nlp-thedeep/humsetbias huggingface dataset:
Recent shelling of civilian neighbourhoods has caused death, destruction and displacement and is of great concern. Two people were killed and several others injured, including children at the Fallah 2 Tawergha settlement for displaced people on Sunday night as armed groups exchanged fire. The site hosts more than 900 displaced Libyans.
Scores of people have been killed in ongoing clashes between rival militias vying for power. About 400 prisoners managed to escape from their detention facility by forcing the facility's doors open during the fighting.
Clashes between the LNA and the Petroleum Facilities Guard forces under the command of Ibrahim Jadran in the Oil Crescent led to two civilian fatalities and two injuries. On 16 June, two girls were killed and a woman injured when their home in Ras Lanouf was hit in an airstrike. On 21 June, an employee in the oil sector was injured by flying debris at his workplace in Ras Lanouf during fighting.
Ongoing fighting in Derna between the Libyan National Army  ( LNA )  and the Derna Protection Force  ( DPF, previously the Derna Mujahedeen Shura Council )  resulted in at least 10 deaths and eight injuries among civilians. The actual number of civilian casualties is believed to be higher. The closure of the city's main hospital on 5 June, disruption of communication networks, displacement, and entrapment of civilians in areas of active conflict constrained the gathering and verification of information. Most civilian casualties were caused by the use of unguided weapons such as artillery and mortars by the LNA, crossfire and ERW.
High National Elections Commission in Tripoli, Libya, has been attacked by three suicide bombers leaving the building ablaze and killing several security personnel, and injuring others.
As of 6 December, the Libyan Coast Guard  ( LCG )  rescued/intercepted 14,795 refugees and migrants at sea  ( 10,346 men, 2,172 women and 1,421 children )  during 115 sea operations. In November 2018, 546 refugees and migrants were disembarked in Libya. Throughout the year, the majority of refugees and migrants were disembarked at the Tripoli Naval Base  ( 62 per cent )  while others disembarked at Al Khums port  ( 19 per cent )  and Azzawya  ( 11 per cent ) . This week, through its partner International Medical Corps  ( IMC ) , UNHCR provided medical and humanitarian assistance to ten refugees and migrants disembarked in Libya who were stranded on a boat for more than 10 days at sea. According to the survivors, 15 individuals died on the boat due to the lack of food and water.
In 2015, Islamic State militants killed 20 Egyptian Christians who were kidnapped while working in Libya.
Lack of sustained and regular humanitarian access across Libya continues to be a challenge for humanitarian partners and puts the lives of vulnerable internally displaced persons at risk. The main causes for access restrictions, as reported to the Special Rapporteur, are periodic clashes among armed groups, the existence of unexploded ordnance and landmines, bureaucratic and varying procedures imposed on the movements of humanitarian organizations, lack of authority in some areas, and inaccessibility due to besiegement and remoteness.
Most foreign embassies, the United Nations, the International Committee of the Red Cross and other international agencies were forced to withdraw their international staff and to mostly operate remotely, starting in 2014, due to the deteriorating security situation. For the United Nations, although it is now increasing the numbers of staff on rotation in Libya, the restricted presence of agencies and international staff due to the security situation continues to be a major challenge.
United Nations representatives, and other humanitarian representatives, expressed concern to the Special Rapporteur about the lack of access or restricted access to many areas in southern and eastern Libya, due to ongoing conflict, and consequently not being able to reach many internally displaced persons in desperate need of assistance. Heavy security measures and constraints by the United Nations and other humanitarian actors also makes timely access difficult in many cases. Even in liberated areas, unexploded ordnance and landmines are reported as being a significant hindrance to accessing the population.
Challenges relating to personal documents and civil documentation were frequently raised by the internally displaced persons whom the Special Rapporteur met with. Many had left their documents behind as they fled their homes and consequently now faced challenges in gaining access to services, assistance and employment. Without documents, their freedom of movement and ability to reach safe locations may also be severely restricted, as they are hindered in passing checkpoints. Of particular concern is the requirement for internally displaced persons to travel back to their place of origin in order to complete the necessary administrative requirements to reissue valid identity documents. Internally displaced persons are frequently not able to do so safely and this requirement may therefore put them in danger
As of 31 May 2018, the Libyan Coast Guard rescued/intercepted 6,929 people in different locations along the Libyan coast. A total of 1,756 individuals were rescued/intercepted in May, 1,463 in April and 1,054 in March. Of the total of 6,929 people rescued/intercepted at sea by the Libyan Coast Guard, 4,748 were men, 1,140 women, 577 children and 464 unidentified. Since 1 January 2018, Libyan local authorities have recovered 41 bodies of people who perished while attempting to cross the Mediterranean towards Europe. The majority of individuals disembarked in Libya were from Nigeria  ( 1,201 ) , Eritrea  ( 831 )  and Mali  ( 688 ) .
Bashagha said Friday that the armed forces don't follow the orders of the interior ministry or those of the GNA, adding that they have their own budget and agendas and nobody can stand in their way.
UNHCR evacuated 81 refugees and asylum seekers who were living in urban settings to the Emergency Transit Centre  ( ETC )  in Romania. The refugees and asylum seekers, who arrived in Timisoara on 7 December, will be processed at UNHCR's facility in Romania for solutions in third countries. Since November 2017, UNHCR has evacuated 2,690 refugees and asylum seekers from Libya, including 2,202 to Niger, 312 to Italy and 176 to the ETC in Romania.
So far in 2018, the Libyan Coast Guard  ( LCG )  rescued/intercepted 14,795 refugees and migrants at sea. A total of 15,358 individuals disembarked in Libya in 2017. The top three nationalities of those disembarked this year were Sudanese  ( 14 per cent )  Nigerian  ( 12 per cent )  and Eritrean  ( 10 per cent ) . Out of the total, approximately 10 per cent were children.
Following the summer months, where disembarkations took place at an average of 1,900 individuals per month  ( May, June, July and August ) , as of September, the number of persons disembarked in Libya reduced to an average of 400 persons per month. Throughout the year, UNHCR and its partner International Medical Corps  ( IMC ) , maintained their presence at disembarkation points and provided life saving assistance, non food items  ( NFIs )  and medical assistance to refugees and migrants disembarked in Libya.
UNHCR estimates that 4,900 refugees and migrants are detained in Libya of whom 3,527 are of concern to UNHCR. Throughout the year, UNHCR and partners conducted over 1,300 monitoring visits and advocated with authorities for the release of over 6,480 refugees and asylum seekers. So far in 2018, UNHCR has registered 2,796 individuals in detention centres in and around Tripoli. UNHCR is now expanding registration activities to detention centres outside of Tripoli.
• The overall median cost of the MEB continued to decrease in December, reaching 830.56 LYD, 10.17 LYD less than in November. The decrease in MEB cost was greatest in the East  (  4.1% )  and the South  (  3.7% ) , compared to the West  (  1.0% )
UNHCR continues to register persons in need of international protection held in detention centres. UNHCR estimates that 4,900 refugees and migrants are detained in Libya, of whom 3,650 are of concern to UNHCR. This week, UNHCR conducted a registration mission to Suq Al Khamis  ( 126 km east of Tripoli )  where 106 individuals were registered. Over the coming weeks, UNHCR plans to expand its registration activities to other detention centres in the central region. Since October, UNHCR has registered more than 2,830 persons in need of international protection in detention centers.
UNHCR remains concerned about the situation in Sabaa detention centre  ( southeastern area of Tripoli ) , where over 230 refugees and migrants have limited or no access to food. UNHCR is advocating for their release and for the urgent provision of food. So far in 2018, UNHCR advocated for the release of over 6,480 refugees and asylum seekers from detention, 40 per cent of whom were released mainly for the purpose of evacuation to third countries.
• The overall increase in the price of hygiene items  ( +8.4% )  was driven by prices in the West  ( +12.2% ) , which is disproportionately represented in the dataset, while hygiene item prices decreased in the East  (  2.3% )  and the South  (  0.8% ) .
In December, while the median price of bread remained unchanged in the West and the East, it continued to decrease in the South, marking a 27.0% drop since October. In December 5 pieces of bread cost 1.00 LYD in the East, 1.25 LYD in the West, and 1.46 LYD in the South.
On 15 December, through its partner LibAid, UNHCR started the distribution of shelter kits for 600 IDP returnee families in the city of Tawergha  ( over 290 km east of Tripoli ) . These kits will support the repair of shelters and infrastructure severely damaged in 2011. Currently, Tawergha is hosting 165 families who returned to the city over the past months.
UNHCR and its partners continue to support IDP returnees and host communities with quick impact projects  ( QIPs )  in Benghazi. This week, a QIP was completed by partner ACTED at the Al Sad Alaly secondary school in Benghazi. UNHCR provided office desks, computers, printers, and sport items to support children attending the school. The school is used by more than 500 students, including many returnees.
90 baladiyas reported that between 80 100% of public schools in the baladiya were operational. Five schools reported that between 61% and 80% of schools were operational with two reporting that between 41% and 60% of schools were operational  ( Al Aziziya and Derna ) . 96% of mantikas  ( regions )  reported that the majority of students were attending schools regularly within the respective baladiyas. The remaining 4% of mantikas reported irregular attendance of students in Ubari, Derna, Sirt and Aljfara.
In eight baladiyas across the country it was reported that only up to 20% of public hospitals were operational. In 36 baladiyas it was reported that between 81 and 100% of public hospitals in the baladiya were operational. The most common type of health facilities available were health centers which were present in 83% of baladiyas. Private clinics were reported in 71% of baladiyas and hospitals were available in 61% of baladiyas.
Food imports in Libya have dwindled due to limited port access and road blockages. This has caused food prices to skyrocket. The prices of many staple food items, such as rice and wheat flour, have increased by as much as 200 percent compared to pre conflict levels.
Migrants and refugees interviewed by UNSMIL consistently described conditions in such as unfit for human habitation, overcrowded and unhygienic. Some appear to lack any running water, washing facilities and latrines, with migrants and refugees being forced to relieve themselves in buckets or outside. In general, those held must either procure their own food through money transfers from their families or starve to death. No basic cleaning items are ever provided, and medical treatment is non existent. The special needs of migrants and refugees in vulnerable situations, including children, pregnant and breastfeeding women, are not addressed.
These conditions lead to a proliferation of scabies and other skin infections, respiratory problems and gastro digestive ailments. According to first hand accounts gathered by UNSMIL, women giving birth in such conditions have died or suffered complications. The lack of medical treatment, including for injuries sustained as a result of torture and malnutrition, lead to frequent preventable deaths. Some migrants and refugees have described being held by abusive smugglers or traffickers for up to two years in such conditions and paying ransoms on multiple occasions. Eritrean and Somali nationals appear to be most vulnerable to prolonged captivity.
According to information obtained through UNSMIL interviews, male migrants and refugees are also routinely taken out of captivity for forced manual labour, including in farms, construction work, offloading heavy merchandise or weapons, and cleaning. Less frequently, women also reported being transferred out of detention by smugglers and traffickers to carry out domestic work without any remuneration.
Resettlement processing of refugees registered in Niger  ( Group 4 )  Since 1 September 2017, 983 individuals have been submitted for resettlement to 6 resettlement States  ( Belgium, Canada, Finland, France, Sweden and Switzerland ) . A total of 266 individuals have departed on resettlement from Niger to Canada, Finland, France, Sweden and Switzerland. A total of 140 individuals have been accepted for resettlement and are pending departure from Niger to Belgium, Canada, France and Sweden. A total of 342 individuals have been submitted for resettlement and are pending interview or decision by a resettlement State in Niger.
Migrant and refugee accounts consistently demonstrate how smugglers and traffickers, who control the movement of people through Libya, exhibit blatant disregard for their lives, either deliberately shooting them, torturing them to death in an attempt to extort money from their families, or leaving them to die from starvation or medical neglect.
The overwhelming majority of migrant and refugee women and older teenage girls interviewed by UNSMIL in 2017 2018 reported either being raped by smugglers or traffickers in Libya or witnessing others being taken out of collective accommodations and returning distraught, physically hurt and/or with torn clothes. The prevalence of rape among women who have transited through Libya has been corroborated by a plethora of sources, such as medics and other service providers, including in countries of origin and destination.
While migrant and refugee women and girls are disproportionately affected by rape and sexual violence, international NGOs and other service providers have also told UNSMIL that men and boys are increasingly vulnerable to rape and other sexual abuses while in transit in Libya, noting a rise in 2018 in cases of men and boys receiving treatment and support for the physical and psychological consequences of sexual abuse.
Resettlement processing in Libya  ( Group 1 )  Since 1 September 2017, 1,048 individuals have been submitted for resettlement to 7 States  ( Canada, France, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland ) . A total of 253 individuals have departed on resettlement from Libya directly or through the ETC in Romania to Canada, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway and Sweden. A total of 118 individuals have been accepted for resettlement and are pending departure from Libya directly or through the ETC Romania to Canada  ( 107 ) , France  ( 4 ) , the Netherlands  ( 1 )  and Sweden  ( 6 ) . A total of 699 individuals have been submitted for resettlement and are pending interview or decision by a resettlement State in Libya
Resettlement processing of evacuees from Libya in Niger  ( Group 2 + 3 )  Since 1 September 2017, 1,581 individuals have been submitted for resettlement to 11 resettlement States  ( Belgium, Canada, Finland, France, Germany, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom and the United States ) . A total of 970 individuals have departed on resettlement from Niger to Belgium, Canada, Finland, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States. A total of 290 individuals have been accepted for resettlement and are pending departure from Niger to Canada, Finland, France, Germany, Norway, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States. A total of 202 individuals have been submitted for resettlement and are pending interview or decision by a resettlement country in Niger
On 28 April, the owner of a vegetable stand was killed in crossfire between two armed men in the area of Zarouq in Misrata.
Last week, the AIIA in Kufra said it has deported 56 Sudanese illegal migrants to their country via the border crossing between Kufra and Sudan.
The World Health Organization  ( WHO )  strongly condemns the armed attack occurred on the 25th December in Al Jala Hospital in Benghazi, Libya, which caused panic to the patients, health workers, and damage to the infrastructure of the hospital.
Al Jala Trauma hospital is working under extreme pressure with limited supplies and resources to save lives and provide medical services to the whole East of Libya. Repeated attacks will lead to closure of this important hospital , add to the sufferring of Libyan people, and further deprive the already limited access they have to medical care.
To strengthen the quality of medicines supply planning in Libya, the EU supported SHAMS project has implemented numerous activities to help address the bottlenecks militating against population access to quality and affordable medicines. One of the series of activities lined up is the training of health workers across the country on medicines forecasting and quantification.
MSF says they reported at least 15 people were killed and dozens more, mostly women, were left behind.
The escalation of fighting in Derna has reached unprecedented levels, due to the use of air raids and shelling, some of which are in residential areas, and heavy ground clashes. • At least five civilians have died since 22 May, including two children, and 11 have been injured, including four children, as a result of the increased hostilities. • The humanitarian situation is worsening as severe water, food and medicine shortages continue to exacerbate. Electricity and water are completely cut off for the approximately 125,000 residents. • Humanitarian access to Derna is severely limited and no humanitarian supplies are reported as entered since mid March, except for on 28 May when kidney dialysis materials and medication were allowed to reach Derna Hospital.
On 15 May, UNHCR conducted an inter agency mission to Sirte  ( 455 km East of Tripoli )  with OCHA, UNICEF and IOM. This was the first mission of international staff to the city by land. The team met with the mayor of the city and civil society organizations to discuss future collaboration to support displaced persons  ( IDPs )  and returnees in the area and their most urgent needs. Healthcare was highlighted by the authorities as a pressing need. The Displacement Tracking Matrix  ( DTM )  reports that a total of 13,893 IDPs and 72,960 returnees are currently living in Sirte.
On 14 May, UNHCR airlifted a second group of 86 persons in need of international protection from Zwara  ( 102 km west of Tripoli )  to Tripoli. The group included 79 men and seven women from Eritrean, Ethiopia and Somalia. They will remain in a detention facility until they can be evacuated by UNHCR under its humanitarian evacuation programme.
As of 15 May, 6,551 refugees and migrants were disembarked in Libya by the Libyan Coast Guard  ( LCG ) . During the week, 211 individuals  ( 168 men, 34 women and nine children )  were disembarked at the Tripoli Naval Base. The majority of those disembarked were Eritrean. Following recent trends, the boats departed from Al Khums  ( 120 km East of Tripoli )  and Zwara  ( 118 Km West of Tripoli ) . UNHCR and its partner, International Medical Corps  ( IMC )  provided urgent medical and humanitarian assistance at the disembarkation points and at the detention centres where they were then transferred by the authorities.
On 13 and 14 May, UNHCR and its partner LibAid distributed NFIs to 754 displaced Tawerghan families  ( 4,525 individuals )  living in settlements in Ajdabya and Benghazi. One of the distributions took place in Al Haleys settlement, the largest IDP Tawerghan settlement in Benghazi, hosting 1,317 individuals. UNHCR provided humanitarian assistance  ( including kitchen sets, sleeping mats, solar lamps, blankets, plastic sheets, diapers, jerry cans, hygiene and sanitary kits )  to 1,900 families who have been displaced in the south of Libya as a result of ongoing clashes. The families are living in private and public buildings in Sabha and Marzuq. UNHCR continues to respond to the needs of displaced families in Libya, where so far 16,810 IDPs received NFIs in 2018.
With the support of European Union funding, a three day capacity building workshop on refugee and IDP protection took place in Tripoli from 14 to 16 May.
On 28 May, UNHCR coordinated the transfer of eight Eritrean nationals from Kufra detention centre  ( south of Libya )  to Triq al Sikka detention centre in Tripoli. The individuals had been severely injured earlier near the Libyan boarder with Egypt. UNHCR and its partner IMC are monitoring their situation and providing them with humanitarian and medical assistance.
So far in 2018, the Libyan Coast Guard  ( LCG )  rescued/intercepted a total of 6,929 refugees and migrants. In May alone, a total of 1,756 individuals were disembarked in Libya. The majority of those disembarked were from Mali, Ivory Coast and Eritrea. UNHCR and its partner International Medical Corps  ( IMC )  are present at disembarkation points to provide humanitarian and medical assistance. Similar to previous trends, the boats departed from sites near Garabulli  ( east of Tripoli ) , Azzawiya and Zwara  ( west of Tripoli ) .
UNHCR continues to respond to the needs of internally displaced persons  ( IDP )  in Libya. During the week, UNHCR distributed NFIs to displaced Tawerghans living in Benghazi. A total of 446 IDPs were provided with sanitary kits, blankets, sleeping mats and solar lamps. UNHCR has reached over 5,200 Tawerghan IDPs with humanitarian assistance since the beginning of this distribution campaign on 12 May. So far in 2018, UNHCR provided cash assistance to 12,320 IDPs  ( 2,200 families )  throughout Libya and distributed NFIs to 20,276 IDPs and returnees. In the coming weeks, UNHCR is planning to distribute more than 800 shelter kits to the returnee community of Awinia in the Nafusa Mountains.
At the time of data collection, the formal entry and exit points on the roads to Karsa and Martuba were open to civilians only sporadically: roughly twice per week for only an hour or two at a time, depending on the intensity of armed group activity. On 31 May, however, authorities announced that the western road to Al Qubbah had been reopened and cleared of explosive hazards, and that the Karsa gate, located at Derna's western entrance, would be opening regularly from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. to allow families to enter and exit.2 • Informal entry and exit points were largely inaccessible due to armed group activity.
Across most Derna mahallas with IDP populations, 40 50% of IDPs were reportedly being hosted by family or friends  ( in El Bilad and Al Maghar, this percentage rose to 80% ) . An additional 10 40% were renting their own accommodation, with a greater concentration of rental properties in Bab Tubraq, Dheil el Wadi, and El Fataih. • Non displaced Derna residents generally owned their shelters  ( 40 80% across all assessed mahallas ) , with another 10 40% renting their own accommodation
KIs reported widespread shortages of fresh vegetables, fruits, milk and many types of meat. Flour and tomato paste were also subject to localised shortages, though these were least frequent in mahallas with functional markets. Shortages of subsidised flour in particular were observed throughout eastern Libya in April and May due to problems with the central supply.4 All other assessed food items and NFIs were reportedly available, but were considered too expensive to regularly afford.
Cooking fuel and vehicle fuel were almost completely unavailable in Derna. Both could be found only in or near central markets, but had been subject to shortages for more than half of May; the price of cooking fuel had reportedly risen to 120 LYD per litre. On 31 May, the Tobruk city council announced that it was sending three trucks to Derna filled with petrol, diesel and cooking fuel cylinders, though it was unclear to what degree this would meet existing needs.2
• On 29 May, Derna's main water desalination plant, located near the Karsa gate, suspended operations due to nearby clashes and insecurity affecting its staff.8 As a result, the main water network largely stopped functioning throughout the city, except in Sheiha, where the network was fed partly by wells.
Only one hospital in the city of Derna, Al Wahda in Bab Tubraq, continued to function. Since 20 May, however, the hospital has been admitting only urgent cases due to severe shortages of generator fuel and medical supplies, particularly oxygen tanks.6 Starting on 29 May, Al Wahda began to receive its first shipment of medical supplies since March, though it has not yet received enough aid to be able to take on new patients.7 • Medical professionals report continuing shortages of dialysis medication, syringes, oxygen tanks, antibiotics, insulin and generator fuel.
★ Protection • The presence of explosive remnants of war  ( ERW )  was reported in all assessed mahallas. • Landmines were additionally reported along the main roads leading out of Derna, in particular at the city's main entry and exit points. On 30 May, according to reports, an improperly disarmed landmine exploded near the Karsa gate, resulting in civilian casualties. • KIs in all assessed mahallas reported injuries or casualties that could be attributed to explosive hazards, with the highest number in El Fataih.
Priority Needs and Assistance • Among Derna's non displaced population, the top humanitarian needs, as reported by KIs, were safety/security and healthcare: specifically, the reopening of closed hospitals, the resupply of medical items and the offering of a wider array of healthcare services. KIs also cited cash, food and water as areas of significant need. • Needs among IDPs were broadly similar, though the need for shelter was much more acute. • In most mahallas, residents reportedly had a strong preference for cash based interventions. The only exceptions were in As Sahil and Al Maghar, where KIs reported a slight preference for in kind food aid.
As of 31 May 2018, the Libyan Coast Guard rescued/intercepted a total of 6,929 people in different locations along the Libyan coast. 1,756 individuals were rescued/intercepted in May, 1,463 in April and 1,054 in March. Since 1 January 2018, Libyan local authorities have recovered 41 bodies of people who perished while attempting to cross the Mediterranean towards Europe.
From 1 May to 31 May 2018, the United Nations Support Mission in Libya  ( UNSMIL )  documented 101 civilian casualties –47 deaths and 54 injuries – during the conduct of hostilities, including car and suicide bombings, across Libya. The death toll is the highest recorded by UNSMIL for any month in 2018. Victims included 38 men, three women, four boys and two girls killed and 43 men, three women, six boys and three girls injured.
The majority of civilian casualties were caused by shelling  ( 10 deaths and 17 injuries ) , followed by vehicle borne improvised explosive devices  ( VBIED, 11 deaths and six injuries ) , unidentified explosives  ( seven deaths and seven injuries ) , airstrikes  ( 11 injuries ) , followed by gunfire  ( four deaths and four injuries ) , explosive remnants of war  ( ERW, one death and three injuries ) . The exact causes of death or injury could not be established in another 19 cases.
GENEVA/TRIPOLI  UNHCR, the UN Refugee Agency, is shocked and saddened by reports that some 220 people drowned off Libya in recent days while attempting to cross the Mediterranean Sea to Europe
Fighting which engulfed the Libyan capital, Tripoli, since August 26, ended on September 26, leaving 117 dead and 581 injured including many children.
Humanitarian access to Derna is extremely limited. Severe food and medicine shortages continue to worsen. Electricity and water are intermittently cut off for the approximately 125,000 residents. On 29 May, limited medicine was able to reach the city, after persistent UN intervention. On 30 May, tens of families were able to leave Derna through the Kirsa Checkpoint, despite delays. However, this is not enough. There needs to be a general easing of the encirclement of the city and a safe passage for civilians out of the area.
In Bani Walid General Hospital, MSF team supported hospital staff to provide medical care to the 25 people wounded. Among them, 18 suffered from minor injuries and received first aid and dressing and 7 were hospitalized for further care due to severe gunshot wounds and multiple fractures.
Survivors told MSF of at least 15 people were dead and said at least 40 people  ( majority are women )  were left behind. Some of the survivors told to MSF teams that they had been held captive for up to 3 years. Scarred bodies, visible marks of electrical burns, and old infected wounds give an idea as to the ordeal they have suffered. People are traumatized, and the majority are unaccompanied minors.
Under the supervision of local Bani Walid security forces, the survivors were transferred to a security facility inside Bani Walid. The following morning   May 24, they were transferred to detention centers in Tripoli. MSF medical teams in Tripoli are providing medical consultations and 14 severely wounded patients with gunshot injuries and multiples fractures have been referred to hospital.
Since their arrival at the detention centre, 117 individuals have been provided with immediate humanitarian assistance, including medical, hygiene and psychosocial assistance, as well as supplementary feeding, while non food items and other protection interventions are underway. The MMWG will continue to monitor their situation, as well as the situation in Bani Walid, where reportedly hundreds more remain in the captivity of smugglers and traffickers.
During the reporting period, UNHCR continued to implement quick impact projects  ( QIPs )  benefitting IDPs, returnees and host communities. With a view to improve waste management, UNHCR distributed 35 garbage bins in in the towns of Awinia  ( Nafusa Mountains ) , Awal, Sirte, Bani Waleed, Jufra, Gatroon and Ghatt. UNHCR delivered 50 water tanks and 435 school desks to support WASH infrastructure and the education sector in the area. So far in 2018, UNHCR implemented 51 QIPs in different areas in western, eastern and southern Libya. These projects promote peaceful coexistences between those displaced and their host communities, and strengthen the resilience of these communities
UNHCR conducted a protection monitoring visit to Ganfooda detention centre in Benghazi where 53 refugees and migrants are currently detained. UNHCR distributed non food items and identified 32 individuals from Sudan and Ethiopia. UNHCR will continue to monitor their situation and advocate for their release. An estimated 2,400 persons in need of international protection are currently detained in Libya. So far in 2018, a total of 2,085 refugees and asylum seekers in Libya were provided with solutions  ( 476 resettlement submissions to third countries and 1,609 individuals evacuated from Libya ) .
However, the most recent intense fighting took place in Saida Khadija  ( west of Derna city )  which has resulted in the displacement of most of its residents to other neighbourhoods, Al Bayda. Tobruk and Benghazi. Sources report that between 300 – 800 households have displaced, the majority to Tobruk. Also on 22 May, 21 families were displaced from Hay Al Salam neighbourhood to Al Bayda and remain with their relatives who live there. Furthermore, on 21 May reportedly approximately 40 families were displaced to Martuba, where most are sheltering in a school.
Humanitarian access to Derna is severely limited and no humanitarian supplies are reported as entered since mid March. The most urgent needs are in the health sector, however protection concerns for civilians remain serious and the first food shortages are also being reported. Chronic shortages of fuel remain. • The humanitarian community call on all parties to immediately allow safe and unrestricted access to Derna for humanitarian actors and urgently needed humanitarian goods.
On 22 May, armed conflict escalated further in Derna, especially to the west of the city. • Between 300 – 800 households have reportedly been displaced from Saida Khadija neighbourhood in the west as a result of the renewed conflict. A further 60 families have also been displaced from other neighbourhoods. • There are periodic closures of checkpoints and therefore people are not always able to enter and exit Derna, restricting their movement. •
On 20 May, the hospital in Derna city announced that it would only be able to admit urgent life threatening cases due to the ongoing shortages of basic medical supplies including syringes and oxygen tanks as well as medical staff, many being unable to travel to the hospital due to insecurity. Prior to this, the hospital was forced to close the pediatric ward and women's health unit on 17 May.
In April 2018, International Medical Corps  ( IMC )  conducted activities in primary health care and provided referrals for patients under two different grants funded by OFDA and UNHCR. In April 2018, IMC delivered primary health care services to 3710 migrants in ten detention centers in 7 districts. IMC provides medical care in the two static community development centers located inTripoli, Tajoura, Zawiyah and Misurata. For IDPs, IMC mobile medical teams provide medical care within the local polyclinics and inside the IDP camps for the host communities and IDPs in Tripoli, Misurata and Sabha.
Despite the political instability which ensued the two civil wars in Libya in 2011 and 2014 persists, more than 700,000 refugees and migrants are in Libya today. They are among the most vulnerable population groups in the country with grave protection concerns reported both in detention and in urban areas. Some of these include arbitrary detention, systematic exploitation and kidnapping by militia groups. In this context, and in the backdrop of a rise in arrivals from Libya through the Central Mediterranean Sea route to Italy since 2016, the European Union and its member states have put in place a number of measures with the United Nations backed Government of National Accord in Libya in order to stem the flow of refugees and migrants towards Italy.
UNHCR, the UN Refugee Agency, is deeply saddened at the latest tragedy in the Mediterranean Sea. On 29 June, at least 100 people died after a boat carrying around 123 refugees and migrants sank off the coast of Tajoura in Libya.
The humanitarian community in Libya is perturbed by the continued lack of humanitarian access and subsequent assistance into Derna despite repeated requests. Humanitarian actors have not been allowed to deliver life saving assistance to Derna such as supplies to support medical facilities and other basic services as well as to provide food and non food items to those in need. Shortages in medicine and medical supplies are reaching critical levels and the first food shortages are being reported.
While migration to Libya gained prominence with the rise of refugee and migrant1 sea arrivals in Italy since 2011 and, more significantly, since 2014, migration to the country is nothing new. Libya has been an attractive destination for refugees and migrants from North and West Africa since the 1970s and 2000s respectively with many coming to work in construction or agriculture. At the same time, before the outbreak of the civil wars in 2011 and 2014, Libya was also a destination for refugees and migrants in the region, a relatively safe and economically stable hub close to the Middle East. While refugees' and migrants' situation in the country had been precarious already before, the political instability that ensued the fall of Ghaddafi and the two civil wars exacerbated the difficult situation for refugees and migrants in the country.2 While Libya is a signatory to the 1969 OAU  ( Organisation of African Unity )  Convention, it has not ratified the 1951 Refugee Convention and only individuals of seven designated refugee producing countries can register as persons of concern with UNHCR in parts of Libya.3 The majority of refugees and migrants do not have access to residence permits,4 putting them at acute risk of detention for irregular stay.
The most prominent smuggling hubs recorded in early 2017, namely Tripoli and Bani Waleed, were reported to be still functioning in April 2018. However, in addition to those, respondents reported an increase in smuggling hubs in the east of the country, mostly around the areas of Ejdabia, Sirte and Tobruk. This was reportedly due to two main reasons. First, respondents reported that the rise in coast guard controls along the western coast, coupled with an increased crackdown on refugees and migrants in the cities of Tripoli and Bani Waleed, had led to a diversification of transit and exit points along the coast. Second, the stabilisation of the region around Sirt after the defeat of armed groups in 2017 reportedly made the eastern region more accessible and the coastal road through Sirt useable for smugglers.
Along the eastern coast, in the area between Tobruk, Ejdabia and Sirt, respondents reported several places where refugees and migrants were held in locations outside urban centres, waiting to be transferred to warehouses and locations closer to the coast. Refugees and migrants were reportedly held in abandoned farms, warehouses and locations which did not have phone reception, to minimise the risk of being found by police. Ejdabia in particular was reported to be a re emerging smuggling hub, after having decreased in importance in 2016
Refugees and migrants mainly transiting through Libya were all found along the coast.18 Most reported that their living situation was poor, as they were staying in often overcrowded shelters with no electricity, waiting to be transferred by smugglers to the beach. However, as they only intended to stay for short time in the country, they did not intend to invest into paying for better and safer accommodation as their priority was to leave the country as quickly as possible. Having been in Libya for only a short time, respondents could not compare their living situation in the country over time.
Refugees and migrants who were in Libya for work with no reported intention to travel onward to Italy were mostly found in urban hubs or places known for agricultural production. Respondents were particularly found in cities, which have a history of being a destination for migrant workers from neighbouring countries, notably major urban hubs, such as Misrata and Tripoli, and cities closer to neighbouring countries, which have historically been popular destinations for circular labour migration.19 This includes the city of Ejdabia, a traditional destination for Sudanese and Egyptian migrant workers along the eastern coast and the southern cities of Sebha and Alkufra, particularly popular among circular migrant workers from West Africa, including Nigeriens, Chadians and Malians. The majority of them had arrived in Libya more than one year ago.
For instance, in the context of armed clashes in the southwestern city of Sabha between Awlad Sleiman and Tabu tribal armed groups and their allies, the Sabha Medical Centre, the largest and best equipped hospital in the region, was shelled or hit by stray bullets on at least 15 occasions between 6 February 2018 and 1 May 2018. The hospital is located in the area of Qurda, about three kilometres away from the base of the 6th Brigade armed group  ( mainly composed of fighters from the Awlad Sleiman tribe ) , which exposes it to crossfire between armed groups, when they use unguided weapons including mortars in densely populated areas.
On 6 December, UNHCR evacuated 133 refugees and asylum seekers from the newly opened Gathering and Departure Facility  ( GDF )  in Tripoli to the Emergency Transit Mechanism  ( ETM )  in Niger. All of the evacuees were previously detained in Libyan detention centres and hosted in the GDF prior to their departure. The GDF is the first of its kind in the country and is intended to bring vulnerable refugees to a safe environment while solutions including resettlement, family reunification, or evacuation to other emergency facilities are sought for them. The facility is managed by UNHCR, partner LibAid and the Libyan Ministry of Interior, and is one of a range of measures needed to offer viable alternatives to detention and to the dangerous journeys undertaken by refugees and migrants. Since November 2017, UNHCR evacuated 2,609 refugees and asylum seekers including 2,202 to Niger, 312 to Italy and 95 to Romania.
As the escalation of armed conflict intensified on 15 May, there are unconfirmed reports of six civilian deaths, including one child, and 14 injured, as well as at least 47 casualties among armed forces. Damage to civilian homes as a result of airstrikes is also reported. The armed conflict is reportedly approaching the populated areas and Derna city itself, particularly from the south.
It is reported that people are able to enter and exit Derna, but checkpoints and roadblocks are in place. In previous escalations, such as in October 2017, residential areas were hit and civilian casualties occurred. Delays in the evacuation of casualties; delays at checkpoints for urgent medical referrals; attacks on medical personnel and facilities and general movement restrictions have also been reported in the past, hampering people's access to basic services, markets outside of Derna and financial services.
Civilians in Derna continue to face difficulties accessing cash and black market prices for basic commodities are beyond the means of many. While Derna has seen restrictions on movement into the city and disruptions of supplies to varying degrees over the past three years, the current situation exacerbates the impact on the city's civilian population.
Thousands of people who fled ongoing violence said their children's schooling was a major factor in their decision to return.
Migrants are subject to arbitrary detention, arrest, harassment, bonded labour, slavery, and sexual exploitation.
Prior to the latest escalation, humanitarian actors continued to provide urgent medical supplies and other items to support the health facilities in and around Derna, including supplies to deal with casualty situations, when allowed entry. It is reported that the health facilities in Derna have difficulty coping with the ongoing situation. Medical facilities outside of Derna  ( Al Quba, Tobruk, Tokra, and Benghazi, among others )  are on a higher state of alertness to receive casualties.
Electricity and garbage disposal were the two most cited public services available  ( see Figure 26 ) . 76 baladiyas reported the availability of electricity and 69 baladiyas reported the presence of garbage disposal services. 64 baladiyas reported having a water supply network. Sewage treatment and public infrastructure repairs however appeared to be much less prevalent with only 16 and 2 baladiyas reporting them respectively.
As a result of armed clashes in Sebha, 80 households  ( approximately 400 individuals )  have been displaced to private and public buildings in the center of the city, with a further 60 households  ( 300 individuals )  displaced to the Baladiya of Murzuq.
UNICEF's education in emergency programme in Libya focuses on increasing access to quality emergency education through non formal/formal education and establishment of mobile classes in conflict affected areas. During the reporting period, 1,410 children  ( 732 girls and 678 boys )  children accessed catch up classes and recreational activities in Benghazi and southern parts of Libya through local partners Ekraa, Breezes and the Libyan Association for Youth and Development. Additionally, 51  ( 23 girls and 28 boys )  pre school aged children accessed classes in Benghazi through UNICEF's partner, Breezes.
Tensions have remained high in Sebha due to continuing clashes between forces aligned to the Awlad Suleiman and Tebu tribes which has impacted residential areas of the city as well as key infrastructure. In addition, reports of abductions of both nationals and foreigners from oilfields in the Libyan desert continued during the reporting period. Security operations by Tripoli affiliated groups in Zawiyah and surrounding regions have resulted in fighting between competing armed groups and the prolonged closure of the coastal highway to Tunisia, though this has now reopened and the situation appears to have stabilized for the short term
In April 2018 alone, the Libyan Coast Guard intercepted 1,485 women, men and children at sea and brought them back to Libya, with recent interceptions in May the total number of those intercepted and brought back to Libya reaches 6,340 this year, according to UNHCR.
Italy and other European countries have provided the Libyan Coast Guard with equipment, including at least four speedboats, as well as with training and other forms of support. In early 2018, the Italian Coast Guard started handing over the coordination of rescue operations in international waters near Libya to the Libyan Coast Guard – a move only made possible by support provided by Italian Navy ships and personnel stationed in Libya.
The Libyan National Army  ( LNA )  under Hiftar's command, has enforced a siege on the city of 150,000 since August 2016, to drive out the Derna Mujahideen Shura Council,  ( DMSC ) , an armed group with an Islamist ideology that has controlled Derna since the ouster of the Islamic State  ( also known as ISIS )  in April 2016. The group, headed by Attia al Shaeri, recently renamed itself the Derna Protection Force. On May 3, LNA fighters opened a ground attack south of the city, two Derna residents told Human Rights Watch by phone.
Since the outbreak in 2014 of conflicts around the country, initially three, then two, rival governments have claimed legitimacy. The United Nations backed Government of National Accord  ( GNA ) , based in Tripoli, controls parts of western Libya in addition to the capital. A rival, the Interim Government, based in the eastern cities of al Bayda and Tobruk, controls much of eastern Libya, with the exception of Derna, and parts of the south. The Interim Government is linked with the House of Representatives and the LNA.
About 800 migrants in a government run center in western Libya are being detained in worsening conditions without sufficient food or water, Doctors without Borders  ( MSF )  said.
The EU and Italy are also supporting Libya's coastguard to intercept more migrants, a policy criticized by activists who say they are being returned to inhumane conditions in Libya.
Islamic State said in a statement it had carried out the suicide attack. Islamist militants have staged several attacks targeting security forces at checkpoints in desert areas surrounding the oil crescent in recent months.
Two people were killed and four wounded in a car bombing claimed by Islamic State at a checkpoint west of Libya's biggest oil ports on Tuesday, a senior security official said.
On 11 May, clashes in Sebha city between members of the Tebu and Awlad Suleiman communities re escalated after a temporary ceasefire had been negotiated. Heavy and indiscriminate weaponry is being used in populated areas. • As a result of the clashes, there have been multiple casualties among fighters and civilians, with unconfirmed reports of at least three civilian deaths, including one young girl and a sixty year old man. • The city is facing a shortage of medical personnel, essential medicines and medical supplies, and the Sebha blood bank is now requesting urgent blood donations.