nlp-thedeep/humsetbias huggingface dataset:
[ 5th July 2021, Adamawa state ] Response: • Sector partners led by IOM during the week conducted six awareness sessions on COVID 19 risks and mitigation measures across four LGAs, reaching some 15,983 people.
[ 16th 25th March 2021, North East, Nigeria ] Following the attack, food items were looted when residents fled for safety. Additionally, some residents lost their food supplies in fires during the attack and food distributions in both camps and locations where IDPs are residing with host communities are long overdue. This resulted in a major situation of food insecurity in the area of the attack. Food prices are rising and it was reported that some residents made their children beg on the streets because of a lack of food.
[ 5th July 2021, Adamawa state ] Needs: There is a need for the scale up of cash for work programme to encourage youth engagement and promotion of social cohesion across return areas
The security situation in Geidam and Yunusari Local Government Areas  ( LGAs )  relatively improved this week following the return of security forces  ( SF )  to Kanamma town and increased presence of SF in Geidam town. This has encouraged more returns of internally displaced persons  ( IDPs )  to their homes in the two towns.
[ 31st Jan   11th feb 2021, Borno State ]  Health seeking option sought by caregivers of reported ill children: The main treatment sought by caregivers of children reported ill was through medicine store/shop except in Mafa LGA where 41.3% of cases reported ill sought treatment at public hospital/clinic. The caregivers in Mafa, MMC, Konduga and Jere LGAs representing 16.3%, 7.1%, 6.6% and 2.7% did not seek any treatment for their ill children as illustrated in table 19. At the time of the data collection, there were several children referred by the survey team screened as sick or malnourished children. The caregiver of the child was issued with a referral form with need to take the sick child to the nearest hospital/clinic. Children reported sick and left at home for long are at higher risk of death and may suffer severe forms of acute malnutrition.
[ 27th   29th Mar 2021, Nigeria ]  On March 27 and March 29, Fires broke out in Waterboard Camp and GGSS Camp respectively, damaging 53 shelters in total and resulting in a great loss of properties for the affected IDPs. During the past years, there has been frequent Fire outbreaks in the camps in Monguno LGA in Borno State. The Fire outbreaks are the major reason for displacement within the camp. These fIre outbreaks are often triggered by cooking close to shelters, smoking, and burning of the bush surrounding the camp, destroying belongings and properties of the residents.
[ 27th   29th Mar 2021, Nigeria ]  As a result of the fIre outbreaks, the most needed assistance are shelter, as reported by 63% of the respondents, followed by NFIs  ( 20% )  and food  ( 17% ) .
[ 19th Apr 2021, North East, Nigeria ]  The availability of handwashing stations is an important determinant of whether communities are equipped with basic hygienic facilities to prevent the spread of COVID 19. During the fifth round of assessment, in 76 per cent of the locations assessed  ( up from 72% ) , respondents reported that no handwashing station filled with water and soap was available on site.
Since the beginning of March, repeated attacks by Non State Armed Groups  ( NSAG )  have been reported in Dikwa LGA. Following these attacks, numerous displacements have occurred and continue to occur until today
[ 31st Jan   11th feb 2021, Borno State ]  Coping strategy index: Households were embracing coping strategies in order to meet food needs at household level for the past seven  ( 7 )  days is indicated in table 29. In Jere and MMC more than 50% of the household were embracing coping strategies. The most common coping strategies embraced by household level across the surveyed LGAs was that of reducing meals eaten in a day and limiting portion sizes at meal times were above 50% in Jere and MMC. The most embraced coping strategy in Konduga and Mafa was reducing number of meals eaten in a day representing 21.1% and 33.8% of households as indicated in table 30. The reduced coping strategy index calculated based on severity weight and average number of days each coping strategy in each LGA was 26.3, 25.9, 20.8 and 25.8 in Jere, Konduga, Mafa and MMC respectively.
[ 27th June 2021, Nigeria ] COVID 19 lockdowns, movement restrictions, and border closures led to a sharp increase in economic hardship across Nigeria. The International Food Policy Research Institute estimated a 38% drop in GDP and an 18% decline in agri food GDP in Nigeria during the five week lockdown period from late March to early April 2020  ( Thurlow 2020 ) . The impact of lockdowns and movement restrictions on economic activity was also visible in the overall performance of the economy. By the third quarter of 2020, the GDP had contracted for the second consecutive quarter, and with the oil sector hit hard, the country slipped into a recession  ( Al Jazeera 2020 ) .
[ 28th Jun  4th July 2021, Yobe State ]  The total number of contacts who completed 14 days of monitoring without symptoms is two thousand, one hundred and twenty six  ( 2,126 ) . The total number of samples collected is eighteen thousand, six hundred and forty nine  ( 18,649 ) . Four hundred and ninety nine  ( 499 )  results are positive, sixteen thousand, six hundred and thirty six  ( 16,636 )  are negative, forty two  ( 42 )  for a repeat test, and two thousand, three hundred and seventeen  ( 1,472 )  remaining sample results are pending.
[ 18th May 2021, Nigeria ] The National President of All Farmers Association of Nigeria  ( AFAN ) , Kabir Ibrahim, said, with the present skyrocketing of food prices, it is going to be more costly for the nation to feed itself if there is no bumper harvest from the 2021 wet and dry season farming.
[ 18th May 2021, Nigeria ] Also, National President of the Poultry Association of Nigeria  ( PAN ) , Ezekiel Ibrahim, who spoke in an interview said, the poultry industry is at the verge of shutting down as most farmers can't cope with the high cost of production materials. He attributed the high cost of production materials to insecurity, climate change and hoarding.
[ 31st August 2020, Jere, Mafa, Kondunga and Maiduguri ] The highest form of education achieved by heads of HHs across the survey areas is Koranic education at 54.4%, 14.6% had acquired secondary education and the same proportion  ( 14.6% )  do not have any form of formal education. Konduga LGA recorded the highest proportion of persons with no any form of formal education at 20.6%.
[ 31st August 2020, Jere, Mafa, Kondunga and Maiduguri ] More so the most common source of income for households are Agricultural activities, petty trade and casual labor at 25.9%, 25.1% and 24.1% respectively.
[ 5th July 2021, Adamawa state ] Response: IRC reached some 1,547 people with critical services including patient consultations and also provided support to 11 primary health care  ( PHC )  facilities across communities in Michika LGA.
[ 2nd July 2021, North East Nigeria ]  Many needs remain unprovided in new arrived places, looking for safety and security. Child protection is needed for vulnerable children and adolescent girls confronted with lack of shelter, WASH, education and learning materials and large concentration of women and girls in water point as major concerns threatening their wellbeing as mentioned in the Multisectoral Need Assessment conducted in Bama GSS IDPs camp in North East Nigeria, following arrival of more than 41, 875 Individuals, of 12, 749 girls at the assessment report.
[ 24th March 2021 ]  “The disruption to essential services for people with TB is just one tragic example of the ways the pandemic is disproportionately affecting some of the world's poorest people, who were already at higher risk for TB,' said Tedros Ghebreyesus, WHO Director General.
[ 29th Mar   4th Apr 2021, Adamawa state, Nigeria ]  As at 4 th April 2021, 12,632 suspected cases have been reported out of which 1051 were confirmed positive, 10,965 were found negative, while 566 results remain pending. Majority of confirmed cases were from Yola South.
[ 28th March 2021, Nigeria ]   (  Cholera case )  There has been a gradual increase in the number of new cases in the last two weeks. Zamfara State accounts for about 100% of cases reported in the last two weeks. A total of 75 samples were collected of which 49 were positive  ( 38 RDT and 11 culture ) . The test positivity rate  ( TPR )  for laboratory confirmation by culture is 14.7%.
[ 31st August 2020, Jere, Mafa, Kondunga and Maiduguri ] Table 7 above shows that, across the 4 LGAs targeted for the survey, 82% of infants initiated breastfeeding within the first hour of life.  ( n=1964 )  of children  ( 0 24 month ) . Comparatively, according to the Nutrition & Food Security Surveillance  ( NFSS ) : Northeast Nigeria emergence survey report, 2019 , the proportion of mothers that initiated early breastfeeding  ( within one hour of birth )  in MMC & Jere and Central Borno domains is 53.7% ( n=246 )  and 49.2%  ( n=240 )  respectively, while the proportion of mothers that initiated breastfeeding within the first 24 hours of birth is 34.6% and 31.7% for the two domains respectively
[ 28th March 2021, Nigeria ]  Cholera update: State level Emergency Operation Centers  ( EOCs )  were activated in Nasarawa, Benue and Gombe. Currently, Zamfara EOC is in response mode.
[ 28th March 2021, Nigeria ]  Cholera update: Hygiene promotion, provision of safe water and sensitization on dangers of open defecation ongoing in high risk communities by WASH sector partners and Community Health Volunteers in the affected states.
[ 22nd 28th March 2021, Nigeria ] Laboratory: • Cumulative Positivity rate is 7.3 percent • Test per million of Population: 2,753 Case per million Population: 201 • Total COVID 19 test conducted 19,594 by Borno State o Initial test 18,594 o Follow up test 380
[ 31st August 2020, Jere, Mafa, Kondunga and Maiduguri ] 96.7%  ( n=1990 )  of mothers know that the first food a newborn baby should be given is breast milk, while 1.8% of them made reference to baby milk, date fruit, holy water and water and 1.5% said they don't know. This indicates that a large proportion of mothers in the study area have good knowledge of early initiation of breastfeeding, this corroborates findings from FGDs. FGDs participants in the Gonari community of Konduga LGA all agreed that most women in the community put the child to breast immediately after the child is born and this theme continued throughout the other FGDs.
[ 17th May 2021, Nigeria ] It is the first fall in Nigeria's inflation rate in the last 21 months. The last time inflation dropped in Nigeria was in August 2019 when it fell from 11.08 percent to 11.02 percent. The latest rate is contained in the NBS's Consumer Price Index  ( CPI )  report for April 2021 released on Monday in Abuja.“On month on month basis, the headline index increased by 0.97 per cent in April. This is 0.59 percentage points higher than the rate recorded in March  ( 1.56 per cent ) ,' the report said.
[ 31st August 2020, Jere, Mafa, Kondunga and Maiduguri ] A total of 66.1% f mothers of children 0 5 months reported exclusively breastfeeding their infants  ( table 8 )  across all LGAs. No significant difference was observed between male and female children. The 2019 NFSS report, indicated 45.3% and 37.5%  ( n=64 )  of children 0 5 months were exclusively breastfed in MMC & Jere and Borno Central domains respectively.
[ 20th April 2021, Nigeria ]  Mrs Okoh said “2020 WHO Global Tuberculosis Report indicated that an estimated 150,000 people have died in Nigeria as a result of the disease in 2019 alone.' She said the WHO report also revealed that 47 percent of Nigerians who develop active TB infection are children.
[ 28th Jun 2021, Yobe State ]  Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Needs: • The onset of the rainy season has raised concerns of the outbreak of water borne diseases, including AWD/cholera across host communities.
[ 12th 18th April 2021, Nigeria: Borno State ]  Total number of contacts line listed for follow up – 6,474 .Total initial Samples tested so far in UMTH laboratory stands at 20,317.Cumulative positivity rate 7% . Cumulative samples collected for week 15 were 33.
[ 22nd 28th March 2021 Nigeria ] Mobbar: 173 arrivals were recorded in Mobbar LGA of Borno State. All arrivals were from Diffa region in Niger. All of the movements recorded were voluntary relocation.
[ 26th July 2021, Bay states Nigeria ] Agriculture is the main economic activity in northeastern Nigeria, employing between 65 and 80 percent of the populations of Adamawa, Borno, and Yobe and contributing over half of regional GDP. Conflict over the past decade has only exacerbated a situation characterized by environmental degradation, low productivity, and high sensitivity to climatic factors.
[ 28th Jun 2021, Nigeria ]  The Minister Of Health, Dr. Osagie Ehanire, said “While we are taking steps to contain the third wave, we must continue to take proactive steps, part of which is identifying areas in the Isolation and Treatment Centres that require urgent attention such as training of frontline personnel, assessment and re assessment of medical devices and commodities stocks at the Isolation/Treatment Centres in line with preparatory strategy in accordance with WHO post second wave scenarios. In addition, we are also conducting Oxygen Readiness Assessment in the Isolation and Treatment Centres.'
[ 22nd 28th March 2021, Nigeria ] Surveillance: • 4 new confirmed cases reported for week 12, total confirmed cases stand at 1,330. • Total contacts being monitored closely – 20 • Intra/inter country border screening continues across the state.
[ 22nd April 2021, Nigeria ]  An additional 18,917 persons received their first dose of the Oxford AstraZeneca COVID 19 vaccines on Wednesday, taking the total number of vaccinated people in the country to 1,133,325.According to the update, Lagos, the epicenter of the disease in Nigeria, tops the chart with 218,174 persons already vaccinated. This is followed by Kano with 59,040 persons vaccinated, Kaduna – 58, 026, Ogun – 53,314 and the FCT with 52,348 vaccinated persons.
[ 22nd 28th March 2021, Nigeria ] Case Management: • 4 cases in self isolation, 4 at isolation centre at the end of epi week 12. • 7 patients discharged at the end of the week • Total discharges –1,284, No death reported for the week
[ 22nd 28th March 2021, Nigeria ] Risk communication/Social mobilization: • Jingles on benefit of facemask, handwashing, social distance, de stigmatization is ongoing in Kanuri, Hausa, Shuwa Arab, Fulfulde, and Baburbura on BRTV, DANDAL KURA and PEACE FM radio station sponsored by UNICEF, NORWAGIAN REFUGE COUNCIL, RESCUE INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE and Translators without border in collaboration with DFID. • National Orientation Agency conducted sensitization in mosque and churches on COVID 19 vaccine introduction is ongoing in 22 LGAs.
[ 13th March 8th April 2021,Northeast Nigeria ] Movement beyond Dikwa east to Ngala and north to Monguno   areas where humanitarian assistance is ongoing   is perceived as unsafe due to the presence of NSAGs along roads.
[ 22nd 28th March 2021, Nigeria ] Challenges: • low case detection. • Sub optimal sample collection
[ 28th Jun 2021, Yobe State ]  Child Protection Sub Working Group Needs: • Efforts are needed to trace missing children following the mass displacements in Kannama and Geidam towns in April/May. A multi sectoral needs assessment  ( MSNA )  conducted in late May indicates a high number of children still missing. About 10% of the 2,691 assessed IDP households reported cases of violence against children including child labour, forced recruitment by armed groups and sexual violence.
[ 30th March 2021 Nigeria ] Further, the number of active cases which currently stands at 10, 126, means Nigeria has recorded the lowest number of cases in over three months, a huge indicator of rapid flattening of the curve in the country. It will be recalled that the last time Nigeria saw the number of active cases drop to the lowest was on October 24, 2020, when the number of new cases stood at 40 without any COVID 19 related death.
[ June 5th   12th, 2021, Nigeria ] However, agrarian conflicts have grown by gradual degrees over the years due to encroachment on farmlands in cattle grazing and altering the stock routes where they existed earlier. From 2015, farmer herder conflicts that arose from the destruction of crops and retaliatory actions by farmers turned into a massive conflict leading to the loss of 3641 lives between 2016 and 2018. Beyond this figure, several more deaths have continued to occur in the country due to farmer herder violence. Indeed, herders have become so impetuous in recent years that they have inadvertently acquired the label of violent war mongering, the domination seeking ethnic group for the Fulani. The latter is predominant in the cattle breeding business.
[ 19th May 2021, North East, Nigeria ]  As a result of the attack, a total of 1,237 individuals from 245 households were displaced from Loskuri ward of Mafa LGA in Borno State towards the neighbouring wards Dusuman, Maimusari and Mashamari wards of Jere LGA of Borno State.
[ 22nd 28th March 2021, Nigeria ] The total number of active confirmed cases in the state is twenty three  ( 23 )   The total confirmed cases of COVID 19 amongst Health Care Workers  ( HCWs )  is nineteen  ( 19 ) . These include nine  ( 9 )  doctors, seven  ( 7 )  nurses, one  ( 1 )  physiotherapist, and two  ( 2 )  laboratory scientist  The total number of deaths from COVID 19 in the state is nine  ( 9 ) .
[ 19th May 2021, North East, Nigeria ]  On 11 May 2021, a Non State Armed Group  ( NSAG )  carried out an attack in Ngwom village, located in Loskuri ward in Mafa LGA  ( Borno State ) . This attack led to a substantial wave of population displacement. Following the attack, a rapid assessment was conducted by DTM field staff with the purpose of informing the humanitarian community and government partners, and enabling targeted response. Flash reports utilise direct observation and a broad network of key informants to gather representative data and collect information on the number, profile and immediate needs of the affected population.
[ 1st July 2021, Nigeria ] A six day scoping mission was carried out by WHO in July 2018 to understand how gender based violence was being addressed in the health response for humanitarian crisis in Northeast Nigeria as well as to understand the challenges the health care providers were facing while responding to GBV Survivors. It was seen that coverage for health service was low, lack of confidential setting for consultation and inadequate funding among others.
[ 22nd 28th March 2021 Nigeria ] Askira/Uba: 190 arrivals and 88 departures were recorded in Askira/Uba LGA of Borno State. The arrivals included 65 individuals from Askira/Uba LGAs of Borno State, 44 individuals from Mubi South, 41 individuals from Hong, 11 individuals from Song LGAs of Adamawa State and 29 individuals from Marwa region in Cameroon. The departures included 52 individuals to Gassol LGA of Taraba State, 15 individuals to Damboa LGA of Borno State, 13 individuals to Gombe LGA of Gombe State and 8 individuals to Michika LGA of Adamawa State. Thirty five per cent relocated due to fear of attack, 31 per cent relocated as a result of the improved security situation in areas of origin, 31 per cent relocated due to poor living conditions and 3 per cent relocated voluntarily.
[ 28th Jun 2021, Yobe State ]  Food Security Needs: • The Sector highlighted gaps in agricultural extension services in the state due to high turnover of government staff. Most of the experienced workers have retired and are not being replaced. The authorities noted that this is a general challenge and that efforts are ongoing to address the gap.
[ 22nd 28th March 2021 Nigeria ] ETT assessments identified the following movement triggers: voluntary relocation  ( 858 individuals or 37% ) , poor living conditions  ( 757 individuals or 33% ) , improved security  ( 434 individuals or 19% ) , fear of attack  ( 212 individuals or 9% ) , military operations  ( 48 individuals or 2% )
[ 22nd 28th March 2021, Nigeria ] Infection Prevention and Control  ( IPC ) : Yobe SMOH and SPHCMB, in collaboration with WHO and partners, has continued COVID 19 vaccination for frontline health workers. Conducted decontamination and disinfection of SSH molecular diagnostic laboratory, SSH Damaturu, and FMC Nguru Isolation centers. The SPHCMB, in collaboration with the WHO communications team, conducted motorized awareness creation campaigns in high burden LGAs of Damaturu, Bade, Potiskum, and Nguru.
[ 24th March 2021 ]  Efforts have shifted from tracking TB cases to tracing people infected with COVID 19 as manpower, equipment and budgets are reassigned, a recent investigation by WHO revealed.
[ 24th March 2021 ]  Every year, TB infects 10 million people and kills 1.5 million, more than any other infectious disease. Although COVID 19 overtook TB in 2020 as the most common cause of death from an infectious disease, tuberculosis still kills more people in low and middle income countries like Nigeria.
[ 28th Jun 2021, Yobe State ]  Health : Needs: • The Rapid Response Team  ( RRT )  headed by the state ministry of health  ( SMoH )  continues to conduct monitoring activities across LGAs to inform immediate action in the event of outbreak of water borne diseases such as AWD/cholera during the ongoing rainy season.
[ 10 July 2021, Borno and Taraba State ]  On 10 July 2021, there was a heavy rainfall in Jalingo that flooded most areas in Mayo Goi river area in Mayo Goi ward. This incident caused the river to overflow it banks thereby flooding about 355 shelters and damaging properties of residents. There is a major need of WASH, shelter repair kits and Shelter. As a preventive measure against flooding, most IDP sites need good drainage systems and the use of sand bags to channel the water flow.
[ 1st July 1st September 2020, Adamawa and Borno States ] In Adamawa, children living without a caregiver was most commonly reported in assessed settlements in Michika  ( 89% )  and Mubi South  ( 87% ) , whilst in Borno, it was particularly reported in assessed settlements in Ngala  ( 92% )  and Askira/Uba  ( 84% ) .
[ 24th March 2021 ]  In Nigeria, prevention activities were also cancelled or delayed due to COVID 19.Results from Global Fund's latest biweekly survey showed that 20 per cent of HIV and TB lab services are experiencing high disruptions as staff are being reassigned to COVID 19.
[ 6th July 2021, North East Nigeria ]  In Borno State, NSAG attacked Rann, Marte, Dikwa and Bama towns, causing widespread destructions and generalized violence, which led to the displacement of civilians to various towns in the State and neighbouring countries. More than 60 security incidents were reported. As a result, the Humanitarian Country Team  ( HCT )  temporary suspended humanitarian activities in Gujba and Yusufari in Yobe State, in addition to Dikwa and Damasak in Borno, pending an improvement in the security situation. The main supply routes of MaiduguriDamaturu, Maiduguri Mungono and Maiduguri Gajiram remained extremely volatile due to illegal vehicle checkpoints, adversely impacting delivery of humanitarian assistance to the affected communities.
[ 24th Jun 2021, Borno State ]  With the onset of the rainy season in Nigeria's conflict affected northeastern state of Borno, varying degrees of damages are expected to infrastructures  ( self made and constructed )  in camps and camp like settings. Usually, heavy rainfalls are accompanied by strong winds causing serious damage to shelters of IDPs.
[ 24th Jun 2021, Borno State ]  Between 17 and 23 June 2021, IOM's DTM programme carried out assessments to ascertain the level of damage sustained in camps and camp like settings due to heavy windstorms and rainfall. Overall, 2 camps and 1 collective settlement in the LGAs Monguno, Bama and Gwoza LGAs were assessed. The worst hit of the camps assessed was Goverment Girls Secondary School  ( GGSS )  camp in Monguno LGA where a heavy rainfall damaged 33 shelters, affecting an estimated 431 individuals.
[ 6th July 2021, North East Nigeria ]  The economic impact of COVID 19 continues to affect the displaced population, most of whom are very vulnerable. Price increases due to inflation, further pauperises the affected population, and increased dependency on humanitarian assistance. The government commenced the first phase of COVID 19 vaccination, targeting frontline workers in the region, which is a way forward in reducing the spread of the disease.
[ 5th July 2021, Adamawa state ] Housing, Land & Property Sub Working Group Needs: • There is a need to raise general awareness on housing, land and property  ( HLP )  rights with many vulnerable people facing risks of eviction and rights violation.
[ 8th April 2021,Northeast Nigeria ] WASH partners reported that the disruptions to the delivery of chlorine tablets may limit the capacity to ensure clean water access in Dikwa. Multiple KIs reported a noticeable recent decline in water quality, reporting that drinking water has been “dirty,' “milky,' or “cloudy'. WASH partners note that if supplies are not able to reach Dikwa town, chlorine tablets will likely fully deplete in the coming weeks, with no reported alternative source of water treatment locally available.
[ 8th April 2021,Northeast Nigeria ] Population in Dikwa facing water shortages through availability and access constraints While some communal water points are reportedly functional, access to water reportedly remains limited for most households, and the high demand has driven price increases at private vendors, restricting financial access for impoverished households, mainly IDPs.
[ 30th Apr 2021, Nigeria ]  Increasing insecurity in recent months in north east Nigeria and other Lake Chad Basin border areas poses additional protection challenges for children and their families, with clashes between armed elements and government forces preventing the timely delivery of lifesaving humanitarian aid to those in need.
[ 19th   25th Jun 2021, North East Nigeria ]  During the period 19   25 June 2021, 212 movements were observed at three Points of Entry in Borno State. Of the total movements recorded, 51 were incoming from Cameroon's Far North Region, while 161 were outgoing from Borno State to Cameroon‘s Far North Region.
[ 19th July 2021, Adamawa State  ] The increasing cases of acute watery diarrhea  ( AWD )  and cholera may escalate in the coming weeks and months as the rainy season gathers momentum. To prepare for this, the state government, humanitarian partners and other stakeholders are working to organize a workshop in the coming week to review and harmonize contingency plans and develop an action plan to cover existing response gaps.
[ 8th April 2021,Northeast Nigeria ] Humanitarian actors remain largely unable to access Dikwa, preventing technically trained or specialized staff from returning. Ongoing services are currently being provided by community based volunteers with limited technical capacity. Consequently, high levels of needs remain across a number of sectors, including WASH, health care, and shelter.
[ 11th May 2021, North East, Nigeria ]  In 94% of the assessed settlements, sick community members were reportedly not being separated from others.
[ 11th May 2021, North East, Nigeria ]  Fever combined with coughing was reported in the highest proportion of assessed settlements in Askira/Uba whereas fever and breathing difficulty were reported in Marte, Mafa and Damboa LGAs. While this may be due to other viruses, bacteria or change of season, careful monitoring of these LGAs may be needed to assess potential local COVID 19 outbreaks.
[ 14th July 2021, Nigeria ]  A recurring conflation in government circles of domestic food production with food security has often driven policy choices that have exacerbated an already serious situation. Following its fouryear peak in March 2021 22.95%, Nigeria's food inflation rate has been experiencing margin decrease even as food prices continue to surge. According to the Nigerian Bureau of Statistics  ( NBS ) , food inflation dropped from 22.95% to 22.72% in April 2021 and saw a further decline by 1.94% to 22.28% in May 2021. Year on year, food inflation has seen a 48.94% increase  ( from 15.04% to 22.95% ) .
[ 13th July 2021, Nigeria ] Executive Director of NPHCDA, Dr Faisal Shuaib stressed that anyone who is 18 years and above is eligible to take the COVID 19 vaccine. “This includes pregnant and lactating women. I, therefore, call on every eligible person to register and ensure that they make themselves available for vaccination on due dates'. Shuaib enjoined the media not to allow any information vacuum that mischief makers would take advantage of to further mislead innocent people.
[ 8th July 2021, Nigeria ]  It is necessary though to distinguish between religious and politically motivated violence. Much extremism is rooted in perceptions of injustice and marginalisation. [ ii ]  Situations of poverty and injustice become the seedbed in which sectarian and religious tensions can be manipulated and grow. The Global Terrorism Index report of 2013  (  p.68 )  identifies two factors closely identified with terrorist activity: political violence committed by the state and the existence of broader armed conflicts. "The link between these two factors and terrorism is so strong that less than 0.6 percent of all terrorist attacks have occurred in countries without any ongoing conflict and any form of political terror." [ iii ]  Lack of employment for educated persons in politically insecure countries heighten the risk of radicalisation of well educated persons.
[ 8th April 2021,Northeast Nigeria ] NEEDS & SERVICE PROVISION Updated as of April 8: Towards the end of March, there was a partial resumption of humanitarian assistance with the distribution of food, medical supplies, nutritional supplements, and key NFIs to populations in Dikwa town. However, the provision of aid has been largely limited to supplies either already prepositioned in Dikwa or transported by privately contracted vendors.
[ 30th Apr 2021, Nigeria ]  The situation is particularly worrisome in the Borno state where hostilities have led to the displacement of more than 65,000 people in recent months, resulting in increasing humanitarian and protection needs for boys, girls, and their families. Humanitarian hubs in Dikwa and Damasak have been deliberately attacked as have humanitarian workers while carrying out their operations which has affected the delivery of service
[ 13th July 2021, Nigeria ] “It is with the support of our mainstream media community that Nigeria has successfully vaccinated 3,938,945 eligible persons across 36 States and FCT, representing 98% utilization of the 4,024,000 doses of Oxford/AstraZeneca vaccine it received from COVAX facility in March 2021.' “This comprises of 2,534,205 people who have been vaccinated for the first dose, and 1,404,205 who have received their second dose of the vaccine.“In the course of this exercise, the country recorded 14,550 cases of mild to moderate Adverse Event Following Immunization  ( AEFI ) , with only 148 cases considered to be severe.
[ 12th July 2021, Nigeria ] Given the high transmissibility of the Delta variant and following its detection in Nigeria, NCDC urges all Nigerians to ensure strict adherence to public health and social measures in place. Proven public health and social measures such as physical distancing, frequent handwashing, and proper use of face masks, prevent infections and save lives. The COVID 19 vaccine is safe and effective and offers protection against the disease.
[ 19th July 2021, Adamawa State  ] Some 150 pregnant and lactating women  ( PLWs )  in Michika and Askira Uba LGAs were supported with counselling programmes on infant and young child feeding  ( IYCF )  practices to promote the nutritional wellbeing of children and mothers. Some 67 mothers were also trained on mother led mid upper arm circumference  ( MUAC )  during the week by IRC in the two LGAs.
[ 19th July 2021, Adamawa State  ] Protection Needs: • There is an urgent need for the scale up of GBV prevention and response services, including mental health and psychosocial support  ( MHPSS ) , particularly for adolescent girls and women across the state. • Frameworks/critical services need to be strengthened, including access to justice and legal services to support GBV survivors and to prosecute perpetrators.
[ 14th July 2021, Nigeria ]  For consumers of the middle socioeconomic class, the effects include increased patronage of lower brands, limited substitution possibilities, reduced discretionary income, and lifestyle changes. In a previous Jollof Index  ( Q3 2020 ) , we reported that higher income earners were abandoning supermarkets and neighbourhood markets for distance shopping at villages and outskirts markets for cheaper prices. Apart from the supply chain disruption caused by boycotting the township wholesalers, rural farmers may gain from this boycott as they can sell at increased margins to these cosmopolitan fellows.
[ 28th Jun 2021, Nigeria ]  In the wake of possible importation of the third wave of the COVID 19 pandemic, the Federal Government has added South Africa to the list of countries where foreign travellers coming into Nigeria have been banned. In May, the federal government had decreed that any person who has visited Brazil, India, or Turkey within 14 days preceding travel to Nigeria, shall be denied entry into Nigeria. Secretary to the Government of the Federation SGF and Chairman of the Presidential Steering Committee PSC on COVID 19, Mr Boss Mustapha disclosed this during Monday's briefing of the PSC.
[ 2nd March 2021,Northeast Nigeria ] KIs reported that IDPs have arrived from inaccessible areas of Dikwa and Marte LGAs to Dikwa town since March 2. While roughly 700 of those who arrived from Marte have since been returned to Marte LGA, the populations remaining are reportedly sleeping out in the open, and in primary schools.
[ 13th March 8th April 2021,Northeast Nigeria ] IOM reported that approximately 5,000 individuals from Dikwa have settled across various parts of Jere and Maiduguri LGAs since the March 1 2 attacks, the vast majority of whom have settled in host communities. The flow of IDPs to these areas had been steady throughout the month of March.
[ 13th March 8th April 2021,Northeast Nigeria ] KIs reported that households are having difficulty registering in Maidiguri camps and lack financial access to housing or property in Maiduguri, resulting in challenges finding viable shelter options upon arrival. In addition, stretched resources in nearby garrison towns limits the number of viable destination options.
[ 29th Mar   4th Apr 2021, Nigeria ]  Mobbar: 333 arrivals were recorded in Mobbar LGA of Borno State. All arrivals were from Diffa region in Niger. All of the movements recorded were voluntary relocation.
[ 14th July 2021, Nigeria ]  On policies that have pushed food prices up,  ( the maize import ban, border closure policy and increased energy tariffs as examples ) , the typical economist's argument that government interventions do not allow for fine tuning, making it difficult for swift changes to happen as solutions prove counterproductive holds here.
[ 11th July 2021, Lagos, Nigeria ]  Lagos State Governor, Mr Babajide Sanwo Olu, on Sunday said the state is experiencing a steep increase in the number of daily confirmed COVID 19 cases. Sanwo Olu made this known on the Update of the Coronavirus pandemic situation in the state. He said that the test positivity rate went up from 1.1 per cent at the end of June 2021 to its current rate of 6.6 per cent as at July 8.
[ 16th July 2021, Nigeria ]  Food Consumption Score  ( FCS ) : The findings from the FMS showed concerning food consumption deficits and limited diversity of diets in the inaccessible areas surveyed. More than one in every two households  ( 56 percent )  did not have sufficient food intake  ( poor + borderline food consumption )  in the last 30 days spent in their inaccessible places of origin, with 34 percent of such households reporting severe food consumption deficit
[ 4th Aug 2021, Nigeria ]  In collaboration with the Primary Health Care Agency, we are providing access to antenatal care for women living in camps and communities in Yola, Adamawa state.
[ 4th Aug 2021, Nigeria ] In order to ensure proper care for expectant women and nursing mothers, the ICRC has trained local midwives to identify, mobilize and refer women to facilities where they can access healthcare. These referrals allow for proper antenatal care, safer deliveries and routine immunization of babies. This has seen enhanced health of both mothers and infants. We have been supporting health centres in Yola since 2015.
[ 4th Aug 2021, Nigeria ]  Health care services are critical for expectant mothers and nursing mothers. Access to health facilities has remained a challenge for people affected by armed conflict, particularly for displaced persons, who oftentimes resort to giving birth at home with the help of local midwives known in Hausa as Ungozoma.
[ 16th Mar 2021,North east Nigeria ] Host Communities: Poor access to health services is costing lives: many children die because of preventable diseases like malaria, acute watery diarrhoea, measles, and cholera.
[ 28th Jun 2021, Yobe State ]  Gaps: Limited telecommunication network coverage in Geidam LGA is impacting efforts by humanitarian partners to remotely follow up and monitor the situation of households returning to communities across Geidam town where about 150,000 people were displaced in late April. Most areas in Geidam and Yunusari LGAs are still inaccessible to UN and INGO staff due to ongoing insecurity.
[ 14th July 2021, Nigeria ]  The prices of local rice, beans, yam, tomatoes, garri, amongst others, recorded significant increases as well. The price of a 25 litre gallon of palm oil increased by 36.1% from the N13,500 recorded in May 2021 to an average of N18,375. A big bag of white beans now sells for an average of N66,750 compared to an average of N50,000 at the start of the month, while brown beans currently sell for an average of N73,750. However, a big basket of potatoes recorded a 6.1% decline in price to sell for an average of N16,667.
[ 28th Jun 2021, Yobe State ]  Response: • Plan International conducted a five day refresher training for 50 health workers from Damaturu, Bursari, Yusufari, Fune and Nguru LGAs on adolescent sexual reproductive health  ( ASRH )  to ensure the delivery of appropriate and quality healthcare services for adolescents
[ 1st July 1st September 2020, Adamawa and Borno States ] In 76% of all the assessed settlements accross both states, most people were reportedly getting their food from their own cultivation  ( see Figure 8 ) . However, in some LGAs in Borno, the most commonly reported food source for most people in assessed settlements was foraging, namely in Bama  ( 58% )  and Gwoza  ( 35% ) .
[ 1st July 1st September 2020, Adamawa and Borno States ] The relatively high proportion of assessed settlements in Konduga and Kukawa with reported market access suggests that people from H2R areas in those LGAs could move between garrison towns where there are markets and H2R settlements. IDI participants highlighted that conflict related attacks often resulted in blockage of roads normally used for trading, reducing access to markets for the majority of the settlements.
[ 1st July 1st September 2020, Adamawa and Borno States ] Across all LGAs in both states, in at least 30% of assessed settlements, people were reportedly eating wild food that is not normally part of their diet  ( 66% overall ) . In Adamawa, the highest proportion of assessed settlements reporting people eating wild foods was in Mubi South  ( 74% ) . In Borno, the highest proportions were in Ngala  ( 92% ) , Gwoza  ( 91% ) , Marte  ( 91% ) , Dikwa  ( 89% ) , Abadam  ( 84% )  and Damboa  ( 84% ) .
[ 1st July 1st September 2020, Adamawa and Borno States ] KIs in 88% of the assessed settlements reported that people have no access to functional healthcare services. Access to functional healthcare services that people could reach within one day of travelling was reported to be limited in all LGAs of Borno, while access appeared to be better in some LGAs of Adamawa  ( 5% and 31% of assessed settlements overall, respectively ) .
[ 1st July 1st September 2020, Adamawa and Borno States ] In Adamawa, while KIs from less than 15% of assessed settlements in Mubi North and Mubi South reported access to healthcare, healthcare was reportedly accessible in a much higher proportion in Michika and Madagali  ( 43% and 32%, respectively ) . In Borno, only in a small proportion of assessed settlements, healthcare services were available in Askira/Uba  ( 17% ) , Dikwa  ( 11% ) , Konduga  ( 11% )  and Ngala  ( 8% ) , while in the remaining LGAs, they were reportedly available in less than 5% of assessed settlements.
[ 16th Apr 2021, Nigeria ]  Inflation rose from to 18.17 last month from 17.33 per in February, the National Bureau of Statistics  ( NBS )  Report has said. The Report said the percentage rise was 0.82 higher. It said: “The consumer price index,  ( CPI )  which measures inflation increased by 18.17 percent  ( year on year )  in March 2021. This is 0.82 percent points higher than the rate recorded in February 2021 ( 17.33 per cent ) .
[ 1st July 1st September 2020, Adamawa and Borno States ] In 67% of the assessed settlements, the primary caretaker of sick persons was reported to be the mother. The father was also reported to act as the primary caregiver for the sick in at least 10% of assessed settlements in Abadam, Askira/Uba, Bama, Dikwa, Gubio, Kukawa, Madagali, Magumeri and Michika. In the event of a local outbreak, primary caregivers would be at a high risk of contracting the illnesses themselves, suggesting that in many areas women may be at higher risk.
[ 1st July 1st September 2020, Adamawa and Borno States ] In 72% of the assessed settlements, the main water sources for most people in the settlement were found to be unimproved sources. Indicative of limited access to clean water, in Adamawa, the main water source for most people was reported to be the river in nearly half of the assessed settlements  ( 45% ) , followed by unprotected wells  ( 24% ) . By contrast, in Borno, unprotected wells was the most commonly reported main source of water  ( 48% ) , followed by river  ( 25% ) . Probably suggestive of better access to clean water in some LGAs of Borno, protected wells were reported as the main water source in some assessed settlements in Abadam  ( 19% ) , Damboa  ( 16% ) , Gubio  ( 15% ) , Ngala  ( 15% )  and Askira/ Uba  ( 12% ) , as well as in Madagali  ( 28% )  in Adamawa, and boreholes were reported as the main water source in some assessed settlements in Konduga  ( 11% )  and Magumeri  ( 11% ) .
[ 28th Jun 2021, Yobe State ]  Following the reports of AWD cases in Gadine community, Bursari LGA, which climbed to 24 including four fatalities as of 15 June, government and partners led by the Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Agency  ( RUWASA )  and UNICEF rolled out response activities reaching some 454 households  ( 2,094 people ) . Vital WASH supplies including soaps and aqua tabs were distributed across vulnerable households who were also reached with messaging on positive hygiene practices. Limited availability of clean water sources/infrastructure and the dilapidated condition of the only functional health facility in Gadine community are among key concerns for increasing the risk of water borne diseases.
[ 1st July 1st September 2020, Adamawa and Borno States ] The LGAs with the highest proportion of assessed settlements where it was reported that an unimproved water source was the main source seems to align with the LGAs with a higher proportion of assessed settlements where KIs reported that waterborne illnesses were the main health problem, such as Dikwa and Marte.
[ 1st July 1st September 2020, Adamawa and Borno States ] In 44% of the assessed settlements, KIs reported that it took less than 30 minutes to collect water from their main water sources. In 32% of the assessed settlements, KIs reported that it took between 30 minutes and 1 hour to collect water from their main water sources. However, in some locations, collecting water reportedly took between one hour and half a day. The highest proportions of assessed settlements where this was reported were in Mubi South  ( 35% ) , Kukawa  ( 19% )  and Marte  ( 18% ) .
[ 1st July 1st September 2020, Adamawa and Borno States ] Spending more time collecting water suggests that households have limited access to water, which may negatively impact their ability to engage in hand washing practices to prevent the spread of diseases, including COVID 19. Additionally, given the high levels of insecurity, especially in Borno State, longer travel periods for water collection may put individuals at greater risk of security and protection concern.
[ 1st July 1st September 2020, Adamawa and Borno States ] In 58% of the assessed settlements, some community members were reportedly using latrines in the month prior to data collection. In Adamawa, KIs from the majority of assessed settlements reportedly used latrines  ( 75% overall ) , while in Borno, latrines were reportedly used in half of the assessed settlements  ( 51% overall ) .In Borno, latrine use was reportedly highest in assessed settlements in Damboa  ( 93% ) , Askira/Uba  ( 83% )  and Bama  ( 76% ) , and was particularly low in assesed settlements in LGAs considered fully inaccessible, namely Abadam  ( 24% ) , Marte  ( 27% )  and Kukawa  ( 31% ) . However, reporting on latrine use was also particularly low in Gubio  ( 24% ) , Magumeri  ( 29% )  and Konduga  ( 32% ) .
[ 1st July 1st September 2020, Adamawa and Borno States ] Of settlements in which some people were reportedly not using latrines  ( 42% ) : In 44% of assessed settlements, the main reason given for people not using latrines was that there were none available. Exceptionally, in Bama and Dikwa, KIs reported that latrines were damaged or destroyed by conflict in 33% and 54% of assessed settlements, respectively.
[ 1st July 1st September 2020, Adamawa and Borno States ] In 67% of the assessed settlements, KIs reported that most people in the settlement only wash their hands with water. Given the spread of the COVID 19 virus, the use of water only will not only facilitate the proliferation of waterborne diseases, but could also increase settlements' vulnerability to the COVID 19 pandemic, particularly in places with limited access to healthcare services. Soap was only reported to be used in a small proportion of settlements in Abadam  ( 32% ) , Askira/Uba  ( 16% ) , Damboa  ( 13% ) , Gubio  ( 12% ) , Konduga  ( 16% ) , Kukawa  ( 43% ) , Madagali  ( 19% )  and Michika  ( 11% ) .
[ 1st July 1st September 2020, Adamawa and Borno States ] KIs in 67% of the assessed settlements reported that the permanent homes and makeshift homes were located within the boundaries of the settlements. However, in some Borno LGAs, most community members were reported to be living in the bush, away from their original homes  ( 32% in Abadam, 24% in Askira/Uba, 42% in Bama, 14% in Dikwa, 60% in Gwoza, 16% in Konduga, 12% in Kukawa, 13% in Magumeri and 27% in Marte ) , as well as in some Adamawa LGAs  ( 15% in Madagali and 13% in Mubi South ) .
[ 1st July 1st September 2020, Adamawa and Borno States ] KIs in 71% of the assessed settlements reported that 71% people did not have access to education services. Access to any education services that people could walk to was found to be more limited in Adamawa than in Borno  ( overall 14% compared to 35%, respectively ) , especially, in Madagali  ( 13% ) , Michika  ( 11% )  and Mubi South  ( 9% ) . Nonetheless, education services were also reported to be particularly limited in Abadam  ( 16% )  and Askira/Uba  ( 14% )  in Borno. In contrast, in Gwoza, access was reported in 75% of assessed settlements. It should be noted that this indicator includes both formal and informal education.
[ 28th Jun 2021, Nigeria ]   “The Global Fund is funding the repair of 30 non operational plants, and shall in addition build 12 new oxygen plants, to be so spatially located across Nigeria, as set on the map of Nigeria, in such a way that gaps in supply are filled and health facilities in Nigeria are able to access oxygen less 100km from an oxygen plant.