nlp-thedeep/humsetbias huggingface dataset:
[ 24 December 2020   5 January 2021, GoS ]  Eggs are an inexpensive source of animal protein in Syria. By analyzing the correlation between monthly spending and the change in egg consumption, we can see that those with the lowest incomes  ( who are therefore the lowest spenders )  are most impacted. Egg consumption in 2020 decreased to less than half that of 2018 among the lowest spenders  ( 200,000 or less SYP per month )  and those spending 201,000–400,000 SYP per month, at 45% and 46.3% respectively. Respondent groups who spend the most  ( because of higher income )  were less affected. Consumption of eggs did not change for 45.1% of the group spending 401,000–600,000 SYP per month, and for 46.2% of the group spending 601,000–800,000 SYP per month.
[ February 2021, Aleppo, NES ]  In 97% of assessed settlements, KIs reported that residents in their settlement can access at least one health facility. In 100% of the remaining settlements, residents had access to a pharmacy/ dispensary.
[ 24 December 2020   5 January 2021, GoS ]  For red meat  ( lamb, beef, veal, mutton )  consumption, we find that the largest decline was concentrated among the highest spending category  ( more than 800,000 SYP ) ; their 2020 consumption dropped to less than half that of 2018 among 55.6% of respondents in this category. However, red meat consumption did not change for 84.5% of the lowest spenders.
[ February 2021, Aleppo, NES ]  Handwashing with soap is an effective way to kill the virus and limit its spread, but in 74% of assessed settlements, people reportedly did not have access to handwashing facilities, while in 57% KIs cited available soap was too expensive.
[ February 2021, Aleppo, NES ]  Information provided by KIs suggests that IDP populations in assessed settlements are generally aware of the virus and are receiving information about the pandemic. In 26% of assessed settlements, residents reportedly had difficulties in understanding the information that was provided.
[ February 2021, Aleppo, NES ]  Reported proportion of residents who are aware of COVID 19: Everyone 58%, Most 29% and About half 13%.
[ February 2021, Aleppo, NES ]  Reported proportion of residents with access to soap within the assessed settlements: Everyone 45%, Most 29% and A few 23%.
[ February 2021, Aleppo, NES ]  Reported issues with soap for residents within assessed settlements: Soap is too expensive 57%, Some groups have no access to markets 34% and No problems 9%.
[ February 2021, Aleppo, NES ]  Reported proportion of residents with access to handwashing facilities in assessed settlements: Everyone 26% and Nobody 74%.
[ 31 May 2021, Overall Syria ]  Number of trucks per crossing point by month since July 2014:  Bab al Hawa: 38,384 since July 2014  Bab Al Salam: 5,268 since July 2014  Al Ramtha: 4,595 since July 2014 and  Al Yarubiyah: 109 since April 2018
[ 31 May 2021, Overall Syria ]  979 Trucks in May 2021, 8 Consignments in May 2021, 43,652 Trucks since July 2014 and 1,077 Consignments since July 2014.
[ 24 December 2020   5 January 2021, GoS ]  In this study, 70.7% of respondents said their household depends on two or three main sources of income, while 19.2% said their household depends on only a single income source.
[ February 2021, Aleppo, NES ]  Measures reportedly implemented by residents to protect against COVID 19: Wash hands often  74%, Cover nose/ mouth when coughing  61%, Wear masks outside  26% and Avoid touching other people  26%.
[ February 2021, Aleppo, NES ]  Water Tanker truck from private vendor was the primary source of water in the assessed settlements at the time of data collection.
[ February 2021, Aleppo, NES ]  Top three reported food related coping strategies used by residents in the 2 weeks prior to data collection by % of assessed settlements: Eating smaller meals 71%, Purchasing food on credit 71% and Buying food with money usually used for other purchases 55%.
[ May 7, NES ]  Itab is one of a group of workers, consisting of 10 to 15 women. The crew is managed by a man, who plays the women's agent. He secures them jobs, agrees on the wage with merchants or owners of warehouses where commodities end up, and provides the women with transportation means from and to their homes. This agent is paid about 6000 Syrian Pounds  ( SYP )  for each shift the women carry out, in exchange for brokering between the workers and the merchants, as well as overseeing their job.
[ May 7, NES ]  Itab said that her job is not seasonal and does not have a specific time during the day. “Trucks might unload at 6 A.M. or 12 P.M. It often takes us two to three hours without a break to finish the errand. The wage remains the same for morning and night shifts. We are paid about 5000 SYP  ( 1,5 USD )  for every shipment we tackle. We might do two or three such shipments every week.'
[ May 7, NES ]  Siham Eid, 18, from the Alaia neighborhood in Qamishli, has been working with a women porter crew for nearly a year. She toldEnab Baladithat she was forced to take up this odd job after her father died, leaving her and her mother with two little siblings. Siham is the only breadwinner for her family who like the rest of the region's population is enduring extreme poverty, the “great' rise in commodity prices, and the depreciation of the Syrian Pound's value, which hit the mark of 3300 SYP per dollar in April. Siham does not have an education that would help her find a better job. She dropped out of school after her father's death and most of the women with whom she works share the same fate. “They have all lost their breadwinners and are stricken by poverty.'
[ May 7, NES ]  Siham added that she tried to find an alternative, such as learning sewing or hairdressing, but courses were expensive and starting a business on any of these two professions would have needed a capital that she could not afford. A sewing machine's price ranges from 500,000 to one million and 500 thousand SYP, depending on the condition and quality of the machine.
[ 30 JUL, GoS ]  The Ministry added that the total number of the coronavirus cases recorded in Syria has reached up to 25,954 till now, of which 21,980 have recovered, and 1,913 others have passed away.
[ February 2021, Deir ez Zor, NES ]  Reported proportion of residents who are aware of COVID 19: Everyone 64%, Most 36%, About half 0%, A few 0% and Nobody 0%.
[ January 2021, Syria ]  Precautionary measures to limit the spread of the COVID19  virus impose that the school provides distance learning programs for students who are unable to attend schools due to the spread of the COVID19  virus; The study showed that only 761 )  %23 schools )  of schools provide distance learning programs for students who are unable to attend due to the spread of the virus, while 2,579 )  %77 schools )  of schools do not provide distance learning programs.
[ January 2021, Syria ]  Precautionary measures to limit the spread of the COVID19  virus impose that teachers do not share any common equipment at school, including teacups or towels, etc. The study showed that teachers do not share any common tools in the school in 1,971 )  %59 schools )  of the schools; whereas teachers do share common tools in the school in 1,369 )  %41 schools )  of schools.
[ January 2021, Syria ]  Precautionary measures to limit the spread of the COVID19  virus impose that educational staff and students avoid sharing common educational tools such as a whiteboard pens or erasers. The study showed that educational staff and students avoid sharing common educational tools in 902 )  %27 schools )  of schools, while educational staff and students do not avoid sharing common educational tools within 2,438 )  %73 schools )  of schools
[ February 2021, Aleppo, NES ]  Reported health facility access: In 97% of assessed settlements, there was reportedly access to health facilities.
[ February 2021, Aleppo, NES ]  Reported proportion of residents aware of social distancing: Everyone 10%, Most 32%, About half 55% and A few 3%.
[ February 2021, Aleppo, NES ]  Reported issues with handwashing facilities for residents within assessed settlements: No handwashing facilities 100%, Soap is too expensive 48% and No or not enough water 16%.
[ 31 May 2021, GoS ]  One liter of gasoline is sold for 5,000 pounds in the black market, whereas one liter of fuel is sold for 2,500 pounds. This price could be doubled in the case of a shortage of supplies in the market.
[ 7 April 2021, Overall Syria ]  Work rate for returnees with disabilities  ( 18 64 year olds ) , 36% have worked in the past 3 months compared to 37 percent of returnees without disabilities.
[ October 30, Idleb ]  For example, a week ago, the gas cylinder was 65 Turkish liras, while now it costs 70 Turkish liras, meaning its price rose 1,500 Syrian pounds.
[ 29 April 2021, NES ]  In the north east of the country, which is controlled by Kurdish led forces, the only Covid 19 laboratory is likely to run out of testing kits in the next seven days, while new cases are surging. More than 5,300 cases have been confirmed in the area in April alone, according to the International Rescue Committee  ( IRC )  – more than half of the total for the whole of 2020. Currently, more than 47% of tests are coming back positive.
[ 31 March 2021, Northwest ]  The number of positive cases in opposition held areas in northwest Syria increased to 21,289 from 21,265 cases last week, including 1184 active cases, 19,468 recoveries, and 637 fatalities    unchanged from last week.
[ 7 April 2021, Overall Syria ]  Rate of 16 26 years with disabilities not in education or work: 22% are in education, but not work compared to 25% of those without disabilities. 15% are in work, but not education compared to 26% of those without disabilities and 63% are not in work or education compared to 48% of those without disabilities.
[ 7 April 2021, Overall Syria ]  Households with multiple members with disabilities were more likely to be pulled to repossess assets  53 percent compared to only 40 percent of households without members with disabilities.
[ 25 April 2021, GoS ]  The Ministry said that the total number of coronavirus infections has reached up till now to 21,999, of which 15,731 have recovered and 1,526 have passed away.
[ February 2021, Ar Raqqa, NES ]  Measures reportedly implemented by local authorities to protect from COVID 19: Distribution of hygiene products 7%, Prevention messages 3% and Asking people to stay home 2%.
[ 3th March, NES ]  Overall positivity rate as reported through EWARN has been 14.3%
[ January 2021, NWS ]  The rules of social distancing in schools to reduce the spread of COVID 19 require rearranging the desks in a way that allows for a 2 meter space between the students and the teacher, and 1 meter space between the students. In the schools in which the social distancing rules were applied  ( 58 schools )  of schools, the study show that desks have been rearranged within 62%  ( 36 schools )  of schools so that the social distancing rules are applied, whereas desks weren't arranged in 38%  ( 22 schools )  of schools, which increases the likelihood of COVID 19 transmission.
[ Jan 2020 2021, Overall Syria ]  The proportion of in work rates in males  ( aged 18 and 64 )  slightly decreased from 85 percent in January 2020 to 82 percent by January 2021, while the proportion in females of the same age group in work marginally decreased, from 22 percent in January 2020 to 23 percent one year on.
[ January 2021, NWS ]  Social distancing rules in schools to limit the spread of COVID 19 require establishing a shift schedule for the teaching and administrative staff during the breaks  ( Al Baha ) ; The teaching and administrative staff should com  mit to this schedule. They observe the rules of social distancing among students during the break; The study showed the abolition of the breaks to limit the spread of the COVID 19 virus within 5%  ( 10 schools )  of schools, and the teaching and administrative staff monitor the application of social distancing rules during the break within 69%  ( 130 schools )  of schools. While the teaching and administrative staff do not monitor the application of social distancing rules during the break in 26%  ( 49 schools )  of schools.desks have been rearranged within 62%  ( 36 schools )  of schools so that the social distancing rules are applied, whereas desks weren't arranged in 38%  ( 22 schools )  of schools, which increases the likelihood of COVID 19 transmission.
[ May 2021, Overall Syria ]  M o m, 12 governorates recorded a decreasing average reference food basket price in May 2021. The highest m o m decrease of eight percent was reported in Aleppo, Dar'a and Deir ez Zor, where the cost of the food basket reached SYP 161,976, SYP 167,101 and SYP 153,980, respectively. The lowest m o m decrease of one percent was reported in Homs at SYP 167,922. The lowest reference food basket price remained Al Hasakeh  ( SYP 119,466, down seven percent m om )  due to the cheaper price of bread.
[ January 2021, NWS ]  Precautionary measures to limit the spread of the COVID 19 virus impose having a routine for children to wash their hands at school; The study revealed the existence of a routine of washing hands applied by children in 31%  ( 59 schools )  of the schools; Whereas there is no routine of hand washing in 69%  ( 130 schools )  of schools.
[ 30 April 2021, GoS ]  The Ministry said that the total number of infections has mounted to 22,631, of which 16,661 have recovered and 1,583 have passed away.
[ 1 July 2021, NES ]  Due to the extended period of low capacity operations at Alouk, the Al Himmeh water reservoir and water treatment station, which directly serves Al Hasakeh city and neighbouring areas and is fed by Alouk water station, has also now ceased operations. Water levels at Al Himmeh, which has a capacity of 30,000 m3, has now reportedly dropped to approximately 7,500 m3, below the minimum operating, or “dead' level. Prior to ceasing operations, and since December 2020, none of the 50 boreholes at Al Himmeh were reportedly operational, due to reasons including brackish water. On 29 June, teams from UNICEF visited the Al Himmeh water reservoir and confirmed it was effectively empty, and further confirmed that AlAziziya water station  ( a booster pumping station located in Al Hasakeh )  and the Tal Tamer water filling station/stand were empty/non functional.
[ 1 July 2021, NES ]  In the absence of reliable clean water, communities have few other choices; primarily to purchase limited private water sold at a prohibitively high cost or resort to potentially unsafe water sources. Some partners have received anecdotal reporting of households digging their own wells to find water.
[ March 2021, Overall Syria ]  At least 12.4 million people are in need of health assistance.
[ 1 July 2021, NES ]  Approximately 460,000 people in Al Hasakeh Governorate rely on Alouk as their primary source of potable water, with an additional 500,000 people served by water trucking supplied from station sources, including in six IDP camps. Other vital services also rely on Alouk, including, as one example, 30 out of 37 assessed healthcare facilities in Al Hasakeh.
[ 7 April 2021, Overall Syria ]  26% of male returnees over the age of 12 have disabilities. 10% are 12 24 years, 15% are 25 39 years, 43% are 40 54 years and 79% are >54 years.
[ 7 April 2021, Overall Syria ]  21% of female returnees over the age of 12 have disabilities. 7% are 12 24 years, 11% are 25 39 years, 36% are 40 54 years, 83% are >54 years.
[ March 2021, Overall Syria ]  The rise in morbidity rates can be linked to the cumulative damage of health and WASH infrastructure in parts of the country, the lack of qualified personnel and import restrictions for key supplies and equipment, which combined have reduced the availability and accessibility of health services.
[ 11 March 2021, NWS, NES & GoS ]  Considering the limited number of tests being performed the actual number of cases likely underestimated. As of 11 March 2021, the laboratories in Damascus, Rural Damascus, Aleppo, Homs, Lattakia, Aleppo, Hama, and Al Hassaka, had conducted 180,735  ( 886/100,000 ) .
[ 1 July 2021, NES ]  Contaminated water poses severe public health risks, including outbreaks of water borne and water related diseases. According to the WHO Early Warning, Alert and Response System  ( EWARS )  data, cases of acute diarrhea increased by 54 per cent in Al Hasakeh Governorate between 1 January and 6 June 2021, compared to the same period in 2020, with the most pronounced increases reported in Al Hol sub district from end April onwards. Across NES, acute diarrhea cases recorded in May increased by 133 per cent compared to the same period in 2020.
[ 1 July 2021, NES ]  In the context of several IDP camps and settlements in NES serviced by Alouk, it is important to note that women and children in particular face increased protection risks in the absence of safe and reliable access to water and sanitation, which is generally provided in a communal setting.
[ 1 July 2021, Deir ez  Zor, GoS ] Militias in the city are taking advantage of the people's poverty by luring these children to their side and providing them with monthly food aid and salaries. In exchange, the children would enroll in educational courses within the cultural and religious centers of Iranian militias deployed in the city.
[ 1 July 2021, Deir ez  Zor, GoS ] Earlier this year, these militias distributed monthly salaries to some children in exchange for lessons in Shia doctrine during a ceremony held by the Iranian Cultural Center in the central park of the city center, last Ramadan. The Iranian Revolutionary Guard has admitted several children, aged less than 15, into closed camps belonging to the Mahdi Scouts association. This enrollment aims to train them in combat and teach them lessons about Shia Islam.
[ 1 July 2021, Deir ez  Zor, GoS ]  The value of wages of the children working in Deir ez Zor varies according to the nature of the work they do. Some wages range from 10,000 to 25,000 Syrian pounds per month for every child. The riskier the work, the higher the wages. A significant number of children were seriously injured while doing difficult and laborious work, not within their capacity.
[ October 30, Idleb ]  Muhammad al Darwish, the owner of a food store in Idlib, told Enab Baladi that small shop owners are also suffering from the varied prices of currencies, whether TL or SYP, against the US dollar, which caused price instability.
[ October 30, Idleb ]  “Prices are different from store to store,' complained Ibrahim al Muhammad.Ibrahim al Muhammad, a displaced young man from Idlib's southern countryside, sheds light on high prices and price dispersion, which occurs every other day, in the opposition held areas in northern Syria. He added that citizens could not understand the mechanism of buying and selling, with three currencies involved in pricing the materials in the area.
[ October 30, Idleb ] The Syrian pound recorded an exchange rate of 305 against the Turkish lira for sale, and 300 for purchase, while the value of the Syrian pound against the US dollar reached 2,420 per US dollar for sale and 2,390 for purchase, according tothe Syrian Pound Today ( a Syrian Pound tracking website ) .
[ October 30, Idleb ]  Al Muhammad used to spend 100 US dollars to meet his needs for ten to 15 days before the Syrian pound was replaced with the Turkish lira, but now it is barely enough for that period, saying that “the Turkish lira flies fast like gasoline.'
[ October 30, Idleb ] The Salvation Government  ( SG ) , which governs Idlib governorate and part of the countryside of Aleppo, and the Syrian Interim Government  ( SIG ) , which controls the rest of the opposition controlled areas in the countryside of Aleppo, decided to replace the Syrian pound with the Turkish lira last June after the markets in northern Syria saw daily fluctuations in the commodity prices, with the value of the Syrian pound falling sharply. The pound is trading at 3,000 pounds to the US dollar.
[ October 30, Idleb ]  Speaking with Enab Baladi, Abu Mahmoud, a fuel vendor in Dana, north of Idlib, said that he earns a profit, at best, of 30 Turkish Kurush for every liter of fuel he sells  ( petrol and diesel ) . However, he is being held accountable by the people because of the high fuel prices, which he attributed to the fuel suppliers in opposition controlled areas.
[ October 30, Idleb ]  Prices are subject to supply and demand. Prices of consumer goods are not usually set by the government, except for state subsidized items. The SIG grants bread subsidy; bread is sold in the SIG held area at a subsidized price of one TL in the local councils' bakeries since bread is locally made.
[ October 30, Idleb ]  Minister Abdul Hakim al Masri justified the increases in prices by losing large parts of agricultural areas in the southern Hama countryside, the eastern and southern countryside of Idlib and western Aleppo, as a result of the Syrian regime's control over them, through successive military campaigns from April 2019 until 5 March 2020.
[ October 30, Idleb ]  According to al Masri, agricultural production decreased in the opposition controlled areas with the loss of these agricultural lands, causing soaring prices, regardless of whether the exchange rate is high or low.
The Syrian regime has made progress in regaining control of areas since April 2019, amid the opposition's losses of agricultural lands; this posed a threat to food security in the opposition controlled areas in northwest Syria, with the loss of about 2,300 square kilometers of agricultural lands, while only 1,500 square kilometers remained under the control of the opposition factions, meaning, the Syrian opposition factions have lost 60 percent of their agricultural lands. According to the statistics provided by the “Nors Center for Studies' in north western Syria, the above mentioned figures regarding the agricultural lands are part of an area that the Syrian regime made progress in, which is estimated at around 3,140 km2 since 27 August 2019.
[ October 30, Idleb ]  The fuel price has increased six times since it was priced in TL last June by the Watad Petroleum Company, which controls most of the fuel sector's market share in Idlib and part of the western countryside of Aleppo.
[ October 30, Idleb ]  Fuel prices have also increased in the opposition held Aleppo countryside.The increase in fuel prices affects various other sectors, especially agriculture, as the increase in fuel prices has led to increased transportation fees and irrigation water costs, as confirmed by farmer Muhammad Salem Khadro toEnab Baladi.
[ October 30, Idleb ]  Agriculture is the main resource in northern Syria and the transportation sector in border areas such as Idlib and Aleppo. In other words, there are economic sectors based on agriculture, as refrigerators for storing foodstuffs  ( especially agricultural products )  and cars transporting goods through the crossings, according to researcher Khalid Turkawi.
[ October 30, Idleb ]  Oil prices in the opposition held areas are affected by world oil prices. Oil and petroleum products are imported from Turkey via one company that supplies the whole region. The recent increase in the price of the gas cylinder resulted from the gas supplier company raising the price of the cylinder, according to the media office of Watad Petroleum Company.
[ October 30, NES ] As for “the refined' diesel coming from the areas controlled by the “SDF' in northeastern Syria, its price is subject to market fluctuations in the “SDF' regions and the change in the price of European oil products, according to Muhammad Daaboul.
[  October 1, Homs ]  Nouri al Najjar, a resident of al Farhaniya village, attributed the bread crisis to the Syrian security's refusal to give approval to private bakeries to start their work, arguing that these private bakeries used to cooperate with relief organizations during the opposition's control. “When the area was under the control of the opposition factions, several baking projects were implemented with relief organizations and the local council in the area. This was the main reason for not renewing the licenses of the private bakeries,' added the owner of the bakery.
[  October 1, Homs ]  It has been more than two years since the so called settlement agreement was signed between the armed opposition factions and the Syrian regime forces. Yet, the northern countryside of Homs is still suffering from low government services.
[  October 1, Homs ]  The Syrian regime forces also deliberately destroyed physical infrastructure and public services, especially the bakeries in Rastan, during the armed conflict in the area, which used to provide the residents of the northern Homs countryside with bread. The automatic government bakery in Rastan, the only one in the region, was bombed by the Syrian regime forces in 2012. Besides, the bakery has been looted and robbed many times since then.
[  October 1, Homs ]  Hazaa denied that there is a shortage of flour, saying, “The flour is available, and raw materials and supplies used in making bread such as flour, yeast, and fuel are all secured to meet needs of Syrian people.'
[ October 17, Idleb ]  The majority of displaced families living in the camps are unable to secure fuel; therefore, their children collect branches and dry wild “origanum syriacum'  ( za'atar )  seedlings, which lose their greenness after five harvesting seasons.
[ October 17, Idleb ] The displaced families collect nylon from the landfills and use it for heating despite its smoke's risk to health, al Sayyed said.
[ October 14, Idleb ]  On 6 October, the Syrian Salvation Government  ( SSG )  issued decisionNo. 438, which stated that “the lease contracts certified by a notary are considered executive instruments before the courts' enforcement services. The commission of owners of real estate offices that undertake the rental and contract making process is set by not more than half a month of rent, for one time only as long as the tenant remains the same.
[ October 14, Idleb ]  The decision stated that the lease term is determined by agreement between the lessor and the tenant for a minimum period of six months, and the tenant is to be evacuated upon breaching the contract terms.
[ October 17, Idleb ]  According to the estimations of the al Sheikh Idris camp's director in Khirbet Ma'ez, Mahmoud Nayef al Sayyed, the cost of one ton of olive pomace fuel is 100 USD, and the price of a ton of firewood is 150 USD; however, the displaced people cannot afford these amounts, that is why they seek to store what they used for heating in 2019, the nylon waste.
[ October 17, Idleb ]  In just three months, gas and fuel prices have risen five times in Syria's northern region under the pretext of the Turkish lira's depreciation against the US dollar. Last July, the “Syrian Salvation Government  ( SSG ) ' replaced the Syrian pound with the Turkish currency after the ongoing decline of the Syrian pound's value. At the end of last September, the Turkish lira reached 7.8 against the US dollar.
[ December 10, As Suwayda ]  Via a Facebook post, Martyre Sulieman Ashti Primary School announced on 26 November that the closure of the third section of the fifth grade, for five days, after a student tested positive for COVID 19. The school denied the news spread about the school's complete closure, saying, “ We ask the students' families not to spread rumors and false news.' The school's decision was supported by school health education.
[ December 10, As Suwayda ]  The calls made by students' parents to close schools continue. Some parents have stopped sending their children to school in the southern province of As Suwayda due to their fear of transmitting the coronavirus between students and teaching staff. The Syrian regime's Ministry of Education responded byfiling a lawsuitagainst the notables calling for implementing preventive health measures.
[ December 10, Dar'a ] Two days later, the Emirate of Dar Ira, represented by Prince Loay al Atrash, decided to close its schools in the southern countryside of Daraa. “After the severe outbreak of the coronavirus disease in the province of As Suwayda, especially in schools and after isolation centers were filled with COVID 19 patients, schools will be shut down temporarily. Besides, both teachers and students are required to self isolate for 15 days in order to contain the spread of the coronavirus pandemic,' as posted by Loay al Atrash on his Facebook account.
[ December 10, As Suwayda ]  More families have undertaken to prevent their children from going to schools. A student's father told Enab Baladi that some parents stopped sending their children to receive education in the overcrowded traditional classes, with no less than 30 students, given the Syrian government's recklessness to impose preventive measures.
[ December 10, As Suwayda ]  However, the students' families do not have suitable alternatives for adopting remote education, as Enab Baladi monitored. People must have sufficient access to virtual reality suitable for remote education, including active internet connection and electric power, which are not available in the province.
[ December 10, As Suwayda ] Teacher Maher al Halabi toldEnab Baladithat distance education requires effective educational videos prepared by specialists. In turn, students need to have a high speed Internet connection at home to access educational videos. Teachers should encourage their students to be engaged in video materials.
[ December 10, As Suwayda ]  The province of As Suwayda recorded new cases of the coronavirus daily during last November. However, government authorities' absence of the prevention measures against COVID 19 prompted people to loud their angry voices, asking for the educational facilities' closure.
At the sub district level, Afrin sub district in Aleppo governorate received the largest number of IDP movements with around 10,000 movements, while Idleb and Harim sub districts in Idleb governorate each received almost 7,000 IDP movements. A'zaz sub district in Aleppo governorate and Ariha sub district in Idleb governorate each received around 4,000 IDP movements, and more than 3,000 IDP movements were recorded to have arrived in Jebel Saman sub district in Aleppo governorate. . At the community level, Idleb city received the largest number of IDPs with around 2,000 movements this month. Ariha in Idleb governorate and Afrin, A'zaz and Khaldiyet Afrin towns in Aleppo governorate received more than 1,000 IDP movements each, while Lattakia city in Lattakia governorate and Betiya town in Idleb governorate each received some 800 IDP movements in October.
Given the humanitarian situation on the ground, these movements are estimated to mostly be driven by economic incentives and access to services and livelihoods, as well as the security situation characterised by explosive hazards and a brief increase in hostilities at the end of the month.
[ 24 December 2020   5 January 2021, GoS ]  For respondents who spend 601,000–800,000 SYP monthly, the percentage of those relying on remittances from abroad reached 61.5%. Conversely, the percentage of those relying on remittances decreased to 15.5% among the lowest spending group. In other words, the residents who are still able to have a reasonable living standard are able to do so primarily because of these remittances from abroad.
[ 24 December 2020   5 January 2021, GoS ]  The percentage of decrease in chicken consumption in the next highest spending category  ( 201,000–400,000 SYP monthly )  was even more than in the previous category; chicken consumption decreased for 80.9% of those respondents spending 201,000–400,000 SYP monthly, and 2020 consumption dropped to less than half that of 2018 for 41.9% of them. Respondents who spend 401,000–600,000 SYP monthly have fared a little better. While chicken consumption for this group did decrease for 68.6% of the respondents, only 29.4% decreased to less than half.
[ February 2021, Ar Raqqa, NES ]  Measures reportedly implemented by residents to protect against COVID 19: Wash hands often 62%, Cover nose/ mouth when coughing 34%, Use of disinfectants more 23% and Wear masks outside 18%.
[ February 9, Aleppo ]  “Government provided power is off all the time, so we resort to amperes  ( the name locals use to refer to generators' electricity ) ,' Said toldEnab Baladi, requesting that his surname be withheld. Ampers are supplied to households from 3 p.m. to 1 a.m., he added.
[ January 2021, NWS ]  Social distancing rules in schools to limit the spread of COVID 19 require setting markers  ( drawing lines with a 1 meter distance )  to clarify social distancing in public facilities  ( toilets   taps )  and in corridors. It is worth men  tioning that these procedures are inapplicable in camp schools because these camps have dusty ground and no markers can be set; Additionally, there are no corridors within camp schools which mainly consist of separate rooms.
[ 30 March 2021, GoS ]  The Ministry stated that the total number of coronavirus cases recorded in Syria has reached up to 18,638, of which 12, 492have recovered, while 1,247 others have passed away.
[ 30 April 2021, GoS ]  Health Ministry stated that 102 new coronavirus cases were registered in Syria, while 160 patients have recovered and 9 have passed away.
[ May 2021, GoS & NES ]  Homs recorded the highest price of a two year old alive male sheep at SYP 594,405/head  ( down one percent m o m ) , while Al Hasakeh recorded the lowest price at SYP 435,417/head  ( down ten percent m o m ) .
[ April 2021, Overall Syria ]  In April 2021, 14 percent of interviewed households across Syria reported taking children of the mandatory education age out of school and having them work instead to bring additional income to the household.
[ 2 May 2021, GoS ]  The Ministry said that the total number of infections has amounted to 22,818, of which 16,992 have recovered and 1,598 have passed away.
[ 12 May 2021, GoS ]  The Ministry noted that the total number of the coronavirus cases registered in Syria has reached up to 23,490 till now, of which 19,316 have recovered, while 1,670 others have passed away.
[ April 2021,Overall Syria ]  In April 2021, almost a third of the surveyed households  ( 30 percent )  indicated facing difficulties in reaching markets, an increase of six percentage points from March 2021 and representing the highest level recorded since April 2020.
[  October 1, Homs ]  Even though all Syrian governorates, including the northern countryside of Homs, are experiencing a shortage of bread, and citizens have to wait in longs lines to get a batch of bread, security clearances are not given to private bakeries in order to operate. Moreover, the owners of these bakeries offered serious money to the security services, but all in vain. He explained that more than 15 bakeries in the northern countryside of Homs suffer from this problem due to the previous cooperation with the opposition. Even the one of the “Red Crescent' division was prevented from operating for the same reason.
[  October 1, Homs ]  “I have a hard time getting a loaf of bread, yet, I have no choice. The government subsidized bread is difficult to obtain because I have to wait in very long lines. Besides, bread loaves are of very poor quality. On the other hand, bread produced by private bakeries is not available because their licenses are not renewed.' People in the cities of the northern countryside of Homs, such as Rastan and Talbiseh, and the villages of Houla, also suffer a lack of access to bread.
[  October 1, Homs ]  On 15 September, the Director General of the Syrian Bakeries Foundation, Ziad Hazza, pointed out that the reason for the severe overcrowding in front of the bakeries is due to the increased demand for bread and the high level of bread consumption recently. He added that consumers of “touristic' bread bread fortified with milk and sugar, resumed buying the subsidized bread due to the high price of touristic bread, which forced the Syrian Bakeries Foundation to operate bakeries at maximum capacity and sometimes by power generators due to the constant power outages, which disrupted some bakeries and stopped others from working, as he put it.
[ 9 May 2021, GoS ]  Fuel Prices: National Informal Market Average up to March 2021 stood at SYP 1,603 per litre.
[ April 2021, Overall Syria ]  Challenges faced in accessing medical facilities was more pronounced in Al Hasakeh  ( 32 percent ) , with a six percentage points increase month on month, followed by Ar  Raqqa  ( 30 percent ) . Also, 19 percent of surveyed households in Homs indicated difficulties in accessing hospitals, marking a doubling of the levels recorded a month earlier. Lack of money  ( 15 percent )  was the main reported impediment to receiving healthcare services among Syrian households nationwide. Furthermore, 39 percent of interviewed households reported not being able to purchase the necessary medicines in April 2021, mainly due to lack of financial resources  ( 81 percent )  and shortage of medicines in pharmacies  ( 18 percent ) .
[ 4 May 2021, NWS ]  In early 2021, heavy rainfall and widespread flooding further increased the needs of communities in Northwest Syria. With at least 418 IDP sites affected by the flooding increased the need for tent replacements, NFI's, plastic sheets, multi purpose cash assistance, ground levelling, winterization, and infrastructure improvement services.
[ May 2021, Overall Syria ]  The price of all monitored COVID 19 items increased between April and May 2021. M o m, the price of surgeon masks and plastic gloves increased by 20 and 26 percent, reaching SYP 451/mask and SYP 643/pair, respectively. M om, the price of hand gel and soap bars increased by six and 13 percent, reaching SYP 1,211/50 ml and SYP 615/bar, respectively. Moreover, m o m, the price of alcohol spray and bleach increased by three and four percent reaching SYP 2,263/200 ml and SYP 1,512/litre, respectively
[ May 2021, Overall Syria ]  Compared to November 2020  ( six months ago ) , the price of surgeon masks and soap bars and plastic gloves increased by 33, 74 and 86 percent, respectively. Moreover, the price of hand gel, bleach and alcohol spray increased by 30, 37 and 40 percent.
[ February 2021, Ar Raqqa, NES ]  Reported proportion of residents engaging in social distancing: Everyone 0%, Most 3%, About half 13%, A few 8% and Nobody 76%.
[ February 2021, Ar Raqqa, NES ]  Top three reported expense types by % of assessed settlements: Healthcare 98%, Food 98% and Debt repaying 44%.
[ February 2021, Ar Raqqa, NES ]  Proportion of assessed settlements with KIs reporting the presence of child protection issues over the 30 days prior to data collection: Yes 88% and No 12%.
[ April 2021, Overall Syria ]  Year on year  ( y o y ) , the price of the reference food basket has significantly increased across all 14 governorates. Deir ez Zor recorded the highest increase  ( up 301 percent ) , while Al Hasakeh recorded the lowest increase  ( up 165 percent ) .
[ December 10, As Suwayda ]  The first time the Education Directorate in the province of As Suwayda decides to close a school due to the spread of the novel coronavirus was when ten out of 22 students at Salman al Safadi Secondary School in the southern Salkhad region tested positive for the coronavirus. At that time, the school was closed for ten days “to conduct disinfection at the school building.'
[ May 2021, GoS & NES ]  Lattakia recorded the highest vegetable oil price at SYP 8,206/litre  ( up one percent m o m ) , while Al Hasakeh recorded the lowest price at SYP 5,153/litre  ( down five percent m o m ) .
[ May 2021, Overall Syria ]  The gap between the highest and lowest average food basket prices widened by 14 percent from SYP 66,103 in April 2021 to SYP 75,216 in May 2021 and by 240 percent since May 2020. This gap highlights continued supply chain and fuel disruptions across the country since last year.
[ May 2021, Overall Syria ]  Syrian households have started buying red meat in ounces instead of kilos as a coping mechanism due to their reduced purchasing power.
[ January 2021, Syria ]  Social distancing rules in classrooms to limit the spread of Covid19  require that each student sits alone in the desk. In the schools in which the rules of social distancing were applied  ( 857 schools ) , the results of the study show that students sit alone in their desks in 554 )  %65 schools )  of the schools, whereas students don't sit alone in the desks in 303 )  %35 schools )  in that more than one student sit in the desk, which may increase the likelihood of transmission of COVID19  virus.
[ 1 8 February 2021, NES ]  Regional median prices for manually refined fuels increased again in NES in February. Prices for manually refined transport fuels also increased by 8% between January and February; 52% since August. Manually refined diesel increased by 17% and manually refined petrol remained stable  ( 0% change since January ) .
[ May 2021, Overall Syria ]  In May 2021, the informal exchange rate strengthened m o m, and the Syrian pound gained one percent of its value reaching SYP 3,113/USD. However, compared to one year ago, the Syrian pound significantly depreciated by 49 percent. Moreover, the official exchange rate and the UN operational rate have both remained unchanged m o m, at SYP 2,500/USD.
[ 15th March, 2021, GoS ]  The manager of the Ministry of Education's Health Directorate, Hatoun Al Tawashi told local media the government will not close schools despite an increase in positive cases among pupils, to avoid them missing out on any more education.
[ 9 May 2021, Idlib, NWS ]  In Idlib, Yasser Naguib, a doctor who heads a local vaccine team working in opposition held areas said 6,070 people out of around 40,000 healthcare and humanitarian workers on a priority list had been vaccinated by May 9. But even some healthcare workers are wary. A Reuters witness saw just seven out of 30 medical workers receiving vaccines on the first day of a campaign at one Idlib medical centre. Initially, only three had volunteered.
[ 11 May 2021, NWS ]  By the end of 2021, two more COVAX vaccine batches are expected to arrive in Idlib to inoculate about 850,000 people in a region of about 3.5 million people, a target that leaves the region's vaccination teams with much work to do.
[ May 2021, Overall Syria ]  The national average ToT between wheat flour and wage labour decreased by 15 percent compared to November 2020  ( six months ago )  and by 33 percent compared to May 2020. In other words, the national average daily wage of a non skilled labourer could buy 3.3 kgs of wheat flour in May 2021 compared to 3.9 kgs in November 2020, and 5.0 kgs in May 2020.
[ 24 April 2021, Damascus, GoS & NWS ]  On April 24, the Syrian regime received 150,000 doses of the Sinopharm COVID 19 vaccine from China. It was the second batch to arrive in Damascus, days after 203,000 out of a total 256,800 AstraZeneca doses for Syria were received through the COVID 19 Vaccines Global Access Facility  ( COVAX )  initiative. The remaining 53,800 doses were for opposition areas in northwest Syria.
[  March 2021, GoS ]  Moreover, the commercial bread price increased by three percent m o m and by 145 percent y o y, reaching SYP 1,690/bundle. Damascus recorded the highest average commercial bread price at SYP 2,078/bundle  ( up 18 percent m o m ) , while Hama recorded the lowest average price of SYP 880/bundle  ( down 47 percent m o m ) .
[ May 2021, GoS, & NWS ] Broken down by regions, the ToT between an alive two year old male sheep and wheat flour, the cross border region recorded the highest ToT at 360 kg/sheep  ( up four percent m o m ) , followed by the middle region at 269 kg/sheep  ( down seven percent m o m ) . While northwest Syria region recorded the lowest ToT per region at 229 kg/sheep  ( up nine percent m o m ) , followed by the coastal region at 235 kg/sheep  ( up four percent m o m ) .
[ 1 8 February 2021, NES ]  In February, the value of the regional SMEB  ( Survival Minimum Expenditure Basket )  reached 282,526 Syrian pounds  ( SYP ) , a 5% increase compared to January and 47% increase since August 2020. According to REACH field teams, these price developments are likely due to the more expensive reliance on the import of fresh foods from Government of Syria held areas, affected by high transportation costs and increasing dollar exchange rates.
[ 1 8 February 2021, NES ]  The cost of the SMEB hygiene component increased by 13% in February, reaching a median of 24,092 SYP. Specifically, the cost of toothpaste and bars of soap saw the largest increases, by 22% and 20% respectively. The median prices for many COVID 19 related items saw varied price fluctuations. Hand sanitizer   which is more frequently locally produced   decreased by 5% in price, whereas facemasks   also frequently locally produced   increased by 14%.
[ 25 June 2021, Damascus, GoS ]  The Operations & Policy Center  ( OPC )  study shows that 10.4% of men are working multiple jobs at once. In fact, 70.7 percent of respondents said that their families depended on two or three main sources of income, and 41.8 percent of respondents reported that they relied on in kind and cash assistance from relief organizations as a major source of income.
[ January 2, Daraa ]  Daraa has lost “the highest percentage' of hospital beds since 2011. Of 810 beds, only 130 beds remained undamaged in 2019. Out of eight public hospitals, only one hospital operates, with a shortage of qualified medical cadres. Most were forced to flee during the military operation that ushered in the return of the Syrian regime's control over the governorate in July 2018.
[ 19 April 2021, NES ]  The branch said that with the increase in infections with the new Corona virus, and in conjunction with the total ban imposed in most areas of Hasaka, volunteers of the first aid teams in the Syrian Arab Red Crescent in Hasaka are doubling their efforts in providing first aid and transporting emergency cases with full commitment to preventive measures and sterilization of the mechanisms.
[ 28 June 2021, NWS ]  "If fewer and fewer goods enter the country, prices here will explode," Huda Khayti, director of the Women Support and Empowerment Center Idlib said. Thanks to the devaluation of the Syrian currency, prices for food, fuel and other essential goods have already skyrocketed.
[ 28 June 2021, NWS ]  For weeks, Syrian President Bashar Assad and his Russian backers have been stepping up attacks in southern parts of the province   especially the area around Jabal Zawiya   despite an official cease fire. At a Security Council meeting in late May, Russia indicated it was unlikely to agree to an extension of the mandate to keep the border open. US Secretary of State Antony Blinken, on the other hand, urged the opening of a second border crossing to allow for more aid to reach the last rebel stronghold.
[ April 2021, GoS ]  The price of subsidised petrol has also changed due to the short supply of fuel as well as due to inflation. Octane 90 petrol subsidised price was sold at SYP 250/litre in early 2019 and Octane 95 petrol  ( not subsidised )  was sold at SYP 600/litre. This increased to SYP 750/litre for Octane 90 and SYP 2,500/ litre for Octane 95.
[ 4 JUL, Overall Syria ]  Following UNHCR's advocacy, refugees have been included in the national COVID 19 vaccination plan. In May, 33 refugees who are in the priority groups received their first dose of the vaccine.
[ March 2021, Ar Raqqa governorate ]   [ Twahina Camp Overview: Number of individuals: 2,578 ]  Top measures taken by camp management in response to the pandemic as reported by households: Changing distribution procedures 18%, Asking people to stay at home 8% and Distributing hygiene materials 5%.
[ January 2, Daraa ]  With limited health supplies, COVID 19 infection prevention and control campaigns were mostly carried out by Daraa people. These campaigns have not yet succeeded in raising people's awareness or interest in the coronavirus pandemic and its dangers. Like the remaining Syrians living in Assad held areas, Daraa residents believe that the government figures of the coronavirus cases are suspiciously low.
[ 4 July 2021, GoS ]  The Ministry said in a statement that the total number of infections in the country has reached up to 25653, of which 21850 have recovered and 1887 passed away.
[ March 2021, Ar Raqqa governorate ]   [ Twahina Camp Overview: Number of individuals: 2,578 ]  Top measures reportedly taken by households in response to the pandemic: Washing hands more regularly 47%, Staying at home as much as possible 32% and Cover nose/mouth when coughing/sneezing 25%.