nlp-thedeep/humsetbias huggingface dataset:
The most significant change for Enabling Programmes was the re activation of the Logistics Cluster in April 2020 to respond to the new needs arising from the COVID 19 outbreak in Somalia, as well as locust response and flooding. WFP, through the joint efforts of the Logistics Cluster and the Humanitarian Air Service  ( UNHAS ) , has been supporting the air transportation of key health partners including the Federal Ministry of Health  ( FMoH ) , the Office of the Prime Minister  ( OPM )  and the WHO; facilitating the delivery of medical supplies and personnel to locations throughout Somalia, inaccessible by road. The Logistics Cluster installed a mobile storage unit in Mogadishu on behalf of the FMoH to accommodate medical supplies . While items such as PPE kits and medicines were delivered, the response teams also collected testing samples and trained key medical personnel in 22 locations.
Activities related to needs assessments both sector specific or inter sectorial such as the JMCNA and FSNAU have required a revised approach this year due to COVID 19. The JMCNA will predominately be conducted through remote phone calls by enumerators working at home, ensuring also that new and extensive data quality control procedures are put in place. FSNAU is currently reviewing the best modality to carry out the post Gu' assessment.
The first half of 2020 has seen an upsurge in access constraints with 141 reported incidents up to July, compared to 151 in 2019.
Inadequate breastfeeding practices during the complementary feeding period increase the cost of a nutritious diet for a child aged 12 23 months from $0.37 School meals currently include a breakfast portion and a lunch, covering a substantial amount of the overall foods eaten per school day.
In Belet Weyne the minimum cost for a nutritious diet for the adolescent boy is $1.46 while an adolescent girl requires $1.93 to meet her micronutrient needs
Organizations have supported the closure of breakages along the riverbanks. Since July, more than 100,000 gunny bags have been donated by various organisations including stabilisation actors to close river breakages
The United Nations Emergency Relief Coordinator Mark Lowcock has agreed to allocate up to $140 million from the UN's Central Emergency Response Fund  ( CERF )  to support a series of anticipatory action interventions over the next 18 months, starting with $15 million in Somalia. This pilot aims to combat the projected increase in humanitarian needs due to food insecurity caused by locust infestation, flooding, and the COVID 19 pandemic by providing a targeted response through five key clusters and interventions.
As of 31 July, UNHCR recorded a total of 30,269 refugees and asylum seekers, out of which 14,815 were refugees and 15,454 asylum seekers. Most of the refugees and asylum seekers arrived from Ethiopia  ( 64 percent )  and Yemen  ( 33.5 percent ) .
In Dolow, 20 asylum seekers were trained farm gardening, good agricultural practices and integrated pest management. In Bossaso/Garowe, 150 persons continues with vocational training  ( 50 )  and small scale business  ( 100 )  while in Galkayo, 115 persons continued with small scale businesses  ( 50 )  and technical vocational training and education  ( 65 ) .
Nearly 5,000 people attended health promotion sessions on AWD prevention, while information was broadcasted on 11 radio stations country wide and SMS messages with AWD prevention information were sent to more than 58,000 people.
NRC distributed hygiene kits through a cash programme, constructed 45 communal latrines and a temporary school  ( four classrooms, an office, six gender segregated latrines )  and provided incentives to 10 teachers as well as scholastic materials.
Security incidents ranged from the more severe, such as assassination, kidnapping for ransom, abduction, expulsion, looting, the deliberate destruction of assets or facilities, arrest and detention, to the less severe, such as temporary detention, harassment and verbal and written threats.
In Mogadishu, 100 beneficiaries continued with two months business development training that will lead them to receive $ 500 in start up grants upon completion.
As of 5 August, $710 million has been mobilised for the Somalia operation, of which $527 million has been channeled through the Humanitarian Response Plan and $183 million for activities outside the appeal.
Additionally, the FSC confirmed that a rural safety net program of the Federal Government of Somalia, “Baxnano,' continued to reach 200,000 chronically poor rural households  ( 1.2 million people )  across 21 districts, providing predictable cash transfers of 20 USD per month in value since 2018. Similarly, an urban safety net program in Mogadishu is continuing to reach 20,833 poor urban and protracted IDP households  ( 125,000 people )  with 35 USD per month  ( equivalent to 50 percent of the normal Minimum Expenditure Basket ) .
Radios and mobile phones are widely available   it is estimated that 90 per cent of people in Somalia own a mobile phone, while 75 percent listen to the radio on a weekly basis.
Based on below normal livestock holdings combined with eroding livestock to rice terms of trade, many poor pastoral households have difficulty affording both their essential food and non food needs. In central pastoral livelihood zones, where livestock holdings are lowest, most poor households are in Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 ) .
The ICT market consists of 11 operators, but teledensity stands at only seven per cent, with the proportion of internet users at just over one per cent. At the same time, most rural areas of the country still lack reliable mobile network and internet accessibility
[ PRE EXISTING VULNERABILITIES ]  75% households reporting having been displaced for longer than one year
Attributed to food scarcity and chronic issues such as disease and inadequate access to health and nutrition services, malnutrition rates are high
The collateral impact of attacks in populated places such as in Mogadishu, organized by armed groups, continues to cause casualties among civilians and humanitarian personnel. Heavy restrictions and fines are imposed by AS for those refusing to comply with taxation requirements, including forcing the recruitment of children. Those seeking to leave AS controlled territories, and those who have fled to government controlled areas, are often subject to retaliatory attacks. Gathering information regarding the humanitarian context in these areas, as well as areas controlled by Islamic State  ( IS ) , is difficult, and harder to verify.
In July, 55 women  ( 35 Hageisa and 20 in Baidoa )  entrepreneurs previously trained by UNHCR continued with the production and selling of Non Clinical Masks in Baidoa.
Somalia is a home to 2.6 million IDPs living in over 2,300 IDP sites in urban and peri urban areas. Over 80 per cent of the IDP sites are informal settlements on private land while 74 per cent of them are in urban areas. In addition, close to 3,000 refugees and asylum seekers live in Somalia, mostly from Yemen and Ethiopia.
[ PRE EXISTING VULNERABILITIES ]  7% households with a vulnerable primary income earner
Over 60 per cent of IDP households are women headed. Overall, women and girls living in sub standard and overcrowded shelters are particularly vulnerable. They tend not to feel safe in makeshift shelters which do not offer privacy and protection from weather elements and increase the risk of genderbased violence.
In the North, including parts of Guban, East Golis, Hawd, and Northern Inland Pastoral livelihood zones, significant humanitarian assistance is leading to Stressed!  ( IPC Phase 2! ) . In other northern pastoral areas and Southern Inland Pastoral livelihood zone of Gedo, livestock holdings are relatively better and Stressed  ( IPC Phase 2 )  outcomes are likely. Conversely, poor households in most southern pastoral areas are experiencing Minimal  ( IPC Phase 1 )  acute food insecurity due to normal to above normal livestock holdings, sufficient milk for consumption and sales, and high terms of trade for the sale of one goat.
In Baidoa, prices of imported food items such as rice, sugar, wheat flour and pasta slightly increased  ( <5% )  compared to last week. This is due to low supply from upstream markets.
676 persons in different locations received various livelihood support. In Hargeisa 117 youths were enrolled for technical vocational training  ( TVET )  while 104 youths received training on small scale business  ( SSB ) .
The impact of almost three decades of civil war, since 1991, has stunted the country's overall development. With limited institutional and fiscal capacity, Somalia is facing many challenges to maintain and expand its public infrastructure – roads, electricity, water and sanitation – and develop the regulatory, governance and financing frameworks that could significantly improve the situation in the country
Due to its proximity to strategic maritime transportation routes as well as opportunities coming from neighbouring and growing economies, the development of ports in Somalia is key for regional and international trade
An estimated 220,000 displaced people were forcibly evicted from January to October 2019. Of these, some 139,000 people were evicted in Mogadishu alone. On average, more than 155,000 people have been evicted across Somalia every year since 2015, and over 11,000 IDPs are, on average, evicted every month   with many having been subjected to multiple evictions.
According to the results of the 2019 post deyr IDP household survey, 18 percent of the total IDP population of 2.6 million were in Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  or Emergency  ( IPC Phase 4 ) . In urban areas, nearly 1.7 million people were also in Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  or Emergency  ( IPC Phase 4 ) . More than 75 percent of urban households in Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  were located in Burao, Hargeisa, Kismayo, and Mogadishu. The magnitude of the IDP and urban population in Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  or Emergency  ( ICP Phase 4 )  has most likely risen.
Since food purchases typically comprise 75 percent of their total expenditures, poor urban households are especially vulnerable to a loss in income or purchasing power. Further, many IDPs have weak social and family/clan connections and struggle to access social support, which would typically offer vital forms of assistance in times of need
While staple food prices have so far remained near the fiveyear average, a rising trend is observed as markets begin to anticipate a below average harvest in July. In Baidoa, which is a key cereal market for both regions, a kilogram of red sorghum rose 12 percent between the first  ( SOS 5,200 )  and fourth  ( SOS 5,800 )  weeks of June. The June sorghum price is nine percent higher than June 2019, which was also a poor gu crop production season, but is eight percent below the five year average. As a result, the daily wage to sorghum terms of trade in Baidoa started to fall from 20 kg per daily wage in May to nearly 18 kg in June, which is near the five year average
Bureaucratic impediments continue to be a problem for humanitarian access and operations. To date, there have been 13 incidents of administrative impediments reported. These include arbitrary taxation, demanded by the authorities to participate in the contracting of suppliers and service providers for aid organizations, and interference in staff recruitment.
2.6 million IDPs have been displaced by conflict, insecurity and/or drought, and are currently living in about 2,000 IDP sites across Somalia. The majority of these are informal settlements on private land in urban areas.
The decline in supply, combined with panic buying at the onset of the pandemic in March and a seasonal increase in demand during Ramadan, drove retail prices 8 20 percent above 2019 and roughly up to 40 percent above the five year average. The steepest price increases occurred in Hargeysa and the Northeast. In the Northeast, depreciation of the SOS exacerbated the impact of supply and demand factors on the retail price. Northern and central Somalia depend on imported staple food items, while domestic supplies are more important in the South.
Among these, the World Bank funded Somalia Urban Investment Planning Project  ( SUIPP ) , implemented by UNOPS, is entering preimplementation phase, and will redevelop several roads within the urban areas of Kismayo, for a total of about 32km.
Education partners have introduced shift learning, as the number of classrooms are insufficient. The programme will ensure a safe learning environment for learners and comply with the COVID 19 regulations, which require social distancing in school. In addition, education partners have constructed 529 learning centres to expand access to education for learners. Since all schools reopened mid August, the construction of additional learning spaces will help those who have not yet re enrolled to safely return to school as well as mitigate congestion in classrooms. The Ministry of Education, with support from the cluster partners has developed back to school messages for safe school reopening and for general information to the community on control and prevention measures of the COVID19. The messages were communicated through print, radio, television, and social media platforms.
Under the Midnimo Project IOM and UN Habitat are implementing one of the main axes to the Midnimo Village, with a total span of 3.6km.
Medium to high goat births occurred during the 2020 gu, driving modest growth in herd sizes among poor households in some livelihood zones. Low cattle and camel calving occurred in most areas, since medium to high conceptions already occurred in the 2019 deyr and the gestation period is 9 12 months. However, pastoral livelihoods in the Northwest  ( excluding Guban Pastoral ) , Hawd Pastoral of Hiiraan, and Southern Inland Pastoral livelihood zones reported medium camel births, while agropastoral households in Bay and Bakool reported low to medium cattle births. Despite some growth, herd sizes remain below baseline levels in most north central pastoral livelihood zones
only eight  ( 8 )  ports in Somalia were estimated to remain at current level of restrictions for less than 14 days.
Around 2.8 million persons of concern, particularly 2.6 million IDPs remain the most vulnerable, many of whom have not recovered or restored their livelihood from the 2019 Deyr floods.
Riverine flooding has displaced more people and inundated farmland in southern areas of Somalia.
Increased psychological distress is brought about by the immediate impact of the pandemic  ( such as fear, infection, death or loss of loved ones and consequences of physical distancing )  and other consequences like loss of livelihoods, being separated from families and caregivers, restriction of movements and access to basic services.
The ongoing risk of desert locust damage to pasture in this livelihood zone could also exacerbate the situation, while limited control capacity due to clan conflict could further constrain access to pasture and water.
Stressed  ( IPC Phase 2 )  outcomes are currently being sustained, but an increasing number of poor households are falling into Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 ) .
On 10 April, following government directives, authorities in Gedo region close border crossings with Kenya and Ethiopia until further notice.
Finally, there is a need to ensure that refugees, asylum seekers and refugee returnees have sufficient access to basic and domestic items and provision of shelter kits, dignity kits and core relief item kits, either in kind or through cash based interventions.
In 2020, UNICEF is appealing for US$ 129.1 million to sustain the provision of life saving services including critical nutrition, health, WASH, child protection and education in emergency interventions, as well as cash based assistance for women and children in Somalia. Continued predictable, flexible and timely donor support is critical to sustaining vital response activities and preventing further deterioration of the situation.
The Logistics Cluster continues to facilitate air transportation, jointly through UNHAS, of COVID 19 supplies on behalf of the Ministry of Health  ( MoH )  and key health partners. Over 82 MT of COVID 19 related cargo has been transported to various regions across the country. Some additional 140 MT have been transported as part of the response to the recent floods in the country.
The Somalia locust response requires US$56.9 million of which $49.6 million has been received.
UNICEF and partners engage with the Ministry of Humanitarian Affairs and Disaster Management  ( MoHADM )  on strengthening collaboration mechanisms for humanitarian response.
665,000 people were displaced across Somalia between January and October 2019. In October alone, the number of displaced people more than doubled, with 363,000 people displaced, mainly due to floods, in addition to the 302,000 people displaced in the first three quarters of the year. On the other hand, conflict induced displacement has decreased by 45 per cent, with 176,000 people displaced compared to the 320,000 people displaced by conflict and insecurity over the same period in 2018.
The face to face Cash Transfer training for 50 mobilized volunteers  ( by ( Surveillance Research and Communication Support )  did not take place due to Covid 19 travel restrictions.
Since late June, almost 198,000 people have been affected by riverine and flash floods in Hirshabelle, South West and Jubaland states, as well as Banadir region, and among those affected, approximately 130,000 people have been displaced from their homes.
Out of the total 3.1 million people in need of health services, 1.4 million non IDPs and 1 million IDPs are considered in need of urgent support through maternal healthcare, treatment for communicable diseases and clinical support for health complications in children under the age of five.
Somalia experienced a large scale drought in 2016/17, leaving an estimated 6.7 million people in urgent need of humanitarian assistance.
[ HEALTH LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  23% of the households of non IDP settlements reported that it takes less than 15 minutes to reach to the nearest health facility by foot while 45%, 20%,5% of the households of non IDP settlements reported it takes 15 30 minutes, 30 60minutes and 1 3hours to reach to the nearest health facility by foot respectively. Only 2% of the households of non IDP settlements reported that it takes more than 3 hours to reach to the nearest health facility by foot .
WFP undertook the transportation of the food rations in July to the noted four locations, awaiting distribution by UNHCR and partners next month.
As reported by women and girls in all the sites there are no main markets in the sites where they can find adequate products and services. However, 3 sites  ( Bilcil, Dildilshi and Caarshe )  can reach the main market in Dhahar which is 4km away where they can access adequate services and products.
[ HEALTH LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Three most commonly reported problems encountered when accessing health services or treatment: Cost of services and/or medicine was too high  ( 56% ) , did not get qualified health staff at the health facility  ( 25% )  and have not tried to access medical services  ( 19% ) .
The Federal Ministry of Health  ( FMoH )  in partnership with Nomad Innovation laboratory has set up a COVID 19 dashboard for real data monitoring. Since March, the Federal Government and members states have initiated a number of responses to coronavirus.
There has also been a devastating upsurge in locust invasions with swarms swiftly moving across the country destroying crops as they go and posing a huge threat to food security.
IOM and UN HABITAT are using cash transfers to support local initiatives to provide subsidized water, shelter/NFIs, reintegration support, cash for work initiatives, etc. for identified vulnerable groups.
According to WHO, the campaign was also an opportunity for health workers to remind parents of the simple measures required to prevent the spread of the coronavirus. It will be followed later in October by a second, house to house round of the response campaign that will cover more than 1.6 million children in the southern and central regions of Somalia. Another immunization campaign is currently ongoing in the capital of Jubaland, Kismayo, in response to a measles outbreak there, targeting 60,000 children under the age of five.
Some 2.6 million IDPs face serious risk of evictions, marginalisation and exclusion in over 2,000 displacement sites across the country, and lack access to basic services  ( such as health ) , shelter, water and sanitation.
[ HEALTH LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Most commonly reported illnesses or injuries household members of non IDP settlements had in the past two weeks prior to data collection were fever ( 8% ) , Diarrhea  ( 2% ) , Cough with fast or difficult breathing  ( 1% ) , skin infections  ( 4% ) , eye infections  ( 2% ) .
In March, large scale clashes occurred between the Somali National Army and Jubbaland forces in Beled Xaawo town, Gedo region, that reportedly resulted in the deaths of five civilians and the displacement of nearly 50,000 persons.
According to the Somalia Food Security Cluster  ( FSC ) , humanitarian food assistance increased from 0.7 million people per month from January to March 2020 to 1.6 million in April and 2.3 million in May
The Health Cluster together with WHO and UNICEF carried out capacity building sessions as part of COVID 19 response efforts for Community Health Workers  ( CHWs )  and partners, with sessions on Infection Prevention Control  ( IPC ) , Case Management, Maintaining of Essential Health Services during the COVID 19 response; as well as aspects of WASH as an important factor on COVID 19 infection prevention and control.
Flooding in 2020 directly affected at least 548,339 people and displaced 279,108 people in nine regions within sixteen districts; exposing the affected population with acute health risks as a result of the Gu rainy season flooding.
A large proportion of the people in need are located in southern and central Somalia. 220,000 are in Banadir  ( Dharkenley, Khada, Daynile and Heliwa districts )  and 149,000 are in Baidoa, a large proportion of them IDPs  ( 59 per cent and 49 per cent respectively ) .
Somalia remains one of the poorest countries in the world. More than half of the population lives below the poverty line, surviving on less than $2 per day.
Sample collections in Marka were delayed for some time due to challenge in transport to the national laboratory for confirmation.
[ NUTRITION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  100% of IDP settlement and 76% of non IDP settlement households found with a nutrition Living Standard Gaps  ( LSG ) .
[ NUTRITION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Among households of IDP settlements with children, 10% household reported their child ( ren )  having been enrolled in a nutritional centre/therapeutic feeding centre in the 6 months prior to data collection while 12% household of non IDP settlements with children reported their child ( ren )  having been enrolled in a nutritional centre/therapeutic feeding centre in the 6 months prior to data collection.
In Rabdhure, there is unavailability of clean water; the nearest source of water is Yeed, approximately 55 Km from Rabdhure by water trucks.
[ EDUCATION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  The most commonly reported types of education facilities attended were Primary mixed school for boys and girls  ( 25% ) , Quranic school for boys  ( 24% ) , Quranic school for girls  ( 18% )  and Secondary mixed school for boys and girls  ( 12% ) .
In 2020, UNICEF continued to respond to emerging humanitarian needs of vulnerable populations including IDPs, their host communities and others affected by drought, floods, conflict and AWD/cholera outbreaks. UNICEF Somalia focused on immediate short term interventions for ensuring availability of life saving assistance but with a strong focus on building resilience and sustainable systems, support to government structures and local communities.
UNHCR post return monitoring data suggests that a high proportion of refugee returnees live in housing they do not own, are squatting or have no documentation; this leads to protection concerns, including housing insecurity and risk of eviction.
• Improve camp design and layout to reduce overcrowding and provide safe spaces for living. Because of the lack of land available in Baidoa, this needs to be accompanied by advocacy for public land use to reduce eviction risks
There are currently an estimated 2.6 million internally displaced persons  ( IDPs )  in Somalia,10 with approximately 1.6 million people being displaced since November 2016 alone,11 and a further quarter million newly displaced people between January and July 2019.
Housing, land and property  ( HLP )  partners assisted a total of 966 IDPs with services and information regarding eviction. Additionally, 3,434 IDPs were protected from eviction through preventive engagement with stakeholders.
Reduce the risks exposed to women and girls when looking firewood through distribution of firewood or community patrolling. Distribution of fuel efficiency stove would help women to reduce fuel consumption and reduce risk of fire.
The main reasons why damaged shelters are not repaired are a lack of money  ( 58 per cent of those reporting damage to their shelters )  and lack of materials  ( 36 per cent )  across all population groups.
Similarly, shelter and NFI items remain unaffordable to many, leaving people to resort to coping mechanisms such as scavenging for NFIs, borrowing cash, living with others and moving from one location to another.
The JMCNA reports that over 26 per cent of all households lack basic non food items. The priority NFI needs reported by the population are sleeping mats  ( 55 per cent ) , blankets  ( 38 per cent )  and kitchen utensils  ( 31 per cent ) 192.
Beneficiary selection for 750 flood affected persons in Merca, Lower Shabelle region, was undertaken in July but inaccessible roads from the floods have delayed the transportation of the relief items to next month.
IDP camps are usually under serviced with inadequate clean water and sanitation, and limited access to health care.
[ WATER, SANITATION & HYGIENE  ( WASH )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  89% of the household found with WASH living Standard Gap  ( LSG ) . 22% found to be very extremely+ severe, 29% extreme severe, 38% severe, 8% stress, 3% no or minimal.
In July alone, the UNHCR led Protection Return Monitoring Network recorded a staggering 158,000 new displacements in Somalia.
Based on early depletion of gu stocks and a decline in income, poor households are most likely to experience food consumption gaps indicative of Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  and Serious  ( GAM WHZ 10 14.9 percent )  levels of acute malnutrition. In contrast, southern Bay Bakool Low Potential Agropastoral and Sorghum High Potential Agropastoral livelihood zones are expected to remain Stressed  ( IPC Phase 2 ) , though some poor households may be in Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 ) .
They have further protected feed and pasture sources needed by 85,069 pastoral households to keep their livestock productive. Out of the $56.9 million required for the locust response, $50.4 million had been received as of 10 November.
IOM launched the second phase of its mentorship project for the Immigration and Naturalization Directorate  ( IND ) . IOM conducted pre assessments for the Finance and Administration departments who commenced their second round of mentorship training. Funded by the government of Norway, this training builds upon the first phase of the mentorship programme and is intended to strengthen the sustainability of IND's capacity building that has been delivered in previous years. In the course of the next four months and with the support of IOM, mentors will be organizing workshops and trainings for their mentees, to address specific training and soft skills development needed for effective service delivery within the selected units of the IND.
Large gaps are reported in Marka and Wanla Weyn districts: In Marka 30 per cent of the flood affected people  ( 1,800 households )  require food assistance, 50 per cent  ( 3,000 households )  are in need of WASH supplies and 99 per cent  ( 4915 households )  are in need of Emergency Shelter Kits whereas 84 per cent  ( 4165 households )  are in need of NFI support. In Wanla Weyn, 40 per cent  ( 1,976 households )  need food assistance, 90 per cent  ( 4487 households )  need NFI support and 50 per cent  ( 2,400 households )  need WASH assistance.
An estimated 15 per cent of the global population are persons with disabilities, 10 per cent of whom are children.
Older persons over 60 are a group that experience increasing challenges in accessing basic, critical healthcare services due to lack of accessibility to the physical environment, lack of accessible information, and increased discriminatory behaviours, neglect and exclusion
UNHCR has been providing core relief items  ( NFIs )  such as blankets, jerry cans and plastic sheets, as well as shelter and cash to thousands of affected families.
[ EDUCATION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  95% of households found with an education LSG. 95% found to be severe, 2% stress, 3% no or minimal.
Unaccompanied and separated children received family tracing and reunification services including alternative care support with 367 children realizing their fundamental right to a family in September.
As highlighted in the UN's global response plan, “fiscal stimulus at a large scale is required with targeted measures aimed at providing assistance to individuals hit hardest.' The UN and partners will scale up and expand resilient, pro poor, and gender responsive cash transfer programmes. The use of mobile money will be especially critical, given restricted access and movement into and within the country.
[ EDUCATION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Education LSGs were found to be primarily driven by Households with school aged children who reported barriers to accessing education for boys  ( 91% )  , Households with school aged children who reported barriers to accessing education for girls  ( 91% ) .
The Risk Communication and Community Engagement  ( RCCE )  task force comprising of Government entities, UN agencies, NGOs, media partners and AMISOM has been instrumental in raising COVID 19 awareness, dispelling rumours and countering stigma.
[ EDUCATION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  93% of IDP settlement and 96% of non IDP settlement households found with a Education Living Standard Gaps  ( LSG ) .
More than 360,000 people were displaced in Somalia due to recent floods and were in need of emergency shelter and NFI. Most of the displaced people have returned and are in need of shelter rehabilitation and reconstruction.
As returns to areas of origin remain precarious due to ongoing conflict and loss of livelihood due to environmental shocks, IDPs continue to be reliant on humanitarian aid and unable to re establish their lives outside of displacement sites.
Somalia has 3,106 confirmed cases of COVID 19, 93 deaths, and 1,444 recoveries
Major challenges facing local partners include limited supplies already prepositioned in the regions as roads become partially impassable and humanitarian flights limited due to COVID 19 restrictions.
The same trend is observed in access to care and treatment of acute malnutrition with JMCNA data showing that 15 per cent of IDP households with malnourished children reported receiving treatment compared to 21 per cent of non displaced households with malnourished children .
The shelter sector is severely underfunded with only 14% of the funding requirement received by end of December.
Critical clusters remain underfunded despite continuous donor support. The Health cluster is only 23 per cent funded, and Water, Sanitation and Hygiene  ( WASH )  cluster is below 40 per cent.
[ Accountability to Affected Populations ] 7% of households reported having received aid in the 30 days prior to data collection
Even in the presence of sustained humanitarian food assistance, most IDP and poor urban households are facing food consumption gaps indicative of Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 ) .
About 90 per cent of the country's primary roads need reconstruction. Only 2,860 kilometres  ( 13 per cent )  of 11,434 kilometres' worth of road is paved, the rest are earthen or gravel. The current status of transport infrastructure severely limits market and service availability, both across the country and internationally, and is further exacerbated by insecurity. This includes roads, ports and airports
Weak institutional capacity further hinders the ability of federal, state, regional, and district authorities to expand the public sector and develop an adequate network of infrastructure to respond to the needs of a relatively young, growing, and urbanising population as well as the large scale movements of displaced households.
A Master Plan for the development of the city of Kismayo was commissioned to a private company by the Government of Jubaland.The resulting document presents an ambitious plan for the extension of the city, with a huge infrastructure provision, the identification of several productive areas and the extension of port and airport
Somalia has about 4.5 million school aged children and of these, 35 per cent of girls and 41 per cent of boys are enrolled in school, according to the Joint Multi Cluster Needs Assessment  ( JMCNA )  conducted across Somalia64. Approximately 3 million school aged children are out of schools
[ Accountability to Affected Populations ]  17% of households reported having received aid in the 30 days prior to data collection.
Recurrent climate and non climatic shocks undermine efforts to improve living conditions and achieve resilience  ( in the country )
The Federal government is committed to containing the spread of the Coronavirus infection in the country and would continue with its efforts to enforce preventive measures to stop the spread of the disease.
Efforts to protect health and nutrition services and systems during the crisis are being scaled up following a two pronged approach. Targeted support is being provided for the continuity of essential, lifesaving services, while complementary investments in health systems recovery, preparedness and strengthening at all levels of government are being made now and should continue into the recovery phase.
It calls upon members of the public to work with the government by complying with the health directives aimed at protecting the safety of the public. Students returning to school are required to follow Ministry of Health guidelines including social distancing, wearing face masks and gloves. School compounds have been cleaned, disinfected, and hand washing facilities installed.
In Puntland, C4D interventions focused on increasing the awareness about the importance of routine immunization . A total of 3,340 caregivers were reached with immunization messages, 240 radio spots aired, 793 defaulters identified of whom 189 were vaccinated. In addition, 2,298 caregivers were sensitized on general health, nutrition, COVID 19 and WASH, and 926 were provided hand washing demonstrations.
Significant water supply and sanitation gaps exists in all floods affected districts. Limited funding hampers partner's capacity to address the critical WASH gaps due to the ongoing Hagaa floods.
Health cluster partners benefited from the Somalia Humanitarian Funding  ( SHF )  pool. The fund, totaling to $1,000,000 for both integrated and health specific response was tailored to respond to the floods situation in the country caused by the Gu seasonal rainfall.
Humanitarian partners are responding to health needs of 107,900 people in flood affected regions, driven by displacement of population in Beletwayne, Jawhar, Balcad, Marka, Afgoye, Wanlawayn, and Baidoa and concerns over water borne disease and other health threats including increased risk of COVID 19. A number of partners have been able to move services closer to the displaced population, others are facing funding challenges, ending several projects and limiting surge capacity to meet the increased case load.
As the pandemic continues to hinder hygiene promotion messaging through household visits, UNICEF supported partners to provided messaging through vehicle mounted loudspeakers and local radios to broadcast hygiene promotion messages
Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  outcomes are expected in northern Bay Bakool Low Potential Agropastoral livelihood zone, where food and income sources are poorly diversified.
UNICEF supported vulnerable and marginalized girls and boys, including IDPs, to access inclusive education services in 2020. There were 64,840 children who were supported with a comprehensive education package that included safe and protective learning spaces, training for teachers and school feeding. It also addressed the protection and safety needs for children by providing protection services including psychosocial support, child protection support and violence prevention and awareness creation to sensitize communities on children's safety.Training for 776 teachers was undertaken in pedagogic/psychosocial skills and supported with incentives to ensure the teachers were retained in schools
WHO also helped upgrade the testing capacity of these three laboratories further so they could automate the extraction of viral RNA from samples, which is a vital step in testing for the virus.
In April and May, WFP trained mothers and caregivers on the family Mid Upper Arm Circumference  ( MUAC ) . The training equipped them with skills and knowledge on the use of MUAC, placing them at the center of screening to detect the earliest signs of malnutrition in children. By the end of August, 82 percent of WFP's cooperating partners had transitioned from community health workers led MUAC screening to mother led MUAC screening. This has resulted in mothers being at the forefront in promoting the health of their children. This has also limited any unintended infections during the COVID 19 pandemic.
As part of the project, WHO trained and deployed 100 rapid response and medical mobile teams; replenished emergency medical supplies to provide life saving health care to 113 300 patients and enhanced risk communication and coordination activities. In addition, indoor residual spraying  ( IRS )  campaigns were conducted in the target districts in efforts to minimize vector borne diseases. The project targeted 170 869 direct beneficiaries, including 22 822 IDPs, in Galkayo and Hobyo districts in Galmudug state, Beletweyne and Jowhar districts in Hirshabelle state, Afmadow, Dolow and Kismayo districts in Jubaland state, Qardho district in Puntland, Zeylac district in Somaliland and Afgooye, Baidoa and Marka districts in South West states.
Additionally, jointly with WFP's Humanitarian Air Service  ( UNHAS ) , the cluster supported the transportation of MoH medical teams, blood samples and COVID 19 medical supplies to key locations across Somalia
[ PRE EXISTING VULNERABILITIES ]  83% households with an age dependency ratio greater than 0.8
[ PRE EXISTING VULNERABILITIES ]  33% households with at least one pregnant and/or lactating woman.
The desert locust infestation has affected around 685,000 persons mainly in Somaliland, Puntland and Galmudug, impacting food security for at least 200,000 people, according to FAO
An estimated 1.6 million people have been affected by floods in 2020, including 35 killed and 840,000 displaced, according to protection monitoring partners
The information management assessment working group  ( IMAWG )  is tasked with the implementation of monitoring assessments, including effective coordination and cooperation between clusters and OCHA. Both the ICCG and IMAWG will be further focused on concrete, results based analyses of the CPRP aligned with the HRP strategic objectives. This will be done through increased usage and continued growth of the online Response, Planning and Monitoring tool  ( RPM ) , as well as a syncing of projects with the Financial Tracking Service  ( FTS )  and the Projects Module. The CPRP as well as the HRP data is currently collected from local partners, and then delivered upwards through a monthly reporting system.
In addition to poor access to services and humanitarian assistance, older persons face a significant risk of indirect consequences from the crisis i.e. increased levels of violence, abuse and neglect due to heightened household tensions.
To provide additional storage capacity for MoH, the cluster loaned and installed a mobile storage unit, which was set up in Mogadishu Airport  ( AAIA ) .
UNHCR has extended conditional cash transfers to targeted vulnerable households for purchasing health/sanitary materials  ( soap, gloves, masks )  and/or accessing health care services.
Acute food security crisis in Somalia is protracted. From 2012 to 2019, an average of 3 million Somalis were classified as IPC 2  ( stressed )  and 1.6 million people faced severe food insecurity  ( IPC Phase 3  ( crisis )  and above ) .
There has been a rise in requests for youth community spaces within IDP sites
Already anticipated economic consequences include reduced export revenue, severely reduced employment and livelihood opportunities, including reduction in human mobility intra and inter regionally, and reduced remittances.
School closures put children at higher risk of violence and other forms of abuse as well as increase the likelihood of pregnancy and child marriage.
In 2020, floods were the main reason for people leaving their area of origin or previous location  ( 73 per cent ) , followed by insecurity  ( 17 per cent )  and drought  ( 7 per cent ) .
70 Handwashing stations were set up at strategic locations in Abudwaq and COVID 19 information materials were portrayed at 20 targeted locations in Abudwaq town and IDP sites.
Globally, even the strongest health systems are overwhelmed as a result of the COVID 19 pandemic. When health systems are unable to cope, deaths from preventable or treatable conditions can easily exceed deaths related to the pandemic. In Somalia, weak and fragmented health options are already under resourced and underequipped to meet the need of the Somali people.
Due to the nature of the protracted crises and donor fatigue through the years and with the current pandemic, the Mental health and psychosocial support  ( MHPSS ) sector is often not funded sufficiently.
These laboratories have the capacity to test over 2400 samples a day which can be increased further, if required, and so far they have tested over 24 000 samples for COVID 19.
There were about 2.3 million people in need of Shelter and NFIs assistance at the beginning of the year. Most of them are IDPs.
23% of complaints in Awbaale IDP site for the month of August were also related to protection concerns with site support recommended by general protection and GBV actors.
However, almost half of all funding provided  ( $35.8 million )  has been for distribution across multiple clusters or a cluster has not yet been specified. In total, $150.7 million is still required to meet the immediate health and humanitarian needs of people in Somalia affected by COVID 19
Key to the education response is promotion of equity by reaching the most vulnerable children, including girls, difficult to reach children, displaced, refugee and returnee children, pastoralists, those from the poorest families  ( urban/rural ) , and children with disabilities among others. UNICEF is working with the Ministries of Education  ( MoEs )  and other partners on three key intervention areas: 1 )  enhancing the education system level response to the pandemic, 2 )  support the planning, implementation and risk communications around safe school reopening, especially for girls, and 3 )  enhanced knowledge sharing and capacity building both for the current response and future pandemics
UNICEF and UNHCR also assist MoEs to develop distance learning packages to enable children's continuous learning through different modalities, inclusive of radio, online and social media. Refugee university students enrolled in the Albert Einstein German Academic Refugee Initiative Fund  ( DAFI )  program continue with studies through online learning methods. UNHCR works with Save the Children on pro active alternative learning methods to ensure completion of the study term at the secondary and upper primary levels and continues to fund tuition for persons of concern enrolled in private schools who receive alternate learning.
An additional 2.9 million people are expected to be under food stress, bringing the total number of people facing acute food insecurity to 5.6 million.
While multi purpose cash has exceeded its requirements, all other clusters continue to experience substantial shortfalls. Health is the next best covered cluster, with 42 per cent of its funding needs met, followed by Protection  ( 36 per cent )  and CCCM  ( 32 per cent ) .
The CCCM cluster established a standardized complaints feedback mechanism  ( CFM )  in July 2020.
Retail prices of local cereals  ( white maize, red and white sorghum )  are stable in most markets compared to last week except in Adado and Galkayo markets where prices increased slightly by less than 5%
Security and access challenges in Somalia, including attacks on humanitarian workers, continue to limit the ability to reach people in need.
Commercial flights to some affected areas remain limited partly due to COVID 19 restrictions on movement, leaving thousands of people without access to assistance.
Four national aid workers were killed in three separate armed attacks between 27 and 31 October in Afgooye, Banadir and Qansax Dheere districts in South West State.
Preliminary results suggest that 96.1 per cent  ( 1,337,974 )  of the target population was reached with vaccines. This included 9,792 children who had never received a polio vaccine previously.
The health response has been complicated by the impact and restrictions related to the COVID 19 pandemic, which has disrupted polio surveillance and eradication programs and outbreak controls
WHO continued to procure and deliver consumable laboratory items and equipment to the above mentioned four PCR laboratories. Laboratory consumable items and equipment were distributed to the four PCR testing laboratories in Mogadishu, Hargeysa and Garowe.
MHPSS messages on managing fear and anxiety, prevention and reduction of stigma, promotion of psychosocial well being are continuously disseminated at health facilities and communities by Psychosocial support Pillar actors.
Last week some villages in Burco such as Nasiya and Bisiqa received light rains, however, there is water scarcity throughout Somaliland, water trucking is ongoing in Togdheer, Sool and Sanaag regions. In addition, there are minimal price increases  ( <5% )  compared to last week
In the absence of planned and likely food assistance, which has played a critical role in preventing worse outcomes on the area level or on the household level, households will be more likely to engage in unsustainable livestock sales to purchase food or will face food consumption gaps
Over the past 6 months, WHO has reached over 249 000 people through the shipment of 151 tons of essential supplies.
Health care visits to Somali Red Crescent clinics by children under five and pregnant women dropped by more than 50 percent from approximately 181,000 medical consultations in the first seven months of 2019 to nearly 83,000 in the same period this year. Vaccination coverage for children against diphtheria, hepatitis B, tetanus and whooping cough declined from 77 percent in 2019 to 56 percent in June 2020, according to the World Health Organization.
In Somaliland, the situation has improved in some parts of Sool and Sanaag, where sustainable solutions for water started to be implemented two years ago. However, important needs persist in parts of Saanag  ( Ceerigabo and Laasqoray ) , Sool  ( Caynabo and Xundun ) , Togdheere  ( Burco )  and Awdal  ( Borama ) . IDPs represent 32 per cent of the total WASH needs. The highest number of IDPs in need of wash support are in Afgooye  ( Lower Shabelle ) , Afmadow shelter but often also involves the loss of livelihood assets, disruption of social support networks and coping strategies.
The Protection cluster is the most underfunded  ( 16 per cent ) , yet it is a crucial for the prevention of gender based violence, which has been on the rise due to compromised living conditions.