nlp-thedeep/humsetbias huggingface dataset:
The 2020 Humanitarian Needs Overview and Humanitarian Response Plan  ( HRP )  was updated to include the increase in needs as a result of COVID 19, with the number of people in need going up to 10.6 million. In 2020, the humanitarian community is aiming to reach 7.8 million people in dire need of humanitarian assistance and COVID 19 specific responses with a financial appeal of $1.08 billion. The plan is currently only 14.7 per cent funded half way through the year, signaling the urgent need for increased financial support.
Restrictions in inter state movements coupled with strict lockdown measures especially in Borno State made it more difficult for partners to access people in need, as well as vendors, especially in the urban and peri urban areas. Partners also faced challenges in pre positioning food in the Local Government Areas  ( LGAs )  in the deep field. Access to food was also made more difficult given price increases on food and agricultural inputs due to a both lockdown measures and restrictions in movements of traders.
In selected LGAs in Yobe and Borno a total of 5,017 children of ages six to 59 months with moderate acute malnutrition received intensive care through the targeted supplementary feeding programme  ( TSFP )  by providing specialized supplementary foods  ( super cereal )  or locally formulated supplementary foods  ( Tom Brown ) . Over 98 per cent of those in the programme were discharged cured in the month of April.
To prevent acute malnutrition among the pregnant and breastfeeding women, Nutrition Sector partners reached 82,109 in March and April mainly in IDP camps, but also in communities with returnees and host populations who are directly affected by conflict.
The WASH Sector support all priority IDP camps and LGAs to develop business continuity plans, highlighting the need to maintain the current level of WASH services even when movement is restricted or locked down during the COVID 19 response.
Water trucking remains an expensive option to increase water access to populations where coverage is low, while ground water potential is a challenge or new influx occurred/new covid19 cases identified. Long term design plans and investment is required to upgrade systems and reticulate water for maximum productivity.
Partners are constructing quarantine shelters in Banki, Pulka and Gwoza  ( which are all border areas receiving refugees from neighbouring Cameroon )  in Borno State while several other locations await provision of land by local authorities to enable construction. The CCCM Sector drafted Standard Operating Procedures for managing quarantine centres together with Health partners. Partners also set up hand washing stations across camp and camp like settings to mitigate the spread of COVID 19.
In Bakassi IDP camp, Borno State, CCCM partners are piloting an awareness survey on community response, containment methods and referral pathways for preventing and responding to COVID 19. In Banki, the first group of 297 refugee returnees from Cameroon completed their initial 14 days in the quarantine safe space, and have joined their families in Bama, Pulka and Gwoza.
To prepare, respond and adapt to the COVID 19 pandemic, a series of CCCM technical working group meetings were held. The Borno State Government passed a law limiting movements into IDP camps, leading CCCM partners to design a business continuity plan  ( BCP )  in accordance with the guiding principles of the Government and WHO to prevent the spread of COVID 19. The CCCM Sector and its partners rolled out COVID 19 Sector Guidelines, in line with business continuity planning.
In March and April, around 27,000 individuals received NFI support including NFI kits containing kitchen sets, mats and other household essentials or cash assistance to purchase NFIs. The Shelter/NFI Sector supported its partners to map and set out the extension of the perimeter trenches in Dikwa LGA of Borno State to secure additional land to build new shelters and expand IDP camps in that location. The Sector has also developed a site plan for Stadium Camp extension 1 and extension 2 in Maiduguri for the construction of 293 emergency shelters, and also provided construction materials to support the process.
[ 19thJun2020,Nigeria ]  Until the resurgence of the infections in December, Nigeria never had a higher number of daily infections than the 745 reported on June 19.
Further, the Sector continues to distribute risk mitigation information, education and communication materials provided by WHO and WASH partners. The lockdown measures and movement restrictions affected the Shelter/NFI response during the reporting period due to logistics constraints and delayed procurement processes. Shelter partners used stockpiled or pre positioned items to provide immediate emergency assistance for newly displaced families.
COVID 19 prevention measures and movement restrictions are mounting additional pressure on affected communities as livelihood opportunities are limited and it is becoming more challenging to get basic goods such as fire wood. These consequences of COVID 19 are leading affected populations to negative coping mechanisms that exacerbate protection concerns.
News was the main source of information among 64 per cent of respondents in Sokoto, 49 per cent in Nasarawa, 43 per cent in Kaduna and 41 per cent in Zamfara states. Radio, religious leaders and local committees, reportedly, did not provide any information about the disease.. Interestingly, the findings for similar surveys done in the conflict affected northeastern States had placed news as the main source of information.
When asked about level of awareness about the diseases among their community residing in camp and camp like settings, 38 per cent of respondents felt that everyone knew about COVID 19, 33 per cent said most people knew about it, while 22 per cent said a few of the people knew about the disease.
Given that living conditions are cramped and mitigation measures to COVID 19 are all the more necessary, a high of 65 per cent of respondents living in camps and camps like settings were not taking mitigation measures to COVID 19.
35 per cent were taking mitigation measures. 100% per cent of respondents in Sokoto, 88 per cent in Katsina, 80 per cent in Zamfara, 75 per cent in Nasarawa and 67 per cent in Kano states said they were not taking mitigation measures while 100 per cent of the respondents in Plateau and Sokoto observe all mitigation measures put in place to prevent contacting the virus, 43 per cent in Benue and 33 per cent in Kano said they follow all mitigation measures.
Atypically high humanitarian assistance needs are present across the country with the highest level of need and most severe outcomes present in the northeast, driven by continued conflict. Moreover, atypically high assistance needs also persist in the northwest due to conflict, and in urban centers due to COVID 19 related restrictions.
As of June 30, there were 25,694 confirmed COVID 19 cases and 590 associated deaths across 35 states and the Federal Capital Territory  ( FCT ) . 561 new confirmed cases and 17 deaths were recorded in Nigeria between June 29 and 30. As of June 30, Lagos, FCT, Oyo, and Kano States have the highest total number of COVID 19 cases with 10,510, 1,870, 1,380, and 1,201 cases, respectively.
Most lockdown measures were present in urban centers, limiting population movement. However, movement restrictions are not strictly observed or enforced. Conversely, restrictions to cross border movement with neighboring countries are enforced.
[ 24/08/2020  20/09/2020,Bauchi, Kaduna states ]  Hygiene Promotion and Distribution of IEC materials Awareness messages on COVID  19 and prevention strategies emphasizing handwashing, hygiene promotion messages, signs and symptoms of COVID 19, was carried out through ward officers, volunteer hygiene promoters, town announcers with motorized public address units as well as through house to house/person to person campaigns. UNICEF trained Volunteer Hygiene Promoters  ( VHPs )  at community level reached roughly 127,951 people during the reporting month in four LGAs in Bauchi  ( 117,651 )  and three LGAs in Kaduna  ( 10,300 )  state.
According to the IMF, the economy is experiencing twin shocks: the significant decrease in the crude oil prices and the COVID 19 pandemic slowing economic activity.
While global oil prices have slightly rebounded, prices are still lower at 27.90 USD/barrel in May relative to before the COVID 19 pandemic in January when global oil prices where 66.68 USD/barrel. As oil production has been cut and prices are low, government revenue and foreign reserves have decreased  ( Figure 1 ) .
The specter of COVID 19 represents not only a new biological risk that exacerbates excess mortality in these vulnerable communities, but also a new emotional and social stress, which transitively increases the likelihood of stigmatization within communities and marginalized groups. Already, communities are reporting that collective support to relatives and friends with illnesses is waning under social pressure, undermining an important local norm.
With schools shuttered and employment disrupted, many youth who had traveled for educational and livelihoods opportunities have returned to their home communities where they are viewed as possible carriers of the virus. Meanwhile, communities also note an increase in antisocial behavior among youth, including looting of government sponsored food assistance and widespread refusal to adhere to COVID 19 public health guidance from community leaders.
In Benue, 20 per cent of respondents said nobody had access to soap/water. Among IDPs living in camps and camp like settings, most sites reportedly had access to soap/water at  ( 32% ) , 21 percent said everyone in the site had access to soap/water, 19 percent said a few people had access to soap/water while 13 percent said about half of the people had access to soap/water
Among IDPs residing with host communities, 44 per cent of the respondents said that most had access to soap/water, 24 per cent said everyone in the sites reportedly had access to soap/water, 17 per cent of the IDPs in the sites said about half of the people had access to soap/water, while only 12 per cent of respondent reportedly to that only a few people had access to soap/water.
Foreign trade, aggregated by exports and imports, declined by about 18 percent in the first three months of the year relative to the fourth quarter of 2019, largely driven by crude oil exports. Trade and international market activities have been constrained during the global lockdown associated with the pandemic.
Moreover, international flight restrictions and land border closures are limiting regional trade activities, resulting in decreases in government revenue and limiting income earning among populations reliant on cross border movement. Both domestic and international trade flows have substantially declined across the country. The six seaports are operational, though due to restrictions, the flow of goods is slower than normal.
[ 24/08/2020  20/09/2020, North East Nigeria ]  20 CP community volunteers and social workers  ( 10 men and 10 women )  were trained on VAC/HP/GBV risk mitigation and referrals mechanisms for survivors in addition to strategic principles on COVID 19 community awareness.
In the midst of these complex challenges exacerbated by COVID 19, international non governmental organizations  ( INGOs )  have been working to provide a range of life saving services across the health, food security, shelter, water sanitation and hygiene  ( WASH ) , and protection sectors. However, the delivery of humanitarian assistance for COVID 19 also risks fueling underlying conflicts within communities as well as new conflict dynamics.
COVID 19 Adaptations: As with the Conflict Analysis Workshops, Mercy Corps and local partners were able to safely continue holding consultations and action planning sessions during the pandemic by utilizing masks, hand washing, respiratory hygiene, and social distancing both at and in transit to workshops. Consultation and planning were oriented to identify specific grievances, needs, and opportunities related to COVID 19.
These tensions are pervasive across Borno State and undermine the ability of humanitarian actors to fulfill their missions and uphold their commitment to the principles of Do No Harm and conflict sensitivity.
In the midst of COVID 19, communities have reported a spike in domestic disputes and violence due to lockdown measures, exacerbating existing tensions over shifts in gender norms.
Nonetheless, there is an information gap in the way that local communities believe INGOs are directing their assistance, resulting in escalating IDP host community conflict, such as borehole disputes in Dikwa LGA and shelter disputes in Gwoza LGA. In areas where IDP host community tensions already exist, stereotypes that IDPs have poor hygiene are fueling additional stigmatization of IDPs as likely carriers of COVID 19.
[ 1st Dec 2020,Nigeria ]  The Nigeria Centre for Disease Control  ( NCDC )  has announced 281 new infections of the Coronavirus  ( COVID 19 )  in the country. The NCDC made this known via its verified Website on Tuesday.
On 03 August 2020, IOM's DTM program carried out an assessment to ascertain the level of damage sustained in camps and camp like settings due to heavy windstorm and rainfall on the 2nd of August 2020. Overall, 9 camps were affected in Bama, Jere, Maiduguri and Konduga LGAs. The worst hit of the camps assessed was the Faria Gidan Block camp in Jere LGA where a heavy rainfall left 115 makeshift shelters damaged and an estimated 345 individuals without shelter due to flooding. Other affected camps are: GSSS Camp Bama in Bama LGA, Borgoza Camp in Maiduguri Metropolitan Council, Federal Training Center Camp  ( Dalori I )  Camp, 400 Housing Estate  ( Gubio Camp )  in Konduga LGA and Madinatu Camp, Al Yakub Camp, El miskin Center, Fulatari Camp in Jere LGA.
[ 1st Dec 2020,Nigeria ] The agency said that the infections brought the total number of cases in Nigeria to 67,838. Of the new infections, data obtained from the agency's website showed that Lagos State recorded the highest number of infections with 123, while the Federal Capital Territory, Kaduna and Imo reported 64, 38 and 15 infections respectively.
[ 1st Dec 2020,Nigeria ] The NCDC stated that there were three COVID 19 deaths in the past 24 hours in Nigeria.
To encourage engagement in agriculture activities and reduce the impact of COVID 19 related restrictions on the ongoing season, the government recently resuscitated the National Agricultural Land Development Authority  ( NALDA ) . NALDA recruited over 77,00 young farmers to engage in agriculture activities ranging from cropping to animal husbandry by providing them with inputs. Furthermore, the government is providing inputs such as fertilizer and improved seeds at subsidized rates.
[ 02/07/2020, Nigeria ]  Access to information and technology. About 43% of the population are receiving information through awareness campaigns led by humanitarian organisations. Female headed households, adolescents' girls, older populations and persons with disabilities have even further limitations and are at a higher risk of being misinformed not only due to their increased illiteracy but also inaccessible communications formats as well as reduced mobility.
The real count is likely obscured by low testing: as of August 10, there were only 1.55 tests administered per 1,000 people. According to WHO, community transmission is likely occurring. As such, the actual number of cases and spread of the disease is expected to be higher than official reports.
The COVID 19 pandemic has also had macro level impacts on Nigeria, which have knock on effects for poor households' food access. Over 90 percent of Nigeria's export earnings are from the export of crude oil, and the decline in global crude oil prices has had a notable, negative impact on the Nigerian economy.
While COVID 19 related restrictions have eased, many poor households are expected to continue facing difficulty meeting their basic food and non food needs. The GoN and humanitarian actors provided humanitarian food assistance to over 3 million people in April and May; however, it is anticipated needs exceed the current delivery of assistance. Overall, 6 to 7 million people are expected to be in need of humanitarian food assistance during the current June to September lean season.
The GoN began easing movement restrictions in early June; however, food security among poor households across Nigeria continues to be negatively impacted by the combination of measures that remain in place and a general economic slowdown, both globally and domestically
Voluntary community mobilizers  ( VCMs )  in all three states of Sokoto Field Office have been trained and equipped with face masks and soaps to sensitize communities on COVID 19 as well as creating awareness on measles. Training of the additional 1,000 community mobilizers is ongoing who will support in non VCM covered areas reaching all households with messages on COVID 19 prevention. In Adamawa 1,808 town announcers were trained to support the dissemination of key messages on COVID 19.
Awareness campaigns were the most common means of getting information on COVID 19 at 35 per cent, followed closely by news at 34 per cent and word of mouth at 29 per cent. When comparing the level of awareness by states, awareness campaigns in Katsina were the highest among the assessed states at 61 per cent, 53 per cent in Plateau, 40 per cent in Kano, 39 per cent in Zamfara and 35 per cent in Benue state.
[ 14thDec2020,Adamawa ]  North East Nigeria continues to experience significant humanitarian needs after over 11 years of conflict affecting the Lake Chad region.
[ 07   13 September 2020, Borno ] Mobbar: 386 arrivals were recorded in Mobbar LGA of Borno state. All 386 arrivals were from Diffa region in Niger Republic. All movements recorded were as a result of conflict/attack. Bama: 159 arrivals and 5 departures were recorded in Bama LGA of Borno state. The arrivals included 100 from Marwa region in Cameron and 59 from Bama LGA of Borno state. All departures were recorded from Bama LGA of Borno state. 72 per cent of the movements recorded were triggered by poor living conditions while the remaining 28 per cent relocated voluntarily.
Benue and Kaduna state had the highest percentage of respondent who said they did not take mitigation measures  ( 91% ) , closely followed by Katsina with 83 per cent, then Sokoto, Nasarawa and Zamfara states with 80, 80 and 71 per cent, respectively. 64 per cent of IDPs in Plateau and 44 per cent in Kano said they were taking all the mitigation measures to prevent infection by the highly contagious COVID 19 in their respective locations.
[ 18th Nov 2020, Nigeria ] The 152 new cases were reported from 12 states. These are Lagos  ( 61 ) , Oyo  ( 39 ) , FCT  ( 13 ) , Yobe  ( 10 ) , Bauchi  ( 6 ) , Kaduna  ( 5 ) , Kano  ( 4 ) , Kwara  ( 4 ) , Plateau  ( 4 ) , Edo  ( 2 ) , Ogun  ( 2 ) , Rivers  ( 2 ) .
A high of 88 per cent respondents felt that the health centers are not prepared for handling the threat of COVID 19. 12 per cent of respondents felt that the health centers were prepared. Benue state had the highest  ( 97% )  percentage of respondents who felt health centers were not prepared to handle the threat of COVID 19, followed by Kaduna with 98%.
A group of 90 representatives in Enigu drawn from the community, representatives of traditional leaders, religious leaders and professional associations led by the Nigeria Medical Association in Ebonyi, Anambra and Imo states committed to provide COVID 19 awareness and prevention messages to the community. In Kaduna 22 Temporary Market Sites  ( Kaduna, Kafanchan and Zaria )  people were sensitized on COVID 19 prevention.
[ 01/07/2020,BAY states  ]  Over 60% of internally displaced persons  ( IDPs )  across the three most conflict affected states of Borno, Adamawa, and Yobe  ( BAY states )  reside within host communities. Heavy migration of IDPs to these areas stretches already limited services and livelihoods, and makes it more difficult for humanitarian actors to identify and reach those in need. In densely populated host communities with limited health and hygiene infrastructure, the outbreak and spread of disease is a grave concern.
[ 12 October 2020, BAY states ] The nutrition situation across Borno, Adamawa and Yobe  ( BAY )  states remains of great concern with increased rates of acute malnutrition attributed to the effects of the COVID 19 pandemic, poor sanitation conditions during the ongoing rainy season, and reduced access to adequate food during the lean season. The number of severe acute malnutrition  ( SAM )  cases admitted to nutrition treatment programmes continues is higher than last year a 50 per cent increase in mortality rate was reported in June and July.
[ 18/08/2020, North East Nigeria ]  Hundreds of people are missing from a town in northeast Nigeria following an attack by suspected Boko Haram fighters on August 18.
[ 31/08/2020, Nigeria ]  The caseload of the International Committee of the Red Cross  ( ICRC )  in Nigeria, with nearly 23,000 missing people, is its largest in Africa, out of a total of 44,000 missing on the continent. It is the ICRC's highest number registered in any country in the world.
[ 01/09/2020, North East Nigeria ] High risk of COVID 19 spread due to various factors including population living in congested IDP camps, weak surveillance due to insecurity issues, porous international borders, poor compliance in the use of facemask, social distancing, and good hygiene practices by the general public.
[ 31/08/2020, Nigeria ]  Hassan is part of Jire Dole, a network of survivors and relatives of missing persons of the Boko Haram conflict. The group's leaders have put together a list of more than 3,000 missing people in their communities and are documenting more.
[ 11/10/2020, Adamawa ]  The latest update came a few weeks after the NCDC warned that there is likely to be an even more devastating second wave of coronavirus in states such as Adamawa due to the non compliance to COVID 19 health guidelines. The health agency said it is only when more persons are tested that the spread of this deadly disease can be addressed and tamed.
Migratory labor across the country and from neighboring countries is disrupted by restrictions to interstate and crossborder movement, limiting labor supply in high potential areas in the north. This is reducing engagement in agriculture. Similarly, labor wages are slightly below average as labor demand is also below average including for agriculture.
The Federal government of Nigeria commenced phase two of easing the lockdown with relaxing the nationwide curfew to 10:00 PM – 4:00 AM daily, however, healthcare workers and journalists are exempted from this curfew. Banks have resumed normal working hours, while government offices will be open 9:00 AM – 2:00 PM, Monday to Friday. The ban on interstate movement remains in effect except for agricultural produce, petroleum products, manufactured goods, and essential services. Face masks or coverings are mandatory in public settings and handwashing/sanitizing practices must continue to be followed, though observations have shown high levels of non compliance.
The Minister of Health, Osagie Ehanire, also appealed to Nigerians to adhere to the protocols aimed at reducing the spread of the virus in the country. Compliance with all the recommended measures like wearing your masks, social distancing, avoiding gatherings etc will go a long way to help.
COVID 19 posed a serious challenge to implementing resilience and recovery activities across Borno, Adamawa and Yobe states due to government imposed travel restrictions. The presence of Sector partners has been limited to a few essential staff, with many staff working from home, reducing supervision and monitoring of activities.
[ 20th Dec2020,Nigeria ] On Sunday, 501 new cases of COVID 19 were reported in the country.As of 11:55 p.m. on December 20, a total of 78,434 cases had been reported, out of which 68,303 had recovered and 1,221 deaths recorded.
[ 20th 26th Dec2020,Nigeria ] Lagos State remains the epicentre for the disease with the highest number of confirmed cases and deaths in the country. The other five states with the highest number of confirmed cases are FCT, Kaduna, Plateau, Oyo and Rivers states. Of the 36 states and the FCT, only Adamawa, Zamfara and Kogi did not record at least a fresh case last week. It should be noted that only Kogi State has no active COVID 19 case currently and has also not recorded a new case in several weeks amidst its reluctance to test residents for the virus.
Within this fragile context of weak governance, insecurity, conflict, and displacement, the situation in Borno State is highly precarious and ripe for the rapid transmission of COVID 19. As of August 30, Borno recorded 740 cases and 36 deaths from the virus. Unfortunately, testing rates have remained extremely low and contact tracing has widely failed, with 73% of all confirmed cases as having an unknown source of transmission.
Lockdowns and social distancing measures can have the effect of curtailing political participation and closing civic space by cancelling elections, curtailing free speech, and restricting public demonstrations. All of these types of public health related governance stresses can exacerbate COVID 19 epidemiology, undermine the legitimacy of the state, and deepen the risk of recurring violence in contexts in the midst of conflict.
In these workshops, it has been suggested that palliatives including rice, cooking oil, and other food items were channeled through political parties and their loyalists, instead of existing community structures, such as distribution committees that enlist diverse local actors to identify the most vulnerable families to be targeted for assistance. As a result, communities aligned with the ruling All Progressives Congress  ( APC )  Party have been the primary beneficiaries of COVID 19  related aid, while communities aligned with the opposition People's Democratic Party  ( PDP )  have been left out. These instances only deepen existing political cleavages that undermine neutral COVID 19 assistance to communities and highlight the distance between the GoN and its citizens.
Youth have also been a primary target of stigmatization. This trend is underpinned by enduring intergenerational conflict across Borno State, whereby community elders feel disrespected by youth, while youth feel marginalized in decision making and under supported in their livelihoods needs. As a result, many youth are viewed as lazy and violent, using drugs, and perpetrating criminality in the community, according to recent conflict analysis. The COVID 19 pandemic has only further exacerbated these perceptions
Widespread belief in COVID 19 rumors and conspiracy theories has filled the void created by mistrust in government and international actors and the limited role that credible actors have played in information campaigns to date. Communities are especially susceptible to misinformation because 64% of Nigerians trust social media, with a particular reliance on WhatsApp, where audio messages can overcome barriers of illiteracy.
COVID 19 Adaptations: Radio Listening Groups have added specific content on dispelling rumors about COVID 19 and addressing conflict drivers that have emerged and intensified during the pandemic. The COVID 19 Rumor Tracker is a new program activity created specifically to respond to the widespread community disbelief in COVID 19 and limited effectiveness of current sensitization efforts.
COVID 19 prevention measures have led to lockdown and travel restrictions to contain the spread of the virus in the region. These measures have forced ETS staff to work remotely with only one critical staff working from the office. The pandemic has also caused some delays in the recruitment and deployment of local and international staff.
The economic crisis as a result of the COVID 19 pandemic is affecting communities and local economies in Borno, Adamawa and Yobe states. Lockdown measures and movement restrictions have disrupted livelihood opportunities. Reduction of basic services and livelihoods are exacerbating the vulnerabilities of affected people such as increased unemployment and loss of remittances.
Daily laborers and people engaging in cash for work activities are the most affected due to restricted labour migration and closure of small businesses. Youth and women in the informal sector are also hard hit. Supply shortages as a result of movement restrictions are also reducing economic opportunities and decreasing rural and urban incomes thereby affecting people's ability to buy basic commodities. This economic downturn is making it more difficult to lay the foundations for sustainable recovery and a return to longer term development in the north east.
In March and April, Early Recovery partners continued to rehabilitate or construct market stalls and classroom blocks in Adamawa State. Partners rehabilitated six market stalls in Madagali LGA and built two new ones in Michika LGA. In addition, five classroom blocks in Madagali LGA and four in Michika LGA were rehabilitated. Partners also started rehabilitation work on two slaughterhouses in Adamawa State. To complete the various rehabilitation and construction work, partners provided emergency employment opportunities to 74 skilled workers and 842 unskilled workers through the cashfor work modality.
In Askira/Uba LGA of Borno State, Early Recovery partners rehabilitated four boreholes and one manual hand pump benefiting approximately 1,500 people. In addition, partners are drilling a new borehole at the Hussara Health Centre, which will benefit 2,500 people. Construction of new incinerators at the Yimir Ali and Chul Primary Health Centres is ongoing. Furthermore, sector partners rehabilitated 22 boreholes in Geidam and Yunusari LGAs in Yobe State, to increase water supply for domestic use and agricultural production.
In Maiduguri, Borno State, partners continued to carry out waste management activities. A total of 3,312 people  ( 2,578 men and 734 women )  were employed through cash for work and cleaned up waste in 23 community areas across 10 wards.
In March and April, Sector partners trained crisis affected people on vocational and business skills to increase their livelihood opportunities in MMC, Bama, Ngala and Damasak LGAs of Borno State. A total of 390 people received training in various skills such as carpentry, tailoring, shoe making, micro business, pasta making, baking and extracting groundnut oil.
In Yobe State, 100 people received small businesses and livestock apprenticeship training, while partners also raised awareness on preventing the spread of COVID 19. In Damaturu, the capital of Yobe State, vocational training such as tailoring, fashion and design, building and interlocking, and cosmetology is ongoing for 30 trainees. The trainees will also undergo a competency test, financial literacy and business development trainings, after which they will receive business start up kits
Among IDPs residing with host communities, 36 per cent of respondents said that COVID 19 had not disrupted services like food distribution, markets, WASH, health, education, protection, water trucking, and others. 48 per cent said the interrupted services were onsite and 16 per cent said they were offsite, this is similar to the situation in camps and camp like settings, 71 per cent of respondents in Zamfara  ( highest among all states )  said that services were not interrupted. Sokoto followed at 70 per cent and Benue at 59 per cent.
In Jere and MMC LGAs, Borno State, partners trained 92 youth on employability and life skills including work place preparedness, professional and personal development, and job application processes. Partners are also currently providing technical training support to 125 youth on business and entrepreneurship skills.
In respect to respondents who said that services like food distribution, markets, WASH, health, education, protection, water trucking, and other services had been affected, 32 per cent said the interrupted services were onsite and 17 per cent said they were offsite. In Zamfara, none of the respondents interviewed said there was any disruption in services, followed by Benue at 71 per cent and Nasarawa at 50 per cent.
On the 5th of August 2020 Industry and labour: This stipulates normal working hours for both the public and private sectors. However, the leadership of these institutions are to ensure the provision of sanitisers and appropriate personal protective equipment to all workers and also ensure strict compliance with their usage 3. Community activities: Asides recent resumption of exiting students, schools are encouraged to continue with e learning and virtual teaching until further notice. The restriction on outdoor communal  ( non contact )  sports has been removed and the use of recreational parks for supervised physical exercise permitted.
( 23 Jun 2020 ) : In Borno State, most roads leading in and out of Maiduguri, the state capital, are insecure for civilians and aid workers. Across the three states, some 1.2 million people are out of reach for humanitarian organizations and deprived of much needed assistance and civil authority services. Humanitarian organizations have faced increased access constraints and security related incidents that hamper more effective humanitarian response in the three states. With the upsurge in attacks over the past year, and specifically in recent months, aid organizations were forced to scale down activities and temporarily withdraw their staff in some areas.
In the north eastern Nigerian states of Borno, Adamawa and Yobe  ( BAY ) , where 10.6 million people are currently in need of life saving humanitarian aid, violent attacks and insecurity in some areas have made it difficult for humanitarian actors to reach some of the most vulnerable people.
Since 2016, humanitarian actors have increasingly been providing support through cash based assistance to ensure that essential needs are met, while providing an avenue for the most vulnerable to become self reliant and participate in economic activities that boost local market.
[ 21st 23rd Dec2020,Nigeria ] On Monday, 356 new cases of the pandemic were reported in the country. On Tuesday, 999 new cases were reported. On Wednesday, 1,133 new cases of COVID 19 were reported in the country.
Statistics from the field show that 65.68% of the PoCs interviewed have reduced their food ratio to be able to cope with the new normal, while 36.84% accepted lower wages. A good percentage of the respondents  ( 33.76% )  reported that they sold their assets and 20.36% subject their wards to child labor; situation that could easily degenerate into SGBV, if not checked. Only 10% of the respondents appear to absorb the shock and maintain status quo.
On Monday night, Nigeria recorded one its lowest coronavirus infection toll in nearly six months with 132 new cases and one death, authorities said.
Monday's tally is however higher than the 79 cases reported on Sunday night. This means there were 53 more cases than the figure recorded on Sunday.
The new cases have now taken the total number of infections in the country to 56, 388. There are still almost 11, 000 active cases while about 44, 337 patients have recovered and have been discharged across the country's 36 states and Abuja, the capital.
Nigeria's testing regime has however remained a cause for concern. Only about 440, 000 of the country's 200 million people have been tested thus far.
The proliferation of conflicts, effect of COVID 19 and global oil prices may further impact on a seemingly ineffectual campaign to address Nigeria's security challenges.
Facilities and service delivery points for GBV services, such as women and girl's friendly spaces, integrated/women empowerment facilities, and one stop centres, have set up hand washing facilities and put hygiene measures in place to ensure staff and beneficiaries adhere to public health standards.
Partners also set up designated areas  ( temporary confinement spaces or rooms )  with dignity for beneficiaries showing signs or symptoms of COVID 19 while health teams are contacted. Partners also procured and provided COVID 19 prevention items and supplies to protection desks and women and girls friendly spaces. Moreover, GBV response teams in referral centres are following Infection, Prevention and Control procedures.
The Child Protection Sub Sector worked on documenting and sharing adapted modalities for child protection service delivery in the context of the pandemic based on global guidance and the local context. The survey sought to understand which modalities were used by child protection actors to provide services for children and caregivers. The modalities most utilized by the respondent organizations were:   Strengthening of community based child protection mechanisms;   In person case management for high risk cases only;   Remote capacity building for staff and volunteers; and   In person psychosocial support for high risk caregivers only.
The GBVSS conducted mapping of critical GBV response stakeholders and updated GBV referral pathways. To support GBV response teams to respond appropriately, they were provided with personal protection supplies such as face masks, hand sanitizers, gloves, and other protective gear to meet the logistical needs of GBV survivors. GBV/PSEA messages were developed focusing on reporting channels, GBV service availability and referral pathways.
In relation to sources of information that children were most likely to trust the most as primary sources of COVID 19 information, parents and caregivers were observed as the most trusted source followed by child protection actors and then community and government leaders. For community members  ( 18 years and above ) , the most trusted source was observed to be religious leaders, followed by child protection and WASH actors and community and government leaders equally and then by health teams and medical personnel.
The GBV Sub Sector conducted a test run of Smart RR   a mobile application which enables survivors, social workers and service providers to report and refer GBV incidents to relevant service providers and authorities, conducts service mapping, automatically updates the referral directory, and collects and analyses referral data. The application is an innovation of a local NGO partner, built on the referral mechanism of the GBV Sub Sector to mitigate existing challenges such as underreporting and difficulties associated with accessing services.
A report made available to the News Agency of Nigeria  ( NAN )  on Wednesday night by NCDC showed a decline in sample collection for six states from May to August. The report indicated that all states analysed showed a significant decline in sample collection in August, with Federal Capital Territory  ( FCT )  having the least sample collection.
[ 01/07/2020,Damboa LGA, Borno ]  KIs from 6 settlements reported that misinformation  ( at least one rumor )  on COVID 19 was prevalent amongst residents. According to these KIs, COVID 19 is a punishment from god,  ( 5 ) , cannot infect Africans,  ( 3 ) , and home remedies cure COVID 19,  ( 2 ) , are most common.
The reduced presence of humanitarian personnel, especially in some of the deep field locations, has strained available services and limited access to GBV service provision. Meanwhile, frontline staff and response teams lack access to adequate basic personal supplies to enable them to respond appropriately to the identified needs.
Community based GBV prevention activities have also been limited due to physical distancing measures during the COVID19 pandemic. These are avenues through which communities are engaged on GBV awareness and avenues for seeking help for survivors.
Moreover, families directly affected by COVID 19 face serious stigma from community members especially when a family has been confirmed to be positive or is suspected. Additional efforts, including raising awareness to counter stigmatization, need to be undertaken to ensure the protection of people affected by COVID 19.
Travel by road between LGAs was largely restricted for the general public and humanitarian goods; measures to facilitate transportation of essential humanitarian staff and goods were largely not implemented in a timely manner. Travel by air for humanitarian workers between LGAs continued during the lock down periods.
Total COVID 19 test conducted 14,289 by Borno State o Initial test 14,099 o Follow up test 331
When asked about the level of awareness regarding the disease among their community residing in camps and camplike settings, 50 per cent of respondents  ( up from 44% in the last round of assessment )  felt that most people knew about it, this figure was highest in the most conflict affected state of Borno at 54% and lowest in Taraba at 29% ) ; 34 per cent  ( down from 33% )  of respondents felt that everyone knows about COVID 19.
[ 24th 26th Dec2020,Nigeria ] On Thursday, 1,041 new cases were reported in Nigeria, hence bringing the tally of confirmed cases to 81,963. On Friday, 712 new cases of the pandemic were recorded. On Saturday, 829 new cases were reported in Nigeria, hence bringing the tally of confirmed cases to 83,576 as of 11:55 p.m. on December 26.
Respondents residing with host communities also felt that most people  ( 46% )  knew about COVID 19, 31 per cent  ( down from 34% )  felt that everyone knew about the disease, 16 per cent  ( up from 13% )  felt half the people knew and a further 7 per cent  ( up from 6% )  felt that a few people knew about the disease.
Given that awareness campaign have increased, routine information on COVID 19 risk, disease transmission, and preventive measures such as proper and frequent hand washing, parts of the face area to avoid touching, and physical distancing were disseminated. Seventy seven per cent of respondents said routine information on COVID 19 was available, while 23 per cent said it was unavailable. Gombe had the highest number of respondents who found that information on COVID 19 was routinely available at 96 per cent, this figure was lowest in Taraba at 55 per cent.
A high of 90 per cent of IDPs residing with host communities in Taraba said no mitigation measures were put in place to prevent contracting COVID 19, followed by Bauchi and Yobe at 84 and 80 per cent respectively. Forty three per cent of IDPs residing with host communities in Gombe said that mitigation measures were put in place, followed by Borno and Adamawa at 31 and 27 per cent respectively.
Mr Aliyu said the existing nationwide curfew of 10 p.m to 4 a.m imposed by President Buhari to further limit the spread of the COVID 19 virus has been reviewed. He said the curfew would henceforth be from 12 midnight to 4 a.m. daily.
Hotels will continue to remain open while observing necessary preventive measures. Amusement parks, gyms and cinemas can open but at half capacity. Event centres that provide outdoor service spaces can open but not indoors event centres. Eateries and restaurants can only open for outdoor services and we will make sure this is complied with. Bars and night clubs will remain closed till further notice.
It is mandatory for persons coming into the country to have valid negative COVID PCR test results before boarding and this needs to be valid within 96 hours from accredited laboratories, preferably 72 hours before boarding.
Ninety six per cent  ( up from 94% )  of respondents said there have been no threats of evictions and 4 per cent said they had encountered threats of eviction. The highest per cent of respondents  ( 6% )  who said they have received threats of evictions were in Adamawa, followed by Gombe with 5 per cent, with Taraba and Yobe accounting for 4 per cent each
[ 27/04/2020, FCT, Lagos and Ogun ]  Nigeria imposed its first round of lockdown in March. Mr Buhari on April 27 announced the gradual easing of the five week lockdown in FCT, Lagos and Ogun State. The lockdown was eased to a nationwide night curfew  ( 8 p.m. to 6 a.m. )  from May 4 to May 17. The curfew was later amended by many state governments to commence from 10:00 p.m.
Among the respondents who said that services including distribution of food, markets, WASH, health, education, protection, water trucking, etc were affected, Gombe had the highest number of respondents at 63 per cent, out of which 57 per cent were offsite and 6 per cent were onsite, Bauchi had the least number of respondents who said that services were impacted at 30 per cent  ( 24% onsite and 6% offsite ) . In the most conflict affected State of Borno, 60 per cent of respondents said that COVID 19 had impacted their services. Of these, 32 per cent were onsite and 28 per cent were offsite.
In host communities where IDPs are residing, 49 per cent  ( down from 51% )  of respondents said there was no disruption of services due to the COVID 19 pandemic. Fifty one per cent of respondents in host communities said that services were disrupted, out of which 28 per cent were onsite and 23 per cent were offsite. In Borno State, 39 per cent of respondents said the pandemic had not caused any disruptions but 61 per cent said it had impacted adversely  ( 36% onsite and 25% offsite )
Begin adaptations and new initiatives with a community led analysis of the shifting needs, grievances, and conflict dynamics resulting from the pandemic. All COVID 19 response activities should include deeply engaging local communities in mapping changing conflict dynamics, basic service needs, governance pitfalls, and potential public health risks. This will ensure that implementing partners can continue investing in communities, while managing concerns around virus exposure.
In camps and camp like settings, 43 per cent  ( down from 49% )  of respondents said that there was no disruption of services. Fifty seven per cent of respondents said services including distribution of food, markets, WASH, health, education, protection, water trucking, etc.were disrupted, out of which 32 per cent were offsite and 25 per cent were onsite. In the most conflict affected State of Borno, 58 per cent  ( 33% offsite and 25% onsite )  of respondents said there was no disruption of services while 42 per cent said services were disrupted.
In 36 per cent  ( down from 43% )  of sites where IDPs are residing with host communities, most people have access to soap and water, about half the people in 27 per cent  ( up from 21% )  of sites had access. Everyone in 20 per cent  ( up from 17% )  of sites have access to soap and water, a few people in 15 per cent  ( down from 16% )  of sites have access to soap and water, and no IDP residing in 2 per cent  ( down from 3% )  of host communities with access.
Approaches to strengthening state society interactions that merit further testing and scale up include: o Government community dialogues, o Town hall forums, o Community score cards, o Participatory design workshops for COVID 19 response led by local governments, o Building local capacities for citizen centered advocacy.
[ 01/07/2020,Damboa LGA, Borno  ]  KIs from 10 assessed settlements reported that no handwashing facilities are publicly available to residents. All of the remaining 7 settlements were reported to have publicly available handwashing stations with both soap and water.
13 new cases were confirmed for the reported week. Total number of Confirmed Cases as at end of epi week 51 stands at 778. Total number of patients discharged for the week – 8. Cumulative number discharged so far   721. No death recorded in week 51. Total associated deaths – 36  ( 25 in Isolation facilities and 11 community death. )
[ 14th July 2021, Nigeria ]  It is more troubling to know that more Nigerians were forced below the poverty line in the past year resulting from the Coronavirus pandemic. Safety Nets are completely absent and so are food stamps, palliatives or cash transfers, leaving them to the mercy of aid after spending 100% of their income on food. This is corroborated in our previous research on discretionary income, which revealed that Nigerians who earned the minimum wage spent 95% on food. Other effects on the poor include dietary loss and outright hunger.
According to NCDC, till date, 41,804 cases have been confirmed, 18,764 cases have been discharged and 868 deaths have been recorded in 36 states and the Federal Capital Territory.