nlp-thedeep/humsetbias huggingface dataset:
[ 2019, Sudan ]  National authorities and communities continue to be key actors in the design, implementation and monitoring of WASH infrastructure such as the operation and maintenance of WASH facilities, sanitary risk management  ( safe water handling, end of open defecation, handwashing, water source protection ) , etc. This includes capacity building of national partners and communities
[ 2019, Sudan ]  The overall number of people in need of WASH services in Sudan is 2.86 million – with 2.37 million people to be targeted by the sector in 2019
[ 2019, Sudan ] Sudan hosts a large number of affected persons, including those affected by conflict and natural disasters, with women and children estimated to make up 75 per cent of them.
[ 2019, Sudan ]  This increases the risk of recruitment and use of children in armed conflict as well as dangers and injuries, sexual violence, and mental and psychosocial distress to women, men, boys and girls
[ 2019, Sudan ] The nutrition sector's response strategy covers preparedness, response, coordination and cross cutting needs across various profiles and categories of affected people, as identified and formulated in the specific objectives
[ 2019, Sudan ]  The deteriorating macroeconomic situation in Sudan is worsening household food and nutrition insecurity for all Sudanese, particularly for the most vulnerable families and children.
[ 2019, Sudan ]  While the armed conflict between the Government of Sudan and armed groups has subsided in Darfur, South Kordofan and Blue Nile, conflict continues in the Jebel Marra area region, coupled with frequent inter   tribal conflict.  [ specified assessed location: Darfur region, Jebel Marra ]
[ 2019, Sudan ]  WFP data shows a large decline in the proportion of people who can afford the local basic food basket in 2018.
[ 2019, Sudan ]  There has been substantial attention to the provision of treatment services in conflict affected states over the years. However, the majority of Sudan's acutely malnourished children  ( 52 per cent )  live in nine non conflict affected states.
[ 2019, Sudan ]  There is a high concentration of protracted IDPs in Blue Nile and across Darfur states, in particular in Zalingei  ( Central Darfur ) , Ed Daein and Yassin  ( East Darfur ) , El Fasher, El Sireaf, Kabkabiya, Saraf Omra and Um Keddada  ( North Darfur ) , and lastly Bielel, Nyala, Ed El Fursan and Rahad El Berdi  ( South Darfur ) .  [ specified assessed location: Ed Daein  ( East Darfur ) , Nyala and Rahad El Berdi  ( South Darfur )   ]
[ 2019, Sudan ]  This service facilitates coordination and encourages humanitarian partners to share technical infrastructure in common operational areas, where feasible.
[ 2019, Sudan ]  The goal is to ensure that partners have access to vital telecommunications services that allow them to perform their work in challenging operational environments.
[ 2019, Sudan ]  The UN and partners' existing security telecommunications infrastructure in Sudan is part of the LET's activities and is covered by an inter agency security telecommunications service, which functions as a coordination mechanism.
[ 2019, Sudan ]  LET works closely with the Humanitarian Aid Commission  ( HAC )  which contributes to humanitarian logistics capacity through the provision of land for the warehousing of essential relief items.
[ 2019, Sudan ]  These areas include the facilitation of common logistics services, logistics related information management, mapping services, emergency telecommunications and supply corridors.
[ 2019, Sudan ]  Despite improvement in the context in Sudan over the past few years, the humanitarian community continues to require the support of tailored and coordinated logistics solutions when responding to emergency and protracted needs.
[ 2019, Sudan ]  Sustainable solutions for improved services such as solar –powered and environmentally friendly health facilities are promoted by health partners through linkages with ongoing developmental initiatives such as the Darfur Reconstruction Strategy.
[ 2019, Sudan ]  Joint response by partners to outbreaks and control of their spread is life saving and significantly contributes to reducing avoidable mortality and illnesses especially as, in the present context, the threats are imminent amongst targeted communities. Support of the Emergency Operation Centers and coordination bodies at national and targeted states level, rapid response mechanism, revolving medical supplies, and early warning system are essential for outbreak/emergency response in targeted localities, and also contribute to the wider scope of institutionalization of an effective emergency preparedness and response capacity in the country.
[ 2019, Sudan ]  Fifty one per cent of the targeted population are females, 53 percent are under 18 years of age, and 17 percent are under 5 years of age.
[ 2019, Sudan ]  The latest Health Facility Survey  ( FMOH )  for Sudan conducted in August 2018, shows 1,274  ( 22 per cent )  out of 5,790 PHC facilities are not fully functional either due to staff shortages  ( 49 per cent ) , poor physical infrastructure  ( 43 per cent )  or lack of medical equipment  ( 8 per cent )
[ 2019, Sudan ]  Furthermore, increasing economic challenges negatively affect the delivery of and access to health services, especially for the most vulnerable communities, IDPs, returnees, and host communities with an increased need for humanitarian assistance, including access to affordable essential medicines.
[ 2019, Sudan ]  According to the latest IPC results, 5.67 million people in Sudan are classified as food insecure during the January March period – up by 870,000 compared to 2018
[ 2019, Sudan ]  The Fund focused on NGOs as frontline responders, area based approaches and pilot projects to strengthen a comprehensive response through three multi year integrated multi sector projects to support acute malnutrition interventions  ( Kassala State )  and to strengthen access to basic services and livelihoods opportunities for protracted displacement in Krenik  ( West Darfur ) , and for returnees in Umm Dukhun  ( Central Darfur ) .
[ 2019, Sudan ] . Although crops benefited from favourable precipitation and harvest in 2018, the high cost of production a result of high agricultural input prices as well as shortages of fuel and cash have affected farming production.
[ 2019, Sudan ]  The food security and nutrition situation remains fragile and many affected populations remain dependent on assistance to meet their basic food needs. According to the Government's Food Security Technical Secretariat, 5.7 million people were estimated to be in Crisis   Integrated Food Security Phase Classification  ( IPC )  Phase 3   or Emergency  ( IPC Phase 4 )  levels of food insecurity   ten out of 18 states have people in IPC phase 4
[ 2019, Sudan ]  Rising prices, compounded by limited access to livelihoods opportunities, have been identified as the main drivers of food insecurity and poor food consumption, which have led to a severe decline in the purchasing power of the most vulnerable communities, including returnees, refugees, and IDPs, as well as vulnerable host communities and residents.
[ 2019, Sudan ] Moreover, as the economic situation impacts Sudanese people's lives and their purchasing power decreases, many more households cannot afford schooling costs.
[ 2019, Sudan ] .Subsequently, during the past year, the national average price of crops and livestock on the market has increased significantly compared to historic averages.
[ 2019, Sudan ] The ongoing economic crisis, along with the recent lifting of fuel and wheat subsidies, continue to contribute to the devaluation of the local currency and high rates of inflation resulting in an increase in food prices and costs of agricultural production.
[ 2019, Sudan ] In Jebel Marra localities, access to education remains low and enrolment for basic education stands at 40 per cent on average.  [ Specified assessed location: Jebel Marra ]
[ 2019, Sudan ]  In 2018, the SHF and CERF allocated funding to meet prioritized needs in six states   Central Darfur, North Darfur, South Darfur, Blue Nile, South Kordofan, and Kassala. By leveraging the comparative advantage of both funding mechanisms, these pooled funds remain critical in enabling a timely, coordinated, flexible, effective and prioritized response by humanitarian partners to sudden emergencies and protracted humanitarian needs in Sudan.
[ 2019, Sudan ]  Nevertheless, humanitarian partners continue to face access challenges in several areas, including but not limited to areas affected by armed clashes. There are delays in processing of technical agreements, interference in recruitment of national staff and procurement processes, prescribing types of projects to be included in technical agreements, and selection of partners.
[ 2019, Sudan ]  To supplement household income, parents may send their children to work, exposing children to risks such as child labour, unsafe migration, trafficking, recruitment and sexual exploitation.
[ 2019, Sudan ]  Beyond household food security, the economic crisis is also impacting other sectors, including health and nutrition, as people reduce expenditure in order to meet their basic food needs or compromise the quality of food.
[ 2019, Sudan ]  The country is also currently facing severe macro economic challenges which are further exacerbating the situation. Austerity measures instituted in 2018 have resulted in spiralling inflation   reaching 73 per cent in December 2018   and consequently a spike in prices of basic commodities and medicines.
[ 2019, Sudan ]  Further, communicable diseases remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Sudan and the country is prone to measles, meningitis, acute watery diarrhoea  ( AWD )  and most recently chikungunya and dengue.
[ 2019, Sudan ]  About 2.4 million children under age five suffer from wasting annually, out of whom close to 700,000 suffer from severe acute malnutrition  ( SAM ) .
[ 2019, Sudan ]  People in emergency and crisis levels are only able to meet minimum food needs with irreversible coping strategies that involve liquidating livelihood assets or diverting expenses from essential non food items.
[ 2019, Sudan ] Protection risks and threats continue; IDPs, particularly women and girls, still face high protection risks and continue to be harassed, and occasionally killed or raped. Between December 2017 and January 2019, UNAMID documented 192 victims of sexual and gender based violence.
[ 2019, Sudan ] Localized violence continues to take place due to fighting between sedentary farmers and nomadic pastoral communities, and between nomadic communities
[ 2019, Sudan ]  About 1.86 million live in protracted displacement. About 27,000 people were newly displaced in areas experiencing localised armed conflict such as Jebel Marra, Blue Nile and South Kordofan – 19,000 people were mostly displaced in 2018 in Jebel Marra alone  [  Specified assessed location: Jebel Marra  ( Darfur region )  ]
[ 2019, Sudan ] The RRR response consists of five outputs based mainly on the eight criteria and benchmarks for durable solutions set out in the IASC's Framework on Durable Solutions for IDPs and on lessons learned from the National IDP policy. The outputs bring together efforts to strengthen economic self reliance and address food security, while improving basic infrastructure and enhancing governance functions of the local administration and provision of justice, which will facilitate durable solutions for returnees, or for those integrating in urban/peri urban areas.
[ 2019, Sudan ] The Recovery Returns and Reintegration  ( RRR )  sector continues to support returns and reintegration through return verification, registration, assessments of needs and provision of services in areas of return.
[ 2019, Sudan ]  Other targeted ministries include: the Ministry of Defence, Ministry of Internal affairs, Ministry of Security and Social Development  ( for child protection services ) , FMoH,  ( for the protection of GBV survivors in health services )  and the National Mine Action Centre  ( NMAC )  to strengthen their capacities to manage and provide required support to landmine/ERW affected communities.
[ 2019, Sudan ]  Government institutions that are supported by the protection sector include: family and child protection units within the police under the Justice Ministry; and the national and state councils for child welfare, and violence against women units, both under the Social Welfare Ministry
[ 2019, Sudan ]  Limited humanitarian assistance has been provided in the above mentioned areas and many cases of landmines and ERW victims remain unreported.
[ 2019, Sudan ]  There are officially over 2,136 landmine/ERW victims registered in the IMSMA database in Sudan, out of which only 833 have received some form of support.
[ 2019, Sudan ]  While the economic crisis impacts women, boys and girls in different ways, a lack of access to a variety of assets, including but not limited to financial services, legal status, and social safety nets, places women and children in unfavorable and insecure environments that expose them to violence and exploitation.
[ 2019, Sudan ]  About 2.4 million children suffer from wasting annually, with approximately 700,000 currently suffering from severe acute malnutrition  ( SAM ) .
[ 2019, Sudan ]  Since January 2018, the inflation rate has soared, surpassing 60 per cent in June 2018 and 70 per cent in December 2018, and leading to a sharp rise in the cost of living and a precipitous drop in purchasing power.
[ 2019, Sudan ]  The nutrition situation in Sudan has been characterized by persistently high levels of undernutrition since information was made available in 1987.
[ 2019, Sudan ] Effective and timely logistics and telecommunications are key to enabling humanitarian relief programmes that address both emergency and protracted needs of the population affected by man made and natural disasters.
[ 2019, Sudan ]  Likewise, the UN Humanitarian Air Service  ( UNHAS )  provides vital air transportation service for both humanitarian and development partners countrywide, facilitating access to people in need.
[ 2019, Sudan ]  In 2018, large scale epidemiological events, along with more than 180 alerts of smaller outbreaks of water and vector borne and vaccine preventable diseases in all 18 states  ( measles, chikungunya, AWD, malaria, dengue, dysentery, typhoid, Schistosomiasis, rubella etc )  occurred.
There is a need for strengthened community reconciliation and peace building efforts.
Recreation kits and sitting mats were provided to eight out of ten child friend spaces in gathering sites.
There is an annual increase in the number of people in need. Stress on the existing WASH coverage because of the increased population and its concentration, aging and damaged infrastructure and newfound WASH gaps exposed by the COVID 19 pandemic, have also contributed to the rise in the number of people in need of 2021.
( 28 March 2019 ) In Garsila, Umkhier mixed cluster 33 percent of households were found to be food insecure which is a significant decrease from November 2017's 56 percent
In January 2021, the average national retail price of wheat flour was 178.3 Sudanese pound per Kg, which is a increase by 12.8 percent compared to December 2020.
In January 2021, the average price of sorghum in El Gadarif Auction was SDG6,813/90Kg sack, which is a decrease by 6.0 percent compared to the previous month and 184 percent higher compared to the same month of the previous year.
Food insecurity remains high in Sudan with displacements, economic decline, inflation, and increasing food prices, exacerbated by the impacts of the COVID 19 pandemic.
Logistics challenges related to food supplies and movement caused delays in the implementation of take home rations in lieu of on site school meals, in the context of the COVID 19 pandemic.
WFP delivered to the Government a second shipment of 40,000 mt of wheat to help secure the supply of bread to the general population in view of critical shortages.
At least 12 education facilities in Red Sea, North Darfur, South Darfur and Sennar states have been damaged by the floodwaters.
As many families have lost their homes as well as their income, the affected population is in urgent need of food assistance. Assessments report on the need for ready made meals in the emergency response.
Humanitarian needs have been compounded by the ongoing economic crisis and the impact of COVID 19 containment measures. Additionally, Sudan experienced its worst flooding in more than 100 years between July and September 2020, affecting more than 875,000 people.
On 27 January, emergency shelters and non food items were distributed to 6,500 IDPs bringing the total to 15,000 – around three quarters of those targeted to receive aid
Without adequate and timely funding, UNICEF was not able to respond to the ongoing disease outbreaks, the nutrition crisis or to reach the most vulnerable children in need of education, health, child protection and WASH services.
During the farming season, a high number of attacks on IDPs was registered including rapes, killings and physical assaults. In Darfur, 32 per cent of the community perceive their environment as unsafe due to GBV.
In addition, more than 3,000 flood affected children ages five years and younger and pregnant and lactating women received nutrition support during the response.
Some progress has been made since 2018 on policies related to access to work permits and public education for refugees. However, these policies are applied inconsistently at local levels, and refugees still face discrimination when accessing public services.
WFP distributed a one month ration to 20,000 people in Gereida in December.
Trauma and emergency surgery kits were delivered by WHO to Dereige camp for the new IDPs in Gereida. Injured people and pregnant women received specific support. Awareness sessions and health messages were delivered to the displaced community and 16 primary healthcare volunteers have been mobilised.
The government deployed joint forces and established buffer zones between the communities to control the security situation and defuse tension.
The Sudanese water authority is organizing the distribution of materials for the construction of latrines.
The groundnut prices were varied across states compared to May 2018, it is higher by 20 to 44 percent in 8 states, while it declined in two states, North Darfur  ( 10 percent )  and Kassala  ( 7 percent ) .
The highest groundnut price was recorded in South Kordofan  ( SDG1,059/Kantar )  while the lowest was recorded in West Darfur  ( SDG700/Kantar ) .
COVID 19 is having direct and indirect impacts on food access in Sudan. Some families have lost their incomes and many poor households have lost physical access to areas where they typically earn an income, including markets.
Sudan also hosts over 1.1 million refugees, including 763,000 refugees from South Sudan and more than 61,000 Ethiopian refugees, and acts as a key transit country for migrants from the Horn of Africa heading to Europe.
[ Recommendation For Action ]  Close monitoring and facilitation of nomads' seasonal movements with their animals to the summer season grazing areas to avoid the destruction of farms and conflict with farmers.
255,000 children 6 59 months of age, pregnant and breastfeeding women received nutrition assistance.
In December 2019, intercommunal clashes between Massalit and Arab tribes in El Geneina, West Darfur, displaced some 41,000 people, most of whom had already been displaced before and resided in IDP camps. Over 16,000 refugees spontaneously settled on the other side of the Chadian border around Adre. A new Kouchaguine Moura camp has been established to relocate the new refugees.
Extension officers reported the following additional shocks impacting crop production in the current season: plant diseases, heavy rains and flooding. The presence of fall armyworm was regularly reported in Blue Nile, White Nile and West Kordofan states.
The lack of safe water, functional toilets and handwashing facilities in healthcare settings poses significant health risks to patients, healthcare workers and nearby communities.  ( In IDP sites )
All 18 states have reported cases, with Khartoum, Al Jazirah, and Gedaref among the hardest hit. Although Khartoum state accounts for most of all reported cases in the country, the majority of all COVID 19 related deaths have been reported outside the capital.
As per funding requested by Sudan  ( 248.5 million, 94% i.e. USD 231,7 million under funded.
As more children leave school to work, or because their families simply cannot afford school fees, their risk of exploitation and abuse increases. Some households resort to reallocating labour among family members, with children joining the workforce to support income generation for the family. Households that rely on negative livelihoods related coping strategies are less resilient to later shocks.
The United Nations Refugee Agency  ( UNHCR )  operation in Sudan started almost 50 years ago in Gedaref State. Today, the general humanitarian situation in Sudan is a complex mix of asylum seekers, refugees, internally displaced persons  ( IDPs ) , Sudanese refugee returnees and IDP returnees.
Partners are monitoring and assessing needs in the gathering points. Child Protection sub sector carried out assessments in two gathering sites and agreed to establish a child friendly space
Plan with teachers and local leaders on how to educate affected communities about other high risk groups such as people living with HIV, those with kidney problems, diabetes, high blood pressure, asthma and heart problems.
Enhance training of community support groups on mask production and usage, including members of the Community Based Protection  ( CBP )  networks.
As of January 2020, it is estimated that over 353,000 refugee children are of school going age  ( 6 17 years ) , which amounts to 33% of the total refugee population. It is further estimated that in some states, up to 67% of the school aged children are out of school
Malnutrition screening continues in all IDPs gathering points coordinated by UNICEF and Ministry of Health  ( MoH ) . The MoH evacuated 31 injured people to hospitals in Khartoum. IMC has established six mobile clinics to provide primary health care services, screening and referral of severe cases.
86% of the respondents has access to a phone, with 97 % having daily access to a phone, and 3% weekly access. Among these, 64% have access to an ordinary phone and 21% to a smart phone.
Consider investing in radio. This could go a long way in boosting sensitization among refugees pending a more in depth radio listenership survey in the near future.
In November 2020, wheat grain was traded at about SDG 10 200/90 kg sack on average, about 240 percent higher year on year.
Overcrowding and congestion remain a serious concern, with all camps currently hosting populations beyond initial capacity, aggravated by the COVID 19 threat as the pandemic persists.
UNICEF is providing water to about 500 families and the MoH constructed four emergency communal latrines.
Women and girls, boys and men continue to face the risk of different types of GBV contributing to factors including low economic status with no or little livelihood opportunities, lack of community awareness on women's rights and GBV due to traditional and social norms.
[ 2021 ]  109,000 IDPs, mostly children, women and elderly, are living in overcrowded conditions in 84 shelter centres in El Geneina  ( West Darfur ) , since intercommunal violence broke out on 19 January.
Mid February 2020, fighting erupted between different clans of the Zaghawa tribe in Tina, Eastern Chad. Some 6,000 individuals have since arrived in Tina locality in North Darfur. The situation remains tense and according to reports, fighting is still ongoing.
Approximately one million cases of malaria were reported during the first half of 2019, with projections to incur double the caseload of the previous year by the end of 2019; Chikungunya cases were also significant, with 111 cases and one resulting fatality in Red Sea State.
On 24 January, MUAC screening was carried out in Dereige camp. Three severely malnourished children and 36 moderately malnourished people were referred to the World Vison nutrition centre in Dereige camp.
Several thousand people fleeing escalating violence in Ethiopia's Benishangul Gumuz region have sought safety in Sudan's Blue Nile State over the last month
Women in both communities are the most affected group by intercommunal conflicts. At times of conflict, they are usually targeted by harassment, abuse and rape.
Domestic movement restrictions were enforced by the GoS on 31 March 2020 through a curfew effective between 6PM and 6AM in all states apart from Khartoum, where a three week lockdown has been effective since 18 April 2020.
General protection needs are most severe in specific districts of Darfur, South Kordofan and Blue Nile, where incidents of inter communal conflict have been documented throughout 2020.
For instance, while health partners have provided 3.7 million consultations, in most of the other indicators  ( prenatal, postnatal, caesarian sections )  the response was lagging behind, and hardly scratching the surface in mental health and disability aspects
Over the past three years, the economic crisis and other exacerbating factors have rendered about 4.5 million people in central and eastern Sudan vulnerable and in need of humanitarian assistance.
The Sudan Humanitarian Aid Commission  ( HAC )  reported in October that flooding has affected over 875,000 people across the country, with the states most affected being North Darfur, Khartoum, West Darfur, Sennar and Blue Nile.
Sudan's health system was already under extreme stress before the pandemic, and over 80% of the population had no access to a health centre within two hours of their home
COVID 19 confirmed cases reached 13,804 as of 31 October.
On 3 June, ambulances and wounded people were prevented from reaching hospitals. Hospitals have been looted and health personnel have been receiving threats by security forces.
In November 2020, Sudan reported 103 cases of chikungunya.
General protection needs among conflict and disaster affected populations across Sudan is expected to remain high in 2021.
A first round of outbreak response completed 01 December 2020. Vaccinators aim to reach 8.47 million children under five in all 18 states of the country, using mOPV2 vaccine. Admin coverage data was 97.2%, 14 out of 18 states achieved more than 95%. Khartoum achieved lowest in the states.
Vaccine management:   9,902,600 doses of mOPV2 vaccine received in the National cold store in December 2020.   Vaccine distribution to states started 18 January 2021 and to lower levels on 20 January.   Surgical masks received in country and will be distributed with the bundle   UNICEF CO and FOs campaign monitoring team identified and deployment to identified states started.
Vitamin A supplementation:   8,443,071 dosed of Vitamin A and related supplies have been procured and delivery to the states has started.   Guidelines, training, tally sheets and related materials reviewed and updated to reflect the added interventions and to overcome weaknesses related to first round implementation.
Roadblocks are preventing flights and hampering the delivery of aid. Ag Geneina is a hub for aid delivery and some 700,000 beneficiaries have not been reached since 17 January.
As of 31 January 2020, there are some estimated 94,000 Syrian refugees, mainly in Khartoum State and over 1,700 Yemeni refugees in Sudan.
Nearly 100 people died due to floods and landslides, and another 46 people have been injured.
Attacks on three Krinding IDP camps and other areas on the outskirts of Ag Geneina resulted in the displacement of 108,800 people to Ag Geneina town and surrounding villages. 65,800 displaced people are sheltering in 52 centres across Ag Geneina town.
While the recent floods in the country have significantly impact access to safe drinking water, in which highly expected to raise water borne diseases, vector related illnesses.
Protection risks remained in many parts of the country, with increased risks and violence reported, especially in Darfur.
The highest groundnut price was recorded in South Kordofan  ( SDG1,075/Kantar )  while the lowest was recorded in North Kordofan  ( SDG643/Kantar ) .
In October, WFP continued to provide life saving food and nutrition assistance to ensure critical support reach the people in need. 2.7 million people were reached with life saving food assistance  ( in kind food or cash based transfers )  across 14 states
WFP and partners provided food and nutrition support to families hit the hardest by the floods that ravaged the country the previous months. WFP flood response was finalized in November, reaching over 250,000 floods affected people with emergency food assistance in Khartoum, North Darfur, Sennar, East Darfur, West Darfur, Red Sea, White Nile, North Kordofan, West Kordofan and Kassala States
WFP also provided emergency nutrition assistance to over 3,000 children under five, pregnant and nursing women as part of the flood response.
Around 8 percent of the households resort to emergency coping strategies such as begging, and selling last female animals, and 19 percent of the households resort to crisis coping strategies such as selling productive assets.
The COVID 19 epidemic that started in March 2020 and the containment measures introduced after that compromised an already collapsing health system.
[ Recommendation For Action ] Scale up diversified livelihood programs for improved self reliance, resilience building and social protection for all vulnerable communities classified in IPC Phases 2, 3 and 4, with special support for reconstructing and restoring livelihood assets in areas affected by flooding.
Access to extension services need to be strengthened to increase value adding opportunities for farmers which goes hand in hand with awareness raising on existing services and how to access them.
Many schools  ( including camp schools )  suffer from severe shortage of teachers. This has led to the engagement of refugee teachers as volunteers to address this gap. However, the shortages remain severe.
The deteriorated roads conditions due to previous heavy rains made it challenging to reach people in need of humanitarian assistance in some hard to reach areas. Episodes of insecurity in Port Sudan temporarily impacted the port operations and slowed down the movement of food to field locations, as well as operational constraints and shortages of fuel.
The violence has killed 400 people and injured over 470.
The challenges to access education range from availability of schools in the host communities; availability of basic school resources and facilities; and most importantly availability of teachers.
One of the biggest barriers that refugees and asylum seekers face beyond finding a place to temporarily call home is the opportunity to get education.
Cereal prices in February remained on average over 200 percent higher than last year and over six times higher than the five year average.
Sudanese communities are affected by regular outbreaks of diseases such as malaria, dengue, chikungunya, measles, polio, cholera and, since March 2020, COVID 19.
Almost US$7 million has been allocated for the response in West Darfur. This includes $1.3 million from the Sudan Humanitarian Fund, and $1.1 million from IOM's Rapid Response Fund  ( RRF ) . The Start Fund provided $272,716 to two international NGOs.
Refugees and Asylum seekers: 1,106,590 Individuals, 368,863 Households
[ Recommendation For Action ] Strengthen and support initiatives addressing cross cutting issues of food security and nutrition of vulnerable groups.
[ Recommendation For Action ]  Scale up and improve access to basic services  ( health and WASH )  throughout the projection period, with a special focus on flood affected areas.
[ Recommendation For Action ]  Promote good nutritional practices at household levels through nutrition sensitive activities, such as home gardening and educational awareness on food and water safety
The deepening economic crisis, following years of stagnation and little investment in already weak public services is driving worsening food insecurity, deteriorating healthcare, and lack of access to other basic needs across Sudan
Furthermore, access to birth registration is limited in most locations, placing refugee children born in Sudan at heightened risk of statelessness.
The update indicates flooding, rampant inflation, political instability and tribal clashes have triggered the higher levels of acute food insecurity compared to the previous forecast for the period October   December 2020.
220,000 children 6 59 months of age, pregnant and breastfeeding women received nutrition assistance in October. Distributions include precautionary measures to minimize risks of COVID 19 transmission.
Affected population of 750 individuals  ( 150 houses )  burned by a re that broke out in Um Hajaleej village near El Fasher, North Darfur.  [ Specified assessed location: Um Hajaleej village ]
abundant rains in 2020 increased the availability of pastures and water for livestock, lowering costs of animal husbandry
The rate of children under 2 years achieving age appropriate dietary diversity is poor. East Darfur has the highest failure rate at 90 per cent  ( S3M II, 2018 )
WFP October Market Monitor shows that the national average retail price of sorghum is 266 percent higher compared to October 2019. The cost of the local food basket has also increased steadily since the beginning of 2020 and is 221 percent higher compared to the same period last year.
This  [ loss of education ]  pushed many youths to resort to maladaptive strategies like illegal migration and joining armed militias. Moreover, drug abuse and violence have become very rampant among youths.
Food availability was further impacted by flooding which affected arable land and destroyed harvests.
Violence in the Darfur regions between 15–18 January forced more people to flee their homes than in the whole of 2020
Those who live in IDP and refugee camps, including undocumented, are specifically in need of support due to their complete dependency on humanitarian aid and the lack of service coverage by health institutions.
As of 31 January 2020, Khartoum hosts close to 284,000 South Sudanese refugees, with an estimated 155,000 refugees living in nine sites called ‘open areas' characterized with high needs and limited assistance
This  [ estimated 7.1 million people who face crisis or worse levels of food insecurity ]  represents a 22 per cent increase from 5.8 million compared to the same period last year  ( IPC analysis 2019 )
Organizations are facing problems of limited funding for child protection response and about $850,000 is needed to meet the immediate protection needs of children and adolescents
( 28 March 2019 ) Compared to November 2017, the price of sorghum in November 2018 was also found to have risen by 122 percent to 11.33 SDG/kilo.
In Darfur, over 100 per cent of the people estimated to be in need of assistance were reached with some form of assistance.
When accessing public health services refugees consistently report having to pay higher service fees than nationals and individual fee coverage claims indicate charges two or three times the rates charged to nationals.
Heavy rains and flooding in most of Sudan have left a trail of destruction, including damages to homes, infrastructure, croplands and other livelihoods
Past conflicts in Sudan and neighboring countries have left thousands of people internally displaced or living as refugees and without basic support, in and outside of camps.
Health partners and the WD Society of Medical Officers of Health  ( SMOH )  have finalized the planning process and mapping of activities and costs. Estimated 3.7 M USD is needed for 3 months, of which 1,606,919.77 is the gap for Sexual and reproductive health services.
Refugee survivors of GBV are treated within traditional justice system as they have very limited access to formal justice and legal aid, and there remain significant gaps in medical and other support services.
Young men and women, boys and girls are often physically and sexually assaulted by traffickers/smugglers.
Active armed conflict between government and factions of the SLA AW forces in Jebel Mara continued in 2019, leading to further displacement in Greater Jebel Mara, with some 4,100 people displaced in these areas.  [ Specific location assessed   Jebel Marra ]
The lack of livelihoods opportunities, the deteriorating economic situation and COVID 19 pandemic further undermine the safety and well being of refugee women, men, girls and boys
Only a third have simultaneous access to water and sanitation, with wide disparities between states, between urban and rural areas, and between the richest and poorest.
The Resident/Humanitarian Coordinator  ( RC/HC )  for Sudan urges all humanitarian actors to remain mindful of their obligation to implement safe, dignified and people centered approaches that do not expose beneficiaries to harm.
GBV risk is aggravated by inadequate lighting in camps/settlements, limited access to energy and water supply gaps that require women and girls to travel long distances to collect water and firewood, and lack of gender appropriate toilets.
The main roads to and from Geneina town has been re opened for the movement of humanitarian supplies and personnel as of February 07, 2021.
Livelihood support to refugees by humanitarian partners in Sudan remains hampered by the economic downturn, movement restrictions and access to work permits.
There are 8.6 million people in need of humanitarian health assistance residing in high risk areas and lacking basic lifesaving and life sustaining health services.
Most refugees live in out of camp settlements, host communities and urban areas.
It also includes the increase of the out of the camp population in White Nile State by 79,000 based on as inter agency assessment targeting out of camp locations.
About 3.2 million people needed life saving nutrition services in 2020, with 2.7 million children  ( 0 59 months )  suffering from acute malnutrition.
In the past weeks, UNHCR and partners have provided humanitarian assistance to nearly 1,000 refugees in Yabacher  ( Wad Al Mahi locality ) , on the SudanEthiopia border. Refugees have received food, access to health, water and sanitation facilities, and aid supplies.
UNHCR, the UN refugee agency, is working closely with Sudanese authorities and partners to assess the situation and respond to the humanitarian needs of the newly arrived, many of whom have arrived in hard toreach locations along the border
The production of sesame and groundnut main cash crops is 6 per cent and 15 per cent lower than last year, respectively, but 49 per cent and 18 per cent above the five year average.
( 28 March 2019 ) Local food basket price was highest in White Nile, reaching SDG 27.19 per person per day. It was then followed by South Darfur  ( 26.83 )  and Blue Nile  ( 24.19 ) .
However, due to large influx and frequent displacements in some localities, many of the learning spaces are extremely overcrowded or become dysfunctional.
Protection  ( Child Protection ) : There were 2.7M people in need with 0.7M people targeted and 0.19M people were reached. $18.1M budget was required.
Refugees suffer from high rates of acute malnutrition, which can negatively impact their immune systems and introduce additional comorbidities, increasing their risk of severe consequences as a result of an infection with COVID 19.
In 2020, aid organizations in Sudan have so far received 44 per cent of the 1.6 billion requested for the humanitarian response.
Another 17 million people are estimated to be under stress   they have minimally adequate food consumption but are unable to afford some essential non food expenditures  ( IPC phase 2 ) ; any additional shock could push them to severe levels of hunger.
All affected individuals are Sudanese nationals, and at least 58 individuals have additional vulnerabilities in need of assistance and support.
Flexible funding from Germany, Norway, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States enabled WFP to divert resources in the amount of US$5.2 million towards the immediate response to refugees right at the start of this emergency.
Enhancing measures to mitigate the risk of GBV in the humanitarian response through integration and mainstreaming
Data collected through the return intention indicator suggests that all IDPs in Ag Geneina town and its surrounding villages  ( 100% )  intend to return to their locations of origin upon improvement of the security situation.
Invest more in Community Outreach Volunteers  ( COVs )  to bolster sensitization and poster distribution in urban settings by increasing their number and allocating more resources toward their incentives.
Raising awareness of GBV prevention, response, available services and support to survivors.
More than one third of the households had to adopt food based coping strategies to maintain minimum food consumption levels. Additionally, 54 percent of the households had to resort to livelihood based coping strategies, depleting their livelihood assets.
COVID 19 prevention is streamlined across all activities. Temperature screening is in place at the entry point in Hamdayet for new arrivals.
By 11 October, the number of confirmed cases had increased to 13,691. This increase is attributed mainly to local transmission of cases.
Communications and C4D  ( Communications for Development )    ToTs for social mobilizers is completed at most of the states.   Distribution of communication materials  ( Posters, banners, billboards )  along with M&E tools  ( daily registers, supervisory checklists )  has started and will be completed before four days to NIDs.   Distribution of 54 sound systems procured by UNICEF for the low performing states from R 1 is completed.   Radio and Television spots are finalized and will be on air during prime time 4fourdays before and four days during the campaign.   The town announcer will be executed two days in advance and during the campaign   Orientation of media personnel is planned for 21 January and a press release on 24 January.  SMS dissemination on campaign awareness is ongoing on Zain, MTN and Sudani networks.   All materials
Inflation continues to drive increases in prices of essential commodities, making them unaffordable to economically vulnerable populations.
[ 2021 ]  9.2 million people are in need of health assistance across the country, including 1.3 million IDPs and 1.1 million refugees.
Over 500 km2 of land appears to be flooded in Khartoum, Al Jazirah and White Nile states alone, according to satellite images. Meanwhile, river levels continue to rise and more than 506,000 people have already been affected in 17 of the country's 18 states, according to data from the Government's Humanitarian Aid Commission  ( HAC ) .
Improve interview environment, especially for female respondents during assessments. A conducive environment is crucial especially when discussing issues relating to women, gender and violence. This increases confidence leading to improvement in the quality of data.
70% of the refugees assessed expressed that they prefer to receive communication through Community leaders and Sultans, 30% say they prefer to receive communication through mobile phone, 6% prefer social media and 4% prefer newspaper. 60% of refugees have access to radio and 40% don't.
Over 100,000 homes have been destroyed or damaged across the country, leaving thousands of people homeless and forcing them to seek refuges with relatives or at schools.
( 28 March 2019 ) Overall, food insecurity prevalence increased in all clusters, except for IDPs in Otash & Deriege cluster
Thousands of people fled their homes, 14 people were killed and another 10 wounded following a series of attacks between 24 January and 31 January on several villages in East Jebel Marra, according to community leaders.
The pandemic threatens to put an additional and unprecedented strain on already vulnerable populations, including the forcibly displaced, many of whom live in informal settlements or camps.
More than 146,000 houses and 443 schools were either destroyed or damaged, and some families are seeking shelter in schools, while some others with extended families and neighbours. Many displaced from their homes are being accommodated in public buildings, however, some survivors have been left out in the open.
Forecasts for more rain could result in additional people requiring humanitarian assistance. Besides an immediate risk to life, there is also an expected increase of both, water and vector borne diseases such as cholera, malaria and dengue fever. There is an urgent need for immediate and longer term shelter provision as well as essential household non food items.
( 28 March 2019 ) Among the IDP population of Southern and Eastern Sudan, 49 percent of surveyed households were found to be food insecure in November 2018. This is an increase from 39 percent from November 2017, before the economic crisis.
Protection monitoring covered 24 gathering points since the start of the response, reaching 32,600 people with community level protection monitoring assessments.
The COVID 19 Safe School kit was also specifically designed for the school context in Sudan, with considerations to the flooring that typically exists in primary schools and the materials used in schools for cleaning or disinfection purposes.
Solarisation of some water facilities is urgently required to increase sustainability and reduce the cost and environmental impact
The Patients Helping Fund  ( PHF )  NGO in Katur started the screening of the children under 5 years, lactating mothers and pregnant women. PHF is coordinate with SMoH  [ Sudan Ministry of Health ]  and UNICEF to send additional nutrition supplies to the area.
The average wholesale price of sorghum for May 2019 was SDG1,556/sack  ( =90Kg ) ; it decreased by 13 percent compared to April 2019 and it is higher by 63 percent compared to the same month of the previous year
In November 2020, UNHAS transported 3,781 passengers from 80 partner organizations reaching over 30 destinations and delivered 4.9 metric tons of light humanitarian cargo.
59% of refugees assessed do not have access to television at home or in the camp compared to 41% who have access. 86% of those interviewed have access to a phone and 14% don't. 75% have access to an ordinary phone and 25% have access to a smart phone. 28% have access to internet and 72% do not.
Material support including dignity kits for approximately 21,000 women and girls of reproductive health age within the gathering sites, other affected villages outside of El Geneina town and vulnerable host populations sheltering the displaced people.
The conflict in the Tigray region of Ethiopia that escalated early November has forced people to flee across the border into eastern Sudan to seek safety. According to UNHCR, over 56,000 people have arrived in Kassala, Gedaref and Blue Nile states  ( as of 5 January 2021 ) .
Attacks by armed militia in Jebel Marra, North Darfur, between 24–31 January displaced a further 22,000 people.
A WFP convoy arrived yesterday in Ag Geneina from Zalingi – the first since the escalation of intercommunal tension. One month emergency food rations have been delivered to around 40,000, or half of the target in Geneina town.
Sudan is home to around 1.4 million migrants from the region, many of whom are living in difficult conditions, exacerbated by the spread of the virus.
The pandemic has created unprecedented challenges for the struggling health system in Sudan, especially given the high cost of medical treatment in a lower middle income country where 47% of the population live below the poverty line.
In July 2019, the EU IOM Joint Initiative signed an agreement with the country's National Health Insurance Fund  ( NHIF ) , allowing more than 2,000 Sudanese returning from Libya, Egypt, Niger and Chad, among other countries, and their families to have medical coverage that assists in cushioning them against prohibitive medical bills.
[ Before July 2019 ]  Prior to partnering with NHIF, the EU IOM Joint Initiative was funding medical screenings and referring targeted returnees to medical service providers and covering their medical fees, but systematic access to primary healthcare has been missing. The partnership is meant to rectify this by improving access to primary healthcare for those benefiting from the programme.