nlp-thedeep/humsetbias huggingface dataset:
Sources of information were reported to be limited in most of the assessed LGAs. Radios were reported to exist in 66% of assessed settlements overall, with the lowest proportion of assessed settlements in which radios were reported in Abadam  ( 30% ) , Dikwa  ( 40% )  and Marte  ( 20% ) . Radio signal was similarly reported to be present in 68% of assessed settlements, with the lowest proportion of settlements in which radio signals were reported in Dikwa  ( 40% )  and Marte  ( 40% ) . Of the settlements in which radios were reported to exist  ( overall 66% ) , KIs from 85% of assessed settlements reported community members have access to radios, with the lowest proportion of assessed settlements in which this was reported in Gwoza  ( 45% ) .
The main source of information was reported to be in person conversations in about half of assessed settlements  ( overall 42%, see Graph 9 ) , this was particularly commonly reported by assessed settlements in Bama  ( 78% )  and Marte  ( 80% ) . KIs from about a third of assessed settlements  ( 30% )  overall reported radio as the main source of information, most commonly in Damboa  ( 64% )  and Guzamala  ( 56% ) . Overall, 15% of assessed settlements were reported to not have any source of information, with the highest proportion of assessed settlements reporting this in Abadam  ( 70% )  and Dikwa  ( 47% ) .
In most assessed settlements it was reported that most people had difficulty accessing the information they needed on humanitarian assistance  ( overall 78% ) . The exception was in Jere, where people in none  ( 0% )  of the assessed settlements were reported to difficulty accessing the information they needed regarding humanitarian affairs. Of assessed settlements that reported difficulty accessing information on humanitarian assistance  ( 78% ) , most reported that it was because the security situation prevented information from coming through  ( 74% )  and in about a quarter  ( 22% )  of these settlements it was reported that the main reason was that there was no mobile network
People in the majority of assessed settlements were reported to have received some information regarding the situation in IDP camps  ( 69% ) . The most commonly reported information concerned the availability of humanitarian services  ( 47% of assessed settlements ) , information related to COVID 19 in the camps  ( 24% )  and safety and security in the camps  ( 19% ) . The relatively high proportion of assessed settlements with reported knowledge of the situation in IDP camps related to COVID 19 suggests that people who are sharing this information in person are stressing the importance of COVID 19 or that radio information campaigns related to COVID 19 in IDP camps have reached some H2R areas.
All of the IDI participants shared that they are currently separated from some family members. Reasons given for the separation included that family members were abducted or victims of forced recruitment, losing track of the family members while escaping during an attack, and family members being too afraid, weak or old to make the journey out of the H2R settlement. Most of the IDI participants reported that they have not had contact with the family members since the separation.
The UNICEF trained hygiene promoters and WASH Community networks, traditional and religious leaders and COVID 19 Action Committees have continued to sensitize community members on preventive measures, signs and symptoms of COVID 19 in all eight UNICEF focused LGAs in Benue and in the nine internally displaced person  ( IDP )  camps. Jingles on COVID 19 awareness and prevention continue to be aired on a daily basis in English, Pidgin, Hausa, Igbo, Kanuri and Yoruba languages by various radio stations across 17 states continuously reaching an estimated number of 8.5 M people.
North east WASH response During the reporting week, 375 hygiene promoters were trained  ( 146 Female )  in four LGAs while 41,958 individuals  ( 22,822 female )  were reached with key messages on COVID19 prevention and control in six LGAs. Up to 76,222 bars of soap were distributed across four conflict affected LGAs reaching a total 19,055 beneficiaries  ( 9,908 female )
In Adamawa state, 50 posters were distributed to two HCFs in Yola South and Girei LGA to support COVID 19 awareness and prevention. 85 persons in one IDP host community reached with 408 pieces of soaps to promote hand hygiene measures to prevent the spread of COVID 19.
Sensitization sessions continue to be guided by the WHO/NCDC guidelines on hand washing, maintenance of physical distancing and wearing of face mask. CCCM partners are also working in collaboration with health partners and other stakeholders to address issues around surveillance and border monitoring too. The sector and partners alongside the Government counterpart  ( NEMA/SEMA )  continue to scale up coordination with other agencies in implementing the Standard Operating procedures  ( SOP )  on refugee returnees in border LGAs of Damasak, Ngala, Bama and Dikwa
Shelter needs of 2,725 individuals were addressed which includes; emergency shelter kits distribution, emergency shelters, and shelter rehabilitation. This was done through the distribution of 261 emergency shelter kits to 1,305 individuals. This response is designed to provide temporary and immediate shelter assistance. In addition, 360 individuals were assisted with emergency shelter  ( Bama type ) , 1,060 individuals were supported with the rehabilitation of the damaged permanent structure, across the BAY states.
In support of the decongestion strategy, UNHCR/MRRR have constructed 500 shelters in Banki, and the same will be replicated in Ngala. The additional space approved by the state government would accommodate some 4,000 shelters.
A resurgence in violence continues to ravage entire communities eleven years into a protracted conflict in the north eastern states of Borno, Adamawa and Yobe. Aid workers and the people they are trying to help face extraordinary challenges due to the COVID 19 pandemic   a global health crisis that no country was adequately prepared for. The dire consequence of these two unprecedented challenges have caused a major increase in humanitarian needs.
The use of explosive weapons such as rockets in populated areas has also killed and injured civilians. Several incidents during this period are highly relevant for humanitarians travelling by road and working on the expansion of IDP camps. One incident involved a civilian driver who removed a stick on the road which was concealing an IED, triggering the detonation of the explosive and killing one man and injuring another.
In March and April, Mine Action operators continued their efforts to encourage individuals to develop safe behaviour in relation to explosive devices and reached a total of 46,754 people through explosive ordnance risk education  ( 11,810 girls; 14173 boys; 12,117 women; and 8,654 men )  through 661 risk education sessions delivered to internally displaced persons, host community members, refugees and returnees in 16 Local Government Areas across Borno, Adamawa and Yobe states.
The Mine Action Sub Sector also continued to engage with the Federal institutions in charge of preparing a strategy to meet Nigeria's obligations towards the Anti Personnel Mine Ban Convention to which the country is a party.
Due to physical distancing measures as part of COVID 19 prevention, Mine Action Sub Sector partners have had to reduce the number of participants in Explosive Ordnance Risk Education sessions. As a result, fewer civilians are able to participate in risk education sessions to access life saving messages.
The existing Housing, Land and Property  ( HLP )  needs are likely to become more severe as a result of COVID 19, despite challenges in addressing them due to movement restrictions. The pandemic is posing serious risks to the already insecure tenure for a majority of internally displaced persons  ( IDPs )  in north east Nigeria. Across Borno, Adamawa and Yobe states, 60 per cent of IDPs reside in host communities while 40 per cent reside in IDP camps.
[ 01/07/2020 01/08/2020, North East Nigeria ] The implementation of preventive measures to curb the spread of COVID 19 is ongoing and closely monitored to identify the successes and the challenges in prevention and response. Success includes community involvement and participation in sensitization and awareness sessions, and risk communication activities; it also includes continuous border monitoring and implementation of COVID 19 surveillance at the entry points to promote access to the territory. Some challenges remained the skepticism in the community with regards to COVID 19, risky behaviors, and insufficient isolation centers
When asked about level of awareness about the diseases among their community residing with host communities, 48 per cent of respondents felt that most people knew about it, 38 per cent of respondents felt that everyone knew about the disease. Only 8 per cent of respondents felt that half the people knew about it and 6 per cent felt only a few people knew about the deadly virus. The perception that nobody knew about COVID 19 was 2 per cent in Benue and 1 per cent in Kaduna
Based on our regular monitoring of the 31 informal sites mapped as hotspots for evictions since January 2020, the sub sector has recorded an increase in evictions from 30 per cent to 50 per cent, as exemplified by these six cases registered in MMC and Jere LGAs within a span of one month as opposed to the regular one or two cases received per month in the previous months. This is attributable to inability of the tenants  ( IDPs )  to pay rent, further aggravated by COVID 19 related economic hardships; the lack of incentives for landowners to use of their land; and the need for landowners to use their land for other profitable purposes.
A small minority  ( 6% )  of respondents said they received threats of evictions since March 2020 while 94 per cent did not receive any threats of evictions. A vast majority of respondents in Katsina with the highest percentage  ( 85% )  said they received eviction threats.
In March and April 2020, the HLP Sub Sector prioritized supporting the COVID 19 response while implementing regular activities to promote HLP rights. The HLPSS mapped hotspots for potential evictions and developed a monitoring plan, as well as created a contact database of landowners and community leaders. Moreover, the Sub Sector maintained regular communication with community based contacts to be responsive to COVID 19 related evictions.
In March and April, HLPSS partners along with the Mine Action Sub Sector trained 30 participants from State Governments, UN agencies and international and national NGOs in Yola, Adamawa State on mainstreaming HLP into their work and Explosive Ordnance Risk education.
HLPSS partners also held successful negotiations to halt a planned eviction of 559 IDPs from Biafra Camp Bulabulin in MMC LGA, when the IDPs were unable to meet landowners' demands to pay between 500 to 1000 Naira monthly as rent since October 2019. An earlier agreement between the landlord and IDPs stipulated that rental charges would apply after five years of free occupancy in shelters constructed by humanitarians on private land. The landlord gave 14 days' notice for the IDPs to vacate the site. Negotiations on tenancy terms/agreement and processing cash for rent are ongoing.
Since Nigeria recorded its first COVID 19 case in February 27, the cases have continued to increase with the northeast with 634 recorded cases as of 30 June  ( 491 in Borno, 84 in Adamawa and 59 in Yobe ) . However, testing in the north east remains a challenge, specifically in parts of Yobe and Adamawa.
Health Sector partners, led by WHO, continue to scale up response and support to the State Ministry of Health  ( SMoH ) . This support includes guidance on risk communication and case management, community mobilization, tracing, training of medical personnel, and technical assistance to the isolation and treatment centers. Sporadic, but continuous activities of NSAGs in Gujba, Bursari, and Geidam LGAs are impeding humanitarian access and activities.
Recommendations: To ensure optimal functionality of markets amid the spread of COVID 19, there is a need to implement mitigation measures including social distancing, hand washing, and sanitizers in the markets, as closures of the markets, as an alternative, is affecting the local economy and the wellbeing and livelihoods of populations
[ 12 October 2020,Nigeria ] The rainy season also poses additional risks for the outbreak of endemic diseases like malaria and cholera, and humanitarian organizations combined awareness raising and prevention with continued efforts to prevent the spread of COVID 19.
UNICEF is providing technical and resources support to government led coordination mechanisms; including specific sectors such as risk communication, infection prevention and control, epidemiology/surveillance and case management
Despite challenges posed by the COVID 19 pandemic and growing insecurity in Borno, Adamawa and Yobe states, humanitarian organisations have already reached 2.6 million people during the first half of the year
The HLPSS also supported 745 returnees to replace and issue new land titles for IDPs returning to MMC, Gwoza, and Mobbar LGAs of Borno State. HLPSS partners covered the administrative fee to local government authorities in these locations to secure returnees' land ownership, which serves as proof in future property disputes. The Sub Sector also provided support to the Adamawa State Ministry of Land and Survey with office stationaries to support land administration at the state level.
In April 2020, the HLPSS monitored evictions and advocated on behalf of the HLP rights of IDPs. Two oral eviction notices asking three households  ( 21 individuals )  to vacate their rented shelter within a maximum of 30 days were recorded. In April, a total of 360 individuals were evicted from two informal camps in Borno State due to landowners wishing to utilize their land for other purposes.
The COVID 19 pandemic continues to worsen the economic situation in north east Nigeria thereby further limiting the coping strategies available to communities. As a result of COVID 19, particularly the limitations it is putting on livelihood opportunities, there is an indication that the number of evictions are likely to rise.
As of May 2020, the humanitarian community has reached 23 per cent of the population targeted with multi sector  ( Education, Health, Nutrition, Wash, Early Recovery and Food Security )  assistance and general protection interventions. Some 35 per cent of these interventions are mostly health related. However, significant gaps remain in Food Security, Protection sub sectors, Early Recovery, and CCCM and Shelter  NFI, where less than one per cent of people targeted have been reached.
[ 1st Sep 2020, Nigeria ] The urban inflation rate increased by 14.31 per cent  ( year on year )  in September 2020 from 13.83 per cent recorded in August 2020, while the rural inflation rate increased by 13.14 per cent in September 2020 from 12.65 per cent in August 2020.
Recommendations: Intensive public and community enlightenment/awareness on the standard operating procedures  ( SOPs )  set by the state to mitigate community spread and transmission of COVID 19 pandemic should be implemented to promote buy in and compliance.
In March and April, the COVID 19 pandemic led to the closure of schools in Borno, Adamawa and Yobe states, thereby impacting the Education in Emergency response and further limiting access to education for conflict affected children. The closure of schools is affecting some 4.2 million students in BAY States, the most vulnerable groups of children targeted by the education partners through the 2020 HRP, are likely to be impacted the most.
Recommendations: There is a need for humanitarian partners to roll out post COVID 19 preparedness and response plan to cushion the impacts of lockdown on vulnerable populations. The state government needs to urgently implement policies that will bring about improvements in the living standards of poor populations in all seventeen  ( 17 )  LGAs of the state to reduce dependency and vulnerabilities.
About 400,000 IDP children attending some form of learning in the camps and host communities will be affected by the interruption of learning activities. As a result, the Education Sector needed to adapt its response in light of COVID 19 prevention measures to ensure continual provision of education services.
Awareness messages on COVID 19 preventive measures were provided to four foster parents and caregivers  ( two women, two men )  and five children  ( three boys and two girls )  that arrived in Jakana town in Konduga LGA. Additionally, 34 Child Protection Committee members  ( 14 men, 20 women )  were also reached with child protection awareness messages including on gender based violence  ( GBV )  risk mitigation and the prevention of violence, exploitation and abuse of children. The children and caregivers were provided with hygiene materials and face masks to help mitigate the spread of the COVID 19 virus.
The Education Sector held consultations in Yobe and Borno states to finalize the EiE multi year strategy, allowing education actors from Federal and State Governments, UN agencies, international and national NGOs to review, comment and agree on the response framework and scenarios. The Education Sector developed and submitted a funding proposal in the amount of $2 million USD for the COVID 19 EiE response. The project has been approved and $1 million has been allocated for the first phase of the response.
The cost of the food SMEB in Maiduguri and Jere LGAs was 22,319 naira during the week of 29 June   07 July 2020. • The cost of the food SMEB increased by 2% during the week of 29 June   07 July 2020 when compared to 16 20 June 2020. • The rise in cost of the food SMEB was predominantly driven by rise in prices of four items, namely local rice, groundnut, groundnut oil and palm oil.
[ 01/07/2020, Gwoza LGA, Borno state ]  KIs from 4 assessed settlements reported that residents were likely to seek help if they experienced symptoms of COVID 19, while KIs from 1 settlement reported that residents were not likely to seek help.
The Education Sector conducted two strategic meetings with EiEWGs in Borno and Yobe states to ensure a clear coordination in the process of the COVID 19 education response. All humanitarian actors agreed to support the governmentled strategy to have one harmonized response. Several partners have funding to support remote education options such as radio, TV, and e learning, which should be structured in line with state strategies. UNICEF will be leading the COVID 19 education technical working group in Borno State
March and April, Education Sector partners enrolled 72,090 children  ( 41,818 girls and 30,272 boys )  in Biu, Dikwa, Jere, Konduga, Gwoza, Monguno and MMC LGAs  ( Borno State )  in schools. Partners also helped improve the learning opportunities for 16,806 children  ( 8,697 girls and 8,109 boys )  by implementing Teaching at the Right Level  ( TaRL ) .
[ 1st Nov 2020,North east Nigeria ]  Awareness raising sessions and sensitization: A total of 49,401 IDPs, returnees, and host community members participated in 1,098 awareness raising sessions organized in the Borno, Adamawa and Yobe States  ( Men: 12,993 Male; Women: 17,298 Women; Boys: 8347 Boys and Girls: 10,763 ) . The theme covered issues identified during protection monitoring, Focus Group Discussions and community engagement meetings and included security and safety, referral pathway, and peaceful coexistence, and GBV prevention and response and risk mitigation, as well as COVID 19 risk communication, and community engagement. All activities were conducted in compliance with COVID 19 preventive measures.
KIs in all 15 assessed settlements reported that no isolation centre had established in their community, and KIs in 14 settlements reported that no COVID 19 information centre had been established.
[ 1st Dec2020, North east Nigeria ] DRC distributed a 3 month supply of hygiene kits comprising of 15 bars of soap to 632 HHs in Mubi South, 877 HHs in Mubi North, and 4,857 HHs in Gwoza.
The number of people in need of urgent assistance in north east Nigeria rose from 7.9 million at the beginning of 2020 to 10.6 million since the onset of COVID 19
Despite these considerable achievements, the humanitarian situation in Nigeria remains one of the largest crises in the world today. Urgent assistance is needed to curtail the spread of COVID 19 in the most populous country in Africa, especially in overcrowded camps for internally displaced persons.
Up to 7 million people may become food insecure, up from pre COVID 19 figures of 3.7 million
Partners also built 27 temporary learning spaces and rehabilitated 28 others in Gwoza Jere, Monguno, Konduga and Mobbar LGAs  ( Borno State ) . Education partners held sensitizations on COVID 19 for 198 members of school based management committees  ( 61 women and 137 men ) , 28,310 children  ( 13,380 girls and 14,930 boys )  and 224 teachers  ( 66 women and 158 men )  in Bade, Damaturu, Fika, and Potiskum LGAs in Yobe State and Monguno LGA in Borno State. A total of 83,811 children  ( 43,169 girls, 40,642 boys )  received learning materials in Fune  ( Yobe State ) , Mubi North and Yola South  ( Adamawa State ) , and Konduga, Monguno, Jere and MMC LGAs  ( Borno State ) .
[ 01/07/2020, Gwoza LGA, Borno state ]  KIs from 1 assessed settlements reported that no handwashing facilities are publicly available to residents. Of the remaining 6 settlements with KIs reporting that handwashing stations are publicly available, 0 reported that stations have both soap and water.
The COVID 19 pandemic is placing a significant strain on healthcare facilities that are already overwhelmed by lack of capacity. More than 40 per cent of health facilities in the affected states of Borno, Adamawa and Yobe have been damaged or destroyed as a result of the protracted conflict. The capacity of the health system to address the possible impact of the pandemic, remains limited.
Protection concerns faced during displacement and in the camp due to the lack of or limited access to basic services in the camp have been reported. Lack of food, shelter, NFIs, deployment of security personnel essentials drugs and WASH facilities have been particularly mentioned. The newly arrived have reported having to wait for long on the queue to access toilets and latrines. Overcrowded shelter ( 18 persons/shelter )  due to the pressure put by the presence of the newly arrived, putting the camp population at risk in the context of the COVID 19 Pandemic
In an area where famine was averted only a few years ago and where millions are still struggling day by day to find their next meal, the steep rise in prices and movement restrictions due to the COVID 19 pandemic are an insufferable shock.
Precautions for New Arrivals: Hand washing and temperature screenings for new arrivals at IDP camps could help slow the spread of COVID 19. To assist in monitoring the implementation of these procedures, REACH began asking KIs, who had recently left H2R areas, if they were asked to wash or sanitize their hands or had their temperature measured when they arrived at the IDP camp. 64% of surveyed KIs had left a H2R area within the last one month, among them: 63% reported they were asked to wash and/or sanitise their hands when they arrived at the IDP camp 32% reported their temperature was measured when they arrived at the IDP camp
Overall, 2 settlements were reported to have a COVID 19 information center, 0 were reported to have an isolation center, and 3 were reported as having response protocols in place.
REACH Bi Weekly Price Monitoring in Maiduguri and Jere indicated the cost of food in the Survival Minimum Expenditure Basket  ( SMEB )  increased 25 percent from 14 20 July to 29 June 7 July. The increased cost was driven by price increases for maize, beans, local rice, and onions. Prices at Baga Road and Bullumkutu markets increased the most.
Overcrowding in IDP camps across the BAY states, with shelters being built in close proximity to one another, exacerbates the risk of fire outbreaks, as well as disease outbreaks. These series of incidents, coupled with the risk of COVID 19 and other diseases spreading across IDP camps, highlights the urgent need for decongestion and expansion of camps. Humanitarian actors have developed a decongestion plan looking at priority areas outside of Borno State capital Maiduguri.
Four out of five IDPs living in camps are in overcrowded conditions with makeshift and temporary shelters built in close proximity to each other, making physical distancing to prevent the spread of COVID 19 impossible.
Community Transmission of COVID 19 cases recorded nationwide has led to the continuation of nationwide preventive measures such as the closure of schools and imposed curfew from 22:00 to 04:00 hours local time.
In some camps, per capita space is less than 1m2 . An additional 12.5 million m2  ( 1,259 hectares )  of land would be required to transform highly congested camps, to allow for per capita space of 3.5m2 – the acceptable minimum space prescribed by Sphere standards.
Aid workers are working closely with Borno State authorities to swiftly implement a camp decongestion plan that prioritises the safe and voluntary relocation of IDPs living in most critical situations. Safe access to more land and available resources will be crucial for the expansion of IDP camps.
The direct and indirect impacts of the COVID 19 pandemic have constrained livelihood activities among the urban poor. Thus, the atypically high staple prices have constrained food access for most urban poor with these areas experiencing Stressed
The risks of exploitation and abuse are higher than ever, for boys and girls. They face increasing risks of child labor, neglect, sexual abuse, early marriage and teenage pregnancies. There is a heightened risk for girls from lower income families to be forced into early child marriage as their families try to reduce the number of mouths to feed in their homes. This will likely prevent many girls from returning to school.
As part of the Program Criticality Assessment  ( PCA )  for the impact of COVID 19 on food and livelihoods security activities, the Food Security Sector  ( FSS )  took part in identifying key life saving services and Humanitarian Response Plan activities that could be adjusted in light of COVID 19.
[ 01/07/2020, Gwoza LGA, Borno state ]  KIs from 5 assessed settlements reported that most residents' knowledge of COVID 19 is sufficient to protect themselves and their families from the virus.
Adapted education and protection activities are essential to mitigate the negative impact of school closures on children's learning, wellbeing and future. Coordinated actions and financial support will be needed to ensure continued and inclusive learning and, whenever possible, a safe return to education in emergencies for learners and teachers, particularly for those most vulnerable
In March, partners trained 175 people  ( 75 women and 100 men )  on environment friendly fish farming and processing techniques in Jere, Gwoza, Monguno and Ngala LGAs  ( Borno State ) . In April, beneficiaries of fish farming inputs, such as fish fingerlings, fish feed, and water harvesting equipment, began harvesting and selling fish in Monguno and Gwoza LGAs while partners are restocking fish tanks in Monguno and Dusman communities.
However, cargo movements throughout the BAY states have suffered long delays due to bureaucratic bottlenecks and insecurity. Non state armed groups are increasingly setting up illegal vehicle checkpoints, which heighten insecurity along main supply routes that are crucial to transport humanitarian goods and facilitate the movement of aid workers.
The security situation, especially along the main supply routes and remote countryside areas, continues to pose major challenges to the implementation of ongoing deep field activities and has also led to limited accessibility or total inaccessibility of humanitarian actors to some LGAs in the north east. The security situation has also continued to reduce access to farmland during the dry season.
SGBV risk mitigation: To help women and girls maintain their dignity during humanitarian crises including covid 19 pandemic and to reduce SGBV risks associated with the lack of hygiene and sanitary materials UNHCR and partner distributed 800 dignity kits to vulnerable women and girls in Ngala, Mubi and Yola
Scaling up critical COVID 19 responses together with other previously planned humanitarian actions is essential to address the most urgent needs, protect the most vulnerable people from the pandemic, and prevent further deterioration.
In the months of March and April, the nutritional situation in Adamawa, Borno and Yobe states remained poor but stable compared to the previous months. During the reporting period, the provision of nutrition services was disrupted due to the COVID 19 pandemic, especially due to the movement restrictions imposed. The Nutrition Sector partners focused on adapting the nutrition interventions to the context of COVID 19 to ensure both the service providers and beneficiaries are protected.
Recommendation: 4. If possible, consider having your medicines, groceries and essential items delivered to your home by a designated close person who complies with recommended measures including the use of face mask use and hand hygiene5. If you have to work, discuss and agree your options with your employer to enable you work from home or make changes within the office space to keep you and your colleagues protected 6. If you do share a toilet and bathroom with others, ensure they are cleaned after each use 7. Disinfect frequently touched surfaces e.g., door handles, light switches, TV remotes etc. 8. Where possible, sleep in a different bed and do not share towels, cutlery, drinking cups etc
Challenges: UNHCR protection and multisectoral assistance continue to be affected by the reduction of targets to meet WHO requirement of social distancing in effort to prevent and curb the spread of COVID 19.
Without significant and accelerated efforts to meet both underlying humanitarian needs and those generated by the COVID 19 pandemic, we risk seeing a major deterioration of the humanitarian and socioeconomic situation in the north east and especially for the most vulnerable people.
Recommendation:9. Keep shared spaces well ventilated and minimise the time spent in shared enclosed spaces, such as kitchens, bathrooms and sitting areas 10. Immediately call your state helpline and a close family member if you develop symptoms of COVID 19 or believe you have been a close contact of a confirmed case.
[ 01/07/2020, Gwoza LGA, Borno state ]  KIs from all 7 assessed settlements reported that certain items have become unavailable or more difficult to find at the nearest market place in the 30 days prior to data collection.
To support the scale up of this approach, partners distributed over 300,000 MUAC measuring tapes to households, and trained over 2,500 community health workers on the approach to roll out in their villages and communities.
[ 01/07/2020, Gwoza LGA, Borno state ]  KIs from 2 settlements reported that approximately half or more residents did not have enough food to meet the needs of their household in the 30 days prior to data collection.
In March and April, Nutrition Sector partners collectively screened over one million children, pregnant and breastfeeding women for acute malnutrition. A total of 30,714 severely malnourished children were admitted for treatment into the outpatient therapeutic programme  ( OTP )  and 1,593 into the stabilization centres for inpatient intensive care.
Amid the COVID 19 pandemic, flood caused by heavy rains, UNHCR and partners maintained a presence and expanded its protection and multisectoral assistance to deliver on its mandate in line with its Business Continuity Plan  ( BCP ) . In August, UNHCR covered 29 locations in 24 LGAs including 11 Local Government Areas  ( LGAs )  in Borno State  ( Bama, Damboa, Dikwa, Gamboru Ngala, Gwoza, Jere, KalaBalge, Konduga, MMC, Mobbar, and Mungono ) ; 08 LGAs in Adamawa State  ( Fufore, Madagali, Maiha, Michika, Mubi North, Mubi South, Yola North, and Yola South ) ; and 05 LGAs in Yobe State  ( Damaturu, Bade, Machina, Geidam, and Gujba ) .
A total of 41 National Rapid Response Teams have been deployed to support affected states  Ongoing support to states to expand human resource capacity for contact tracing  Ongoing capacity building of states IPC trainers through webinars  Ongoing Collaboration with Logistic Management Coordination Units  ( LMCUs )  in states to collect utilisation data  Ongoing engagement with stakeholders for buy in and commitment to the planned school reopening preparedness strategy  Ongoing monitoring of stock status of commodities deployed to laboratories and treatment centres to forestall stock out of critical commodities
Between January and April, Nutrition Sector partners admitted a total of 819 children under six months with acute malnutrition and/or having difficulties breastfeeding into stabilization centres for re lactation and rehabilitation. Over 96 per cent of all severely malnourished children have been successfully treated and discharged as cured.
In March and April, partners provided specialized supplementary foods to 180,341 children between the ages of six and 23 months and 6,012 children between 24 and 59 months with moderate acute malnutrition through the blanket supplementary feeding programme  ( BSFP )  to prevent and treat moderate acute malnutrition. The BSFP aims to improve generic food rations, particularly for households who rely on general food assistance.
[ 01/07/2020, Gwoza LGA, Borno state ]  KIs from all 7 assessed settlements reported that schools attended by children had been closed due to COVID 19 in the 30 days prior to data collection.
To prevent overall malnutrition, the Nutrition Sector partners promoted appropriate infant and young child feeding and caring practices  ( IYCF )  through various channels including counselling at health facilities and care support groups. In March and April 2020, a total of 234,412 caregivers of children ages six to 23 months and pregnant women received counselling in IYCF at health facilities.
[ 01/07/2020, Gwoza LGA, Borno state ]  KIs from 0 settlements reported that alternative education options are available for out of school children  ( since closing of schools due to COVID 19 ) .
At the community level, a total of 10,000 mother to mother care groups met reaching over 285,080 women and 2,000 father to father support groups reaching over 10,000 fathers and other men with IYCF messages. In April, the Care Support Groups activity level reduced as a result of the COVID 19 requirement to maintain physical distance and avoiding group gatherings.
To prevent micronutrient deficiencies in the community, a total of 35,695 children between ages six to 23 months received multi micronutrient supplement powder either for the first time or during repeated visits.
The main challenges and gaps facing Nutrition Sector partners are related to the disruption of services due to insecurity especially in Gubio, Mafa and Magumeri LGAs  ( Borno State )  and the emerging threat of the COVID19 pandemic. COVID 19 related challenges include inadequate supply of personal protective equipment  ( PPE )  and disinfectant supplies, a reduced number of health workers at health facilities, and inadequate MUAC measuring tapes to optimally scale up Mother MUAC approach.
However, since the gradual resumption of economic activities following the initial lockdown in the country, there has been an increase in population movement and mixing, with instances of mass gatherings reported in some settings. In view of community transmission, this heightens the risk of infection.
The outbreak of COVID 19 in Nigeria and its spread to Borno, Adamawa and Yobe states in the north east increased pressure on the limited capacity to deliver enough water across many IDP camps, as well as essential supplies like soap and hand washing stations.
These items have become scarce, resulting in price inflation due to demand. Partners will focus on intensive hygiene promotion to prevent COVID 19, including raising awareness of proper hand washing techniques with soap. Increasing access to enough water remains a high priority to prevent the spread of COVID 19.
Physical distancing, hand washing stations at strategic locations within camps, door to door campaigns as opposed to mass gatherings and improvised distribution techniques are being implemented with the support of CCCM and Health Sector partners.Soap and information, education and communication  ( IEC )  materials have also been disseminated during food distributions.
[ 15th Oct 2020, Nigeria ] According to the report, the rise in inflation is as a result of increases recorded in prices of Passenger transport by air, Medical services, Hospital services, Pharmaceutical products, Passenger transport by road, Motor cars, Vehicle spare parts, maintenance and repair of personal transport equipment, Repair of furniture and Paramedical services.
The Sector, through the Public Health Emergency Operation Centre and risk communications group has supported the development and distribution of IEC materials for COVID 19. Bulk production of posters, fliers and pamphlets is required in order to reach a wider audience on COVID 19 risk and prevention measures.
The WASH Sector common pipeline stock is running low on crucial supplies, especially soap and chlorine due to increased demand for COVID 19 and cholera prevention and response. About 200,000 pieces of soap, 200 drums of chlorine and about 800 additional handwashing facilities are required, so additional funding is necessary to cover the gaps.
In March and April, the CCCM addressed the increased need to focus on prevention and mitigation measures across camps and camp like settings in the COVID 19 context. There is an urgent need to decongest overcrowded IDP camps where physical distancing measures are extremely challenging to implement due to the limited amount of space per person. This is particularly pressing for COVID 19 prevention, as overcrowding heightens the risks of spreading pathogens and disease outbreaks.
Partners continued to implement CCCM activities either through mobile facilitation or remote management and support to 157 sites hosting 792,000 individuals across Borno, Adamawa and Yobe  ( BAY )  states. This implementation strategy was adopted to ensure continuity of critical humanitarian services to the most vulnerable populations during the lockdown measures and movement restrictions imposed by the State Government to reduce the spread of COVID 19.
Throughout March and April, CCCM partners ramped up COVID 19 prevention and response activities in camps and camp like settings. Camp management agencies ensured all IDPs have access to information on COVID 19 preventive measures and referral pathways for reporting suspected cases. CCCM teams also raised awareness based on the Information, Education and Communication  ( IEC )  materials provided by the Health and WASH sectors in multiple local languages.
CCCM partners, together with community leaders and representatives, also carried out virtual coordination and camp management committee meetings, motorized campaigns, focus group discussions  ( FGDs ) , and awareness raising sessions to promote community engagement and information sharing. The Sector also prioritized hygiene promotion activities emphasizing hand washing.
[ 09/08/2020, Nigeria ] The pandemic has had a very little mitigating impact on the terrorist activities and there has been a steady rise in the attacks. In addition to the recent attacks on the military, the group has been targeting health care workers and destroying religious as well as educational institutions.
To ensure physical distancing and avoid large gatherings as part of efforts to prevent the spread of COVID 19, the Sector's main challenge is the overcrowded living conditions in the north east, particularly in IDP camps and settlements across Borno State. Addressing camp congestion is an urgent priority to mitigate the exposure and risks among the vulnerable population, especially in the COVID 19 context where physical distancing measures are critical.
[ 01/03/2020, BAY states ]  The confirmed number of food insecure people in Borno, Adamawa and Yobe States for the June August 2020 lean season increased to 4.3 million people from the previous 3.7 million people that was projected by the March 2020 Cadre Harmonisé analysis. Increased vulnerability is mainly due to economic fallout associated with COVID 19, which has added stress to the ongoing crisis.
[ 1st Sep 2020, Nigeria ] The composite food index rose by 16.66 per cent in September 2020 compared to 16.00 per cent in August 2020. This rise in the food index was caused by increases in prices of Bread and Cereals, Potatoes, yam and other tubers, Meat, Fish, Fruits and Oils and fats.On a month on month basis, the food sub index increased by 1.88 per cent in September 2020, up by 0.21 per cent points from 1.67 per cent recorded in August 2020.
According to the IOM Displacement Tracking Matrix, a total of 80,825 IDPs in camps are living in damaged shelters and 143,067 in makeshift shelters with a total of 451,964 people living in overcrowded settlements. These numbers underscore the urgent need to develop and implement a decongestion strategy, as overcrowding exacerbates the risks of disease and fire outbreaks.
In March and April 2020, Shelter and NFI partners continued to provide life saving assistance to internally displaced persons  ( IDPs ) , returnees and vulnerable host communities, including new arrivals and those in protracted displacement. The shelter needs of around 29,000 individuals were addressed including the distribution of emergency shelter kits, construction of emergency shelters and shelter rehabilitation.
The total number of COVID 19 cases in the Regional Bureau Dakar  ( RBD )  region increased exponentially since the first reported cases  ( first recorded in Nigeria on 27 February ) . As of 5 August, the region had 2,652 deaths and 160,512 confirmed cases, with Nigeria and Ghana making up over half of this figure
[ 01/07/2020, Gwoza LGA, Borno state ]  While COVID 19 is predominately a health and hygiene issue, it has also impacted, among other sectors, the livelihoods, protection, and education of communities, making a multi sectoral approach to this assessment critical.
[ 01/07/2020, Nigeria ]  COVID 19 lockdown and movement restrictions are easing. While the number of security incidents has decreased in the northeast, criminality and civil unrest are increasing elsewhere, including kidnapping for ransom and communal clashes.
[ 09/08/2020, Nigeria ] Terrorist groups across the world have been exploiting the COVID 19 scenario by spreading misinformation and have not spared the population in such a grave scenario. Two important factions led by Abubakar Shekau and another by Abu Musab al Barnawi have been constantly thriving to overthrow the secular regime in Nigeria to establish Islamic State with strict enforcement of Sharia.
[ 01/07/2020, Nigeria ]  Responding to increased user demand, ETS provided Internet connectivity services to 3,502 humanitarians from 104 organizations to better support implementation of humanitarian activities.
[ 1st Sep 2020, Nigeria ] The average annual rate of change of the Food sub index for the twelve month period ending September 2020 over the previous twelve month average was 15.13 per cent, 0.26 per cent points from the average annual rate of change recorded in August 2020  ( 14.87 per cent ) .
The Sector developed and proposed a strategy to decongest IDP camps as part of the Borno COVID 19 preparedness and response plan. The strategy prioritized seven LGAs and 49 camps with 83,000 households that are in dire need of urgent relocation to improve their living conditions and mitigate risks of exposure to the disease. The Sector has developed COVID 19 Guidelines on Shelter and NFI to support partners in implementation, including recommendations on how to respond to the affected population, the specific mitigation measures, and risks of transmission in overcrowded areas in the event of distribution of NFI and Emergency shelter kit.
[ 09/08/2020, Nigeria ]  As the world tries to counter the pandemic, Nigeria continues its battle against insurgent groups threatening the stability and political integrity of Africa's most populous state.
[ 04/08/2020, Borno ]  With the onset of the rainy season in Nigeria's conflict affected northeastern State of Borno, varying degrees of damages are expected to infrastructures  ( self made and constructed )  in camps and camp like settings. This is so because the rains are more often than not accompanied by very high winds and have been known to cause serious damage to properties.
Provision of psychosocial support and counseling: UNHCR and partners conducted individual and group 34 counselling sessions in all operational locations. This helped SGBV survivors' recovery and psychosocial needs. A total of 6,103 women and girls participated in recreational  ( playing, dancing and storytelling ) , educational  ( hygiene and COVID 19 preventive mechanisms )  and skills acquisition training  ( knitting, making of hats, caps, masks, and liquid soap making )  activities in the Women and Girls Safe Spaces. The skills training help beneficiaries to find a means of livelihood to support themselves and their households.
Capacity building: Caregivers were sensitized in the communities by the Community Nutrition Mobilizers  ( CNMs )  on Mid Upper Arm Circumference  ( MUAC )  screening of children and control/prevention of COVID19 from 8th June to 3rd July in two batches in southern Borno LGAs. A total of 163,837 caregivers  ( 48,878 Males and 114,959 Females )  benefited from the training;
[ 27thDec2020,Nigeria ]  This increase followed the declaration of the second wave of the pandemic in Nigeria with state governments issuing directives on safety protocols and placing some restrictions. While experts and NCDC officials have attributed the rising cases to the disregard of the safety protocols, the increase in testing last week might have contributed to it.
[ 01/07/2020,BAY states ]  WFP has scaled up assistance to reach 1.8 million conflictaffected people in Borno, Adamawa and Yobe States with food and nutrition support. WFP, with support from partner Cooperation Internationale  ( COOPI ) , has launched a new livelihoods activity in Yobe State that supports communities to protect themselves from COVID 19 risk while enhancing ability to support themselves financially. Nearly 400 men and women IDPs are learning to produce cloth facemasks which they will sell for a small profit.
In Oyo, Edo and Ekiti states, UNICEF leveraged on measles social mobilization campaigns to sensitize communities on the need for routine immunization, other PHC services and to improve awareness on COVID 19. UNICEF continues to ensure appropriate monitoring of vaccine potency in the State cold stores and conducted an effective vaccine management assessment in the states and LGA cold stores in Benue, Ekiti, Osun and Edo states.
[ 01/07/2020, Gwoza LGA, Borno state ]  KIs from 4 assessed settlements reported that local organizations were taking action to deal with COVID 19 related issues.Of settlements with KIs reporting local organizations taking action to deal with COVID 19 related issues, 4 named the Gwoza Youth Progressive Association  ( GYPA )
[ 09/08/2020, Nigeria ]  The militant group has been in Nigeria for over a decade, fighting to carve out an Islamic caliphate based in Nigeria. The violence has led to the death of approximately 30,000 people and millions have been displaced and the spillover effect is witnessed in the neighbouring countries of Chad, Cameroon and Niger.
In north east Nigeria, the threats and risks for children and their families caused by the ongoing conflict are likely to be further exacerbated by the COVID 19 pandemic. This global public health pandemic has also affected the capacities of families to provide and care for their children