported on July 06 in Ghiryan
Four people died, including three children, and about 30 suffered minor injuries. • Major risk of diseases outbreaks including acute watery diarrhea due to water contamination. • Needs priorities are shifting from household level lifesaving to community level basic service needs.
Similar issues are also highlighted in the rapid needs assessment conducted Zliten which continue to expose women and girls at risks of GBV. As the ongoing conflict escalates, women and girls continue to face not only restrictive movements in Tripoli but also exposed to kidnapping and sexual exploitation and abuse. The joint protection needs assessment points to increased cases of sexual violence perpetrated by militants against non Libyans especially those from Chad, Eriteria and Iraq.
On 10 August, a car bomb exploded outside of a market in the eastern city of Benghazi, killing civilians as well as United Nations staff members. This attack restricted access in the Benghazi area and has caused concern for humanitarian presence in this part of the country.
Unconfrmed numbers of individuals remain trapped in the confict afected areas including nearly 3,300 migrants and refugees in detention centers, out of which 396 are women and girls held in deplorable and unsafe conditions. Recent joint protection rapid needs assessment conducted in Tripoli indicates the general lack of safe places, privacy, insecurity and harassment as the major safety concerns for women and girls. Overcrowded shelters shared by both family and non relatives have been reported.
Clashes have forced more than 100,000 people to flee their homes, adding to the misery of the ordinary people who are already enduring lack of services and power outages.
Tripoli: Since 4 April 2019, the onset of hostilities in Tripoli has resulted in displacement of a large number of families from their homes in search of safety and protection. On 5 April, DTM initiated Emergency Tracking of the displaced households throughout the conflict affected areas of southern Tripoli, and as of 27 June 2019, a total of 20,975 families  ( approximately 104,875 individuals )  have been identified as internally displaced persons  ( IDPs ) .
91% are displaced for economic reasonsand 3% as a consequence of conflict, insecurity or political reasons. 90% are men, 10% women, 8% are minor out of which 33% are unaccompanied.
Access to food, water, sanitation and hygiene can also become important needs for newly affected people in areas exposed to the conflict. Protection and psychosocial assistance are also required. Coordination with stabilization/reconstruction actors that have received significant funding should be improved further through the operationalization of an effective HumanitarianDevelopment Nexus.
Health is the first priority need for displaced persons and returnees. The Libyan health system continues to face serious challenges: institutional capacity is limited; thehuman resource capacity is heterogeneous and its availability is very variable with a higher concentration in major urban centers as compared to Southern and rural areas.
The recent agreement between Turkey and Libya on military cooperation will make a “great' contribution to the stability of the two countries, Turkey's deputy foreign minister said on Monday.
Although highest concentrations are located in Benghazi  ( 29 790 ) , Sebha  ( 22 955 )  and Abusliem  ( 17 555 ) , thousands of others are displaced in other regions, in particular in Ghat, Murzuq and Alkufra  ( in the south of the country ) , out of reach of most humanitarian actors. 81% of IDPs were reported to live in private accommodation and 16% in public or informal shelter.
According to local media, seven out of the 13 killed fighters were senior leaders in Haftar's forces.
The failure to restore the rule of law and demobilize rebel militias after the 2011 conflict has resulted into a widespread insecurity and proliferation of weapons. The porousness of Libya's borders, especially in the south along the migratory route, also allows for trafficking and smuggling, and the circulation of criminals and armed groups. Kidnappings are still of concern for Libyans and foreigners.
Earlier, The Food and Drug Control Center said Al Mishai was abducted and taken to an unknown location by masked gunmen. Meanwhile, a group of Al Mishashiya tribe has threatened to join the fight against Tripoli brigades if Al Mishai were not released.
Late on the night of July 2, the Tajoura detention center in Libya was hit by an airstrike, killing at least 60 refugees and migrants held there and injuring many others. Doctors Without Borders/Médecins Sans Frontières  ( MSF )  had warned about the dangers for months, calling for the urgent evacuation of vulnerable people trapped in a war zone.
The Health team referred 13 migrants who were injured after the airstrike in Tajoura to hospitals for specialized health care, including surgical interventions. The team also provided assistance to 829 migrants inside and outside detention centres as well as disembarkation points. During the reporting period, 247 internally displaced persons were provided with primary and urgent health care across east, west and south of Libya.
Nearly 900,000 people in Libya will need humanitarian assistance in 2020, said the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs  ( OCHA )  on Friday.
The United Nations Support Mission in Libya  ( UNSMIL )  on Saturday confirmed its desire to de escalate the military situation in Libya, as the armed conflict in the capital Tripoli continues between the UN backed government and the rival east based forces led by Khalifa Haftar.
“An estimate of 897,000 people are considered to be in need of humanitarian assistance in Libya in 2020. This reflects the most vulnerable people that have been identified as having the most severe needs,' OCHA said
The basic needs of hundreds of thousands of internally displaced people and returnees, including clean drinking water, medical services and safe housing have all degraded due to the protracted situation in the country, particularly for women and children, OCHA added.
The UN Office also estimated that 655,000 refugees and migrants are in Libya, including 48,000 registered refugees and asylum seekers. “However, refugees and migrants continue to be exposed to protection risks, human rights violations, exploitation and abuse.'
Drones from the United Arab Emirates on Tuesday targeted the Libyan coastal city of Sirte, killing one and injuring three members of forces loyal to the UN recognized Government of National Accord  ( GNA ) .
• Initial humanitarian needs identified include: shelter, food and non food items, and health services. Immediate humanitarian response is provided by the local counterparts; OCHA is monitoring sectoral needs. • Severe damage of roads, telecommunications, houses and farmland vital for livelihoods have been reported.
According to WHO, three children and one adult died in the floods that struck Ghat in early June. More than 2500 people were displaced and many are now being hosted by relatives.
Legal and bureaucratic obstacles have blocked most nongovernmental rescue operations in the central Mediterranean. While Mediterranean departures have decreased since mid2017, the chances of dying in waters off the coast of Libya significantly increased from 1 in 42 in 2017 to 1 in 18 in 2018, according to UNHCR.
More than ever, ensuring the protection of civilians' remains of paramount importance. The growing protection needs for the most vulnerable groups such as those caught up in the conflict areas, displaced people, migrants and refugees in and outside detention centers, should also be addressed immediately.
An estimated 150 people drowned whilst fleeing Libya. It brings this year's toll in the Central Mediterranean Sea to at least 576 people. This entirely avoidable loss of life highlights the desperate lack of search and rescue capacity, and the terrible plight of those fleeing Libya.
Shortly after round 27 data collection had finished, several airstrikes hit a civilian manufacturing site in southern Tajoura on 18 November, killing at least seven civilians and injuring at least 35 others* . The sustained use of air strikes and artillery shelling in the vicinity of areas inhabited by civilians continues to negatively impact the safety and lives of the civilian population as the conflict has become protracted.
Most of the displaced are staying with host families or in private accommodation. About 425 individuals are hosted in 7 centres in Wadi Etba.
On 4 March 2019, one male civilian was injured when an armed group fired at houses in Umm al Araneb's Project 5 neighborhood.On 5 March 2019, unidentified armed men opened fire with a rocket propelled grenade against a group of civilians watching a football game, killing at least three young boys and injuring four others near the Murzuq football field. On 9 March 2019, unidentified gunmen opened fire and killed a civilian as he was driving from Murzuq to Traghen.
Thousands have been displaced as homes and businesses have been looted and burned. This local conflict risks taking on a national dimension as each party mobilises national actors behind them.
Use of heavy weaponry in populated areas is exposing civilians and humanitarian actors to extreme risks. Civilians in conflictaffected areas are at risk of being trapped in crossfire or subject to other forms of violence. In some areas, the population are unable to move because of the intensity of the fighting and the inability of emergency services to reach them.
At least 90 civilians killed and more than 200 injured as a result of the violent clashes which escalated early August, including the air strike that targeted Murzuq area on 4 August. • Over 16,700 individuals and 620 migrants have been displaced to adjacent municipalities.
Several houses and infrastructure were reportedly destroyed, amid continued electricity breakdown and limited telecommunication means.
The situation remains highly insecure. The deteriorating security situation and shelling have damaged infrastructure over the past week and causing intermittent road closures on the three axes leading to Murzuq. The main Sebha Murzuq road is reportedly blocked with possible access only through the western axis SebhaUbari Wadi Etbah Murzuq.
A wave of heavy rainfall hit the southwestern region of Libya on 28 May 2019 and intensified on 2 June. The heavy flooding displaced over 4,000 people and affected over 20,000. WFP, in partnership with the Libyan Red Crescent, assisted some 1,200 displaced individuals in Ghat and Elberket through three community kitchens.
UNHCR added on Tuesday that a total of 4,131 individuals have been identified by UNHCR and its partners to be currently in one of the accessible Libyan detention centres.
Since the clashes in Tripoli started in April 2019, humanitarian space has decreased. Bureaucratic and administrative regulations are often unclear and have changed often, impacting partners' ability to rapidly and safely respond to humanitarian needs, especially in emergency situations. the access of partners reported bureaucratic impediments in the issuance of short term visas, single entry security clearance to international staff and/or obstacles in INGOs registration and renewal of registrations.
Due to the indirect impact of the ongoing conflict a decrease in the job opportunities available to urban migrants was reported in Abusliem. However, migrants were reported to be frequenting the work recruitment points as usual. Freedom of movement for migrants was reported to be restricted. It was also reported that migrants were avoiding going to areas for work where they feared being obliged to participate in the ongoing armed conflict.
Food products are mostly available in the local markets of Tripoli. In Ain Zara, some respondents  ( 14% )  report troubles in finding cooking fuel, milk or tomatoes which confirm disparities in availability of food products between areas in close proximity to the clashes and the rest of Tripoli  ( REACH and IOM ) .
An airstrike, reportedly a UAE drone, carried out by Khalifa Haftar's Air Force killed three civilians as it targeted a car in Sawani in the suburbs of Tripoli.
Haftar's forces have been using UAE's airpower since April 04, when they launched an attack on Tripoli, in attacking Mitiga Airport, Misrata Air College and Airport as well as other civilian properties and residential areas in and around Tripoli.
The UN Higher Commission of Refugees  ( UNHCR )  said on Sunday that 1,350 refugees have been evacuated from Libya to third countries so far in 2019.
Since DTM's last update on 14 August, an additional 605 internally displaced families  ( approximately 3,025 individuals )  were identified, bringing the total number of internally displaced persons from Murzuq to at least 1,890 families  ( approximately 9,450 individuals )  since the beginning of August. Reportedly, most families previously displaced within neighborhoods of Murzuq City have also left the town to nearby communities. Reported displacements include around 300 migrants from Niger, Chad and Nigeria.,
Since the onset of the Tripoli conflict in April 2019, over 218 civilians have been killed and over 289 civilians have been injured due to the ongoing conflict from attacks that use indiscriminate weaponry, being directly targeted, or being casualties to Explosive Remnants of Warin conflict affected areas including Tripoli and Murzuq.
An airstrike by the Libyan National Army  ( LNA ) , on a home in a residential area of Tripoli on October 14, 2019 that killed three girls and wounded their mother and another sister, is an apparent violation of the laws of war, Human Rights Watch said today.
As of 20 August 2019, 4,933 migrants and refugees are estimated remain arbitrarily detained in 20 detention centres across Libya, including some 3,133 individuals in detention facilities in conflict affected areas around Tripoli.
According to the UN migration agency, IOM, 9,450 people have been displaced by the violence in and around Murzuq since the beginning of August. At least 3,000 of them have been uprooted since violence intensified last week, IOM said.
Since 2011, the LibMAC, after centralizing field data from mine stakeholders, has recorded 371 casualties:96 killed; • 272 injured; • 3 unknown survival outcome.
Approximately two thirds  ( 67% )  of the identified returnee population was able to return to their previous homes while others returned to Derna but are staying with host families  ( 12% )  and rented accommodation  ( 21% ) .
The conflict has displaced more than 120,000 people from their homes and destroyed civilian infrastructure. Armed groups in Libya have been operating with near impunity since the end of the 2011 revolution while the domestic criminal justice sector has become dysfunctional.
Many IDPs have also moved to areas along the coastal line of Western Libya and the Nafusa mountains, while approximately 2,700 IDPs are hosted in collective shelters established by local authorities and first responders. 29 collective shelters have been set up to date, the majority of which are in schools with some others set up in holiday resorts and university dorms
Following heavy flooding in Ghat between 28 May  05 June which affected 20,000 people in the municipality, UNICEF responded between 48 hours to the floods by providing safe drinking water to 3,014 people, water treatment tables to 7,747 beneficiaries of which 1,661 are children and implemented a fumigation and waste cleaning campaign for 5,656 people  ( 2,771 males and 2,884 females.
The humanitarian situation has been exacerbated since 04 April 2019 when the Libyan National Army launched an offensive on Tripoli that was met with defence from the Government of National Accord and affiliated armed groups. Up to 500,000 children have been put at risk by this ongoing conflict and civilians have been caught in the cross fire, resulting in 5,863 casualties including 910 deaths, 50 of which were civilian deaths2 . The ongoing violence has also forced 105,000 people, the majority of whom are from areas in southern Tripoli, to flee from their homes.
In 2019, an estimated 17.5 percent of hospitals, 20 percent of primary health care facilities and 18 specialized hospitals are partially damaged or completely destroyed throughout the country.6 Health workers have been targeted by the recent conflict in Western Libya: since 04 April 2019, ambulances have been struck, six health workers have been killed and 12 have been wounded while four health facilities have been hit by airstrikes.
Only 12% of households with a member reported to have physical disability have adequate access to the needed healthcare, while 85% have limited access or no access to it.9 . • Only 5% of Libyan households with a member reported to have physical disability could access the needed mental healthcare services, 47% reported no access to services and 44% limited access10 . • Only 15% of households with a member with a physical disability reported access to physical rehabilitation services, 85% of households reported limited access or no access to physical rehabilitation services.
Survivors and PwDs are facing barriers to their full social and economic inclusion. Despite the lack of proper and comprehensive study on the subject, representatives of organizations of PwDs 12 pointed out the lack of access to inclusive education leading to important school and study drop out; the lack of inclusive employment policies and opportunities; and the lack of adapted professional training as major gaps in the socioeconomic inclusion of survivors and PwDs.
There are an estimated 9,000 individuals currently imprisoned in 28 official prisons under the Ministry of Justice7 , including an estimated 60 per cent of them in pre trial detention. As of June 2019, 278 women were detained, 184 of whom are non Libyans, and 109 youths and children were in the custody of the Judicial Police prisons. According Protection Sector partners, the situation in the Mitiga prison in Tripoli has serious human rights violations, including women and children held without trial and imprisoned for perceived political affiliation. Arbitrary detention contravenes both International Humanitarian Law and International Human Rights Law.
Since April 4, Human Rights Watch has documented other LNA strikes that resulted in killing or injuring civilians and destroying homes and civilian structures with apparently no measures taken against those responsible and no compensation or payments to civilians. These attacks included a strike against a migrant detention center in Tajoura in July that killed 46 civilians.
Since the renewal of hostilities in the current conflict, there has been a reported increase of arbitrary arrest of activists and civilians who publicly criticize or contradict the Libyan National Army  ( LNA )  or Government of National Accord's  ( GNA )  narrative. In June, seven civilians belonging to the Mugharba tribe were arrested by Ajdabiya and were accused of criticizing the LNA. On 17 July 20198 , Seham Sergewa, a member of parliament was abducted in Benghazi. Seham was abducted one day after an interview with a TV station where she criticized the military intervention in Tripoli. On 11 August, two civilians were kidnapped and disappeared from the city centre of Sirte. In a recent protection assessment carried out by the Protection Sector, kidnapping and arrest was highlighted as one of the major protection risk and concerns for the Libyan and no Libyans.
By May 2019 there were an estimated 641,398 migrants, including almost 58,000 children, 20,000 of which were separated or unaccompanied.13 Migrants and asylum seekers face multiple violations of their basic rights, including movement restrictions, high levels of gender based violence, systematic and arbitrary detention with inhumane conditions, unlawful killings, disappearances, kidnapping, extortion and robbery.14 Children on the move have very limited access to or are out of school and are discriminated against in regard to access to essential healthcare services. Reports also indicate that migrants at times lack access to adequate quality and quantities of food.
According to the 2019 HNO, an estimated 823,000 people  ( 11% of the population ) , including around 248,000 children, are in need of humanitarian assistance, especially in protection; access to critical services such as healthcare and education services; access to basic household goods and commodities.
The Libya office of the International Organization for Migration  ( IOM ) , published social media reports on Thursday that some 145 survivors of the shipwreck, mainly Eritreans and Sudanese, were returned to the Libyan shore. The survivors reported that some 250 were on the boat before it capsized, after engine failure.
KIs in some areas, particularly Sebha, expressed concern that certain areas of displacement might be unsafe for some Murzuq IDPs due to ongoing intercommunal tensions.
The Air Force of GNA carried out in the meantime several airstrikes on Haftar's forces and the ground forces managed to capture the commander of Haftar's Gharyan Operations Room Fawzi Buharara.
Moreover, the Institute of Development study in April 2018 reported that 39.7% of PwDs are illiterate  ( compared to 12.2% of the total population ) , a much higher proportion of which are female  ( 54.8% )  compared to male  ( 28.8% ) . Boys with disabilities are also more likely to go to school than girls with disabilities.
The recent clashes in Tripoli caused the displacement of 100,000 individuals and 6845 casualties  ( 1093 fatalities )  between April 4th and July 15th 2019, according to the World Health Organization  ( WHO ) .
In center of Ain Zara, a reduction in the work opportunities was reported, however migrants were still reported to be going to work recruitment points every day. They were also reported to be able to access grocery stores and supermarkets for purchasing food and daily use items. Three other locations in the vicinity of Ain Zara  ( Khallat al Furjan, Salah Eddin, and Wadi al Rabi )  were directly affected by the ongoing armed conflict and assessed separately.
An airstrike on the night of 7 8 May injures two persons inside the Tajoura detention centre; UNHCR reiterates calls for the immediate evacuation of refugees and migrants detained in conflict areas.
Nearly 500 of those who escaped the July attack on the Tajoura detention centre spontaneously entered the Gathering and Departure Facility which is managed by the Department of Combatting Illegal Migration. With over 1,000 refugees, the infrastructure in the Gathering and Departure Facility is overstretched and the humanitarian situation in the facility is deteriorating rapidly.
According to the latest IOM DTM figures, approximately 62,700 persons have now fled their homes as a result of the armed conflict. Some 3,900 new IDPs have been identified since 7 May in Qasr Al Akhyar, Tajoura, Suq Al Jumaa, Wershafana, Al Ajayalat, Garabolli and Tripoli.
The situation in the country remains extremely dangerous due to the continuous and heavy military clashes around the capital that, since the beginning of April, have displaced over 90,000 persons,' said Federico Soda, Director of the IOM Coordination Office for the Mediterranean. “It is a very dramatic context, also confirmed by migrants recently landed in Italy.'
With 2,130 arrivals and 333 deaths on the route from Libya to Europe recorded in the first half of 2019, one person died in the central Mediterranean Sea for every six people who reached European shores after departing from Libya. By comparison, in 2018, 1 person died for every 14 people who arrived by sea in Europe from Libya, with 15,537 arrivals and 1,132 deaths recorded, meaning that the death rate in the first half of 2019 was more than double that in the previous year. In 2017, at least one death for every 38 arrivals was recorded, with 108,255 arrivals and 2,851 deaths.
Notably, an estimated 3,500 refugees and migrants reside in centres located in areas of clashes or where clashes may be imminent. On 2 July 2019, two missiles struck the Tajura' detention centre, leaving 53 detained migrants dead and at least 130 injured, including women and children.
between 1999 and 2018, there were at least 3,302 mine/explosive remnants of war  ( ERW )  casualties: • 410 killed; • 2,886 injured; • 6 unknown survival outcome.
The majority of IDPs are staying in private accommodation, with friends and relatives or in rental accommodation, mainly in urban areas of Tripoli. Many IDPs have also moved to areas along the coastal line of Western Libya and the Nafusa mountains, while approximately 2,700 IDPs are hosted in collective shelters established by local authorities and first responders
Six medical workers abducted by a local armed group in Zintan, Libya, were freed on October 23, 2019, after 12 days of captivity, Human Rights Watch said today. The Zintan authorities should ensure that the captors are held to account.
Sidi Assayeh An estimated 30 individuals who had previously been displaced to Ain Zara were reported to have returned to Sidi Assayeh. Access to cash and livelihood opportunities were reported to be their main needs.
An assessment was conducted by REACH and UNHCR on Internally Displaced People in 2016 in Libya using the recommended Washington Group approach to assess disability types and prevalence in IDP populations affected by the conflict. The report showed that: • 47% of PwDs had difficulties with sight; • 45% had difficulties with movement or walking; • 34% had difficulties with hearing; • 17% had difficulties with communicating or using language.
• Over 1,285 families  ( approx. 6,425 individuals )  have been displaced inside Murzuq and to nearby areas. Some of them are currently hosted in collective shelters arranged by local authorities1
30% of the respondents with disabilities stated that the service needed was too far from where they were and/or that transportation costs to reach assistance were too high; • 55% of respondents with disabilities highlighted as a priority the necessity of obtaining accessible information on the availability of services or during the provision of services; • 59% of respondents with disabilities who had been internally displaced reported having been subject to abuse; • 92% of the humanitarian actors responding to the survey estimated that PwDs were not properly considered in humanitarian response.
According to the 2019 HRP, 17.5% of hospitals, 20% of primary health care facilities and 18 specialized hospitals are partially or completely damaged by the conflict96 .
According to the 2018 MSNA, health care continues to present the most substantial obstacles to Libyan households with the highest proportion of households facing unmet needs  ( 23% )  due to three main barriers in access to services: • Lack of medical staff  ( 43% )  • Lack of money to pay for care  ( 37% )  • Lack of medical supplies  ( 32%
There is an overall lack of ambulance services availability with 0.7 centres per 100,000 population, and no service available Ghat, Wadi Al Haya and Benghazi. Ambulance services are supervised directly by the Prime Minister's Office, under the Authority of Ambulance Services.
Orthopaedic and General surgery structures: there are 47 hospitals which mostly provide major orthopaedic and general surgery, although there is also a capacity to do organ transplants and cardio thoracic surgery. Four districts  ( Sirt, Aljufra, Wadi al Haya, and Ghat )  do not have major surgical services available, while eight districts have readiness scores below 50%. SARA highlighted the need to improve these services.
According to the 2019 HNO, 212 schools were reported to be partially damaged, 14 schools were used as shelters for IDPs and 53 schools have been fully destroyed. This shows that the conflict might have further negatively impacted access to education for children with disabilities, especially in conflict areas.
The Landmine Monitor was able to report, through triangulation of various sources of information, that between 1999 and 2017, there were 3,252 mine/ ERW casualties  ( 382 killed; 2,864 injured; 6 unknown survival outcome161 ) . • The LibMAC has reported 371 casualties in its IMSMA162 database since 2011  ( 96 killed; 270 injured; 2 unknown survival outcome )  163 .
Libya's coast guard has intercepted a dinghy carrying 91 Europe bound illegal migrants, including women and children, off the country's Mediterranean coast.
Libya's coastguards intercepted Wednesday 124 Europe bound illegal migrants, including a woman and children, off the country's Mediterranean coast.
Overall, damage to housing structures in Derna was reported to be considerable, both for residential buildings and public infrastructure. Many buildings suffered varying degrees of damage, putting them in need of shelter rehabilitation. Availability of rental houses and apartments was reported to be sufficient to meet demand in all neighborhoods.
By far the deadliest air strike to occur during the current fighting in Tripoli hit a detention centre housing migrants and refugees, killing and injuring dozens of detainees, on 2 July 2019 at about 11.40 pm. 9 The detention centre belongs to the Directorate for Combating Illegal Migration  ( DCIM )  and is located in Tajoura, on the eastern outskirts of Tripoli, inside a large military base which also houses various militias and security forces.
Among surveyed returnee households, 81% identified food as one their most urgent priority needs; availability of food on local markets was reported to be adequate but respondents often relied on humanitarian assistance and purchasing food on credit to meet their daily needs
At least 4,915 school students in Tripoli in July and August were impacted due to schools damaged from shelling. UNICEF remains concerned about the continued violence in Western Libya and in and around Tripoli which has displaced 128,150 people and continues to subject children to death, injuries and violence.
Among interviewed households, 17% identified WASH as a priority need. Reported WASH priorities were equally split between needs related to water and to sanitation & hygiene. The water network was reported to be functional in assessed neighborhoods and garbage disposal services available. Surveyed households flagging WASH needs also highlighted having insufficient hygiene items to meet their daily needs.
As the security situation reportedly remained stable, people continued to return. In August, at least 65 individuals were reported to have returned to Derna, and their reported needs included food, NFIs, medicines, and protection.
Non food items were mentioned as priority need by 66% of surveyed families. Availability of NFIs on the local market was reported to be good in assessed neighborhoods but returnee families are struggling to obtain needed items due to insufficient purchasing power and liquidity constraints.
Among the surveyed returnee households in Derna, needs related to health care and medical supplies were cited by 38% of respondents while 11% reported a household member to be in need of psycho social support.
An estimated 300 individuals have been displaced to Al Qalaa from Ain Zara; Abuslie; Qasr Ben Gasheer and Swani Ben Adam due to the conflict south of Tripoli, some of the IDPs are staying with relatives and host families while others are staying in rented accommodation. IDPs reported needs were food and NFIs.
Ghat: Heavy rain and floods forced over 5,075 individuals, including 450 migrants, to leave their homes in Ghat to surrounding areas, including Sebha and Ubari. Most IDPs were reported to be staying with relatives and host families while around one third of the displaced population  ( 1,850 IDPs )  were hosted in collective shelters. Reported needs included medical care, food and NFIs.
Doctors Without Borders/Médecins Sans Frontières  ( MSF )  is extremely concerned for the safety of civilians in Tripoli as escalating fighting forces thousands of Libyan families to flee their homes and seek shelter. We urgently call for the immediate evacuation of the more than 3,000 refugees and migrants trapped in detention centers who are at risk of being caught in the crossfire.
Approximately 60 individuals have been displaced to Alhwamid from Ain Zara due to the unstable security situation in it, the IDPs were reported to be staying with relatives and their needs are food; NFIs; baby diapers and cleaning materials.
An estimated 150 individuals have been displaced to Ashshwayrif from Abusliem; Ain Zara and Swani Bin Adam due to the unstable security situation, some of the IDPs are staying with relatives while others are renting. The IDPs needs are food; NFIs; blankets and mattresses. An estimated 25 migrants were reported to have arrived in Ashshwayrif from Southern Libya and are planning to continue their journey to other destinations.
Approximately 35 individuals have been displaced to Azzintan from Abusliem due to the unstable security situation, the IDPs are staying with relatives and their reported needs were NFIs and cleaning materials. An estimated 35 migrants were reported to have arrived in Azzintan from Southern Libya and neighbouring municipalities; reportedly; some were looking for work opportunities while others are planning to continue their journey to other destinations.
Approximately 15 individuals have been displaced to Jnzour from Al Aziziya due to the unstable security situation. The IDPs are renting and their reported needs were mattresses; cleaning items and food. An estimated 65 migrants were reported to have arrived in Janzour from unstable neighbouring municipalities and were reportedly looking for job opportunities.
Areas south of Ain Zara, Khala, Azizya, Wadi Rabiya'a and Qasr Bin Ghashir are largely inaccessible to humanitarian actors due to fighting and random shelling. Explosives devices placed on roads are reportedly hampering the evacuation of civilians from conflict affected areas.
Approximately 150 individuals were reported to have been displaced to Alasabaa from Ain Zara; Abusliem and Qasr Ben Gasheer due to the conflict south of Tripoli, some of the IDPs are staying with relatives while others are renting. IDPs reported needs were food, NFIs, and cleaning materials. An estimated 535 migrants were reported to have arrived in Alasabaa from the south and are reportedly planning to continue their journey to other destinations.
An estimatted 15 individuals were reportedly displaced to Janoub Azzawya from Ain Zara due to the unstable security situation. The IDPs are staying with relatives and their reported needs were NFIs and food. An estimated 100 migrants were reported to have arrived daily in Janoub Azzawya and are planning to continue their journey to other destinations.
An estimated 50 individuals were reported to have been displaced to Zliten from Sebha due to the unstable security situation. the IDPs reported needs were mattresses; blankets and food. An estimated 600 migrants were reported to have arrived to Zliten from south Tripoli, reportedly; some were looking for work while others were planning to continue their journey to other destinations.
Since the beginning of August; the security situation in Murzuq has escalated resulting in the displacement of large numbers of families from their homes looking for safety and protection. As of 27 August, a total number of 5,293 displaced families  ( approximately 26,465 individuals )  was identified since the beginning of hostilities.
Following the closing of a detention centre in Misrata, refugees and migrants have been moved to other facilities in Libya. They are being exposed to increasingly inhumane and dangerous detention conditions. More life saving evacuations outside Libya are needed, as are alternatives to detention. Without such measures, vulnerable people will continue to be condemned to endless detention and exposed to major threats and suffering.
The GNA ousted IS and allied groups from their strongholds of Sirte in 2016, and the LNA similarly won their campaign against IS affiliated groups in Benghazi in 2017 and in Derna in 2018 – with assistance from US air strikes. However, IS groups remain in the far south of the country. They have continued to carry out sporadic attacks, and in turn have been targeted by US air strikes, in coordination with Libya's Government.
The Emergency Telecommunications Sector  ( ETS )  has launched the Common Feedback Mechanism  ( CFM ) , a common hotline and information package for conflictaffected populations
Access has also been an issue for the safe implementation of flights, including the UN Humanitarian Air Service  ( UNHAS ) , which despite challenges continues to connect the country from East to West.
Derna: As the security situation reportedly remained stable, people continued to return. In September, at least 70 individuals were reported to have returned to Derna, and their reported needs included food, NFIs, medicines, and protection..
When asked to prioritize the three most urgent needs for their communities, food, cash assistance and cash to pay rent where the most frequently selected priorities in the top 3 by all population groups. Health and shelter closely followed cash for rent  ( however, if one considers cash for rent and shelter together as one priority, shelter is the top priority after food. However, looking at the charts to select the first priority need only, it was reported as food  ( 39% ) , cash to pay rent  ( 17% )  and shelter  ( 15% ) .
An estimated 150 individuals have been displaced to Sebha; reportedly they left Murzuq due to the volatile security situation. Some of the IDPs are staying with relatives while others are renting, their main reported needs are food and non food items
In addition to IDPs from Benghazi, these areas also host IDPs from Benghazi. While most Derna IDPs have returned home in the last six months, approximately 1,200 families continue to be displaced in several areas in Libya  ( including 600 families within Derna ) . The main reasons of displacement are linked to political opinions, perceptions of supporting the Darna Security Force, or families originating from West Libya. According to several IDPs previously interviewed, the families originating from West Libya were targeted and forcibly displaced, “ethnic cleansing' reasons. The main areas of displacement for the aforementioned families are Tripoli, Misrata, Azzawya, and Zliten, in addition to other scattered areas inside Libya.
In March, it was reported that 50 families have returned to Murzuq who had previously been displaced to Alsharguiya; Sebha; Ubari and Taraghin. Access to food, non food items, and medical have been reported to be their main needs.
Protection actors have reported that Tripoli  residents as well as IDPs who are originally from the east  ( including IDPs from Derna and Benghazi ) , are at increased risk of being targeted for killing, enforced disappearance and arbitrary arrest due to perception by military and security actors about their possible involvement in the fighting or their supposed political affiliation.
11 per cent of returnee households reported the presence of explosive hazards at neighbourhood level while 6 per cent of IDPs and 6 per cent of returnees have left their area of origin because of the presence of explosive hazards
Further deterioration of the humanitarian situation will pose more risks of waterand sanitation borne diseases. Approximately 41,000 IDPs are in need of emergency water and sanitation assistance.
The crisis in Libya has negatively impacted access to water, sanitation and hygiene facilities and practices. The protracted nature of the conflict, and inability of government authorities to execute core government functions, has resulted in weakened technical capacity and reduced resources for WASH service providers.
While the Libyan population continues to rely heavily on government institutions for source of income, the contracting economy is making it increasingly difficult to pay salaries and address basic needs. The lack of other sources of income and employment opportunities continues to heavily affect household purchasi ng power.
Similarly, migrant KIs reported the following to be their greatest barriers to accessing high quality education:  ( 1 )  an inability to afford education  ( both school fees and school supplies ) ,  ( 2 )  linguistic barriers  ( particularly reported by KIs originating from West Africa )  and  ( 3 )  a lack of infrastructure in school buildings  ( electricity, latrines, furniture ) . Besides the emphasis on the cost of school materials, migrant children from the MENA region reportedly face the most similar barriers to those experienced by Libyan children, ranging from a lack of education facilities to the poor educational curricula and the overcrowding of classrooms.
Thirdly, the need for security inside and outside school was insisted upon by education KIs, notably as a means to diminish course interruptions due to clashes.
12% of households were found to be food insecure  ( defined by moderately or severely food insecure ) . 70% of households remain vulnerable to food insecurity  ( i.e. households were found to be marginally food insecure )  and 18% were food secure. 10% of households in Al Jufra were ‘severely' food insecure. This is followed by Tripoli  ( 6% ) . In Al Kufra, twothirds  ( 66% )  of households were moderately food insecure. Mantikas in the south or those that have been directly affected by conflict and displacement are likely to show larger proportions of food insecure households, except for Derna. 87% of households had an Acceptable Food Consumption Score  ( FCS ) . 9% of households had borderline FCS and 3% had Poor FCS.
The ongoing tribal conflct in Sebha since January has left 40 civilians dead or injured due to the indiscriminate shelling of civilian areas. An initial report suggested that more than 400 families have been displaced and are in need of humanitarian assistance.
IDPs hosting unaccompanied minors Less than one per cent  ( <1% )  of IDP households reported hosting an unaccompanied minor. In general, households in the south of Libya were more likely to host an unaccompanied minor, including Al Kufra  ( 2% ) , Wadi Ashshati, and Sebha  ( 1% respectively ) . Around 1% of IDP households in Tripoli and Tobruk also reported hosting an unaccompanied minor. IDP households were more likely than returnee households to host an unaccompanied minor  ( reported by 0.06% of returnee households )  but slightly less likely than non displaced households  ( 0.96% ) .
An estimated 823,000 people, including around 248,000 children, are in need of humanitarian assistance in Libya as a result of persisting political instability, conflict and insecurity, the breakdown of the rule of law, a deteriorating public sector and a dysfunctional economy. These include internally displaced persons, returnees, nondisplaced conflict affected people and host communities, refugees1 and migrants.
Overall people with the most severe and multiple needs across all sectors live in the mantikas of Sirt, Alkufra, Murzuq and Sebha. They have been heavily and extensively impacted by the crisis, have limited resilience, and have been forced to adopt multiple negative coping mechanisms. The main needs are related to protection, access to essential healthcare, education services, and sufficient safe water supplies, and access to basic goods and commodities including food and essential household items.
Libya is a patriarchal society in which women and girls face discrimination in law and practice, and have unequal access to basic freedoms and rights. Women generally have limited participation in leadership, family decision making, and access to finances. They also face restrictions on movement, imposed controls over their behaviour, and risks of exposure to GBV. The crisis in Libya has exacerbated the challenges for women across the country.
During disasters and conflict, children with disabilities are more likely to be left behind, abandoned or neglected, they may lose essential medications and assistive devices, reducing their level of functioning and resulting in increased dependence on caregivers. Children with disabilities in Libya are highly vulnerable and much more likely than be exposed to exploitation and abuse than other children.85 Girls with disabilities are particularly vulnerable and are at risk of sexual and gender based violence.
An estimated 12 percent of the Libyan population are food insecure, out of this, approximately 2 percent are severely food insecure. The food insecurity in Libya is due to a significant deterioration and decrease of economic access, as opposed to food availability. Most of the vulnerable households depend on market purchases as their main source of food, making them very susceptible to rising food prices.
Elderly women are more vulnerable to poverty and disease, and have limited access to services compared to elderly men and the rest of the population. Although it is reported that social security exists in Libya, no data is available to substantiate these claims. For the severely affected elderly to live a dignified life in Libya support with housing, healthcare, income, disability, and access to adequate food is required. Libyans are expected to continue to depend on their children in their old age instead of social security, and the burden of the care giver role is often placed on the shoulders of daughters and other women in the family
Heavy fighting for 11 days in the residential outskirts of Tripoli has caused over 750 casualties  ( including 9 civilians killed and 22 wounded )  and forcibly displaced around 18 500. 5 400 civilians remain trapped in the battle zone including over 1 000 migrants and asylum seekers detained in the vicinity of the clashes. Indiscriminate shelling, airstrikes and snipers have already hit eight ambulances since the beginning of the conflict, killing three medical relief workers.
The current resources to provide specialized health care services to Libyans and nonLibyans across the country have become very scarce and overstretched. Moreover, as reported by the National Center for Disease Control  ( NCDC ) , the country is currently facing an outbreak of measles and rubella. The spread of tuberculosis and leishmaniosis has also been widely reported.
The spread of upper and lower respiratory infections has significantly increased among the children due to the low coverage of routine immunization services, limited capacity of PHC centres and polyclinics, and the inadequate medical supplies and service providers at secondary health care level. A measles outbreak affected an estimated 1,200114 people and led to two deaths. In 2018, 75 percent of the Health Sector priorities remain unfunded, which has limited the response capacity of Health Sector partners.
As a result of the volatile security situation triggering periodic incidences of displacement and a refugee and migrant population of almost 670,000, the severity of health needs is a major concern. The spread of infectious diseases has increased. The number of tuberculosis cases in 2016 was 118111 while in 2017 it was 1,357.112 An estimated 15 per cent of people affected were refugees and migrants.