nlp-thedeep/humsetbias huggingface dataset:
Populations in partly accessible or inaccessible areas and who are cut off from markets and humanitarian assistance are facing wide food consumption gaps indicative of Emergency  ( IPC Phase 4 ) . The risk of Famine  ( IPC Phase 5 )  continues in a worst case scenario where conflict shifts and would significantly restrict household movements and humanitarian access.
Also, of concern during the reporting period were the incidents of fire outbreaks in Monguno, Ngala and Dikwa camps which resulted in damage to shelters, food and NFIs and loss of lives. These fire outbreaks have left over one thousand households without shelters and Non Food Items  ( NFIs )  thereby exposing them to risks. Stakeholders including community gatekeepers and the State Emergency Management Agency  ( SEMA )  have conducted joint assessments to ascertain the direct and indirect causes of fire incidents with the aim to put measures in place through community ownership to mitigate their recurrence.
Of the 2,009 protection cases identified 1,440  ( 72 % )  cases involved IDPs and spontaneous returnees with specific needs  ( PSN )  who were then referred for required services. These included 75.02% cases with serious medical condition, 9.19% cases related to SGBV, 6.78% of cases involving pregnant/lactating mothers, 3.53% related to child protection, 2.32% cases identified with mental/physical disability, 2.32% cases requiring legal and physical protection and 0.84 % of the cases involving older persons unable to care for themselves.
66% of IDP HHs reported agriculture was the HH's main source of income, and 48% of HC HHs reported agriculture as the main source of income.
Documentation is a challenge in BAY States, lack of documentation hampers freedom of movement and exposes IDPs and returnees to human rights violation and also denial of rights and services. Also, limited access to birth certificate put children at risk of statelessness.
Between 1st and 14th of June heavy sandstorms and rain flooded 5 camps and destroyed properties including 35HH IDP shelters. In addition, an urgent need to provide shelters and NFIs to accommodate 926 HH who are sleeping outside without shelter, i.e. 20,900 IDPs in reception centers and new arrivals.
Among IDP HHs, the average reported monthly per capita expenditure on WASH was 352 naira. 3 For HC HHs, the average monthly per capita expenditure on WASH was reported to be 734 naira. 6 The average reported walking time to the nearest latrine was 5 minutes for IDP HHs and 2 minutes for HC HHs.
46% of the IDPs are living in emergency and transitional shelter, 33% in makeshit, 11% in collective/communal shelter and 10% in public facilities. • 926HH are living in the open in Maiduguri  [ 920 ] , Kaga  [ 5 ]  and Girei  [ 1 ]  • 3,529HH are sharing shelter in across 35 sites in 11 LGAs. • 19,781 shelters are damaged across 96 sites in 15 LGAs
A total of 70,380HH need complete NFI kits. This include 13,029HH in Monguno, 10,822HH in Maiduguri, 8,9633HH in Jere, 8,574HH in Dikwa, 7,434HH in Ngala, 4,098HH in Damboa, 3,941HH in Bama, 3,684HH in Gwoza, 3,191HH in Konduga, 6,842HH in Magumeri, Yola North, Girei, Fufore, Kaga, Mafa LGA. 42% of the sites reported that blankets/mats are the most needed NFIs while Kitchen sets are the second most needed NFIs in .
The States of Borno and Yobe recorded NSAG attacks on security forces and civilian population in Gwoza, Ngala, Dikwa, Bama, and Damboa. Attacks included ambushes, illegal check points on humanitarian and main supply routes between Maiduguri  Damaturu, Maiduguri Monguno, Dikwa Marte; attempts to detonate PBIEDs in camps and host communities in Dikwa, Ngala, Banki, Gwoza. . IDPs have either been killed or injured in some of these attacks including an 8 year old male child who was injured by a stray bullet along with a woman in Bama IDP camp. In Adamawa State, NSAG attacked civilian populations in Krinshinga and Gulak ward of Madagali Local Government Area  ( LGA )  carting away farm produce and burning several houses and shops
In Katsina alone, over 50 persons have been killed by bandits since the beginning of May. Incidence report from other northwestern states affirms an almost similar high number of casualties.
Widespread conflict related to armed banditry, kidnapping, cattle rustling, and communal conflict in northwestern and central states has resulted in an increase in the number of fatalities, displaced populations, and further constraints on market access. Additionally, those who are recently displaced often have difficultly accessing income to purchase food. Coupled with lockdown, curfews and border closures related to the COVID 19 pandemic substantial populations in Plateau, Nasarawa, Taraba, Kaduna, Benue, and Niger states as well as in northwestern states of Katsina, Zamafara, and Sokoto states are expected to be in Stressed  ( IPC Phase 2 )  or Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  through at least September
The main source of drinking and non drinking water at displacement sites is the borehole. Other sources of water supply include hand pumps, wells, water vendors and water trucking. 74% of the displacement sites has an average waiting time at water points less than 30 minutes while 20% is between 30 minutes and an hour and 6% above one hour.
86% of latrines in Borno are functional while 14% are damaged. • 6 sites in 4 LGAs  ( Girei in Adamawa state, Jere, Konduga and Maiduguri in Borno state )  do not have latrines on site. 44% of latrines across 107 sites in 16 LGAs need gender marking. • 4,326 latrines needs desludgement across 78 sites in 14 LGAs
The cost of the food SMEB in Maiduguri and Jere LGAs was 23,331 naira during the week of 12 16 May 2020. • The cost of the food SMEB rose by 11% during the week of 12 16 May 2020 when compared to 1 6 May 2020. • The rise in cost of the food SMEB was predominantly driven by increase in prices of 4 items, namely local rice, maize, palm oil and groundnut oil.
In the beginning of May, the crude oil production quota decreased by 400,000 barrels/day to about 1.83 million barrels/day per the OPEC quota. The decline in oil production quota in combination with the decline in oil prices has resulted in a significant decrease in government revenue and projected revenue. Similarly, the interbank exchange rate of the Naira has depreciated to 360 NGN/USD from 306 NGN/USD in the last month. The year on year inflation rate has increased from 12.26 percent in March to 12.34 percent in April. Additionally, foreign investors have started devesting in business, which has further increased demand for FOREX and pressure on foreign exchange reserves. As a result, the economy is likely to deteriorate in at least the medium term.
• 84% of the total showers are functional while 16% need to be repaired. • 18 sites in 4 LGAs  ( Girei in Adamawa state, Konduga, Jere, Maiduguri and Dikwa in Borno state )  do not have shower on site. • 1,811 showers needs to be repaired across 77 sites in 15 LGAs
45% of the camps in the displaced LGAs currently have access to vocational trainings. IDPs in all the camps can access a market in the camp or nearby
Monguno Local Government Authority  ( LGA )  has been at the centre of the humanitarian crisis in north east Nigeria, with Monguno town experiencing intense fighting and insecurity. • Monguno town is in the north eastern part of Borno State, 133 Kilometres from Maiduguri city. • The LGA has seen the killing of hundreds of civilians, the abduction of women and girls, the destruction of towns, and the large scale forced displacement of populations. Livelihoods have been devastated and assets looted. • Monguno LGA borders with Chad on the fringes of Lake Chad, and throughout the crisis civilians have fled from neighbouring communities of Baga, Kukawa Doro, Marte and Kekeno into Monguno town.
The six next most affected states by the number of deaths recorded include Rivers – 176, Benue – 167, Niger – 100, Sokoto – 90, and Kogi – 88 persons. In January 2020 ACLED reported 507 fatalities throughout Nigeria, which is similar to the 510 fatalities recorded in January 2019. Borno state, the epicenter of the conflict in the Northeast had an average of over 288 fatalities per month between January 2018 and January 2020.
Areas where populations are affected by significant losses of livelihoods activities and who remain inaccessible to humanitarian actors are likely facing similar or worse food security outcomes as adjacent, accessible areas. Extreme levels of acute food insecurity, including Famine  ( IPC Phase 5 )  are possible in a worst case scenario shift in which conflict would significantly restrict humanitarian access and household movements.
Data from CFR Nigeria security tracking, from January to June, indicates that 366 civilians, 1794 Boko Haram terrorists and 375 state armed forces died in 101 incidents. Unending attacks continue to trigger displacements in the terror zone. The risks of spending N20 billion on 10,000 housing project in a state with high risks of volatility is grave.
Shelter, food, non food items and clothes were identified as the immediate needs, until further assessment can be conducted.
The Nigerian state intends to resettle all internally displaced persons in Borno state before the end of May 2021. The over a decade jihadist violence in its northeast region has left about 2.5 million displaced around the Lake Chad Basin. In Borno state that has borne the worst of the Boko Haram insurgency, about 1.5 million have been displaced. Nigeria's displaced population find refuge in overburdened camps for internally displaced persons  ( IDPs )  where they face a stinging humanitarian crisis and are sometimes exposed to attacks by the insurgents. As government plans for this lofty ambition, there are many issues to consider.
Humanitarian hubs, managed by IOM for the humanitarian community, are critical to reaching the most vulnerable in insecure areas in Borno State. They enable aid workers to deliver assistance and carry out life saving activities in remote locations amid challenging operational environments.
The camp population has however continued to grow due to spontaneous movements, with the current population estimated at 7,332 Households/ 39,560 individuals displaced from Jere, Mafa, Marte, Bama, Konduga, Kala/balge, Dikwa, and Ngala LGAs. Major ethnic groups residing in the camp include Kanuri, Fulani, Shuwa, and Garmarju.
The war against insurgency is still ongoing as jihadists continue to unleash terror in the region. Arguably the ‘technically defeated' phrase has waned with renewed attacks. According to the Council on Foreign Relations  ( CFR ) , about 38,000 people have died as a result of the Boko Haram conflict. In June, about 174 civilians, 60 Boko haram insurgents and 29 state actors were killed in 15 incidents recorded.
According to data collected by the Borno State Emergency Management Agency  ( SEMA ) , with the support of a team of IOM community volunteers, the fire razed down makeshift shelters of 1,613 households affecting 1,613 households. Two people died in the fire, an adult and a child. One block of IOM latrines and a borehole structure were also partially damaged. An unknown number of animals also got burned.
More recently, starting in 2011 and accelerating since 2014, the North West has also suffered a surge of violence between pastoralists and allied armed groups frequently called “bandits', on one hand, and farmers supported by community and state sponsored vigilantes, on the other. The situation has been further aggravated by the proliferation of deadly criminal gangs, thriving in a region awash with arms and which state security forces struggle to control.
Over the last four decades, Nigeria's North West has witnessed waves of violence including sectarian clashes, Islamist militancy and electoral violence. From 1980 to 2010, it saw numerous Christian Muslim and intra Muslim riots. Between 2011 and 2015, Kaduna and Kano states suffered many Boko Haram bombings and shootings, most notably the 20 January 2012 attacks in Kano city that killed about 185 people. In 2011, after the then opposition candidate, Muhammadu Buhari, a Muslim from the far northern Katsina state, lost the presidential election to the incumbent, Goodluck Jonathan, a Christian from the Niger Delta, protests in fourteen northern states – including all seven north western states – escalated into ethnic and sectarian riots that left over 1,000 people dead and 74,000 displaced.
Largely occurring in rural areas, the violence has spread from its epicentre in Zamfara state to Kano, Kaduna, Katsina, Kebbi and Sokoto states in the North West and into Niger state in North Central Nigeria. Accurate fatality records are unavailable, but several reports point to at least 8,000 people killed from 2011 to the present, predominantly in Zamfara state and mostly over the last five years. Jihadist groups are slowly but surely stepping up their presence in the region, taking advantage of the security crisis and surge in criminality.
On 22 June 2020, IOM's DTM program carried out an assessment to ascertain the level of damage sustained in the camp due to heavy windstorm and rainfall on the 21st of June 2020. The rainfall in Teacher's village of Maiduguri Metropolitan Council, left 198 emergency shelters damaged, 2 damaged toilets and an estimated 1,084 individuals without shelter. The affected population without shelter include 474 men, 610 women and 638 children
According to data collated from secondary sources, this indicated a decrease of 68,000 bpd when compared to 1.84 m/bd produced in March 2020. In its April market report obtained by Vanguard, OPEC, which doubted the capacity of the global economy to take much oil at this time, stated: “The world economy is forecast to face a recession in 2020, declining by 3.4 percent, following global economic growth of 2.9 percent in the previous year. Within the OECD, the US is forecast to contract by 5.2 per cent in 2020, following growth of 2.3 per cent in 2019.
With the onset of the rainy season in Nigeria's confict affected northeastern State of Borno, varying degrees of damages are expected to infrastructures  ( self made and constructed )  in camps and camp like settings. This is so because the rains are more often than not accompanied by very high winds and have been known to cause serious damage to properties.
The crisis has had gender differentiated effects on the area's population. Thousands of men and boys have been kidnapped or killed, as well as robbed of their cattle or possessions, leaving thousands of women as both widows and sole remaining breadwinners.
The COVID 19 pandemic and the subsequent collapse of international oil prices abruptly halted Nigeria's fragile economic recovery.
The government has, e.g., restricted the movement of people, limited the size of gatherings, closed air borders, extended its land border closures  ( to include human traffic ) , tightened controls on access to seaports, and set a curfew.
Women and workers in the informal sector are more likely to be affected by the pandemic and associated containment measures.
45% of IDP HHs reported petty trading was the HH's main source of income, and 56% of HC HHs reported petty trading as the main source of income.
On 26 May 2020, IOM's DTM program carried out an assessment to ascertain the level of damage sustained in camps and camp like settings due to heavy windstorm and rainfall between 23rd and 25th May 2020. Overall, 18 camps were affected in Gwoza, Bama, Maiduguri, Jere and konduga LGAs. The worst hit of the camps assessed was the Muna El Badawy Camp in Jere Lga where a heavy windstorm reignited unguarded cooking fireses. This led to fire outbreak that left 622 makeshift shelters damaged and an estimated 3,576 individuals without shelter, with two casualties recorded in the disaster.
Internally displaced persons  ( IDPs )  living conditions are appalling, characterised by irregular and inadequate food distribution, crude shelters, and poor health and sanitation services. As there is no officially recognised IDP camp in Zamfara and Katsina states, many internally displaced are in makeshift camps or scattered in towns and villages away from home, which obscures the scale of displacement. The IDPs' plight is compounded by the near absence of humanitarian actors from affected areas, largely due to significant underestimation of the violence's scale and impact, but also because insecurity limits access for needs assessment in certain places.
The majority of IDP HHs  ( 57% )  reported their main source of cooking fuel to be charcoal, and the majority of HC HHs  ( 62% )  reported charcoal to be their main source of fuel. The most commonly reported transportation mode used to access cooking fuel was walking for IDP HHs  ( 74% )  and walking for HC HHs  ( 51% ) .
Major complaints in the assessed camps are lack of shelter repair kits for reinforcement and blockage of drainage system restricting proper ow of water. Although the Camp Coordination and Camp Management  ( CCCM )  unit of IOM have responded with the provision of over 100 sand bags,there is still a major need of shelter, shelter repair kits, construction and cleaning of drainages as a preparedness measure in all camps.
But women and girls have also been targeted for attacks, which frequently involve gender based violence. Many have been kidnapped and raped, sexually assaulted during raids or forced into “marriage', especially to members of the herder allied armed groups whose attacks on farming villages are partly motivated by communal vendettas. Some of the women raped in captivity suffer doubly: even if they survive and are released or escape, they are often rejected by their husbands. If women are impregnated by their abductors, the babies they deliver are similarly shunned by their communities.
The violence has also exacted a severe toll on children. In Zamfara state, the government reports that over 16,000 children have been orphaned as a result of violence in the last decade. Other estimates by some political leaders in the state point higher, with one putting the number as high as 44,000. As the violence has disrupted schooling in many areas, it has also swelled the already high number of out of school children in the region and thus the number of child street beggars in many towns and cities.
Among IDP HHs, the average reported monthly per capita expenditure on WASH was 253 naira. For HC HHs, the average monthly per capita expenditure on WASH was reported to be 451 naira.
Supplementary feeding for children, pregnant and lactating mothers was carried out in 52% of the camps while screening and supplementary feeding for malnourished children was carried out in 44% of the IDP camps.
Informal workers in Nigeria are especially vulnerable to the latter type of disruption because they have no employment related protection and no social safety nets. This is highly significant because the informal economy represents 41 percent of GDP and employs 53 percent of Nigeria's active labor force.
In BAY states, 3.7 million people are at risk of facing Crisis and Emergency levels of food insecurity in June August 2020
Of all  ( 93% IDP and 94% HC )  HHs with reported presence of women of reproductive age, 4% and 3% respectively reported not using sanitary pads in the 3 months prior to data collection.
Among IDP HHs that reported not receiving medical treatment in the last month, the most commonly reported barrier to accessing healthcare was: no cash for drugs  ( 100% of HHs ) , for HC HHs, this was: closed health center  ( 33% of HHs )
Since late 2019, ISWAP and Ansaru have themselves started taking credit for attacks in the region. In October, ISWAP claimed responsibility for an attack on Nigerian troops in Sokoto state. On 14 January 2020, when gunmen attacked the motorcade of the emir of Potiskum, Alhaji Umaru Bubaram, on the Kaduna Zaria highway, killing at least six people and abducting several others, Ansaru claimed responsibility, making this ambush its first claimed operation since 2013.
26% IDP HHs and 14% HC HHs reported having at least one school aged child in the family not enrolled in school. For IDP HHs, the most common mode of transportation used to go to school was walking  ( reported by 63% of HHs ) , and walking for the HC  ( reported by 51% of HHs )
Over 16,000 shelters need to be constructed across north eastern Nigeria. With this gap, there is need for critical and urgent need for shelter intervention in Borno, Adamawa and Yobe states
47% of the IDPs are living in emergency and transitional shelter, 31% in makeshift, 13% in collective/communal shelter and 9% in public facilities. 950HH are living in the open in Maiduguri  [ 859 ] , Mafa  [ 50 ] , Jere  [ 22 ] , Kaga  [ 5 ]  and Konduga  [ 14 ]  .3,063HH are sharing shelter across 39 sites in 13 LGAs. 24,315 shelters are damaged across 95 sites in 15 LGAs
The risk of spread of disease is high due to the rise of the informal sector, the low resilience of the malnourished population, the large increase in human population and lack of investments in animal health.
Due to the low purchasing power of the population and to an inefficient Government unable to implement any type of social protection programmes, per capita consumption of poultry meat and eggs has declined to 1.2 kg and 2 kg per year, respectively.
There are limited employment opportunities along the poultry value chain.
There is thus significant point source pollution of soil and water in semi intensive and intensive poultry production systems.
During the reporting period, the number of damaged shelters due to heavy wind and rainfall continue to increase. As a result of this, many families have been affected and are currently living in the open without shelter or sharing shelter with other households
A total of 74,462HH need complete NFI kits. This include 14,024HH in Monguno, 13,018HH in Maiduguri, 9,380HH in Dikwa, 8,521HH in Jere, 7,829HH in Ngala, 4,838HH in Damboa, 4,568HH in Konduga, 4,065HH in Bama, 2,730HH in Gwoza, 2,000HH in Mafa, 3,489HH in Magumeri, Yola North, Yola South, Girei, Fufore and Kaga LGA.
In 2019 remittances to Nigeria fell from $24.3 million in 2018 to about $23.8 billion
Fourteen  ( 14 )  cases of Lassa fever reported as at 10 February 2020, with 2 associated deaths. The cases are from MMC  ( 5 ) , Jere  ( 1 ) , Bayo  ( 4 ) , Chibok  ( 1 ) , Askira Uba  ( 1 ) , Gwoza  ( 1 ) , and Biu  ( 1 ) . Two  ( 2 )  samples tested positive while, seven  ( 7 )  samples were negative. 5 samples results are pending with lab, Bayo  ( 2 ) , Gwoza  ( 1 ) , Biu  ( 1 ) , and Askira Uba  ( 1 ) .
There is a major need of shelter, shelter repair kits, construction and sanitation materials as a preparedness measure in all camps, provision of basic NFI as well as reconstruction of damaged toilets and shower areas. No casualty was reported except in Shuwari 5 Camp in Maiduguri where 3 individuals were injured.
In week 06, the number of new confirmed cases increased from 104 cases in week 05, 2020 to 109 cases. These were reported from 19 states  ( Ondo, Edo, Ebonyi, Kano, Kogi, Kaduna, Delta, Taraba, Plateau, Bauchi, Enugu, Kebbi, Nasarawa, Rivers, Katsina, Benue, Adamawa, Sokoto and Oyo )
On 9 June 2020, IOM's DTM program carried out an assessment to ascertain the level of damage sustained in camps and camp like settings due to heavy windstorm and rainfall on the 8th of June 2020. Overall, 12 camps were affected in Maiduguri, Jere, Damboa and konduga LGAs. The worst hit of the camps assessed was the Doron Baga Camp in Maiduguri Metroplitan Council where a heavy rainfall left 50 makeshift shelters damaged, 6 damaged toilets and an estimated 500 individuals without shelter.
( 8 May 2020 ) : The number of confirmed cases reached 3,526 more than doubling from 1,728 cases registered in the previous week
In week 08, the number of new confirmed cases decreased from 115 cases in week 07, 2020 to 102 cases. These were reported from 18 States  ( Ondo, Ebonyi, Edo, Bauchi, Plateau, Benue, Lagos, Enugu, Gombe, Kaduna, Katsina, Kogi, Sokoto, Taraba, Delta, Rivers, Adamawa and Nasarawa )   ( Table 3 ) .  Cumulatively from week 1 to week 08, 2020, 118 deaths have been reported with a case fatality rate  ( CFR )  of 17.1% which is lower than the CFR for the same period in 2019  ( 21.8% ) .
ISWAP reacted by immediately attacking the Nigerian base at Monguno where some Chadian forces had been based. Militants failed to take the base, but the attack demonstrated their tactical awareness and ability to exploit the MNJTF's weaknesses.
During the period 16 to 22 May 2020, 412 movements were observed at twenty two Points of Entries in Adamawa and Borno states. Of the total movements recorded, five were incoming from Nord in Cameroon while 131 were incoming from Extreme Nord of Cameroon.
Of all confirmed cases, 72% are from Edo  ( 32% ) , Ondo  ( 32% )  and Ebonyi  ( 8% )  States.  The predominant age group affected is 21 30 years  ( Range: <1 to 78 years, Median Age: 33 years ) . The male to female ratio for confirmed cases is 1:1.2  ( Figure 4 ) .  The number of suspected cases has significantly increased compared to that reported for the same period in 2019.  No new Healthcare worker was affected in the reporting week 14.
In total for 2020, 27 States have recorded at least one confirmed case across 128 Local Government Areas  ( Figure 2 and 3 ) .  Of all confirmed cases, 72% are from Edo  ( 33% ) , Ondo  ( 32% )  and Ebonyi  ( 7% )  States.  The predominant age group affected is 21 30 years  ( Range: <1 to 78 years, Median Age: 33 years ) . The male to female ratio for confirmed cases is 1:1.2
At the beginning of April 2020, the police stormed the Damilu mosque in Yola, Adamawa, fired warning shots and dispersed worshipers who allegedly congregated in the mosque defying the applicable restrictions. The security forces used batons and it was reported that 20 persons were injured.
Several reports concern the beating of civilians trying to cross checkpoints, moving around in the street, walking or sitting outside their home. Others, including pregnant women, were threatened by security forces with beating.
Nigeria has witnessed an increase of an average of above one thousand COVID 19 cases per week, since the week of 18 April when testing across the country increased  ( see graph1  ) . As of 15 May there are 5,162 recorded cases of COVID 19 across the country. Lagos, Kano, Federal Capital Territory, Borno, Gombe, Katsina, Bauchi and Jigawa are responsible for 60 per cent of confirmed cases in the country
In Yobe a report of about 471 deaths within five weeks led to an investigation with initial reports revealing that most deaths were of elderly people with pre existing medical conditions such as hypertension and diabetes. Bauchi state, on Monday announced a 10 day lockdown on three areas that border Kano state in a bid to contain the increase in COVID 19 cases, curb rapid community transmission and allow for effective contact tracing and testing.
This reporting week saw the first cases recorded in north east Nigeria, an area home to over 1.8 million IDPs. A lockdown in Borno State commenced 22 April for a period of two weeks while contact tracing and testing is being conducted. On 22 April, Governors of the 36 states of the Federation agreed on an inter state lockdown for two weeks from 27 April to mitigate the spread of the pandemic from state to state. This lockdown proposal is set to be reviewed by the Presidential Task Force for approval by the President.
Lockdowns in Abuja and Lagos continue, and airport closures were extended to 7 May. In both locations, there have reports of civil unrest, increased criminality and demonstrations against lockdown measures.
A breakdown analysis of the cases shows 71 per cent of confirmed cases are from three states  ( Lagos, FCT and Kano ) , 68 per cent of the cases are male, while 31 40 years age group were the most affected. Additionally, 51 per cent of the current cases do not have any epidemiologic link indicating an increase in community transmission.46,000,000 Children affected by COVID 19
There is a major need of shelter, shelter repair kits, construction and cleaning of drainages as a preparedness measure in all camps, provision of basic NFI as well as reconstruction of damaged toilets and shower areas. No casualty was reported except in Bakasi Camp in Maiduguri where 2 individuals were injured.
A total of 1,426 movements were recorded, composed of 1,077 arrivals and 349 departures, between 18 and 24 May 2020. Arrivals were recorded at loca�ons in Askira/Uba, Gwoza, Mobbar, Ngala, Bama, Damboa and Monguno Local Government Areas  ( LGAs )  of Borno. Arrivals were also recorded in Demsa, Madagali, Maiha, Gombi, Hong, Mubi North, Mubi South, Numan, Song, Yola North, Yola South and Girei LGAs of Adamawa.
On 5 May 2020, IOM's DTM program carried out an assessment to ascertain the level of damage sutained in camps and camp like settings due to heavy windstorm and rainfall between 4th and 5th June 2020. Overall, 10 camps were affected in Gwoza, Maiduguri, Jere and Konduga LGAs.
349 Departures were recorded in Askira/Uba, Gwoza, Damboa, Dikwa and Kala Balge LGAs of Borno; Fufore, Gwoza, Madagali, Maiha, Michika, Mubi North, Numan, Song, Yola North, Girei, and Lamurde LGAs of Adamawa also recorded departures.
Askira/Uba: 186 arrivals were recorded in Askira/Uba LGA of Borno state. The arrivals included 167 from Uba and Lassa wards in Askira/Uba LGA. 11 arrivals were aslo recorded from Hong LGA and 8 from Yola North LGA in Adamawa state. 89 per cent of the movements were as a result of improved security and 11 per cent poor living condi�ons.
Damboa: 159 arrivals and 3 departures were recorded in Damboa LGA of Borno state. All 159 of the arrivals were from Damboa ward, Damboa LGA in Borno state. All 3 departures were from Azur/Multe/For For ward in Damboa LGA. 98 per cent of the movements were triggered by military opera�ons and 2 per cent due to poor living condi�ons.
The Federal Government and the Ministry of Education informed that schools will not be reopened until the health and safety of children can be guaranteed
As of 30 May, over 58,726 people have been tested, out which 9,302 tested positive with 35 states and the Federal capital Territory  ( FCT )  having reported at least one confirmed case. Kogi State became the last but one state to record infections. The NCDC reported two cases during this reporting period leaving Cross River State as the only remaining state without a reported case. Within the reporting week, states that reported the highest number of cases were Lagos, Kano, Federal Capital Territory, Katsina , Borno and Jigawa
Gwoza: 131 arrivals and 9 departures were recorded in Gwoza LGA of Borno State. The arrivals included 120 from Bama LGA and 4 from Maiduguri Metropolitan Council LGA of Borno state. 5 arrivals were also recorded from Mubi South LGA and 2 from Yola North LGA of Adamawa state. All 9 departures were from Bama LGA of Borno state. 67 per cent of movements recorded were as a result of poor living condi�ons and 33 per cent voluntary reloca�ons.
Yola South: 109 arrivals were recorded in Yola South LGA of Adamawa state. The arrivals included 95 from Lamurde LGA and 7 from Yola South LGA in Adamawa state. 7 arrivals were also recorded in Askira/Uba LGA of Borno state. 87 per cent of the movements were triggered by conflict/a�ack and 13 per cent due to voluntary reloca�ons.
Ongoing conflict, poor living conditions, fear of attacks and military operations resulted in the movement of 12,289 persons in January, out of which 9,577 were new arrivals. Most movements were recorded in Ngala, Monguno, Bama, Damboa and Konduga in Borno state . An attack on Government Senior Secondary School  ( GSSSS )  Camp in Monguno rendered an estimated 2,728 Internally Displaced Persons  ( IDP )  homeless, after the destruction of more than 300 shelters and properties. The incident occurred January 7, when non state armed groups  ( NSAGs )  attacked the camp. Four casualties were reported, including two children, an adult male and one adult female, with scores of injured persons. The affected population are currently living with friends with unmet emergency needs
An exhaus�ve nutri�on screening using mid upper arm circumference  ( MUAC )  and Oedema for acute malnutri�on was conducted by Sector partners for 67 children of 6 59 months. Of the 67 children screened, the MUAC reading was 8 children  ( 1 in In accessible and 7 in accessible areas )  in the Red category, 7 were in the Yellow category and 52 were measured in the Green category. No case of Oedema was reported in the 4 LGAs that we received reports from.
The results also include 19 children from neighbouring countries  ( 2 in Bama, 8 in Mobbar and 9 in Ngala ) ; of all the 19 children measured, 4 children were in the red category with 13 in the green category and the remaining 2 in the yellow category. All children found with acute malnutri�on have been admi�ed in the treatment programme.
In Maiduguri, humanitarian actors are responding to the urgent needs of newly arrived IDPs who were forcibly evacuated on January 3 by the military from Jakana to Dalori I in Maiduguri. New arrivals from Jakana reported that they were relocated against their will want to return home. Humanitarian partners have sufficient resources to respond to the immediate needs, but there are significant concerns about protection. Specifically, regarding child protection as the forced relocation resulted in a high number of family separations and the death of at least two infants who were separated from their mothers.
At least in three incidents, persons were moving while trying to access medical care. In one incident, a man's hand was broken as a result of such beating. In May 2020, a group of boys were severely beaten by soldiers while fetching firewood close to the trench dug by the military around an IDP camp in Gwoza. The soldiers said this is a no go area for civilian
February witnessed 11,322 movements across the three northeast states. Out of which 8,653 were arrivals and 2, 669 departures. Movements were attributed to ongoing conflict, poor living conditions, fear of attack and voluntary relocation. Needs identified by IDPs included shelter, protection services, health and nutrition services, provision of food, and access to water and sanitation . In addition to increased security incidents that has continued to affect humanitarian access, military restrictions on the movement of goods within the reporting period affected the transportation of items such as Ready to Use Therapeutic Food  ( RUTF )  and fuel to LGAs outside the state capitals.
Among those arrested in Adamawa were journalists and worshipers who were also beaten for allegedly participating in social gatherings. In Borno, a man was stopped by the police as he was travelling in his car during lockdown. He was beaten and then detained. His family was not properly informed about his arrest and whereabouts.
At least two patients who escaped from isolation centers were arrested by the police and transferred back to the isolation facility. While an arrest may have been justified in this exceptional case, in the above mentioned incidents, it seemed unnecessary and involved excessive force. Importantly, even lawful arrests can often be carried out without physical force. In any case, using excessive force is always prohibited.
Out of 720 suspected cases with samples collected and tested 303  ( 42.1% )  were IgM positive for Measles  ( Laboratory confirmed )  while 407 ( 56.5% )  were IgM Negative  ( discarded )  o A total of 40 LGAs across 18 states had ≥3 confirmed measles cases  ( outbreak )  o Katsina  ( 10 LGAs ) , Kebbi  ( 5 LGAs ) , Niger  ( 3 LGAs ) , Jigawa  ( 3 LGAs )  Kaduna  ( 3 LGAs ) , Adamawa  ( 2 LGAs )  Sokoto ( 2 )  and Osun ( 2 )  while, Gombe, Nasarawa, Plateau, Taraba, Zamfara, Abia, Akwa Ibom, Ekiti, Borno and Oyo states have one LGA each.
In Adamawa, persons without civil documentation were stopped at a military checkpoint and asked to sit under the sun for hours, while some were forced to sweep while being held. In one case, two men went outside to look for food, and stopped by the military. They were beaten and forced to ‘frog jump' as a form of punishment.
In this reporting month, 1 st – 31 st January 2020: o 1,618 suspected cases of measles were recorded in 36 states and FCT with 5 deaths  ( CFR=0.3% )  o Katsina  ( 356 ) , Sokoto  ( 324 ) , Borno  ( 165 ) , Bauchi  ( 91 )  and Yobe  ( 88 )  states account for 62.3% of the cases reported in January 2020 o A total of 72 LGAs across 20 states had ≥5 suspected cases
In total for 2020, 26 states have recorded at least one confirmed case across 92 Local Government Areas  ) .  Of all confirmed cases, 74% are from Edo  ( 35% ) , Ondo  ( 33% )  and Ebonyi  ( 6% )  states.  The predominant age group affected is 21 30 years  ( Range: <1 to 78 years, Median Age: 33 years ) . The male to female ratio for confirmed cases is 1:1.2  ( Figure 4 ) .  The number of suspected cases has significantly increased compared to that reported for the same period in 2019.  Four new Health Care Workers were affected in Ondo, Delta and Kaduna states in the reporting week 06.
In total for 2020, 27 States have recorded at least one confirmed case across 115 Local Government Areas  ( Figure 2 and 3 ) .  Of all confirmed cases, 72% are from Edo  ( 34% ) , Ondo  ( 32% )  and Ebonyi  ( 7% )  states.  The predominant age group affected is 21 30 years  ( Range: <1 to 78 years, Median Age: 33 years ) . The male to female ratio for confirmed cases is 1:1.2 .  The number of suspected cases has significantly increased compared to that reported for the same period in 2019.  Four new Health Care Workers were affected in Edo and Ondo states in the reporting week 08.
In the north east, Bakassi IDP camp in MMC LGA recorded its first case of COVID 19 with contract tracing ongoing. Northern States are moving Almajiri children across borders to mitigate the risks of COVID 19. To date, Kaduna State moved 30,600 children from Kaduna, while at the same time, received 265 boys from Kano, Plateau and Jigawa who have been placed in a temporary shelter during a mandatory 14 day quarantine period before family reunification. 21 boys tested COVID19 positive and are currently being treated designated treatment centre.
Apart from shutting its airports and land borders to curtail the spread of the coronavirus, several states in the federation including Lagos, Abuja, and Ogun have also closed their inter state borders.
Already in 2019, groups were seeking to move from the MNJTF's area of operation along the Nigeria Cameroon and Nigeria Niger borders.
With the COVID 19 pandemic, mass immunizations across the region have been postponed until further notice, which hinders outbreak response activities.
61% of IDP HHs reported agriculture was the HH's main source of income, and 67% of HC HHs reported agriculture as the main source of income.
The majority of IDP HHs  ( 70% )  reported their main source of cooking fuel to be firewood_charcoal, and the majority of HC HHs  ( 73% )  reported firewood_charcoal to be their main source of fuel. The most commonly reported transportation mode used to access cooking fuel was walking for IDP HHs  ( 78% )  and walking for HC HHs  ( 80% )
The average reported walking time to the nearest latrine was 3 minutes for IDP HHs and 2 minutes for HC HHs. 45% of IDP HHs were found to have high risk hand washing practices, it was 42% for HC HHs.2
According to the majority of IDP HHs  ( 42% ) , self produced was the most important source of food, while this was self produced for the majority of HC HHs  ( 37% ) . The average reported travel time to buy food was 30 minutes for IDP HHs and 30 minutes for HC HHs. The most common mode of transportation used to buy food was walking for IDPs  ( reported by 58% of HHs )  and walking for the HC  ( reported by 50% of HHs ) .
The majority of IDP HHs  ( 75% )  reported their main source of cooking fuel to be firewood, and the majority of HC HHs  ( 76% )  reported firewood to be their main source of fuel. The most commonly reported transportation mode used to access cooking fuel was walking for IDP HHs  ( 62% )  and walking for HC HHs  ( 63% ) .4
Of all  ( 98% IDP and 92% HC )  HHs with reported presence of women of reproductive age, 15% and 18% respectively reported not using sanitary pads in the 3 months prior to data collection
Among IDP HHs that reported not receiving medical treatment in the last month, the most commonly reported barrier to accessing healthcare was: closed health center  ( 25% of HHs ) , for HC HHs, this was: traditional remedy  ( 31% of HHs
Of all  ( 95% IDP and 95% HC )  HHs with reported presence of women of reproductive age, 5% and 2% respectively reported not using sanitary pads in the 3 months prior to data collection
25% IDP HHs and 12% HC HHs reported having at least one school aged child in the family not enrolled in school 27+73H 27% High 12% 73% Low 88% HH Education Vulnerability Score24 12+88H IDPs: HC: For IDP HHs, the most common mode of transportation used to go to school was walking  ( reported by 71% of HHs ) , and walking for the HC  ( reported by 64% of HHs )
In the absence of more efficient methods of both crop and livestock production, the desertification and the population growth have intensified competition for territory suitable for farming and grazing. Violence has accordingly accelerated in the last decade between largely Hausa farmers and predominantly Fulani pastoralists, two populations who live in close contact across north western Nigeria.
Over the last ten years, the North West has seen an explosion in criminal activity, amid the proliferation of both guns and armed Hausa and Fulani who branch off into activities such as cattle raiding, kidnapping for ransom, pillage and robbery of gold miners. Criminal armed groups tend not to get involved directly in feuds between farmers and herders  ( and their armed proxies )  but are primarily focused on their illicit enterprises.
According to the data of Closing Civic Spaces, in Nigeria there has been a rapid increase of human right violations by the police since the beginning of the pandemic
Criminal gangs have also generated revenue by engaging in kidnapping for ransom and raiding communities for loot across the North West. Gangs target both individuals  ( particularly rich farmers and local businessmen )  and entire communities. In Zamfara, a government constituted committee reported that over 3,600 people were kidnapped in the state between 2011 and 2019.
On 22 February 2020, the government of the Nigerian state of Niger  ( which shares borders with Zamfara, Kebbi and Kaduna states ) , reported that violence had displaced 10,000 people from communities in ten of the state's 25 local government areas. More recently, in March, the National Emergency Management Agency reported 105,463 people displaced in Sokoto state.
Although this is not the case across the whole country, COVID 19 poses a threat to the Nigerian health system, especially in conflict affected areas. Two thirds of health facilities in the BAY states are not functioning because of conflict related damage
Chadian troops reinforced their positions on the Chadian side of the lake and a contingent, eventually numbering over 1,000 troops, entered Nigeria in February.
In addition, efforts to contain the spread of coronavirus disease  ( COVID 19 )  have negatively affected livelihoods, restricting access to food and other essential goods and services, according to food security actors.
The Nigeria Centre for Disease Control  ( NCDC )  has identified poor public perception and compliance to health protocol on prevention of COVID 19 spread as the major reason responsible for government's reluctance to open schools
In 2019, three organisations – Pastoral Resolve, Search for Common Ground and Terre des Hommes – supported by the French embassy in Abuja, conducted a multi sectoral needs assessment for Zamfara state, but there has been no comprehensive assessment for the entire region.With many humanitarian organisations already overstretched by the demands in Nigeria's North East, the overall humanitarian response in the North West remains patchy and grossly inadequate.
The risk perception by the public is still very low and it's because our population structure consists mostly of youth who may have the disease and not have symptoms. Re opening schools will further spread the disease.
According to the NCDC daily update, Nigeria now has more than 22, 000 confirmed cases of COVID 19 cases with fatalities above 500.
Dr Disu further explained that because the Nigerian health system was weak, opening up schools coupled with the onset of the wet season which comes along with increase in flu like diseases, children would run the risk of contracting and spreading the COVID 19 disease
In many parts of north western Nigeria, the violence has deeply unsettled the economy. Agriculture, on which about 80 per cent of the population depends for livelihoods, has been particularly hard hit. For several years, farmers in the affected areas have been abandoning their fields for fear of attack or kidnapping. In Zamfara state, over 13,000 hectares of farmland have been either destroyed or rendered inaccessible as a result of attacks by herder allied armed groups and criminal gangs.
Boko Haram conflict displaced thousands into unsanitary internally displeased persons  ( IDPs )  camps in Borno, and cholera outbreak in Muna Garage IDPs camp affected 5340 cases  ( 61 deaths ) .
Millions lack access to basic health care and clean water, and immunization coverage is far below national goals. While the region has a long and proud history of Islamic and Arabic scholarship, apathy toward, and inadequate investment in, formal education over the decades have contributed to a literacy rate of 29.7 per cent.
An estimated 35,055 individuals require shelter assistance and 89,525 non food items  ( NFIs ) . About 47 per cent of camps are congested, while reception centres are overcrowded, which poses significant environmental and sanitation risks and leads most IDPs to live in poor conditions with insufficient space for shelters or inadequate numbers of latrines.
Private schools have stopped paying teachers, it increases poverty in the long run. Sources of livelihood for the teacher is therefore cut off. Budget submitted to the national assembly show a cut in education.
He further urged the government to invest in alternative learning methods for people living with disability as well as coming up with policies that are inclusive.
The zone currently has the highest number of out of school children in Nigeria. On top of those who do not attend school at all, millions of children are in the poorly resourced and ill supervised Quranic school system, or almajiranci,which produces cohorts of unskilled youth. Much like the rest of the country, the region also suffers very poor local governance, characterised by the mismanagement of public funds.
By the end of December, 5,073 cases of acute respiratory infection were reported through EWARS in Borno State in IDP camps and host communities. Of the reported cases, 313 were from Shuwari Host Community Clinic in Damboa, 232 were from Sabon Gari Lowcost IDP camp clinic  ( MDM )  in Damboa, 169 were from GSSSS IDP Camp Clinic in Bama and 164 were from 1,000 Housing Estate Clinic in Dikwa. No associated death was reported
On the use of alternative learning platforms for students, the panellists of eight emphasized the need for government to invest in online and digital channels for learning to take place for the country's teaming young population.
The online channels of instructions need to be deployed keeping in mind the safety of students and teachers
As herder farmer conflicts and criminally motivated attacks spread through the North West, young men in many predominantly Hausa communities increasingly mobilised themselves into vigilante groups, referred to as yan sa kai  ( volunteer guards ) , to protect their villages. In so doing, they became a source of insecurity themselves. Armed with locally made guns, machetes, clubs and other crude weapons, they meted out harsh sanctions to real or perceived perpetrators of robberies and raids.