nlp-thedeep/humsetbias huggingface dataset:
Over 4,800 primary and secondary schools in Libya  ( 10,5% private ) 148 only 1% of public schools had functional toilets for children with disabilities, less than 5% offered provisions for students with disabilities in the classroom and 50% of schools stated the need for adapted textbooks, visual and audio aids to improve teaching standards
In 2018, 399 Libyan refugees and asylum seekers reached Italian shores traveling irregularly via boat from Libya, 2.6% of all arrivals to Europe that year.2 This trend builds on a proportional increase in Libyan refugees and asylum seekers arriving among boat arrivals in Italy since 2016: in 2016, 887 Libyans crossed the Mediterranean sea to arrive in Italy and in 2017, despite a 34 per cent decrease in overall arrivals, 1,234 Libyans made the journey across the Mediterranean and arrived in Italy  ( including 216 unaccompanied and separated children ) .
As of 22 September 2019, a total of 48,199 asylum seekers and refugees are registered with UNHCR in Libya. A total of 3,486 individuals have been identified by UNHCR and its partners to be currently in one of the accessible Libyan detention centres.
Since the start of the evacuation operation from Libya in late 2017, a total of 4,024 persons  ( including unaccompanied children )  have been evacuated to Niger  ( 2,913 ) , Italy  ( 808 )  and the ETC in Romania  ( 303 ) . There are currently 1,055 evacuees from Libya remaining in Niger, including 165 evacuated unaccompanied children.
Since the onset of clashes in April, over 128,000 individuals have been displaced  ( IDPs )  from their homes due to the hostilities in Tripoli. As a response, UNHCR and its partner, LibAid, distributed CRIs, including blankets and solar lamps, to 10,585 IDPs  ( 1,960 families )  and provided cash assistance to more than 2,000 IDPs  ( 367 families ) . In addition, field ambulances were handed over to hospitals and humanitarian actors.
This tragedy comes two months after 53 migrants, among them 6 minors, were killed in an airstrike on the Tajoura detention centre. That facility remains operational to this day, despite persistent calls to end the arbitrary detention of migrants. IOM believes alternatives to detention must be found.
During the reporting period, an influx of migrants was reported in Alkhums. According to field observers, this development was both driven by migrants moving away from conflict areas in South Tripoli as well as a reported availability of work opportunities in Al Khums. Additionally, seasonal inflows of migrants planning to attempt the crossing of the Mediterranean size were also reported. On 26 July, a tragic incident occurred near Alkhums when a boat carrying around 350 capsized, resulting in the death of up to 145 migrants.
DTM continued to survey migrants in Tripoli and surrounding areas through individual interviews with 400 migrants in Abusliem, Ain Zara, Khallat Al Furjan, Salah Eddine, Wadi Al Rabi, Al Aziziya, Hai Alandalus, Janzour, Qasr Bin Ghashir, Suq Aljumaa, Swani Bin Adam, Tajoura and Tripoli Center. Critical humanitarian needs related to Health, WASH, Shelter, NFIs, Food Security and Livelihoods.
In terms of needs for non food items, clothing was the most commonly cited NFI need  ( 77% ) , followed by blankets  ( 64% ) , hygiene kits  ( 45% )  and mattresses  ( 44% ) . Coupled with a decrease in available job opportunities for migrants relying on casual labour and movement restrictions in areas impacted by the conflict, the livelihoods of migrants in Tripoli were assessed to have been significantly impacted.
Between 01 January and 31 July 2019, the total number of arrivals in Italy was recorded at 3,867 individuals, representing a steep drop in comparison to reported arrivals in 2018  ( 18,546 arrivals were recorded in the same period in 2018 ) . 80% of arrivals  ( 4,363 individuals )  were recorded between the months of May, June and July which can be explained by the favorable weather to attempt crossing the Mediterranean Sea as well as the volatile security situation in Tripoli.
While arrivals in Italy decreased compared to the previous year, the number of reported fatalities remains extremely worrying. As of 31 July, at least 567 individuals reportedly died in 2019 in attempts to cross the Mediterranean Sea. On 25 July, a tragic incident near the coast of Al Khums reportedly resulted in the death of up to 145 migrants.
As of 13 September, 6,058 refugees and migrants were rescued/intercepted at sea by the Libyan Coast Guard and disembarked in Libya in 2019. So far this month, 132 individuals disembarked in Al Khums  ( 108 individuals )  and Tripoli  ( 28 individuals ) . Disembarkations increased in August  ( 1,380 individuals )  when compared to data from previous months July  ( 856 individuals )  and June  ( 1,336 individuals ) . UNHCR and its partner, the International Medical Corps  ( IMC ) , continue to provide medical assistance and core relief items to individuals at disembarkation points. Over the past few weeks, boats departed from areas west of Tripoli, near Zwara and Al Khums and east of Tripoli, near Al Khums.
Welcoming this week's agreement with the African Union and Rwanda to set up a refugee transit mechanism for evacuation of vulnerable refugees out of Libya, UN High Commissioner for Refugees Filippo Grandi today urged other countries to follow this example with further actions to save lives.
More than 3,600 refugees and asylum seekers are currently held in Libyan detention centres, many at risk of serious abuse and in peril from indiscriminate fighting. In early July more than 50 refugees and migrants were killed in an airstrike on the Tajoura Detention Centre, east of Libya's capital Tripoli. Across the country, conditions in detention centres are dire.
Since the onset of armed conflict on 04 April 2019, clashes have continuously been reported in densely populated areas in South Tripoli and throughout the reporting period, triggering displacement of civilians to safer neighborhoods in Tripoli, the Nafusa mountains and along the coastal line in Western Libya. IDP families displaced to locations close to areas of conflict remain at risk, along with host community members providing them with shelter.
He also pointed out that the management and staff are the ones providing security to the centre amid the absence of any effective government action, stressing that the attacks have caused direct damage to some staff members in the centre.
The Air Force of the Libyan Army under the Presidential Council government's command has carried out three airstrikes on Khalifa Haftar's forces in Qasir Benghashir in southern Tripoli, destroying an artillery launcher and killing operational fighters believed to be foreigners.
In the period from 1 September 2018 to 31 July 2019, the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees  ( UNHCR )  and the International Organization for Migration  ( IOM )  recorded a total of 82,236 arrivals of refugees and migrants by sea in Europe, a 26 per cent decrease from the same period in 2018, when approximately 111,200 individuals were recorded to have arrived in Europe by sea. For the period from September 2018 to July 2019, 1,485 refugees and migrants were recorded to have died or gone missing at sea on all the Mediterranean routes, including 736 on the so called central Mediterranean route from North Africa to Italy and Malta.
There was a steep increase in figures for the eastern and western Mediterranean routes in 2018, when 811 people died or went missing on the western route and 187 on the eastern route, compared with 209 and 56, respectively, the previous year.
In January 2019, at the initiative of the Emir of Qatar, Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani, a memorandum of understanding was signed between Qatar and the African Union for the establishment of a fund to support efforts by the African Union and its member States to safely reintegrate repatriated migrants in their countries of origin.
Women are routinely held in facilities without female guards and strip searched by, or in front of, male guards, and there is a systematic disregard for their privacy in water and sanitation facilities. Women and girls lack access to sexual and reproductive health services, including menstrual hygiene products and provisions for pregnant or nursing women. Women in detention were also found to have become pregnant while they were held captive in detention centres.
There was some minor damage to infrastructure, parked cars and shrapnel damage to one aircraft. The Serraj Health Ministry reported four civilian injuries, including 3 pilgrim passengers  ( a woman and two men )  and another civilian were taken to Mitiga and Central Tripoli hospitals, while another 30 pilgrims who had fainted and experienced high rates of blood pressure and diabetes as a result of the panic – were also admitted to hospitals.
Despite an OPEC led production cut, oil has tumbled from April's 2019 peak above $75 a barrel. In July, OPEC, Russia and other producers renewed a pact to cut output by 1.2 million bpd until March 2020 to avoid a build up of inventories that could hit prices.
"Last Saturday's attack on Mitiga airport has left a number of injuries among the passengers and pilgrims and caused damage to airplanes and the airport's infrastructure, in addition to creating a state of panic and terror in the airport," the ministry stated.
Last June, Ghat has witnessed , which resulted in casualties and caused major damage to public and private property, in the absence of any telecommunications and electricity in most areas of the municipality.
Sources from Benghazi said an armed group led by Faraj Egaiem  ( Anti Immoral Phenomena Apparatus )  was shot at Wednesday by gunmen in Al Wahishi after Egaiem's tribal group attempted to demolish road kiosks managed by the gunmen in the neighbourhood.
Egaiem's armed group clashed on Wednesday as well with another armed group in Buhadama in Benghazi with footage on social media showing the exchange of fire between the two groups.
Since the 4th of April, the conflict has spread geographically and has exacted a heavy toll on civilians and those fighting. To date, more than 100 civilians have been killed and over 300 injured, and 120,000 civilians have been displaced. There are no confirmed figures for the total number of fighters who have died so far, but anecdotally the figure appears to be in the low thousands.
Over one hundred people have been killed and many more injured in fighting between the Tebu and Ahali communities; this includes the precision airstrikes on 4 August targeting a gathering of Tebu representatives in which over 40 were killed. Thousands have been displaced as homes and businesses have been looted and burned.
Libya is going through difficult time, a large number of the population is displaced and facing shortage in services. Most of the areas in Libya are experiencing electricity cuts, water shortage, damaged infrastructure, dysfunctional market and banking services. Everything the Libyan population took for granted are not working properly anymore.
A Tunisian national guard chief and three extremists were killed in a clash on the first day of the country's presidential campaign, authorities said.
Tunisian security forces have stepped up land and air operations against extremists hiding in the hard to reach mountainous region, where dozens have been killed in clashes in recent years.
Libya's airport authorities say they have closed the only functional airport in the capital, Tripoli, a day after it was hit by shelling amid clashes between rival armed groups fighting for control of the city.
The Libyan economy was predominantly estate reliant, 70% of the population were working for the government and 80% of household income was generated through government salaries now most of that evaporated. Today, a large segment of the population is experiencing food insecurity. 64% of the population are now exhorting to negative coping strategies including selling of assets and 75% of household income is spent on food alone and that exposes these families to shocks, so there is no buffer for any economic shocks. This leads to an extreme economic insecurity situation.
Since early 2019, tensions between the Alahali and Tebu communities in the Libyan city of Murzuq have grown progressively more severe, leading to numerous outbreaks of violence. The conflict escalated to unprecedented levels starting on 4 August 2019, when a series of airstrikes sparked heavy urban fighting and mass displacement. As of 27 August, the conflict had eased slightly, but an estimated 17,320 individuals,1 or nearly 60% of Murzuq's population,2 had fled to cities throughout Libya, leaving only small numbers of residents in some areas of the city.
All KIs reported that operational healthcare facilities were present in their cities, though many of these, including Murzuq Hospital itself, were poorly supplied and/or did not have the necessary facilities to be able to deal with a large influx of IDPs with complex health needs.
IDPs from Murzuq were primarily displaced to the surrounding cities and towns of Wadi Etba, Sebha, Ubari, Taraghin, and Algatroun.3 Smaller groups had been displaced to Benghazi, Brak, Jufra, and a number of smaller towns throughout south Libya, including Umm Alaraneb, Zuwaila, Alghuraifa, Fungul, Jaizu, and Adelaim.
In Wadi Etba, Ubari, Brak, Taraghin, and Umm Alaraneb, an estimated 15 30% of recent arrivals from Murzuq had reportedly moved on to other destinations, most often aiming for the city of Sebha. Many of these new arrivals had left due to difficulty finding affordable food, shelter, healthcare, and other services in the smaller towns and villages that were their first points of arrival
Even in areas of Murzuq that were reported to be largely empty, it is probable that small numbers of civilians had remained, whether due to conflict related dangers, a lack of resources, a lack of mobility, a desire to protect household assets, or fear of reprisals if they did leave.4 Those who stayed were reportedly at elevated risk of armed attack or detention.
Significant percentages of Murzuq IDPs were estimated to be living in ad hoc collective shelters in Ubari  ( 20% ) , Wadi Etba  ( 30% ) , and especially Brak  ( 80% ) , where residents and local authorities had reportedly launched an initiative to convert a public school to temporary IDP housing. Some collective shelters in Wadi Etba had already closed as their residents relocated to other areas or cities.
Across most assessed cities, KIs estimated that 10 30% of recently displaced Murzuq IDPs were being hosted by family or friends a lower percentage than in many other Libyan displacement crises excepting Taraghin and Umm Alaraneb, where 70 80% of IDPs who had remained were being hosted. A further 5 30% of Murzuq IDPs across all assessed cities were renting their own accommodation, a similar percentage as for the non displaced populations in these areas.
Many Murzuq IDPs continued to struggle with overcrowded shelters and a shortage of available housing options. According to KI estimates, more than half of those displaced to Umm Alaraneb, Taraghin, Wadi Etba, and Ubari were living in overcrowded conditions. KIs highlighted an increased need for basic household items, particularly mattresses and blankets, to meet the needs of the newly displaced.
During discussions with the Minister of Interior, Mr. Fathi Bashagha, UNHCR renewed its commitment to work together towards ending arbitrary detention in Libya, where over 4,800 refugees and migrants are detained. Clements also conveyed its readiness to support refugees in the urban community once released from detention and to continue to advocate for solutions outside Libya. So far in 2019, 1,345 refugees left Libya under the evacuation and resettlement programme.
Last July, a group of 165 Sudanese arrived in Khartoum, preceded by two groups; the first was June, which included 152 Sudanese, and the second on July 10 which included 182 citizens.
As of 30 August, the situation on ground in Murzuq has become relatively calmer after the violent clashes gradually decreased among fighting parties throughout the previous week. At least 16,700 individuals have been displaced because of the armed clashes in Murzuq including around 620 migrants since the beginning of August. Most IDPs fled mainly to Wadi Etbah  ( 46% ) , Sebha  ( 21% ) , Al Gatroun  ( 7% ) , Ubari  ( 8% ) ,Taraghin  ( 7% ) ,
According to Ministry of Education, more than 200 displaced students from Murzuq reportedly faced challenges with registration for their secondary certificate exams due to the relocation to several municipalities in secondary displacements.
In Benghazi, as part of coping mechanism, some 52 assessed displaced families reported reducing their expenditure on essential non food items such as water, hygiene items and expenses on health, medicine or education. This was followed by 42 families reporting that they are borrowing money as means to cope with their daily expenditures, for example purchasing food on debt to sustain everyday living. In addition, most families reported that children were at high risk and in need of psycho social assistance. Most households that have left Murzuq have faced a number of violations to their rights, safety and dignity.
During discussions with the Minister of Interior, Mr. Fathi Bashagha, UNHCR renewed its commitment to work together towards ending arbitrary detention in Libya, where over 4,800 refugees and migrants are detained. Clements also conveyed the readiness of UNHCR to support refugees in the urban community after they are released from detention and to continue to advocate for solutions for them outside of Libya. So far in 2019, 1,345 refugees left Libya under an evacuation and resettlement programme.
At least 40 people are estimated to have drowned off the coast of Libya in the latest boat disaster on the Mediterranean. This shocking incident has prompted UNHCR, the UN Refugee Agency to renew its urgent call for action to save lives.
Following today's tragedy, it is estimated that some 900 people have lost their lives attempting to cross the Mediterranean in 2019.
UNHCR's call for an end to the arbitrary detention of people rescued at sea and returned to Libya. Clements pledged UNHCR's commitment to work with Libyan authorities in setting up alternatives to detention for more than 4,800 refugees and migrants currently being held inside detention centres.
As suppliers are able to access foreign currency and import goods at a cheaper rate, food prices have significantly decreased across the country, especially in west Libya. The median cost of the MEB in the west has fallen by 12.6%, mainly driven by a reduction in prices of imported commodities.
The cost of LPG in Libya has spiked by 20%, indicating that the oil crisis in Libya is being exacerbated by the conflict. The country's largest oil field, Sharara, was shut down twice in July causing oil production to reach its lowest level of output since March. 2 3 There are also reports of kilometre long queues in petrol stations close to Tripoli with waiting times lasting hours
• On 20th August, commercial banks began to distribute the Central Bank of Libya's  ( CBL )  2019 foreign currency allowance, permitting 500 USD to be sold to Libyan families at the official currency exchange rate.6 The previous foreign currency allowance implemented in January 2018 had caused the Libyan dinar to appreciate against the Euro and USD, due to households seizing the opportunity to withdraw their dollars abroad and sell the currency in the Libyan black market for substantial profits. Therefore, there is a possibility that the Libyan dinar could appreciate against the Euro and the USD.
Reported priority needs in locations of displacements include medical supplies, health assistance, food, WASH and NFIs. In Wadi Etba, availability of food and non food items on local markets was reported to be constrained while limited purchasing power of IDP families further restricted IDPs' ability to obtain needed items. In Murzuq City, the conflict reportedly led to prolonged closure of markets and severely impacted impact public services and infrastructure, including unavailability of water services, electricity, telecommunication networks and fuel.
Since early August, violent clashes escalated in Murzuq, area southern of Libya after several consecutive precision airstrikes impacted the area on 4 August. On 8 August, a mortar landed on a house hosting IDPs in the Bendalwah neighborhood resulting in injuries among four children between 2 and 7 years old and the death of two siblings2. The situation escalated since 11 August and fighting continued despite the declared truce that mostly held throughout the rest of the country. As of 14 August, the estimate number of civilians killed raised to at least 90 and more than 200 injured3.
Concerns are growing as humanitarian needs are rising as a result of the ongoing conflict. An estimated 6,426 individuals have been displaced to Sebha, Ubari, Wadi Etbah, Al Gatroun and safer neighborhoods within Murzuq municipality. Reportedly, some families are unable to leave the affected areas for fear of reprisals. Wadi Etbah has received the largest wave of displacement with around 4,050 IDPs mainly in urban areas including 450 IDPs across 7 shelters, while more than 1,000 people are displaced within Murzuq municipality. In addition, around 270 migrants from different West African nationalities were reportedly also displaced from Murzuq.
Safe access to Murzuq remains a priority and OCHA continues to facilitate negotiations to secure humanitarian safe passage to allow the evacuation of trapped civilians and injured people and deliver assistance to the people in need; and calling for decreased tension among fighting parties. With no end in sight to the fighting in Murzuq area, humanitarian partners are concerned that needs will continue to grow and are gearing up to provide assistance as access becomes available.
Priority humanitarian needs reported by local counterparts include medical supplies and health assistance, followed by food, WASH and non food items  ( NFIs )   ( including tents, mattresses, blankets, solar lamps, cleaning materials and hygiene kits ) 4. Wadi Etbah municipality declared a state of emergency due to the lack of resources required to respond to the urgent humanitarian needs and the increasing number of displaced families. Sectors are further assessing the needs and coordinating sector specific response.
Conflict between the Government of National Accord  ( GNA )  and the Libyan National Army  ( LNA )  has been ongoing since 2014 to the detriment of the civilian population. Particularly vulnerable civilians, including women and children, are often disproportionality affected by armed conflict, and have continued to be impacted by the conflict in Libya.
As of May 2019, there were nearly 270,000 internally displaced persons  ( IDPs )  and 445,000 IDP returnees in Libya.1 As of 20 August 2019, nearly 135,000 were newly displaced this year, including 5,000 due to flooding in Ghat. Over half of displacement in Libya occurred in 2014 2015, while 2019 represented the highest level of displacement since, with a 305 per cent increase in new displacement from 2018. The majority of IDPs live in rented accommodation, 7 per cent are estimated to live in public buildings, schools, hospitals or religious buildings. 6% are estimated in informal settlements, and 4 per cent in other shelter arrangements.
Civilian casualties have increased dramatically since 2018. An estimated 188 civilians were killed and 356 civilians injured due to the conduct of hostilities the entire year of 2018, as estimated by the UNSMIL Human Rights civilian casualty reports from 2018.3 This dramatic increase in 2019 is due to the renewal of hostilities in Tripoli due to the proximity of the hostilities to civilian populations.
Explosive hazards impact the ability of displaced Libyans to return to their homes, return to their livelihoods, and pose a serious safety risk to children. Explosive hazard contamination impacting civilian infrastructure, particularly schools and hospitals can impede civilian access to services. The level of country wide explosive hazard contamination is unknown in Libya, however Libya has a history of mine contamination dating back to World War II and other armed conflicts with Egypt and Chad, when borders with their neighbouring countries were mined. Additionally, numerous types of mines were identified as being used in the 2011 conflict by both government and opposition forces including both antipersonnel landmines and antivehicle landmines and cluster munitions
In the current conflict in Tripoli, civilian infrastructure, upon which civilians are depending for survival, are at threat of being damaged or destroyed. Hospitals, schools, electricity systems, and religious sites are already among those that have been damaged in the fighting.
During the conflict in Derna early this year there were reports of widespread destruction, looting, burning and confiscation of property belonging to the displaced relatives of Derna Security Forces, families accused of not supporting LNA forces, and families originally from west Libya14. There has also been a pattern of looting in the current conflict in Murzuq in south Libya, where there have been reports of displaced civilian homes, shops, and buildings being looted and burned. Protection Sector partners have received increasing reports of civilian houses and shops being looted in Khala, Salaheddin and Ayn Zara neighbourhoods of Tripoli.
The fighting in urban areas puts thousands of civilians at risk, particularly where military operations take place in neighbourhoods where civilians reside, on roads heavily trafficked by civilian populations, at the Mitiga civilian airport, or around vital services. Safe routes for civilians to leave conflicted areas are not always available due to military positions, airstrikes, checkpoints, and landmines and unexploded ordnances  ( UXOs ) . Other protection risks impact civilian ability to escape the fighting including threats of kidnapping, arrest and harassment. Humanitarian access has been limited due to the insecurity.
In Tripoli since April, more than 12,00015 students were unable to complete their studies. In many areas of western Libya, a number of schools were indiscriminately targeted as a result of the aggression on Tripoli16. Schools in Tripoli are also being used as collective shelters for displaced populations, further impeding access to education services.
Medical facilities and workers have persistently been the intentional target of attacks, with 47 attacks on healthcare facilities and workers reported for all of 2018. Of those 47 attacks, five health facilities were damaged or destroyed, two health transports were damaged or destroyed, and 10 health workers were injured.20 The targeting of health facilities and workers poses serious harm both for medical personnel and for civilian patients at risk of losing access to health services, and constitutes a violation of IHL.
So far in 2019, there have been over 37 registered attacks on health facilities and workers, impacting at least 19 ambulances and 19 hospitals and resulting in 11 deaths and 33 injuries.17 Attacks have included targeted airstrikes and mortar fire. Affected medical facilities include hospitals and ambulances that serve civilian populations as well as fighters of both parties to the conflict.18 Intentional, targeted attacks on health care facilities and workers constitute violations of International Humanitarian Law.
Attacks on civilian personnel including medical personnel and humanitarian workers continues to present risks to the Libyan populations. In addition to the aforementioned attacks on health workers and facilities, humanitarian workers continue to face violence and threats to their security. On 10 August 2019, three United Nations staff members were killed and three more injured in a car bomb attack in Benghazi.21 Attacks against United Nations or humanitarian workers threatens to impede the civilian population's access to critical services due to increased risk to the humanitarian community, and a corresponding decrease in service provision to the civilian populations most in need.
Attacks on humanitarian personal, including abductions and physical violence, are a persistent trend in Libya. There were four reported incidents of violence impacting humanitarian actors in 2018, impacting a total of five individuals. The reported incidents included the abduction of two staff, two humanitarians caught in crossfire incidents and subsequently injured, and one humanitarian abducted and subsequently dying from injuries sustained.2
Since the beginning of the offensive on Tripoli in early April, more than 37 attacks have been registered against health workers and facilities, including hospitals, field hospitals and civilian and military ambulances. These deplorable attacks which impacted at least 19 ambulances and 19 hospitals, have resulted in 11 deaths, and injuries to more than 33 persons, although the actual number may be significantly higher.
Nonetheless, the conflict still has an effect on certain cities in Libya. After two months of limited data collection access in Ghiryan and Al Aziziya, the MEB cost has risen to its highest level since September 2018 with both cities experiencing a 15% increase in the cost of the median MEB within two months. The conflict in Ghiryan and Al Aziziya has driven up the prices for mostly imported goods, due to disrupted port supply routes.
The latest of these despicable attacks against civilian targets was the indiscriminate shelling of Mitiga airport yesterday, which reportedly killed an airport staffer, wounded another, and caused material damage resulting in the closure of the airport for a number of hours today. This led to a severe disruption in airport operations and left hundreds of passengers stranded.
As of 16 August, over 5,280 refugees and migrants were rescued/intercepted at sea by the Libyan Coast Guard during over 70 operations in 2019. So far in August, 753 refugees and migrants disembarked at the Tripoli Naval Base  ( 322 individuals ) , Al Khums  ( 262 individuals ) , Azzawya  ( 123 individuals ) , Zwara  ( 46 individuals ) .
The latest disembarkations took place on 13 August, when 282 refugees and migrants were disembarked in Al Khums  ( 142 individuals ) , the Tripoli Naval Base  ( 92 individuals )  and Azzawya  ( 48 individuals ) . UNHCR and its partner the International Medical Corps  ( IMC )  assisted those disembarked with primary healthcare and core relief items  ( CRIs )  before they were transferred to a detention centre by the authorities.
40 wounded people were admitted to Tasawah rural hospital, including 12 who were transferred to Sabha medical centre. Some ethnic groups have difficulties in accessing the only hospital in Murzuk due to these tribal clashes.
Since the last update of IOM Libya's Displacement Tracking Matrix  ( DTM )  on 11 August 2019, the security situation in Murzuq reportedly remained volatile. DTM identified an additional 525 internally displaced families  ( approximately 2,625 individuals )  since the previous report, bringing the total number of internally displaced persons from Murzuq to at least 1,285 families  ( approximately 6,425 individuals )  who have been forced to leave their homes due to armed conflict since the beginning of August. Furthermore, around 270 migrants from Niger, Chad and Nigeria were reportedly also displaced from Murzuq.
Despite the notable reduction in violence during the period of the truce, violations were reported to the mission. In the morning hours of 11 August, tank and artillery fire was reported in the Salahaddin area. Later in the morning, three Grad rockets were fired indiscriminately from southern Tripoli towards Mitiga Airport; two rockets impacted the airport causing material damage to the runway, which forced a temporary halt to air operations; and one rocket hit a residential building in the adjacent neighbourhood, injuring four civilians.
During mid day, tank and artillery fire were reported in the Kasirma area north of Tripoli International Airport. In the evening hours, skirmishes were reported in Wadi Rabia and the Salahaddin area. Moreover, overflights by unmanned reconnaissance aircraft over the city of Misrata continued during the day. On 12 August, skirmishes were reported in the Tweisheh area south of Tripoli International Airport, in addition to overflights by unmanned reconnaissance aircraft over the city during the day. UNSMIL reiterates that indiscriminate shelling of civilian areas may constitute a war crime.
The truce was not respected in Murzuq where communal violence between the Tebu and al Ahali communities continued, killing seven individuals and wounding 54 others. UNSMIL also received continued reports of burned houses, lootings and other retaliatory attacks. As of 12 August, the ongoing acts of violence displaced approximately 5,000 individuals to Wadi Ettebah and around 200 to Al Gatroun area.
As of 5 August 2019, a total of 50,722 asylum seekers and refugees are registered with UNHCR in Libya. A total of 3,442 individuals have been identified by UNHCR and its partners to be currently in one of the accessible Libyan detention centres.
Since the start of the evacuation operation from Libya in late 2017, a total of 3,924 persons  ( including unaccompanied children )  have been evacuated to Niger  ( 2,911 ) , Italy  ( 710 )  and the ETC in Romania  ( 303 ) . There are currently 1,246 evacuees from Libya remaining in Niger, including 203 evacuated unaccompanied children.
As of 31 July 2019, the Libyan Coast Guard rescued/intercepted a total of 4,542 people in different locations along the Libyan coast. Over the first seven months last year, the LCG rescued/intercepted a total of 12,633 refugees and migrants at sea. So far in 2019, Libyan local authorities have recovered 12 bodies of people who perished while attempting to cross the Mediterranean towards Europe, while 277 people were reported missing.
Since the last update of IOM Libya's Displacement Tracking Matrix  ( DTM )  on 08 August 2019, the security situation in Murzuq reportedly remained volatile. DTM identified an additional 330 internally displaced families  ( approximately 1,650 individuals )  since the previous report, bringing the total number of internally displaced persons from Murzuq to at least 760 families  ( approximately 3,800 individuals )  who have been forced to leave their homes due to armed conflict since the beginning of August. Furthermore, around 250 migrants from Niger, Chad and Nigeria were reportedly also displaced from Murzuq.
The majority of IDPs are currently staying with host families and in private accommodation in Sebha, Ubari, Wadi Etba, Al Gatroun, Taraghin and safer neighborhoods in Murzuq, while at least 425 IDPs are currently hosted in seven collective shelters in Wadi Etba.
Humanitarian priority needs reported by field observers include medical supplies and health assistance, followed by food, WASH and NFIs  ( diapers, mattresses, blankets, solar lamps, cleaning materials and hygiene kits ) .
WASH: Public water and sanitation services were reported to be mostly unavailable; the primary source of water was reported to be water wells operating on generator powered pumps, reportedly leading to severe price increases for water on informal markets.
Infrastructure: Major electricity outages were reported across neighborhoods in Murzuq as well damage to buildings due to armed conflict.
Education: Schools were reported to be closed in the first week of August. Health: Health services were reported to be severely constrained in Murzuq, both in terms of availability of medical supplies for chronic diseases as well as medical assistance for acute cases.
As of 9 August, over 4,721 refugees and migrants were rescued/intercepted at sea by the Libyan Coast Guard in 2019. So far this month, 179 refugees and migrants disembarked at the Tripoli Naval Base  ( 101 individuals )  and Azzawya  ( 75 individuals ) . On 5 August, 28 refugees and migrants disembarked at the Tripoli Naval Base.
Currently, there are 3,000 refugees and migrants held in detention facilities near conflict affected areas. UNHCR is advocating for the end of detention in Libya and for the orderly release of all refugees in detention centres to the urban areas.
There is an urgent need for additional legal pathways, including humanitarian corridors out of Libya, to provide solutions in third safe countries. So far this year, 1,345 refugees have departed Libya, including 1,005 under the evacuation and 340 under resettlement programmes.
Following the escalation of the security situation in Murzuq in the first week of August, at least 430 families  ( approximately 2,150 individuals )  have been displaced in the last 72 hours to Sebha, Ubari, Wadi Etba, Al Gatroun and safer neighborhoods in Murzuq. Reported hostilities included airstrikes in areas inhabited by civilians, particularly in Disa neighborhood in Murzuq City
AOAV recorded 121 civilian casualties from airstrikes between January and June 2019, compared to 19 in the same period the previous year. While civilian casualties from shelling increased from 43 to 80.
In the first half of 2019, AOAV recorded a further 223 civilian casualties from explosive violence in Libya. While, this is a decrease compared to the same period last year, when 339 civilian deaths and injuries were recorded, the nature of the violence has changed. Indeed, civilian casualties from airstrikes and shelling have increased since Haftar's forces launched an offensive to seize the capital earlier this year.
As of 2 August, 4,622 refugees and migrants were rescued/intercepted at sea by the Libyan Coast Guard in 2019. In the month of July alone, 856 refugees and migrants disembarked in Libya. This marks a decrease when compared to data collected in June  ( 1,336 persons )  and May  ( 1,224 persons ) .
UNHCR estimates that 4,900 refugees and migrants are currently held in detention centres in Libya, out of whom 3,600 are of concern to UNHCR. Currently, there are 3,000 refugees and migrants held in detention facilities near conflict affected areas.
As of 18 June, WHO verified 166 civilian casualties, including 42 fatalities. Over 94,000 people have fled their homes as a result of the fighting, according to IOM displacement tracking  ( IOM/ DTM ) , while thousands more remain trapped in conflict affected areas.
Furthermore, 4,754 migrants are currently held in detention centers run by authorities in Libya, out of which over 2,967 migrants detained in Tripoli and nearby areas are considered at high risk of being affected by the conflict.
On 02 July, a set of airstrikes hit Tajoura detention center  ( DC )  where migrants were being held. The airstrike resulted in at least 53 fatalities while another 87 migrants, including children, were injured*. The sustained use of air strikes and artillery shelling in the vicinity of areas inhabited by civilians, including migrants, continues to negatively impact the livelihoods of civilian population as the conflict has become protracted.
Following a military offensive on Western Libya which began on 04 April and has put up to 500,000 children at risk UNICEF and its partners have expanded the emergency response to ensure that all conflict affected children and their families have life saving health, education, water, sanitation and hygiene  ( WASH ) , and child protection support.
In 2019, Libya entered its eighth year of insecurity and protracted conflict, a period marked by frequent clashes between rival armed groups that has been exacerbated by intertwined political and economic instability. In addition, widespread damage to the basic infrastructure, security threats associated with armed group activity and severe shortages of cash liquidity have undermined the future prospects of Libyan and non Libyan residents and affected their livelihoods and their access to basic social services.
At the beginning of 2019, 1.6 million people were reported to be impacted by the current crisis in Libya, and 823,000 people across the country including 241,000 girls and boys needing humanitarian assistance.1 The majority of people in need, according to the Humanitarian Needs Overview which served as the foundation for the 2019 Humanitarian Response Plan, are located in urban areas, primarily in the western and eastern regions of the country.
As the conflict in Libya continues, child protection gaps and violence against children continue to be reported in homes, schools and communities. Since the inception of the conflict in Tripoli on 04 April children have been reported to suffer from psychosocial stress due to the ongoing conflict and children and their families are reported to be at increased risk to unexploded ordnances  ( UXO )  and explosive devices.
The conflict in Western Libya that broke out on 04 April has further impacted Libya's education system: 21 are schools are reported to be used as collective centres to host displaced persons in and around Tripoli and the high levels of violence led to the suspension of the school year in impacting the education of some 122,088 school age children in nine districts in and around Tripoli. Many conflict, and displaced affected children are suffering from psychosocial distress or trauma, affecting their ability to learn and develop to their fullest potential.
Water and sanitation services and infrastructure have continued to deteriorate. Displaced and conflict affected communities are particularly vulnerable to the negative consequences of a deterioration in hygiene and sanitation services. Thirty three percent of schools in Libya do not have access to WASH services.8 Sporadic attacks on water infrastructure had been reported since the start of clashes in April 2019, making it difficult for Man Made River Project  ( MMRP )  staff to carry on routine maintenance of infrastructure.
Between 28 May 05 June the municipality of Ghat in southern Libya experienced heavy rain which caused flooding, damaging several locations in the municipality, impacting 20,000 people and resulting in four deaths, including three children and 30 injuries. 4,250 people were displaced from their homes because of the flooding, of which 1,200 were hosted in five collective shelters. Water infrastructure was also damaged and contaminated by the flooding, increasing the risk of disease outbreaks including acute watery diarrhoea and damaging telecommunications networks. By 11 June 22 cases of acute water diarrhoea were recorded due to the flooding.
Recalling the recent deaths of 150 migrants whose ship capsized off the Libyan coast and an air strike that killed 52 people in a migrant detention centre in the city of Tajoura, he emphasized the need for more action to address the root causes of the crisis and to end the suffering of refugees and migrants. The escalating war around Tripoli shows no sign of abating, and more than 400,000 people live in areas directly impacted by clashes and humanitarian conditions are deteriorating, he added.
Since the onset of the conflict, the education of nearly 120,000 students has been affected. 27 schools are now used as shelters for families who fled their homes. The latest attack on Al Alamain school has fortunately not caused any casuality but it further hampers children from accessing their basic right to education, a cornerstone for peace and development.
We are deeply saddened by the tragic news of a shipwreck off the coast of Al Khoms where over 100 persons may have lost their lives. This is a terrible reminder of the risks still faced by those making this dangerous journey to Europe. Every life lost is one too many. Our aim has always been to prevent lives being lost at sea and we will continue our work to prevent these perilous journeys taking place in the first place.
In particular, we are supporting UNHCR's work to resettle the most vulnerable refugees with durable solutions outside Libya; around 4,400 refugees having been evacuated so far. We are also working closely with the IOM and the African Union and its Member States to continue the Voluntary Humanitarian Returns, thereby adding to the more than 45,000 migrants returned to their countries of origin so far.
Secretary General Antonio Guterres, along with the heads of a number of UN agencies, expressed horror at Thursday's reports that as many as 150 people may be dead after a boat they were traveling in capsized off the coast of Libya, making it the worst such tragedy in the Mediterranean this year.
Should the toll of 150 lives lost be confirmed, yesterday's shipwreck will be the biggest known incident since May 2017. Even before this incident, 669 deaths had been reported on the Mediterranean Sea so far in 2019.
On 8 May, a clearly marked armored ambulance vehicle carrying the Director of Tripoli's Ambulance and Emergency Medical Services was hit in an apparent direct attack in the Twaisha area of Qasr Bin Ghasheer, injuring two paramedics and leaving the Director in critical condition. He lost both legs in the attack.
On the overnight of 7 8 May, airstrikes against a GNA compound in Tajoura caused damages and injured two persons within the Tajoura detention centre  ( DC )  located in close proximity, in which some 564 refugees and migrants were detained at the time. In a statement on 8 May,
A shipwreck off the coast of Libya has claimed the lives of 150 refugees and migrants, the most recent incident in a line of tragedies in the Mediterranean Sea. This is a stark reminder of the humanitarian crisis emerging out of the country, and of the urgent need for search and rescue missions to be resumed in the Mediterranean Sea.
While the battle in Tripoli rages against a backdrop of dysfunctional governance, more than 5,000 people remain trapped in detention centres. Around 60% of them are confined in close proximity to the violence. Yet refugees who have attempted to cross the Mediterranean Sea in search of safety continue to be intercepted by the Libyan Coastguard and returned; the numbers have doubled since the start of the conflict in April with around 4,000 people having been intercepted and returned to Libya in July alone.
U.N. deputy spokesman Farhan Haq said the Tajoura detention center had been fully evacuated as of July 10, following a July 2 airstrike that killed at least 53 refugees and migrants and injured at least 130 others.
At least 2,500 refugees and migrants are estimated to remain in detention centers exposed to or at risk of armed conflict in and around Tripoli, out of at least 5,600 refugees and migrants held in detention centers in Libya," Haq added.
The U.N. said earlier this month that the battle for Tripoli has killed more than 1,000 people.
Most humanitarian assistance are however concentrated in Tripoli of West Libya due to funding limitations while Mantikas such as Murzuq, Derna, Alkufra, Zwara, Wadi Ashshati, Ubari, Sebha, Ghat, Aljufra, Ghiryan, Almargeb, Aljfara, Ainzara, Sirte and some parts of Tripoli are lacking GBV services largely due to humanitarian access challenges.
High food prices have also been identified as a major challenge for 20 percent of respondents and more than half of respondents voiced their worries to obtain sufficient food to eat. To cope with the lack of food, more than a quarter of respondents have gone a whole day without eating and 15 percent have skipped meals in the 30 days before the survey.
More than two thirds of migrants rely on casual or daily labour for generating income, and 22 percent reported earning income through small personal businesses. Only 13 percent of respondents reported receiving wages on a regular basis. Another 9 percent said they are relying on support from family and friends to survive, while 7 percent depend on assistance from charities or humanitarian organizations. More concerningly, nine percent of migrants are engaging in informal activities, including begging, scavenging and other risky activities to support themselves.