nlp-thedeep/humsetbias huggingface dataset:
Les hommes sont relativement plus occupés que les femmes en proportion de la main d'œuvre de chaque catégorie  ( 77% pour les hommes seulement 65% pour les femmes en 2018 ) .
Les artistes dans notre sous région et les professionnels créatifs figurent parmi les plus touchés par la crise du fait de la fragilité du secteur, composé en majorité de travailleurs indépendants et de petites et moyennes entreprises et inscrits dans l'économie informelle ou l'économie « des petits boulots ».
Environ 5500 personnes, ainsi que le bétail et les cultures, étaient déjà touchés au début des inondations en août dans le département de Mayo Danay  ( OCHA août 2020 ) , et on estime à 28 000 le nombre de personnes qui devraient être touchées  ( UNITAR 11 septembre 2020 ) , y compris des pertes importantes de cultures, de bétail et de biens.
La propagation de cette pandémie pose un défi énorme au système de santé camerounais, comme la plupart des systèmes africains, dont la capacité reste limitée.
Toutefois, pour des raisons économiques, le 30 avril, le gouvernement camerounais a assoupli les mesures restrictives de lutte contre l'épidémie, rouvrant notamment les bars après 18 heures et levant les limitations sur le nombre de passagers dans les transports en commun.
Cependant, grâce à la résilience du secteur non pétrolier et à l'accélération des projets de construction liés à la CAN, la croissance du PIB réel a atteint 4,1 % en 2018 et 4,0 % en 2019 selon les estimations du Ministère de l'Economie.
Plus la fermeture des établissements scolaires dure, plus cela a un impact sur les enfants d'une manière générale, mais en particulier sur les plus vulnérables, et surtout les jeunes filles, qui verront leur chance de retour dans le système éducatif s'amenuiser considérablement.
L'interruption de l'enseignement en classe a de graves conséquences sur les capacités d'apprentissage des enfants et la qualité de l'éducation.
Les villes de Yaoundé et Douala ont un taux de pauvreté inférieur à la moyenne urbaine.
Toutefois, il est important de noter qu'en 2018, la prévalence du VIH/sida chez les femmes  ( 3,4 % )  est supérieure à la moyenne nationale pour la population âgée de 15 à 49 ans.
Mais dans le cadre du programme mis en place avec le FMI après le choc pétrolier qui a affecté les recettes publiques, l'assainissement budgétaire et la discipline avec la rationalisation des dépenses publiques ont permis de réduire le déficit budgétaire global à 2,9 % du PIB en 2019 et en prévision à 1,6 % du PIB en 2020.
En effet, le 17 mars 2020, le Premier ministre Chef du Gouvernement du Cameroun a communiqué 13 mesures à mettre en œuvre pour lutter contre la propagation du COVID 19.
L'écart entre contextes urbains et ruraux est important : le taux de pauvreté est de 8,9 % dans les zones urbaines et de 56,8 % dans les zones rurales.
Le secteur informel camerounais a considérablement gagné du terrain dans le marché du travail, et occupe une place importante dans la création des emplois. Sa taille s'est stabilisée autour de 88,7% des emplois entre 2005 et 2014.
Le secteur industriel pour sa part intervient de façon relativement faible dans les emplois créés au Cameroun  ( moins de 10% )  au moment où les services fournissent une part non négligeable de 28% en moyenne ces dernières années  ( WBI 2020 ) .
L'analyse de la répartition des emplois créés selon les grands groupes de secteurs, nous révèle une forte prédominance structurelle de l'agriculture  ( au moins 60% des emplois totaux créés au cours de la décennie 2009 2018 ) .
Les niveaux élevés de taux d'emplois au Cameroun traduisent une certaine vitalité de l'économie camerounaise en dépit du fait que la majorité des employés sont occupés dans le secteur informel.
Le ratio de la dette publique au PIB du Cameroun, qui était passé de 52 % avant l'achèvement du processus PPTE à 10 % en 2008, est passé à 28 % du PIB à la fin de 2015.
L'inflation reste faible, mais tend à augmenter légèrement ces 3 dernières années en passant de 1,1 % en 2018 à 2,1 % en 2019 et projeté à 2,2% en 2020. Toutefois, le niveau de l'inflation reste en dessous du seuil de convergence régionale fixé à 3 %.
In Mutengene  ( Fako division ) , from 2nd – 4th of September 2020, 40 health workers received a joint training on SAM Management and COVID 19 specific modules on nutrition.
An additional 2.3 million people were estimated to be in need of humanitarian assistance due to the impact of COVID  19, bringing the total number of people in need from 3.9 million prior to the COVID 19 outbreak to 6.2 million.
Les ménages pauvres  ( y compris les réfugiés et les personnes déplacées )  des villes de Yaoundé et de Douala qui ont perdu leur emploi et leurs revenus quotidiens et donc leur pouvoir d'achat en raison de la pandémie continueront probablement à connaître une insécurité alimentaire aiguë en situation de Stress  ( Phase 2 de l'IPC )  car les prix des aliments de base sont restés élevés atypique malgré la nouvelle récolte en raison de la rupture des chaînes d'approvisionnement causée par la pandémie COVID 19
Les ménages pauvres dans les régions du Nord Ouest et du Sud  Ouest continueront à subir des conditions de sécurité alimentaire aiguës en Stress  ( Phase 2 de l'IPC ) , et certains ménages verront leur situation s'améliorer jusqu'à devenir Minimale  ( Phase 1 de l'IPC ) .
La fermeture des frontières à Ekok et Idenau en raison du conflit en cours et de la pandémie COVID 19 continuera à maintenir le commerce transfrontalier en dessous de la moyenne.
Des mises à jour récentes du HCR  ( au 31 juillet 2020 )  font état d'environ 679 393 personnes déplacées du Nord Ouest et du Sud Ouest.
Selon le rapport de l'OIM DTM du 17 août 2020, les récentes attaques ont provoqué le déplacement de 225 ménages à Kolofata, dans le Mayo Sava.
Cependant, bien que certains secteurs bénéficient déjà de certaines exonérations fiscales et subventions  ( secteur des cosmétiques et des oléagineux )  dans le cadre de la stratégie de réponse du gouvernement contre la COVID 19, le climat des affaires et l'économie sont loin de fonctionner à un niveau normal
En outre, des mesures ont été mises en place pour apporter un soutien économique aux secteurs des transports, de l'hôtellerie et de la restauration et du commerce, qui, en plus du secteur informel, sont considérés comme les plus touchés par la pandémie, selon une étude réalisée en avril et mai 2020 par l'Institut National de la Statistique et les Nations Unies pour évaluer les impacts socio économiques de COVID 19 au Cameroun.
In March, UNICEF adopted an integrated COVID 19 strategy to ensure that lifesaving and protection interventions are sustained whilst managing the pandemic response.
UNICEF held 2 workshops with 40 participants  ( mayors, head of health facilities and civil state secretaries )  for the establishment of advanced civil status posts in health facilities in the Adamawa and East regions.
More poor households are expected to turn to selling livestock as an alternative to food stocks as the lean season progresses.
3 millions de personnes en insécurité alimentaire dont 198 000 en insécurité alimentaire sévère
The prices of some staple foods such as plantain, banana, cocoyam and fish are 10 percent higher than the seasonal average, with further upward pressure exerted on prices by speculative practices and artificial shortages created by some wholesalers.
Poor households will deplete their food stocks during the lean season as normal and will begin purchasing food at markets. As their purchasing power declines and prices rise, their access to food will worsen.
Poor households make up 5.4 percent and 4.2 percent of the populations of Yaoundé and Douala respectively. These households are dependent on the informal sector, small scale trade and paid employment for their income
The continued decline in purchasing power will lead to an increase in the use of wild food and the sale of livestock as coping strategies in light of this worsening access to food. Although poor households and IDPs represent less than 20 percent of the population, they will remain in Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  between June and August.
Some rural parts of the Donga Mantung, Momo and Lebialem departments have received no supplies of marine fish for over a year.
In addition, the spread of the virus will further expose those people who are Stressed  ( IPC Phase 2 ) : urban refugees, people internally displaced by the crisis in the English speaking regions, and the population living below the poverty line in Yaoundé  ( 5.4 percent )  and Douala  ( 4.2 percent ) .
Although the Government has eased some measures  ( curfew, travel restrictions and gatherings ) , fear of contracting the virus, social distancing measures and border closures are still slowing the cities' economies and adversely affecting the livelihoods of poor households by depressing demand for small scale trade and labor. As a result, these households are at risk of becoming Stressed  ( IPC Phase 2 ) .
Approximately 7,780 people became displaced following the attacks in the Kolofata and Mora districts in March and April 2020. Attacks involving the looting of food have been a frequent occurrence in the Logone et Chari, Mayo Sava and Mayo Tsanaga departments.
There have been 178 incidents and 299 deaths since January 2020, compared with 88 incidents and 154 deaths in the same period in 2019.
Agricultural activity was heavily disrupted by heightened tensions and an increase in the number of “dead town' days between February and May following the local and legislative elections, and during the Youth Day, Unity Day and other official celebrations.
In urban centers, most unemployed people, those in informal employment and the self  employed have lost their main sources of income due to a slowdown in commercial activities, job losses and lower demand
An increase in HFA distribution will help to improve access to food for communities affected by the COVID 19 pandemic, especially IDPs and refugees in Yaoundé and Douala.
L'arrondissement de Zina est accessible en saison de pluie uniquement par la voie fluviale grâce à des pirogues motorisées. En saison sèche la majorité des villages de Zina est desservie par la route  ( 4 et 2 roues )
La proportion la plus importante des voyageurs interrogés exerçaient dans le domaine de la logistique et du transport  ( 36% )  , tandis que 30 pour cent étaient des commerçants, ces résultats démontrent l'importance de l'échange commerciale et du fret entre le Cameroun et le Tchad en cette période de COVID 19, où la circulation entre ces deux pays est uniquement autorisée pour les activités de fret des marchandises.
La collecte des données faite entre juillet et septembre, pendant 78 jours à permis de comptabiliser 36 110 personnes, soit une moyenne journalière de 463 individus aux 4 points d'observation FMP de la ville de Kousseri.
Le CICR a vacciné 483,212 ruminants dans les départements du Mayo Sava, Mayo Tsanaga et Logone et Chari. Outre l'appui en semences et autres intrants et dans l'objectif d'assurer la redevabilité, le CICR a formé 30 leaders communautaires aux bonnes pratiques du processus d'assistance agricole  ( comité d'écoutes, des plaintes etc. ) .
La situation devrait s'aggraver en raison de la pression exercée sur le système de santé affaibli et la diminution des stratégies d'adaptation.
In the Far North region, poor households and IDPs are steadily depleting their food stocks during the lean season, which begins in June and ends with the new harvests in September. The current growing season is progressing as normal, with planting commencing on time on June 17.
Les prix du maïs, des haricots et des pommes de terre ont légèrement diminué  ( en moyenne <7% )  par rapport aux mois de soudure, à l'exception des prix du riz importé qui restent 30% plus élevés que les années sans conﬂit.
Faisant suite à l'évaluation multisectorielle conduite auprès des populations retournées à Gorétal Goutoum,  ( arrondissement de Hile Alifa – département du Logone et Chari )  du 11 au 13 juillet 2020, l'équipe du mécanisme de réponse rapide  ( RRM )   Première Urgence a répondu aux besoins immédiats des familles les plus vulnérables. 98 d'entre elles  ( 674 personnes )  ont ainsi reçu chacune des kit « abri »  ( bâches, cordes ... ) , un lot de biens de premières nécessité  ( seaux, bassines, nattes, pagnes, savons, bidons, etc ) , et un kit « hygiène/dignité » délivré spécifiquement pour les femmes. La distribution a été exécutée le 8 août, malgré le très mauvais état des voies d'accès et malgré les réticences des autorités à autoriser les appuis matériels dans un contexte sécuritaire toujours très fragile.
Risk Communication and Community Engagement : UNICEF is increasing its RCCE response, which represents one of the most integrated and systematic interventions in the country involving a wide array of partners, strategies, channels, medias and tools. During the reporting period, a total of 1,118,964 people reached through house to house visits, health facility awareness sessions, community meetings, SMS messages, mosque announcements, sound truck announcement.
In Somaliland, the Somaliland National COVID  19 Prevention Committee issued on 22 March a series of new instructions including mandatory use of face masks, social distancing, as well as the closure of sports facilities and school closures from 13 April to 3 July, 2021.
Health: IOM and the Ministry of Health  ( MoH )  continued to screen for COVID 19 symptoms and to conduct awareness sessions about COVID 19 preventive measures in 38 facilities.
WATER, SANITATION & HYGIENE  ( WASH ) : IOM continued its community mobilization and sensitization sessions on good community hygiene and sanitation practices to IDP communities. During the reporting period, IOM rolled out activities in Bossaso targeting stranded migrants and host communities.
Disengagement, Disassociation, Reintegration and Reconciliation  ( DDRR )  :IOM works with marginalized youth at risk in Countering/Preventing Violent Extremism  ( C/PVE )  and social cohesion, and supports the Federal Government of Somalia's National Programme for the Treatment and Handling of Disengaged Combatants.
A total of 11,612 of under five children and 4,341 PLW were provided TSFP and MCHN service in Lower Shabelle region
In order to prevent disease outbreaks and help affected communities in a quick and effective manner, the Central Emergency Response Fund  ( CERF )  of the United Nations  ( UN )  provided key support to the World Health Organization  ( WHO ) , and other UN agencies, to roll out a three month project, titled the ‘Anticipatory Action Plan' in 12 pre identified districts. This project aimed to prevent the risks of preventable morbidity associated with flooding; strengthen early warning and rapid response to public health emergencies; and enhance the capacity of health care workers to respond to health emergencies.
UNICEF continued to support water infrastructure in IDP settlements in Kaxda and Daynile districts in Banadir region; providing an additional 34,242 people access to water through pipe extension and water points.An additional eight shallow wells rehabilitated in Adaado, Dhusamareeb, and Abudwaq districts in Galgadud region reached 3,200 people. In total 37,442 people have access to safe water.
Infection Prevention and Control  ( IPC )  and WASH : UNICEF's response with critical WASH services continues to reach vulnerable people in Somalia. During the reporting period, 101,231 people were reached with WASH services. These included 41,626 people reached with hygiene kits in Mudug, Middle Shabelle, Hiraan and Bay regions. An additional 1,984 women and adolescent girls received Menstrual Hygiene Management kits.
EMERGENCY FLOOD RESPONSE: In the months of May and June 2020, IOM conducted a rapid needs assessment in Doolow to identify households that were affected by floods. In the assessment, 500 households in need of non food items  ( NFIs )  were identified, following the shelter cluster vulnerability profiles. After finalizing the assessment, IOM distributed 500 NFI kits to the flood affected communities in Doolow. These standard NFI kits included a plastic sheet, blanket, sleeping mat, mosquito net, jerrycan and kitchen set.
HUMANITARIAN RESPONSE: Following an Acute Watery Diarrhoa  ( AWD )  outbreak in Kabasa IDP site in Doolow, hygiene promotion awareness  raising sessions were conducted along with the chlorination of all water sources and household water treatment.
The CERF supported Anticipatory Action Plan project aimed to address priorities identified in the assessments conducted by the Health Cluster and humanitarian partners on the floods that occurred early in 2020, and the Somalia Flood Response Plan  ( issued in June 2020 ) . The project activated the community based disease surveillance system in high risk districts in Galmudug, Hirshabelle, Jubaland, Puntland and SouthWest States.
IED explosions and Al Shabaab violence have also caused children and families to migrate away from urban centres. As of December 2019, there were2.6 millioninternally displaced people  ( IDPs )  in Somalia, two thirds of which caused by conflict, violence, droughts and floods, and fear of child recruitment to Al Shabaab.
Health: IOM delivers and promotes accessible, equitable and comprehensive, preventive and curative health programmes which contributes towards the physical, mental and social well being of migrants, enabling them and host communities to achieve social and economic development. IOM aims to deliver basic health care services for migrants and mobile populations who face many obstacles in accessing essential health care services due to the recurrent drought and continuous conflict.
CLINICAL MENTORSHIP : With the clinical mentorship programme, IOM contributes to improved HIV and tuberculosis  ( TB )  service provision in Somalia. In June, IOM facilitated more than 60 virtual online sessions on clinical mentorship to 21 national mentors across the country. In these online sessions, the national mentors and three international consultants discussed and reviewed the provision of support to HIV and TB patients in the different clinics in Somalia. All aspects of the cases were analyzed, including patient's clinical presentation, the physical examination, diagnostic tests, clinical reasoning and determining the clinical management plan. The virtual trainings have been very successful and equipped the national mentors to cascade the clinical mentorship to other clinicians and nurses in their respective hospitals.
SOCIAL COHESION : IOM started online sessions for staff of community based organizations that IOM is partnering with, as well as for IOM staff, to introduce elements and indicators of social cohesion for staff working at the reintegration centres. The aim is to increase awareness around topics touching upon identity and belonging; trust and understanding; empathy; acceptance and tolerance; forgiveness and reconciliation, important elements for social reintegration and collective psychosocial wellbeing of Somali communities. The online sessions also discuss the importance of Somali cultural and artistic practices that can be used to bring community members together and create a safe space for dialogue, healing and reconciliation. The discussions and information from the sessions are used to plan for and develop culturally sensitive social cohesion activities for future implementation.
ACCESS TO INFORMATION: Access to information is particularly important for internally displaced communities during the COVID 19 pandemic in order to stay connected and to receive information from service providers that are operating in the IDP sites. In preparation for a potential lockdown that will limit the access of CCCM's staff to the IDP sites, CCCM distributed solar panel chargers to IDP site leaders in Baidoa, Doolow and Kismayo, so that they may keep their phones charged, to enable a continued channel for communication between IOM and the communities it supports.
Access to Continuous Education and Child Protection Services : Since the COVID 19 pandemic disrupted regular learning in March, 114,816  ( 59,387 girls )  children have benefited from alternative learning methods through UNICEF supported radio, TV and other digital learning platforms.
DISPLACEMENT TRACKING MATRIX  ( DTM ) : IOM continues to raise awareness among migrants crossing the border at seven Flow Monitoring Points  ( FMPs ) . During the reporting period, 6,664 people entering and exiting Somalia were reached. COVID 19 information was shared with 2,926 individuals  ( 44% of individuals reached )  who reported to be unaware of the COVID 19 situation.
Planning continues for the resumption of polio immunization campaigns, which were paused across the country in light of the ongoing COVID 19 outbreak. From 30 August to 1 September, an integrated polio and measles campaign went ahead at fixed and outreach sites, aiming to boost the immunity of 400,000 under fives. The campaign delivered vitamin A and deworming medication alongside vaccines.
One case of circulating vaccine derived poliovirus type 2  ( cVDPV2 )  was reported this week, with date of onset on 18 July 2020.
in Somalia, evictions represent a constant risk for vulnerable communities, including displaced populations living in collective settlements and other urban poor in densely populated areas.
189 dignity kits were provided to GBV risk and survivors in Mogadishu IDP and Lower Shabelle Region IDPs..
13 health facilities establish a hand washing station outside the Health sites and equipped with Temp check stations.
Through the community health workers, the project was able to reach the community members and provided the services to their doorstep, this has led to decreased in AWD/cholera related disease reported high before the initiation of the project.
SOYDA conducted internally displaced persons IDPs community awareness sessions through informing about COVID 19 risks, prevention, and seeking behavioral change of COVID 19 and good hygiene practice. We also provided face masks and hand sanitizers of the high vulnerability of older people and people with underlying health conditions to COVID 19.
Even though floodwaters are reported to have receded and 40 percent of the 86,900 internally displaced persons  ( IDPs )  in Middle Shabelle have returned to the homes, Balcad District still hosts the largest number of this group. New displacements and further disruption to livelihoods are expected as foreseen moderate to heavy rainfall in the Ethiopian highlands is likely to raise Shabelle River levels over the coming weeks, likely resulting in additional flooding in the middle and lower reaches of the Shabelle. Of particular concern is Jowhar town and its environs in Middle Shabelle, where the river level is near full crest, and other riverine towns in the Lower Shabelle region.
SOYDA conducted community education committee members training in school management, child protection and school safety
Thus far, an estimated 132,000 hectares  ( ha )  of agricultural land and 294 villages along the Shabelle River have been affected by the Hagaa floods. Almost 250,000 people have been affected, of whom 125,000 have been displaced.The floods temporarily displaced households to higher ground in several flood prone areas, including in Beletweyne and Jalalaqsi districts  ( Hiraan ) , Balcad and Jowhar districts  ( Middle Shabelle ) , and Afgooye district  ( Lower Shabelle ) .
Provision of Healthcare and Nutrition Services: UNICEF COVID 19 supported health facilities recorded 446 suspected COVID 19 patients and community health workers reported 226 suspected cases. Whereas, the overall health facility cases decreased by 19 and the community cases by 20 percent compared to the previous reporting period, supported health centers in Somaliland documented a 55 percent increase in suspected adult COVID 19 cases.
Three decades of civil war and instability have weakened Somalia's health system and contributed to it having some of the lowest health indicators in the world. The situation varies from region to region but between 26 70% of Somalia's 15 million people live in poverty and an estimated 2.6 million people have been internally displace.
COVID 19: In Doolow, Baidoa and Kismayo, IOM continued awareness raising campaigns on COVID 19 prevention. IOM translated and distributed COVID 19 awareness and prevention posters, shared messages through mass communication sessions and handwashing stations were constructed at strategic locations.
Water, Sanitation and Hygiene  ( WASH ) : Adequate access to water, sanitation and hygiene  ( WASH )  is essential to prevent dehydration and reduce the risk of water related diseases such as diarrhoea, cholera and other potential outbreaks. IOM Somalia WASH emergency programmes focuses on the immediate provision of WASH services to affected populations across Somalia. These interventions are among the highest priorities following the onset of any crisis, natural disaster or complex situation.
The work of WHO funded by CERF under the Anticipatory Action Plan framework aims at instituting early interventions for any impending health threat, such as disease outbreak, particularly in situations where data can reliably warn of a rapidly evolving or emerging health crisis and where a speedy and early response can make a big difference in preventing avoidable deaths and saving lives. WHO will continuously assess and monitor the impact of its early interventions in averting major disease outbreaks from preventable diseases such as cholera and measles through its ongoing work in capacitating health care workers for disease detection, prevention and control.
Af fected people in Banadir need urgent assistance, particularly food, emergency shelter, non food items, mosquito nets and safe drinking water.
Provided Food basket 1192 school children at Merka district of lower shabelle region.
On GBV responses, 307 cases were provided STI treatment, basic emotional support and psychosocial support.
In Bossaso, IOM provided support to the Department of Social Affairs of the Mayor's office to increase the capacity of the local government and finalized the rehabilitation of offices. The office spaces will be used to arrange regular community meetings, bringing together different socio economic groups.
Labour Mobility and Human Development  ( LHD ) : IOM promotes pathways of labour migration, enhancing coordination for diaspora engagement, strengthening institutional capacity and, mitigating the drivers of irregular migration.
Migrant Protection and Assistance  ( MPA ) : IOM provides technical expertise in areas of migration policy, administrative and operational practices, procedures for countering human trafficking and smuggling, and direct assistance to migrants.
Immigration and Border Management  ( IBM ) : IOM supports the Government of Somalia in promoting safe and orderly migration, securing borders and building the capacity of immigration officials.
COVID 19: With a spike globally in gender based violence  ( GBV )  due to COVID 19, and the need for prevention and protection, IOM provided a training for female social workers on GBV guidance to prepare them for remote case management, safety screening and referral as needed.
Simultaneously, these regions  [ The central and southern regions of Somalia  ]  host the largest proportion of internally displaced persons  ( IDPs ) ; an estimated 1.4 million of the approximately 2.6 million IDPs in Somalia reside in this part of the country. The majority of IDPs settle in camps located around large urban centres. Security and logistical constraints limit the data available on population needs in these territories.
This year, seasonal Hagaa rains have been heavier than average, triggering widespread flooding and destruction of homes and crops.
UNICEF is actively participating in the coordination meetings led by the Ministry of Health with support from WHO, such as the UN COVID 19 Taskforce while co leading the RCCE Taskforce.
A total of 613 children  ( 87 per cent boys )  were supported with CAAFAG  ( Children Associated with Armed Forces and Armed Groups )  reintegration services.
Several factors contribute to acute food insecurity among IDPs, including low ownership of productive assets. In November, 88 95 percent of IDP households reported they did not have access to farming inputs or tools for casual labor such as donkey carts or wheelbarrows, and most no longer have access to land or livestock.
A trend in violent attacks on humanitarian agencies has had indirect impacts upon the lives of children in Somalia.Incidents increased by 100%from 2017 to 2018, and50 incidentsof denial of humanitarian access were identified in 2019 alone, of which almost half were attributed to Al Shabaab. Additionally, the use ofIEDsin these attacks has increased. The use of explosives attacking personnel and facilities prevents thedistributionof humanitarian aid, and the CFR has argued that such violent attacks exacerbate the ongoing famine.
According to the UN, Al Shabaab remains the main threat to security and stability in Somalia today. The group exerts effective control over large parts of rural areas in southern and central Somalia. Al Shabaab has resorted to largely asymmetrical means of warfare, such as suicide attacks and the use of improvised explosive devices  ( IEDs ) . Its presence has exacerbated unrest in Somalia and represents a specific threat to children, between 2016 and 2019 Al Shabaab committed 10,462 grave violations against children. During the same period2,916 children were killed or maimed in armed violence in Somalia. In 2019 alone, some 222 children were killed and 481 were maimeddue to armed conflict in Somalia, the majority of which were perpetrated by Al Shabaab.
The UN has also identified civilian deaths and casualties perpetrated by national and regional forces such as the Somali National Army, often at times of crossfire with militant groups. For instance, two boys aged approximately 15 years old were killed at a farm by the Somali National Army during a security operation targeting Al Shabaab in August 2017. Between 2016 and 2019 the Somali National Army recruited391 child soldiers and committed some 834 grave violations against children.
In Somaliland, the social mobilization campaigns to raise awareness on the COVID 19 outbreak, improving WASH services, prevention messages delivery, as well as supporting the safe school operation guidelines are ongoing. Social mobilization materials on the risks related to the COVID 19 pandemic were developed for and disseminated through mass media  ( TV, radio, SMS and online platforms ) .
The highest admissions (  SAM treatment programme between )  are registered from some districts in Lower/Middle Shabelle, Bay, Bakool and parts of Banadir region denoting the impact of the floods that have significantly affected riverine cropping areas of Middle and Lower Shabelle, and Lower Juba, and other IDP areas.
Coordination and Partnerships : UNICEF continues to contribute to the overall UN leadership in the COVID 19 response through existing platforms such as the UN Country Management Team, Humanitarian Country Team and Security Management Team. UNICEF is also using its cluster leadership role as a platform to enhance coordination in key intervention areas relevant to both COVID 19 preparedness and response.
Situation Overview & Humanitarian Need : On 24 October, the Ministry of Health reported that the total confirmed COVID 19 cases reached 3,941 with 104 deaths.
Economic causes were cited by 27% of key informants as the reason for skipping two or more meals per day.
[ Somalia required ]  medical measures including mandatory quarantine or additional medical checks required at  [ 13 airports ]
Security and logistical constraints limit the data available on population needs  [ of IDPs ]  in these territories.
In Lower Shabelle, Hagaa floods affected over 251,700 people and displaced 108,800 people in Afgooye, Marka and Wanla Weyn districts. Over 50 per cent of those displaced have now returned to their villages.
Across South West State, Hagaa floods from July to September had caused significant damage to the infrastructure, property, crops and livestock.
The current floods have come soon after the Hagaa season  ( June September )  riverine and f lash floods affected over 545,000 people in Hirshabelle, South West, Jubaland states as well as Sanaag and Banadir regions; displacing about 363,000 f rom their homes. Over 85 per cent of the displacement occurred in t he two most affected regions in the Shabelle river basin   Lower Shabelle  ( South West State )  and Middle Shabelle  ( Hirshabelle State ) .
Following heavy rains in the Ethiopian highlands in the past week, the Dawa river in Doolow and Belet Xaawo burst its banks, flooding an estimated 5,000 hectares of farmland.
Reports from Hirshabelle indicate that on 3 and 4 November, flash floods cut the road linking Jowhar to Mogadishu at a location 10 kms south of Jowhar. The road to the airport was also affected.
[ by Deyr seasonal rains  ] Furthermore, on 26 October 2020, PRMN reported that 4,290 IDPs in 33 IDP settlements were affected, with 33 emergency shelters, 78 bulls and 20 latrines damaged.
[ by Deyr seasonal rains  ]  There are concerns that the rains could aggravate water and vector borne diseases such as malaria and acute water diarrhoea outbreak.
[ by Deyr seasonal rains  ] Similarly, on 13 October 2020, more than 8,400 people affected, and 6,000 people displaced whilst 27 shelters, 53 latrines, 230 Buuls, a school, community halls and ESKs blown away by the heavy rains and wind.
The floods have inundated swathes of farmland, damaged property and disrupted livelihoods at a time that Somalia is grappling with the COVID 19 pandemic and desert locusts in the northern region
UNICEF's Response and Funding Status UNICEF Appeal 2021 US$ 124 million Funding Status in US$ millions 2021 funding requirement $124 m Carry forward $21.7 Funds received $6.3 Funding gap $96.4
SOYDA Conducted Teachers training in the TiCC Inclusive Education, Protection and Socio Emotional learning
SOYDA continuously conducting routing immunization in all the project target sites for health and nutrition however, in this reporting month, it was able to reach Routine measles immunization in both the facility base as well as outreach mobile services hence the program has been able to reach a total of 6,120 children. This has since improved the quality of the target beneficiaries in all the program areas.
UNICEF's Response and Funding Status Highest funding status: SAM Admission  ( 39% )  Lowest funding status: People reached with messaging  ( 0% )
DISPLACEMENT TRACKING MATRIX  ( DTM ) : During the reporting period, 8,472 people, entering and exiting Somalia were reached. COVID 19 information was shared with 4,474 individuals  ( 47% of individuals reached )  who reported to be unaware of the COVID 19 situation.
LABOUR MOBILITY & HUMAN DEVELOPMENT  ( LHD ) : During the reporting period, the Migration for Development in Africa  ( MIDA )  expert attached to the MoH in Jubaland visited a school in Kismayo to conduct awareness raising sessions on COVID 19 after the schools re opened recently. He emphasized the importance of social distancing and wearing of masks.
IOM continued to raise awareness on COVID 19, particularly targeting internally displaced and migrant communities. The CCCM cluster released the results of the second round of the COVID 19 Risk Communication and Community Engagement assessment in IDP sites, carried out with the support of IOM and cluster partners.
DISPLACEMENT TRACKING MATRIX  ( DTM ) : IOM continues to raise awareness among migrants crossing the border at seven Flow Monitoring Points  ( FMPs ) . During the reporting period, 7,920 people entering and exiting Somalia were reached. COVID 19 information was shared with 3,524 individuals  ( 45% of individuals reached )  who reported to be unaware of the COVID 19 situation.
Camp Coordination & Camp Management Cluster :The RISK COMMUNICATION AND COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT  ( RCCE )  Feedback Assessment Round 2 Report was published. The CCCM Cluster assessed the progress in COVID 19 knowledge and behavioural change since May. IDPs demonstrated an improved understanding of COVID 19 transmission, prevention and risks. Despite increased knowledge and awareness in general, improvements can be made at site level.
Continued engagement of Camp Management Committee members and religious leaders in IDP sites that are receiving RCCE support.
MASK MAKING TRAINING FOR WOMEN'S PARTICIPATION PROJECT  ( WPP ) : Together with UNDP, IOM developed a set of videos that demonstrate how to make masks using fabrics and t shirts. The videos were shared on social media to reach a wider audience, while also being used to train the WPP group in Doolow. Fourty actively participating members of the WPP in Doolow were given materials to learn how to make masks. They each made roughly 100 masks, and they decided to donate half of them to vulnerable populations, and sold the remaining at the women's market in Doolow. The mask making training will also be organized for WPP groups in Baidoa and Kismayo in August.
Camp Coordination and Camp Management  ( CCCM ) : IOM improves the living conditions and protection of Internally Displaced Persons  ( IDPs )  in sites and settlements and ensure equitable access to services and assistance of all persons in need in the regions of Kismayo, Doolow and Baidoa.
LABOUR MOBILITY & HUMAN DEVELOPMENT  ( LHD ) : IOM continued to support De Martino Hospital in Mogadishu and other health institutions across Somalia through the placement of diaspora experts. During the reporting period, the Migration for Development in Africa  ( MIDA )  expert attached to the MoH took part on a committee that established guidelines, checklists and requirements for private laboratories to issue COVID 19 certificates for travellers leaving Somalia.
91K Covid 19 vaccines administered.
Garduush is a settlement hardly hit by Cyclone Gati which made landfall in late November last year  ( 2020 ) . The cyclone was one of the strongest tropical cyclones to have hit Somalia.
According to FAO, the Desert Locust upsurge showed signs of decline in March within Somalia and neighbouring countries due to ongoing control operations and poor rainfall.
Somaliland had the highest numbers  [ Of unaccompanied and separated children  ( UASC )  ]  due to the migratory route to the Arab Peninsula, where many children find themselves stranded.
B ecause of floods On Shelter / HHIs   22,000 people  ( Approx. 3,750 Households )  were displaced from their homes with 750 Shelters / Houses destroyed; 28,000 people  ( Approx. 4,600 HHs )  suffered partial damage to property and loss of HHIs.
As a result of these efforts, 19 isolation centres have been established across the country. We continue to provide support with medical supplies, training of health care workers and funding for salaries of additional health care workers who were recruited to help respond to the increases in patients with COVID 19.
Testing, isolation and treatment facilities have been expanded. As of 11 May, 1,357 samples had been collected and tested at the National Public Health Laboratory in Mogadishu. WHO has trained 351 surveillance teams in case finding and contact tracing.
The Somalia Crisis Response Project includes a $20.5 million emergency investment in COVID 19 response in immediate prevention and containment measures including risk communication, surveillance and contact tracing, together with the procurement of medical equipment and supplies.
The European Union is providing €48 million for Somalia to address humanitarian needs including the impact of the coronavirus pandemic, which will support the health facilities in the provision of basic services, epidemics control and prepare them to face the coronavirus pandemic, among other activities.
WHO Somalia is supporting an intensified response operation and has deployed over 4,000 community health care workers throughout Somalia, each to visit at least 5,000 households every month for active case identification and contact tracing. They are supervised by 44 rapid response district teams.
We have also helped the main secondary and tertiary hospitals treating COVID 19 patients to automate their patient registration systems so that better quality data can be recorded, including key information on patient survival and death.
A donation of oxygen concentrators from UNICEF and ICRC was handed over to Garowe and Galkaacyo north isolation centre as well as Baidoa district hospital isolation centre during the week of 15 May. WHO provided enough medical supplies to Marino hospital to treat 10,000 patients for three months and trained 21 doctors.
In the last 6 months, WHO has also developed risk communication material based on scientific evidence that is adapted to the local context and is in the Somali language. The material ranges from preventive messages to home care and other essential aspects of transmission. The aim is to help educate the population on the risk of COVID 19 and protective measures. An estimated 2 million people have been reached with over 200 messages.
WHO is supporting the recruitment of 48 health staff for the 35 bed isolation facility in Jubaland. WASH partners including UNICEF are provided hand washing facilities and put up latrines in the isolation center while Trócaire is supporting three isolation facilities in Dhobley, Belet Xaawo and Doolow.
Nearly 700 frontline health workers received masks and gloves and 490 received gowns and face shields for case management
As of 13 May, almost 10 MT have been dispatched to Dhuusamareeb, Kismayo, Baidoa, Jowhar, Hargyeisa, Garowe and Baraawe on behalf of the FMoH. The Cluster has facilitated the delivery on loan of one Mobile Storage Unit to the FMoH for storing medical equipment.
IOM has reached 3,281 households with hygiene promotion activities in Jubaland and South West State and installed 12 handwashing points in Kismayo. UNICEF is distributing 20,000 hygiene kits in Lower Juba and Gedo. The Danish Refugee Council distributed 1,000 hygiene kits in Doolow IDP settlements on 13 May.
As of 31 October 2020, Somalia has had 3 941 confirmed cases of COVID 19, including 104 fatalities  ( IGAD, 2020 ) .
In addition, the Ministry of Health has reported limited availability of PPEs.
Projections from the FSNAU estimate that 6.3 million Somalis are acutely food insecure through December 2019 .
In Hobyo District, major reasons for displacement includes drought  ( 77% )  and conflict  ( 23% ) .
Humanitarian partners have provided combined two month food rations and scaled up food assistance, reaching 2.3 million people in May.
The ongoing distance learning programme cannot be accessed by all children because the technology used by the radio and TV stations do not reach to most rural areas. And moreover, the poor and marginalized children do not have access to such technology platforms.
On 15 May, the World Bank approved a $137.5 million grant to help Somalia respond to and recover from drought and flooding, but has made amendments to support current shocks such as COVID 19.
Child Protection partners ensured 53,834 children and 15,204 caregivers accessed integrated child protection in emergency services across the country. This includes 1,141 children at risk, unaccompanied and separated children, who received specialized age and gender sensitive child protection service through individual case management to meet their unique needs.
Explosive hazards  ( EH )  partners reached a total of 5,877 IDPs through mine risk education.
In July, UNHCR continued transporting and/or distributing humanitarian assistance to flood affected persons, including distributing NFIs to 256 vulnerable internally displaced households in Singaleer, Kismayo and to 500 vulnerable flood affected households in Beled Xaawo.
Somalia remains one of the poorest countries in the world and more than half of the population live below the poverty line, existing on less than US$2 per day.
The Cash Working Group recommended the prioritisation of digital cash, over vouchers and material assistance to prevent the potential transmission of COVID 19, as well as providing practical tips to partners on how to reinforce existing cash programmes.
In addition to providing greater access to beneficiaries, humanitarian efforts require flexible and timely funding to assist millions of Somalis effectively and ensure that the security needs of national and local implementing partners are factored into proposals and budgets properly.
Additionally, following the distribution of NFIs to approximately 6,000 individuals in Sool and Tagdeer regions in response to conflict, dessert locusts and drought last month, In July UNHCR distributed core relief items to some 1800 internally displaced persons in Ceel Afweeyn, Sanaag region. This response provided assistance to vulnerable individuals displaced from interclan conflict.
The Cluster Partners reached 1,800 people with non food items  ( NFI )  kits and 4,434 people with Emergency Shelter Kits, bringing the cumulative number of people assisted with NFI by the Shelter Cluster partners to 20% of 1.3 Million targeted in 2020, and those assisted with shelter to 15% of the 1.4 million targeted in 2020
In July, refugee university students enrolled in Albert Einstein German Academic Refugee Initiative Fund  ( DAFI )  were undertaking distance learning program with support from UNHCR. In preparation for schools' re opening scheduled for mid August 2020, UNHCR and partners targeted refugees and asylum seekers with children of school going age with “back to school' awareness raising messaging.
The severe socio economic impact of COVID 19 is expected to result in increased tensions and conflict across clans, political affiliations and population groups.
[ PRE EXISTING VULNERABILITIES ]  85% households with an age dependency ratio greater than 0.8
[ PRE EXISTING VULNERABILITIES ]  45% households reporting relying on unstable income sources to meet basic needs.
The cost of the response remained the same at 31 Million
WASH partners continued to provide life saving interventions to prevent further spread of COVID 19 and reduce the impact of floods and disease outbreaks, mainly acute watery diarrhoea  ( AWD )  and cholera
[ General household information ] Two most commonly reported preferred sources through to receive information about COVID 19 were SMS  ( 38% )  and Radio classes  ( 41% ) .
According to the HRP, 2019, 3 million individuals in Somalia are in need of life saving health assistance. Of those 3 million, 2.4 million are targeted for health assistance  ( HRP, 2019 ) .
[ Accountability to Affected Populations ]  14% of households reported having received aid in the 30 days prior to data collection.
At least 620 people accessed material assistance  ( dignity kit, solar lanterns )  from Bossaso, Baidoa, Cadaado, Belet Weyne, Garowe and Afgooye; 64 women and girls in Kismayo received livelihoods training and support.
34% of key informants reported having a disability.
Security issues were reported by 32% of key informants as the reason they skipped two or more meals per day.
64% of key informants cited natural causes as the reason for skipping two or meals a day.
The cost of response has gone down due to the closure of schools and modified activities due to COVID 19. The cost per child reduced from $120 to $40 because there will be no construction of classrooms hence the response focuses on utilizing the existing school structures.
Most commonly reported barriers to accessing information, by % of assessed settlements: Lack of mobile network signal  ( 35% ) , lack of electricity  ( 31% ) , Lack of radio signal  ( 13% ) .
Somalia will need additional resources to cover the whole population and 17 “silent' districts remain unreached.
The safety of humanitarian operations remains a key concern. At least 249 humanitarian personnel were directly affected by security incidents, the majority in southern and central Somalia.
In August, 266 health staff and community volunteers were trained on COVID 19 infection prevention and control in Mudug, Bay, Bakool, Bari and Lower Juba regions.
The resumption of domestic and international flights since August, has boosted the crucial air transport in the country, enabling the movement of aid workers and delivery of supplies.
The strain of polio in circulation in Somalia is different from the wild poliovirus, recently declared eradicated from Africa, but it can put communities where not enough children have been vaccinated at risk and leave children paralyzed for life.