nlp-thedeep/humsetbias huggingface dataset:
Desert locust upsurge: Ddesert locusts are mainly concentrated in the North and breeding is underway, supported by the recent rains received from Cyclone Gati and the xays. However, immature groups and swarms have also been reported in pastoral areas of Mudug and Galguduud, Shabelle riverine areas, and as far south as Bay, Gedo, and the Jubas as the southward winds encourage migration toward Kenya. Government led control operations have scaled up in an effort to mitigate the situation, with the number of treated hectares  ( ha )  rising three fold since October to nearly 54,000 ha in January
WATER, SANITATION & HYGIENE  ( WASH )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Proportion of households of IDP settlements reporting not having sufficient water for the following purposes were Not enough water for cooking, bathing, washing, and other domestic uses  ( 17% ) , Not enough water for domestic purposes only  ( 41% ) ,Not enough water for personal hygiene only  ( 51% ) .
[ WATER, SANITATION & HYGIENE  ( WASH )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Proportion of households of non IDP settlements reporting not having sufficient water for the following purposes were Not enough water for cooking, bathing, washing, and other domestic uses ( 34% ) , Not enough water for domestic purposes only  ( 10% ) ,Not enough water for personal hygiene only  ( 79% ) .
[ SHELTER & NON FOOD ITEMS  ( SNFI )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ] The main drivers of shelter & NFI LSGs were found to be Households without access to a safe and healthy housing enclosure unit  ( 17% ) , Households whose shelter solutions do not meet agreed technical and performance standards  ( 49% ) , Households without access to vital household NFIs  ( 78% ) .
Agricultural production: Given weather and desert locust shocks, combined with localized disruptions to cultivation due to conflict and insecurity, the main season  ( January 2021 )  and off season  ( March 2021 )  deyr cereal harvest in south central Somalia is below average.
[ SHELTER & NON FOOD ITEMS  ( SNFI )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  96% of IDP settlement and 85% of non IDP settlement households found with a Shelter and non food items Living Standard Gaps  ( LSG ) .
[ EDUCATION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Three most commonly reported reasons why children stopped attending school since the outbreak were Schools have closed  ( 92% ) , Lack transportation to schools due to COVID 19  ( 8% ) , Parents prefer that children stay home  ( 8% ) .
[ NUTRITION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Among households of both IDP and non IDP settlements with children , 13% households reporting having access to mobile nutrition team able to assess for malnutrition in the 6 months prior to data collection.
COVID 19 school closure further exacerbated these issues – the closures are estimated to have affected 1.1 million children enrolled in the schools across the country from March to August 2020, impacting not only their learning but also their wellbeing.
[ PROTECTION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  2% and 10% of households of IDP settlement and Non IDP settlement reported gender based violence  ( GBV )  related incidents against anybody in their community in the 30 days prior to data collection.
Macroeconomic conditions: In late 2020, available information from the World Bank indicated a rebound in economic activity in Somalia following the lifting of containment measures domestically. Economic growth is also bolstered by an increase in remittances inflows to middle and better off households and businesses, while lower fuel prices are reducing household and business expenditures, given Somalia has some of the highest prices of electricity in the world.
[ Accountability to Affected Populations ]  58% of households reported having at least one member who could not read or write.
[ NUTRITION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Three most commonly reported types of nutrition barriers reported by households with children were: Unaware that supplements are available  ( 39% ) , Unaware that services are available  ( 36% ) , Facilities too far to travel to ( 32% ) .
[ SHELTER & NON FOOD ITEMS  ( SNFI )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  74% of the household found with Shelter and Non food items ( SNFI )  living Standard Gap  ( LSG ) . 13% found to be very extreme, 61% severe and 26% stress.
[ WATER, SANITATION & HYGIENE  ( WASH )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Most commonly reported coping mechanisms used to deal with limited availability of water by household of Non  IDP settlement were Rely on less preferred  ( unimproved/untreated )  water sources for drinking water  ( 30% ) , Rely on surface water for drinking water  ( 18% ) .
[ Accountability to Affected Populations ]  10% of households reported having received aid in the 30 days prior to data collection.
[ EDUCATION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  33% of the households of IDP settlements reported that it takes less than 15 minutes to reach to the nearest education facility while 33% and 8% of the households of IDP settlements reported it takes 15 30 minutes and 30 60minutes to reach to the nearest education facility respectively. Only 2% of the households of IDP settlements reported that it takes more than 3 hours to reach to the nearest education facility.
[ NUTRITION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Among households of IDP settlements with children , 25% households reporting having access to mobile nutrition team able to assess for malnutrition in the 6 months prior to data collection . While among households of non IDP settlements with children , 15% households reporting having access to mobile nutrition team able to assess for malnutrition in the 6 months prior to data collection.
[ Accountability to Affected Populations ]  14% of households reported having experienced barriers in accessing aid in the 30 days prior to data collection. Among those households, the most commonly reported barriers were lack of information  ( 67% ) , exclusion by camp managers/ gatekeepers  ( 29% ) , insecurity on route to points of aid distribution  ( 15% ) .
[ SHELTER & NON FOOD ITEMS  ( SNFI )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  95% of IDP settlement and 70% of non IDP settlement households found with a Shelter and non food items Living Standard Gaps  ( LSG ) .
The intensification of an existing trade embargo imposed by Al Shabaab since November 2020 has led to a sharp increase in imported commodities like rice, wheat, and sugar in the Sorghum Belt regions, including Bay, Bakool and Hiran regions. In these areas, most of the above commodities have significantly  ( 31 45 percent )  increased compared to last year and the recent five year averages.
[ PROTECTION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ] : 17% of IDP settlement and 25% of non IDP settlement households found with a Protection Living Standard Gaps  ( LSG ) .
[ NUTRITION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  34% of the households of IDP settlements reported that it takes less than 15 minutes to reach to the nearest nutrition facility while 43%, 17% of the households of IDP settlements reported it takes 15 30 minutes, 1  hours to reach to the nearest nutrition facility respectively.
[ EDUCATION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ] 40% of the households of non IDP settlements reported that it takes less than 15 minutes to reach to the nearest education facility while 27% and 9% of the households of non IDP settlements reported it takes 15 30 minutes and 30 60minutes to reach to the nearest education facility respectively. Only 2% of the households of IDP settlements reported that it takes 1 3 hours to reach to the nearest education facility.
[ Accountability to Affected Populations ]  Top three most commonly reported priority needs: Shelter  ( 67% ) , Food  ( 37% ) , Healthcare  ( 35% ) .
[ EDUCATION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  31% of the households of IDP settlements reported that it takes less than 15 minutes to reach to the nearest education facility while 22% and 16% of the households of IDP settlements reported it takes 15 30 minutes and 30 60minutes to reach to the nearest education facility respectively. Only 3% of the households of IDP settlements reported that it takes 1 3 hours to reach to the nearest education facility.
[ MUTLI SECTORAL NEEDS ]  100% of the households found with Multi sectoral needs. 22% found to be extremely severe, 55% extreme, 23% severe.
[ SHELTER & NON FOOD ITEMS  ( SNFI )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  98% of IDP settlement and 91% of non IDP settlement households found with a Shelter and non food items Living Standard Gaps  ( LSG ) .
[ NUTRITION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  38% of the households of non IDP settlements reported that it takes less than 15 minutes to reach to the nearest nutrition facility while 35%, 22% of the households of non IDP settlements reported it takes 15 30 minutes, 30 60minutes to reach to the nearest nutrition facility respectively.
[ HEALTH LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  18% of the household found with health living Standard Gap  ( LSG ) . 2% found to be very extremely severe, 1% extreme severe, 15% severe, 2% stress, 80% no or minimal.
[ Accountability to Affected Populations ]  48% of households reported having at least one member who could not read or write
In 2019, 64 attacks on education facilities were reported, with incidents including killings, abduction and threats against teachers, destruction, and looting.
Displacement related to flooding, conflict, and insecurity have contributed to lower crop production in Hiiraan and Middle and Lower Shabelle, further exacerbating food insecurity across many parts of Somalia.
[ HEALTH LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Five most commonly reported illnesses or injuries household members of non IDP settlements had in the past two weeks prior to data collection were fever ( 1% ) , diarrhea ( 3% ) , cough with fast or difficult breathing ( 2% ) , skin infections ( 1% )  and eye infections ( 1% )
[ HEALTH LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  The highest percentage of households per Health LSG severity score, per population group for IDP settlement was 77% for No or minimal and lowest was 1% for Extreme+. Similarly highest percentage of households per Health LSG severity score, per population group for Non IDP settlement was 81% for No or minimal and lowest was 1% for Extreme .
[ PROTECTION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  The main driver of protection LSGs was found to be Households reporting having experienced movement restrictions in the 30 days prior to data collection  ( 11% ) .In addition, the other critical indicator feeding into the LSG was: Households reporting at least one member has experienced a safety and security incident in the 30 days prior to data collection  ( 0.2% )
The prevalence of acute malnutrition has slightly improved but is similar to the 2020 gu and 2019 deyr. According to 34 SMART surveys conducted in November and December 2020 by FSNAU  [ Food Security and Nutrition Analysis Unit ]  and partners, the median prevalence of Global Acute Malnutrition  ( GAM )  as measured by weight for height z score  ( WHZ )  remains Serious  ( 10 14.9 percent GAM WHZ )  at 11.5 percent, which is comparable to levels observed in the 2020 gu  ( 11.8 percent )  and the 2019 deyr  ( 13.1 percent ) .
Over 20 percent of the population in Coastal Deeh Pastoral and Fishing livelihood zone in northeastern and central Somalia is in Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  or worse, and food assistance has not been large scale enough to prevent food consumption gaps. In this area [ In Guban Pastoral, Northern Inland Pastoral, and East Golis Pastoral livelihood zones ] , some households have few to zero livestock and are destitute after losing their herds to past droughts and Cyclone Gati.
[ General household information ]  Two most common sources of COVID  19 information, as reported by households were Health worker at health facility  ( 84% )  and Settlement leaders  ( 37% ) .
[ NUTRITION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Three most commonly reported types of nutrition barriers reported by households with children were: Unaware that supplements are available  ( 23% ) , Unaware that services are available  ( 42% ) , Facilities too far to travel to ( 21% ) .
[ PROTECTION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  The main driver of protection LSGs was found to be Households reporting having experienced movement restrictions in the 30 days prior to data collection  ( 2% ) .
In Guban Pastoral, Northern Inland Pastoral, and East Golis Pastoral livelihood zones, where imported rice and water prices have risen and household income from other traditionally important sources has declined – including livestock exports, remittances, fishing, and frankincense exports – food assistance has likely prevented Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  outcomes.
[ SHELTER & NON FOOD ITEMS  ( SNFI )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  76% of the household found with Shelter and Non food items ( SNFI )  living Standard Gap  ( LSG ) . 3% found to be extreme+, 11% extreme, 62% severe and 24% stress.
[ EDUCATION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Three most commonly reported reasons why children stopped attending school since the outbreak were: Schools have closed  ( 95% ) , Lack transportation to schools due to COVID 19  ( 14% ) , Parents prefer that children stay home  ( 19% ) .
[ PROTECTION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  2% of both households of both IDP settlements and Non IDP settlement respectively reported their property or possessions were damaged or stolen in the 30 days prior to data collection.
[ PROTECTION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ] 78% and 73% of households of IDP settlements and Non IDP settlement reported no child friendly spaces in their community.
[ HEALTH LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  60% of Households of non IDP settlements have not been able to access healthcare facilities in the six months prior to data collection while 38% of Households of non IDP settlements have been able to access healthcare facilities in the six months prior to data collection.
[ General household information ]  Two most common sources of COVID  19 information, as reported by households were Health worker at health facility  ( 80% )  and Settlement leaders  ( 22% ) .
Southern Inland Pastoral of Gedo and Hawd Pastoral of Hiiraan are Stressed  ( IPC Phase 2 ) , with some households in Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 ) . Livestock health and saleability in these areas have declined due to the impacts of locally poor rainfall performance and damage from desert locust on pasture and browse availability.
[ PROTECTION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  17% of IDP settlement and 11% of non  IDP settlement were with a protection LSG
[ SHELTER & NON FOOD ITEMS  ( SNFI )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ] The main drivers of shelter & NFI LSGs were found to be Households without access to a safe and healthy housing enclosure unit  ( 8% ) , Households whose shelter solutions do not meet agreed technical and performance standards  ( 25% ) , Households without access to vital household NFIs  ( 69% ) .
[ NUTRITION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  12% of the households of IDP settlements reported that it takes less than 15 minutes to reach to the nearest nutrition facility while 35% and 52% of the households of IDP settlements reported it takes 15 30 minutes and 30 60minutes to reach to the nearest nutrition facility respectively. Only 2% of the households of IDP settlements reported that it takes 1 3 hours to reach to the nearest nutrition facility.
[ Displacement ]  Top three reported reasons for leaving previous location were Drought  ( 45% ) , Lack of livelihood opportunities/job  ( 28% ) , Lack of food ( not drought related )   ( 25% ) .
[ HEALTH LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Three most commonly reported problems encountered when accessing health services or treatment: Cost of services and/or medicine was too high  ( 26% ) , Have not tried to access medical services  ( 22% )  and the treatment centre was too far away ( 11% ) .
[ General household information ] Two most commonly reported preferred sources through to receive information about COVID 19 were Radio classes  ( 44% )  and SMS  ( 37% ) .
Based on FEWS NET's  [ Famine Early Warning Systems Network ]  integrated price projections for Qoryoley, Baidoa, and Hargeysa reference markets, the price of a kilogram of sorghum or maize is expected to range from near average to 18 percent above the respective five year averages through September 2021.
[ WATER, SANITATION & HYGIENE  ( WASH )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Most commonly reported coping mechanisms used to deal with limited availability of water by household of IDP settlement were Rely on less preferred  ( unimproved/untreated )  water sources for drinking water  ( 41% ) , Rely on surface water for drinking water  ( 26% ) .
Livestock body conditions are expected to vary regionally, driven by local rainfall and vegetation conditions. During the jilaal dry season, adequate dry pasture and browse availability in southern central areas and northern coastal areas will most likely sustain normal livestock body conditions. However, livestock in rainfall deficit areas with below normal pasture and water availability, especially in the North and Gedo, are likely to exhibit deterioration.
[ PROTECTION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  2% of both households of IDP settlements and Non IDP settlement reported gender based violence  ( GBV )  related incidents against anybody in their community in the 30 days prior to data collection.
Imported food prices are expected to remain near average in most markets with a stable to declining trend amid adequate global supply. However, imported food prices are expected to be above average in the Northeast due to depreciation of the SOS  [ Somalia Shilling ] , which is linked to the printing of new money and reduced US dollar inflows from livestock exports.
[ NUTRITION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  44% of the households of IDP settlements reported that it takes less than 15 minutes to reach to the nearest nutrition facility while 33%, 14% and 9%of the households of IDP settlements reported it takes 15 30 minutes, 30 60minutes and 1 3 hours to reach to the nearest nutrition facility respectively.
[ HEALTH LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  25% of IDP settlement and 29% of non IDP settlement households found with a health Living Standard Gaps  ( LSG ) .
[ WATER, SANITATION & HYGIENE  ( WASH )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Most commonly reported coping mechanisms used to deal with limited availability of water by household of IDP settlement were Rely on less preferred  ( unimproved/untreated )  water sources for drinking water  ( 22% ) , Rely on surface water for drinking water  ( 17% ) .
[ SHELTER & NON FOOD ITEMS  ( SNFI )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  90% of IDP settlement and 87% of non IDP settlement households found with a Shelter and non food items Living Standard Gaps  ( LSG ) .
[ HEALTH LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  The highest percentage of households per Health LSG severity score, per population group for IDP settlement was 74% for no or minimal and lowest was 4% for extreme. Similary highest percentage of households per Health LSG severity score, per population group for Non IDP settlement was 78% for no or minimal and lowest was 0% for stress.
[ NUTRITION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  The highest percentage of households per Nutrition LSG severity score, per population group for IDP settlement was 43% for stress and lowest was 3% for no or minimal. Similarly highest percentage of households per Nutrition LSG severity score, per population group for Non IDP settlement was 50% for stress and lowest was 2% for no or minimal.
[ WATER, SANITATION & HYGIENE  ( WASH )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Most commonly reported problems related to accessing sanitation facilities by households of IDP settlement were Lack of sanitation facilities  ( latrines/toilets )  / facilities too crowded  ( 25% ) ,Sanitation facilities  ( latrines/toilets )  are not functioning or full  ( 14% ) .
[ SHELTER & NON FOOD ITEMS  ( SNFI )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  39% of Households of IDP settlements reported a lack of documentation proving their occupancy status while 32% of Households of non IDP settlements reported a lack of documentation proving their occupancy status.
[ EDUCATION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  89% of IDP settlement and 85% of non IDP settlement households found with a Education Living Standard Gaps  ( LSG ) .
The prevalence of acute malnutrition is also likely to rise, driven by reduced food and milk intake and seasonal and long term factors. Based on nutrition experts' analysis of current GAM  [ Global Acute Malnutrition ]  prevalence and historical trends, GAM is expected to increase from Serious  ( 10 14.9 percent GAM WHZ )  to Critical  ( 15 29.9 percent GAM WHZ )  in rural livelihood zones in Bay and Hiiraan and central Hawd Pastoral livelihood zone. Meanwhile, deterioration to Serious levels is anticipated in Coastal Deeh Pastoral and Fishing, Guban Pastoral, and northern agropastoral areas.
Due to water shortages, water trucking began earlier in the jilaal season than normal in Qardho and Bandarbeyla districts of Bari and Dangorayo of Nugaal. Consequently, the average price of a 20  liter jerry can of water in rural reference markets  ( Dhahar, Garadag, Rako, Sarmanyo, Sinujiif, and Xudun )  in January was SOS  [ Somalia Shilling ]  5,250 per jerrycan, which is almost double the price recorded in December and 83 percent above January 2020. However, the price is only seven percent above the five year average, given recurrent drought since 2016.
[ SHELTER & NON FOOD ITEMS  ( SNFI )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  91% of IDP settlement and 70% of non IDP settlement households found with a Shelter and non food items Living Standard Gaps  ( LSG ) .
[ WATER, SANITATION & HYGIENE  ( WASH )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Most commonly reported barriers to accessing water were water points are too far  ( 11% ) , Water points are difficult to reach  ( especially for people with disabilities )   ( 11% ) , insufficient number of water points / waiting time at water points ( 9% ) .
[ CAPACITY GAP  ( CG )  ]  13% of households were found to have at least one Protection Living Standard Gaps  ( LSG )  and/or a Capacity Gap  ( CG ) . 12% of households were found to have a Living Standard Gaps ( LSG )  in protection but no Capacity Gap  ( CG )  in protection, 1% of households were found to have both a Living Standard Gaps ( LSG )  in protection and a Capacity Gap  ( CG )  in protection, 87% of households were found to have no protection Living Standard Gaps ( LSG )  but a Capacity Gap  ( CG )  in protection.
[ CAPACITY GAP  ( CG )  ]  92% of households were found to have at least one Education Living Standard Gaps ( LSG )  and/or a Capacity Gap  ( CG ) . 85% of households were found to have an Living Standard Gaps ( LSG )  in education but no capacity gap in education. 7% of households were found to have both an Living Standard Gaps ( LSG )  in education and a capacity gap in education. 8% of households were found to have no education Living Standard Gaps ( LSG )  but a capacity gap in education.
[ PROTECTION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  86% and 87% of households of IDP settlements and Non IDP settlement reported no awareness of medical, legal, or psychological services to address incidents of GBV.
Urban areas: Urban households will also be sensitive to the expected increase in local cereal prices before the gu harvest in July. Finally, conflict and insecurity will remain a primary factor affecting food access in urban areas of south central Somalia, where disruptions to trade and livelihood activities place upward pressure on food prices and interfere with access to income.
[ SHELTER & NON FOOD ITEMS  ( SNFI )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Three most commonly reported types shelter damage or defects reported by households were Opening or cracks in roof  ( 17% )  , Some cracks in some walls  ( 12% ) , Broken or cracked windows  ( 17% ) .
[ PROTECTION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Most commonly reported areas in the community where girls and/or women do not feel safe were: On the way to markets  ( 10% ) , In shelters  ( 78% ) , at water points ( 12% ) .
[ EDUCATION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  The most commonly reported preferred types of remote learning modalities were: school textbooks  ( 89% )  and reading materials ( storybooks )   ( 38% )  and Basic writing materials  ( pen, paper,  ( 65% )
[ EDUCATION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  The most commonly reported preferred types of remote learning modalities were: Basic writing materials ( pen, paper )   ( 81% ) , school textbooks  ( 75% )  and reading materials ( storybooks )   ( 27% )
[ EDUCATION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  The most commonly reported types of education facilities attended were Primary mixed school for boys and girls  ( 52% ) , Quranic school for boys  ( 11% ) , Quranic school for girls  ( 11% )  and Secondary mixed school for boys and girls  ( 9% ) .
[ WATER, SANITATION & HYGIENE  ( WASH )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ] The main drivers of WASH LSGs were found to be: Households without access to an improved water source  ( 44% ) , Households without access to sufficient quantity of drinking water  ( 6% ) , Households without access to soap at home  ( 32% ) , Households without access to a functional and improved sanitation facility  ( 72% )
[ WATER, SANITATION & HYGIENE  ( WASH )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Most commonly reported problems related to accessing sanitation facilities by households of non  IDP settlement were Lack of sanitation facilities  ( latrines/toilets )  / facilities too crowded  ( 24% ) ,Sanitation facilities  ( latrines/toilets )  are not functioning or full  ( 18% ) .
[ WATER, SANITATION & HYGIENE  ( WASH )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Proportion of households of IDP settlements reporting not having sufficient water for the following purposes were Not enough water for cooking, bathing, washing, and other domestic uses  ( 43% ) , Not enough water for domestic purposes only  ( 12% ) ,Not enough water for personal hygiene only  ( 82% ) .
[ WATER, SANITATION & HYGIENE  ( WASH )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Proportion of households of non IDP settlements reporting not having sufficient water for the following purposes were Not enough water for cooking, bathing, washing, and other domestic uses ( 50% ) , Not enough water for domestic purposes only  ( 7% ) ,Not enough water for personal hygiene only  ( 86% ) .
[ WATER, SANITATION & HYGIENE  ( WASH )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ] The main drivers of WASH LSGs were found to be: • Households without access to an improved water source  ( 58% )  • Households without access to sufficient quantity of drinking water  ( 7% )  • Households without access to soap at home  ( 31% )  • Households without access to a functional and improved sanitation facility  ( 64% )
[ WATER, SANITATION & HYGIENE  ( WASH )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  90% of IDP settlement and 89% of non IDP settlement households found with a WASH Living Standard Gaps  ( LSG ) .
[ PROTECTION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  15% of the households found with Protection living Standard Gap  ( LSG ) . 1% found to be extreme severe, 1% extreme, 13% severe, 40% stress, 45% no or minimal.
[ PROTECTION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  3% and 1% of households of IDP settlements and Non IDP settlement reported areas in their community where boys or men do not feel safe.
[ PRE EXISTING VULNERABILITIES ]  10% households with a vulnerable primary income earner.
[ PROTECTION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  65% and 63% of households of IDP settlements and Non IDP settlement reported no awareness of medical, legal, or psychological services to address incidents of GBV.
According to the Food Security Cluster, food assistance reached 23 percent of the population on average from October to December and 24 percent in January. The proportion of the population reached was highest in Sanaag and Sool, and it is expected assistance reached more than 25 percent of the population in these regions.
[ HEALTH LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Five most commonly reported illnesses or injuries household members of IDP settlements had in the past two weeks prior to data collection were fever ( 8% ) , Diarrhea  ( 6% ) , Cough with fast or difficult breathing  ( 4% ) , skin infections  ( 1% ) , eye infections  ( 1% ) .
[ PROTECTION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Most commonly reported areas in the community where boys or men do not feel safe were when leaving settlement/town  ( 26%  ) , In the markets  ( 32% ) , on the way ro markets  ( 43% ) .
Based on analysis of price data collected in Ceerigabo, FEWS NET  [ Famine Early Warning Systems Network ]  projects that the price of a local quality goat will range from 30 to 45 percent above the five year average, peaking near SOS 2,108,000 during Ramadan and Hajj, when demand is highest. Price dynamics will also be driven by persistently low livestock supply and the impact of the below average gu rains on livestock body conditions and value
[ HEALTH LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  17% of the household found with health living Standard Gap  ( LSG ) . 5% found to be very extremely+ severe, 6% extreme severe, 6% severe, 4% stress, 79% no or minimal.
[ SHELTER & NON FOOD ITEMS  ( SNFI )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Three most commonly reported types of shelter enclosure issues reported by households were Leaks during heavy rain  ( 45% ) , Leaks during light rain  ( 34% ) , Lack of insulation from cold  ( 21% ) .
In coastal Bari region, however, Cyclone Gati brought heavy rain and flash floods in late November, which caused the loss of life and livestock, destroyed berkads  ( rainwater tanks )  and fishing equipment, and damaged health facilities and roads. Many livestock were already weakened after the below average gu rains, and they either drowned or died to hypothermia. Further, desert locust swarms are outpacing state government and FAO  [ Food and Agriculture Organization ]  control operations and depleting pasture and spoiling water resources
[ MUTLI SECTORAL NEEDS ]  The 99% households found to have an overall MSNI of 3 and above, this score was most commonly driven by extreme LSGs in WASH, Education, SNFI AND Nutrition  ( 17% ) , followed by WASH, Education AND SNFI  ( 15% ) , or WASH, Education, SNFI, Nutrition AND Food security  ( 12% ) .
Driven by recent reductions in food intake, poor access to clean water, and chronic issues such as poor WASH services and low immunization coverage, FSNAU's  [ Food Security and Nutrition Analysis Unit ]  December 2020 assessment of global acute malnutrition by WHZ identified a 5.1 percent prevalence in Coastal Deeh Pastoral, which is indicative of Alert  ( GAM WHZ 5 9.9 percent ) . This is consistent with the Alert levels recorded bi annually since the 2018 gu.
[ Accountability to Affected Populations ] 10% of households reported having experienced barriers in accessing aid in the 30 days prior to data collection. Among those households, the most commonly reported barriers were lack of information  ( 75% ) , physically unable to access points of aid distribution  ( 28% ) , insecurity on route to points of aid distribution  ( 11% ) .
In the last week of October, prices of imported food commodities have slightly increased in Adado, due to taxes levied on trucks. The pattern was the same in Galkacyo and Hobyo, where prices of imported food commodities increased due to effects of Deyr rains on transport services.
[ EDUCATION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  95% of households of both IDP settlement and non IDP settlement score 3  ( severe )  Education Living Standard Gaps  ( LSG )  severity score .
In Qansaxdhere and Xudur food prices were extremely high during the second week of December. Furthermore, food availability was very low because of the restriction of movement of goods in and out of the towns. Since high prices are a result of low item availability, increasing transfer values could result in inflation,
[ CAPACITY GAP  ( CG )  ]  88% of households were found to have at least one Food Security Living Standard Gap ( LSG )  and/or a Capacity Gap  ( CG ) . 42% of households were found to have a food security LSG but no Capacity Gap  ( CG )  in food security, 46% of households were found to have both a food security LSG and a Capacity Gap  ( CG )  in food security, 12% of households were found to have no food security LSG but a Capacity Gap  ( CG )  in food security.
[ HEALTH LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  24% of the household found with health living Standard Gap  ( LSG ) . 6% found to be very extremely+ severe, 1% extreme severe, 17% severe, 6% stress, 70% no or minimal.
Fruit and vegetable prices in Mogadishu increased throughout December. The price of certain items doubled, such as tomatoes and carrots, while others were not available, such as hot pepper and parsley. This was due to recent floods that destroyed crops and farmland in and around the Lower and Middle Shabelle regions. Imported food items in Rabdhure remained at a very high price but were still available.
Education: Most commonly reported barriers to access education for girls from the assessed settlements were cost of studies  ( 38% ) , Security  ( 10% ) , Need to support family  ( 7% ) .Similarly, Most commonly reported barriers to access education for boys from the assessed settlements were cost of studies  (  51% ) , Security  ( 7% ) , Need to support family  ( 5% ) .
In this quarter, average country wide cereal prices have declined by  3%. In 19 of the 42 districts assessed, there was a decrease in the price of the main cereal consumed  ( red sorghum, white maize or red rice based on location )  in December 2020, while another 19 districts experienced an increase in prices. Price increases of more than 10% were reported in the districts of Diinsoor, Xudur, Wajid, Iskushuban, and Ceerigaabo. The largest price decreases  ( 59% )  were reported in Buale and Jilib, while prices in Marka decreased by 21%. Other districts that reported a significant decline in prices are Qorley, Barawe and Jawhar, with a decrease of 18%, 14%, and 12%, respectively
The price of cowpeas increased in most districts, except for Kismayo where there was a large decrease of 31% and Mogadishu where there was no reported change in price. The price of white maize has decreased in Baidoa, Kismayo and Jowhar but slightly increased in Hargeisa. The price of white sorghum increased in Baidoa and Hargeisa, and decreased in Mogadishu. Red sorghum has seen price increases in most of the districts such as Baidoa, Jowhar and Bossaso.
[ CAPACITY GAP  ( CG )  ]  97% of households were found to have at least one Education Living Standard Gaps ( LSG )  and/or a Capacity Gap  ( CG ) . 93% of households were found to have an Living Standard Gaps ( LSG )  in education but no capacity gap in education. 4% of households were found to have both an Living Standard Gaps ( LSG )  in education and a capacity gap in education. 3% of households were found to have no education Living Standard Gaps ( LSG )  but a capacity gap in education.
Notable six month trends in average commodity prices: Cowpes   declined between november and December 2020, but still remain higher than the five year average.
[ PRE EXISTING VULNERABILITIES ]  96% households reporting having been displaced for longer than one year
[ PRE EXISTING VULNERABILITIES ]  76% households with an age dependency ratio greater than 0.8
Notable six month trends in average commodity prices: Vegetable oil   significantly rose from October to December  ( 23,000 to 32,000 )
[ PRE EXISTING VULNERABILITIES ]  11% households with a vulnerable primary income earner
[ EDUCATION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  The most commonly reported preferred types of remote learning modalities were: school textbooks  ( 61% )  and reading materials ( storybooks )   ( 58% )  and radio classes ( 57% )
[ Accountability to Affected Populations ]  Top three most commonly reported priority needs: Shelter  ( 63% ) , Food  ( 52% ) , Healthcare  ( 53% ) .
Notable six month trends in average commodity prices: remained stable in price over the last quarter of 2020, but lower than the five year average.
[ CAPACITY GAP  ( CG )  ]  17% of households were found to have at least one Protection Living Standard Gaps  ( LSG )  and/or a Capacity Gap  ( CG ) . 14% of households were found to have a Living Standard Gaps ( LSG )  in protection but no Capacity Gap  ( CG )  in protection, 3% of households were found to have both a Living Standard Gaps ( LSG )  in protection and a Capacity Gap  ( CG )  in protection, 83% of households were found to have no protection Living Standard Gaps ( LSG )  but a Capacity Gap  ( CG )  in protection.
Notable six month trends in average commodity prices: rose significantly between October and November and decreased slight between November and December.
Food security and livelihood: 33% of assessed settlements reported that it takes less than 30 minutes by walking to reach to functional market while 18% and 37% reported it takes 30 60 minutes and 60 minutes to half a day to reach to the functional market respectively.
[ SHELTER & NON FOOD ITEMS  ( SNFI )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  56% of Households of IDP settlements reported a lack of documentation proving their occupancy status while 33% of Households of non IDP settlements reported a lack of documentation proving their occupancy status.
The situation of women and girls with the COVID 19 is worsened by the persistent droughts in Jubba land, South West State, Puntland, Galmudug and Somaliland. Increasing incidences of intimate partner violence, sexual violence and abuse is most likely to become worse as more women and girls suffer multiple displacements, loss of livelihoods, food insecurity, sexual abuse and exploitation, poor access to markets and water insecurity.
[ PRE EXISTING VULNERABILITIES ]  22% households with at least one person with a chronic illness which lasted 3 months or longer at the time of the data collection
In the 2021 humanitarian response plan already had 1.7 million people in need of gender based violence programs and services across Somalia. The people in need could increase at least 25% due to the worsening drought conditions.
It is important that humanitarian actors must prioritize GBV risk mitigation initiatives both at IDP camps and host communities.
[ WATER, SANITATION & HYGIENE  ( WASH )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Most commonly reported coping mechanisms used to deal with limited availability of water by household of Non  IDP settlement were Rely on less preferred  ( unimproved/untreated )  water sources for drinking water  ( 21% ) , Rely on surface water for drinking water  ( 13% ) .
[ EDUCATION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  The highest percentage of households per Education LSG severity score, per population group for IDP settlement was 89% for severe and lowest was 4% for stress. Similarly highest percentage of households per Education LSG severity score, per population group for Non IDP settlement was 85% for severe and lowest was 0% for stress.
[ PROTECTION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  The highest percentage of households per Protection LSG severity score, per population group for IDP settlement was 52% for stress and lowest was 4% for extreme. Similarly highest percentage of households per Protection LSG severity score, per population group for Non IDP settlement was 66% for stress and lowest was 2% for extreme.
[ WATER, SANITATION & HYGIENE  ( WASH )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  The highest percentage of households per WASH LSG severity score, per population group for IDP settlement was 56% for severe and lowest was 1% for no or minimal. Similary highest percentage of households per WASH LSG severity score, per population group for Non IDP settlement was 46% for severe and lowest was 2% for extreme+.
[ SHELTER & NON FOOD ITEMS  ( SNFI )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  The highest percentage of households per SNFI LSG severity score, per population group for IDP settlement was 41% for severe and lowest was 0% for no or minimal and extreme+. Similarly highest percentage of households per SNFI LSG severity score, per population group for Non IDP settlement was 65% for severe and lowest was 0% for no or minimal and extreme+.
[ SHELTER & NON FOOD ITEMS  ( SNFI )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Three most commonly reported types of housing, land and property  ( HLP )  dispute reported by households were :Disputes about rent  ( including payment )   ( 17% ) , Secondary occupation ( 18% )  and disputed ownership ( 9% )
[ WATER, SANITATION & HYGIENE  ( WASH )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Most commonly reported barriers to accessing water were water points are too far  ( 17% ) , Water points are difficult to reach  ( especially for people with disabilities )   ( 9% )  and Water is too expensive  ( 8% ) .
[ WATER, SANITATION & HYGIENE  ( WASH )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Proportion of households of IDP settlements reporting not having sufficient water for the following purposes were Not enough water for cooking, bathing, washing, and other domestic uses  ( 24% ) , Not enough water for domestic purposes only  ( 2% ) , Not enough water for personal hygiene only  ( 79% ) .
[ PROTECTION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Most commonly reported areas in the community where boys or men do not feel safe were In the markets  ( 12% ) , In shelter  ( 77% )  and When leaving settlement/town  ( 12% ) .
[ CAPACITY GAP  ( CG )  ]  97% of households were found to have at least one WASH Living Standard Gap  ( LSG )  and/or a Capacity Gap  ( CG ) . 94% of households were found to have a WASH Living Standard Gaps ( LSG )  but no Capacity Gap  ( CG )  in WASH, % of households were found to have both a WASH Living Standard Gaps ( LSG )  and a Capacity Gap  ( CG )  in WASH. % of households were found to have no WASH Living Standard Gaps ( LSG )  but a Capacity Gap  ( CG ) in WASH.
[ NUTRITION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  The main critical indicators that determined Nutrition LSGs were found to be: Households with child ( ren )  reportedly ill at the time of data collection  ( 13% ) , Households with child ( ren )  not eating properly  ( 4% ) , Households with child ( ren )  reporting barriers to accessing nutrition services or treatment  ( 42% )
[ MUTLI SECTORAL NEEDS ]  100% of the households found with Multi sectoral needs. 23% found to be extreme+ severe, 47% extreme, 30% severe and 0% stress and No and minimal.
[ EDUCATION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  56% and 53% of households of IDP settlement and Non IDP settlement reported all school aged children in their household who were previously attending school are continuing learning activities remotely since schools have been closed.
[ NUTRITION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  The highest percentage of households per nutrition LSG severity score, per population group for IDP settlement was 39% for severe and lowest was 2% for no or minimal. Similarly highest percentage of households per nutrition LSG severity score, per population group for Non IDP settlement was 48% for severe and lowest was 2% for extreme+.
[ MUTLI SECTORAL NEEDS ]  The highest percentage of households per MSNI severity score, per population group for IDP settlement was 46% for extreme and lowest was 0% for stress and no or minimal. Similarly highest percentage of households per Protection LSG severity score, per population group for Non IDP settlement was 39% for extreme and lowest was 0% for no or minimal.
[ MUTLI SECTORAL NEEDS ]  Among households with multi sectoral needs, highest need was of WASH  ( 93% ) , followed by Education ( 86% ) , Shelter ( 85% ) , Nutrition ( 74% ) , Health ( 15% )  and Protection ( 22% )
[ SHELTER & NON FOOD ITEMS  ( SNFI )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  60% of the household found with Shelter and Non food items ( SNFI )  living Standard Gap  ( LSG ) . 14% found to be very extreme, 46% severe and 40% stress.
[ SHELTER & NON FOOD ITEMS  ( SNFI )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Four most common types of occupancy status reported by households of IDP settlements were: Hosted without rent  ( by family, friends, institution )   ( 13% ) , Ownership  ( 68% ) , No occupancy agreement / squatting  ( 14% ) , rented  ( 5% ) . Similarly, Four most common types of occupancy status reported by households of non IDP settlements were: Hosted without rent  ( by family, friends, institution )   ( 9% ) , Ownership  ( 78% ) , No occupancy agreement / squatting  ( 4% )  and rented  ( 8% ) .
[ MUTLI SECTORAL NEEDS ]  100% of the households found with Multi sectoral needs. 19% found to be extreme+ severe, 41% extreme and 40% severe.
[ PROTECTION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  The main driver of protection LSGs was found to be: Households reporting having experienced movement restrictions in the 30 days prior to data collection  ( 2% ) .
[ HEALTH LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  18% of the household found with health living Standard Gap  ( LSG ) . 1% were found to be Extreme+, 3% were found to be extreme, 14% severe, 7% stress, 75% no or minimal.
[ MUTLI SECTORAL NEEDS ]  Among households with multi sectoral needs, highest need was of WASH ( 94% ) , followed by education ( 80% ) , Shelter ( 76% ) , Nutrition ( 50% ) , Health ( 27% )  and Protection ( 6% )
[ MUTLI SECTORAL NEEDS ]  100% of households of IDP settlement and 99% of households of non IDP settlement households found with multi sectoral needs.
[ PRE EXISTING VULNERABILITIES ]  44% households reporting relying on unstable income sources to meet basic needs.
[ CAPACITY GAP  ( CG )  ]  94% of households were found to have at least one Food Security Living Standard Gap ( LSG )  and/or a Capacity Gap  ( CG ) . 31% of households were found to have a food security LSG but no Capacity Gap  ( CG )  in food security, 63%% of households were found to have both a food security LSG and a Capacity Gap  ( CG )  in food security, 6% of households were found to have no food security LSG but a Capacity Gap  ( CG )  in food security.
[ CAPACITY GAP  ( CG )  ]  98% of households were found to have at least one Food Security Living Standard Gap ( LSG )  and/or a Capacity Gap  ( CG ) . 23% of households were found to have a food security LSG but no Capacity Gap  ( CG )  in food security, 75% of households were found to have both a food security LSG and a Capacity Gap  ( CG )  in food security, 2% of households were found to have no food security LSG but a Capacity Gap  ( CG )  in food security.
Desert Locusts: The desert locust infestation expanded from northern to central and southern Somalia, affecting pasture and 2020 crop production continuing to pose a very high risk to both pasture and crops until at least mid 2021.
[ PRE EXISTING VULNERABILITIES ]  7% households reporting having at least one member facing discrimination due to age, disability, or heritage.
In the current period  ( January to March 2021 ) , an estimated 1.6 million people across Somalia are experiencing high levels of acute food insecurity  ( IPC Phase 3 or above )  and are in need of continued urgent action. The drivers of acute food insecurity include the compounding effects of poor and erratic rainfall distribution, flooding, desert locust infestation, the socio economic impacts of COVID 19 and conflict.
[ PROTECTION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  The highest percentage of households per Protection LSG severity score, per population group for IDP settlement was 63% for stress and lowest was 2% for extreme+. Similarly highest percentage of households per Protection LSG severity score, per population group for Non IDP settlement was 60% for stress and lowest was 1% for extreme and extreme+.
[ WATER, SANITATION & HYGIENE  ( WASH )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Most commonly reported problems related to accessing sanitation facilities by households of non  IDP settlement were Lack of sanitation facilities  ( latrines/toilets )  / facilities too crowded  ( 48% ) ,Sanitation facilities  ( latrines/toilets )  are not functioning or full  ( 24% ) .
[ WATER, SANITATION & HYGIENE  ( WASH )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  The highest percentage of households per WASH LSG severity score, per population group for IDP settlement was 52% for severe and lowest was 1% for no or minimal. Similary highest percentage of households per WASH LSG severity score, per population group for Non IDP settlement was 44% for severe and lowest was 3% for extreme+.
[ PRE EXISTING VULNERABILITIES ]  26% households with at least one pregnant and/or lactating woman.