nlp-thedeep/humsetbias huggingface dataset:
An additional four rapid response teams were deployed in hard to reach areas, including in one team to Mabior, Manyiel, of Gakrol Payam, a second team in Alueel and Thuryeth of Tiar Aliet Payam, a third team providing services in Amacrol, Mocdit of Wathmuok Payam and fourth team in Mayomlac, Dokul of Nyoc Awany Payam to provide rapid nutrition scale up response. More than 1,500 vulnerable families were supported with kitchen gardening and demonstration farm with an aim to improve their diet diversification.
Health partners rehabilitated and restocked PHCUs in Makuei Alel, Nyieth, Akec and Ayai, in addition to rehabilitation of two cold chain facilities was completed. Health Cluster partners reached more than 966 people with PHCU and mobile outreach support in Nayacawany and Wathmuok Payam in Aweil South County.
Ten PHCUs are operational across Aweil South, providing essential health services and adequate essential drugs and health supplies/kits have been pre positioned in all 9 health centres in Aweil South. During the reporting period, 3121 consultations were provided, including 1,883 that were curative. In addition, Health Cluster partners were provided 28 IEHK  (  Interagency Emergency Health Kit  )  , a Severe Acute Malnutrition for Medical Complication in Children kit  ( SAM MC )  and 15 pneumonia kits since the beginning of the response scale up.
The general food distribution caseload increased from 27,800 to 50,100 to scale up the response during the lean season period. To date, 12,000 HHs were reached with livelihoods support and cluster partners vaccinated more than 205,000 livestock and some 9,400 livestock were treated in Aweil South County. Partners indicated that there are signs of market prices stabilizing and food availability is observed to have improved.
Nutrition sensitive interventions focusing on WASH and health mobile services are needed.
Communal fighting impacted nutrition services delivery, and community nutrition volunteers'  ( CNVs )  movements were hampered in Nyikaan and Wechgoak payams.
At the time of writing, road access to Akobo Town remains impassable. Humanitarians are completely reliant on air asset support for the delivery of critical supplies during the dry season and to support pre positioning efforts ahead of the rainy season. Work along the Bor Manyabol Pajut Pathai Walgak road route is ongoing to access Akobo West. Roads between Walgak in Akobo West and Akobo town remain impassable.
Based on the IPC projections for December to March 2021, an estimated 187,000 people face crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  or higher levels of food insecurity  ( or 85 per cent of the population of Akobo County )  with an estimated 11,000 people likely to face catastrophe levels of acute food insecurity  ( IPC Phase 5 )  in Akobo County.
Critical gaps in child protection and GBV services, including case management and referral networks for protection services is foreseen as funding for many interventions finishes at the end of March 2021
Insecurity on roads continues to disrupt critical life saving service provision in Gumuruk and Mewun. On 15 March, an incident along the Pibor Gumuruk road prompted a temporary suspension of movement for humanitarians. Tensions calmed and movements restarted. Reports of community fighting in Mewun Payam impacted the delivery of services and supplies.
WASH Cluster partners supported the operationalization of a Surface Water Treatment system in Gumuruk to serve 5,500 individuals in GPAA, while 1,080 HHs  ( 7,200 individuals )  received hygiene kit items  ( water purifiers, jerry cans, soaps and buckets ) .
In the reporting period, 1,921 under five children and over 802 pregnant and lactating women were reached with nutritional assistance through 24 static nutritional facilities, 8 outreach sites and 2 stabilization centres in Likuangole, Gumuruk, Vertet, Boma, Maruwo Kassengor and Pibor payams in Pibor County
Registration teams commenced the process to register vulnerable people to be added to the caseload. To date, livelihoods support was provided to over 7600 HH in Pibor, Vertet, Gumuruk and Likuangole payams in Pibor county. Over 74,000 animals have been vaccinated and over 46,000 livestock treated, protecting these livelihoods of more than 1,900 HHs.
A one month food distribution for March is ongoing in Maruwo for 4,969 people. During the remainder of March, distributions are ongoing targeting the remaining households in Pibor
Partners reached 38,467 people in Gumuruk and Likuangole with food rations for March and April
There is a need to ensure continued provision of health, WASH and critical protection services including child protection and gender based violence  ( GBV )  services.
Pre positioning emergency supplies to Pibor, Gumuruk, Likuangole and Vertet is urgently needed before the end of April when the impact of the rains is expected to deteriorate physical access. Procurement and pre positioning of boats are needed to ensure partners have access to people in highly food insecure areas and vulnerable communities once the roads become impassable
If South Sudan's peace deal were again to collapse, external mediators should also prioritise addressing these deeper structural questions in an effort to halt the cycle of conflict.
In October 2020, education was identified as the type of aid most needed by children in one third of almost 2,000 assessed settlements across South Sudan
The closure of schools and all learning institutions followed by COVID 19 had devastating effects on the education of all children including refugees and jeopardized critical gains made over the years. It also exposed them to different forms of gender based violence including forced marriage and teenage pregnancies
Girls are more likely to be excluded from receiving education as parents prefer to send boys to school. This increases the risk of girls ending up in an early marriage
In the wake of persistent fragility and economic crisis, an estimated 3.4 million  ( 51 per cent girls )  school aged children have lack of or inadequate access to education services in 2021. This is a slight increase from the 3.1 million girls and boys in need in 2020.
There is a high probability of flooding again in 2021 and this could lead to more displacement and burden on the CCCM needs of people.
In coordination with humanitarian partners, United Nations Mission in South Sudan  ( UNMISS )  conducted 801 force protection patrols supporting convoys and humanitarian partners, including non governmental organizations. The force also conducted maintenance of several key main supply routes, including the Juba Bor and Mankien Jonglei roads
Due to the upsurge in sub national violence in 2020, especially in Jonglei, Unity, Upper Nile and Warrap and Lakes, displaced people are expected to remain displaced for the foreseeable future. Unless there is adequate coordination of services, the protection concerns, risks and vulnerabilities of displaced people will continue to increase.
Keeping the unity government together requires constant and concerted diplomatic pressure from the leaders of neighbouring countries, who have repeatedly stepped in at critical moments to push the two men to reluctant compromises. These leaders need to stay active in mediating to prevent the unity government from collapsing.
The two South Sudan leaders missed another deadline to form the unity government in November 2019, before regional leaders, headed by the new Khartoum government, brokered Machar's entry into the power sharing arrangement in February 2020.
Khartoum continued to exploit these divisions, supporting proxy and splinter forces against Garang's SPLM across the South, while Garang leveraged regional backing and Western support to amplify his own power internally
No general NFI distribution took place since 2015. The team observed that many shelters have deteriorated significantly and require new shelter material. The demand in NFIs is high across all IDP camps.  [ Melut IDP settlements, Upper Nile ] ,  [ 12 13 January 2021 ]
In 2019, about 17 per cent of girls were enrolled in pre primary, 58 per cent in primary and only 25 per cent of girls received a secondary level education.
The loose alliance that held the ruling party together began to unravel as the clique associated with Kiir's home area and Dinka kin tightened its grip on the levers of government and the party.
Education in the country has been severely impacted by successive years of conflict, economic instability, displacement and widespread flooding.
To verify/identify the cases of orphans, missing, separated and unaccompanied children and initiate an FTR  ( Family tracing and reunification )  process.  [ IRNA Report:  [ Melut IDP settlements, Upper Nile ] ,  [ 12 13 January 2021 ] |
To ensure maximum impact of response, DRC  ( Democratic Republic of the Congo )  recommends household size to be the determining factor for a number of items to be distributed, especially for key items such as blankets and mosquito. A household size of 1 – 5 individuals: receives 1 piece of mosquito net and blanket. A household size of 6 – 7 individuals: receives two pieces of mosquito net and blanket.  [ Melut IDP settlements, Upper Nile ] ,  [ 12 13 January 2021 ]
Mosquito nets: Affected population, the camp structure has highlighted Malaria been the most prevalent ailment in the whole camps, due to the spreading of floods within and the surrounding. The affected population expressed their concerns due to the absence of household mosquito nets, iterating their children and women's worries.  [ Melut IDP settlements, Upper Nile ] ,  [ 12 13 January 2021 ]
The number of children affected by grave violations decreased from 23 to 11  ( four boys and seven girls ) .
To address their immediate needs in food, various coping mechanisms are used by IDPs for survival, including negative. This includes child labour  ( children are seen in markets involved in selling, bringing water, shoe polishing ) , forced marriage, reduction in food consumption. While there were no confirmed reported cases of women providing sex services for food, during the FGDs some women alluded to the fact it takes place in their communities.  [ Melut IDP settlements, Upper Nile ] ,  [ 12 13 January 2021 ] |
IDP communities reported on tensions with host communities who limit their access to livelihood activities  ( farming, fishing ) . Reduction in food rations and suspension of food provision during August February resulted in increased food insecurity among local population. The situation is further aggravated by the deteriorated economic situation, hiking prices at the local markets and loss of jobs by IDPs.  [ Melut IDP settlements, Upper Nile ] ,  [ 12 13 January 2021 ] |
According to the teachers, because of limited food in the camps children loose attention and concentration that negatively results in their knowledge obtained.  [ Melut IDP settlements, Upper Nile ] ,  [ 12 13 January 2021 ] |
As at 1 February, United Nations Mission in South Sudan  ( UNMISS )  recorded 54 Status of Forces Agreement violations compared with 79 in the previous reporting period. Of those, 50 violations involved movement restrictions by the Government, impeding the Mission's ability to implement its mandate.
United Nations Mission in South Sudan  ( UNMISS )  supported the reconstituted Commission and the United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women  ( UN Women )  in convening a workshop in Juba for women leaders on the constitution making process, on 2 and 3 December.
The host community is preventing IDPs from collecting construction Items unless they paid tax.  [ Melut IDP settlements, Upper Nile ] ,  [ 12 13 January 2021 ]
Nutrition services are being provided in the two IDP camps by World Vision International. Both OTP  ( Outpatient Therapeutic Program )  and TSFP  ( Targeted Supplementary Feeding Program )  are functional in.  [ Melut IDP settlements, Upper Nile ] ,  [ 12 13 January 2021 ]
On 28 January, the African Union, Intergovernmental Authority on Development  ( IGAD ) and the reconstituted Joint Monitoring and Evaluation Commission issued a joint statement expressing concern about the slow implementation of the transitional security arrangements and the lack of food, medicine, shelter and separate facilities for women in the training sites. The partners recommended that the Revitalized Transitional Government of National Unity improve conditions, graduate the necessary unified forces and publish their redeployment plan. They also called upon the Presidency to engender the political will across all implementing mechanisms to make up for lost time and implement the transitional security arrangements in letter and spirit.
As at 1 February,United Nations Mission in South Sudan  ( UNMISS )  documented a total of 155 incidents that resulted in at least 376 civilian casualties  ( 251 killed and 125 injured ) , including at least 21 women and 17 children. The incidents were attributed to self defence groups  ( 116 ) ; South Sudan People's Defence Forces  ( SSPDF )  ( 11 ) ; "Sudan People's Liberation Army in Opposition"  ( abbreviated "SPLA IO" )   ( 7 ) ; National Salvation Front  ( South Sudan )   ( 4 ) ; the South Sudan National Police Service  ( 3 ) ; SPLM/A IO Riek Machar defectors affiliated with government forces in Wau  ( 3 ) ; the National Security Service  ( 2 ) ; joint SSPDF and SPLM/A IO Riek Machar forces  ( 1 ) ; joint SSPDF and South Sudan National Police Service forces  ( 1 ) ; and clashes between SPLM/A IO Riek Machar elements and armed young people from the Mabanese community.
United Nations Mission in South Sudan  ( UNMISS )  continued its good offices with the parties to and partners and stakeholders of the Revitalized Agreement. These included several meetings between the Special Representative and senior officials of the Revitalized Transitional Government of National Unity and other representatives in support of the timely implementation of the Agreement. The Special Representative also engaged with regional envoys to coordinate and reinforce efforts.
United Nations Mission in South Sudan  ( UNMISS )  continued to observe concerning levels of sexual violence perpetrated by parties to the conflict, self defence groups or other armed elements involved in localized violence. The Mission verified 11 incidents of conflict related sexual violence involving 16 survivors, including six girls. Victims, whose ages ranged from 13 to 50, were subjected to, inter alia, rape  ( 1 ) , gang rape  ( 3 )  and attempted rape  ( 1 ) . Incidents were attributed to outh Sudan People's Defence Forces  ( SSPDF ) ,  ( 6 )  and defected Sudan People's Liberation Movement in Opposition  ( abbreviated SPLM IO )  Riek Machar elements allegedly affiliated with government security forces  ( 1 ) , while unidentified armed elements were responsible for four incidents.
In addition, 6,728 people  ( 5,288 men and 1,440 women )  across the country, 205 newly deployed United Nations Mission in South Sudan  ( UNMISS )  personnel  ( 146 men and 59 women )  and 99 members of armed forces and groups  ( 91 men and 8 women )  benefited from child protection awareness raising, mainstreaming and training sessions.
United Nations Mission in South Sudan  ( UNMISS )  continued its support for national accountability measures for security incidents affecting protection of civilians sites. During the reporting period, 21 persons suspected of being responsible for serious security incidents within the protection of civilians sites in Bentiu and Malakal were detained.
Joint efforts between the United Nations Mission in South Sudan  ( UNMISS )  and humanitarian partners on the ground to redesignate the Bentiu protection of civilians site – home to 97,321 people – progressed.
Most of the drugs are available in the hospital and provided free of charge to the IDPs.
In line with the Government's action plan on children associated with armed conflict, between 27 October and 3 December, the country task force on monitoring and reporting supported the establishment of three state level technical committees in Kuacjok, Wau and Torit, bringing the total number of such committees to nine. The committees constitute the key state level structures that oversee implementation of the action plan. Furthermore, between 8 and 10 December, the task force delivered a capacity building workshop in Juba for the specialized military justice sector, drawn from all parties, benefiting 20 participants  ( 17 men and 3 women ) .
United Nations Mission in South Sudan  ( UNMISS )  carried out 11 human rights due diligence policy risk assessments before travel and material assistance was provided to non United Nations security forces in support of the implementation of the peace process.
At least two journalists and human rights defenders were threatened, arbitrarily arrested and detained in connection with their professional activities during the reporting period.
In addition, the United Nations police held 23 training sessions on human rights, community security, sexual and gender based violence, crime scene management, investigations and COVID 19 preventive measures for 704 South Sudan National Police Service officers, including 212 women.
The Mine Action Service investigated the accident, delivered explosive ordnance risk education to the communities and assessed 2,500 m2 of the surrounding areas. No additional explosive items were found.
As at 1 February, the Mine Action Service had deployed 20 teams, which had released 1,277,006 m2 of land and destroyed 963 explosive items and 60,205 rounds of small arms ammunition. This improved safety for civilians and conditions for the voluntary return and resettlement of refugees and internally displaced persons.
The Mine Action Service responded to requests from local authorities, South Sudan People's Defence Forces  ( SSPDF ) , the Embassy of the United States of America, road construction companies and community members to remove and dispose of 290 items of explosive ordnance from residential compounds, along roadsides and in villages in several states.
As at 1 February, United Nations Mission in South Sudan  ( UNMISS )  documented a total of 155 incidents that negatively affected the human rights and protection situation, including arbitrary killings, abductions, conflict related sexual violence, arbitrary arrests and detention  ( including proxy detention ) , torture and ill treatment, forced military recruitment and the looting and destruction of civilian property.
In coordination with humanitarian partners, United Nations Mission in South Sudan  ( UNMISS )  provided force protection to 264 integrated missions, enabling access to high risk areas.
As at 1 February, in coordination with humanitarian partners, United Nations Mission in South Sudan  ( UNMISS ) conducted 389 long duration patrols and 1,170 short duration patrols across the country to support the delivery of assistance and ensure the protection of humanitarian workers, including through the establishment of temporary operating bases.
United Nations Mission in South Sudan  ( UNMISS )  continued to engage with parties to the conflict on the prevention of sexual violence.
In Maban  ( Elfoj ) , the unofficial land border to Sudan, there were no disruption to movement of cargo as of 14 June and no movements of persons as of 14 June. Into/ out of point 2019 daily average was unknown. Into/out of point during reporting period daily average was 0/0 and there was temperature screening and hand washing stations. There was risk communication. There was no Isolation/quarantine area. Increased security forces in place was unknown.  [ Mobility Update Week 11  ( 1 14 June 2020 )  ]
In Maban  ( Yabous ) , the unofficial land border to Sudan, there were no disruption to movement of cargo as of 14 June and no movements of persons as of 14 June. Into/ out of point 2019 daily average was unknown. Into/out of point during reporting period daily average was 0/0 and there was temperature screening and hand washing stations. There was risk communication. There was no Isolation/quarantine area. Increased security forces in place was unknown.  [ Mobility Update Week 11  ( 1 14 June 2020 )  ]
In Kapoeta East  ( Nadapal ) , the official land border to Kenya, there were only incoming movement of cargo as of 14 June and no movements of persons as of 14 June. Into/ out of point 2019 daily average was unknown. Into/out of point during reporting period daily average was 12/16 and there was no temperature screening and hand washing stations. There was no risk communication. There was no Isolation/quarantine area. Increased security forces in place was unknown.  [ Mobility Update Week 11  ( 1 14 June 2020 )  ]
In Juba  ( Juba Intl. Airport ) , the Intl. Airport, border to Inland, there were no disruption in movement of cargo as of 14 June and no disruption to movements of persons as of 14 June. Into/ out of point 2019 daily average was unknown. Into/out of point during reporting period daily average was 202/211 and there was temperature screening and hand washing stations. There was risk communication. There was Isolation/quarantine area. Increased security forces in place was unknown. While the airport is open for all movements of cargo and passengers, not all international flights have resumed to pre COVID 19 schedules. Most flights operated within South Sudan only  ( domestic )  during the reporting period.  [ Mobility Update Week 11  ( 1 14 June 2020 )  ]
During the FGD with women, the lack of dignity kits was reported as a high priority.  [ IRNA Report:  [ Melut IDP settlements, Upper Nile ] ,  [ 12 13 January 2021 ] |
In Akobo County  ( Akobo ) , the unofficial land border to Ethiopia, there were no disruption in movement of cargo as of 14 June and no disruptions to movements of persons as of 14 June. Into / out of point 2019 daily average was unknown. Into/out of point during reporting period daily average was 11/7 and there was no temperature screening and hand washing stations. There was no risk communication. There was no Isolation/quarantine area. There were no increased security forces.  [ Mobility Update Week 11  ( 1 14 June 2020 )  ]
In Wau County  ( Wau PoC AA ) , the size of the population was 9,956 and there was no Movement restrictions within and in/ out of the site. The average daily flow in/out was 5,069/5,892. Approximately 3% travel overnight. Approximately 100% travel out of county for overnight travel. There was Congregation restrictions. There were no Temperature screening. There was Hand washing stations. There was risk communication.  [ Mobility Update Week 11  ( 1 14 June 2020 )  ]
Since February 2020, a total of 430 schools in 9 states have been damaged/destroyed by flood and violence. These schools were also occupied by people displaced due to floods and violence.
Communities urge humanitarian support focusing on food, health and education services, echoing a similar request made earlier in the year.  [ IRNA Report:  [ Melut IDP settlements, Upper Nile ] ,  [ 12 13 January 2021 ] |
In Pariang  ( Pantou ) , the official land border to Sudan, there were no movement of cargo as of 14 June and De facto via alternative routes movements of persons as of 14 June. Into/ out of point 2019 daily average was unknown. Into/out of point during reporting period daily average was 0/0 and there was no temperature screening and hand washing stations. There was risk communication and Isolation/quarantine area. The Increased security forces in place was unknown. Travelers still cross on foot to South Sudan during the night. The travelers cross to Panthou first then disperse to different locations from there. Some of them take a route to Mayom and some board cars from Panakuach/Payangay to Unity oil field and then to Rubkona.  [ Mobility Update Week 11  ( 1 14 June 2020 )  ]
Organization of soap distribution  [ IRNA Report:  [ Melut IDP settlements, Upper Nile ] ,  [ 12 13 January 2021 ] |
The existence of settlements without any coordination and management structures have led to sporadic or a complete lack of aid provision to vulnerable people living in these informal settlements. Based on site level key informants and CCCM analysis, 60 per cent of displaced people reported being exposed to increased protection, public health and genderbased violence risks.
The most common aid most needed according to women  ( >=18years )  was food assistance  ( 23% ) , according to men  ( >=18 years )  were food assistance and livelihood  ( 16% )  and according to children were education  ( 32% ) .
Women and girls face not only the risk of sexual violence within the sites but also when they travel outside sites for livelihood activities.
Existing community self management structures in refugee sites require continuous support. Joint planning coordinated assessments and interventions through mutually agreed referral mechanisms also need to be strengthened.
Refugee returnees face challenges receiving basic services in return locations, as these limited services and resources have typically been apportioned for those currently in the area. This puts at risk returnees with specific needs and the most vulnerable as these groups may not be able to continue to receive the level of care they need in their areas of return.
The 1.2 million people in need of CCCM service includes an estimated 150,000 people affected by floods in 2020 living with host communities are in need of humanitarian assistance. They share their limited resources which are grossly inadequate compounded with the limited basic services within the communities making them heavily dependent on humanitarian aid.
The widening fiscal deficit will likely further diminish the Government capacity to finance key lifesaving services. High inflation, including on prices of basic commodities, combined with disrupted livelihoods mainly in rural settings will continue to erode the purchasing power of market dependent households. Rural areas will also continue to be affected by rising food and other basic commodity prices.
Lack of progress on governance and peacebuilding, combined with reduced regional economic activity and increased pressure on public finances, is likely to result in continued localized and sub national violence with armed groups fighting for control over territory and resources
Continued macroeconomic crisis, the low preparedness capacity of national and state authorities, COVID 19 pandemic, relatively lower oil prices, and consecutive years of flooding are expected to further exacerbate existing vulnerabilities and humanitarian needs of people, while pushing more people downward spiral into crisis and reliance on humanitarian assistance.
The humanitarian situation in South Sudan is likely to continue to worsen in 2021, driven by cumulative effects of years of recurring conflict and violence, further aggravated by subsequent shocks.
In Aweil East  ( Majokyinthiou  ) , transit point to Sudan, there were no disruption in movement of cargo as of 14 June and no disruptions to movements of persons as of 14 June. Into/ out of point 2019 daily average was 6/24. Into/out of point during reporting period daily average was 59/41 and there was no temperature screening and no hand washing stations. There was no risk communication. There was no Isolation/quarantine area. There were no increased security forces.  [ Mobility Update Week 11  ( 1 14 June 2020 )  ]
Some 483,000 pregnant and lactating women will need treatment for malnutrition in 2021.
Due to the protracted nature of their  [ Refugee's ] displacement, South Sudanese refugee returnees, refugees and asylum seekers need access to information about their areas of return, rights as citizens and services available.
Returnees' needs across sectors are the highest in Jonglei, Lakes and Central Equatoria linked to the escalation of localized violence during the first half of the year and severe flooding since. In the past year, needs have increased the most in returnee communities in Eastern Equatoria, Jonglei, Lakes and Western Bahr el Ghaza
Jonglei, Lakes and Central Equatoria states saw the highest levels of need across sectors in IDP communities assessed in early 2020.
Women and girls are exposed to the risk of sexual violence both inside and outside camps. Meanwhile, displaced children suffer from lost years of education and exposure to various maltreatments, including abductions, forced recruitment, sexual harassment and child labour
While IDPs in rural areas tend to see the highest levels of need across sectors, needs in urban areas are also significant. Easier access to humanitarian services mitigates humanitarian needs in large IDP camps, resulting in improved humanitarian outcomes compared to often hard to reach host community settings. Yet, the displaced population hosted in these camps continues to suffer from high levels of vulnerability.
Most of the children interviewed reported of losing their school materials the children need to be provided with schools learning materials/aid and mobile schools to be prioritize in order to mitigate the high dropout among school children.
Immediate provision of emergency shelter NFI to help those displaced children and their parents with so that they should immediately vacate the premises for conducive learning environment.
There is need for humanitarian intervention in order to assist the school children with food nutritional supplements including PSS  ( Psychosocial Support )  in order for them to withstand emergency stress.
School children are currently in difficult situation since there is no food assistance being provided.
Education was named as the type of aid needed most by children across assessed settlements in the country, particularly in the Equatorias. This may have been exacerbated by school closures due to COVID 19, as mentioned in focus group discussions conducted in October 2020. Moreover, focus group discussion participants highlighted early and forced marriages, as well as adolescent pregnancies, as particular challenges faced by children and adolescents in South Sudan
In nearly all focus group discussions  ( FGDs ) , men, women, youth and older persons identified food insecurity or lack of food as the primary challenge facing affected communities. This was true for communities who received assistance as well as those that had not.
Despite food assistance being the most commonly reported priority need overall, food assistance was reported as the main priority need for men and women in only 1 per cent of assessed settlements in Western Equatoria
Adolescents school girls are the ones collecting firewood and later sale them to the market and buy some grains for their survival instead of being in schools. Flood exposed both adults and school children to so many different types of diseases and affected leaning environment.
Flooding put children at a vulnerable position as they have no open grounds for playing.
Most of primary schools in Fangak county have been occupied by the displaced persons and turned them as residential and too overcrowded that expose the IDPs to power hygiene sanitation.
While women were more likely to raise concerns regarding the fair targeting and distribution of aid, lack of information on how to register for aid and the need for assistance in registration, men voiced concern about the quality of infrastructure, such as the poor condition of roads and/or unmet needs for construction, repair work, and transportation.
Of the nearly 2,000 settlements assessed in September 2020, people in two thirds of them received some form of assistance in the previous six months.
SHELTER/NFI PRIORITY NEEDS AND RECOMMENDATIONS : The implementing agencies for WASH and Health need to carry out COVID – 19 Sensitization campaigns messages to aware communities including on hygiene and sanitation by using CHAST  (  Child Hygiene and Sanitation Training  )  and CLTS  (  Community led total sanitation )  approaches and practices to mitigate possibility of cholera outbreak.
The displaced population remain vulnerable and exposed to harsh weather conditions cold, sunlight and wind. In the new displaced areas as most of the host communities already not have enough space to host more people majority sleeps outside in an open place. Many of respondents reported about lack of sheltering materials and cash to build temporary tukuls.
Old Fanagak and all the villages; RECOMMENDATIONS ; Hygiene promotion and COVID 19 messaging at the IDP sites.
The COVID 19 pandemic influenced households' resilience in positive and negative terms. On the one hand, people's access to basic services, especially health and safe water, improved from last year following the investments made to respond to and prevent COVID19. On the other hand, COVID 19 related restrictions led to a significant reduction in people's participation in social groups and affected their access to essential services such as community based protection, and capacity and resilience building activities which previously had a positive contribution to households' resilience.
Old Fanagak and all the villages ; The displaced households at the school visited complained about the lack of water collecting items including jerrycans cups for drinking water and bathing water items.
FSL PRIORITY NEEDS AND RECOMMENDATIONS : Training of farmers on livestock production emphasizing on fodder production and preservation.
Integrated Disease Surveillance  ( IDSR )  timeliness & completeness performance at county level for week 2 of 2021: The timeliness percentage was excellent for Central Equatoria State and poor for Upper Nile state.
FSL PRIORITY NEEDS AND RECOMMENDATIONS : Provision of conditional cash intervention,  ( cash for work for building dikes )  to protect business centers schools from flooding and provide the opportunity to the vulnerable household to get disposable income.
FSL PRIORITY NEEDS AND RECOMMENDATIONS : Provision of timely emergency food assistance, general food distribution GFD and Blanket supplementary Feeding programme  ( BSFP ) . WFP in partnership with NPA need to scale up emergency food distribution to reach both the flood affected and host communities. This will enable community to cope with devastating situations.
FSL PRIORITY NEEDS AND RECOMMENDATIONS : Agriculture extension work in the form of farmers field schools to improve agriculture techniques including provision of agriculture inputs, vegetable seeds, tools for dry season production to improve food security situation for the vulnerable populations.
Lack of food support is a major challenge that has caused sickness to the vulnerable groups especial the elderly people and children who were visibly frail, weak and hungry.
The migrating livestock were observed during the assessment to be vulnerable as they were exposed to cold weather, grazing in swamps, lack of open land and deteriorating pastures placed animals at risk.
Livestock which is the source of livelihoods had been badly affected no pastures for animal grazing which worsened the already deteriorating livestock situation characterized by death and distress.
There is transitory food insecurity in areas around Old Fangak due to the effects of flooding. This transitory food insecurity is likely to become chronic if immediate assistance is not availed. Most households were not sure of when and where to get the next meal as the main source of food are wild vegetables and fish.  ( January29th to 30th January 2021 )
Flood affected residents in Old Fangak  ( New caseload )    Total flood affected households were 5,407 and the most affected households were from Kuertet and least affected were from Kuerdar. Estimated total individuals affected were 32,442 and the most affected individuals were from Kuertet and least affected were from Kuerdar.
SHELTER/NFI PRIORITY NEEDS AND RECOMMENDATIONS : The IDPs should be advised to leave the school premises immediately after receiving ES/NFIs Items to create conducive environment for the school children and candidates who may sit for exams or for the schools to continue functions without interference.
The flood affected pupations especially the IDPs are residing in areas where primary healthcare services are non existent with the exception of Old Fangak community who has access to Old Fangak PHCC.
SHELTER/NFI PRIORITY NEEDS AND RECOMMENDATIONS : There is a high need of construction of emergency shelters to the displaced populations from where they have gathered until their homes dry and to return their original residential areas.
An estimated 16 per cent of displaced people and 20 per cent of returnees live in settlements with more than half of their shelters collapsed or in danger of collapse.
Refugees live in overcrowded camps and settlements and have inadequate access to space, soap, and water, which make them extremely vulnerable to COVID 19
In order to meet their needs, some displaced families opt for negative coping mechanisms, including child labour and early marriage. Early marriage among IDP children is more prevalent than in recent years. Poverty is relatively more widespread among IDPs.
Protection and safety concerns also prevent girls and children with disabilities from going to schools when they are located far from a community. Long travelling distance to school is one of the main reasons for children dropping out of school in South Sudan.
3,749 confirmed COVID 19 cases in South Sudan; > 85% in Juba with 64 deaths and a case fatality rate  ( CFR )  of 1.7%. Total 9,968 contacts identified, quarantined, & undergoing follow up
Enhance border surveillance for suspect cholera case detection, reporting and investigation
Update the state cholera contingency plans – to strengthen surveillance; case management; risk communication; WASH; Oral Cholera Vaccine.
Some of the vulnerable women and girls opt to exploitative survival sex in exchange for basic needs. Affected communities are adopting different coping mechanisms to avoid violence including relocating, restricting movements and remaining silent about concerns for fear of reprisals
Both men and women report relying on small scale livelihood activities to mitigate the difficulties they face, including fishing, hunting, farming, harvesting honey, brewing alcohol and selling charcoal. Trees cut down and burned for charcoal have a high environmental impact.
According to key informants consulted between April and September 2020, incidents of land disputes were reported in 14 per cent of assessed settlements. They were most common in Warrap and Western Equatoria states, as seen in the map below. Tension between host communities and displaced people over rights to land, housing and property has the potential to result in violence, including GBV. Long standing conflicts over land usage, for example pastoralist versus agriculturalist land use patterns, lead to violence
Displaced people and returnees living in smaller and urban settlements tend to face higher damage ratios. The most affected states are Western Bahr el Ghazal and Jonglei. In addition, around 45 per cent of IDPs and returnees live in settlements without access to a local market selling essential household items.
The persistent transmission of HEV (  Hepatitis E Virus )  in Bentiu PoC continues with 422 cases since beginning of 2019 • There were  ( 3 )  new cases reported in week 4, 2021
Oral cholera campaign was conducted in Bor where over 63000  ( 88% coverage )  people  ( one year and above )  were vaccinated during the first round of the campaign by WHO that ended on 20 December 2020. The second round of the campaign ended on 14th January 2021 with over 56, 615  ( 78.8% )  people  ( one year and above )  were covered.
Measles transmission has persisted in Ibba county despite of the mass vaccination, and the follow up campaign was completed for the two counties by WHO – the coverage was 99%
Two consecutive years of severe seasonal flooding in the country, among other drivers, has contributed to heightened food insecurity in the country in 2021 as projected recent IPC report.
There are currently 3 Covid 19 designated sentinel surveillance sites in Juba and 10 other sentinel sites based at 9 state hospitals and one county hospital that are collecting epidemiological data and samples from Influenza Like Illness (  ILI ) /SARI  ( Severe Acute Respiratory Illness )  cases.
In the PoC ( Protection of Civilian )  sites; malaria is the top cause of morbidity in Bentiu  ( 9% ) ; Juba  ( 45% ) , and Wau  ( 11% )  PoCs, in Malakal PoC malaria accounts for  ( 9% )  of OPD consultations, respectively.
Malaria was the leading cause of morbidity and mortality, accounting for 53.6% of all morbidities and 20.5% of all mortalities this week.There were 3 county with malaria trends that exceeded the threshold  ( third quartile of trends for the period 2013 2017 )  and these include the following: 1. WBGZ State  ( Wau )  2. Unity State  ( Pariang )  3. WE State  ( Maridi )
Integrated Disease Surveillance  ( IDSR )  timeliness & completeness performance at county level for week 2 of 2021: The completeness percentage was excellent for Western Bahr el Ghazal state and Western Equatoria State and poor for Upper Nile state.
South Sudan is endemic for cholera and from 2014 2017, at least 28,676 cases & 644 deaths were reported with NO cholera cases been confirmed in 2018, 2019, and 2020
Old Fanagak and all the villages; RECOMMENDATIONS ; Treatment of surface water sources.
Old Fanagak and all the villages; RECOMMENDATIONS ; To provide onset and construct Emergency institutional latrines to the affected displaced population has gathered to avoid random open defecation
Old Fanagak and all the villages; RECOMMENDATIONS ;To provide emergency latrines to the affected Households.
Old Fanagak and all the villages : Communities are getting drinking water from swamps, streams, river with no treatment at all.
Old Fanagak and all the villages   Women do not have water containers to fetch and store water from the rivers. Some families are using the same water containers for fetching water and also bathing.
Old Fanagak and all the villages ; There are 21 hand pumps in Old Fangak and 9 of them were submerged by water, 4 are nonfunctional and only 5 are being functional.
Monitoring the Functional residual capacity  ( FRC )  levels at the taps stands in the different sectors, and the concentration of chlorination should maintain at 0.5 1mg/L as the point of collection
Assessments conducted in Bentiu, Malakal and Wau PoC/IDP sites between 2015 and 2019 indicate persistent experiences of cumulative distress, mourning and grieving of multiple losses, acculturative stress, loneliness, anxiety, loss of self esteem, strain and fatigue from cognitive overload and perceptions of inability to function completely in current circumstances.
Old Fanagak and all the villages : Interviewed communities revealed that there were cases of SGBV affecting girls and women at water points/rivers and other cases involved in open defecation.
Old Fanagak and all the villages : Children are seen playing at the river banks where they also defecate at the same time.
Displaced women and girls and those living near cantonment sites are most affected by GBV
Old Fangak and all the villages : There were no hand handwashing facilities observed in the schools visited while too many populations in the schools with poor hygiene and sanitation
Old Fangak and all the villages ; Both flood displaced and host communities confirmed directly collecting and drinking water from the swamps, river without any treatment.
Maternal mortality ratio is at 789 per 100,000 live births fifth highest in the world while the under five mortality rate is at 99.2 per 1,000 live births. Three in four child deaths in South Sudan are due to preventable diseases.
An assessment mission recommended the need to strengthen routine immunization  ( thru static and outreach vaccination; social mobilization for routine immunization; and enhanced measles case based surveillance ) .
IDP women also reported feeling unsafe due to congestion in the camps, given that it leads to a lack of privacy which contributes to increased risk, and actual occurrence of, sexual violence.
A recent Food Security and Nutrition Monitoring System  ( FSNMS )  assessment found that 30 per cent of children had behavioral change, showing signs of distress due to repeated exposure to conflict and shocks
Flooding has put nutrition supplies at high risk of damage with the team having to shift supplies to higher grounds when visited the flowing areas i.e. Wanglel totally under water submersion, Wangchot and Chotbora are among other Nutrition sites badly affected.
Morbidity and mortality rates of MAM and SAM among the children is likely to increase since the farm produces have been destroyed by floods and children appeared weak.
FSL PRIORITY NEEDS AND RECOMMENDATIONS : Provide extension services and training on disaster management especially flood mitigation to farmers including crop management, pest management, and post harvest management and handling with the end goal of improving food and nutrition security.
Up to 60 per cent of the country is cut off during the rainy season between April and December, forcing humanitarians to rely on costly air transportation. In 2020, many roads remained inaccessible exceptionally until March, constraining physical access more than usual and limiting the time available to pre position supplies to key locations before the next rains began. COVID 19 containment measures impacted humanitarian staff movement and shipping of essential cargo until August 2020.
The rising water level has resulted in riverine flooding where most villages along the river have been completely submerged. The flooding also affected people's fields rendering all the crops a right off such that the majority of Old Fangak communities harvested nothing in 2020. The communities of Old Fangak are agro pastoralists such that weather related hazards such as flooding impact heavily on their livelihoods.
Local authorities continued to interfere in humanitarian responses to people in need. Navigating an untransparent regulatory environment including various fees and taxes imposed by authorities delayed humanitarian assistance and diverted resources that would have otherwise been used for lifesaving supplies
Sub national violence in Jonglei, Lakes and Warrap resulted in relocation of humanitarian partners, looting of lifesaving supplies and targeting of humanitarian workers based on ethnic identities
FMP ( Flow Monitoring Points )  along the border with Sudan recorded an average of 170 South Sudanese forced to flee to Sudan every month, primarily as a result of food insecurity or flooding, although the figure was higher prior to the imposition of border restrictions.
On 16th January, 2021 the Community Health Diagnosis in Boma reported cases of diarrhea with no deaths in Raat area. Five deaths were reported in July 2020 and there were no response taken. There is no health faciality or medical personnel in Raat and the area is inaccessible from Pibor.
Based on FMR (  Flow Monitoring Registry )  data, the first quarter of 2020 saw over 5,000 South Sudanese flee to Uganda via Nimule Border, primarily as a result of conflict – with uncertainty over the peace process prior to the formation of the Transitional Government of National Unity in February 2020 likely to have prompted many to move abroad – and food insecurity
A total of 34 out of 78 counties were classified as facing low level access constraints, a reduction from 44 counties in 2019.
The border with Uganda saw strict enforcement on both sides and a rapid and drastic decrease in incoming and outgoing mobility, bringing the monitored volume of movement down to less than a quarter of the average in February and March 2020.
Flood affected villages in Old Fangak  ( old caseload )   Total flood affected households were 1,950 and the most affected households were from Old Fangak and least affected were from Wangthiil. Estimated total individuals affected were 12,030 and the most affected individuals were from Old Fangak and least affected were from Wangthill.
Local authorities had estimated the number of affected and displaced households to be 7,357 comprised of 44,472 individuals.
Humanitarian agencies in Old Fangak responded to calls from the Old Fangak local authorities through conducting a spot on check assessment to determine the effect of the flooding on the communities of Old Fangak and New Fangak.