nlp-thedeep/humsetbias huggingface dataset:
[ 6th Sep 2021, Bama ]  Women reported working on farms owned by the host community members and the military for a meagre amount ranging from NGN200 250,  ( less than USD1 )  for 7 hours without drinking water and are often not paid for this work. It was reported that some women have been forced into survival/transactional sex for about NGN 200  ( as a means to buy food ) .
[ 6th Sep 2021, Bama ]  Facilities in the camps are barely able to provide for basic needs such as adequate healthcare, food and nutrition and water and sanitation. The lack of access to services is leading to women and children adopting negative coping mechanisms. Adequate shelter is also lacking. These conditions are not of only a protection concern but is also a serious public health concern.
[ 6th Sep 2021, Bama ]  Rainy season emergency response: As the rainy season arrived, flash floods in July and August compounded the dire shelter situation in the camp. Heavy rainfall on 8 August 2021 damaged 933 emergency shelters, forcing affected camp residents to sleep in the open together with the new arrivals whilst their shelters were being repaired.
[ 6th Sep 2021, Bama ]  Bama GSSS IDP camp is witnessing a sharp increase of new IDP arrivals due to people coming out of surrounding areas, as well as the ongoing surrender of members of the NSAGs. Over 4,000 people arrived between May and August, of which 2,000 in the last week of August. The arrivals, mostly women, children, and the elderly, continue to arrive daily originating mostly from Sambisa forest, Dara Jamal, and five other locations surrounding Bama town beyond the reach of international humanitarian actors.
[ 6th Sep 2021, Bama ]  Food : Families are receiving support through cash vouchers  ( NGN36,000 equivalent to approx. USD 87.00 )  and in kind assistance. In August, WFP/Intersos assisted 11,994 HHs through cash vouchers and 9,712 HHs with general food distribution for both GSSS Camp and the host community. Vendors supplying food items to cash vouchers beneficiaries have reported an increase in food prices, while partners distributing food have been faced with a shortage of beans and vegetable oil.
[ 6th Sep 2021, Bama ]  Shelter and camp decongestion: According to UNHCR, as of 3 September, 366 households  ( about 2,000 IDPs and returnees )  of the recent arrivals have no shelters and are sleeping outside in the open – exposed to the vagaries of the inclement weather. They are also exposed to protection risks, including gender based violence. Data from IOM indicate that 201 households  ( 550 people )  are residing in communal shelters at the reception centre, 46 households  ( 142 people )  are living in transit sheds while 483 households  ( 1,588 people )  share shelters with relatives in the camp
[ 1st Sep 2021, Bama ]  In a desperate effort to find some income, some 177 individuals from the GSSS camp reportedly ventured out of Bama on 1 September to fetch firewood in neighbouring Sabasawa village where they were attacked by non state armed group  ( NSAGs )  operatives. On 2 September, 11 people returned, 48 people were reported to have been killed, and 118 are still unaccounted for, according to the State Emergency Management Agency  ( SEMA ) .
[ 6th Sep 2021, Bama ]  In addition to food and shelter, it is reported that no dignity kits and NFIs have been made available for new arrivals. Women also reported shortages of water in camps, leading to poor hygiene practices, open defecation and protection risks particularly for women and girls. Latrines are in bad conditions, with no locks and lights, posing a protection risk.
[ 6th Sep 2021, Bama ]  The frequency of food distributions has steadily deteriorated, and distribution duration also extended from 30 days to 42 days. The delay in distribution, reduction in food rations, and limited availability of food in the market has left many families unable to meet food needs resulting in the spike of illnesses and acute malnutrition especially among children. The lack of food is causing many women   who had previously come out of unreached/inaccessible locations  to return to these high risk areas, leaving their children behind.
[ 13th 19th Sep 2021, Adamawa ]  Gombi: 161 departures were recorded in Gombi LGA of Adamawa State. The departures included 151 individuals to Hong LGA in Adamawa State, and 10 individuals to Michika LGA in Adamawa State. Fifty eight per cent of the movements were a result of the improved security situation in areas of origin, and 42 per cent of the movements were due to poor living conditions.
[ 12th Sept 2021, Borno State ]  The total number of suspected cholera cases reported as at 12th September 2021 stands at 1,167 with 71 associated deaths,  ( CFR – 6.0% ) . 780 cases from Gwoza, 74 from Damboa, 189 from Hawul, 7 from Magumeri, 33 from Kaga, 12 from MMC, 35 from Jere and 7 from Askira Uba LGAs.
During the period 11   17 September 2021, 173 movements were observed at four Points of Entry in Borno state. Of the total movements recorded, 104 were incoming from the Far North Region in Cameroon and 1 incoming from Ndjamena in the Republic of Chad. Additionally, 65 outgoing movements were recorded from Borno State to the Far North Region in Cameroon.
[ 12th Sept 2021, Borno State ]  Case management: SMOH and health sector partners  ( WHO, MSF, ICRC, MDM )  continue to support with managing of the CTCs/CTU and provision of medical supplies in all the affected LGAs.
[ 6th 12th Sep 2021 Borno and Adamawa ]  ETT assessments identified the following movement triggers: voluntary relocation  ( 3,522 individuals or 79% ) , poor living conditions  ( 527 individuals or 12% ) , improved security  ( 282 individuals or 6% ) , flood  ( 40 individuals or 1% ) , fear of attack  ( 29 individuals or 1% ) , and seasonal farming  ( 26 individuals or 1% )
[ 13th 19th Sep 2021, Adamawa ]  Hong: 114 arrivals and 65 departures were recorded in Hong LGA of Adamawa State. The arrivals included 80 individuals from within Hong LGA, and 34 individuals from Mubi North LGA in Adamawa State. The departures included 39 individuals to Askira/Uba LGA in Borno State, and 26 individuals to Song LGA in Adamawa State. Fifty five per cent of the movements recorded were due to poor living conditions, 33 per cent of the movements were a result of the improved security situation in areas of origin, and 12 per cent of the movements were due to voluntary relocation.
Between 06 and 12 September 2021, a total of 4,426 movements were recorded in the states of Adamawa and Borno. The recorded movements consisted of 3,840 arrivals and 586 departures. Arrivals were recorded at locations in Askira/Uba, Bama, Gwoza, and Monguno Local Government Areas  ( LGAs )  of the most conflict affected state of Borno and in Fufore, Girei, Hong, Lamurde, Maiha, Michika, Mubi North, Song, Yola North, and Yola South LGAs of Adamawa. Departures were recorded in Askira/Uba and Kala/Balge LGA of Borno, and Demsa, Fufore, Gombi, Hong, Lamurde, Maiha, Michika, Mubi North, and Mubi South LGAs of Adamawa.
During the period 04   10 September 2021, 280 movements were observed at three Points of Entry in Borno state. Of the total movements recorded, 123 were incoming from the Far North Region in Cameroon. Additionally, 157 outgoing movements were recorded from Borno State to the Far North Region in Cameroon.
[ 6th 12th Sep 2021 Borno ]  Askira/Uba: 142 arrivals and 102 departures were recorded in Askira/Uba LGA of Borno State. The arrivals included 79 individuals from Chibok LGA in Borno State, 44 individuals from within Askira/Uba LGA in Borno State, and 19 individuals from Yola South LGA in Adamawa State. The departures included 82 individuals to Hong LGA in Adamawa State, and 20 individuals to Askira/Uba LGA in Borno State. Fifty eight per cent of the movements were a result of the improved security situation in areas of origin, and 48 per cent of the movements were due to poor living conditions.
[ 6th 12th Sep 2021, Adamawa ]  Hong: 171 arrivals and 19 departures were recorded in Hong LGA of Adamawa State. The arrivals included 83 individuals from Askira/Uba LGA in Borno State, and 31 individuals from within Hong LGA in Adamawa State. All individuals who departed had Maiha LGA in Adamawa State as their intended destination. Fifty four per cent of the movements recorded were due to poor living conditions, 16 per cent of the movements were a result of the improved security situation in areas of origin, 16 per cent of the movements were due to voluntary relocation, and 14 per cent of the movements were triggered by seasonal farming
[ 3rd 5th Sep 2021, Adamawa ]  Mubi North: 44 arrivals and 120 departures were recorded in Mubi North LGA of Adamawa State. The arrivals included 26 individuals from Madagali LGA in Adamawa State, and 18 individuals from Hong LGA in Adamawa State. The departures included 42 individuals to Mubi South LGA in Adamawa State, 39 individuals to Hong LGA in Adamawa State, 29 individuals to Askira/Uba LGA in Borno State, and 10 individuals to Yola South LGA in Adamawa State. Seventyeight per cent of the movements were due to poor living conditions, and 22 per cent of the movements were due to voluntary relocation.
[ 8th Sep 2021, Jere ]  There is need for food, health facilities, shelter and WASH facilities in the camps and camp like settings where the IDPs have been relocated. This is a result of the congestion of some of the camps cause by the new influx of IDPs. There is a need for additional boreholes in the Shuwari Kalari settlement in Jere LGA, and in the new settlement in Ngowom, a village in Loskuri ward in Mafa LGA. Additionally, in the Shuwari Kalari settlement, an estimated 300 households are still in need of shelter
[ 3rd 5th Sep 2021, Adamawa ]  Hong: 200 arrivals and 29 departures were recorded in Hong LGA of Adamawa State. The arrivals included 89 individuals from Maiha LGA in Adamawa State, 51 individuals from Askira/Uba LGA in Borno State, 39 individuals from Mubi North LGA in Adamawa State, and 21 individuals from within Hong LGA in Adamawa State. All individuals who departed had Hong LGA in Adamawa State as their intended destination. Sixty nine per cent of the movements recorded were due to poor living conditions, 22 per cent of the movements were a result of the improved security situation in areas of origin, and 9 per cent of the movements were due to voluntary relocation.
[ 1st Jul 2021, Nigeria ] Food prices continued to increase, causing further erosion to the purchasing power of vulnerable households. As of June 2021, the food minimum expenditure basket value increased over 20 percent from September 2020, when the FSS made its first recommendation to increase food transfer values for vulnerable households.
[ 8th Sep 2021, Jere ]  An estimated number of 23,782 individuals or 4,323 households were relocated from Farm Center Camp to various locations in the state. Parts of the IDP population organised the relocation themselves, others were assisted by the Borno State Government. Of the total IDP movement, 9,536 individuals or 1,656 households relocated to locations in the LGAs Jere, Konduga and Maiduguri M.C. The great majority are currently residing within host communities in Maiduguri Town. IDPs originating from the LGA Konduga have relocated to their locations of origin. The remaining 14,246 individuals or 2,667 households were relocated to camps and camp like settings in the LGAs Bama, Dikwa, Jere, Mafa and Ngala as shown in the table below. The relocation towards Ngala LGA is still ongoing as there has been a delay on the transit.
Challenges: Lack of medications in the health facilities is hindering access to health care for most refugees who cannot pay for health services, due to lack of livelihood opportunities. There is no COVID 19 compliant ambulance for emergency evacuations in Adikpo, Ogoja and Takum  ( BCT States ) . Lack of transportation to facilitate emergency cases and other referrals in these locations remains a major challenge for refugees and locals.
Between 30 August and 05 September 2021, a total of 2,049 movements were recorded in the states of Adamawa and Borno. The recorded movements consisted of 1,761 arrivals and 433 departures. Arrivals were recorded at locations in Askira/Uba, Bama, Gwoza, Monguno, and Ngala Local Government Areas  ( LGAs )  of the most conflict affected state of Borno and in Demsa, Fufore, Gombi, Hong, Lamurde, Maiha, Michika, Mubi North, Mubi South, Numan, Song, Yola North, and Yola South LGAs of Adamawa. Departures were recorded in Askira/Uba LGA of Borno, and Hong, Lamurde, Maiha, Michika, Mubi North, and Mubi South LGAs of Adamawa.
[ 3rd 5th Sep 2021, Borno and Adamawa ]  ETT assessments identified the following movement triggers: voluntary relocation  ( 859 individuals or 42% ) , poor living conditions  ( 835 individuals or 41% ) , improved security  ( 280 individuals or 14% ) , flood  ( 52 individuals or 2% ) , seasonal farming  ( 19 individuals or less than 1% ) , and military operations  ( 4 individuals or less than 1% ) .
[ 3rd 5th Sep 2021, Borno ]  Bama: 553 arrivals were recorded in Bama LGA of Borno State. The arrivals included 320 individuals from within Bama LGA, in Borno State and 233 individuals from Marwa region in Cameroon. Seventy nine per cent of the movements were due to voluntary relocation, and 21 per cent were due to poor living conditions
During the period 28 August   03 September 2021, 147 movements were observed at three Points of Entry in Borno state. Of the total movements recorded, 101 were incoming from the Far North Region in Cameroon and 2 from Ndjamena in Chad. Additionally, 44 outgoing movements were recorded from Borno State to the Far North Region in Cameroon.
[ 1st Jul 2021, BAY states ] Incidents of criminal activity and inter communal clashes impacting food, crops, and health facilities in Borno, Yobe and Adamawa States increased 122 percent during June July as compared with the same period last year. Severe food insecurity in northeast Nigeria and Government resettlement plans in Borno State are likely to increase risks to civilians in unreached and hard toreach areas, while disrupting food assistance and facilities provided by WFP and cooperating partners.
[ 1st Jul 2021, Borno ]  Food Security: • The June 2021 report of the Famine Monitoring System for Inaccessible Areas – led by the Government and supported by Food Security Sector  ( FSS )  partners – indicated Bama, Gwoza, Kukawa and Magumeri LGAs of Borno State face high risk of catastrophic food insecurity. Following findings of elevated food consumption gaps, malnutrition and extensive or unsustainable use of emergency coping strategies, the report concluded that these unreached areas should be closely monitored.
More than 160 new arrivals were identified and profiled by UNHCR and partners in BCT States. They fled following renewed violence in their communities in the South West region of Cameroon. Urgent needs remain food, healthcare, sleeping mats, and blankets. Over 30 detention monitoring visits were undertaken by UNHCR and partners to several Police stations, Correctional Centres, Nigerian Security and Civil Defence Corps, to provide legal support to refugees in detention and advocate against the arbitrary arrest and detention of refugees in BCT States.
Challenges: The main gap in the WASH sector remains inadequate water supply in the refugee settlements, despite the construction and rehabilitation of over 15 boreholes by UNHCR. The yield remains insufficient and merely meets about 40 percent of refugees' water need. UNHCR is currently operating a water treatment plant at a very high cost to supplement the water needs of refugees. Moreover, latrines and bathing facilities are inadequate in the refugee settlements.
Challenges: Because of COVID 19, prices of basic food commodities in refugee hosting areas have increased significantly, by 30% on average on core food commodities, compared to early 2020. The cash assistance for food provided to refugees has been inconsistent, due to funding constraint. Food remains one of the critical needs of refugees in settlements and host communities.
Challenges: Shortage of teachers across public schools where refugees are enrolled, significantly affects the quality of education provided to refugees and locals. The teacher/student ratio is over 1:100. UNHCR continues to advocate with the national education authorities for deployment of teachers. In Adagom, Ukende and Ikyogen settlements, refugee children with specific needs have limited access to education, given the long distance to commute from the refugee settlements to the schools.
[ 1st Jul 2021, North east Nigeria ] During food distribution near a camp in Monguno, a stampede led to the death of 7 people, including 6 women aged between 20 and 36 years and a 2 year old boy. Many others also sustained varying degrees of injuries during the incident, which was blamed on poor crowd management and invasion by unregistered IDPs and host community members. UNHCR and its partners have since started massive advocacy to prevent any future similar occurrences.
In July, the Northeast Nigeria and Lake Chad Basin areas witnessed intensified security and political activities, which greatly hampered general humanitarian response. The none state armed groups  ( NSAGs )  continued to terrorise communities in different UNHCR operational locations in Northeast Nigeria, causing fear, panic, and inability to go to farms. They also attacked and killed Cameroonian soldiers several times at the Nigeria Cameroon borders within a very short period. This forced the UN to temporarily suspend humanitarian activities in the area.
[ 1st Jul 2021, North east Nigeria ]  Economic impact of the COVID 19 pandemic continued to take its toll on the vulnerable civilian and displaced populations in Northeast Nigeria and the Lake Chad Basin region. Most people still run the risk of getting infected because of non compliance to prevention protocols, but prices of basic commodities continue to skyrocket, leaving many at the mercy of humanitarian assistance. The situation is worsened by the reluctance or refusal of most people to receive the COVID 19 vaccines as part of misconceptions. However, in its COVID 19 vaccination campaign, the Government in the Northeast have continued to target frontline workers in the region as a measure of curbing the spread of the virus.
[ 1st Jul 2021, North east Nigeria ] In Yobe State, NSAG members attacked Gujba local government area and looted a large quantity of food items and fuel before retreating. Security forces drafted a reinforcement from Buni Yadi to the scene, but the insurgents left before they arrive. Meanwhile, fighters also raided the residence of a local vigilante leader in Ngirbuwa village, killing 2 of his children and 5 other members of the community. The vigilante leader was not at home at the time of the raid. The fighters also raided a newly reconstructed health facility in the village but found no drugs, so, they retreated. These constant attacks have continued to instill constant fear and tension in most return communities and villages within Gujba local government area.
[ 1st Jul 2021, North east Nigeria ] The IDP returnees also faced limited access to cooking fuel, a concern that UNHCR resolved by advocating for fuel efficiency stove and briquettes as alternative sources of cooking fuel in the return areas. The connection between safe sources of energy and gender based violence  ( GBV )  unfortunately continues to be registered especially for women and girls as they go about fetching firewood for domestic purposes. After the return exercise, GBV cases were reported, including denial of resources, physical assaults, and sexual exploitation, some of which resulted in family separations in return locations, such as Bama, Gwoza, Monguno, and Ngala.
[ 1st Jul 2021, North east Nigeria ] Impact of incidents on civilian populations: Most of the incidents were recorded in GBV, attacks by NSAGs with attendant destruction of properties, physical assault and devastating floods/windstorms caused by heavy rains. These have exacerbated the pre existing vulnerabilities of the people UNHCR is serving, leading to further hardship and negative coping mechanisms.
[ 1st Jul 2021, North east Nigeria ] Alleged perpetrators: It was found that 28.41% of the alleged perpetrators included family members, especially for GBV cases; 23.86% unknown cases; 21.59% cases caused by NSAG; 11.36% cases by host community members; 10.28% cases by civilian populations; and 2.27% cases by the army and some humanitarian actors. However, most humanitarian actors, including UNHCR and partners, have continued to engage stakeholders to protect those at risk and provide support to survivors/victims, while ensuring that perpetrators are brought to justice through the organisation's Access to Justice project, in coordination with other humanitarian bodies.
[ 1st Jul 2021, North east Nigeria ] Cross Border Movements: In July, UNHCR and partners continued to record movements across the borders between Nigeria and its neighbors. For instance, between the NigerNigeria border in the Damasak local government area, the movements were not as frequent when compared to previous months before the onset of the rains. There was a rise in the water level in the Ali Shuwa river, situated between Damasak and Niger, which made crossing difficult for many. However, GISCOR recorded the movement of more than 60 refugee returnees into Damasak from various locations in Niger Republic, including Awaridi, Toumour, Garin Wanzam, and Diffa. Reasons for their return to Nigeria included insecurity and poor living conditions in Niger. Although they were allocated shelters at Government Secondary School camp, where they are currently residing, most of the returnees urgently need food and none food items  ( NFIs ) .
On 14 July, unidentified persons broke into the UNHCR protection desk at Agric camp of Dikwa local government area and stole solar batteries. Partners quickly reported the incident to the community elders, the civilian joint task force and the police. The police arrested two suspects and instituted investigations. The stolen items were recovered two days later. Solar panels and batteries are some of the most valuable and expensive items, particularly in Maiduguri and its vicinities where there is lack of electricity.
[ 1st Jul 2021, North east Nigeria ] Key Informant Interviews  ( KIIs )  and observations equally revealed serious protection concerns such as limited access to food, livelihoods, protection safety nets, and NFIs among the returned people  ( IDPs and IDP returnees ) , especially in their return locations. Such limited access to basic services continued to negatively impact many families. Also, heavy rainfalls and windstorms caused disastrous flooding of camps and host communities, thereby destroying shelters, food and NFIs exacerbating further hardship on beneficiaries, amid the COVID 19 pandemic in places like Bama, Banki, Monguno, Pulka, Damasak, Damboa, Rann, and camps in the MMC and Jere local government areas in Borno State, as well as Gujba and Damaturu in Yobe State
[ 1st Jul 2021, North east Nigeria ] Adamawa State was relatively calm and peaceful during most parts of July. However, NSAG members attacked Dabna community in Hong local government area, considered the food basket of the State, killing 18 people and injuring several others, who were referred for medical attention. The rate of kidnapping also reduced during the period under review, with 2 kidnaping cases recorded in Madanya community of Mubi South local government area and Yadium ward in Fufore local government area. NSAG also attacked Midul Primary Centre in Madagali local government area, carting away mattresses, solar panels, and medical supplies. To curtail these common criminal activities, the Adamawa State Government imposed a night curfew for tricycle riders from 2200hrs to 800hrs. The insecurity in the State was also reportedly compromised by cases of Cholera in Yola North and Girei local government areas. However, UNHCR partners and government actors have continued to intensify response to the outbreak.
[ 1st Jul 2021, North east Nigeria ] Internal Displacements: Internal movements leading to secondary displacements continued to be observed in the Borno, Adamawa, and Yobe  ( BAY )  States as insecurity persistently forced newly displaced people, especially from inaccessible areas, into camps. The trend was observed in some villages and localities in Bama, Gwoza, Dikwa, and Pulka local government areas, among others. The movements in these areas were mainly linked to lack of access to basic amenities like food, shelters, and NFIs in the camps or areas of return. For instance, people recently returned by the Borno State Government from Muna Garage camp to Mafa were seen returning to Jere and the Maiduguri Metropolitan Centre  ( MMC )  due to attacks in Mafa, particularly in Ajiri ward. On 17 18 July, almost 75 families arrived at Farm Centre camp in Maiduguri.
[ 20th Sept 2021, Borno State ]  The total number of suspected cholera cases reported as at 19th September 2021 stands at 1,407 with 90 associated deaths,  ( CFR – 6.4% ) . 919 cases from Gwoza, 95 from Damboa, 210 from Hawul, 7 from Magumeri, 44 from Kaga, 12 from MMC, 48 from Jere and 11 from Askira Uba LGAs.
[ 12th Sept 2021, Borno State ]  Jere LGA: AAH, GGSI, HOPE 360, SI, MALTESER Intl, IOM, CIDAR & ZOA have reached 45,620 Individuals with hygiene promotion messaging on Cholera awareness and prevention, COVID I9 prevention, handwashing and general hygiene promotion messages with soap distribution across in IDP Camps  ( formal and informal )  and host communities. A total of 18 areas conducted clean up campaigns, with over 2,386,877 liters of water chlorinated within the period. 5,595 Pieces of soap was distributed to improve personal hygiene and handwashing in IDP camps and host communities in Jere LGA.
[ 12th Sept 2021, Borno State ]  Challenges: Increased water trucking needs in Damboa, Pulka, Dikwa, MMC, Damasak. Lack of storage and challenges with transportation of bulk materials have slowed down the need to start water trucking and repair of broken down boreholes in Damasak. Inadequate rapid diagnostic kits for cholera diagnosis. Inadequate Intravenous fluids, ORS and antibiotics for case management. Lack of access to Rann, Kala balge LGA. Shortages of Aqua tabs and soaps and IEC materials.
[ 12th Sept 2021, Borno State ]  Recommendations: Continue community active case search and alert investigation. Improve portable water supply in hotspot communities and point source chlorination. Provision of medical supply to improve case management.
[ 20th Sep 2021, Adamawa ]  Cholera: The total number of cases reported as at 20th September, 2021 stands at 372 suspected cases with 21 deaths  ( CFR=5.6% ) ;Lamurde reported 116 cases with 10 deaths  ( CFR=8.6% ) , Girei reported 53 cases with 2 deaths  ( CFR= 3.7% ) ; Yola North reported 68 suspected case with 1 death  ( CFR= 1.5% ) , Yola South reported 56 suspected cases with 3 death  ( CFR= 5.4% ) , Shelleng reported 18 cases with 0 death  ( CFR=0% ) , Fufore reported 9 cases with 0 deaths  ( CFR=0% ) , Song reported 6 cases with 1 death  ( 16.7% ) , Numan reported 12 cases with 1 death  ( 8.3% )  and Gombi reported 34 cases with 3 death  ( CFR=8.8% ) .
[ 6th Sep  12 Sep 2021, Nigeria ]  Cholera: Twenty seven states and FCT have reported suspected cholera cases in 2021. These are Abia, Adamawa, Bauchi, Bayelsa, Benue, Borno, Cross River, Delta, Ekiti, Enugu, FCT, Gombe, Jigawa, Kaduna, Kano, Katsina, Kebbi, Kogi, Kwara, Nasarawa, Niger, Ogun, Osun, Plateau, Sokoto, Taraba, Yobe, and Zamfara • In the reporting week, 13 states reported 1,182 suspected cases   Bauchi  ( 472 ) , Katsina  ( 194 ) , Borno  ( 106 ) , Jigawa  ( 95 ) , Yobe  ( 80 ) , Kaduna  ( 68 ) , Adamawa  ( 63 ) , Sokoto  ( 38 ) , Gombe  ( 34 ) , Abia  ( 13 ) , Taraba  ( 10 ) , Ogun  ( 8 )  and Niger  ( 1 )
[ 20th Sep 2021, Adamawa ]  Challenges: o Partners are running out of funds to keep track with the expanding areas of transmission. o Few partners presence for Health, WASH & risk communication. o No stipends for case managers supporting the CTC in SSH & Lamurde o Government resources yet to be approved to support the ongoing outbreak o Inadequate water point mapping, profiling, testing, chlorination and supervision across the affected LGAs. Some of the health facilities in affected LGAs have inadequate manpower o Poor sanitation in affected areas o Shortage of Aquatabs for household distribution to treat household drinking water. o Open defecation still ongoing in some of the affected areas o Inadequate supply of Iv fluids and other WASH commodities
[ 20th Sep 2021, Adamawa ]  Cholera: 122 new suspected cases with 8 deaths have been reported within the reporting week. Total suspected case count now stands at 372 with 21 deaths  ( CFR=5.6 % ) . ICRC conducted a capacity building for 25 frontline staff from affected LGAs in cooperation with the ADPHCDA o WHO trained 7 HCWs on case management at the CTC in Lamurde Model center o WHO supplied cholera beds, ORS, IEC materials, Canulars, hand washing points, antibiotics and other communities to set up the CTC in Lamurde LGA
[ 20th Sept 2021, Borno State ]  Case management: SMOH and health sector partners  ( WHO, MSF, ICRC, MDM )  continue to support with managing of the CTCs/CTU and provision of medicalsupplies in all the affected LGAs.
[ 12th Sept 2021, Borno State ]  MMC LGA: IOM have also reached additional 22,459 individuals with hygiene promotion messages on prevention of Cholera/COVID 19 across MMC camps and host communities. AAH also distributed 16 cholera kits to affected households. • Water chlorination, Jerry can clean campaign and environmental sanitation exercise are all ongoing in all the listed locations. • 5,106 bars of soap were distributed to 595 households with additional 1000 soaps distributed by GGSI to Adolescent girls and lactating mothers.
[ 12th Sept 2021, Borno State ]  Risk Communication and Community Engagement: UNICEF and WHO continues to support the state to curtail the outbreak of Cholera through the community health champion house to house intervention across the hotspot locations with more than 13,000 persons with cholera preventive messages integrated with covid 19. In addition, Mobile health teams have sensitized an estimate of 2,000 persons in hard to reach locations. There's an ongoing WHO supported motorized campaign in IDP camps, host communities and densely populated areas with Cholera preventive messages, integrated with Covid 19, about 100,000 persons were reached across Borno state.
[ 6th Sep  12 Sep 2021, Nigeria ]  Of the cases reported, there were 23 deaths from Kaduna  ( 6 ) , Adamawa  ( 5 ) , Katsina  ( 4 ) , Gombe  ( 2 ) , Jigawa  ( 2 ) , Bauchi  ( 1 ) , Borno  ( 1 ) , Ogun  ( 1 )  and Taraba  ( 1 )  states with a weekly case fatality ratio  ( CFR )  of 1.9% • Two new states  ( Abia and Ogun )  reported cases in week 36 • The national multi sectoral EOC activated at level 02 continues to coordinate the national response
[ 12th Sept 2021, Borno State ]  Surveillance: Active case search continued in all affected locations across the state, supported by WHO. 6,426 households were visited and sensitized 45.438 persons on basic preventive measures for cholera. Priority locations identified and communicated to WASH and risk communication teams. Alerts investigation and samples collection ongoing.
[ 12th Sept 2021, Borno State ]  WASH: Gwoza LGA  ( Pulka )  IOM concluded the distribution of 400 cholera hygiene kits to 400 household  ( 1699 Individuals )  at the Transit Reception Centre targeting suspected cases and persons from hotspot areas. NCA have also procured diesel to support power supply across different boreholes.
[ 12th Sept 2021, Borno State ]  Kaga LGA: CRS in collaboration with health partners have sensitized 658 household  ( 1404 individuals house to house messaging on cholera prevention with 658 household  ( 1404 individuals )  reached within the reporting week. Distribution of 352 NFI kits ( 73 LCC kits and 279 motivation kits )  to each committee member in Wajiro, Burguma, Benisheikh, Kururi, makinta and Ngamdu. A total of 700 Cholera Kits were also distributed in Ngamdu, alongside cholera prevention training for 25 CRS' Nutrition Community Mobilizers on the field in Benisheikh.
[ 20th Sept 2021, Borno State ]  Gubio:  ( CRS ) : 795 households with 2846 people were reached through House to house messaging on cholera prevention, in Gubio. Vector control activities including clean up campaign was done within communities.
[ 13th Sep 2021, Adamawa ]  The State and National Emergency Management Agencies  ( SEMA and NEMA )  have reiterated a warning to populations across riverine communities to temporarily relocate to higher grounds in line with the flooding alert issued by the Nigeria Hydrological Services Agency  ( NiHSA ) , listing several communities in Adamawa State amongst high risk locations. The recent flooding incidents  ( which typically contaminate water sources )  raised concerns about a possible spike in AWD/cholera cases over the coming weeks. OCHA is following up with SEMA and NEMA to collate information on the potential impacts of the incidents to inform appropriate response by humanitarian partners.
[ 20th Sept 2021, Borno State ]  Surveillance: Active case search continued in all affected locations across the state, supported by WHO. 5,989 households were visited and sensitized 38,667 persons on basic preventive measures for cholera. Priority locations identified and communicated to WASH and risk communication teams. Alerts investigation and samples collection ongoing.
[ 20th Sept 2021, Borno State ]  WASH MMC : ( GGSI, SI, AAH, NRC, CIDAR, IOM ) : Training of 64 community hygiene promoters  ( SI 15, CIDAR 49 )  on cholera prevention measures, zero open defecation and solid waste management. IOM trained 5 staffs from Goal Prime and NRC on water quality monitoring. SI and GSSI distributed a total of 220 hygiene and sanitation kits in Umara Bolori, Doron Baga, camps and Kolori, reaching 235 HH.
[ 20th Sept 2021, Borno State ]  WASH MMC : ( GGSI, SI, AAH, NRC, CIDAR, IOM ) : 28,868 people were reached with specific hygiene promotion messages on cholera and COVID 19 prevention and mitigation measures via door to door across MMC Camps and host communities. IRC provided portable water at Ajilari, while SI chlorinated a total of 1,767 m3 of water from the 20 water points in Ngarnam community. CIDAR chlorinated 498 water points.
[ 20th Sept 2021, Borno State ]  Konduga:  ( IRC, CRS, IOM, Malteser International ) : 18,129 individuals in Dalori 1 and 2 IDP camps, Auno Chabbal, Ngomari Karekri, Mashamari, Konduga Boarding IDP camp 10 and Yandarari Kura 1community were reached with hygiene promotion activities. CRS distributed 60 hand washing stations with 40 pieces of soaps alongside environmental clean up campaign were distributed in Auno Chabbal and Ngomari Karekri. Disinfection of 519 Households and latrines done in mashamari with decommissioning of 3 blocks of 5 and 6 compartments latrine  ( weak and dilapidated ) , Rehabilitated .
[ 20th Sept 2021, Borno State ]  Konduga:  ( IRC, CRS, IOM, Malteser International ) : 6 blocks of latrine and bathroom were rehabilitated and evacuation of two solid waste disposal pits at Konduga boarding IDP camp. 1,944,000 liters of safe water was supplied by IRC at Boarding Primary School IDP camp and Yandarari kura/Gana host communities with Chlorination of 11 Boreholes and 6 handpumps at Boarding IDP camp Konduga.
[ 20th Sept 2021, Borno State ]  Magumeri:  ( CRS and IRC ) : 380 people were reached through house to house messaging on cholera prevention in 252 households in Magumeri town with additional 312 people in 62 in Alili, Goni Musari and Shettimari communities. CRS carried out vector control activities including Clean up campaign and Solid waste management in 20 Housing and kasula.
[ 20th Sept 2021, Borno State ]  Kaga:  ( AAH, CRS, Caritas, and IOM ) : 15,491 people in 3,128 households were reached by cholera prevention messages at GSS, NRC camp, Magistrate camp, Aisha Buhari and Lowcost camp in Benisheihk and Ngamdu. Small Group Session on Cholera Prevention was done alongside Child to child Session on Cholera prevention in Lowcost and Magistrate camp. Fumigation of houses, rooms, latrines and showers were done fumigated in Ngamdu.
[ 20th Sept 2021, Borno State ]  Challenges: Slow security clearance for transporting critical WASH supplies have delayed implementation of field activities. Low stocks of WASH Sector Core pipeline leaves needs for hygiene and water items unmet. Shortages of Aqua tabs and soaps and IEC materials.
[ 6th Sep  12 Sep 2021, Nigeria ]  Cholera: There was a 58% decrease in the number of new suspected cases in week 36  ( 1,182 )  compared with week 35  ( 1,677 )  • Bauchi  ( 472 ) , Katsina  ( 194 )  and Borno  ( 106 )  account for 65.3% of 1,182 suspected cases reported in week 36 • During the reporting week, 48 Cholera Rapid Diagnostic Tests were conducted. RDT tests conducted were from Gombe  ( 30 ) , Adamawa  ( 11 ) , Katsina  ( 3 ) , Kaduna  ( 2 )  and Abia  ( 2 ) . Of this, a total of 18  ( 38% )  were positive by RDT • A total of 10 Culture tests were conducted in Katsina  ( 6 ) , Adamawa  ( 3 )  and Kaduna  ( 1 ) . Of this, 2  ( 20% )  were positive
[ 23rd Sept 2021, Nigeria ]  Households from inaccessible areas acknowledged small to moderate increase  ( 21 percent )  and significant increase  ( 29 percent )  in prices of food commodities, which would potentially further weaken already frail purchasing power of the inaccessible populace and consequently, deepen vulnerability. This is particularly pertinent to note as markets were reported as the main source for cereals in 17 percent of interviewed households.
[ 21st Jun   27th Jul 2021, North East Nigeria ]  In 67 per cent of the locations assessed, respondents stated that there was no evidence of hand washing practices  ( increased from 65% in Round 6 ) . For Taraba, this number was reported at 88 per cent. To the contrary, in the state of Gombe, evidence of hand washing practices was reported in 79 per cent of the locations assessed, scoring the highest of all states in north east Nigeria.
[ 13th Sep 2021, BAY states ]  Across Borno, Adamawa and Yobe  ( BAY )  States malnutrition cases are increasing to a scale not seen since 2018, especially during the peak of the lean season  ( July – August ) . An estimated 62,000 cases  ( about 55 per cent higher than the cases for the same period in 2018 )  were admitted to stabilization facilities. Reports received from nutrition focused health facilities in the BAY states indicate that these are currently overwhelmed with the increase in admissions of acutely malnourished children with medical complications. In local government areas  ( LGAs )  where these facilities do not exist, malnutrition cases go unreported and untreated.
[ 13th Sep 2021, Adamawa ]  Limited resources and funding that remain have been prioritized to support communities with the most severe needs, this means that many of those affected will not receive any food or nutrition support. As it stands the food and nutrition situation will continue to worsen until there are enough resources to activate the already developed operational response plan to prevent food insecurity and malnutrition reaching catastrophic levels
[ 13th Sep 2021, Adamawa ]  At least 6 fatalities attributed to different illnesses including child malnutrition and skin diseases were recorded in the Fufore IDP camp in August. Camp residents in the state continue to face a shortage of medical supplies/services following the withdrawal of services by a major health partner due to funding constraints. The partner was providing vital services that included the delivery of medical supplies and support to health teams in camps. These activities have since been suspended, resulting in alarming health response gaps over the past weeks. IDPs are unable to use nearby health facilities due to financial constraints. Health sector partners from neighbouring Borno State have deployed mobile hard to reach teams with vital supplies across affected camps to address urgent gaps while efforts to find lasting solutions continue.
[ 23rd Sept 2021, Nigeria ]  High famine risk areas – Bama, Gwoza, Damboa, Konduga, Madagali, Magumeri and Kukawa – should continue to be monitored closely considering elevated levels of food consumption gaps, malnutrition and extensive/unsustainable usage of emergency coping strategies, largely underscored by limited availability of food stocks, restricted access to functional markets and health services;
[ 23rd Sept 2021, Nigeria ]  Reduced Coping Strategy Index  ( rCSI ) : The pronounced usage of food based coping strategies to bridge food gaps within the surveyed households persisted in August 2021. About half  ( 49 percent )  of all surveyed households that reported mean reduced coping strategy index  ( rCSI )  scores greater than 19, which is the most severe categorization according to the CH guidelines  ( CH Phase 3 ) . Households in inaccessible areas in Bama and Konduga LGAs made a significant contribution to the global average as 77 percent and 68 percent of households respectively had rCSI score greater than 19. In this given context of the rCSI, households in inaccessible areas adopted multiple alimentary based coping strategies such as reliance on less preferred or less expensive food, reduction in the number of meals or portion size for an average of three days out of a typical sevenday period.
[ 23rd Sept 2021, Nigeria ]  The consumption of staples in Damboa was particularly worrisome where the average number of days reported for consumption of this critical food group stood at 1.5 days. The extremely limited diversity of diets in these inaccessible areas mainly explains the limited consumption patterns and is also indicative of significant macro and micronutrients deficiency, which would continue to have an implication for the health, wellbeing and economic productivity of the people trapped in these areas.
[ 23rd Sept 2021, Nigeria ]  Hazards and Vulnerabilities: The protracted conflict in Northeast Nigeria continues to drive the humanitarian crisis in the three most affected states: Borno, Adamawa and Yobe, leading to disrupted livelihoods and increased vulnerability to food and nutrition insecurity, resulting from displacement of populations form their ancestral homes, loss of livelihoods assets, disruption of supply chains and collapse in delivery of public services. Humanitarian access to some of the affected communities remains elusive. As the region is experiencing the typical effects of the lean season worsened by the economic impacts of COVID 19 pandemic, staple food prices are expected to remain high.
[ 23rd Sept 2021, Nigeria ]  The children ages 6  17 months were two times more likely to be acutely malnourished than older children  ( 30 – 59 months ) . The younger children are more vulnerable to shocks but also an indication of poor infant and young child feeding practices especially continued breastfeeding up to two years and poor complementary feeding.
[ 23rd Sept 2021, Nigeria ]   Malnutrition: Global Acute Malnutrition  ( GAM ) : According to the FMS findings, the levels of acute malnutrition among new arrivals from inaccessible areas is Critical  ( Phase 4 IPC Acute Malnutrition Classification )  The overall Global Acute Malnutrition  ( GAM )  rates were 20.1% and Severe Acute Malnutrition  ( SAM )  at 7.3%. The high levels of acute malnutrition indicate an extremely stressed population including food insecurity, poor sanitation and hygiene and health conditions, the key underlying causes of acute malnutrition.
[ 23rd Sept 2021, Nigeria ]  In terms of individual strategies specifically for emergency, 50 percent sent family members to beg, 7 percent engaged in illegal income activities and 6 percent sold their assets – particularly land and house, whereas in the crisis category, 42 percent of households spent their savings and 24 percent withdrew their children from school. Usage of these coping strategies, most especially those in the emergency category, was relatively pronouced in Damboa  ( 69 percent ) , Bama  ( 58 percent ) , Konduga  ( 52 percent ) , Gwoza  ( 47 percent )  and Madagali  ( 42 percent ) . While reliance on these severe livelihood coping strategies  ( crisis and/or emergency )  might alleviate the brunt of food insecurity in the short term, their pervasive usage is particularly worrisome on the longer term given their negative impact on future productivity of the affected households.
[ 23rd Sept 2021, Nigeria ]  Detailed analysis among arrival population with good quality and adequate sample size showed Critical  ( Phase 4 )  GAM rates in Magumeri, Madagali, Bama, Damboa, Gwoza, Konduga and Kukawa. Bama and Damboa LGAs have extremely high rates of severe acute malnutrition  ( 18.1% and 15.4% respectively )  indicating continued extreme population stresses e.g extreme food shortages and high prevalence of morbidity.
[ 23rd Sept 2021, Nigeria ]  Evolution of Livelihoods: Livelihood Coping Strategies: Livelihood based coping strategies depicts the status of households' livelihood stress and the consequential longer term impact on future coping capability and productivity. Livelihood coping strategies are classified into the following three severity categories ‘stress', ‘crisis' and ‘emergency', with emergency being the most severe category and is classified in CH Phase 4  ( Emergency )  based on the CH guideline. Overall, the livelihood coping indicator was classified in CH Phase 4 as 79 percent of the surveyed households used either crisis  ( 23 percent )  or emergency  ( 56 percent )  coping strategies to meet their food needs during the last 30 days spent in their inaccessible areas of origin.
[ 23rd Sept 2021, Nigeria ]  Food Availability: Among the surveyed households, 63 percent in most the inaccessible LGAs reported not having stock of foods from last season's harvest. In places where sufficient samples existed, Bama  ( 80 percent )  and Damboa  ( 89 percent )  have the highest proportion of households that fell within this category. For about a third of all surveyed households that had food stock left, majority  ( 66 percent )  indicated that it would have lasted for less than 3 months, thus suggesting severe food deficit in inaccessible areas, particularly during the lean season period.
[ 23rd Sept 2021, Nigeria ]  Due to the violence and socioeconomic hardship, several households continue to flee their homes to seek safety and support in internally displaced camps and host communities. As in the previous months, just over a third  ( 37 percent )  of respondents from the ongoing FMS assessment confirmed that some previously internally displaced persons  ( IDPs )  have been returning to their communities of origin in the past four to five months while 63 percent have not witnessed any returning IDPs. This confirms that the underlying drivers of displacement are largely unresolved, and most people do not feel safe/secure to return to their communities of origin.
[ 23rd Sept 2021, Nigeria ]  The majority  ( 72 percent )  of the newly displaced persons confirmed to have had access to farmland, and engaged in farming  ( 88 percent )  before they fled; however, 63 percent did not have any food stocks left in their households prior to their departure from their homes which confirms significant food scarcity in their communities of origin.
[ 23rd Sept 2021, Nigeria ]  Gwoza LGA results shows very high mortality rates that could be attributed to ongoing Cholera outbreak in the area; without data from Gwoza, the crude and under five mortality rates seem contextually plausible  ( CMR =2.39 and U5MR = 3.58  ) . Illness was the main cause of death and it was reported by more than half of the households, followed by injuries and trauma. In general, about half of the deaths occurred in the current location however it is worth noting that in Magumeri a significant proportion of deaths  ( 40.9% )  occurred in the original settlement  ( pre displacement ) .