nlp-thedeep/humsetbias huggingface dataset:
88% of respondents overall said that if they heard of a case of violence against a woman or girl, they would report it: Non displaced  ( 88% ) , IDP  ( 90% ) , Refugee  ( 85% ) .
24% of respondents overall reported that they were aware of services or programs available in their community that were specifically for women: Non displaced  ( 24% ) , IDP  ( 30% ) , Refugee  ( 38% ) .
16% of  [  households ]  HHs overall reported having women and/or girls who had avoided areas in their current location because they felt unsafe, in the 6 months prior to data collection: Non displaced  ( 15% ) , IDP  ( 27% ) , Refugee  ( 18% ) .
57% of  [ households ]  HHs overall reported having ≥1 child aged 6 17 years who was engaged in any form of child labour  ( inside or outside the home ) , in the 6 months prior to data collection: Non displaced  ( 58% ) , IDP  ( 58% ) , Refugee  ( 40% ) .
3% of  [ households ]  HHs overall reported having ≥1 child under the age of 18 who was not living with the HH at the time of data collection: Non displaced  ( 3% ) , IDP  ( 5% ) , Refugee  ( 12% ) .
30% of  [ households ]  HHs overall reported having ≥1 member who had shown signs of psychological distress in the 3 months prior to data collection:  [ Non displaced  ( 30% ) , IDP  ( 30% ) , Refugee  ( 29% )  ] .
27% of  [ households ]  HHs overall were living in an unfinished/unenclosed building, collective shelter, tent or emergency shelter:  [ Non displaced  ( 25% ) , IDP  ( 75% ) , Refugee  ( 84% )  ] . Among HHs with shelter, 62% of these HHs overall were living in shelters that did not meet agreed technical and performance standards at the time of data collection:  [ Non displaced  ( 61% ) , IDP  ( 90% ) , Refugee  ( 78% )  ] .
Among  [ households ]  HHs overall with ≥1 woman who has given birth in the 2 years prior to data collection, 63% of HHs relied exclusively on breastfeeding between the ages of 0 6 months  [ Non displaced  ( 63% ) , IDP  ( 68% ) , Refugee  ( 64% )  ] .
Among the 80% of households overall that attempted to access health care in the 3 months prior to data collection, 81% Of  [ households ]  HHs overall experienced barriers to accessing this health care  [ Non displaced  ( 82% ) , IDP  ( 96% ) , Refugee  ( 58% )  and 97% Of HHs had to pay for it. Non displaced  ( 97% ) , IDP  ( 97% ) , Refugee  ( 74% )  ] .
16% of households overall had ≥1 child aged 6 59 months enrolled in a therapeutic feeding programme. Non displaced  ( 16% ) , IDP  ( 26% ) , Refugee  ( 22% ) .
Measures to curb the spread of COVID 19 are compounding existing protection challenges, including gender based violence, intercommunal conflict, human rights violations, harassment and there is heightened risk of exploitation such as trafficking, child labour or early marriage.
US$ 13.8 million cash based transfers  ( happened in Sudan )
Over 1.87 million IDPs and 1.1 million refugees are living in crowded settlements with inadequate water and sanitation services and already facing significant protection challenges in addition to loss of livelihoods and interruption in basic services. For refugees, it is particularly concerning as the health facilities in refugee camps and other refugee hosting locations are basic with inadequate supplies and poor infrastructure that do not meet infection control standards. While official border entry points with neighbouring countries have closed, small numbers of refugees continue to arrive and are placed in a two week quarantine, following the Government of Sudan's COVID 19 response protocols.
Additionally, about 600,000 IDP children attending some form of learning in the camps and host communities are also affected. This follows various interruptions in 2019 due to the political crisis which impact the 2019 school calendar.
At the time of closure, all classes had been completed in public schools. about 836,000 students have, however, been unable to complete the Grade 8 and Grade 11 school exams – attempts are being made to schedule the exams for July in six states  ( West Darfur, Khartoum, Kassala, Gedarif, White Nile, West Kordofan ) .
In Khartoum state, 70 per cent of the primary health clinics have been closed since May as a COVID 19 containment measure and in some facilities, stigma has resulted in patients not being admitted for treatment of other illnesses. Regular treatments for malnutrition or maternal care may have to be suspended.
The situation  [ food insecurity ]  is especially concerning in some states like North Kordofan, with an increase of 335 per cent, or Gazera, with an increase of over 200 per cent. Conflict related displacements, significant macroeconomic challenges, resulting in high inflation rates, exacerbated by COVID 19 prevention measures are the main causes of the increasing hunger in Sudan.
These access gaps are a critical impediment to the fight against COVID 19, as well as people's general well being and survival from other threats. COVID 19 cases have led to closure of some health facilities to close to other patients due to isolation procedures
The closure of borders also reduced internal movements for goods and people. In addition, the global economic slowdown during the pandemic has led to reduced remittances  ( estimated at about $3 billion per year ) , which is likely to impact people's wellbeing.
The ongoing economic crisis, years of conflict, back to back drougths and floods, and disease outbreaks continue to lead to displacement, high levels of food insecurity and malnutrition that affect the lives and livelihoods of many Sudanese.
Sudan recorded the first COVID 19 case on 13 March 2020 and, at the beginning of July, the Federal Ministry of Health had confirmed that nearly 10,000 people had contracted the virus, including over 600 who died from the disease across the country.
Despite the Government, humanitarian partners and local organizations' efforts to increase awareness about the risks of COVID 19 and how to prevent transmissions, social/physical distancing and other practices have not been widely adhered to by the population.
Stigma, denials, misinformation, and rumours have emerged as key challenges to the COVID 19 response, preventing positive health seeking behaviour in the affected populations.
In 2018, Darfur closed 25% of its health facilities because of a lack of funds and staff
Darfur is one of the poorest regions in Sudan, with poverty rates as high as 67% in some areas. High food prices and reduced household purchasing power are projected to drive increased levels of food insecurity in the first half of 2021 in Darfur and across Sudan.
At least 35 schools are being used as IDP shelters. This could result in long term delays to school re openings following COVID 19 related closures. Schools had planned to reopen by 31 January
Conditions in the communal shelters are overcrowded and unsanitary, increasing the risk of COVID 19 transmission and other communicable diseases
Disruptions to winter harvesting and planting activities and the loss of livestock caused by the conflict induced displacement are likely to have long lasting impacts on people's livelihoods and food security situations
Access constraints are preventing actors from scaling up responses. Protestors have blocked main roads into Ag Geneina, and humanitarian flights remain suspended. 700,000 people in need have not been reached since 17 January. Organisations have negotiated access to areas outside Ag Geneina town, enabling them to provide assistance to 40,000 newly displaced people
Government entities were also allowed to operate with between 30 to 50 per cent of the employees, to reduce congestion in the workplace with a requirement for all staff to wear masks.
Intercommunal tensions between Arab and non Arab groups have resulted in violent clashes and population displacements in West Darfur since 2017, with incidents increasing towards the end of 2020
Displaced people are sheltering in schools and other public buildings across Ag Geneina and in surrounding villages.
On 18 January, violent clashes between Fallata and Rizeigat tribes displaced 19,300 people in South Darfur.
Protection, shelter and non food items  ( NFIs ) , WASH, food, and health are key priorities.
The government has deployed joint security forces in Toweil village. The situation has stabilized over the past three days. The top priorities are protection, shelter, food, water, and health services. IOM reports that 61 individuals have died and 56 sustained injuries. At least 5,000 people lost personal belongings and livestock.
WFP managed UN Humanitarian Air Service  ( UNHAS )  is essential to facilitate humanitarian access, thereby enabling UN agencies, non governmental organizations and the humanitarian community to safely and securely reach the most vulnerable populations. In October 2020, UNHAS transported 2,194 passengers from 80 partner organizations reaching over 29 destinations and delivered 11.3 metric tons of light humanitarian cargo including Personal Protective Equipment for COVID 19.
The devastating floods come at a time when hunger levels remain alarmingly high in Sudan with increased and protracted displacement, economic decline and inflation, and high food price hikes, exacerbated by the impacts of the COVID 19 pandemic. Despite the challenges posed by the COVID 19 outbreak, WFP continues to provide emergency food assistance to ensure critical support reach the people in need.
With the heavy rains making access to affected areas difficult, WFP has facilitated rapid needs assessments and delivery of assistance using the WFP managed UN Humanitarian Air Service  ( UNHAS ) . Since the start of flood season, WFP has participated in some 20 assessment missions to guide interventions and identify people who are most in need. WFP has transported three metric tons of food supplies provided by the government to flood affected people in Bout town in Blue Nile state.
[ According to the Government's Humanitarian Aid Commission ]  WFP provided a first round of emergency food assistance to 7,200 people and distributions for 40,000 people are currently ongoing. “WFP is working tirelessly with the Government of Sudan and partners to get food out to the affected people. Together, we are trying to scale up the number of people reached every day,' he added.
By the end of the reporting period, 72 per cent of refugee households still did not have access to household latrines. The majority continued practicing open defecation, while some had access to communal latrines in often unsanitary conditions. Some progress has been achieved in White Nile State where the percentage of families with household latrine  ( across camps )  has improved from 13.3 to 39 per cent. The situation in other camps remains dire with 96 persons sharing a single latrine, far exceeding the standard of 20 persons per latrine. This has resulted in widespread open defecation practices.
While the distribution is significant, in practice only 48 per cent of the refugee households received sufficient soap. Inconsistent soap distribution of at least 450g/p/m and an additional 250g p/m for women and girls of reproductive age undermines hygiene promotion efforts, with 52 per cent of refugee households not having received sufficient soap for personal hygiene, including women and girls of reproductive age.
In collaboration with the GoS and implementing partners, WFP provided food assistance to more than 250,000 flood affected people in ten states between September and November 2020, the UN agency reports.
In South Kordofan State, one haffir  ( water harvesting basin )  has been upgraded in El Leri locality  ( Dar Batti settlement )  to provide safe drinking water to over 25,000 refugees and host communities, contributing to creating peaceful coexistence between the two. This has also resulted in a reduction of travel time to fetch water and reduction of protection risks, including sexual and gender based violence. Although below the RRRP target of 20l/p/d, RRRP partners managed to consistently ensure at least 12l/p/d up from the previous 6l/p/d available before the intervention.
During the reporting period, an estimated 6,359 refugee' households were reached with emergency shelter assistance, mainly in White Nile State  ( 1,972 ) , South Darfur  ( 294 ) , East Darfur  ( 3,963 )  and East Sudan  ( 130 ) . This included 855 new refugee households. In addition, 5,504 households received seasonal/emergency replenishments and/or repairs.
Some 145 households from the host communities were also provided with NFIs. Key challenges in distributions for new arrivals and other households in need were related to NFI delivery, fuel shortages and countrywide lockdown since March 2020 semi paralyzing movement between States. Nevertheless, distributions continued for those in need, while ensuring good practices in the COVID 19 context.
As of June, some 20,633 households received NFIs across the following eight states – Khartoum, North Darfur, South Darfur, East Darfur, West, North and South Kordofan and White Nile State, of which 1,287 households are new arrivals in White Nile State and newly accessed households in North Kordofan State.
With the COVID 19 outbreak affecting all states in Sudan,  [ Regional Refugee Response Plan ]  RRRP partners put in place measures to control the spread of the infection, including health education among community members, enhanced disease surveillance systems, active case finding and contact tracing. RRRP partners also recruited additional staff and trained health care personnel on case management and infection prevention and control. To promote hand washing, a key measure in prevention of transmission of the disease, additional hand washing facilities were installed at strategic locations in the health facilities.
The leading causes of morbidity were respiratory tract infection  ( 26 per cent ) , malaria  ( 10 per cent )  and acute diarrhea  ( 2 per cent ) . In addition, a total of 1,385 individuals provided with secondary and tertiary health care services.
Global Acute Malnutrition coupled with anaemia  ( all above WHO threshhold )  and other micronutrient deficiencies remained the major gap due to funding shortages across all sectors in most of the locations. Approximately 30 per cent of the refugees  ( mostly living in out of camp and urban locations )  do not have access to free primary health care services.
In order to reduce the risk of transmission of COVID 19, partners adjusted food distribution protocols to ensure there was no crowding and to observe physical distancing during the distribution exercise. In addition, the prepositioning of food for two months took place ahead of possible lockdowns that would hamper timely food distributions. Partners conducted health education on prevention of COVID 19 and installed hand washing facilities at the distribution sites.
Efficient coordination between the Ministry of Education, both at federal and state levels, and  [ Regional Refugee Response Plan ]  RRRP partners ensured that distance learning materials were available in various platforms and devices. However, the extent to which refugees benefited from this was very limited given the lack of access to the devices required for this type of learning.
The onset of the COVID 19 crisis is exacerbating the existing economic crisis as well as under resourced health services. Other refugee services, such as registration, were halted until preventive measures were introduced. Additionally, prolonged lockdown measures to slow the spread of the virus further reduced income opportunities. The Integrated Food Security Phase Classification  ( IPC )  report for Sudan foresees increased food insecurity for the second half of 2020.
163,051 asylum seekers and refugees biometrically registered 9,191 children with specific needs received individual case management Identification of survivors of SGBV remains very low. Funding for adequate registration facilities remains a challenge.
[ Key activities by sector to support preparedness and response to COVID 19 ]  Education: • Risk communication and community engagement especially through schools and media • Psycho social support for affected populations • Support engagement or re purposing of teachers as agents for community awareness and risk communication
Lack of medical staff and high turnover are recurrent challenges. These facilities do not have the capacity for intensive care management and referral mechanisms are weak due to resource constraints.
Of concern are over 2 million IDPs and 1.1 million refugees many of whom are living in crowded settlements with inadequate water and sanitation services and already facing significant protection challenges in addition to loss of livelihoods and interruption in basic services.
The vulnerable and poor whose income and livelihoods heavily depends on a daily wage will be affected by curfew and, in the event of full lockdown, risk not to being able to provide a daily meal for their family.
The recent evacuation of displacement camps in South Sudan  ( namely, Ida, Agung and Faamir )  have resulted in the largescale return of affected populations to northern Sudan  ( their country of origin )
Following various interruptions in 2019, due to the political crisis, another prolonged closure of schools will impact learning. In some areas, children and their families benefit from school feeding programmes further affecting their nutrition.
Measures to slow the spread of COVID 19 including closure of schools are affecting children's access to education and some may not be able to return to school.
Several health centers have been damaged by floodwater. It is unknown that what extent these are operational. Due to the economic crisis, there are severe shortages of medicines countrywide. The health system, including the capacity and provision of local health facilities, is badly equipped
Most of the affected people are in need of WASH assistance. Over 5,600 latrines have been destroyed across the affected region.
Flooding may indirectly cause an increase in vector borne diseases as standing waters, caused by heavy rainfall or overflowing rivers, are possible breeding sites for mosquitoes expanding the number and range of vector habitats. Flood affected populations tend to be more exposed to infections such as dengue and malaria.
With over 34,586 houses damaged or destroyed, emergency shelter is a major need among the affected population. Families are reported to be sleeping under trees. It is unclear how many people have been displaced by the flooding. NFI needs include plastic sheeting, blankets, mats and household supplies
With nearly 66,500 people affected, the White Nile state is the worst impacted. About 13,300 houses have been either damaged or destroyed by the flooding, in addition to some 335 latrines
The floods also damaged an unknown number of public facilities including mosques, schools, health centres and government institutions
As of 20 August, some 179,000 people have been affected by heavy rains and flooding across 15 states in Sudan according to the government's Humanitarian Aid Commission.
Additionally, thousands of livestock have been killed which is likely to affect livelihoods and food security, especially of poor households.
On average, prices for sheep and goats in November 2019 were double the levels observed last year and 250 300 percent above the five year average.
livestock prices increased by 10 to 15 percent between October and November in most main markets in Sudan. These increases are reportedly due to a combination of seasonal improvements in pasture and water availability, as well as continued depreciation of the Sudanese Pound
The value of the Sudanese Pound has depreciated on the parallel market from 69 SDG/USD in October to 81 SDG/USD in November, and to 88 SDG/USD in December.
The price of goat increased by 60 to 205 percent in all states compared to the same month of the previous year. The current retail prices of goat are higher by 214 to 569 percent in all states compared to the 5 year average of May.
The total supply of the new harvest  ( November 2020 – January 2021 )  of sorghum is around 141,433MT compared to 73,966MT in the for same period of the previous season, which is almost 79 percent increase for the same period.
The average wholesale price of millet for April 2019 was SDG2,353/sack  ( =100Kg ) ; it decreased by 16 percent compared to April 2019 and it is higher by 26 percent compared to the same period of the previous year.
In May 2019, sorghum retail prices increased in 7 out 12 states compared to the previous month, while it remained stable in the rest of the states. It significantly increased in East Darfur  ( 13 percent ) , North Darfur  ( 12 percent ) , Red Sea  ( 8.1 percent ) , North Kordofan  ( 7.6 percent ) , White Nile  ( 7.3 percent )  and slightly in Blue Nile  ( 4.9 percent )  and West Darfur  ( 2.5 percent ) . It remained stable in Kassala, South Kordofan, South Darfur and Central Darfur.
The national average price of goat increased by 4.1 percent, compared to the previous month  ( April 2019 ) . This is mainly attributed to the inflationary increase the prices of commodities and Agricultural inputs. The national retail price of goat increased by 104 percent compared to the same month of the previous year. It is also higher by 307 percent compared to the five year average of May
WFP Sudan received a EUR 1,4 million from the Italian government for School Feeding programmes in Red Sea and Kassala States.
Lack of cash liquidity continues throughout the country, as restrictions coming from the Central Bank of Sudan  ( CBS )  persist. However, during the month of December disruptions to WFP's cashbased transfer activities were only experienced in the locality of Kerenik, West Darfur.
The $51.86 million received and the $13.14 million carried over from 2017 still left a gap of US$50 million which had a significant impact on UNICEF's ability to provide life saving response to 2.6 million emergency affected children.
On World Children's Day  ( 20th of November )  over 60 children took over the UNICEF Sudan office to learn about UNICEF programs and the CRC  [ Convention on the Rights of Children ] , then were given the opportunity to suggest solutions and ideas to further support vulnerable children in Sudan.
In partnership with the Ministry of Health and NGOs, UNICEF constructed household and communal latrines for 37,043 people  ( Male: 15,941, Female: 21,102, including 18,892 children )  which achieved 14 percent of the 2018 target. This target was also affected by the combination of lower than expected humanitarian WASH funding and the non occurrence of expected emergencies and resulting shift in modality. UNICEF utilised the Community Led Total Sanitation  ( CLTS )  approach to mobilise communities to construct their own long term latrines and to promote sanitation in conflict affected and returnee communities.
In addition, 1,026,780 people  ( Male: 510,663, Female: 516,077, including 523,658 children )  have been reached for improved access to water through the operation, maintenance and water chlorination services for their existing water sources, water transportation, and household water storage.
However, in 2018, in partnership with the Water Environmental Sanitation  ( WES )  project  ( under the Ministry of Water Resources, Irrigation and Electricity )  and the private sector, UNICEF provided access to basic water supply for 161,789 vulnerable residents, IDPs and South Sudanese Refugees including approximately 82,512 children.
Increases in inflation, customs levies and transport prices raised the cost of private water delivery, water and sanitation facilities, rehabilitation and construction, operation and maintenance, spare parts, chemicals and fuel procurement, and transportation of supplies such as chlorine from Khartoum to the States.
This year, funding only reached 27 percent of the 2018 Humanitarian Action for Children  ( HAC )  estimated requirements, hampering the reach of UNICEF's WASH programme
Critical challenges were faced during the year, including the fuel and cash shortages, leading to delays in sub national immunization and Vitamin A supplementation campaigns, delayed transportation of supplies as well as monitoring and supportive supervision activities.
These  [ Outpatient Therapeutic Programmes and Supplementary feeding Programmes for children under 5 ]  were delivered in an integrated manner alongside health measures resulting in an additional 3,068 children receiving measles immunizations, 514 children receiving treatment for diarrhoea and 984 pregnant mothers enrolled in antenatal care.
There was improvement in the casual labor wage daily rate, which increased by 17.0 percent in January 2021 compared to December 2020, that might improve the purchasing power of population and mitigate the impact of high food prices, which also need to be closely monitored.
Following a UNHCR conducted Nutrition Survey14 that reported high levels of malnutrition amongst South Sudanese Refugees in White Nile, South and West Kordofan states, UNICEF launched a large scale surge response dubbed the ‘Find and Treat Campaign'. This mobilized the Ministry of Health, NGO partners and communities, and built their capacity to screen 22,057 children under five for malnutrition  ( of which 656 were identified with severe acute malnutrition and 2,500 as moderately malnourished ) . These  [ children ]  were admitted for treatment through OTPs  [ Outpatient Therapeutic Programme ]  run by UNICEF and Supplementary Feeding Programmes run by the World Food Programme.
UNICEF welcomed our regional office surge support and deployment of Irish Aid, who spent four months in Jebel Marra facilitating capacity building, partnership coordination, monitoring and transportation of supplies. In Jebel Marra, UNICEF also provided support to communities that have not received humanitarian assistance for over five years. All services, Nutrition, immunization, Integrated Management of Childhood Illness  ( IMCI )  and WASH were delivered as an integrated package.
UNICEF led multiple initiatives to deliver humanitarian assistance to communities previously isolated by conflict in the Jebel Marra area of Darfur. UNICEF established 30 new OTP  ( Outpatient Therapeutic Programme )  centres and 60 mother support groups.
Mother support groups were expanded during the year to provide counselling at the community level and more community health workers were trained and equipped to provide treatment for Diarrhoea and malaria at the household level.
During 2018, a total of 1,635,400 children under five  ( including IDPs and refugees )  received health and nutrition interventions through UNICEF support. This includes 462,919 children who received their first measles vaccinations  ( 90% of the annual immunization target ) , 956,925 children that were treated for common childhood diseases through the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness  ( IMCI )  services  ( 100% of the planned target )  and 215,556 children received Severe Acute Malnutrition treatment  ( 86% of our targets ) .
A key achievement for 2018 was the support UNICEF and partners provided to conflict affected children in hard to reach areas. One example was when UNICEF and its partners negotiated access to 1300 children from non government controlled areas in Jebel Marra to receive educational support and sit for their Grade 8 exams in government controlled territory, thus permitting children to continue to higher education. UNICEF support also included school supplies, transportation, and access to safe water and sanitation facilities.
Overall the significant gap in funding for Education in Emergencies  ( EiE )  interventions, the economic situation, transportation difficulties and limited access to conflict affected areas  ( e.g. Jebel Marra )  have affected the ability of UNICEF and partners to deliver on planned targets.
The current protests over the economic crisis have caused concerns to be raised over the management of civil unrest and the mistreatment of adolescents detained after participating in peaceful demonstrations. UNICEF is closely monitoring the situation with the authorities and CSOs  [ Civil Society Organizations ]  concerned to ensure that all parties respect the rights of children and that relevant justice mechanisms are followed.
To help address this  [ large out of camp refugee child population ]  in 2018, UNICEF forged new CSO  [ Civil Society Organization ]  partnerships and strengthened community based child protection, in West & South Kordorfan, White Nile and South Darfur. This has enabled UNICEF to extend services to a broader population and the better networks have improved the identification of UASCs  [ Unaccompanied or Separated Children ]  within local communities.
Much of this  [ improved ]  funding is dedicated to addressing the protection needs of South Sudanese out of camp refugee children and children on the move which resulted in 113,753  ( 58,359 boys, 55,364 girls )  receiving support services.
In January 2021, the average cost of local food basket is slightly increased by 1.61 percent to reach 123.15 Sudanese pounds compared to the previous month. It is an increase by 223.2 percent compared to the same month of the previous year.
WFP concluded its response to unprecedented flooding that took place between July and September 2020 and provided assistance beyond the planned target of 247,000 people; beneficiaries received two week emergency food rations to address flood related needs.
The groundnut prices were increased in all states by 6 to 60 percent compared to the previous month. It sharply increased in West Kordofan  ( 60.0 percent ) , South Kordofan  ( 52.7 percent ) , Blue Nile  ( 26.8 percent ) , Central Darfur  ( 23.0 percent ) , West Darfur  ( 18.0 percent ) , East Darfur  ( 14.3 percent ) , North Kordofan  ( 12.6 percent )  and Kassala  ( 10.4 percent ) , while it significantly increase in South Darfur  ( 8.9 percent ) , North Darfur  ( 8.0 percent )  and White Nile  ( 6.0 percent ) .
The national average price of groundnut was higher by 835 percent compared to the fiveyears average of January.
[ In January, Wheat flour... ]  It was sharply increased in West Kordofan  ( 39.0 percent ) , Red Sea  ( 25.0 percent ) , North Kordofan  ( 25.0 percent ) , White Nile  ( 19.0 percent ) , South Kordofan  ( 13.8 percent ) , Central Darfur  ( 13.6 percent ) , while It slightly increased in Kassala by 3.8 percent.
Fighting among the Sudanese Armed Forces, armed opposition groups, militias, and ethnic groups in Blue Nile and South Kordofan states, Darfur, and Abyei Area has resulted in food, health, nutrition, protection, shelter, and WASH needs.  [ Specific location assessed   Darfur and Abyei  ]
Between September 19 and 21, USAID/BHA, in coordination with IOM, airlifted more than 155 MT of critical relief supplies including blankets, water containers, and plastic sheeting sufficient to provide emergency shelter for 75,000 people to Khartoum to support ongoing flood response activities.
State/PRM and USAID/BHA support WASH programming throughout Sudan to prevent and contain communicable disease outbreaks, including COVID19, as well as to prevent acute malnutrition in children, pregnant and lactating women, and other vulnerable people. State/PRM and USAID/BHA funding supports partners to provide emergency WASH support for conflict affected populations, as well as hygiene awareness sessions and safe drinking water to other populations in need.
Nutritional programming supports community  and evidence based management of malnutrition by focusing on children and pregnant and lactating women in particular and supporting nutrition education.
USAID/BHA supports the International Organization for Migration  ( IOM ) , UNICEF, WHO, and 11 international non governmental organizations  ( NGOs )  to provide life saving health care across Sudan. USAID/BHA provides essential medicines, supports health facilities, and trains community health workers to support critical health needs, as well as COVID 19 response efforts. In addition, USAID/BHA NGO partners and State/PRM partners including UNHCR support essential health interventions for IDPs and other vulnerable populations in Sudan.
The UN estimates that 13.4 million people will require humanitarian assistance in Sudan in 2021, with approximately $1.8 billion required during the year to provide life saving assistance to the most vulnerable people in the country.
In April 2019, a civilian uprising grew out of protests against high prices for bread, fuel shortages, and other economic issues. On April 11, Sudanese military officials overthrew President Omar al Bashir in support of a popular revolution, and subsequent political uncertainty contributed to heightened humanitarian security and protection concerns. In August, a signed constitutional declaration laid out arrangements for a civilian led transitional government for a 39 month period, with Abdalla Hamdock appointed as Prime Minister.
USAID/BHA supports partners on the forefront of efforts to prevent, identify, and treat acute malnutrition through the implementation of multisector integrated intervention approaches including health and WASH, as well as agriculture and food security.
USAID/BHA supports UNICEF, WFP, and three other partners to provide emergency food assistance to people experiencing acute food insecurity in Sudan, primarily through cash transfers for food and U.S. sourced cereals, pulses, and vegetable oil. With U.S. Government  ( USG )  and other donor support, WFP reached more than 2.6 million people in Sudan with humanitarian food assistance between October and December 2020.
In early and mid November, USAID/BHA partner the American Refugee Committee  ( ARC )  provided urgently needed humanitarian assistance to nearly 2,600 IDPs residing in East Darfur State's Melloi locality who had fled clashes between Falata and Massalit communities in South Darfur in mid October.
The MoH has called on the media to support the vaccination campaign and assist with the prevention of immunization misinformation. In addition, the MoH has called on armed opposition groups to permit medical teams to access areas under their control, particularly in Blue Nile and South Kordofan.
The campaign is intended to reach more than 8.6 million children across Sudan, according to the MoH. A second, follow up round of immunizations is planned to commence one month after the completion of the current round.
To inform future interventions, WFP is conducting post floods emergency food security assessments in the capital city of Khartoum, as well as in North Kordofan and Central Darfur, North Darfur, and West Darfur states.
State/PRM and USAID/BHA support efforts to provide the most vulnerable households in Sudan with emergency relief supplies, such as shelter materials and basic household items.
In response to ongoing acute food insecurity, USAID/BHA partner the UN World Food Program  ( WFP )  and implementing partners provided nearly 79,000 metric tons  ( MT )  of food assistance and $10 million in cash vouchers to more than 2.6 million beneficiaries between October and December 2020. Most beneficiaries reached with humanitarian food assistance were IDPs and conflict affected people in Darfur, government controlled areas of Blue Nile and South Kordofan, and chronically food insecure. areas of eastern and western Sudan, as well as refugees from South Sudan, flood affected households, and newly arrived Ethiopian refugees from Tigray.  [ Specific location assessed   Darfur ]
10,095 people affected, 1,117 houses destroyed, 902 houses damaged
Thousands of IDPs from the Kalma IDP camp in South Darfur delivered a memorandum to UNAMID during the week of December 28 demanding a reversal of the decision to end the mission and withdraw peacekeeping forces. The IDPs also staged a week long sit in in front of the UNAMID office in Kalma.
In addition to continued security provision, IDPs are demanding accountability for atrocities; support for disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration  ( DDR )  efforts for local armed groups; individual and collective compensation for displaced populations; and the restoration of hawakeer lands traditionally used by a particular clan or tribal group.
On December 4, the Intergovernmental Authority on Development  ( IGAD )  and UNHCR announced that the GoS and the Government of the Republic of South Sudan  ( GoRSS )  had agreed to a series of steps towards medium  and long term solutions for the approximately 7 million displaced people originating from and hosted by the two countries, as well as Sudanese and South Sudanese refugees residing in other states.
The total caseload constituted 1,301 returnees from the surrounding villages in North Darfur, as well as 238 returnees from abroad – having previously been displaced in Chad. Additionally, 644 of the returnees were identified as seasonal  ( return to their place of habitual residence annually based on seasonal activities such as the seasonal harvest ) .
In continuation of previous registration activities, 1,539 individuals  ( 316 households )  were registered in nine localities in North Darfur  ( namely, El Fasher, Kornoi, Dar El Salam, Kalimando, At Tina, Kutum, Tawilla, Um Baru and Mellit )  during this reporting period – 657 returnees  ( 133 households )  in April, 294 returnees  ( 62 households )  in May, and 588 returnees  ( 121 households )  in June.
Displacement had temporary occurred due to inter communal conflict between local farmers and pastoralists in the previous month. Of the total returnee caseload, there was a relatively even gender distribution with males constituting 49 per cent and females 51 per cent. The majority of returnees were youth between the ages of five and 17 years  ( 43% ) , followed by adults between the ages of 18 and 59  ( 40% ) . Fourteen per cent were under the age of five, and three per cent older than 60.
Displacement of 3,265 individuals  ( 614 households )  affected by inter communal clashes in Tulus and Gereida, South Darfur.
Displacement of 1,401 individuals  ( 261 households )  affected by inter communal clashes between Arab and Masalit tribes throughout Beida locality, West Darfur.  [ Specified assessed location: Beida Locality ]
As a sub component of Mobility Tracking  ( for more information please see Round One ) , DTM's Emergency Event Tracking  ( EET )  tool was activated to track sudden displacement and population movements, provide more frequent updates on the scale of displacement that occurs between Mobility Tracking rounds and quantify affected populations. When needed, registration activities were also used to verify figures collected through EET.
DTM's flow monitoring point in Abyei, where South Sudanese are registered upon arrival into Sudan, has been closed since the Government of Sudan declared a nationwide health emergency and a near total closure of its borders in response to the COVID 19 pandemic on 16 March 2020
From April to June 2020, IOM's Displacement Tracking Matrix  ( DTM )  conducted 6,549 registrations across three states in Sudan – 3,186  ( 49% )  of which were internally displaced persons  ( IDPs )  and 3,363  ( 51% )  returnees. All registered IDPs were situated in Kadugli, South Kordofan, whilst returnees were in both Zalingei, Central Darfur, as well as nine localities in North Darfur.  [ Specified assessed location: Zalingei ]
Conflict and food insecurity in neighboring South Sudan continues to fuel an influx of South Sudanese refugees into Sudan, placing further constraints on GoS and host community resources.
Ongoing conflict, protracted displacement, and climatic events in Sudan have disrupted livelihood activities and impeded access to natural resources and basic services.
In early September, State/PRM partner UNHCR provided emergency relief supplies to over 170,000 flood affected individuals across 12 of Sudan's 18 states.
WASH: 4.9 million people across Sudan do not have access to adequate drinking water and safe access to latrines.
11,450 people affected, 1,182 houses destroyed, 1,108 houses damaged
Since 3 June an increase in civilian causalities as a result of live ammunition have been reported due to violent activities between SLA AW  ( Sudan Liberation Movement led by Abdel Wahid Al Nur  ( SLM AW ) , )  splinter factions and continuous clashes between the SLA AW and RSF/Sudanese Armed Forces  ( SAF )
At least 784 people have been reported as injured and many people have been raped amidst the recent violence. Higher numbers of wounded people and incidents of sexual and gender based violence  ( SGVB )  must be assumed, as cases remain unreported
Tensions and fear among civilians are rising as some members of the TMC  ( Transitional Military Council )  were perpetrators of the Darfur genocide and other conflicts in Sudan
Across Sudan, an increase in violent incidents has been reported since 3 June. This includes attacks on refugees, renewed and intensified inter communal and/or armed group violence in eastern Sudan as well as in Darfur.
Sudanese Professional Association  ( SPA )  called for national civil disobedience and a countrywide strike. From 9 to 11 June, many hospitals, banks, ports, shops, as well as some ministries were closed countrywide. Both security forces and protesters blocked roads and public transport was barely functioning
On June 3 at around 6 am., the  [ Rapid Sudan Forces ]  RSF, stormed the peaceful sit ins and violently dispersed unarmed protesters in front of the military headquarters in Khartoum, as well as in nine other provinces in Sudan. It is estimated that close to 10,000 RSF soldiers were involved in the violent events in Khartoum.
Access is very limited in Sudan. Many humanitarian workers were evacuated from Khartoum and elsewhere following the escalation of violence at the beginning of June. Humanitarian operations, especially in Darfur, have been suspended until security improves. Road blocks, strikes at ports and administrative burdens challenge the delivery of aid. The Internet has been shut down since 10 June.
The economic crisis that began early 2018, is drastically worsening, and further exacerbating humanitarian need including access and availability of health care and food.
The chaotic political and security situation in Khartoum is seemingly spreading to other parts of the country. Since mid May an increase in incidents of civil unrest, including inter communal fighting, sometimes involving refugee or IDPs, and clashes between armed groups and security forces, and have been reported in Darfur, Kassala, South Kordofan and White Nile.
On 3 June, at least 118 people were killed, more than 780 people injured and at least 70 rape cases reported.
Protestors have faced severe human rights violations committed by Sudanese security forces. The situation escalated on 3 June when security forces violently raided peaceful sit ins outside the military headquarters in Khartoum.
Protection concerns in Khartoum and elsewhere remain extremely high, as continue and security forces continue to violently repress protestors.
Since President Al Bashir was overthrown in early April a transitional military council  ( TMC )  has been in place. Talks between members of military and civil society with the stated intention of forming an interim government seem unlikely to progress. Demonstrations against military rule are ongoing as people call for a transfer of power to civilians.
Additionally, heavy seasonal rains and flash floods between July to November 2018 affected over 200,000 people across Sudan damaging and destroying houses, livestock and agricultural yields.
High production costs have also contributed to the increase in food prices. Prices of agricultural inputs such as seeds, fertilizers, and herbicides tripled from September 2017 to September 2018. Costs for seasonal agricultural labour that almost doubled since May 2018 are an additional contributing factor.
Extreme shortages of fuel since March 2018 have raised transportation costs by 70% from September 2017 to 2018, making access to markets more costly.
Limited access to food, reduced purchasing power, and few livelihood alternatives for farmers have left an estimated 5.76 million people facing severe levels of food insecurity, especially in Khartoum, Red Sea, Blue Nile, White Nile, South Kordofan, Kassala, Gedaref and Darfur states.
WFP welcomed a EUR 500,000 contribution from France, which will boost the resilience of chronically food insecure families in South Kordofan through training smallholder farmers on post harvest practices and supporting productive safety nets activities.
The Sudan Logistics Cluster developed an updated General Logistics Map, showing locations of the refugee camps, condition of roads to the camps, and warehouse capacities within the camps.
WFP also continued to provide life saving food assistance  ( in kind food, cash based transfers )  and nutrition support for its regular operations, as well as providing take home rations in lieu of on site school meals during schools' closure due to the COVID 19 outbreak, across 15 states for the month of November.
Supporting 8,500 people to access safe drinking water and hygiene and sanitation services, reaching 20,000 flood affected people with health and nutrition services.
To continue responding to urgent needs related of the floods and disease outbreaks over the next four months, UNICEF is in urgent need of US$ 31 million. The 2020 Humanitarian Action for Children  ( HAC )  currently remains underfunded by 56% and this budgetary allocation is needed to immediately cover part of the existing funding gap. As of September 2020, UNICEF received US $64.5 million against the US$148 million 2020 HAC appeal.
Providing water tanks, chlorine tablets, mosquito nets, tents, soaps, jerricans, hygiene kits benefiting over 11,600 people.
With households displaced  [ due to flooding ] , protection risks, including psychological trauma, family separation, and gender based violence, are also likely to increase. In some areas, flooding has hampered the humanitarian response by rendering communities inaccessible by road.
The Sudanese Red Crescent has been distributing food, household items and providing primary health services to refugees and communities hosting them. The IFRC released emergency funds to enable the Sudanese Red Crescent Society to assist 40,000 people.
Many people have been displaced within Tigray, and almost 60,000 sought refuge in Sudan. Refugees and people displaced within the region suffer from a lack of food and essential services, like water and healthcare.
Displacement of 3,910 individuals  ( 901 households )  affected by the inter communal violence in West Darfur.
Displacement of 1,793 individuals  ( 300 households )  affected by inter communal clashes in Beliel Locality, South Darfur.  [ Specified assessed location: Beliel Locality ]
The UN agency is prioritizing funding for health, nutrition, protection, and water, sanitation, and hygiene  ( WASH )  support and for the establishment of up to 10 new resettlement sites in Sudan to accommodate new arrivals.
In coordination with the Government of Sudan  ( GoS ) , UNHCR is utilizing existing available land to expand shelter capacity at Um Rakuba; however, the camp was approaching full capacity as of early January.
Although the ongoing harvest is improving food security outcomes among poor rural households, the number of households facing Crisis IPC 3 or worse levels of acute food insecurity will remain greater than is typical through at least May 2021, particularly among internally displaced persons  ( IDPs ) , refugees, and poor urban households.
[ Sudan, September 2019 ]  Based on Sudan's IPC food insecurity August 2019, 6.3* M individuals fall under IPC level phase 3 and above  ( 5.1 M in crisis and 1.2 M in emergency ) , representing 14.5%* of the assessed population in Sudan, compared to 12.7%* based on January – March 2019 projection. Out of the 162 assessed localities, 59 are classified as phase 3 or worse.
In January, Wheat flour retail prices increased in 9 out of 12 states by 4.0 to 39 percent compared to the previous month, while it remained unchanged in North and South Darfur while it slightly decreased in Blue Nile by 1 percent.
In January, the average cost of local food basket is slightly increased to 123.15 SDG, which coupled with a tremendous increase in the inflation rate during the previous months, 269.33 and 254.34 percent in December and November 2020, respectively.
Political instability and COVID 19 posed obstacles in increasing individual registration. Government estimates suggest that over 820,000 South Sudanese refugees reside in Sudan. Of those 57% are registered  ( 53% individually, 4% HH  [ Households ]  )  and assisted.