nlp-thedeep/humsetbias huggingface dataset:
The COVID 19 pandemic affected uptake of essential health services and coverage rates across the states due to lockdown measures and reluctance of health care workers in providing services stemming from concern of infection. At the state level, UNICEF is supporting integrated routine immunization outreaches in poor performing LGAs, to improve coverage and actively participating in and supporting online coordination platforms to strengthen service delivery, while following COVID 19 protocols. Logistics support is also being provided for routine immunization supportive supervision. In Kano, State Level Vaccine Management Training concluded, with 250 participants trained and the training of 2360 frontline health workers across the 44 LGAs is currently ongoing. In Katsina state, 42,391 children were administered measles reactive vaccination.
[ 04/10/2020, Yobe state ]  In Yobe State, The SMOH and SPHCMB, with support from WHO and NCDC, conducted mass sensitization on COVID19 case detection and IPC to scale up case detection and prevention in remote communities.
[ 30/07/3030, Jere, Maiduguri and Konduga LGAs  ]  There is a major need of sand bags, shelter, shelter repair kits, construction and sanitation materials as a preparedness measure in all camps, provision of basic NFI as well as reconstruction of damaged toilets and shower areas. No casualty was reported.
[ 29th Mar 2021, Nigeria ]  On 29 March 2021 at 4:00AM, a fire outbreak was recorded at GGSS camp. The fire was triggered by a cigarette and reportedly destroyed camp facilities, shelters and belongings of numerous IDP households. This incident fully destroyed 28 shelters and partially damaged 3 shelters, affecting a total of 115 individuals in 31 households. The affected individuals include 66 children, 29 women and 20 men. Also, 6 IOM household biometric identity cards and a block of UNICEF latrines were lost to the fire. The victims of the fire outbreak, who are currently residing with friends and relatives in the camp, are is desperate need of shelter, food and NFIs.
[ 06/09/2020, Gwoza, Monguno, Maiduguri and Konduga LGAs ]  On 06 September 2020, IOM's DTM program carried out an assessment to ascertain the level of damage sustained in camps and camp like settings due to heavy windstorm and rainfall between the 1st   6th of September 2020. Overall, 7 camps were affected in Gwoza, Monguno, Maiduguri and Konduga LGAs. The worst hit of the camps assessed was the GGSS camp in Monguno LGA where a heavy rainfall left 1,140 makeshift shelters damaged and an estimated 3,764 individuals without shelter due to flooding.Other affected camps are: Suleimanti Camp, Musune Camp in Maiduguri Metropolitan Council, Wakane Host Community in Gwoza LGA, Gardener Low Cost Camp, NRC 1 & 2 in Monguno LGA and 400 Housing Estate  ( Gubio Camp )  in Konduga LGA.
[ 06/09/2020, Borno ]  With the onset of the rainy season in Nigeria's conflict affected northeastern State of Borno, varying degrees of damages are expected to infrastructures  ( self made and constructed )  in camps and camp like settings. This is so because the rains are more often than not accompanied by very high winds and have been known to cause serious damage to properties.
[ 03/08/2020,Nigeria ]  From 17 February 2020, when Nigeria reported its first case of coronavirus, there has been a spike in the number of confirmed cases of Covid 19, with more than 43,000 confirmed cases and over 800 deaths as of 3 August 2020.
[ 18/04/2020,Nigeria ]  The North East region of Nigeria, Boko Haram's stronghold has become a COVID hotspot. There have been reports about mass mysterious deaths in Yobe, one of the state worst hit by the militant attacks and Borno, Nigeria's second largest city. The pandemic struck first in Borno, the epicentre of Boko Haram on 18 April 2020 after a health care worker assisting in an internally displaced peoples  ( IDP )  camps hosting approximately 60,000 Boko Haram survivors was killed by the militant group. Since then, Borno has become one of Nigeria's worst hit state. Further, it is believed that the virus is spreading at a higher rate in these IDP camps due to a poor health care system.
[ 09/08/2020, Nigeria ] The state though argues that due to the security scenario it is unable to deliver the promises, the far north of the state suffering from food insecurity and malnutrition have been the easy target for Boko Haram. Boko Haram promised to pay them between 300,000 and 400,000 CFA  ( US$600 – US$800 )  each month to join their cause. The minimum wage, for those lucky enough to be employed, is just 36,000 CFA  ( US$72 )  per month. Those who resist joining Boko Haram are severely punished and are forced to leave the place.
[ 1st July 2020, BAY states ]  On average, host community households reported considerably higher monthly per capita education expenditure than IDP households. The average monthly per capita education expenditure reported by host community households was 831 NGN as compared to 230 NGN for IDP households. Findings suggest that education vulnerability is gendered. Of all households with school going children, households with at least one girl among their school going children were more commonly found to have higher education vulnerability  ( 30% )  than households who reportedly only had boys attending school  ( 7% ) . Across all 6 assessed LGAs, these households also reported lower monthly per capita education expenditure  ( 673 NGN )  compared to households with no girls attending schools  ( 829 NGN ) .
[ 1st July 2020, BAY states ]  Overall, 38% of the assessed households across 6 LGAs were found to have a high WASH vulnerability. Across all the 6 surveyed LGAs, the WASH vulnerability among IDP households  ( 43% )  appeared to be marginally higher than that of host community households  ( 38% ) . The top 3 LGAs with the highest WASH vulnerability were Askira/Uba  ( where 79% of households were found to have a high WASH vulnerability ) , Michika  ( 60% )  and Hawul  ( 52% ) .
A total of 2,415 movements were recorded, comprising 1,756 arrivals and 659 departures, between 21 and 27 December 2020. Arrivals were recorded at locations in Askira/Uba, Bama, Damboa, Gwoza, Mobbar and Monguno Local Government Areas  ( LGAs )  of the most affected Nigerian State of Borno. Arrivals were also recorded in Girei, Gombi, Hong, Lamurde, Madagali, Maiha, Michika, Mubi North, Mubi South, Numan, Song, Yola North and Yola South LGAs of the state of Adamawa. Departures were recorded in Askira/Uba, Damboa, Gwoza and Kala/Balge LGAs of Borno; Girei, Gombi, Lamurde, Madagali, Maiha, Mubi North, Mubi South, Numan and Song LGAs of Adamawa.
[ 1st July 2020, BAY states ]  WASH expenditure includes water consumption for all domestic purposes like washing, cooking and drinking, as well hygiene items like sanitary napkins, soaps and other personal care items. On average, host community households reported higher per capita WASH expenditure. The per capita WASH expenditure reported by host community households was 466 NGN as compared to 284 NGN for IDP households. In general, the same factors that determine overall expenditure per capita affect WASH expenditure per person. Factors such as the number of household members seems to determine both spending on WASH and total spending.
[ 1st July 2020, BAY states ]  Similar to the findings on education vulnerabilities, WASH vulnerability seems to be gendered. Households with one or more female members were more commonly found to have a high WASH vulnerability  ( 40% )  compared to households with no female members  ( 21% ) . Households with one or more female members also reported less monthly per capita WASH expenditure  ( 430 NGN )  as compared to households with no female members  ( 530 NGN ) .
[ 1st July 2020, BAY states ]  Overall, 9% of the surveyed population across 6 LGAs were found to have a high health vulnerability. Across all the 6 surveyed LGAs, greater proportion of host community households  ( 9% )  were found to have high health vulnerability as compared to IDP households  ( 5% ) . The three LGAs with the highest proportion of households with high health vulnerability were Askira/Uba  ( 23% of households ) , Michika  ( 23% ) , and Hawul  ( 13% ) .
[ 1st July 2020, BAY states ]  On average, host community households reported higher per capita health expenditure. The average monthly per capita expenditure on health reported by host community households was 703 NGN as compared to 402 NGN for IDP households. Though health vulnerability did not show any considerable variance within different household demographic dimensions like presence of one or more elderly8 members or households with one or more disabled9 members, monthly per capita health expenditure increases with the presence of either of the above described household demographic dimensions.
[ 1st Aug 2020, Borno, Yobe states ]  According to the March 2020 "Cadre Harmonisé" analysis, without considering the effects of the COVID 19 pandemic, about 7 million people were estimated to be severely food insecure during the lean season between June and August 2020, well above the about 5 million food insecure people estimated in the same period in 2019. The main drivers for the significant increase in the number of people in need of assistance are some localized cereal production shortfalls in 2019, the escalation of armed and community conflicts and high inflation rates. The areas most affected by food insecurity are Borno and Yobe states, where over 2 million people are food insecure. However, the current situation is worse than expected as the COVID 19 containment measures adversely effected households' livelihood activities and incomes, especially in urban areas.
[ 8th Oct 2020, Nigeria ]  Recent attacks by Boko Haram insurgents and military operations across the northeast continue to hinder the agro pastoral and seasonal livelihood activities, including access to fields. This is resulting in increased displacement, humanitarian needs and food insecurity
[ 1st July 2020, BAY states ]  Across all the 6 surveyed LGAs, households with one or more elderly members4 reported higher monthly per capita health expenditure  ( 953 NGN )  as compared to households with no elderly member  ( 606 NGN ) . Similarly, household with one or more disabled members4 reported marginally higher monthly per capita health expenditure  ( 671 NGN )  as compared to households with no disabled member  ( 652 NGN ) .
Heavy rainfall in July and August resulted in localized flooding in Kaduna, Katsina, Zamfara, Sokoto, Kebbi and Niger states, affecting thousands of people and causing human casualties, loss of livelihoods and damage to crops, livestock and infrastructures
As of August 2020, the International Organization for Migration  ( IOM )  identified over 2.7 million people that have been displaced due to the insurgency in the northeastern states of Adamawa, Borno and Yobe, due to communal clashes in North West/North Central and to natural disasters. Most displaced households have limited income and mostly rely on humanitarian assistance to cover their basic needs.
[ 1st Sep 2020,North East Nigeria ]  Four deterioration or negative alerts for nutrition were registered for Askira Uba, Bayo, Biu and Gwoza LGAs with GAM changes ≥5% and SAM also ≥1%. In Gubio, nutrition only was also recorded because of high GAM and SAM rates above the emergency thresholds of 15 and 2% respectively. While on the other hand, >5% deterioration was recorded for diarrhea thereby given rise to health only alert. In total, 7 LGAs have alerts  ( see the table above for details ) . Nganzai and Shani LGAs shows improvement across all the 3 indicators when compared to last round of data collection. Overall, 7 LGAs have alerts  ( 5 nutrition only alert and 2 health only alerts )  which needs to be investigated further with a small study. None of the alerts met the criteria emergency for an emergency response as there was no confirmed outbreak of cholera or measles.
[  1st July 2020, Borno, Yobe states ]  The Survival Minimum Expenditure Basket  ( SMEB )  outlines the minimum food items needed for survival of a household in a month. The basket comprises basic energy food requirements of 2,100 kilocalories per person per day and include food items like rice, maize, red beans, palm oil, vegetable oil, salt and sugar, consumed by the majority of households in the Northeast. Between June and July, the cost of 70% of the Survival Minimum Expenditure Basket  ( SMEB )  for a family of five increased slightly from 19,072 Naira to 19,345 Naira in Maiduguri and Jere. In Geidam, the SMEB  ( 100% )  increased by ten  ( 10 )  percent between June and July  ( from 18,411 Naira to 20,228 Naira ) . In the same vein, an increase of the SMEB by 10 and 15 percent was recorded in Gulani and Nguru respectively.
[ 1st Sep 2020,North East Nigeria ]  Recommendations : Based on the findings above, we recommend that; i. The high GAM and SAM rates observed in Gubio as well as reports of lack of partners presence now necessitate the need for UNICEF as CLA and provider of last resort to immediately mobilize and start implementing nutrition services. ii. The high deterioration in both GAM and SAM numbers in Askira Uba, Bayo, Biu and Gwoza makes it imperative to investigate further the drivers of malnutrition in these LGAs through a small survey using SMART methodology. However, data has been collected recently  ( this month )  in Bayo LGA for INP+ endline, we recommend that the INP+ data be analyzed for this purpose.
[  1st Jun 2020, Borno, Yobe states ]  Overall, the prices of key staples have sustained an upward trend and have remained high in monitored markets in Borno and Yobe during the past three  ( 3 )  months. Comparing June and July, the prices of food commodities like sorghum, maize, ground nuts, rice  ( local and imported )  and red beans prices increased slightly or remained stable across the monitored markets in Borno, while in Yobe increase in prices were observed across most markets when compared to prices in June 2020.
[ 1st Aug2020, Nigeria ]  Prices of coarse grains continued to increase significantly in most markets in the past few months, supported by the effects of the restrictive measures implemented to contain the COVID 19 pandemic and strong domestic demand. The situation is exacerbated by the closure of the borders with neighbouring countries, implemented since August 2019 to curb the smuggling of imported rice and maize.
[ 1st Sep 2020,North East Nigeria ]  Recommendations : The high deterioration in diarrhea rates in Dikwa and Kala Balge should also be investigated further. iv. Improvement in Shani and Nganzai LGAs should also be investigated using nutrition and health survey. v. A meeting of the of the FIT Implementation Committee be convened immediately to decide possible response implementation strategy to identified alerts. vi. Finally, even though Monguno and Dikwa LGAs did not meet the alert criteria of nutrition alert, the data reveals high GAM rate in Monguno and SAM rates above emergency threshold in Dikwa. These necessitated the need for the nutrition team and partners to keep an eye these LGAs and ensure that every child that requires treatment is responded to.
[  1st July 2020, Borno states ]  Depicts the nominal price of some key staples: maize flour, red beans, ground nuts, local and imported rice in the monitored markets in MMC and Jere of Borno state. Compared to July 2019, the prices of imported and local rice showed an increase of 38 and 35 percent respectively. However, the retail prices of maize and groundnuts decreased by 8 and 2 percent respectively compared to last year, while prices of red beans remained stable
[  1st July 2020, Borno, Yobe states ]  Over the last three months, the price of red beans did show a significant increase in some of the markets. In Borno, prices increased in Budum  ( 20% ) , Kasuwan Shanu  ( 26% ) , Bullumkutu  ( 27% )  and Baga  ( 29% )  markets. Also in Yobe, the retail price of red beans increased in Gashua  ( 28% ) , Nguru  ( 35% ) , Potiskum  ( 38% )  and Bursari  ( 76% )  markets. Furthermore, the prices of maize increased in Custom  ( 13% ) , Tashan Bama  ( 14% ) , Budum  ( 25% )  and Kasuwan Shanu  ( 36% ) . In Yobe, maize prices increased in Bursari  ( 25% ) , Gujba  ( 29% ) , Geidam  ( 33% ) , Gulani  ( 47% ) , Potiskum  ( 83% ) , Gashua and Nguru  ( 85% )  markets
[ 1st July 2020, BAY states ]  Findings indicate that the majority of the assessed households were unable to independently maintain the financial standards required for a dignified life. Overall, 62% of the surveyed population across 6 LGAs live in extreme poverty3  ( high or moderate vulnerability ) . Across all the 6 surveyed LGAs, the proportion of IDP households found to be living in extreme poverty  ( 82% )  was higher than the proportion of host community households  ( 62% ) .
[ 1st July 2020, BAY states ]  Overall, 82% of households with at least one disabled member were found to live in extreme poverty as compared to 62% households with no disabled members. Findings suggest that smaller households are likely to have higher per capita expenditure than larger households. Half  ( 52% )  of households with less than four members have a low economic vulnerability. The equivalent figure for households with four or more members is 27%.
[ 16th Oct 2020,North East Nigeria ]  Everywhere we work the food prices have gone up, in some places they doubled. It means that millions of people in the North East of Nigeria do not have enough to eat," said Ruth Mwakiuna Muriungi, economic security programs coordinator for the ICRC. Almost two million people in the North East are currently displaced and do not have access to their agricultural land and production tools. In many areas of the Lake Chad region, insecurity and movement restrictions have limited farmers ability to plant crops.
[ 16th Oct 2020,North East Nigeria ]  The economic impact of the COVID 19 pandemic put additional strain on the vulnerable communities in the North East of Nigeria, where the decade long armed conflict is severely hampering agricultural production and self sufficiency of local farmers.
[ 21st Dec2020,Nigeria ]  Even before the federal government's advisory, many states like Lagos and Kaduna already introduced new rounds of restrictions to check the spread of the virus.
Bama: 210 arrivals were recorded in Bama LGA of Borno state. The arrivals included 206 from Marwa region in Cameroon, 3 from Maiduguri Metropolitan Council and 1 from Bama LGAs of Borno state. 86 per cent of the movements recorded were due to poor living conditions and 14 per cent were as a result of voluntary relocation. Gwoza: 187 arrivals and 2 departures were recorded in Gwoza LGA of Borno state. The arrivals included 52 from Yola South, 39 from Maiha, 19 from Yola North and 14 from Girei LGAs of Adamawa state, 39 from Marwa region in Camerooon, 13 from Gwoza and 7 from Magumeri LGAs of Borno state and 4 from Abuja Municipal Area Council LGA of the Federal Capital Territory. 83 per cent of the movements recorded were triggered by poor living conditions, 16 per cent relocated in response to improved security and the remaining 1 per cent relocated voluntarily.
[ 30Nov 6thDec 2020,Nigeria ]  ETT assessments identified the following movement triggers: voluntary relocation  ( 61.6% ) , poor living conditions  ( 24.7% ) , improved security  ( 9.2% ) , and conflict/Attack  ( 4.5% ) .
Bama: 448 arrivals were recorded in Bama LGA of Borno state. All arrivals were from Marwa region in Cameroon. 93 per cent of the movements recorded were due to poor living conditions and 7 per cent were as a result of voluntary relocation. Askira/Uba: 191 arrivals were recorded in Askira/Uba LGA of Borno state. The arrivals included 128 from Anka LGA of Zamfara state, 41 from Askira/Uba LGA of Borno state and 9 from Madagali, 8 from Hong and 5 from Girei LGAs of Adamawa state. 67 per cent relocated voluntarily, 26 per cent of the movements recorded were as a result of improved security and 7 per cent of the movements recorded were triggered by poor living conditions.
[ 16th Oct 2020,Nigeria ]  With Nigeria depending on food import for a tenth of its food needs, border closures and restrictions on movement during spring and summer months have also affected the availability of food in the markets. Extreme weather is another factor influencing food production in Nigeria. For example, Adamawa state has experienced dry spells at the beginning of the agricultural season, which is expected to have a negative impact on the production of maize in the area
[ 1st 15th Oct 2020, North East Nigeria ]  All the camps has established health structures, COVID 19 sensitization, response pathway and access to mobile clinics where vaccination activities and essential medicine distribution services are provided by health partners. 15% of camps reported cases of malaria
[ 1st July 2020, Borno states ] KIs from 7 settlements reported that misinformation  ( at least one rumor )  on COVID 19 was prevalent amongst residents. According to these KIs, COVID 19 is not real  ( 6 ) , COVID 19 cannot infect Africans  ( 4 ) , and COVID 19 cannot survive in the heat  ( 3 )  are the most common.
[ 1st July 2020,Borno states ]  KIs from 9 settlements reported that approximately half or more residents did not have enough food to meet the needs of their household in the 30 days prior to data collection.
[ 3rd Nov 2020, Nigeria ]  The 137 new cases are reported from 15 states and the FCT, as follows – Lagos 60, Abia 21 FCT 18, Rivers 13, Kaduna 5, Oyo 4, Edo 3, Delta 2, Imo 2, Kano 2, Ogun 2, Bauchi 1, Gombe 1, Nasarawa 1, Niger 1 and Osun 1,“ it stated. The health agency said the total confirmed cases so far in the country now stand at 63,173 of which 59,634 have been discharged.
[ 1st July 2020, BAY states ]  Primary education is free and compulsory in Nigeria, however, surveyed households face several barriers to ensure all the children have access and remain in education. The education vulnerability indicator looks at two key areas: 1 )  time taken to travel to school and 2 )  enrollment status of school going children.
[ 1st July 2020, Nigeria ]  As the conflict in Nigeria continues through its tenth year, the needs of populations across the North East remain dire. According to the 2020 Humanitarian Needs Overview  ( HNO ) , approximately 7.9 million people depended on life saving assistance, and 1.8 million people were displaced from their homes at the start of 2020.1 The United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitatian Affairs  ( UNOCHA )  estimates that the number of people in need of life saving assistance has risen to 10.6 million since the onset of COVID 19.
[ 26th Dec 2020,Nigeria ] Many doctors do not have access to Personal Protective Equipment  ( PPE )  before attending to patients, according to the report. More than 1,000 health workers have reportedly tested positive for COVID 19.
[ 3rd Nov 2020, Nigeria ]  A total of 137 new infections of the Coronavirus  ( COVID 19 )  pandemic were reported in Nigeria on Tuesday, according to the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control  ( NCDC ) . The NCDC made this known via its verified website on Tuesday. The public health agency said the new infections bring the country's total number of COVID  19 to 63,173.
[ 3rd Nov 2020, Nigeria ]  It, however, noted that the COVID 19 infection have claimed 1,151 lives across the country.
[ 14thDec2020, North East Nigeria ]  Borno state remains the epicentre of the crisis, where over 1.5 million people have been displaced.
[ 25Oct 2020,Nigeria ]  Like most developing countries, violence, unemployment, poverty and limited future opportunities continues to be a threat to the youth in Nigeria. The challenges of youth unemployment and underemployment if not urgently addressed will continue to increase socio economic exclusion, migration and political tensions.
[ 1st Mar 2020,Nigeria ] The report for March 2020 showed that about 5.06 million people required urgent assistance in the period  ( March to May 2020 ) .
[ 25Oct 2020,Nigeria ]  Prior to the COVID 19 pandemic, we had an estimated 13.2 million children out of school with no access at all to education; this is expected to increase significantly post COVID.
[ 1st Nov 2020,Mafa LGA, Borno state ]  Of households that reported either owning or renting their place of dwelling, 61% of internally displaced households  ( n=47 )  reported having no form of documentation demonstrating tenure, compared to 40% of non displaced households  ( n=70 ) .7
[ 12 18th Oct 2020,Borno, Adamawa ]  Askira/Uba: 67 arrivals and 151 departures were recorded in Askira/Uba LGA of Borno state. The arrivals recorded included 33 from Hong, 29 from Mubi South and 5 from Madagali LGAs of Adamawa state. The departures were 120 from Askira/Uba, 7 from Chibok and 5 from Gwoza LGAs in Borno state and 19 from Madagali LGA in Adamawa state. 82 per cent of movements were as a result of improved security, 12 per cent due to poor living conditions and 6 per cent relocated voluntarily. Bama: 114 arrivals were recorded in Bama LGA of Borno state. The arrivals included 66 from Marwa region in Cameroon and 48 from Bama LGA of Borno state. 90 per cent relocated as a result of poor living conditions and the remaining 10 per cent relocated voluntarily.
[ 25Oct 2020,Nigeria ]  The current ‘EndSARS' protest reveals underlying issues of poverty, social injustices and the widening inequality in the country. Such issues as, educational inequality for example, arises from poor access and quality of education, which most often results in poverty and poverty contributes to poor educational outcomes, which further impacts the youth.
[ 12 18th Oct 2020,Borno, Adamawa ]  A total of 1,162 movements were recorded, comprising 733 arrivals and 429 departures, between 12 and 18 October 2020. Arrivals were recorded at locations in Askira/Uba, Bama, Dikwa, Gwoza, Mobbar, Monguno and Ngala Local Government Areas  ( LGAs )  of the most affected Nigerian State of Borno. Arrivals were also recorded in Girei, Gombi, Lamurde, Madagali, Maiha, Michika, Mubi North, Mubi South, Numan, Song, Yola North and Yola South LGAs of the state of Adamawa. Departures were recorded in Askira/Uba and Kala/Balge LGAs of Borno; Fufore, Girei, Madagali, Maiha, Mayo Belwa, Mubi North, Mubi South, Numan, Song and Yola North LGAs of Adamawa.
[ 1st June July 2020,Borno state ]  Some KIs  ( 14 )  also mentioned that people in the settlements had received information about COVID 19 prevention. It was primarily KIs from Damboa and Abadam that mentioned that people in their settlements had received information about COVID 19 prevention, which included information about isolation of sick people, covering of eyes and mouth  ( 9 )  and frequent hand washing  ( 11 ) .
[ 25Oct 2020,Nigeria ]  Nigeria is, therefore, struggling not only to keep its citizens out of poverty but is facing the challenge of keeping its children in school and its youth gainfully employed.
[ 25Oct 2020,Nigeria ]  Frustrations are also increasing for those who cannot access any form of education or skills development initiatives. The lack of access to quality education and consequent effect of the youth's inability to access jobs and opportunities can only have detrimental effects for the country.
[ 12 18th Oct 2020,Borno, Adamawa ]  Mubi South: 51 arrivals and 45 departures were recorded in Mubi South LGA of Adamawa state. The arrivals included 22 from Gwoza LGA of Borno state, 16 from Maiha and 13 from Mubi North LGAs of Adamawa state. 58 per cent of movements were due to voluntary relocation, 23 per cent as a result of poor living conditions and 19 per cent were triggered by improved security. Mobbar: 77 arrivals were recorded in Mobbar LGA of Borno state. All arrivals were from Diffa region in Niger republic. 68 per cent of the movements were triggered by conflict/attack and 32 per cent relocated voluntarily.
[ 12 18th Oct 2020,Borno, Adamawa ]  ETT assessments identified the following movement triggers: voluntary relocation  ( 43.0% ) , poor living conditions  ( 25.6% ) , improved security  ( 24.3% ) , conflict/attack  ( 4.8% )  and fear of attack  ( 2.3% ) .
During the period 12   18 December 2020, 335 movements were observed at Four Points of Entries in Borno state. Of the total movements recorded, 188 were incoming from Extreme Nord in Cameroon and 5 from N'djamena in Chad Republic.
[ 1st June July 2020,Borno state ]  Despite KIs from Bama reporting that people in the H2R settlements had not received information about COVID 19, two other KIs from Bama mentioned that people in the H2R settlement did not need more information. The KIs reporting this were from different settlements than the KIs reporting that people in the H2R settlement had not received information about COVID 19.
[ 1st June July 2020,Borno state ]  At least one KI from each LGA mentioned that no preventative measures had been taken in their settlements. While only a few of the KIs from Damboa  ( 2 )  and Abadam  ( 1 )  mentioned that no preventative measure had been taken by people in the H2R settlements, all KIs from Bama  ( 6 )  and almost all KIs from Gwoza  ( 5 )  mentioned that no preventative measures had been taken.
[ 5th Nov 2020,Nigeria ]  About 22 million people could face a food crisis in Nigeria between October 2020 and August 2021, a report by the Food and Agriculture Organisation  ( FAO )  of the United Nations, has shown.
[ 1st Nov2020,Nigeria ] Challenges: Operations in November were slowed by a combination of systemic and context specific bottlenecks, including scarcity of military escorts and unavailability of commercial trucking services. WFP is strengthening analytics to quickly detect such bottlenecks and take preventive action.
[ 16th  31st Oct 2020,BAY states ]  The main source of drinking and non drinking water at displacement sites is the borehole  ( 81% ) . Other sources of water supply include hand pumps, wells, water vendors and water trucking.
[ 1st Oct2020,Adamawa and Borno states ] In 89% of the assessed settlements, sick community members were reportedly not being separated from others.
During the period 1 to 31 December 2020, 1,245 movements were observed at Five Points of Entries in Adamawa and Borno states. Of the total movements recorded, 729 were incoming from Extreme Nord, 1 from Nord in Cameroon and 35 from N'Djamena in Chad republic. A total of 765 Incoming movements were observed at Five Points of Entries.
[ 22nd   28th Mar 2021, Adamawa State, Nigeria ]  WHO supported risk communication volunteers visited 1,698 households, six churches and one Sangaya. 8,661 persons  ( 1,925 men, 2,682 women, 1,957 boys and 2,097 girls ) . Broadcast of weekly Community Radio Program by Radio Nigeria Fombina FM and Adamawa State Broadcasting Corporation  ( ABC )  Radio specifically on promoting compliance to safety protocols, voluntary testing, wearing facemask and handwashing is currently ongoing based on the following schedule: Ongoing daily broadcast of 10 jingles per day in Radio Nigeria Fombina FM, 10 jingles per day by Gotel Radio; 10 jingles per day by ABC Radio, 5 jingles per day by Pulaako FM and 5 TV jingles per day in Adamawa State Television
[ 30/09/2020, Nigeria ]  Nigeria is at risk of crossborder flooding, given it is downstream from other flood affected countries along the Niger River basin, including Niger
[ 1st Feb 2021, Nigeria ] COVID 19 risk: Given the relatively high estimated risk in rural areas, supporting interventions targeting agricultural laborers should be encouraged. Recently published studies also underscore that, across low  and middle income countries, rural areas show lower accessibility to safe water for personal hygiene and healthcare facilities than urban areas. Only 31% of the rural population in Nigeria has access to a basic handwashing facility with soap and water, compared to 53% of the population in urban areas.
[ 31/08/2020, Borno ]  Witnesses told me most were abducted by the insurgents or went missing as they fled the attack on the town of Kukawa in Borno state. Thousands of people have disappeared from northeastern villages and towns in the 11 year conflict between the insurgent group Boko Haram and Nigerian security forces. Boko Haram is responsible for the abduction of hundreds, including the Chibok schoolgirls in 2014, many of whom remain unaccounted for.
[ 22th Jan 2021, Nigeria ]  On Friday, 2,314 new cases of the pandemic were recorded and  [ 23th Jan 2021, Nigeria ]  on Saturday, 1,633 new cases were reported, hence bringing the tally of confirmed cases in the country to 120,602 as of 11:55 p.m. on January 23.
[ 1st July 2020, BAY states ]  Over 60% of internally displaced persons  ( IDPs )  across the three most conflict affected states of Borno, Adamawa, and Yobe  ( BAY states )  reside within host communities.1 Heavy migration of IDPs to these areas stretches already limited services and livelihoods, and makes it more difficult for humanitarian actors to identify and reach those in need. In densely populated host communities with limited health and hygiene infrastructure, the outbreak and spread of disease is a grave concern. The official entry of COVID 19 into the BAY states in April amplifies this threat, 3 making a detailed understanding of these communities needs and demographics vital to enacting effective prevention and response measures, both for displaced populations and non displaced, crisis affected residents
[ 1st Jul 2020, Monguno LGA, Borno states ]  KIs from all 7 assessed settlements reported that at least some residents were implementing at least one COVID 19 preventative measure.
[ 1st June July 2020,Borno state ]  Returnees/travelers were also mentioned by the majority of KIs as a means of information in general  ( 22 )  but only by a few KIs as the means for receiving COVID 19 specific information  ( 3 ) . A few  ( 7 )  KIs mentioned cellphones as the means of information in general but no KIs mentioned cellphone as the means of getting COVID 19 specific information.
[ 13thJuly 2020,Nigeria ] Furthermore, the impact of COVID 19 means that more learners are online, which leaves them vulnerable to risky online behavior, cyber bullying, sexual exploitation, and other cyber threats. It is recommended that, for children, continuous child friendly messaging using infographics, cartoons, animations, and so on that show how to protect themselves should also be available in their learning packages.
[ 1st June July 2020,Borno state ]  Findings indicated that when people did receive COVID 19 specific information, many of them adapted their behaviour to some extent, trying to protect themselves from getting infected.
[ 1st June July 2020,Borno state ]  Preaching's and gatherings were also mentioned as a means to communicate information by traditional and/or religious leaders and elders. Traditional and/or religious leaders and elders were also mentioned as a source of information and were reported to spread information discretely via in person communication.
[ 1st June July 2020,Borno state ]  As also illustrated in previous REACH findings4 , around half  ( 16 )  of the KIs mentioned limited cellphone networks and access to cellphones as a barrier to access information. The barriers described to accessing information could suggest an information gap as people might not be able to access the information they need.
[ 1st Jul 2020, Monguno LGA, Borno states ]  KIs from 6 settlements reported that misinformation  ( at least one rumor )  on COVID 19 was prevalent amongst residents. According to these KIs, COVID 19 cannot infect Africans  ( 6 ) , COVID 19 is not real  ( 6 ) , and COVID 19 death sentence  ( 5 )  are most common
[ 1st June July 2020,Borno state ]  Compared to reported trust in general information, KIs  ( 9 )  more commonly mentioned distrust of COVID 19 specific information. Nevertheless, the majority of KIs  ( 16 )  across all LGAs still mentioned that people in the settlement generally trusted information they received about COVID 19.
[ 1st June July 2020,Borno state ]  Of the information received about COVID 19, the majority of KIs mentioned people in the settlements knew about the consequences of the virus  ( primarily death ) . However, with a reported need for information about prevention and treatment, these findings might highlight an information gap, indicating that COVID 19 specific information does not consistently reach H2R areas.
[ 1st June July 2020,Borno state ]  A commonly reported reason for not trusting COVID 19 information was a lack of visual confirmation of the disease  ( as illustrated in the quote above ) . Among the reasons given for trusting the information provided was that the information was repeated several times and that information from the radio was commonly perceived as trustworthy.
[ 1st June July 2020,Borno state ]  As the following two quotes illustrate the rationales for not adopting any preventative measures were a lack of resources to do so, beliefs that COVID 19 would not reach the settlement, and ideas that the trajectory of the virus was subjected to divinity, implying that preventative measures taken in the settlements would not have any effect on the virus anyways.
[ 1st June July 2020,Borno state ]  Besides a reported need for more COVID 19 specific information, most KIs mentioned a general need for more information, especially about how to safely leave the H2R settlements and how to access food and other basic services.
[ 1st June July 2020,Borno state ]  Some KIs  ( 5 ) , most of whom reported on H2R settlements in Gwoza, mentioned that people in H2R settlements had received information about both risks and benefits of leaving the settlement. This contrast could indicate a difference in the information received within the settlements but could also illustrate the uncertainty and shifting context in H2R settlements in Gwoza impacting the information shared about leaving the settlements.
[ 27thOct2020, Nigeria ] Storage facilities holding tons of relief materials have been burglarized and looted in nine states across Nigeria over the last few days.
[ 1st June July 2020,Borno state ]  As illustrated in the second quote below, some people in the H2R settlements were afraid to get sick in the settlement and wanted to leave to a place where they would have access to health facilities in case of a COVID 19 infection.
[ 1st June July 2020,Borno state ]  A total of seven KIs mentioned that people prayed to avoid getting infected. In addition, one KI from Damboa described how people, in addition to prayers, were participating in rituals, such as sacrificing, believed to promote protection.
[ 1st Jul 2020, Maiduguri LGA, Borno state ] KIs from 9 settlements reported that certain items have become unavailable or more difficult to find at the nearest market place in the 30 days prior to data collection.
[ 1st Jul 2020, Maiduguri LGA, Borno state ] KIs from 12 settlements reported that approximately half or more residents did not have enough food to meet the needs of their household in the 30 days prior to data collection.
[ 18th Nov 2020, Nigeria ]  Of the over 65,000 total, about 61,337 persons have been discharged from hospitals, after treatment, while nearly 3, 000 active cases remain in the country.
[ 1st Jul 2020, Jere LGA, Borno state ]  KIs from 17 assessed settlements reported that no handwashing facilities were publicly available to residents at the time of data collection. In all of the remaining 6 settlements where KIs reported publicly available handwashing stations, soap and water were reportedly available.
[ 23rd Oct 2020, Nigeria ]  To Influence behavioural change, WHO developed and disseminated 1000 Metallic Handwashing Notices to agencies and ministries, departments and agencies. The notices contain the steps for proper handwashing and emphatic orientation that proper hand hygiene prevents coronavirus, Lassa fever, Cholera and several diseases and between March to October, over 50,250 persons have been influenced in both government and humanitarian space with the intervention.
[ 1st Jul 2020, Jere LGA, Borno state ]  KIs from 19 settlements reported that schools attended by children had been closed due to COVID 19 in the 30 days prior to data collection.
[ 23rd Oct 2020, Nigeria ]  WHO also pioneered the development of a community action plan using community chiefs and Elders in Owo LGA covering hygiene and sanitation promotion of which about 550,000 people were reached with hand hygiene messages for preventing Lassa fever infections.
[ November 1 7, Nigeria ]  Last week's two per cent increase in new cases occurred amid over 100 per cent increase in the number of tests carried out.A total of 56,089 samples were collected for testing last week as against the 21,899 tested the previous week.
[ 20thOct,2020, BAY states ]  The impact of the pandemic and of restrictions enforced to curtail the spread of the virus in the BAY states, especially in overcrowded areas such as congested IDP camps and host communities, are exacerbating vulnerabilities. Aid actors have raised concerns over rising food insecurity, malnutrition and protection risks. They are scaling up assistance and adequate resources will be essential in coming months to cushion the impact of the pandemic on the 10.6 million people in need of humanitarian assistance.
[ 1st July 2020, Brono state ] KIs from 3 assessed settlements reported that at least some residents are struggling to implement physical distancing to prevent the spread of COVID 19.KIs in 2 settlements reported that residents were continuing to attend religous gatherings, that residents did not percieve physical distancing as important, and that residents were continuing to greet one another with close physical contact. KIs in 1 settlement reported that people continued to access public spaces.
[ 1st June July 2020,Borno state ]  The majority of KIs  ( 18 )  described that people in the H2R settlements had received information about the consequences of COVID 19 and 17 KIs reported that people were commonly aware that death was a potential consequence  ( see quote above ) . Information about COVID 19 related consequences were mostly described by KIs from Gwoza and Bama  ( 14 ) .
[ 27thOct2020, Nigeria ] A private sector coalition against the coronavirus, known as CA COVID, had collected tens of millions of dollars' worth of aid for coronavirus victims and given it to the government. But many state authorities have halted distribution of the aid since the easing of lockdowns. Some Nigerians accuse authorities of hoarding items while millions of people experience hunger.
[ 7th Nov 2020 ,Nigeria ] As of the time of reporting, Nigeria has recorded 63,790 confirmed COVID 19 cases. Of this figure, 59,884 have been discharged and 1,154 deaths have been recorded in the 36 states and the Federal Capital Territory.
[ 1st Nov 2020, Nigeria ] On Sunday, 111 new cases of COVID 19 were reported in the country. As of 11:55 p.m. on November 1, a total of 62,964 cases had been reported, out of which 58,790 had recovered and 1146 deaths recorded.
[ 2nd Nov 2020, Nigeria ] On Monday, 72 new cases of the pandemic were reported in the country.
[ 15th Apr 2021, Nigeria ]  The galloping nature of Nigeria's inflation is an indication of the dwindling purchasing power of Nigerians. This implies that Nigerians spent more on purchasing goods and services in the month of March, compared to February. The last time Nigeria recorded an inflation rate higher than 18.17%, was in January 2017 when headline inflation stood at 18.72%.
[ 1st June July 2020,Borno state ]  All KIs  ( 30 )  across all LGAs mentioned that people in the H2R settlements received some kind of information. Overall, the KIs mentioned 10 different kinds of information, which primarily included information related to conditions outside the settlements, serving as possible pull or push factors for leaving the settlements. In this regard, the majority of the KIs  ( mentioned by 21 KIs )  reported that people in H2R settlements had received information about services provided in camps and garrison towns.
[ 1st June July 2020,Borno state ]  Almost half  ( 12 )  of the KIs across all LGAs mentioned that different population groups had different level of access to information. As illustrated in the quote below, this primarily included women not having the same access to information as men, and some KIs reported that women commonly depended on men to forward information to them. Having less access to information could potentially predict groups at higher risk of COVID 19, as it potentially would decrease their knowledge about preventative measures
[ 1st June July 2020,Borno state ]  TRUST IN INFORMATION: In general, most  ( 23 )  of the KIs reported that some of the people in the H2R settlement trusted the information they received. Among the most trusted sources of information mentioned were the radio, returnees/ traders and elders/village heads and religious leaders. Of concern, two KIs from Gwoza mentioned that no news was trusted. Findings suggest that, since the sources that are reportedly commonly trusted by people in the settlements are also among the most commonly mentioned sources of information, people might seek the sources of information they trust, or trust those specific sources because they are the most commonly available sources.
[ 1st June July 2020,Borno state ]  Another barrier mentioned to accessing information, primarily reported by KIs from Bama and Gwoza, included lack of access to radios or batteries  ( 12 ) . In settlements where there was access to radios, it would often only be a few individuals owning a radio. One KI from Gwoza described how, due to the restrictions on sharing information, people in the settlement shared information through letters and small notes, initially shared by one of the radio owners and discretely passed onto other community members
[ 1st June July 2020,Borno state ]  COVID 19 information was reported by half of the KIs  ( 15 )  not to have had an impact on whether people wanted to leave or stay in the H2R settlements. Some KIs described that some people wanted to leave the H2R settlements whether they had received COVID 19 specific information or not, and that the information did not impact this desire  ( see quote below for example of this ) . In contrast, some KIs from Gwoza and Bama  ( 5 )  described that some people's desire to leave the H2R settlement had increased after receiving information about COVID 19.
[ 1st June July 2020,Borno state ]  Since sharing information in the settlement was reported to be prohibited by several KIs  ( 15 ) , people in the H2R settlements were described to be listening to the radio in secret. As illustrated in the quote below, listening to and sharing information was in some cases reportedly punished by death. Not being allowed to share information was only mentioned by KIs from Bama, Gwoza and Abadam which could potentially indicate more difficulties in accessing information in these LGAs compared to Damboa.
[ 1st June July 2020,Borno state ]  Radio was a commonly reported source of information that also seemed to be generally trusted by people in H2R settlements. However, several KIs reported that radios were prohibited in their settlements, raising concerns about adequate access to information for people in those settlements. Although radios were reported to be generally trusted, a considerable number of KIs reported that people did not trust COVID 19 specific information they received, regardless of whether the information was received via the radio or through other sources of information.
[ 1st June July 2020,Borno state ]  Interestingly, two KIs from Damboa also mentioned that COVID 19 specific information had made people want to stay in the settlement due to fear of getting infected if they left the settlement. The contradicting effects on people's desire to leave the settlement could illustrate both the complexity of how individuals make decisions but could also suggest a better access to health facilities in areas such as Damboa, decreasing people's need to seek health care elsewhere.
[ 1st June July 2020,Borno state ]  In addition, one KI from Gwoza expressed a concern for the H2R areas, and described that people would like to know if there was a plan for how to help people living in H2R settlements. Another KI from Damboa mentioned a need to receive information in Kanuri  ( local language )  to ensure everybody would understand the information. Some KIs  ( 5 )  also mentioned that people in the settlement did not need any further information.