nlp-thedeep/humsetbias huggingface dataset:
Since late March, numerous rumors referenced a perception that the symptoms and treatment methods for COVID 19 did not differ from other common illnesses. For instance, a rumor in Yambio was recorded articulating that “people have recovered from respiratory diseases without taking medicine,' suggesting that some communities do not believe COVID 19 should be approached any differently. Rumors that hot weather, hot tea  ( without sugar )  and “African immunity' prevent the spread of the virus remained prevalent; however, several rumors emerged that “cool water' or “wellventilated' rooms were key to stopping the virus. This may relate to a widespread reported belief that COVID 19 is only for “rich people' ) , who have access to air conditioning and refrigeration facilities.
Messaging encouraging social distancing and prohibiting physical greeting has the potential to create serious negative reactions and heightened tension, especially among rural populations who have limited access to timely and reliable health guidelines, unless the content of this messaging is first discussed with community influencers and an alternative way of greatening and maintaining distance is discussed within the targeted community.
On 17th February 2020, a mature swarm of desert locusts invaded Magwi county of Central Equatorial from northern Uganda and moved towards Torit and its environs
There is a lack of protection partners, funding and resources, including for Child Protection and GBV activities.
S NFI's distributed to 850 conflict affected households, benefiting 5,100 individuals  ( male 2,406 and female 2,694 )  in Juba county in Central Equatoria by IOM.
South Sudan's refugee situation justifiably continues to be characterized as a children's crisis. Some 65 per cent of refugees are below the age of 18. Over 66,000 children have been registered unaccompanied or separated from their parents or usual caregivers.
Since COVID 19 many older people have faced challenges in accessing drinking water, bathing, or toilet facilities. 37% of the older people interviewed, and 44% of those 70+, stated that they are too scared of contracting the disease to leave their homes. This trend is similar trend both in urban Juba and the POC  ( Protection of Civilians )  .
South Sudan remains one of the most complex humanitarian operating environments in the world, with persistent insecurity, poor infrastructure, and seasonal hazards.
In South Sudan, the livestock sector contributes about 16.5% to the national GDP. Despite supporting the livelihoods of more than 65% of the population, this sector continues to face major challenges, and this fragile context of COVID 19 could push people further into an already existing food security crisis.
The multifaceted nature of the crisis continues to disrupt local economy, increase displacements and reduce access to basic services and education.
According to FAO's market price monitoring portal, prices of food commodities are already spiking, e.g. as of March 2020, the price of maize flour in Juba has already increased by 33 percent compared to the same period last year and by 75 percent compared to the three year average.
On 26 to 27 October, South Sudan conducted Intra Action review of the current COVID 19 response across different pillars and document best practices and lessons learned to improve the response. The review provided participants with an opportunity to evaluate current capabilities and resources for prompt deployment in response to the pandemic.
All actors along the livestock production/ marketing chain and CAHWs to be trained on the COVID 19: signs and symptoms, importance of hand washing, the need for social distancing to enable them to remain safe and to avoid themselves being the transmitters of the virus into otherwise remote / isolated communities;
The immediate recommendation entails assessment and strengthening routine immunization. Consequently, the State RRT has been deployed to conduct further investigations in the event and the status of routine immunization services in Ibba.
Donors and agencies must understand, and where appropriate, work within South Sudanese systems, rather than ignoring or overriding them. The aid community needs to acknowledge that for many South Sudanese these local systems of accountability are legitimate, respected and understood, and that it is the international system that is alien and unintelligible.
Unprecedented levels of inter communal conflict, the macroeconomic crisis, recurrent flooding, and the impacts of the COVID 19 pandemic and preventive measures are leading to Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  and worse outcomes.
One exceptional resource in South Sudan is to build on the existing network of around 2000 Community Animal Health Workers  ( CAHW )  that has been in existence for the past 20+ years. These same networks have been used to conduct livestock disease surveillance and early warning of outbreaks of animal diseases including zoonoses such as Rift Valley Fever  ( endemic South Sudan ) .
Six Counties are above the threshold: Rubkona, Pariang, Wau, Renk, Melut, and Aweil South.
In Bentiu PoC, partners established weekly malaria task force meeting and two additional clinics have been established to meet the demand of increased Outpatient Department consultations due to Malaria. Larviciding is underway in the PoC with at least three sectors  ( S3, S4, and S5 )  covered as of 28 Oct 2020. Consequently, the malaria case trends have been on the decline in the recent weeks.
The MoH with support from WHO, UNICEF and partners conducted a reactive Yellow Fever vaccination campaign in Kajo Keji County from 23 27October 2020. with Mop up vaccinations conducted on 28 29 October 2020. The campaign targeted 93,000 individuals aged 9 months to 60 years. Post campaign evaluation ended on 01 November 2020.
In quarter two, IOM also actively participated in two virtual workshops on PoEs prioritization organized by the PoE Technical Working Group and continues to participate at regional level meetings in responding to COVID 19 through Better Migration Management Town Hall Meetings organized by IOM's Regional Office for Eastern Africa
Tracing and reunification of unaccompanied children
 Menstrual hygiene management was noted as a major concern amongst women and girls of reproductive age, with absent of their materials in the market to menstrual hygiene kit and laundry soap being a major challenge.  The IDPs also noted that most of them could not access water collection containers.
Following an investigation by the National RRTs the country secured 103 230 doses of yellow fever vaccines for an emergency campaign.
• Encourage the use of mobile money transfers where applicable to minimize exchange of cash monies at markets/ auction yards and ensure the people transacting have gloves and correct PPE
The adaptations in humanitarian activities given COVID 19 restrictions were critical. Humanitarians' attempts to serve people were reportedly constrained by COVID 19 mitigation measures.
With un stable food security situation in the areas visited and poor health situations, there is most likely to be an increased malnutrition in the area coupled with limited food diversification
Almost 4 million people remained displaced in the first quarter, driven mainly by years of conflict, inter communal violence, food insecurity and recent natural hazards such as floods. This included 1.7 million people who were internally displaced, according to a new IDP baseline released by IOM and OCHA in January 2020.
The security situation continues to deteriorate throughout South Sudan, and the deterioration is mainly attributed to economic instability. Juba remains the epicenter of harassments, intimidations and increased criminal activities.
South Sudan continues to see a rise in the number of confirmed cases, with 2,490 confirmed cases, 1,290 recoveries, and 47 deaths, as of 16 August 2020.
There is no fire warning system within the PoC site and upon discovery of a fire, it is by word of mouth to zone leaders who have phones or alert the UNPOL units who regularly patrol the PoC. In addition, there is a watchtower overlooking the entire site, which is permanently crewed by two members of the QRF, equipped with radios, night vision equipment, etc.
 Provision of psychosocial support through counseling.  Provision of shelters since the IDPs is congested in the premises.  Reinforce reproductive age hygiene materials.  Considered malnutrition support.
Solar lighting is provided in some areas but given the size of the site, this is very minimal. Medical cover is provided from the MSF hospital which is located outside the main entrance to the PoC but within the overall UNMISS site. Within each zone is a dedicated medical center. However, doctors are only available during daylight hours. Maternity cover is provided 24/7 in each of the medical centers; there is a midwife and security guard during the hours of darkness. For medical assistance during the night, an IDP would have to go to the MSF hospital.
Children depend on Milk brought in from cattle camps mainly in Muni Payam.
The IDPs and host population reported reduction of the number of meals eaten per day and prioritizing food for children.
Abnormally heavy rainfall from July to October 2020 led to the overflow of the Nile, Pibor, Sobat, Lol and other rivers. The rains led to inland flooding, mainly in the eastern and central parts of the country. The flooding caused large scale displacement of people and cattle and damaged/destroyed crops and property
The Government and the Humanitarian Coordinator have condemned these acts of hostility towards humanitarian agencies and workers and a high level mission to Renk is planned during the week of 09 November 2020.
With rising inflation and local food prices, farming is too insecure for many families. This is particularly the case for those families whose men are migrant or military workers, deployed elsewhere in South Sudan, and who therefore lack the physical resources for the work ( 2020 )
An estimated 900,000 people have been affected by flooding since July. Communities in areas along the White Nile have fled to higher ground to escape flood waters. Nearly 400,000 people have been displaced, with women and children most affected.
Emergency shelter and NFI needs are greatest in Upper Nile, Unity, Jonglei, Lakes, Warrap, Western Bahr Ghazel, Central and Western Equatoria.
IDPs complain of harassment by armed groups in Lobonok, Juba County. On 23 October, a partner reported that an unknown number of people were displaced in Lobonok following clashes between South Sudan People's Defense Force  ( SSPDF )  and National Salvation  ( NAS )  forces in Karpeto, Pagar and Sindru in July and August.
The top three needs of people are access to emergency life saving shelter, access to lifesaving NFIs and access to housing, land and property including support to recovery and resilience building
South Sudan continues to receive refugees and is seeing a steady return of South Sudanese refugees. Refugees arrive after days and weeks of walking, often without any belongings. Consequently, all new arrivals need non food items including sanitary items  ( soap, buckets, etc. )  and basic household items  ( mosquito nets, blankets, clothes, plastic sheets, and shelter materials ) .
Sleeping in the open air have left women and girls extremely vulnerable to risks of GBV.
On 5 April 2020, the Government of South Sudan declared the first confirmed case of COVID 19. This comes at a time when the country is already grappling with a multidimensional humanitarian crisis with inadequate access to health and WASH services.
Across all key basic goods and services, we see that older men have greater access challenges compared to older women. This finding needs further investigation and comparative gender analysis should be conducted to identify why this occurs.
Nutritional screening was carried out in two phases using MUAC  ( Mid Upper Arm Circumference )  to determine the nutritional status of Children and PLWs and trend of malnutrition affecting the Host community and the IDPs
Phase 2 Host Community 36 children screened M=15 and F=21 SAM=1 and MAM=4 16 PLWs screened P=9 and L=7 MUAC <23.0cm=3
WFP has prepositioned 138,750 mt of food commodities, equivalent to 73 percent of the planned 190,530 mt and enough to serve over 2 million people, in areas that will become inaccessible in the rainy season.
South Sudan had recorded 35 confirmed cases of COVID 19 as of 30 April 2020. WFP continues to support national led COVID 19 prevention and preparedness efforts.
Support needed for Nutrition partners on ground to strengthen screening in the IDPs and catchment area to trace malnourished cases and refer for management in the Nutrition center in Tombek.
Provision of Mosquitoes nets and blankets to affected population in muni. Provision of Aqua tabs, water purifier, and hygiene and Sanitation services.
Distribution of Dignity kits to girls and women of child bearing age.
Despite strong advocacy, access constraints remained under reported. The surge in sub national violence, gaps in leadership structures and COVID 19 related movement restrictions contributed to the overall rise in access constraints.
Most farm lands have been submerged hence affecting the community livelihood
US$ 2.4 m in cash based transfers made* [ by WFP ]
Risk of increase in protection issues mainly  ( Child Protection and GBV )  given that IDPs and Host community are converged in one location
As all schools were closed by authorities on 21 March to prevent the spread of COVID 19, WFP's school feeding activities nationwide were suspended, affecting the provision of assistance to more than 460,000 children.
1.15 million people assisted by WFP in December 2020
UNHAS has transported 48 suspected COVID 19 samples from across South Sudan to Juba for testing at the Public Health Laboratory. UNHAS has performed 14 non COVID 19 related medical evacuations on behalf of seven organizations since the start of the pandemic.
2.2 million South Sudanese refugees  ( UNHCR )
People assisted by WFP (  December 2020 ) : Female 58%, Male 42%
The 12 priority counties were identified according to rapid needs assessments conducted; high numbers of flood affected people and severe food insecurity; recent outbreaks of violence and displacement; destroyed water sources, and health and nutrition facilities; and counties where water levels are forecasted to remain high, leading to potential disease outbreaks.
Over the past 2 years, the proportion of population facing Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  acute food insecurity or worse has decreased slightly. This was attributed to the impact of humanitarian assistance and improved security conditions that facilitated the access to markets and livelihood activities
WFP 6 month Net Funding Requirements  ( February '21 July '21 )  274.5
Ensure that older people, especially those who house/shelter bound, have disability or are living alone are kept informed of COVID 19 preventive measures as well as how to access other treatment from local health facilities. A range of methods should be used including via the radio, loudspeaker and social distanced community meetings.
Inter communal violence, mostly in the form of cattle raiding and spilling over into revenge killings, have been driven by flooding and loss of livestock, as well as other underlying political, economic and demographic factors. A process started in 2020 of re designation of Protection of Civilian  ( PoC )  sites to IDP camps, reflecting the changing protection needs and security situation in the country
Advocate for improved access to services, including humanitarian facilities, for older people, especially those living with disabilities. This is especially important to those in urban Juba who are often not prioritised by humanitarian agencies.
Of the nine aid workers killed in 2020, eight lost their lives while delivering lifesaving assistance to people in Jonglei, and one in Lakes
Across the country, the proportion of households facing severe food insecurity decreased to 22.6 percent in December 2019 from 26 percent in December 2018, resulting in a corresponding decrease in the total proportion of food insecure household from 74 percent in December 2018 to 69.2 percent in December 2019 which is consistent with the decrease in poor and borderline food consumption to 68.8 from 76.9 percent in December 2018.
The network of solar vaccine cold chain facilities has been extended to cover 130 locations across the country and there is agreement with WFP/ UNHAS to prioritize the movement of essential vaccines and other veterinary inputs to the field. There will need to advocacy to prioritize movement of technical staff to the field to conduct livestock campaigns
Approximately 368,000 people were displaced due to flooding.
Many young men have headed north for work or have moved to towns for cash labour in restaurants, driving motorcycle taxis, doing market work or long distance trade between villages and the border.
1500 fisher folks trained on preservation, hygiene, harvesting & protection of natural fishery resources, collaborated with fishery department
181,231 Estimated Individuals Seeking Refuge at UNMISS Bases UN – June 2020
In different regions of South Sudan, leaders have been taping into youth disenfranchisement and selected indigenous institutions to enhance their political and military aims
Interactions and negotiations need to be done at community level in a way that is regular, more formalized, open and inclusive, rather than ad hoc and behind closed doors. Regular forums are needed where local, state and international actors come together to define objectives, intended beneficiaries of assistance, and how communities can hold aid actors to account. While making decisions in Juba can be easier and faster, this can effectively cut out communities.
Some 5.82 million people, almost half of the population, are likely to face Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  or worsening acute food insecurity in January, including 105,000 people in Catastrophe  ( IPC Phase 5 )  acute food insecurity.
Agencies should document and report on joint decisions with communities, not simply consultation. Accountability is not simply consultation but involves communication, feedback and joint decision making in the relationship between aid actors and members of local communities.
Active hostilities in Central Equatoria between the South Sudan People's Defense Forces/Sudan People's Liberation Army in Opposition and the National Salvation Front hindered the delivery of assistance to people in Kajo keji, Lainya and Morobo counties.
Invest in more sustained and systematic dialogue with rural communities, particularly young men, mediated by local civil society groups or other local actors trusted by these communities. The disconnect between urban based/national decision making and rural communities is a significant concern. It is a barrier to improving downwards accountability and hinders productive dialogues to support peace. These relationships must be improved as a priority.
During the lean season period of April to July 2021, the food security situation will deteriorate with an estimated 752,000 people  ( 68.7% of the population )  likely to be in Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  or worse acute food insecurity, of which 547,000 are likely to be in Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  acute food insecurity, and 205,000 are likely to be in Emergency  ( IPC Phase 4 )  acute food insecurity.
COVID 19 restrictions introduced in April to curb the spread of the virus after it was confirmed in South Sudan, added to the overall access constraints.
During this period, all counties will be classified in Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  acute food insecurity, except for Panyijiar County that will be classified in Emergency  ( IPC Phase 4 )  acute food insecurity.
More research is needed on women's groups and movements, and how they use gender norms to their advantage to hold individuals to account and prevent or end conflict. Moreover, aid organisations should enhance their institutional knowledge of the role of women´s groups and movements. Women's roles in holding young men to account and encouraging or ending conflict and, such as the kaberaze, are not well understood.
In Leer of Unity, flooding in August displaced an estimated 10,000 households, submerged crops, and disrupted market functioning and trade flows. As reported earlier in June, flooding in Panyijiar of Unity also displaced 15,000 households and destroyed crops.
The slight improvements in food security in 2019 are attributed to increased agriculture production for some areas, relative peace following the signing of the peace agreement and improved access to livelihoods.
The Logistics Cluster has started the review of common storage availability in Akobo and Pibor, key locations within the six highly food insecure response scale up counties. This will ensure the humanitarian community is able to pre position adequate cargo.
Across the state, continuing episodes of sub national violence displaced populations in the third quarter of 2020. In September, 41% of assessed settlements reported IDP presence, unchanged since April.
Cycles of localized violence continued in Lakes State through the end of September.
Overall, the proportion of assessed settlements reporting insecurity and conflict as the main reasons why people left their settlements increased from 14% in July to 26% in September across Warrap. This increase may be attributed to reported intercommunal conflict among communities in both Tonj South and Tonj East counties, which resulted in displacement in Manyagok, Wanhalel and Tonj Payams in Tonj South and Ananatak and Wunlit Payms in Tonj East County. This finding was also supported by the proportion of assessed settlements reporting insecurity and killing in Twic  ( 39% ) , Gogrial East  ( 43% )  and Tonj East  ( 50% )  counties in September as the main reason why people left their settlements.
The highest number of aid workers killed was 30 in 2017 with lowest 3 in 2013 and 2019. In 2020, 9 aid workers were killed.
Incident Type: 46% violence against personnel, 37% violence against assets and facilities and 17% active hostilities.
With an increasing amount of roads becoming accessible, including some enabling access to key locations in Jonglei, the Logistics Cluster updated and disseminated to all partners the Humanitarian Road Convoy Schedule for March – April 2021.
Nutritional supplies were not delivered to some facilities in Tonj East due to insecurity. The ready to eat food  ( RUTF )  supply for Tonj East is stored in Tonj South. Until security normalizes, partners are not able to provide nutritional assistance in Alabek, Akob, Aliek, Kirrik and Rualbet sites, hence they were non operational during the reporting period.
The populations utilizing these markets, and a wider constellation of markets, pushing deeper into rural areas around the main Western Corridor, are heavily reliant on them to meet basic needs. The Western Corridor may also function as a primary pathway of local transmission through the rainy season if drastic measures are not taken to stop the outbreak. It is the only functional trans country road route and sees a high degree of movement most of the year. The progression of COVID 19 into other urban centres outside of Juba would most likely occur on this route, though river traffic along the White Nile also presents a risk. Unity State that has land crossings with the Sudan and its entire eastern state border along the White Nile is also at risk.
South Sudan imports considerable quantities of cereals, especially sorghum, maize and other foods, from Sudan, Uganda and other East African countries. Domestic chronic cereal deficits are typically met through a combination of extensive imports and humanitarian food assistance. Truck shortages, limits on transport staff for border crossings, quarantine measures, work stoppages over issues of pay, personal protective equipment  ( PPE )  and other COVID 19 concerns, and screening measures are all working to severely slow commercial traffic and limit road and river entry points into South Sudan. Humanitarian supply chains are also affected by these same slowdowns, reducing the speed with which humanitarian food and livelihood assistance enters the country for distribution and pre positioning prior to the beginning of the rainy season.
Poor health coverage, sub optimal childcare and feeding practices, and prevalence of disease outbreaks such as malaria and acute watery diarrhea also contribute to high nutrition needs.
In total, the infrastructure was damaged or destroyed in 54  ( 5% )  nutrition sites in the flood affected counties. In the sites that remain operational, limited capacities were observed, as well as poor accessibility of sites by populations that have been cut off.
Funding gaps continue to limit the response. A total of $22.1 million is needed to meet the needs of people in the six counties for the period January to April. Resources are spread thin and are being diverted to the six counties from other parts of the country where needs exist. This may result in other locations becoming underserved.
Lack of access and funding for protection partners is hampering scale up of the protection response in Tonj North. Critical funding for GBV activities was highlighted especially in collective site locations where people are in overcrowded living conditions with limited access to safe shelter and WASH services.
An estimated 1.4 million people were reached with protection services, including child protection and protection from gender based violence.
The third phase was launched in September 2020 running in parallel with phases 1 and 2 and involved Jonglei State dykes repairs. This phase is meant for an initial period of 2 4 years. The stakeholders involved in the Jonglei State dyke repairs include the Jonglei State Government, the Floods Management Initiative  ( FMI ) , WFP, IOM and UNMISS.
The combined impact of the high inflationary trends and increasing prices of basic goods and services have resulted in reduced purchasing power for most households and reduced ability to meet their food and nutrition needs. ( December 2019 )
During the reporting period, nutrition partners provided assistance for 586 under five children and 318 pregnant and lactating women through 10 static nutritional facilities, 4 outreach sites and 1 stabilization centre.
Sample collection kits for cholera, measles, meningitis and COVID 19 have been distributed to all health centres and time spent to send samples to Juba or elsewhere for analyses has reduced.
The upsurge in food prices had a two fold impact: increased requirements for cash based transfers  ( CBT )  programmes; and, increased humanitarian needs across the board.
The South Sudanese pound depreciated further in 2019 in the parallel market, and the economy continued to have severe foreign exchange shortages, leading to an active parallel market, hard currency and fuel shortages. Foreign currency scarcity and an overvalued official exchange rate has sustained the growth in the currency exchange parallel market. Between July August 2019, the local currency depreciated by between 28 40 percent. On the other hand, the official exchange rate, which is controlled by the Central Bank, remained relatively stable in 2019, although it depreciated slightly when compared to 2018.
Many main markets across the country had high prices, for an example in Wau  ( Western Bhar el Gazal ) , the retail price of white sorghum in July August 2019 was 29 42 percent higher than the same time in 2018 and 131 135 percent higher than the five year average.
Low paid military work is the last resort and a dead end for most young men and women in South Sudan.
While progress was made in February 2020 towards a Unity Government, there has been regrettable delay in constituting the legislature and establishing regional governance structures, thus contributing to the vacuum in governance. Many of the envisaged security and political arrangements have not been established as agreed.
This year, flooding started early and disrupted farming activities, resulting in low crop production for the most affected areas.
An estimated 15,000 people were displaced by fighting in Maban, Upper Nile, while another 6,000 people reportedly crossed into Sudan and Ethiopia. Since April 2020, 3,929 people have tested positive for COVID 19.
IOM in partnership with Norway's Scatec Solar successfully completed the installation of the hybrid solar plant in Malakal in May 2020. . The hybrid solar power facility generates electricity for office space and accommodations for humanitarian organizations and staff
Most IDPs are displaced within their counties of origin and some may therefore find it easier to resume their lives after return, while others may face inhibiting factors, for example, illegal occupation of property or their homes being located in areas of internal boundary disputes.
However, 60% of urban Juba residents could not wash their hands compared with 29% of POC  ( Protection of Civilians )  residents. This coincides with the lower number of WASH facilities available to older people in urban Juba. However other challenges including a lack of money to purchase soap contribute to further challenges.
The United Nations says the country's outbreak is growing rapidly, with nearly 1,900 cases, including more than 50 health workers infected, more than 30 deaths and no way to know the true number of infections
Results from the most recent nutrition surveys conducted in late 2017 showed an average global acute malnutrition  ( GAM )  prevalence of 6.2 per cent and severe acute malnutrition  ( SAM )  prevalence of 0.8 per cent among children aged 6 59 months for the refugee camps, both below the emergency threshold
• The community in Aburoc are questioning the World Vision mobile health service provision as they think such approach does not address the IDPs emergency health needs. They therefore, requested camp management and the government of South Sudan to lobby for a static presence of health services in IDP site.
Back in 2018 and 2019, a resumption of oil production in key oil fields previously damaged and shutdown due to conflict had raised hopes for an oil led recovery. Agriculture and markets began to recover, and investment in the non oil economy improved.
Given that 80 per cent of health services in South Sudan are provided by NGOs, the cluster and partners are supporting high level advocacy efforts to facilitate a continuation of humanitarian assistance.
NFIs distribution absence: Top five counties where the highest proportion of assessed settlements reported that IDPs have arrived within the last three months and that NFI assistance is inaccessible were Uror 25%, Gogrial East 20%, Maridi 19%, Cueibet 18%, Rumbek Centre 17%
Relief actors are responding to heightened humanitarian needs resulting from the compounding shocks of the COVID 19 pandemic and recent flooding.
Although food security is expected to marginally improve with the availability of the main and second season harvests in areas mapped as Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  or Stressed  ( IPC Phase 2 ) , these outcomes remain indicative of acute food insecurity.
Upper Nile  ( 206,938 ) , Warrap  ( 169,189 ) , and Jonglei  ( 163,079 )  States have the highest numbers of IDPs and returnees living farther than 5km from a functional health facility.
• COVID 19 messaging, awareness raising and rumour tracking continues in Naivasha IDP site and Hai Masna Collective Center through a network of community mobilizers and outreach workers trained on delivering messages and collecting community perceptions and concerns.
In partnership with 42 radio stations an average of 8 radio jingles were aired on a daily basis. A total of 50,831 jingles were aired during the reporting period, and talk shows hosting different content experts and influencers were also broadcasted. In total 6,346 community mobilisers in 10 states were oriented on COVID 19, and 28,539 community influencers which include religious leaders, uniformed personnel, teachers and community leaders were oriented on COVID 19.
The agency has started to pre position food stocks ahead of that rainy season, “to ensure that crucial food assistance reaches the most vulnerable populations without delay during the lean season', reported Mr. Phiri.  [ Tomson Phiri, spokesperson of the World Food Programme  ( WFP )  ]
Approximately 7.2 million South Sudanese have been pushed into severe food insecurity due again to sporadic violence, extreme weather and the economic impact of COVID 19', said WFP spokesperson, Tomson Phiri, spokesperson of the World Food Programme  ( WFP ) . He added that “this figure includes over 100,000 people who are in those hard to reach areas of 6 counties who are at risk of famine. They are literally one step away from famine according to the Famine Review Committee report.'
200+ handwashing devices built; whilst maintaining 705 on a weekly basis  [ by IOM, Quarter3 2020 ]
In May 2019, parties to the agreement unanimously decided to extend the pre transitional phase by six months. This second deadline for the formation of an inclusive transitional unity government in South Sudan by 12 November 2019 part of the second peace agreement in the last four years was pushed back by 100 days in order to allow for critical tasks to be completed but nevertheless delaying further its implementation.
“Violence and localized conflicts in many parts of the country also drive up humanitarian needs, and the impact again ofCOVID 19on markets, services and people's ability to move around have increased their vulnerability', said OCHA's Jens Laerke.
The UN World Food Programme  ( WFP )  estimates that 60 percent of the population is increasingly hungry.
Protection partners supported 28 unaccompanied and separated children, including 17 girls and 11 boys with family identification and reunification service in Pibor and Gumuruk town.
Most people with friends already in Khartoum try to get to Kosti and then contact them to help with money and connections to al rakm al watan dealers, so they can get to the city.
Camp management continued to advocate for the inclusion of a new caseload of 721 individuals in food assistance programmes through the Protection Cluster and in relevant forums.
From October to January, food insecurity is expected to remain severe in 16 counties in Jonglei, Upper Nile, Warrap, Unity, and Lakes, where high proportions of the population will continue to face large food consumption gaps or utilize coping strategies indicative of Emergency  ( IPC Phase 4 ) .
Sustained, high levels of humanitarian food assistance beyond currently planned levels are required to save lives and protect livelihoods in South Sudan.
9% of schools were attacked in Western Bahr el Ghazal.
Medicair: Create Community Awareness On Prevention and Control of COVID 19 in Abrouc, Fashoda, Upper Nile State
In 2019 and early 2020 South Sudan was afflicted by unprecedented flooding across the country; and for a second consecutive year June – September with key factors being  ( 1 )  the heavy 2019 rainfall; associated high soil moisture content; the ‘unprecedented recorded water levels' in Lake Victoria & Albert; and the heavy rainfall draining from the Ethiopian highlands.
2.19M South Sudanese Refugees. ( Who moved out of South Sudan )   [ data as of November 2020 ]
301K Refugees in South Sudan  ( who came to South Sudan )   [ data as of November 2020 ]
In the meantime, the virus continues to spread in South Sudan. The Ministry of Health has confirmed 1,916 cases of COVID 19 infections, 35 deaths due to the virus, and 190 recoveries.
Distribution of soap for the affected families
306K Refugees in South Sudan
IOM Core Pipeline supported two partners to integrate COVID 19 infection, prevention, and control in their flood response in Bor South, Jonglei, and Panyikang, Upper Nile, through the provision of critical WASH items, including multi purpose soap, buckets, and water purification tablets  ( Aquatabs ) .
In January, the Logistics Cluster facilitated the transport of 633 mt of humanitarian cargo to 57 destinations on behalf of 40 organisations, of which 26% was transported by river and road.
4 June 2020   The government of South Korea donates 100 coronavirus testing kits and 20,000 facemasks.
Households able to access a borehole or tapstand in under 30 minutes, without facing protection concerns, is very low, at 34 per cent coverage. This is a condition which affects the safety of women and girls disproportionately, as they are called upon uniquely to source water for the family.
In mid May, hundreds of Murle men conducted a coordinated attack against Lou Nuer communities, targeting over a dozen villages in Uror county. The ensuing fight between the two sides resulted in the killing of hundreds of people and the displacement of thousands of civilians.
The pandemic is also worsening what was already a major problem in South Sudan: hunger. Most border crossings are closed, and food prices in the markets have shot up. Now the rainy season has started, making transport and storage more difficult.
Three of the six camps have no virus screening at the gate, according to a U.N. migration agency document dated this month. One camp has no facility to isolate the sick.
The ceasefire has held in most parts of the country, with an overall reduction in political violence between the signatories to the R ARCSS, particularly the South Sudan People's Defence Force  ( SSPDF ) , formerly known as Sudan People's Liberation Army  ( SPLA )  loyal to President Kiir, and SPLA in Opposition loyal to Riek Machar. However, the revitalized agreement did not include every armed group and the non signature from National Salvation Front  ( NAS ) , led by former military official Thomas Cirillo, has caused political unrest and localized conflict in Central Equatoria between NAS, SSPDF and SPLA in Opposition.
3 international and national NGOs trained on financial reporting by IOM UN Migration
A key issue affecting security is the future of former fighters. R ARCSS requires soldiers from the signatory armed groups to be integrated into the country's military or police.
All signatory parties have agreed to commence cantonment of opposition forces in 25 sites and SSPDF in 10 major barracks.
Between 2016 and 2019, the Ministry of Health with support from WHO mapped for bilharzia, elephantiasis, intestinal worms in 57 of the 79 counties that had mapping gaps to understand the endemicity for a targeted response.
Food security: Consideration to distribute missed July food reported by respondents to cushion current impact of floods and hosting of flood displaced IDPs. • Provision of fishing kits to the communities. ( Aug 2020 )
Majority of the community/families have migrated to the nearby villages around Old Fangak which they can see as the safer place for now from flooding and which they can also see as an opportunity to access food due to the proximity to the market.
321,341 individuals reached by IOM UN Migration through various sectors
Inadequate food intakes which can lead to malnutrition in family's household's all over the assessed places. Poor hygiene and sanitation which can lead to diseases which later will resolves into malnutrition
Recommendations:Scale up volume and outreach of food and NFIs to remote and outlying areas  ( outside Pibor town )
SHELTER/NFI PRIORITY NEEDS AND RECOMMENDATIONS : Provision of immediate shelter and other essential lifesaving NFIs to be distributed to enable the affected households to construct shelter for themselves. This will at least give some dignity to the affected people.
Engage high risk communities and their leaders on risk communication for cholera prevention
There's been an increase in deaths related to respiratory tract infections at that camp in Bentiu, WHO official Wamala Joseph told reporters last week, though it's not clear whether they were from the virus. Testing is difficult as all samples must be flown to the capital. “This is a very vulnerable population,' he said.
A lot of destruction took place during the onset of flooding. The impacts have drastically interrupted the livelihood of the affected population.
In 82 nutrition sites with structures damaged and the 47 nutrition sites made inaccessible by the floods, services were continued through mobile teams where boats and porters were used to the affected people. Some nutrition sites with structures affected by floods were relocated to higher ground to enable continuity of nutrition service provision.
The government's loosening of lockdown measures last month was “perceived as an indication that the disease is not in South Sudan,' the Health Ministry said. Bars, restaurants and shops are open after people said they feared hunger more than the disease.
As of 31 January 2021, GBV sub cluster members reached 41,890 individuals with GBV flood response in Twic East, Tonj South, Nasir, Akobo, Mayendit, Leer, Panyijar, Duk, Pibor, Bor South, Juba, and Yei. This included 1,344 individuals reached in December 2020 with case management and awareness in Yei, Bor South, Pibor, and Juba.
( 25th March, 2020 ) South Sudan Closes Borders: Closure of Juba airport and all borders for passengers. Curfew across the country from 8.00am   6.00am. Public institutions working half day  ( 7.30am   1.00pm )
Physical access to some remote and deep field locations delayed response. As of 31 January 2021, some areas in Jonglei and Upper Nile were still not accessible due to high flood water levels. (  ES NFI )
A pre emptive oral cholera campaign  ( OCV )  was concluded in Bor. During the first round of OCV campaign in December 2020, a total of 63, 280 people were vaccinated representing coverage of 88 per cent. During the second round of the campaign ended on 14 January 2021, a total of 56,615 people were vaccinated against a target of 71,852 people representing 78.8 per cent coverage.
Rehabilitation of existing water points to be scaled up to complement the delivery of temporary services with sustained solutions, especially in flood affected locations that also face high food insecurity.
The privacy of the girls and women has been compromised as they find it difficult to bath and change their clothes due to the sharing of accommodation. They young girls reported that they are not comfortable sharing accommodation with the elderly.
Flood preparedness  ( rainy season )  : Encourage national government to support state institutions
The IDPs communities interviewed reported that they have lost some cooking utensils, clothes and shelter while women and children and elderly people are the most vulnerable however both groups  ( IDPs & Host )  communities are equally affected by the floods.
Provision of emergency pit latrines to avoid open defecation for better hygiene. This will minimize exposing girls women and children to risk of gender exploitation and abuse including danger from snake bits.
Flood preparedness  ( rainy season )  : Train local communities local authorities as first responders on early warning systems
Provision of shelter, food, education and other essential properties and non  food items such as Mosquito net, Blankets, Kitchen set, Plastics sheet and soap including cooking utensils since the lost their cooking utensils due to displacement from flooding.
Children need to be protected from any harm, forced and early marriage and to train their parents so that, they will not force children to get marriage very earlier when they are still under the age of 18 years old.
07 Feb 2021 ; 94 new COVID  19 cases bringing the total to 4,609 confirmed cases.
Persons with disabilities face stigma, at times even at the family level, which prevents them from obtaining assistance in everyday tasks.
UNHAS also continues to provide dedicated support to flood response, transporting Inter Cluster Working Group missions to flood affected areas.
Stop Poverty Communal Initiative: Provision of Basic WASH Services to Vulnerable Host Communities, IDPs and Returnees in Yei County to Mitigate Impacts of COVID 19
Child labor: Most of children under age of 13 years are doing heavy load or involved in any economic activities for them to survive and children below the minimum age for work between 14 and 16 engaged in more than light work.
Kapoeta East county is classified as a high risk of cholera from the cholera hotspot mapping. Kapoeta East reported 2,106 cases including 26 deaths during the 2016/2017 cholera outbreak. Two rounds of oral cholera vaccination campaigns were conducted in Kapoeta East in 2017 with coverage of 88% and 78% respectively
Confirmed Cases  ( IDPs ) :  Juba IDP Camps  ( 1 & 3 )  6 Bor IDP Camp 0 Naivasha IDP Camp  0 Bentiu PoC 161 Malakal PoC 41 Active Cases  ( IDPs ) :  Malakal PoC 1  [ As of 15 February 2021 ]
Some media outlets, including Sudan Tribune, United Nations run Radio Miraya, and Radio Tamazuj, have been blocked from time to time. Radio has long been a popular source of information for people across the country, including South Sudan Broadcasting Corporation, Eye Radio and Radio Miraya.
In November UN House's Boda Boda Talk Talk  ( Juba )  programme aired various programmes related to COVID 19.
The flooding has affected most of the nutrition OTP/TSFP sites, with some nutrition sites having to be relocated to higher lands or grounds.
As of August 2015, the IDP population of Malakal PoC site reached an estimated 47,000 individuals when households belonging to the Shilluk tribe entered the PoC to escape fighting in Malakal.
Boma Health workers need boots and plastic clear bag to keep the data collecting tools while walking in water and when raining in Cueibet & Wulu County.
Beneficiaries reached by sector : WASH   43K HEALTH   180K FSL   90K PROTECTION   8,059
Gumbo is located at the center of 20 villages along the left bank of the Nile River, while the town of Juba and other villages are on the right bank. There are no proper hospitals or dispensaries in any of these 20 villages. The nearest one is the hospital of Juba.
Persons with visual impairments in particular face barriers in accessing information shared in writing or through imagery
18 trucks allocated for Common Transportation Service  ( CTS ) .  [  IOM UN MIGRATION )
As of 29 January 2021, 3.4 million people were registered in SCOPE.
In South Sudan, and beyond its borders, young men and women find many pathways into migrant and military work. These pathways are underpinned and catalyzed by the repressive local economy in the Bahr el Ghazal borderland with southern Darfur in Sudan.
The first three barge voyages from Kosti, Sudan, are on the Nile heading for Melut, Upper Nile State and Bor, Jonglei State, South Sudan. A total of ten barges are carrying 3,233 mt of sorghum, pulses, oil and salt.
ONO AID: Create Community Awareness on Prevention, Response and Control of COVID 19 Spread in Terekeka County, Central Equatoria State
Police work also offers some safer opportunities, particularly if a young person manages to get assigned to customs and immigration departments. Young workers call these ‘wet bits' of work  ( as opposed to ‘dry bits' of work, which have few opportunities to earn any profit ) .Generally, a young person now needs personal recommendations to get a police and national security job.
The flood disaster in many parts of the country has displaced citizens and forced them to live in crowded shelter, which again is providing additional risks related to the spread of the COVID 19 virus.
Climate change exacerbates existing vulnerabilities and grievances, which can increase the risk of cattle raiding, looting and communal conflict.
Clashes involving forces affiliated with Major General Ochan Puot and SPLM/A IO in Upper Nile resulted in at least 6 civilians killed and 5 injured, bringing the total of civilian casualties to at least 48 killed and 13 injured since clashes began in July 2019.
In August, the Logistics Cluster facilitated the transport of 500 mt of humanitarian cargo to 51 destinations on behalf of 43 organisations, of which 34% was transported by river and road.
32,917 individuals reached with health promotion messages by IOM August 2020
Living conditions are unbearable reported with about five to eight family members sleeping in the same house and estimated about 20 people per household eating from the same pot. Families displaced are in dire need of humanitarian assistance