nlp-thedeep/humsetbias huggingface dataset:
In the case of sexual and gender based violence  ( SGBV )  , some of the risks presented by COVID 19 and related control measures include : Increased risk of sexual exploitation of children, including sex for assistance, commercial sexual exploitation of children and child marriage, pressure on or lack of access to child protection/GBV services, unwanted and early pregnancies
In the case of use of mental health and psychosocial distress, some of the causes of the risks include : Increased levels of stress due to isolation in treatment units or home based quarantine can leave children feeling anxious and lonely; community level quarantine can create fear and panic in the community, increased exposure to social media with a variety and contradictory messages that can increase their psychosocial distress
In the case of mental health and psychosocial distress, some of the risks presented by COVID 19 and related control measures include : Children living in crisis affected areas with limited or no access to PSS through child friendly spaces and other safe spaces due to social distancing measures, distress of children due to the death, illness or separation of a loved one or the fear of disease, pressure on or lack of access to MHPSS services, worsening pre existing mental health conditions
In the case of use of violence against children and abuse  ( by caregivers ) , some of the causes of the risks include :School closure, continued work requirements for caregivers, illness, quarantine/isolation of caregivers, isolation or quarantining of children without social and/or cognitive stimulation, increased psychosocial distress  ( due to stressful environment, fear of the disease, economic impact, etc. )  among caregivers, community members and staff working in institutions, increased obstacles to reporting incidents
In the case of use of separation of children from caregivers, some of the causes of the risks include : Becoming unaccompanied, child head of household, including children living in the street, loss of parent/caregiver due to disease, isolation of caregiver or child, children sent away by parents to stay with other family or other persons in nonaffected areas, community level quarantine imposed while family members are apart
In the case of violence against children and abuse  ( by caregivers ) , some of the risks presented by COVID 19 and related control measures include : Reduced supervision and neglect of children, increase in child abuse and domestic/interpersonal violence, increased exposure to online violence, specifically for children and adolescents living in urban areas
In the case of separation of children from caregivers, some of the risks presented by COVID 19 and related control measures include : Separation  ( separated children ) , becoming unaccompanied, child head of household, including children living in the street, becoming orphan, being placed in institutions or other form of alternative care, exposure risks in institutions
Child Protection PEOPLE IN NEED 1.0M / WOMEN 51% / CHILDREN 100% / PERSONS WITH DISABILITY 15 %
Critical problems related to physical and mental wellbeing : PIN 3.9M / WOMEN 52% / CHILDREN 51% / WITH DISABILITY 15 %
[ GBV risks identified by other sectors ]  insufficient training in GBV for security forces  ( gendarmerie and military police ) . GBV against women and adolescent girls is reportedly committed by Government soldiers and members of non state armed groups.
[ GBV risks identified by other sectors ]  Location of water points and latrines involve GBV risks if they are located far away from the affected populations' accommodation. Also, the lack of latrine doors also increase the risk of GBV.
[ GBV risks identified by other sectors ]  Non respect of age and gender when building shelters: promiscuity  ( latrine, bedroom, NFI ) .
[ GBV risks identified by other sectors ]  The preference of humanitarian actors to support women can lead to domestic violence. Women who received livelihood support have reportedly been denied of their resources by their husbands.
[ GBV risks identified by other sectors ]  Discrimination in the distribution of agro pastoral inputs and in the exploitation of agricultural land and resources has been observed.
[ GBV risks identified by other sectors ]  Drop out of school for early and forced marriage, for petty commerce, non schooling policy by the NSAGs has resulted in displacement of households to locations where access to school for children exist. This resulted in overcrowding of classrooms putting more strain on education
[ GBV risks identified by other sectors ]  The lack of involvement of men in the awareness raising on family planning, the lack of female gynecologists/midwives which would be preferred by women, the lack of training of health personnel in GBV, the breaking/expiry of PEP kits in some health facilities are just some of the challenges
In these conditions  [ existing threats  ( ISWAP )  to regional stability  ( Far North )  ] , humanitarian assistance will increasingly face two types of constraints linked to the perception of its lack of neutrality: security risks on the one hand in areas increasingly infiltrated by armed groups, and administrative coercive measures on the other hand.
Gender inequalities are an important factor influencing adaptation strategies and affecting the recovery capacities of women and girls: The use, possession and control by women of social or economic household resources is weak. Thus, only 3% of women in the country own a house without a land title and 1.6% own a land title in their name.
Critical problems related to resilience and recovery : PEOPLE IN NEED 3.4M / WOMEN 51% / CHILDREN 49% / PERSON WITH DISABILITY 15 %
Critical problems related to living standards : PEOPLE IN NEED 3.8M / WOMEN 52% / CHILDREN 56% / WITH DISABILITY 15 %
Chronic vulnerabilities, diminished coping capacities and a lack of access to basic services have left an estimated 3.9 million people in need of humanitarian assistance in Cameroon in 2020. More specifically, 3.9 million people are affected by problems related to physical and mental wellbeing, 3.8 million people are affected by problems related to living standards, and 3.4 million people by problems related to resilience.
During the joint analysis carried out in the regions and at capital level, IDPs, host communities, returnees and refugees were identified as the most affected population groups.
The affected population  [ Displaced peoples ]  is regularly subjected to armed attacks, kidnappings, including kidnapping of children, looting and destruction of property and infrastructure.
Ongoing hostilities have displaced 490,000 people  ( 109,000 refugees, 271,000 IDPs and 110,000 returnees  ( 50.2% women; 49.8% men; 62% children )  and continue to steadily push more people to flee their villages. The number of IDPs increased from 228,000 in October 2018 to 271,000 in August 2019.
Almost 680,000 Cameroonians are now internally displaced. An additional 52,000 people have sought refuge in neighboring Nigeria.
Despite the signature of a tripartite agreement between the Central African Republic  ( CAR ) , Cameroon and UNHCR, prospects for large  scale return are not immediate.
Access to livelihoods, food, WASH services and education remains limited  [ for displaced peoples and host communities ] .
490,000 persons are displaced and face significant protection risks. Local communities, whose pre existing vulnerabilities have been exacerbated by these arrivals, the escalating violence and the disruption of livelihoods and basic social services, are also in need of support.
Seul moyen pour nos équipes de rejoindre les zones sinistrées et d'acheminer l'aide prévue : utiliser des pirogues à pagaies ou à moteur.  [ Solidarité International délivre de l'aide dans le département de Logone et Chari ]
Avec l'émergence de la crise, ces acteurs ont entamé la mise en œuvre de projets en protection de l'enfant en situation d'urgence. Ainsi la plupart des acteurs aujourd'hui opérationnels sont établis
Dans une situation de crise où la violence est très volatile et les déplacements forcés fréquents, les enfants sont les premières victimes. Une détresse psychosociale importante, des violences basées sur le genre, les séparations familiales restent les problématiques majeures constatées.
Malgré que les autorités aient dégagé des ressources et évoqué un appui pour encourager un retour vers les lieux d'origine et la réintégration, l'environnement de protection reste volatile et n'est actuellement pas propice
En plus de pousser les familles à adopter des mécanismes de compensation négatifs, cette vulnérabilité  [ manque d'assistance alimentaire ]  chronique diminue leur capacité à accéder à un habitat décent et à acheter des biens alimentaires et des articles ménagers essentiels à leur survie
Parmi les réalisations du GT Cash, l'élaboration du Panier des Dépenses Minimum  ( MEB ) 4 pour l'Extrême Nord fin 2017 a été un succès et est désormais utilisé comme référence pour définir le montant des transferts monétaires dans la région.
Octobre 2018 Plus de 437 000 personnes sont déplacées par la crise au Nord Ouest et au Sud Ouest  ( inclus Littoral et Ouest )  et 32 600 Camerounais ont fui au Nigeria.
Juillet 2018 Déclaration de l'épidémie de choléra dans la région du Centre suivie par le Nord, le Littoral et l'Extrême Nord. Plus de 990 cas recensés dont 58 décès enregistrés au 21 décembre 2018.
Mars 2018 Mission d'évaluation multisectorielle au Sud  Ouest. La Protection, la Santé et l'accès aux abris et NFI identifiés comme priorités clés avec plus de 160 000 PDI estimés.
Ceci représente une augmentation de 31 % par rapport à 2018, due aux conséquences humanitaires croissantes de la crise dans les régions du Sud Ouest et du Nord  Ouest de l'insécurité dans l'Extrême Nord ; et de l'impact de ces crises sur les populations hôtes déjà fragilisées par les aléas climatiques, les épidémies et la précarité des services sociaux de base.
La communauté humanitaire estime que 4,3 millions de personnes ont besoin d'aide humanitaire  ( une personne sur 4 est un enfant )
Depuis janvier 2019, le projet  [ Cash Based Intervention ]  s'étend désormais à 3 100 ménages sur 7 localités des départements du Lom et Djerem et de la Kadey  ( Guiwa 480, Mandjou 700, Gbiti 500, Kentzou 500, Lolo 160, Mbile 170, Timangolo 90 et Ketté 500 )  avec pour partenaire de mise en œuvre Lutherian World Federation  ( LWF ) .
Le CBI  [ Cash Based Intervention ]  fait partie des programmes mis en œuvre par le HCR afin de garantir la protection et l'assistance aux réfugiés au Cameroun
The current environment, where more than 480,000 persons are displaced in the North West and South West has had damaging consequences in family structure, that directly cause gender based violence
Si jusqu'alors les agressions étaient lancées depuis le territoire nigérian, la majorité des attaques portées contre les populations civiles en septembre, octobre et novembre prennent racine sur le territoire même du Cameroun. Elles affectent de ce fait des localités jusqu'alors épargnées car plus distantes de la frontière nigériane.
Plus de 40 000 personnes directement affectées par les inondations à l'Extrême Nord. Plus de 20 000 ont été touchées dans le département du Logone et  Chari uniquement.
On 17th March, the government announced the closure of Cameroonian borders, closure of schools and introduction of social distancing measures. Other measures since introduced include the compulsory use of facemasks in public.
The number of confirmed cases rose rapidly over the next month  [ first case on 6th of March ]  ; by the 6th April there were 658 confirmed cases
Overview 1.8 million people across the country need support in terms of early recovery, including in particular internally displaced populations, Nigerian and Central African refugees and their host communities and returnees. Needs have increased in 2019 as the upsurge in violence and the consecutive increase in displacement have resulted in considerable loss of sustainable livelihoods for populations who were previously in a process of building their resilience.
Early Recovery : PEOPLE IN NEED 1.8M / WOMEN 51% / CHILDREN 50% / PERSONS WITH DISABILITY 15 %
Shelter & NFI : PEOPLE IN NEED 792k / WOMEN 51% / CHILDREN 51% / PERSONS WITH DISABILITY 15 %
Water, Sanitation and Hygiene : PEOPLE IN NEED 1.9M / WOMEN 51% / CHILDREN 51% / PERSONS WITH DISABILITY 15 %
Nutrition PEOPLE IN NEED 532k / WOMEN 55% / CHILDREN 94% / PERSONS WITH DISABILITY 15 %
Food Security PEOPLE IN NEED 2.6M / WOMAN 51% / CHILDREN 47% / PERSONS WITH DISABILITY 15 %
The most pressing needs for school age children affected by the crises include: Access to the Protective Learning Environment, / Quality and relevant education services provided by teachers and education personnel with the knowledge and skills to deal with large class sizes and children in distress / Teaching and learning materials.
Education : PEOPLE IN NEED 1.8M / WOMEN 41 % / CHILDREN 100% / PERSONS WITH DISABILITY 15 %
Women and children are at particular risk of facing incidents of sexual and gender based violence as well as abuse, neglect and exploitation. These populations are in need of life saving GBV services to deal with the consequences of GBV and recover; capacity building to ensure self protection through community based protection mechanisms.
The rainy season has started in the NWSW regions and soon some roads to remote/hard to reach areas will become impassable. Therefore, partners are being advised to pre positions essential WASH supplies before roads conditions worsen.
In Bui Division 575 individuals received NFIs while 254 were assisted with emergency shelter.
During a rapid assessment 62% of the respondents stated that they are seeing an increasing trend in GBV incidents and recognized high risks of domestic violence, denial of resources, unwanted pregnancies, child sexual abuse and sex for survival in the current COVID 19 context in the NWSW regions.
Compared to last month  [ May}, an almost 40% increase in the number of children and caregivers provided with psychosocial support services in Child Friendly and other Safe Spaces as well as remotely was recorded. CP Area of Responsibility  ( AoR )  members reported reaching more than 7,700 children and caregivers with psychosocial support during the reporting period, despite the lockdown imposed by the NSAGs this month.
Out of the 386  [ protection ]  incidents recorded, a majority were female victims,  ( 308 i.e 79.8% )  while 20.2% were male victims. Most  ( 82.9% )  of the victims were IDPs, 9.6% returnees and 7.5% represented the host community. 33%  ( 127 )  of the victims were vulnerable, among them 21 children. Men are not willing to share information for fear of being targeted. Most of them have ran away from their communities to stay in safe locations. Most of the violations occurred at the residence of the victims.
The last half of June was marked by an increase in security concerns with lockdowns, roadblocks and fierce confrontations between NSAGs and State forces leading to serious protection incidents in some localities in both regions. Parts of Meme, Mezam, Momo and Boyo divisions experienced an increase in conflict and protection incidents.
The June  [ food security ]  figure is an estimated 14% increase in total achievement as compared to the previous month  ( May )  mainly due to slightly improved humanitarian access to some hard to reach areas.
567 Gender Based Violence  ( GBV )  incidents were reported, with survivors receiving assistance, in August 2020 in the two regions
[ North West and South West Crisis ]  The early recovery needs of people affected by the crisis are threefold: access to temporary employment opportunities for youth and women, access to vocational training for youth, and access to a minimum of basic services. The destruction of health centres and other public infrastructure has increased the vulnerability of the target population. Governance issues and more specifically the rule of law remain a major concern. The justice system is weak, inter alia, due to difficulties in accessing justice services.
[ Far North Crisis ]  Population movement has resulted in an increased demand on basic social services and sustainable livelihoods. Returning populations require economic assistance to facilitate their reintegration. More than 800 former members of Boko Haram recently interviewed express a considerable need for psychosocial care, socio professional capacity building and support for economic recovery. Affected households as well as people displaced by the Boko Haram attacks are also in need of assistance in restoring their purchasing power to opt for goods and services.
[ Far North Crisis ]  In the Far North, insecurity, the effects of climate change, a lack of plant cover, rains with strong winds all negatively affect the health and dignity of the population. Internally displaced people, returnees, out of camp refugees and host populations who are vulnerable due to insufficient resources, food and livelihoods, are priority groups in need of basic shelter and household items.
The youth is particularly affected by the lack of perspective which in turn generates resentment towards traditional authorities and institutions.
The ratio of health workers to the total population is almost double in Far North and North  ( 1,170 and 1,798 respectively )  compared to the national level of 579.Rates of unemployment are equally alarming.
In the East, North, and Adamawa regions, needs are largely related to the level of economic vulnerability. The majority of the displaced have arrived in their current areas of livelihood without any means of subsistence, and it is with humanitarian aid that they have been able to obtain shelter and household items to cope with an austere life. In a context where refugees cannot easily find employment, given the localities in which they live and which lack daily economic activities, they rely heavily on humanitarian aid for their basic needs.
[ North West and South West Crisis ]  Most of the displaced population currently live in rural areas with critical needs in terms of shelter and non food items. While the internally displaced are the most exposed to environmental and man made risks, special attention must also be paid to the vulnerable host families coping with high pressure on already limited resources they share. IDPs living with host families who can no longer sustain them are forced to move again and settle in rural areas. Most people have not only lost their homes but also their main sources of income, severely limiting housing options. Moreover, rental contracts are usually not official placing displaced people at high risk of eviction.
Minimum standards for water supply, basic sanitation and waste management are not met in 2/3 of the existing refugee sites. Another category of people in need of humanitarian assistance are individuals living in communities hosting Central African refugees and without any infrastructure for supplying drinking water, which pushes communities to drink water from surface and from unimproved sources. This situation of insufficient or absent water points within and outside refugee sites mainly affects women, girls and boys who are responsible for collecting water in households and increases the risk of the cholera epidemic.
[ North West and South West Crisis ]  The ongoing conflict in the North West and South West regions has led to a deterioration in access to water supply, hygiene and sanitation services, including in certain localities in neighboring regions  ( case of certain localities of the Noun in the West region and Mayo Banyo in the Adamawa region ) .
[ Far North Crisis ]  In the Far North region, the situation remains worrying for Nigerian refugees, IDPs, returnees and host populations regardless of the living environment  ( site, camp, host villages ) . All the main existing IDP sites  ( Kolofata, Meme, Zamai )  as well as the Minawao refugee camp have sub standard water supply and/or basic sanitation.
Access to drinking water, hygiene and adequate sanitation are not guaranteed in schools in the region  [ Far North ] . As an example, in Logone et Chari, more than half of public primary schools do not have access to a drinking water point while the need for school latrines is real.  ( End of school year report 2018/2019, Divisional Delegation of Basic Education of the Logone and Chari ) .
[ Far North ]  Water collection remains between 80% and 100% a distributed task, mainly carried out by women under the age of 59 and children  ( girls and boys under the age of 18 )   ( MSNA 2018 ) . This can have a negative effect on the productivity of women and the education of children.
In the regions affected by the Central African refugee crisis  ( East, Adamawa and North ) , more than 113,000 people, mainly girls and boys under the age of 5 and pregnant or lactating women, will be vulnerable in terms of nutrition status. It is estimated that 93,000 children will need treatment for acute malnutrition amongst whom 30,000 boys and girls will suffer from severe acute malnutrition.
[ North West & South West ]  Reduced food production, reduced prices in rural areas, increased prices in urban areas and decline in food consumption as a coping strategy adopted in most households have led to a substantial deterioration of food insecurity and household livelihoods in 2019. This has exposed IDPs and poor host populations in urban areas to poor living conditions and acute food insecurity Crisis  ( IPC 3 ) . Multi Sectoral Needs Assessment  ( MSNA )  findings indicate a worrying WASH situation with over 55% not having enough water for their needs and more than 40% of the assessed communities practice open defecation
For the North West and South West regions nutrition indicators have been integrated into the emergency food security assessment  ( EFSA )  conducted in October 2019 and revealed proxy Global Acute Malnutrition  ( GAM )  rates of 5.1% and 7.4% for the North West and the South West regions, respectively. Prior to the crisis, the two regions were already facing high levels of stunting and poor infant and young children feeding indicators. The proportion of children who meet their minimum acceptable diet remains extremely low at less than 30%
[ North West and South West Crisis ]  In the North West and South West regions 90,000 people, mainly girls and boys under the age of 5 and pregnant or lactating women, will be vulnerable in terms of nutrition status. It is estimated that up to 40,000 boys and girls will be in need of treatment for acute malnutrition in 2020: 10,000 children who are suffering from severe acute malnutrition and some 30,000 children with moderate acute malnutrition.
[ Far North ]  Internally displaced populations and host populations are the most exposed to the lack of access to drinking water, poor access to health care, hygiene problems, epidemics, and the consequences of poor harvests which can lead to rapid deterioration of their nutritional status. 56% of IDPs in the Far North have access to less than 15l / person / day.
[ Far North ]  Apart from Mayo Danay, where the food and nutritional situation of the population is good, all other divisions are assessed under pressure.
[ Far North Crisis ]  The results of the latest SMART nutrition survey conducted in November 2019 by UNICEF and the Government of Cameroon showed a GAM rate of 5.2% with 1.4% of SAM. The Far North For has the highest prevalence chronic malnutrition with 38.2%.
[ Far North Crisis ]  In 2020, an estimated 107,000 people will suffer from global acute malnutrition  ( GAM ) , including 17,000 pregnant and lactating women and 90,000 girls and boys under the age of five. One in two children under five, 41,000 girls and boys, living in the Far North will suffer from sever acute malnutrition.
[ Far North ] The indicators related to infant and young child feeding practices are among the poorest in the country, with an exclusive breastfeeding rate of 30.8%, a timely introduction rate for complementary foods of 33.3% and a low dietary diversity  ( dietary diversity score of 19.7% and minimum acceptable dietary intake of 32% ) . Indicators related to the early initiation of breastfeeding and diet diversity follow the same trends and highlight needs to reinforce knowledge and practices around young child feeding.
[ North West and South West Crisis ]  MSNA data of August 2019 estimates at 255 out of 723 the number of non functional health units in the two regions. Attacks targeting health personnel has further reduced the availability of human resources
[ Far North Crisis ]  The organization of communities  ( men have a dominant role in families and minor children have difficulty reaching health facilities )  makes women and children under 14 more vulnerable with regards to access to health care, making specific means  ( mobile clinics, preferential rates, etc. )  necessary.
[ Far North Crisis ]  Four main needs identified: preparation and response to epidemics, mental health support, safe delivery for vulnerable women of reproductive age and assuring equitable access to essential quality health care which takes into account the specificities of the different sexes and age groups.
[ Far North Crisis ]  The end of 2019 was marked by an increasing trend of attacks by the Boko Haram armed group along the border between Cameroon and Nigeria in the Far North. These attacks, which target both the populations and their livelihoods, have a significant impact on the vulnerability of the population, notably on their physical and mental well being and on their living conditions.
In the Far North, North West and South West regions, insecurity has reduced access to basic health services for almost 2.5 million people, 1.3 million of whom are women and 415,075 children under the age of 5. Nearly 300 health facilities, mainly in the North West and South West, are no longer functional  ( destroyed by conflict or abandoned by health personnel )  while population movements, epidemics and the massive influx of wounded people following the different armed conflicts increase the complexity of providing quality health care.
Measles epidemics have also been declared in the Far North and North regions with a high risk of cross border contamination.
[ Central African Refugee Crisis ] The results of the JAM conducted by UNHCR, WFP and its cooperating partners from November 2018 to May 2019 revealed that 81% of the refugees are highly vulnerable. Economic vulnerability is at the root of the overall vulnerability of refugees. New refugees in the camps  ( 84% )  are worse off, followed by new refugees outside the camps  ( 81% )  and refugees which arrived years ago  ( 74% ) . In addition, 60% of the refugees require immediate food aid, and 39% of them are eligible for the livelihood programme.
[ North West & South West ]  Due to the difficult food security situation, the population has turned to adopting emergency strategies to survive, with about 40% of the IDPs in the North West and nearly a quarter of the IDPs in the South West engaging in such activities as selling land, livestock and houses.
[ North West & South West ]  The host community is also increasingly dependent on humanitarian assistance. Markets are limited and informal in most rural areas, leaving in kind assistance as the predominant response option in these areas, but cash and vouchers are implemented on a small scale
[ North West & South West ]  Illegal taxes and unemployment caused by the dysfunction of enterprises and cooperatives will continue to negatively affect people's livelihoods
[ North West and South West Crisis ]  All this  [ Insecurity, restriction of movement, humanitarian access that impacts access to the fields, production and supply of food ] , combined with the frequent and massive displacement of populations in the affected areas, leads to the abandonment of assets and huge losses of assets  ( productive and non productive )  and livelihoods   fields and cultivated agricultural areas, animals, pastures, housing, granaries, cereal stocks, etc.
[ North West and South West Crisis ]  In addition  [ to insecurity and movement restrictions that impact food production and supply ] , humanitarian actors' access to such common areas has been affected, which also limits the possibility of implementing productive asset creation projects.
[ North West and South West Crisis ]  Because of insecurity or movement restrictions, farmers in several communities have had difficulty since the beginning of the crisis in accessing their fields to cultivate. Transhumance and associated movements have been disrupted, as are the production and supply circuits and the functioning of markets. The crisis has led to a great drop in agricultural and animal productivity, availability and access to products and foodstuffs.
[ North West and South West Crisis ]  Continued fighting over the last three years, exacerbated by limited access to fields and livelihoods, coupled with the challenging humanitarian access to certain localities and low coverage of food assistance has led to acute food insecurity  ( crisis )  and nutritional insecurity among the displaced and vulnerable populations in urban, peri urban and bush areas in the North West and South West regions.
Acute food insecurity  ( stress )  persists in these divisions  [ Logone et Chari, Mayo Sava, Mayo Tsanaga ]
[ Central African refugee Crisis ]  Continuous arrivals of Central African refugees put considerable pressure on an already weak education system in the North, Adamawa and East regions, where 200,000 school age children need humanitarian assistance due to the crisis. About 80,000 of them are out of school and in need of access to education services.
The main needs for children of the North West and South West are linked to the risks associated with attending formal education, the unavailability of formal education offer in areas of insecurity, the general lack of protective learning environment and the low capacity of teachers and education personnel to care for children who are in distress due to the crisis.
[ North West and South West Crisis ]  The North West and South West crisis has left more than 1.2 million school age children  ( 51% girls )  in need of humanitarian assistance in the North West and South West, Adamawa  ( Mayo Banyo ) , Littoral, West, and Centre  ( Yaounde ) . Approximately 900,000 of them need urgently access to education services.
Due to the displacement of families, the host schools integrate additional displaced students, which constitute a burden for already week education services.
Crises  [ CAR, North West, South West, Far North ]  have weakened the education system in these areas where structural challenges were already inherent, particularly in the Far North and in the East and Adamawa.
Concernant les régions du Nord Ouest et du Sud Ouest, la protection est au cœur de cette crise, où au moins 437 000 personnes ont été déplacées à cause de la violence et des atteintes graves des droits fondamentaux attribués aux parties au conflit.
L'évaluation des besoins multisectoriels conduite à l'Extrême Nord en août 2018 a par ailleurs démontré la préférence croissante des ménages pour cette modalité d'assistance  [ cash ]  , avec 59% de répondants la favorisant par rapport à des distributions en nature
Septembre 2016 : Le nombre de personnes en insécurité alimentaire atteint 2,6 millions de personnes, dont 289 000 en situation d'urgence.
Janvier 2015 : Arrivées de 35 000 réfugiés nigérians à l'Extrême  Nord. Ce nombre augmente à 86 000 en décembre 2016 dont 60 000 dans le camp de Minawao, soit le triple de sa capacité.
Décembre 2014 : Les attaques transfrontalières perpétrées par des présumés membres de Boko Haram déplacent plus de 60 000 Camerounais à l'Extrême Nord
2004   2013Première vague de 100 000 centrafricains en 2004. Seconde vague de 150 000 nouveaux réfugiés en 2013, dont 35% installés, sur des sites aménagés dans l'Est et l'Adamoua.
Un accord tripartie pour le rapatriement volontaire organisé des réfugiés centrafricains est en cours de discussion entre le HCR, le gouvernement du Cameroun et le gouvernement de la République centrafricaine afin de faciliter le retour et la réintégration des réfugiés dans leur région d'origine dans la sécurité et la dignité.
L'Etat doit prendre des mesures fortes non pas dans une approche sectorielle mais dans une approche globale pour relancer l'économie nationale dans tous ses aspects productifs dont l'éducation. De manière systémique, l'Etat pourrait accompagner les établissements et institutions du privé à juguler les écarts créés par le choc, L'Etat doit renforcer le pouvoir d'achat qui permettra aux populations de payer leurs frais de scolarité et de santé, car si les populations concernées ne sont pas en bonne santé, elles ne pourront pas aller à l'école. Si elles ne peuvent pas payer l'école, elles ne pourront pas non plus aller à l'école.
[ Central African refugee Crisis ]  The main protection risks to which children are exposed are as follows  [ 4 ] : Neglect and abandonment of children by their parents and lack of appropriate care, as well as low skills for effective positive parenting. / The lack of birth certificates, which limits children's access to education and learning opportunities. In addition, children without a birth certificate have no legal identity and are more exposed to the risks mentioned above, such as child marriage and child labor.
[ Central African refugee Crisis ]  The main protection risks to which children are exposed are as follows  [ 3 ] : Child labor, which affects both boys and girls, particularly those working on mining sites to help their parents meet basic needs in a context of socio economic fragility and reduced humanitarian assistance, as well as extremely limited government subsidies to families. In communities surrounding mining sites, young girls are at high risk of sexual exploitation. In addition, this condition increases the risk of drug and alcohol use among adolescents and youth.
[ Central African refugee Crisis ]  The main protection risks to which children are exposed are as follows  [ 1 ] : Child marriage, sexual violence and exploitation are mainly linked to negative social norms and practices, as well as to the patriarchal construction of society. Thus, adolescent girls are at risk of rape, early pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases.
[ Central African refugee Crisis ]  With already high levels of poverty in the region  ( 41.7% in Adamawa and 30% in the East ) , the influx of Central African refugees has overburdened the already limited basic services to meet the needs of the original population. As a result, there are few services available for children. Thus, social services, birth registration services and specialized psychosocial support and child protection services are not able to meet all demands.
[ Central African refugee Crisis ]  As of September 2019, the number of refugees stood at 270,924  ( 141,260 women and 129,664 men ) , 55.47 per cent of whom were children  ( 74,698 girls and 75,847 boys ) . The total host population is estimated at 5,287,103 people  ( 2,676,945 women and 2,610,158 men ) , 47% of whom are children  ( 2,485,156 ) .
[ Central African refugee Crisis ]  In 2019, the northern, Adamawa and eastern regions continued to host Central African refugees, with limited resources to meet their needs and a low level of integration of these refugees into their communities.
[ North West & Souh West Crisis ]  The needs of these children  [ Displaced in the West, Littoral and Adamawa regions ]  are similar to those of children left in the North West and South West, with a particular focus on family separation, early pregnancy and child sexual exploitation, and child labor  ( MIRA, October 2019 ) .
[ North West & Souh West Crisis ]  The Child Protection Area of Responsibility also reports an increase in drug abuse and suicide among adolescents
[ North West & Souh West Crisis ]  Adolescent girls, on the other hand, are a particularly vulnerable group due to the combined effect of their age and gender discrimination, which leads to specific threats against them: they face the risks of rape and other forms of gender based violence as well as early pregnancies, very often followed by unsafe deliveries and stigmatization
[ North West & Souh West Crisis ]  The most vulnerable families adopt negative coping mechanisms such as survival sex, child marriage for girls under the legal age of marriage and sending children in search of income in exchange for work.
[ North West & Souh West Crisis ]  Reports from the field indicate that young boys, but also young girls, have joined non state armed groups, some in search of revenge or livelihoods, while others have been abducted and forcibly recruited. Child protection actors report that children leaving non state armed groups receive no support for their reintegration, are stigmatized and risk being arbitrarily killed.
[ North West & Souh West Crisis ]  Adolescents are also more likely to be victims of arbitrary arrests, forced recruitment and extrajudicial executions and are at greater risk of injury or death directly related to the conflict. As a result, some families limit their sons' movements or send them to cities to eliminate the risk of their children being killed or forcibly recruited.
In this crisis  [ North West and South West ]  , the education system, which generally provides a protective environment for children, is a direct target, exposing children to protection risks where there should not be any. Where schools are operational, the presence of defense or security forces around schools to protect learners exposes children to the risk of attacks by armed groups as well as to the trauma caused by the constant presence of these armed forces around them. The interruption of schooling creates a situation where children in rural areas no longer speak English.
[ North West & South West Crisis ]  Children have been separated, abandoned and kidnapped and educational services greatly reduced, resulting in increased risks for children.
[  Far North ]  This situation  [ girls without birth certificate, including those who lost them while on the move ]  also raises the issue of their protection in the event of abuse, violence or exploitation, where the issue of age determination is crucial for better protection and adequate psychosocial and medical services. It also exposes them to the practice of child marriage, which is a major problem in the region, aggravated by the crisis since 2013 and which is equivalent for some parents to a means of survival in a context where access to an income generating activity or to land for agricultural activities is limited.
[ Far North ]  Children without birth certificates, including those who lost them while on the move, face significant difficulties in accessing education and even when they do, they are prevented from taking the primary school exam due to this lack of documentation. Although this problem affects girls and boys in the same way, girls are more affected because of the burden or social norms that are unfavorable to girls, in addition to the absence of birth certificates as a factor contributing to girls' failure to stay in school.
[ Far North ]  Communication between adolescent girls/youth and adults is a serious and profound problem but not very noticeable due to the customs and habits of the region. The desires of adolescents and young people are not always understood by adults who impose their vision on them. Thus, adolescent girls in particular are largely excluded from family and community decision making and have little recourse to be heard. The accumulation of these frustrations can lead adolescents and young people to believe in rhetoric used by non state armed groups, which sometimes can lead to radicalization.
[ Far North ]  It should also be noted that children continue to be exposed to the risks associated with improvised explosive devices and war remnants and suffer the physical and psychological consequences.
[ Far North Crisis ]  Adolescent girls aged 10 19 report many forms of violence against them, including conflict related violence, community violence and gender based domestic violence. They face sexual harassment and violence, as well as early and forced marriage as well as kidnapping by non state armed groups.
[ Far North Crisis ]  The major problems facing children are multiple. The abduction and recruitment of children by non state armed groups continues to be a major issue, particularly for girls aged 9 to 13 and boys aged 10 to 17. In addition, children who were formerly associated with non state armed groups face real difficulties in reintegrating into their communities of origin, not yet prepared to receive persons who have had contact with non state armed groups as they suspect that they are still in contact with these groups.
[ Far North Crisis ]  The major problems facing children are multiple. Family separations due to sudden population displacements continue to occur, although to a lesser extent than at the beginning of the crisis.
[ Far North Crisis ]  As girls and boys represent about 62% of the displaced populations in the region, they are directly affected by the adverse effects of the crisis.
[ Far North Crisis ]  The major problems facing children are multiple. Due to insecurity and population movements, many children have been forced to flee, leaving their homes and villages, sometimes witnesses or victims of violence; involving high levels of stress and, thus, potentially, significant negative consequences for their cognitive and emotional development.
[ North West and South West Crisis ]  Populations have been displaced to urban/peri urban areas and rural areas difficult to access.
[ Central African refugee Crisis ]  Children are also confronted with school dropouts, family separation, and economic and sexual exploitation, with, for example, child labour in mines to help their families in a context of socio economic insecurity and reduced assistance.
[ North West & South West Crisis ]  It has been reported that people living with disabilities have been tortured or killed by parties to the conflict and that women and girls living with disabilities are repeatedly subjected to sexual violence. In addition, these people also have very limited access to services and protection due to insecurity.
[ North West & South West Crisis ]  Access to legal services is very problematic, with risks of arbitrary arrest and a lack of legal response to gender based violence.
[ North West & South West Crisis ]  Displacement caused by violence in the villages resulted in lost documentation for many people, which has an impact on their freedom of movement and exposes them to the risk of arbitrary arrest in this tense security environment.
[ North West & South West Crisis ]  GBV incidents, affecting women and girls in particular, were reported, as well as situations of arbitrary detention and risks of recruitment into armed groups, mainly affecting men and boys. Young men, women and girls flee rural areas to urban centres in search of security and employment. In this context of crisis induced socio economic fragility, the use of sex as a negative coping mechanism is reported. Women who have lost their partners face more responsibilities as heads of households, making them even more vulnerable
[ Central African refugee Crisis ]  Access to civil status documents remains a challenge, as does the need for continuous updating of registration data for a population scattered over a large area of land.
[ Central African refugee Crisis ]  In addition, child marriages, sexual exploitation, rape and physical and emotional violence are perpetrated against women, girls and adolescents, these forms of violence being rooted in cultural and social norms, gender inequality, poverty, ignorance and lack of respect for women's rights
[ Central African refugee Crisis ]  Freedom of movement is de facto restricted by the requirement to hold a permit to leave the division of residence, by harassment at checkpoints and by inadequate recognition of identity documents by the police. Socio economic integration is thus strongly impacted.
[ Central African refugee Crisis ]  About 70% of refugees are settled in host communities where social and community services are structurally weak with limited capacity.
[ Central African refugee Crisis ]  The Central African refugees are in a situation of protracted displacement, with little hope for a durable solution in the medium term, even though a voluntary repatriation operation was set up at the end of 2019.
[ North West & South West Crisis ]  The crisis has also severely affected vulnerable people; insecurity and the closure of health facilities limit access to reproductive health services and treatment for HIV and pregnancy monitoring for pregnant women.
The number of internally displaced persons in the two crisis hit regions  [ North West, South West ]  increased from 350,920 in December 2018 to 450,264 in August 2019, an increase of 28.3%. In addition to these figures, it is estimated that at least 123,309 people moved to the West region, 76,880 to the Littoral region and 5,301 to Adamawa, who, although located in stable and secure areas, face protection issues such as access to documentation, survival sex and risks of stigmatisation.
[ Far North ]  Gender based violence, such as rape, child marriage and sexual exploitation, is perpetrated overwhelmingly against women, girls and adolescents.
[ Far North ]  Children are highly affected by conflict, exposed to violence, abuse and exploitation, family separation issues and have significant psychosocial needs.
Since June 2018, the significant strengthening of ISWAP's  [ Islamic State West Africa Province ]  military capacities and the group's strategy based on indoctrination of populations and economic control of large areas in the Lake Chad region are new threats to regional stability, including in the Far North of Cameroon.
Education needs in the North West and South West regions, have decreased in comparison to 2018 due to the high migration of school age children to neighboring regions.
In the North West and South West regions, divisions such as Momo, Menchum, Boyo, Bui and Mezam, Fako saw their needs increased in terms of severity, while Donga Mantung, Lebialem, Mayo Sava divisions saw a decrease in terms of needs severity compared to the humanitarian situation in 2018.
Près de 1,5 million de personnes ont besoin d'assistance en santé dans un contexte caractérisé par une réduction significative du nombre de formations sanitaires fonctionnelles.
The lack of civil status documents negatively affects the freedom of movement and the socio economic integration of the Central African Refugees. However, Central African refugees show a certain level of resilience. An increase in school enrollment has reportedly led to a decrease in early marriages.
Critical problems of the population in the East, Adamawa and North regions related to resilience and recovery : PEOPLE IN NEED 518k / WOMEN 51% / CHILDREN 50% / PERSONS WITH DISABILITY 15 %
In the North West, almost 40% of IDP households adopt potentially irreversible emergency food based coping strategies, compromising their productivity and future ability to cope with shocks. Methods of coping include relying on less preferred, less expensive food, borrowing food, reducing portion size or number of meals and reduced adult consumption to prioritize children to eat. Girls are the most vulnerable to sexual exploitation to meet their food needs.
In the Far North, IDPs are integrating with the host community, inter alia through marriage, and by participating in local committees for the management of natural resources. Out of camp refugees are also participating in social and community development activities.
After the first phase of distribution, GHSC PSM  [ Global Health Supply Chain Program ]  developed a consumption monitoring tool. The tool was used to collect data and conduct analysis on consumption patterns to determine health areas in shortage or overstocked. After identifying health areas in need, the team packaged stock and issued to the 3PL for distribution.
GHSC PSM  [ Global Health Supply Chain Program ]  supported and participated in the LSAT and LIAT activity for the entire Far North and North regions, which aimed at providing stakeholders with a comprehensive view of all aspects of the logistics system, identifying logistics and commodity security issues and opportunities, and to raise collective awareness and ownership of system performance and goals for improvement.