nlp-thedeep/humsetbias huggingface dataset:
Personal protective equipment  ( PPE )  procured through funding from Bureau for Humanitarian Assistance  ( BHA )  and The Department for International Development  ( DFID )  is reflected in the Common PPE Pool managed by the Logistics Cluster and Operations TWG. IOM processed 20 requests for 10 partners, providing PPE to healthcare and frontline workers responding to COVID 19. Items released included surgical gloves, thermometers, hand sanitizer, coveralls, and body bags.
The food deterioration is mainly driven by typical lean season factors such as depletion of harvest stocks, high food prices, degraded road conditions that affect market access and functionality, likelihood of insecurity in some counties such as Kajo Keji, Morobo, Yei and Lainya, the economic crisis and associated currency devaluation and diminished household purchasing power, and the effects of the COVID 19 pandemic on supply chain systems, markets and household livelihoods and incomes.
Heavy rainfall in 2020 started early which caused flood in Terekeka and Jonglie
WFP, through the Logistics Cluster, as a co lead of the Operational Support and Logistics Pillar of the National COVID 19 Response Plan, continues to coordinate requests for Personal Protective Equipment  ( PPE )  from humanitarian organisations.
WFP is concerned by the escalating tensions with the Renk Youth Association that have resulted in the suspension of life saving assistance in Renk County, Upper Nile State. WFP strongly condemns the actions that led to the burning down of a Medair warehouse in Renk and the threats and intimidation against humanitarian workers.
Since the beginning of the outbreak, 136 Health Care Workers have been infected with one death.
In Jonglei, data collected during the reporting period suggests that religion and spiritual beliefs are playing a key role in how the community perceives the virus, particularly in Akobo, and particularly in relation to how they see their ability to avoid infection. The belief that God will protect people, or that it is up to God whether people are spared from COVID 19, may be representative of religious beliefs in SSD generally, but is also likely tied to whether people have trust in preventative measures and/or their ability to undertake them given existing resources.
Total of 2673 cases  ( 0 new )  have been discharged to date.
While many in both communities have had to change their food consumption those in urban Juba have been more badly affected. However older people in the POC received in June a 3  month food ration from the World Food Programme to last until the end of August 2020. Therefore it was particularly troubling to find out that 31% say they have food left for less than 2 days already as this may highlight that some may have already finished their rations card due to reduced job opportunities especially casual labour jobs.
As of 31 January, 290 requests have been approved, allocating approximately 3.7 million PPE items from the common pool created by WHO, WFP and IOM, to be received in more than 250 locations across South Sudan.
Protection Most commonly reported protection concern: Women: Domestic Violence  ( 46% )  Men: Domestic Violence  ( 69% )  Girls: Early Marriage  ( 46% )  Boys: Violence between neighbors  ( 46% )
At the end of March, approximately $234 million or 15 per cent of required funding was secured against the $1.54 billion requested for the 2020 HRP, according to FTS. This represented a 10 per cent rise in reported funding compared to the first quarter of 2019.
Despite the devastating impact of COVID 19, the Ministry of Health and the World Health Organization  ( WHO )  are conducting community based mass drug administration  ( MDA )  against bilharzia targeting over 700 000 children aged 5 to 14 years in 15 endemic counties of Lakes and Northern Bahr el Ghazal states.
Similar to Jonglei, community perceptions reported in Eastern Equatoria either fall into one of two categories: either the perception that the virus will not affect them because it is a disease for ‘others' and they are not at risk, or the perception that the virus will have severe and devastating effects. This divide may suggest that at least some members of communities may be receiving adequate information about the risks involved with an outbreak; however, the presence of deep fears about the end of the world or other severe repercussions could also point to lack of accurate health messaging or fear based health messaging that leaves the community believing in the worst case scenario.
Bargel PHCU: there is increase in Malaria cases and consumption is high due to convergence of the flood villages to this site,44 cases of malaria  ( 26<5y &18 >5y )  were diagnosed in the week ending on 28th August, no reported disease outbreak like cholera or jaundice.
Phase 1 IDPs 25 children screened M=14 and F=11 SAM=1 MAM=1 11 PLWs screened P=5 and L=6 MUAC <23.0cm=2
Most Tombe IDPs sleeping in an open air exposing them to harsh weather conditions.
Utilizing cluster endorsed mobile tools, a joint IOM Displacement Tracking Matrix  ( DTM )  and CCCM team travelled to Sharikat and Mangalla, Central Equatoria State to establish population figures after reports of influxes from Twic East, Bor South, and Duk counties reaching these areas. During the visit, focus group discussions  ( FGDs )  were facilitated with IDP community representatives and traditional chiefs to identify gaps, unmet needs, Housing Land Property  ( HLP )  and other Protection concerns.
1.47 million internally displaced people  ( OCHA )
Women and people living with disabilities were disproportionately affected by the measures, in particular with regard to income   generating activities. The lockdown of protection of civilians sites in response to the announcement of cases of COVID 19 among United Nations personnel also raised concerns about the disproportionate and potentially discriminatory impact of such measures on internally displaced populations at those sites.
Without shelter in Tombek for IDPs women and girls are extremely vulnerable to risks of GBV.
Livestock keepers face issues in the depth of the lean season around scarcity of pasture and water which historically has resulted in seasonal conflict
Others rely on borrowing or remittances from their relatives who are in the highland or less flooded
COVID 19 Business: This is not true, in fact, South Sudan collectively and people individually across the board have suffered gravely from the pandemic. As the Sudd Institute has noted: “firms and individuals in South Sudan are going through severe economic stress'  ( Source: Sudd Institute ) .
Despite some challenges that need to be addressed to fully control and eventually eliminate the transmission of the targeted neglected tropical diseases, efforts by the people and Government of the Republic of South Sudan, WHO, The Carter Center, Christian Blind Mission, Accelerating the Sustainable Control and Elimination of Neglected Tropical Diseases and others is commendable, said Mr Samuel Makoy, Director for Neglected Tropical Diseases at the Ministry of Health.
More than half of the South Sudanese people in country are under 18 years of age. With a considerable portion of the population below productive age, the burden lies with the working age population to provide for a large number of dependents.
Female headed households are more prevalent in rural areas than urban areas. Women and girls hold primary responsibilities for farming, collecting water and firewood, cooking, cleaning, and childcare. Men and boys are decision makers for the communities and their families, particularly in the countryside
Some 800,000 people were affected by floods by the end of September, with half of the country flooded.
JANUARY JUNE 2020  Sub national violence: Large scale inter communal and sub national violence in Jonglei and Greater Pibor Administrative Area displaced hundreds of thousands of people. JUNE 2020  Governor appointments: President Salva Kirr and First Vice President Riek Machar reach an agreement on the issue of state allocations, except in Upper Nile.
The Logistics Cluster is coordinating the departure of its first river movement from Juba to Bor since its activation. Bor being the main humanitarian hub to respond to the recent flooding, the Logistics Cluster is temporarily offering this service to address the identified logistical gap preventing the use of the Juba – Bor road  ( cut off due to high water levels of the Nile river ) .
Response achievementsaround 1.1 people who received protection services.
MAY 2020: COVID 19 response  South Sudan Humanitarian Fund  ( SSHF )  launched a reserve allocation of $5 million to procure 70 tons of personal protective equipment to protect frontline health workers responding to COVID 19.
JUNE 2020: COVID 19 Addendum to the HRP  The COVID 19 Addendum to the HRP, including the National COVID 19 Response Plan, brought the overall humanitarian appeal for 2020 to $1.9 billion.
Elevated levels of food insecurity  ( IPC AFI Phase 3 and above )  in most counties also contribute to acute malnutrition.
From January to July, UNMISS ( United Nations Mission in South Sudan )  documented more than 570 incidents of sub national conflict, an increase of 300 per cent compared to the same period in 2019. Sub national violence between communities was most commonly reported type of violence during the same reporting period
The revitalized peace agreement had contributed to improvement in terms of security situation and reduction of the conflict in the area and overall Unity state.
Morobo  ( 84.8% ) , Kapoeta East  ( 82.5% ) , Tonj East  ( 79.5% ) , and Guit  ( 77.7% )  Counties have the highest percentage of total IDPs and returnees living farther than 5km from a functional health facility.
The long term occupation of public spaces and buildings has been cited as a driver of tension between IDPs and host communities in some locations
During this period, the entire State will be classified in Emergency  ( IPC Phase 4 )  acute food insecurity because of further deterioration of the conditions causing food insecurity in the preceding two analysis periods.
In Ikotos, 96% of the households had recieved no Humanitarian aid three months prior to data collection
In Ibba and Mvolo counties of Western Equatoria, flooding in August damaged first season harvests and displaced thousands of people. In parts of Juba county in Central Equatoria, rising river water levels destroyed vegetable and maize crops near the Nile basin.
Health Most commonly reported type of primary health care facility accessible by foot: Primary health care  ( 87% )  Most commonly reported health issue: Malaria  ( 53% )
Funding gaps continue to limit the response that can be provided. CERF RR allocated $300,000 for 30,000 fishing kits which covers some 50,000 HH. Additional needs are vast. • Delivery of response is a challenge due to the heavy floods made responding very slow and in other locations very difficult. Since food cannot be dropped in the water. For livelihood support, the bad roads due to floods limited road movement and hence delayed response. • Insecurity in the river delivery locations made also response very difficult.
Humanitarian Organisations were unable to reach about 23,000 displaced people around Yei, Central Equatoria due to fighting and government security operations
Intensify disease surveillance in the flood affected areas to detect and report any new epidemic prone disease outbreak in the areas
Need for Women and girls friendly space centers and Capacity building and women empowerment activities
Numerous homesteads have been flooded and some houses have collapsed as a result of the damage of the flood water. This has resulted in the households abandoning these homes and seeking dry ground.
Some of the displaced households are surviving by gathering what they can salvage from the gardens. The rains coincided with the harvesting of the groundnut crop and the fast growing sorghum. Other households have received some assistance from nearby communities not affected by flooding
Most commonly reported health issue: Malaria  ( 52% )
There is no established legal structure to handle protection issues since the area is controlled by military.
There is fear amongst the IDPs as there an ongoing clash between the communities of Mangalla.
There is no latrine hence exposing them to sickness/diseases which puts the life of children, elderly and pregnant women at great risk.
They also depend on small harvest which last for one week  ( The people affected by the floods in Wulu County
There is a need to extend FFA activities to the affected locations to be able to build local dykes
Since COVID 19 related travel restrictions came into effect, WFP has maintained 97 percent of staffing component in the field offices and 93 percent in the country office. Offices and facilities are operating on a criticality basis to ensure physical distancing.
Need for sensitization about routine EPI services and possible outreach to support maximum coverage of the IDPs and the host community.
Structurally, the health facility has permanent structurers which is less than 1km from the IDP which is partially Functional health facility  ( Mangalla PHCC )  and can run both inpatient and outpatient services
There is risk of vaccine preventable diseases outbreak such as measles, polio among others due to lack EPI services at Motoronyo village.
Conduct EPI outreach or mobile vaccination in underserved areas in Wulu and Cueibet
Delivery of Pentavalent, BCG, Td and IPV vaccines to Wako PHCU, Bhargel PHCU, Langdit PHCU.
Families spend at least 2 – 5 hours trekking to access markets that have adequate NFIs, specially in Cueibet and areas west of Wulu County
Based on the IRNA done in the areas, the NFI distribution requirements are hereby summarized based on the 1.965 standard deviation from the areas. We recommend that we supply the following items per household; that should be done in line with food distribution in the areas: buckets, blankets, 2 pangas for cutting down poles, cooking pots, 1 plastic sheeting, 1 jerrycan, and1 bar of soap
Provide preventive package which include IYCF messages in the communities.
The COVID 19 pandemic reached South Sudan on 5 April 2020 and as of 16 June; there were 1,776 confirmed cases and 30 deaths
In those areas we have assessed like Panakol and Langdit, we found some IDPs in Langdit primary school, the team discussed with some individuals concerning their threat or fear in the areas. Most of their threat is fear of unknown attackers which is a result of communal violence in the area coupled with the fear of random movement of criminal during night hours
“While these mass drug administration programmes have seen considerable successes, treatments implemented predominantly through school based initiatives and community centers targeting school aged children must be repeated once a year to reduce heavy intensity infections', said Dr Olushayo Olu, WHO Country Representative to South Sudan. MDA leaves no one behind and is by far one of the best buys for universal health coverage.
In the FGDs, the communities reported that most of threat they encounter is wilds animals that are also being displaced by the floods
In Yith Magok village where many IDPs were found in the church compound, we made FGD and their responses was that: there is much insecurity coupled with fear of wild animals that are displaced by the flood which come around their camp at night.
Achievements already in place in South Sudan to address the effects of the virus include the development of key COVID 19 messaging, posters, Public Service Announcements  ( PSA )  for use through FM radio stations, agreements from donors  ( e.g. ODFA )  for partners to re purpose funding to cover the increase in operational costs during the pandemic: procuring masks / Personal Protective Equipment  ( PPE ) , hand washing materials etc.
The Mission  ( unmiss )  also conducted peace campaigns between 16 and 18 December that engaged youth and local leaders in order to encourage non violent approaches to resolving communal conflict
All schools were not severely destroyed by flooding except a school in Motoronyo which was reported to have collapsed because of flood.
The Integrated Food Security Phase Classification analysis estimated that 6.35 million people faced crisis levels of food insecurity or worse in August, end of lean season
As with well being consequences, IDPs have higher protection related living standard needs. Poor access to child protection services explains the number of IDPs in need in 45 per cent of counties  ( 34 counties ) . Although the availability of child protection services is low for everyone in South Sudan, the analysis suggests that IDP children are more in need of such services than non displaced boys and girls.
32.8 percent of IDPs  ( 529,470 individuals )  and 33.6 percent of returnees  ( 562,019 individuals )  live in settlements located more than 5km from a functional health facility.
Food distribution absence: Top five counties where the highest proportion of assessed settlements reported that IDPs have arrived within the last three months and that food assistance is inaccessible were Panyijiar 16%, Luakpiny/Nasir 4%, Gogrial West 4%, Ulang 3%, Fashoda 2%.
Warrap  ( 50.5% ) , Upper Nile  ( 38.9% ) , and Jonglei  ( 35.9% )  States have the highest percentage of total IDPs and returnees living farther than 5km from a functional health facility.
Most of the population can't keep social distance because the numerous family members live in homes with one or two rooms and have informal jobs for survival.
1.7 million Internally displaced people  ( IDPs )   ( OCHA, HNO November 2019 )
2.24 million South Sudanese Refugees in neighboring countries  ( UNHCR Regional Portal, South Sudan Situation 30 September 2019 )
Alel villages get their consultations in Cueibet hospital. BHW has shown report of July were 110 under five were treated for Malaria, ARI, and AWD  ( 44 Malaria, 40 AWD, and 26 ARI )
Related to COVID 19, humanitarian personnel experienced movement impediments, visa suspensions and denial of entry into the country. Several international non governmental organizations reduced their footprint through the relocation of non essential staff.
There are over 69,000 IDPs displaced in 5 payams in Tonj North, according to the RRC. These people are sheltering in collective sites including schools, churches and other public buildings.
Due to insecurity the Vitamin A and Supplementary Deworming  ( VASD )  campaign was conducted in March instead of February and the report is pending
Children were victims of violations perpetrated by crossfire between the South Sudan Peoples' Defence Forces and Misiriya armed cattle keepers  ( 5 children ) , NAS S/2020/536 20 07525 11/19  ( 4 children ) , forces loyal to Major General Ochan Puot  ( 2 children )  and the South Sudan Peoples' Defence Forces  ( 1 child ) ; 20 children were casualties of explosive remnants of war.
Provide livelihood support through improved market access, provision of seeds and tools  ( farm inputs )  to stimulate production back to surplus levels, particularly in the greenbelt.
No health care services to treat common diseases like malaria, diarrhea, typhoid, fungi infections  ( In South Sudan )
No Blanket Supplementary Feeding Program in the locations
As of 15 January 2021, UNHAS transported 1,427 passengers and 106.7 mt of light humanitarian cargo to 54 destinations across South Sudan
14,530 mt of food and nutrition assistance distributed* by WFP  ( Jan, 2020 )
USD 274.5 m six months  ( February – July 21 )  net funding requirements of WFP
1.15 m people assisted* *in December 2020 by WFP  ( 58% female and 42% male )
Vaccine preventable diseases outbreak is likely in Motoronyo village because of lack of EPI services in the area
Average households cooking pots observed during the assessment was 1 per household which was not enough
In all the sampled households, there were no mats and water containers available
The difference rates between parallel and official markets increased steadily in 2019, encouraging growth of the market, implying faster depreciation of the local currency in the parallel markets compared to the official rate.
A total of 61 samples were tested for suspected yellow fever in Eastern Equatoria, however all the samples turned out to be negative.
Poor access to WASH services and goods combined with high levels of food insecurity has a detrimental impact on the health of the most vulnerable, as seen through the high prevalence of malnutrition and water borne diseases, with 74 per cent of households reporting members affected by a water or vector borne disease.
The epicenters of inter communal conflict are Jonglei, where the president declared a three month state of emergency effective August 12th, and the Warrap Lakes border region
Levels of planned food assistance are insufficient to prevent severe outcomes.
13000+ # of people reached.  ( By CCCM )
Strengthen existing nutrition services to support the ongoing threat of malnutrition and disease outbreaks.
1.60m IDPs in South Sudan ( UNOCHA, JUN 2020 ) . 299,815 refugees in South Sudan  ( UNHCR,20 MAR 2020 ) . 2.2m South Sudanese refugees in neighbouring countries  ( UNHCR, 31 JAN 2020 ) .
Despite the start of the harvest season, which typically enables marginal improvements in food security outcomes, staple food prices remained high in recent weeks due to conflict, low crop production, floods, poor road conditions, the continued depreciation of the South Sudanese Pound against the U.S. dollar, and elevated import and transportation costs associated with COVID 19 preventative measures.
The improvement in the food security situation is attributed to the seasonal availability of harvests, increased access to fish and wild foods, and improved market access and functionality because of better road conditions. However, the effects of COVID 19 measures on supply chain systems, and the ongoing economic crisis will have an impact on household access to food.
WASH: Launching hygiene promotion activities  ( Always use Latrine/cat method, hand washing with soap, personal hygiene, domestic hygiene, food hygiene and safe water chain ) . • Distribution of Pur with filter cloth for household water purification near river side and Aqutabs for household near the hand pumps. ( Aug 2020 )
Education: Installation of Child Friendly Spaces to engage children at their current locations with maintaining of social distancing as one of preventive measures of COVID 19 • Improvement of school building structures before schools reopens • Restocking of scholastic materials for the affected schools. • Rehabilitation/renovation of schools. ( Aug 2020 )
Manyo County's food insecurity was driven by constraints in accessing cereals, high food prices in the markets, supply chain disruptions that were associated with COVID 19 containment measures and seasonal reduction in household food stocks.
During the month  ( October,2020 ) , the Logistics Cluster coordinated one humanitarian road convoy, transporting life saving supplies from Juba to Yei, Central Equatoria.
With $26.4 million in FY 2020 funding, USAID/BHA provides countrywide support to the humanitarian response through the WFP managed UN Humanitarian Air Service  ( UNHAS )  and Logistics Cluster for South Sudan. UNHAS offers air transportation to relief actors throughout the country,while the Logistics Cluster provides coordination and information management services for humanitarian workers, delivery of essential humanitarian relief items, common warehousing of basic relief commodities, and geographical information system mapping. Additionally, USAID/BHA partner IOM supports fellow humanitarian partners' responses across South Sudan by procuring, storing, and transporting critical relief supplies, including emergency shelter and WASH commodities.
Over time, the SSP has fallen in value so much that salaries of formally employed and wages of those in informal employment cannot match the higher food prices. The real value of salaries of civil servants paid in SSP fell to below USD10 in as early as 2017 to date from an average of 100 500. This is compounded by the contracting national economic growth that reduced employment opportunities including for casual labour and trade. Salaried staff in the public service have gone for several months without pay in 2019, resulting in significant salary arrears.
During the reporting period, shooting in Pieri, Jonglei State, led to a WFP airdrop being called off.
2.2 MILLION Estimated Number of South Sudanese Refugees in Neighboring Countries UN – Sept. 2020
Malnutrition prevalence is likely to rise in the coming months. Some households did not have fishing nets for fishing but is to resort for begging relatives to ensure that children get meal
( As of 31 March 2021 ) Funding required to scale up response: US$ 68.5M  ( US$31.3M funded )
14,756 mt of food and nutrition assistance distributed*  ( By WFP, Feb 2021 )
Across Warrap, conflict and insecurity have continued to delay and interrupt WFP distributions for 400,000 people facing ICP Phase 5  ( Catastrophe )  conditions
In addition, a total of 892 teachers  ( 705 males and 187 females )  were trained on basic pedagogy and learner centred methodologies, to provide education in emergencies  ( EiE )  services.
In partnership with the Water Tankers Association, IOM continued to carry out mass awareness raising campaigns displaying Information, Education, and Communication  ( IEC )  materials and playing pre recorded messages through megaphones with 50 water tankers in Juba.
UNHAS performed 1 ICWG mission with 2 passengers to 1 location.
However, armed conflict and inter communal violence spiked in pockets throughout the dry season, including in areas that had not seen violence recently. In the first three months of the year, tens of thousands of people were newly displaced by fighting between armed groups, inter communal violence and cattle raiding, particularly in Central Equatoria, Jonglei, Lakes, Upper Nile and Warrap.
Nutrition Officers to train the Nutrition assistants and CNVs on how to use MUAC by the mothers to lower risk of COV19 in the community
In addition to inter communal violence, clashes between the armed group National Salvation Front and SSPDF in Lasu in late 2019 and early 2020 led to reports of human rights violations and abuses in Yei.
Protection partners reached 150 people  ( 20 girls, 14 boys, 58 women, and 58 men )  through protection awareness raising and prevention messaging.
Akec further said health conditions requiring movements of ambulances, broadcast journalists on duty and network operators on duty would be exempted. “The order is in compliance of the republican order issued by the President for the protection of the citizens of South Sudan from the health risk of COVID 19,' he explained.  [ Interior Minister Paul Mayom Akec  ]
More than 110 aid workers were relocated as a result of escalating tensions. Looting of humanitarian supplies by community members and armed youth groups during intercommunal violence set back efforts to respond to the needs of vulnerable people across the country. With increased road movements, humanitarians were exposed to more ambushes and criminality, with the majority of incidents recorded in the Kapoeta and Rumbek corridors.
In relatively stable communities in Northern Bahr el Ghazal and Eastern Equatoria the Community Led Total Sanitation  ( CLTS )  initiative is being implemented to improve sanitation BY UNICEF. A total of 414 villages with 199,765 people have achieved Open Defecation Free  ( ODF )  status. In addition, 334,529 people have been reached with key hygiene promotion messages.
Market prices for food now consistently outstrip wage rises, forcing people into longer working hours for the same resources, and limiting their time and energy for other investments.
As of March 2020, nearly 1.6 million 2 persons are internally displaced in South Sudan, with around 300,000 internally displaced persons  ( IDPs )  living in Protection of Civilian  ( PoC )  and collective sites, and an estimated 1.3 million IDPs in camps and camp like settings, as well as outside of camps.
Specific Nutrition assessment to be conducted by the IP in these locations and respond to the needs.
At the peak of the lean season in April to July 2021, the number of people facing Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  or worse acute food insecurity in the Greater Upper Nile region will likely rise to 3.47 million people  ( 76.4% of the population in Greater Upper Nile region ) .
GFD is currently being implemented by WFP/Plan international but Motoronyo village has not received.
Latrine availability: Top five counties where the highest proportion of assessed settlements reported that latrines are unavailable are Abiemnhom 100%, Kapoeta North 100%, Pariang 100%, Jur River 98%, Kapoeta East 96%.
Protection : 1,062,000 499,000 children received child protection services 245,000 people received GBV services 115,000 people received mine awareness education 199,000 people provided with general protection 3,000 people received housing, land & property services
On 6 May, the Joint Defence Board held its twelfth meeting to discuss implementation of the transitional security arrangements, at which the parties agreed to graduate the trainees to the necessary unified forces within one month.
Pending further research and consultation with older people, implement a longterm conditional cash transfer intervention for older men and women to support longer term livelihood and food security for those who are living alone and/or providing basic care to others with no sustainable income. This should target, and include the participation of, both members of the IDPs and host communities.
Attempts by civil society organizations to engender fundamental political reform need to engage with local political and economic analysis, including how they might be changed. Young people in South Sudan, aware of the risks of open political discussion, talk about change quietly and online
Security would need to improve, people would find the confidence to return to their homes and begin cultivating their crops, and hunger would fall.  [ Kawa Tong, health and nutrition manager for the aid group CARE. ]
However, despite the large number of older people who have heard of COVID 19, there is a lot of misinformation and rumours being disseminated amongst older people about the impacts and preventive measures which can be taken to reduce the risk of catching COVID 19. This includes the myth that COVID 19 is a “white persons illness' and that drinking tea as a good preventive measure. Furthermore, there is a rumour that masks may have been infected with COVID 19 and therefore some older people are refusing to wear them.
Boats were the major source of transportation used by the 93 per cent of the IDPs whilst the other 5 per cent used buses.
Nutrition Assistants, CNVs are not trained to train the mothers to screen their children using MUAC in response to COV19.
Women are largely absent in decisions regarding prioritization of needs and resource allocation in South Sudan.
The global IPC analysis identified six counties in Jonglei, Warrap and Northern Bahr el Gahzal states   Akobo, Western Pibor, Aweil South, Tonj East, Tonj North, Tonj South – where between five to ten percent of the population is living in IPC Phase 5, facing ‘catastrophe' levels of food insecurity
To respond to the increasing humanitarian needs in South Sudan, the 2018 2020 Interim Country Strategic Plan  ( ICSP )  was extended into 2021, and may be considered for a further extension, to align with the United Nations Cooperation Framework in South Sudan.
Expected return movements in 2020 and beyond is heavily reliant on the success of the peace process and the perception of safety and security. Thus, the need for immediate, short term humanitarian assistance remains a priority while working towards longer term support for durable solutions.
Additionally, the existence of informal camps and camp like settings without formal coordination and management structures and persistant access limitation has led to a lack of camp management services for approximately 1.5. million IDPs
Basic services in both Muni and Tombek may worsened due to floods and increase in population number since access to Terekeka town has been cut off., there is a functional PHCC  ( Primary Health Care Corporation )  in Tombek and PHCU in Muni but no functional markets, schools, and clean water sources.
WHO supported training of 13 health workers from Aweil stabilization centers at Malualkon Hospital on Inpatient Management of Severe Acute Malnutrition with Medical Complication.
In week 44, 2020 IDSR reporting completeness and Timeliness were at 75% at health facility level. EWARN reporting completeness and timeliness were 57%.
Despite recent encouraging developments on the political front and an increase in production and export of crude oil by 20 percent starting from February 2019, the macroeconomic situation has remained dire.
Livelihood sources have been devastated. Chickens and shoats die as a result of wall collapsing and there are stories of sickness of some of the domesticated animals such as foot &mouth disease  ( Due to heavy rains )
In the projection period of December 2020 to March 2021, the food security situation deteriorates and the number of people in Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  or worse acute food insecurity is likely to rise to 3.02 million  ( 66.5% of the population in Greater Upper Nile region ) .
COVID 19 related disruptions, including those rightfully implemented to curb coronavirus infection rates, as well as changes in SAM and MAM referral protocol for children has exacerbated access to services.
The number of people reached with humanitarian assistance and services varied by geographical location. In Unity and Western Bahr el Ghazal, the number of people reached with some type of humanitarian assistance exceeded the targeted population.
2020 Humanitarian Response Plan was launched, targeting 5.6 million people with overall appeal of $1.54 billion
A cross sectional study published in 2019 found that only a quarter of women gave birth at a health facility in areas near Juba.
Over 65 mt of Personal Protective Equipment  ( PPE ) , worth EUR 4 million and funded by the European Commission's Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations department  ( ECHO )  and the European Union's General Directorate for International Cooperation and Development  ( DEVCO ) , arrived in Juba in November
Food security: • Most of the crops  ( sorghum, vegetables, groundnuts )  in the affected areas are submerged in flood water and no harvest is expected from these farms. • Reported reduced household food consumption with Households relying on borrowing from neighbours. • Increase in livestock diseases death  ( 18 cows and 36 goats in Ahou )  and some of the chicken died as result of flooding. ( Aug 2020 )
2,750 IDPs arrived from Malual, Nyiwang, Wunpac, Kootic, Panpor Akuac  ( Tonj North county )  to Pagol, Tonj North County due to the flooding.
The population of Naivasha IDP Camp marginally decreased from 8,939 individuals in December 2020  ( decreased by 342 individuals )  due to the overall security improvement.
Health, Food, Shelter and NFIs were the most urgent humanitarian needs in the Pagol, Tonj North County.
The Commission on Human Rights in South Sudan welcomes the renewal of its mandate, as it provides an opportunity to continue working on building sustainable peace in South Sudan and to support the Unity Government and the people of South Sudan in their efforts to address the COVID 19 pandemic.
The capacity of the Ministry of General Education and Instruction  ( MoGEI )  to respond to the needs of children remains limited.
Through 1,289 meetings between communities and health committees in 2019, the Health Cluster identified three key needs for in kind assistance.
( 19th March, 2020 ) South Sudan National COVID 19 Preparedness & Response Plan: The Ministry of Health released COVID 19 Country Preparedness and Response Plan covering April to September 2020.
"IOM constructed the water points the Management Committee oversees that benefit over 4,500 individuals living in the vicinity through provision of safe drinking water as a result. The Organization has made some of this possible by incorporating more women in leadership structures such as water management committees. IOM encourages processes that take into consideration the concerns of women and marginalized individuals while also empowering their voices in their communities. IOM is also involved in training sessions to equip the Committee with skills to administer, operate, repair and maintain the water points."  [ Deputy Chairperson of the Water Management Committee, Veronica Raphael Yor, Jebel Kher, South Sudan ]
Health, WASH, Food, Shelter and NFIs were the most urgent humanitarian needs in the Manalor, Tonj North County
There was a decrease from 52% in July to 29% in September in proportion of assessed settlements reporting that facilities were stocked with medicines across the state. As a likely result of this, assessed settlements reported lack of medicines in facilities as the main barrier to health care services in Twic  ( 39% ) , Tonj East  ( 29% ) , Tonj South  ( 20% )  and Gogrial East  ( 32% )  counties in September.
The reported seasonal lack of medicine in health facilities highlights the supply chains challenges related to the delivery of essential medicines across the state during the wet season when some earth roads became impassable due to flooding
Health: • Increased drug supplies to BHI Boma Health Initiative teams in the affected Boma to manage the three common diseases in under 5 • WASH cluster to increase hygiene and sanitation awareness raising. • Launch an integrated, Protection, COVID 19, health, hygiene and sanitation awareness campaigned to start immediately.. ( Aug 2020 )
Nutrition: Need to increase nutrition supplies for SAM and MAM treatment in U5 and PLW in nutrition facilities to meet increasing needs from displaced population that are not in current programmes. • Community Nutrition Volunteers  ( CNVs )  in the affected areas to be encouraged to intensify their roles of active nutrition chart and referrals. ( Aug 2020 )
WFP requires USD 210 million to sustain operations through October 2020. Further, WFP foresees additional needs of USD 142 million to cater for new needs and additional operational costs related to the COVID 19 pandemic.
WASH: Collapsed latrines at household level due flooding. • Open defection observed along road paths and near households. • Some of the hand pumps and public tap stand are contaminated with flooding water in Ahou and Mingkaman ( Aug 2020 )
Some 15.7 percent of the households reported having at least one physically disabled member . The highest prevalence was in Unity  ( 22.6 percent ) , Upper Nile  ( 22 percent ) , Warrap  ( 19.8 percent )  and Western Equatoria  ( 18.6 percent ) . ( December 2019 )
Provision of teaching and learning materials in the hard to reach areas that reported lack of the same
Before conflict began in 1983, cattle herds were managed and cared for by young men and women within gol units  ( extended family cattle camps ) , bringing together the cattle of several families in camps that were also centres for education and the transition to adult skills and independence for young people.
• In a longer term, provide a BH to Chiec Teng primaryschool in Cueibet to avert movement of children to Achol Malek for water
Considerable efforts to scale up humanitarian assistance are ongoing and provision of other forms of assistance, such as emergency water, sanitation and hygiene  ( WASH ) , health services, and other basic services in additional to food assistance are critical to reverting the current trends.
People with health issues like HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, mental health, disabilities and non communicable diseases are also largely being cut off from life saving treatment.
Children  ( 0 to 17 years old )  constitute 61 per cent of the refugee population. They continue to face protection risks including neglect, abuse, exploitation, child labour, forced recruitment, SGBV, and lack of access to services. Protection concerns are especially high for girls risks for early marriage, early pregnancies, and denial of education particularly for girls and children living with disabilities
No women and girls friendly space available and women
To tackle this, investment in demobilization and military reform must be tied to wider investment in the labour and educational markets, beyond basic trade and private enterprise.
NUTRITION : 831,000 boys and girls aged 0 59 months, children aged 5 and above, and pregnant and lactating women with severe and moderate acute malnutrition admitted for treatment
EMERGENCY SHELTER & NFI : 778,000 people in need provided with emergency shelter and non food items
( 21st March, 2020 )  Quarantine for Inbound Travellers: The Government imposes a mandatory 14 day self quarantine for all travellers coming from affected countries. Travelers are obliged to cover the quarantine related costs.
People continued to reel from the impacts of flooding which affected over 1 million people in 2020. Physical access to the hardest hit Jonglei and Greater Pibor Administrative Area remained challenging, deepening people's vulnerabilities.
2,331 persons  ( 985 male and 1,188 female )  provided with Protection assistance.  [ data by IOM as of Quarter3, 2020 ]
8,106 persons reached with Protection and GBV awareness messages.  [ data by IOM as of Quarter3, 2020 ]
181 women and persons with disabilities engaged in empowerment activities.  [ data by IOM as of Quarter3, 2020 ]
Gaps & Constraints • $2.5 M funding required for the remaining prioritized 135,000 flood affected people in need of ES/NFI response. • Insecurity and violence in some flood affected locations in Jonglei and Warrap, affected delivery of response. • The COVID 19 emergency response has depleted ES/NFI core pipeline stocks, resulting in delayed flood response.
As per Government of South Sudan regulations, certain establishments  ( e.g. markets, slaughter slabs, food shops )  remain open to ensure people have access to essential food supplies. However, such places are often crowded and therefore risk and exposure to COVID 19 may increase. It is thus important to ensure that these places are continuously disinfected.
Review of needs found 7.2 million people in need of assistance or protection, upto from 7.1 million estimated in the 2019 Humanitarian Needs Overview
At the time of the assessment, UNDSS provided one professional firefighter to cover the entirety of the site, who has the option of attending in a firefighting vehicle, equipped with foam making equipment, firefighting pump and hose and a 3,000lt water tank, or a small Polaris firefighting vehicle. There are also a number of water tankers available.
1.4 million malnourished children  [ Jan Dec 2020 ]
In 2020, the government of South Sudan re committed itself to addressing grave violations against children by signing a comprehensive Action Plan on all six grave violations
In partnership with Inter State Committee on Cattle Seasonal Migration  ( ICCSM ) , IOM conducted a mobile peace response intervention to address tensions related to early cattle migration in Agok, Gettee, Kayango, and Kangi bomas of Udici Payam within Jur River area, WBeG State
Partners have pre positioned food, nutrition and medical supplies in hard to reach areas of Aweil South in field locations for rainy season response.
Based on nationwide South Sudan   Urban Multi Sector Needs, Vulnerabilities and COVID 19 Impact Survey  ( FSNMS+ )  assessment, the risk of GBV is identified high as 49 per cent of surveyed households expressed concern on GBV and 34 per cent of households travel more than 30 minutes to fetch water. Similarly, 49 per cent of affected women and girls who are in need of services have no access to GBV services and only 12 per cent of the community have awareness on available GBV services.
UNICEF and partners also supported the planning and implementation of preventive oral cholera vaccine  ( OCV )  campaigns planned and implemented in Bor and Pibor in response to the high risk of cholera following the recurrence of flooding in Jonglei and Upper Nile.
In 2020, UNICEF through partners provided curative consultations to 1,780,755 individuals  ( 815,526 male and 965,229 females including 812,471 children under the age of 5 and 968,284 children over 5 years through static Health Facilities, rapid response mechanisms and Boma Health initiatives.
GBV continues to be severely under reported due to stigma, the survivors are often abandoned, with most receiving no legal assistance to help them seek justice, and with children born out of rape facing multiple protection risks. Despite preventive actions by humanitarian actors, all forms of GBV continue to be reported in and near Protection of Civilians  ( PoC )  sites as young men and armed elements acting with impunity often prey on, sexually assault, and loot from women and girls who venture to fetch firewood, cultivate crops or access markets.
The overall number of people in need increased marginally from 7.46 million stated in the HNO, to 7.52 million, mainly due to better assessment coverage. In 27 of South Sudan's 78 counties, the number of people in need increased by a total of 402,000 while in 25 counties, the number of people in need decreased by some 335,000. In the remaining counties, the number of people remained static from the original needs analysis.
Sub national violence and insecurity continued to uproot people. Some 25,000 people fled to Juba due to sub national violence in Terekeka County, Central Equatoria. In Lainya County, Central Equatoria, some 3,500 people were displaced after the South Sudan People's Defence Forces  ( SSPDF )  soldiers attacked civilians following fighting between the SSPDF and the National Salvation Front
1.32 million people assisted by WFP in July 2020
More than 5 new hazardous areas are discovered each day which includes mines, UXO, ERW.
In addition, more than 300,000 refugees do not have sufficient CCCM support.
Over 250 humanitarian organizations are in need of common logistics service provision to deliver cargo and passenger movement to flood affected locations.
Protection: • 100% of the accessed displaced persons in Padar are worried of being kick out of the cattle camp they are temporary living in. • Sometimes difficult for women and vulnerable people to ease themselves because of too much water. •There was a threat of aquatic animals' e.g. crocodiles when crossing water points. ( Aug 2020 )
Shelter/ NFI: Houses were submerged in water and most of them collapsed • Most families were displaced to drier/ higher areas whereby they have no shelters and the displaced are sleeping in open places. • Many households in locations assessed have experienced collapsing of tukuls and estimated number of 700 tukuls have been reported as destroyed by flood water. ( Aug 2020 )
Girls are engaged in searching for firewood and wild food exposing them at high risk of GBV.
An UXO discovered along Torit Magwi road in Magwi County. On 21 October, a partner discovered an unexploded ordinance  ( UXO )  about 40km from Torit along Torit Magwi road in Torit County.
• UNHAS transported 2,432 passengers and 62 mt of light humanitarian cargo to 55 destinations across South Sudan. UNHAS performed three medical evacuations on behalf of three organization from Agok, Rubkona and Yei to Juba. UNHAS transported ten COVID 19 suspected samples from Mundri and Rubkona to Juba.
The Logistics Cluster continues to temporarily offer the river service from Juba to Bor to address the identified logistical gap preventing the use of the Juba – Bor road  ( cut off due to high water levels of the Nile river ) .
In Rumbek East and Cueibet counties, Lakes, WFP has been working with Norwegian People's Aid  ( NPA )  to implement FFA which supports over 5,300 households in the two counties.
In comparison with December 2018, food assistance receipts for cereals were higher in Unity at 45.2 percent, but lower in Jonglei and Upper Nile State at 19.7 percent and 13.5 percent respectively. The sustained access to food assistance to in these states contributed to the current reduction in food insecurity in these locations.