nlp-thedeep/humsetbias huggingface dataset:
FIELD SUPPORTIVE SUPERVISION: GHSC PSM  [ Global Health Supply Chain Program ]  supported the regional team supervisions in the Far North region  ( Mokolo, Maroua, Yagoua, Bogo, Mindif )  for 13 Health Facilities. The focus was on stock management, facility management, reporting
Ainsi que dans les activités préventives  ( vaccination, dépistage actif et promotion de l'hygiène )  Dans la surveillance des Paralysies Flasques Aigües  ( PFA ) , l'OMS continue de piloter le projet AVADAR qui est un outil de surveillance à base communautaire qui permet une notification rapide des évènements.
Renforcement en personnel de prise en charge  ( un médecin et une infirmière )  au CSI de Bodo
Dans la perspective de la réduction des risque choléra, l'OMS a offert à la Région de l'Extrême Nord 20 appareils de purification d'eau par l'entremise du Ministère de la Santé Publique. Chacun de ces appareils dotés d'une technologie innovante permet de fournir l'eau potable à 300 personnes pendant 3 ans au minimum.
Les crises humanitaires auxquelles fait face le Cameroun ont eu une incidence significative sur la situation sanitaire aussi des populations affectées  ( personnes déplacées internes, retournées, réfugies hors camps )  que sur la population hôte pour laquelle l'accès aux services de santé devient encore plus difficile.
In eastern and northern regions, the influx of refugees is exerting significant pressure on already limited natural resources and basic social services in host areas, exacerbating pre existing vulnerabilities. The number of CAR refugees has increased from 217,000 in 2017 to 245,000 in 2018 and to 270,000 in 2019. The gradual decrease of humanitarian assistance and the insufficient level of funding for development projects negatively impacts access to basic services by vulnerable populations.
Critical problems of the population in the East, Adamawa and North regions related to living standards : PIN 521k / WOMEN 57% / CHILDREN 52% / PERSON WITH DISABILITY15 %
A shortage of safe drinking water in rural areas leads to gathering water for drinking and domestic use from streams, rivers and unprotected wells. Open defecation or construction of unsafe latrines is a common practice in most rural settings. Waste is not being collected in rural areas and is mostly thrown into streams  ( reducing water quality ) , bushes or burnt.
The practice of open defecation remains common in the region [ Far North ] . It is more prevalent among IDPs, off site refugees and returnees  ( men, women, girls and boys )  than among host populations. Mayo Sava is the most affected division with at least 34% of the population who practice open defecation, including 80% of refugees outside camps  ( 88% of refugee women )  and more than 25% of IDPs. Also, in Mayo Tsanaga, there is a very high rate of open defecation  ( at least 26% )  among refugees outside the camps. The highest proportion of people who share latrines is observed in Diamaré with 47.8% of households  ( 63% of women and 37% of men )  while in Mayo Sava this proportion is 35% including 41% among women and 31% among men  ( OCHA, 2018 ) . This increases the risk of gender based violence and undermines the privacy of women and men who use it.
[ Far North, living environment sites  ( site, camp, host villages ) , for displaced peoples ]  Investments made in previous years have saved many lives, but due to their insufficiency and discontinuity, it has become difficult to provide affected populations with a minimum standard of living ensuring their dignity, protection and healthy life. In host communities, due to low investments, particularly in the basic sanitation sector, the situation has not changed significantly.
Critical problems of the population in the North West and South West regions related to living standards : PIN 2.2M / WOMEN 53% / CHILDREN 57% / PEOPLE WITH DISABILITY 15 %
Insecurity in the Far North is disrupting the health and education system and further exacerbating the already limited access to basic social services. Health epidemics such as cholera, poliomyelitis and measles are recurrent.
An increase of food insecurity and malnutrition among the refugees and host community members is observed since the arrival of the refugees and the reduction of food rations. Statistics available reveal chronic malnutrition rates of 41% in the North and 37% in the East. Pregnant and lactating women, children and the elderly are most affected by malnutrition. The increase in the vulnerability in the East is leading to child labor to the detriment of education.
[ East, Adamawa, North ]  Children are confronted with non schooling, school dropouts, family separation, and economic exploitation, with, for example, child labour in mines to help their families in a context of socio economic insecurity and reduced assistance.
In the eastern regions  [ East, Adamawa, North ] , 600,000 people suffer from problems related to their physical and mental wellbeing. Sexual exploitation, child marriage, rape and physical and emotional violence continue to be perpetrated against women and girls. Some forms of violence are rooted in cultural and social norms of gender inequality, poverty, ignorance and lack of respect for women's rights.
Critical problems of the population in the East, Adamawa and North regions related to physical and mental wellbeing : PEOPLE IN NEED 597k / WOMEN 51% / CHILDREN 54% / PEOPLE WITH DISABILITY 15 %
These communities |people in rural or hard to reach areas ]  also receive the least humanitarian assistance due to the logistical, security and financial difficulties accessing them. Furthermore, extremely vulnerable individuals such as the old and chronically ill  ( HIV, TB, diabetes ) , people with disabilities, widowed men and women have lost their usual support during displacement and thus are subjected to disproportionate suffering.
The increased recourse to domestic violence is explained by the fact that, while men seek to replicate the masculine ideals of protector and provider for the family, the current political and economic context puts them under increasing pressure. The crisis context, and the economic hardship it generates, is perceived by some as "devirilizing". Men's frustration at being unemployed, seeing their wife play an increased economic role to earn a living, combined with the fact that violence is considered as socially acceptable in some communities, leads to a recourse to domestic violence as a means of asserting their authority and domination.
[ FAR NORTH, NORTH WEST AND SOUTH WEST ]  SECTOR : Protection  ( incl. Child Protection and GBV )  / CRITICAL PROBLEMS : • Killings, maiming, kidnappings and armed incursions, threats against persons and property • Arbitrary detention • Gender based violence, including rape, child marriage and sexual exploitation • Family separation • Psychological trauma and physical injuries• Abduction and recruitment of children • Human rights violations  ( esp. NWSW )  • Limited freedom of movement  ( esp. NWSW )  / ASSOCIATED FACTORS : Insecurity • Lack of documentation • Limited access to legal and health services • Impunity, esp. for GBV perpetrators • Lack of development opportunities for adolescents and youth • Stigmatization • Population movement • Improvised explosive devices and war remnants • Lack of a protective environment in schools  ( esp. NWSW )  • Destruction of homes  ( esp. NWSW )  / PARTICULARY VULNERABLE GROUPS : Children, adolescents, especially young men in the NWSW / PIN : Protection 2.3 M Far North: 850k NWSW: 843k / Child protection 904k Far North: 197k NWSW: 707k / GBV 893k Far North: 0 NWSW: 893k
Critical problems of the population in the Far North and the North West and South West regions related to physical and mental wellbeing : PEOPLE IN NEED 3.3M  [ Out of 3.9M for total country ]  / WOMEN 51% / CHILDREN 49% / WITH DISABILITY 15 %
Attacks on medical staff and infrastructure have become another characteristic of the crisis with more than 35 percent of the Government run health facilities not operational in the two regions  [ North West and South West ] , and the remaining only partially functional.
Entre Octobre 2013 et Avril 2015, neuf cas de Poliovirus sauvage  ( PVS )  ont été détectés au Cameroun
Un plan d'urgence pour la riposte à l'épidémie de Mada a été élaboré et concerne les 4 districts du Logone et Chari dans l'Extrême nord.
Proportion de selles prélevées dans les 14 jours suivant le début de la paralysie5 : 85,21%  [ hépatite ]
Entre janvier et juin 2019 au Cameroun, 1 040 cas suspects de Rougeole ont été investigués avec 242 cas confirmés au Laboratoire et 572 cas confirmés par lien épidémiologique. Ainsi, 30 Districts de Santé ont été déclarées en épidémie pour cette période, à savoir : Kousseri, Mada, Goulfey, Makary, Kolofata, Koza, Ngaoundéré rural, Bangué, Guider, Figuil, Ngong , Mora, Maroua 3, Vélé, Pitoa, Maroua 1, Bourha, Touboro, Mogodé, Bibémi, Garoua 1, Garoua 2, Lagdo, Tcholliré, Guidiguis, Moutourwa, Mokolo, Cité verte, Djoungolo et Nkolndongo
Seule la région du Nord continue d'enregistrer des cas et des décès. La région de l'Extrême Nord a intensifié la surveillance épidémiologique pour une détection précoce des cas de choléra et une prise en charge rapide.  [ épidémie de choléra ]
La majorité des cas  ( 774 cas avec 48 décès )  sont enregistrés dans la région du Nord suivi de la région de l'Extrême Nord  ( 279 cas avec 17 décès ) , de la région du Centre  ( 72 cas avec 1 décès )  et de la région du Littoral  ( 7 cas )   [ épidémie de choléra ]
Le Cameroun connaît une épidémie de choléra depuis 2018 dont les premiers cas ont été notifiés par les districts de santé de Mayo Oulo de Golombe de la Région du Nord. Cette épidémie a affecté successivement les régions du Nord, du Centre, du Littoral et de l'Extrême Nord.
[ 3 principales crises qui ont marqué la situation épidémiologique en 2019 ]  Il s'agit de la crise dans le Bassin du Lac Tchad, la crise des réfugiés centrafricains et la crise dans les régions du Nord Ouest et du Sud Ouest.
La charge des tâches domestiques non rémunérées ont augmenté chez 68% de femmes tandis que les hommes ont plus consacré leur temps de confinement aux travaux intellectuels
En effet, sur le plan économique, 63% des femmes ont connu une baisse ou une perte de leurs revenus et même de leur emploi.  [ suite aux mesures contre le COVID ]
La baisse ou l'annulation de la demande mondiale des principaux partenaires économiques du pays y compris ceux du secteur forestier engendre la perte économique et la baisse des profits par les communautés forestières entraînant de ce fait des pertes économiques et par ricochet augmentent leur insécurité alimentaire.
L'Epidémie de choléra dans la région du Nord continue d'engendrer des cas et des décès
Ils  [ réfugiés, IDPs, apatrides ]  sont désormais encore plus vulnérables du fait des conséquences socioéconomiques néfastes de la crise sanitaire car l'accès aux moyens de subsistance a considérablement été réduit voire disparu.
Cet impact négatif  [ baisse de la demande intérieur ]  s'est matérialisé par une baisse de leur production  ( selon 79,4% d'entre eux ) , de leur chiffre d'affaires  ( 95% )  ainsi que de leurs prix de production  ( 44% )  et une réduction des effectifs employés  ( 52,1% ) .
44% des UPI projettent un arrêt partiel ou total de leurs activités. Ce qui montre l'urgence de soutenir le secteur informel.
Il est probable que cette situation  [  les mesures sociales prisent contre le COVID ]  résultera avoir des impacts plus forts dans les contextes urbains, ou en raison de la densité démographique, les relations interpersonnelles sont soumises davantage à un changement de pratiques.
[ North West and South West Crisis ]  Children, girls and boys are the first victims of the crisis. This results in serious violations of their human rights and constant insecurity, causing family separations over the past three years, limiting access to basic social services such as education, and causing both visible and invisible trauma in the short and long term. The physical and psychological well being of these children, who are both direct and indirect witnesses to conflict related violence, is at stake. Displacement, violations of human rights and children's rights, the breakdown of family and community ties are part of their daily lives.
Ces phénomènes  [ braconnage accru ]  risquent d'avoir un impact accru dans les zones transfrontalières, ou la surveillance est en général plus diluée, du fait notamment de la porosité des frontières et de la faible présence des États  ( Cameroun, Gabon, Tchad, RCA )  dans les régions transfrontalières.
La capacité d'accueil du Centre de santé de Bodo étant largement dépassée  ( cette aire de santé a accueilli environ 40 000 déplacés )  Alima  [ ONG ]  s'est positionnée pour une bonne prise en charge, principalement la nuit en mettant en place un maïeuticien avec compétence d'infirmier
Ses effets  [ du COVID 19 ]  ont touché tous les secteurs de la société, limitant la fourniture de services de base, tels que la santé et l'éducation, paralysant l'économie et mettant en péril la cohésion sociale en exacerbant les conflits internes déjà existants.
GHSC PSM  [ Global Health Supply Chain Program ]  worked with the National Malaria Control Program  ( NMCP )  to develop a robust distribution strategy for the Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention  ( SMC )  campaign to ensure the delivery of commodities right up to SDPs throughout nearly 100,000 km2, mostly rural areas   including areas under the threat of terrorism or with little to no transportation infrastructure.
END USER VERIFICATION – MALARIA: Selected Ministry of Public Health staff from the Central level were trained on EUV during the first ever EUV exercise for Cameroon 6 out of the 10 regions of Cameroon were covered, one hundred and twelve  ( 112 )  sites comprising regional hospitals, district hospitals, sub divisional hospitals and health centers were involved in the exercises.
LAUNCHING OF PMI ACTIVITIES: it took place in Garoua in March 2018 with the following officials: MOH  ( Andre MAMA FOUDA ) , US AMBASSADOR  ( Amb. Peter Balerin ) , GHSC PSM  [ Global Health Supply Chain Program ] , CRS, The governors of both regions
Present in Cameroon in the Far North, North, Centre, North West and South West regions, The USAID  Global Health Supply Chain Program  ( GHSC PSM )  aims at strengthening the Health System and fight against malaria and HIV
Plus de 40 000 Nigérians demandeurs d'asile enregistrés dans le District de santé de Makary
Pour renforcer cette prise en charge, ALIMA a déployé des personnels soignants à l'Hôpital de district de Makary.
896 consultations prénatales et 311 consultations post natales ont été réalisées
11 accouchements conduits par le personnel qualifié ont été enregistrés sur le site
Suite au déplacement massif des personnes de Rann  ( Nigéria )  qui sont venues se réfugier à Goura  ( Cameroun )  et, compte tenu de la promiscuité, l'exposition aux aléas climatiques, la précarité, l'insécurité alimentaire, faible accès à l'eau potable pour cette population réfugiée, constituant des facteurs pouvant entrainer un impact tant sur le plan médical que sur le plan nutritionnel
24 références au niveau des districts de santé de Makary ou Mada ont eu lieu.
S'agissant de la crise dans le Bassin du Lac Tchad, on a noté pendant le premier trimestre 2019 une légère intensification des exactions des membres du groupe Boko Haram au Nigéria et au Cameroun, marquées par des attaques à mains armées, des violences et des abus contre les populations civiles ainsi que le pillage des moyens d'existence des populations
Epidémies de Rougeole dans les régions du Nord et de l'Extrême Nord
NSAGs declared and enforced lockdowns from the 22 to 24 June and from 29 June to 2 July in the NW and SW respectively as a result of the PPRD  [ Presidential Plan for Reconstruction and Development ]  mission.
Only 6% of the 2020 targeted 355,000 children affected by the crisis have had access to quality formal or non formal basic education.
99% of GBV partners do not have enough resources to mitigate COVID 19 risks in their intervention; 55% of assessed health facilities do not have post rape kits.
Cette situation  [ augmentation des activités de braconnages et de trafic illicite ]  a notamment été mise en évidence par une étude menée par l'UNESCO sur les sites du patrimoine mondial.
Depuis cette date  [ 6 Mars 2020 ] , la propagation semble s'accélérer. En date du 24 juin 2020, le pays compte 12 270 cas de contamination dont 313 décès et 7 774 malades ayant recouvré la guérison.
[ Far North ]  In addition  [ to security constraint ] , the poor conditions of the road network worsened during the rainy season, which is often severe in Cameroon, particularly so in 2019.
[ Far North ]  Humanitarian access to the North is severely restricted due to the prevailing insecurity and attacks by non state armed groups which restrict the freedom of movement of goods and people as well as humanitarian actors. Humanitarian partners   mainly UN agencies   use government armed escorts in areas of particularly high danger in accordance with the principle of last resort.
[ North West and South West ]  In terms of access to WASH infrastructure, it should be noted that IDPs often share shelters, water points, latrines and showers with host populations. The increased proximity does not give girls and women the necessary privacy, exposing them to the risk of violence.
[ North West and South West ] People in rural or hard to reach areas are most affected due to limited or no access to basic medical services. This population is mainly composed of women and children.
[ Insecurity in the North West and South West ]  People living with HIV who were on Antiretroviral  ( ARV )  drugs can no longer access drugs when they take refuge in the bush, increasing the risk of infection.
[ North West and South West ]  Lack of access to contraceptive methods, combined with poor coverage of sexual and reproductive health services, lead to early pregnancy, unsafe abortion and sexually transmitted diseases
[ North West and South West ]  As a result  [ of attacks on medical personnel and infrastructure and then the closure of more than 35% of all heatlh facilities and many remaining not functionning at full capacity ] , maternal and child mortality rates have increased, and an average of only 12% of women give birth in health centers.
[ North West and South West ]  Attacks on medical personnel and infrastructure have become another feature of the crisis with the closure of more than 35% of all health facilities and many of the remaining not functioning at full capacity.
The instability in the region  [ Far North ]  continues to exacerbate the already limited access to basic social services, particularly with regard to the health and education system. Access has been further constrained due to widespread insecurity   leading inter alia to the flight of education and health personnel   the destruction of basic infrastructure, and the lack of health services present to deal with war injuries and psychosocial trauma related to violence, including sexual violence and rape. The lack of health facilities promotes the spread of epidemics such as cholera, polio and measles which are recurrent and particularly affect the weakest, children and the elderly.
Dans ces régions  [ Extrême Nord, Nord ouest et Sud Ouest ]  , on dénombre près de 1,8 million d'enfants d'âge scolaire qui sont dans le besoin de soutien d'urgence pour accéder à l'éducation, dans un contexte marqué par les conflits armés, la violence, les inondations, le choléra et les épidémies de rougeole.
A ce contexte  [ financement de l'éducation qui pèse sur les familles ]  peu favorable, s'ajoute les crises humanitaires et sécuritaires qui impactent négativement le système éducatif et aggravent le niveau de pauvreté des familles.
Pendant le temps des restrictions dans les activités économiques l'accès aux aliments était limité par le manque des moyens, pas ou moindre revenu, une baisse de pouvoir d'achat  [ spécialement les femmes et les plus vulnérables dans les zones urbaines ]
Pour ce dernier secteur  [ forestier ] , les restrictions sur les déplacements et les mesures de confinement empêchent la mise en œuvre des activités des projets qui demandent un contact physique avec les bénéficiaires et/ou des rassemblements de plus de 50 personne, aussi entraînent un faible accès des communautés forestières vulnérables aux services de santé et éducation.
Cette baisse  [ du prix des principales matières premières exportés ]  affectera ainsi certains secteurs comme ceux des hydrocarbures, l'agriculture industrielle d'exportation, le tourisme et le forestier.
En ce qui concerne les mesures relatives à la relance de l'économie, les chefs d'entreprises mettent en relief la nécessité : de revoir la politique fiscale  ( 40% des entreprises ) , soit en suspendant la collecte de l'impôt pendant cette période, le non paiement de certains impôts ; soit en apportant des subventions à certaines activités jugées sinistrées ; de leur accorder des aides financières  ( 28% ) .
les baisses des prix des principales matières premières exportées notamment le prix du pétrole brut et les matières premières agricoles particulièrement l'huile de palme, le cacao, le coton et le café  [ Dû aux effets du COVID ]
La transmission des effets entraine la baisse de la production, du volume de travail, du chiffre d'affaires et des effectifs. Cette situation impactant négativement sur la productivité et la performance globale des entreprises les contraint à adopter des réductions de salaire ou des postes de travail avec des pertes d'emplois, comme mesure de maintien de leurs activités et de résilience économique.
Le chômage enregistrerait un accroissement par rapport à la situation de référence de près de 163% ; et le niveau des prix enregistrerait une hausse de près de 3,2%.
Selon les projections du Gouvernement sur la base d'un Modèle d'Equilibre Général Calculable  ( MEGC ) , les simulations faites montrent que le PIB devrait être en net recul par rapport à la situation de référence  ( 4% initialement prévus ) , pour se situer à près de 0,6% dans le scénario considéré. Soit un recul de 3,4 points ; Sur le plan sectoriel, le secteur le plus affecté serait le secteur tertiaire ; le fléchissement des revenus serait de  19,2% pour le Gouvernement,  11,9% pour les entreprises et  15% pour les ménages ; ce qui correspondait à une perte évaluée à près de 26,4 milliards F.CFA pour les ménages ruraux, et près de 58,2 milliards F.CFA pour les ménages urbains
Du fait de son ouverture économique et commerciale sur l'économie mondiale, les effets socioéconomiques  [ du COVID ]  sont probables sur l'économie camerounaise.
The Adamawa, North and East regions are relatively secure, allowing them to welcome many refugees and internally displaced persons. However, there has been an increase in incidents including urban crime, kidnapping, roadblocks by bandits, and inter communal conflicts.
[ North West & South West ]  The weekly “ghost town' days, set up by non state armed groups, particularly affect displaced persons and host communities, limiting their movements and therefore their economic and agricultural activities.
[ North West and South West ]  Authorities require humanitarian actors to obtain written authorizations from the Governor's office for the implementation of humanitarian activities, a process facilitated by the establishment of Government Humanitarian Coordination Centres  ( HCC )  in Buea and Bamenda in June 2019.
[ North West and South West ]  In parallel  [ to access constraint to humanitarian assistance ] , access to basic social services by the affected population remains a critical concern in the two regions as fear of violence and lack of civil documentation limits movements  ( especially for men of fighting age ) .
[ North West and South West ]  Access constraints often translate into delays, partial response to humanitarian needs and increased operational costs for humanitarian partners.
[ North West and South West ]  Access constraints identified in both regions include a number of logistical challenges  ( e.g terrain, poor infrastructure, network issues ) , challenges related to a lack of community acceptance  ( particularly around civil documentation and education ) , active hostilities, military operations and insecurity; restrictions of movements of humanitarian personnel, goods and assets within the country  ( e.g. ghost towns/ lockdowns, check points, road blocks ) , and violence against humanitarian personnel  ( kidnapping, threats, etc. ) . Local NGOs, as ‘frontline' responders are particularly affected.
Adamawa, North and East : In the East, basic social services do not have the capacity to meet the demand of the entire population, including that of Central African refugees. Since the refugee's arrival, the existing centers, already few, have been overcrowded and are experiencing insufficient human and material resources.
Prospects for return to the Central African Republic remain uncertain, as the security situation continues to be unstable. There was, however, a plan for the voluntary return of 4,000 refugees in 2019 which was almost achieved and 10,000 in 2020. As of 5 December, 2,808 refugees have been repatriated by UNHCR to CAR.
[ Adamawa, North and Est ]  The influx of refugees is putting significant pressure on the already limited natural resources and basic social services in the host areas, exacerbating pre existing vulnerabilities, particularly affecting women and children and single female headed households.
However  [ a certain stability in Center, Littoral and South ]  , there has been an increase in incidents including urban crime, kidnappings, the phenomenon of robbers and community clashes. Certain incidents such as kidnappings are mainly reported in the border area with CAR.
Other parts of Cameroon  [ other than Far Noth, Adamawa, North, East, North West and South West ]  remain stable and offer relative security, therefore welcoming many refugees and internally displaced persons from other regions  ( including people from the North West and South West regions fleeing violence )  and neighboring countries.
Au cours de cette phase [  mise en œuvre de la vision 2035 ] , en dépit de la dynamique de croissance générée, la situation de sous  emploi s'est détériorée, et le taux de pauvreté monétaire n'a que légèrement diminué, avec une prédominance des inégalités sociales spatiales et des inégalités persistantes entre les sexes.  [ concernant les années 2018 19 ]
During August 10,249 patients, 5 percent of whom live with disabilities, received life  saving primary healthcare from these services  [ mobile clinics funded by CERF ] .
Attacks on education actors have been reported in the North West and South West regions by non state armed groups  ( NSAGs ) .
Ce dernier chiffre  [ 1% des personnes interrogés qui voyagent ]  est le résultat d'importantes inondations qui affectent le département du Logone et Chari depuis juillet 2020, ainsi que de la multiplication d'attaques et d'incursions de la part de groupes armés non étatiques dans la région du Lac.
( Des )  mouvements  [ des étudiants en raison du baccalauréat au Tchad ]  ont été autorisés par un accord spécial signé entre le Cameroun et le Tchad.
Plus de 80% des répondants indiquent qu'ils utilisent une latrine. Parmi les ménages qui font leurs besoins à l'aire libre, il y en a peu qui utilisent un champ de défécation. Personne n'utilise des sacs plastiques. Il y a plus d'hommes qui utilisent des latrines que de femmes. 79% des femmes utilisent des latrines et 89% des hommes. Cette différence est visible dans toutes les deux localités, mais plus prononcée à Ouro Tada.
Dans le cadre de la surveillance de routine  ( surveillance dans tous les districts et aires de santé )  l'OMS appui le Ministère de la santé aussi bien dans les supervisions que dans la formation des personnels de santé. Ces activités permettent de renforcer les indicateurs de santé et d'améliorer.
Enfin, ces districts de santé ainsi que l'équipe régionale ont été formés sur la surveillance intégrée des maladies et riposte.
A cet effet les équipes de terrain de l'OMS ont procédé à la formation des districts de santé bénéficiaires des appareils de purification d'eau sur leur lieu d'utilisation.
Basic essential, trauma and mental health care services were delivered by mobile and local fixed posts  ( through implementing partner   CARITAS ) , trauma surgeon and mental health specialists engaged by WHO
Les capacités de réponse à cette épidémie  [ de choléra ]  restent très limitées. De même, de nombreux districts de santé des régions du Nord, de l'Adamaoua et de l'Est sont en épidémie de Rougeole ou en attente de confirmation d'épidémie.
S'agissant de la crise dans le Bassin du Lac Tchad, La situation sanitaire est marquée par l'épidémie de CVDPV2  [ poliovirus ]  ainsi que les assauts répétés de Boko Haram aussi bien sur les bases militaires que sur les ménages
La situation sanitaire est marquée par les épidémies de choléra, Rougeole, poliomyélite et Monkey Pox.
In order to understand the displacement and the development of needs, a MSNA was carried out in August 2019 in both regions. Meanwhile, reports of population movement to other areas of Cameroon increased. Based on these reports, the humanitarian community agreed to also analyze displacement in the Littoral and West regions to better understand the needs of the displaced population and host communities.
[ Adamawa, North and East ]  Certain incidents such as kidnappings are mainly reported in the border area with CAR. Humanitarian actors are not deliberately targeted. Security incidents are not likely to have a significant impact on humanitarian access. The public authorities have increased the level of security in the Eastern region, thereby guaranteeing the movement of populations, even if caution is required. Most incidents take place at night, therefore outside of the period authorized for humanitarian activities.
NRC distributed 200 NFI kits in the Tubah subdivision of Mezam division  ( NW ) , reaching up to 1,280 individuals. Elsewhere, 800 households benefited from assistance in core relief items as Plan International carried out distributions in some highly affected communities in Bali  ( NW )
It is important to note that these services  [ psychosocial support, safe shelter, access to justice, empowerment ]  are not always free for all the survivors in the conflict affected NWSW regions, discouraging most of the victims and their families from seeking support exacerbating the consequences of GBV on survivors and their families, and jeopardizing their resilience.
During the reporting period  [ 1 – 30 April 2020 ] , UNICEF, through its partner Reach Out, completed the construction of 4 blocks  ( 8 stances )  of emergency latrines in Bakassi reaching 400 people
Other activities in response to the COVID 19 pandemic  [ in the WASH sector ]  include the training of 200 Cameroon Red Cross volunteers and 90 frontline NGO staff on COVID 19 transmission  ( signs, symptoms and preventive measures ) .
In order to contain the spread of COVID 19, WASH partners have increased sensitization in areas  ( urban centers/towns )  that were initially not targeted under HRP 2020. WASH partners carried out sensitization on COVID 19 transmission and prevention in the NWSW regions reaching 257,917 individuals.
NRC also facilitated the training of 15 data collectors for a COVID 19 assessment, carried out in some communities of the NW  ( Bamenda I, Bamenda II, Tubah )  and SW  ( Limbe and Buea ) . This activity was realized in collaboration with the Regional Delegations of Public Health for the NWSW.
In addition, 55% of 55 assessed health facilities in the NWSW regions do not have post rape kits. As a result, GBV survivors' holistic needs are not sufficiently covered in many subdivisions due to limited access to multi sector services  ( Health, MHPSS [ Mental Health & Psychosocial Support Network ] , safe shelter, legal assistance, livelihood etc. ) .
GBV case management  ( CM )  is unavailable in 85% of the subdivisions  ( 10/65 subdivisions have at least one GBV actor providing GBV CM  [ Case Management ]  ) .
The GBV AoR  [ Area of Responsibility ]  has revised the Guidance Note   GBV COVID 19 _V2. GBVSC_NWSW_Cameroon to guide GBV actors in mitigating COVID 19 risks in GBV interventions and find alternative ways to continue GBV lifesaving interventions.
During the reporting period [ 1 – 30 April 2020 ] , 6,283  ( 58% female and 34% children )  people were reached with GBV interventions in the NWSW regions, including 1,934 women with disabilities, adolescent girls and boys, who received GBV awareness raising messages and information on available services. Other activities carried out include psychosocial support to 976 people.
The IFAD  [ International Fund for Agricultural Development ]  President and the Minister of Economy, Planning and Regional Development of Cameroon met virtually on 25 September 2020 to sign the financing agreement for the second phase of the Commodity Value Chain Development Support Project  ( PADFA II )  worth USD 59.9 million. The agreement was announced on 18 October 2020. It will address the negative impact of the COVID 19 pandemic on small scale producers. It targets 111 farmers' cooperatives to boost their production and productivity, develop improved seeds programme and facilitate their access to rural finance and markets where they can sell their products.
The Minister of Health and RCCE  [ RISK COMMUNICATION AND COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT ]  partners held a coordination meeting of the national task force on communication and social mobilization for health on 16 October to discuss concrete actions to address misinformation about vaccination campaigns being associated with a potential COVID 19 vaccine administered on children and girls without parents' prior consent.
Some COVID 19 laboratories among the fifteen in the country do not channel the results of the samples they analyze daily.
On 8 October, OCHA launched a “5W COVID 19 Cameroon survey' to map out COVID 19 actors in Cameroon. The objective of the survey is to collect information from UN agencies, national and international NGOs on “who does what, where, when and with what resources' in COVID 19 through an online questionnaire.
Since late 2017, long  running tensions in Cameroon's North West and South West regions have escalated. More than 1,200 cases of civilian protection rights violations have been registered, mainly involving physical abuse or threats, and lack of legal protection
These numbers  [ follow up of 1,064 vulnerable children ]  are consistent with the ones from last month, however, more funds and specialized actors in Child Protection Case Management  ( CPCM )  are essential to reach more children who have already been identified as vulnerable and build the capacity of local/national partners on CPCM.
child protection actors were able to support and follow up on 1,064 vulnerable children, including Unaccompanied and Separated Children  ( UASC )  in need of individual child protection case management services, family reunification and/or alternative care arrangements.
CP  [ Child Protection ]  AoR  [ Area of Responsibility ]  members reached more than 10,000 children and caregivers with awareness raising sessions on COVID 19 and related child protection risks and concerns, using community based and door to door approaches, while respecting the recommended risk mitigation measures.
Various forms of protection assistance were offered to the vulnerable during the period including 131 cases provided with legal assistance  ( detention, civil status documents, GBV survivors )  and 304 women and girls with specific needs were supported by restoring and sustaining their dignity including with cash assistance.
In July, 563,440 individuals received various WASH services including COVID 19 prevention activities, implemented by 9 WASH partners  ( AFRINET, ASWEDO, GCR, H4BF, IRC, NRC, SUDAHSER, WaCameroon and COMINSUD )  in the NWSW regions. The number of WASH partners sharing monthly reports has decreased as only a few organizations have active projects. NRC conducted 24 training sessions on Water Point Management, reaching 2,028 members of water user committees.
The number of people reached in July represent only 3 percent of the people in need of GBV lifesaving interventions and 5 percent of the target  ( 1.1M )  set by the GBV sub cluster Humanitarian Response Plan.
To support timely access of GBV survivors to multi sectoral services, the GBV Sub cluster has been actively working in developing and revising the GBV Referral Pathway for the NWSW regions.
Although all six types of GBV were perpetrated, 42 percent of the reported cases are sexual violence incidents  ( rape and sexual assault ) . Survivors of GBV incidents are mostly women  ( 88 percent )  and children represent 23 percent while 4 percent of survivors are people living with a disability. Among the survivors, 82 percent are IDPs.
94  [ GBV ]  survivors benefited from psychosocial support while 143 advocacy actions were undertaken on the field. Following protection analyses, 103 cases were addressed by case workers. 20 humanitarian workers were trained on protection issues and mainstreaming COVID 19 in protection response while about 6,719 persons were reached through sensitization and awareness raising on numerous themes including legal issues, social cohesion, GBV key concepts, protection and humanitarian principles, COVID 19; its consequences and prevention measures.
In July, 22,970 children under 5 years were screened for acute malnutrition with 79  ( 0.3 percent )  identified with severe acute malnutrition  ( SAM )  and 291  ( 1.3 percent )  children with moderate acute malnutrition  ( MAM ) . The SAM cases were referred for treatment, with 67 percent from NW and 33 percent from SW. Screening was conducted by ReachOut, DEMTOU, SUDAHASER, SHUMAS, INTERSOS, Action Against Hunger  ( AAH )  with resource support from UNICEF, WHO and WFP. A total of 11,758 persons were sensitized on key messages on IYCF  ( infant and young child feeding )  practices and these messages integrated COVID 19 preventive messages.
WHO through its implementing partners CARITAS, Reach Out and DEMTOU humanitarian through the mobile clinics in the NWSW regions consulted a total of 3,821 persons. More than 4 percent of the people assisted by mobile teams were people living with disabilities. The mobile clinics placed 80 beneficiaries on ARVs in hard to reach areas and assisted the delivery of 40 women.
Education cluster partners supported 25,271  ( 11,973 boys and 13,928 girls )  conflict and COVID 19 affected children with distance learning activities. Partners provided materials to prevent the spread of virus, capitation grants to learners, and continued community awareness raising and preventive messages related to the pandemic.
3,821 persons received medical attention through mobile clinics. Mobile clinics are the only sources of health care in most rural communities.
42 percent of the reported GBV cases are sexual violence incidents  ( rape and sexual assault )  and 73 percent of the victims are female.
Child Protection Area of Responsibility has launched a series of trainings on Child Protection Case Management with the objective to standardize the response according to IASC  [ Inter Agency Standing Commitee ]  guidelines.
The  [ Food Security ]  Cluster held a cluster lead agency  ( CLA )  meeting which was an opportunity to review the Cluster's current progress and get guidance from the CLAs.
The  [ food security ]  Cluster is involved in ongoing consultations to reactivate the Rapid Response Mechanism  ( RRM )  and inclusion of food security in the RRM for the NWSW.
The  [ Food Security ]  Cluster is currently working with WFP to finalize the tools and food package for RRM  [ Rapid Response Mechanism ] .
A total of 12,427 people were assisted  [ by theFood Security Cluster ]  in April; 11%  ( 1,311 )  through food assistance and 89%  ( 11,116 )  through agriculture and livelihoods activities.
In addition, 167  ( 75 males; 92 female )  facilitators were trained on management of e learning  [ for education ] , prevention and control of the COVID 19 outbreak. The facilitators were from selected community learning centers in the Fako and Manyu divisions  ( SW )  and the Donga Mantung division  ( NW ) .
6,415  ( 3,041 boys; 3,374 girls )  children benefited from snacks for learning distributed at household level in the Fako division  ( SW )  and in the Mezam, Ngoketunjia and Boyo divisions  ( NW ) . Out of these children, 512 children are living with a disability.
Regrettably, fourteen new positives cases  [ Covid 19 ]  among health staff arose within the week from 15 to 29 October, in the Littoral, South and East regions bringing the cumulative number of positive cases among health personnel to 877, with no new death.
To ensure sustainable operation and maintenance WASH committees have been created to manage those  [ 28 emergency ]  latrines  [ in Bakassi ] .
[ SITE DE GADO ]  Au 30 Septembre 2020, la population du site s'élève à 26 815 réfugiés centrafricains. 57% de la population a moins de 18 ans et les femmes/filles représentent 53%. Les besoins prioritaires du site de Gado portent sur le suivi des enfants au secondaire, la réponse pour les adolescents non scolarisés entre 14 17 ans, la promotion des programmes d'autonomisation des réfugiés, la redynamisation de la promotion de l'hygiène et de l'assainissement, la nécessité d'octroi de terres cultivables fertiles et d'espaces de pâturage pour les réfugiés agriculteurs et éleveurs et les abris.
the COVID 19 pandemic has affected the distribution of assistance to IDPs in the NWSW regions as Cluster partners have been forced to put on hold their activities as they seek for new ways of implementation that does not put both the aid worker and beneficiaries at risk of contracting the virus.
93.3% of victim reports  [ protection incidents  ]  come from IDPs, while 4.6% are returnees and 2% from the host community. Women were most affected with 74% of complaints. Meanwhile 84% of incidents reportedly occurred at the residence of the victims.
47 cholera cases were identified in the Tiko  ( Fako Division )  Health District  ( SW )  in March.
The slight decrease in numbers  [ in Child Protection activities ]  compared to last month is mainly due to COVID 19 restrictions and the new set of risk mitigation measures, such as handwashing, social distancing and limiting the number of children and animators per activity, which were collectively agreed upon by the Child Protection AoR members.
before the temporal suspension of activities, Child Protection actors were able to reach about 7,400 children and caregivers in March with psychosocial support activities and parenting skills sessions for caregivers.
Until this note  [ guidance note on the protection of children during the outbreak of COVID 19 ]  is finalized, the Child Protection AoR has decided to temporarily suspend all child protection activities such as Child Friendly and other Safe Spaces, Psychosocial Support Units and other activities that require gatherings and could expose children and communities to further harm.
[ protection ]  Cluster members observed that knowledge on prevention and response to COVID 19 is limited or does not exist in the communities, thus exposing the already vulnerable communities to an elevated risk of COVID 19 infection
focus group discussions and rapid community assessments were also organized in 11 communities in the NWSW reaching a total of 597 households.
In February, mostly due to election related security constraints, only 399 reports were collected  [ by the protection actors ] . Among the documented incidents, only 37 happened within the month of March
A request to reprogram CERF funds  ( IDPs and cholera )  to include COVID 19 activities  [ into WASH cluster activities ]  has been submitted.
YDC constructed one block of institutional latrines  ( 4 stances )  for 200 schoolchildren at a school located at Unity Quarter in Limbe  ( Fako division, SW ) .
Out of the total number of individuals sensitized  [ 22,920 ]   [ through WASH activities ] , 2,285 and 1,049 people were sensitized on COVID 19 and cholera preventions respectively.
In the month of March, Health Cluster partners  ( HRP  [ humanitarian response plan ]  and non HRP )  reached in total 44,615 beneficiaries including 42,895 IDPs, 1,620 host community members and 100 government partners through health promotion, essential healthcare and immunization activities.
Over 300 reports and 22 alerts have been generated by the community health workers trained on community based surveillance in the framework of EWARS  [ Early Warning, Alert and Response System ]  in March.
The  [ food security ]  Cluster developed a specific COVID 19 guidance note using the recommendations given by the Health and WASH clusters.
Only essential and lifesaving activities of the different humanitarian actors are encouraged to continue  [ Health and WASH clusters' activities ]  in these regions while ensuring all the necessary infection prevention and control measures are respected.
lifesaving activities continue, respecting hygiene sensitization, handwashing and social distancing measures to curb the spread of the virus.
In the meantime, most nutrition activities have been suspended until Cluster specific guidance  [ SOP for the COVID 19 response ]  is developed.
During the  [ COVID 19 ]  awareness sessions, the communities received handwashing equipment including water buckets and soaps.
65  ( 33 male and 32 female )  community leaders, representing a community education committee, from five communities in the Fako division  ( SW )  were sensitized on symptoms of COVID 19, best practices to control the virus including hand washing and physical distancing.
An estimated total number of 1,033,000  ( 570,000 from NW and 463,000 from SW )  school aged children are now forced to stay at home due to the dual emergency. This includes 235,000  ( 73,742 are from NW and 161,258 from SW )  COVID 19 impacted students from public schools and about 340,000  ( 197,200 from NW and 142,800 from SW )  learners from community centers.
To ensure such a strategy  [ COVID 19 humanitarian response strategy ]  is coherent with existing programs OCHA this month met with Cluster Coordinators and UN agencies to ensure that clusters develop and implement multi sectoral responses to the crisis while limiting interventions to life saving activities.
Selon une évaluation réalisée par le HCR et Plan International en avril 2020 sur les impacts de COVID 19 sur les moyens de subsistance des réfugiés et demandeurs d'asile urbains, environ 93% des réfugiés et demandeurs d'asile urbains ne peuvent pas satisfaire leurs besoins alimentaires quotidiens et 73% ont perdu leur emploi à cause de COVID 19.
les prix actuels de la plupart des denrées de base restent plus élevés que l'année précédente et plus élevés qu'avant le conflit.
la disponibilité croissante de nourriture stabilise les prix des aliments de base produits localement, alors que la demande des ménages sur le marché diminue.
Les prix actuels du maïs sont en moyenne 20 pour cent plus élevés qu'en mai 2020 et 35 pour cent plus élevés qu'en août 2019.
la fermeture des écoles maintient un impact négatif sur la main d'œuvre.  [ pour faire repartir le climat des affaires et l'économie ]
Le nombre de cas confirmés de COVID 19 et de décès associés au Cameroun continue d'augmenter, avec 19 142 cas confirmés et 411 décès au 28 août, cinq mois après que le premier cas a été enregistré en mars 2020.
Pour augmenter leur pouvoir d'achat les ménages pauvres augmentent la vente de bétail par rapport à la normale.
Cette hausse  [ prix des céréales en augmentation ]  étant principalement due à la baisse des stocks de réserve de 2019 et aux perturbations des flux commerciaux causées par les mesures liées au COVID 19 et au mauvais état des routes qui augmentent les coûts de transport.
In partnership with the GPE  [ Global Partnership for Education ] , 39 new classrooms constructed with the GPE funds to increase the capacity of the refugee host community schools of Timangolo  ( Kette )  and Lolo  ( Ketzou ) , were completed and partially handed over to the government/schools through the Regional Delegation for the Basic Education for the East Region. These classrooms are to benefit 1950 Children  ( girls and boys )  in these communities, upon launching.