nlp-thedeep/humsetbias huggingface dataset:
Increased levels of psychosocial stress have been reported by child protection partners working in collective centres and parents have been struggling to console their children. Over 4,500 migrants and refugees, including 1,000 children are in eight detention centres close to the conflict lines and are in serious need of food, water, health care and protection services
Access to food remains a key need for people trapped in conflict areas, who cannot reach local stores or markets due to their closure or ongoing fighting, as well as for refugees and migrants in detention, where DCIM stopped providing or started rationing food or that cannot be reached by local providers due to the clashes.
The Mayor of Central Tripoli, Abdul Raouf Bait Al Mal, has confirmed the killing of more than 100 people and the injury of 496 others in Tripoli so far, as well as the displacement of 24 thousand citizens since the start of clashes in the suburbs of the capital two weeks ago
The administration of the Mitiga Airport in Tripoli said Sunday that the only functional airport in the Libyan capital has reopened after it was temporarily shut down due to an air strike in the city by Khalifa Haftar's Air Force fighter jets.
Around 1,800 children are currently in desperate need of leaving the area while another 7,300 have been displaced from their houses after being hit with clashes
Medical teams continue working relentlessly to evacuate and care for people wounded in the conflict. Since the start of the hostilities, 11 ambulances have been damaged. Medical personnel, facilities, and the wounded and sick must be protected
Children bear the brunt of the conflict. The academic school year has been suspended in conflict affected areas, impacting some 122,088 children in nine municipalities near Tripoli. Many schools have been closed as teachers are not able to report to work and parents are reluctant to send their children to school, fearing for their safety. Ten schools in Tripoli and Azzawiya have been turned into collective centres hosting displaced families. On the 15th April, the Ministry of Education reported that one of the Ministry's warehouses was shelled and thousands of textbooks and examination results were burnt
2,550 new IDPs were identified in Garabolli, Msallata, Tajoura, Tripoli, Swani bin Adam, Siddi Assayeh and Zwara in the past 24 hours, according to IOM DTM. In total nearly 27,000 individuals have fled their homes since the start of hostilities, with approximately 2,000 living in collective shelters set up by local authorities. Most displaced people stay with family and in private accommodation in neighborhoods and suburbs in Tripoli. Many IDP households remain in other areas of Tripoli close to the fighting, where they face continued risk of armed conflict.
On 17 April, Al Afia private clinic in Qasr bin Gashir came under rockets that resulted in the damage of two ambulances and generators, and prompted the evacuation of the international health personnel operating in the clinic. High levels of risk often prevent medical personnel to assist people in need or conduct rescue operations.
Shelter needs remain particularly high for refugees and migrants who left conflict affected areas. While most displaced Libyans stay with family or in private accommodation, many refugees and migrants cannot rely on friends and family and do require shelter support. Approximately 2,000 IDPs are currently sheltered in collective centres managed by local authorities.
Over the last two weeks, more than 25,000 persons have been displaced to several locations in Tripoli and across Libya. In addition, according to WHO, 189 persons  ( including 18 civilians )  were killed and more than 800 were injured as a consequence of clashes and indiscriminate shelling.
Fighting in Tripoli escalated dramatically in the last few days as the LNA began to make rapid advances to the edge of Tripoli. Thousands of families remain trapped in conflict affected areas as not all parities responded to calls for humanitarian corridors. As documented by several humanitarian actors, the neighbourhoods most affected by casualties in the last two weeks were Ain Zara, Khala, Azizya, Wadi Rabiya'aand Gasr Bin Ghashir.
Tripoli's healthcare system was heavily disrupted by the ongoing clashes. Many health facilities in conflict affected baladiyas were reportedly understaffed and overwhelmed. First responders were at particular risk, with reports of both accidental and deliberate attacks on ambulances.
Healthcare and food were respectively the second and third highest priorities, with KIs citing fully functional health facilities, the provision of common medicines and core food items, and a restoration of the electrical grid as particular needs.
General lawlessness including looting and criminal activities have been reported in southern Tripoli, contributing to the firm refusal by many civilians to leave their homes out of fear that their property would be damaged/looted. Many of the displaced families left relatives behind to protect their properties during the displacement. Additionally, protection actors reported that some family members have been arrested/ kidnaped while they are trying to return to their house to check on their properties. Reportedly, many civilian structures in the conflict affected areas were damaged. Houses were the most frequently impacted structures, as well as civilian infrastructure including main roads, telecommunications and government compounds. Other structures used by civilians were also damaged, including food stores and, educational and healthcare facilities
As the conflict continues and many people remain trapped, women, children migrants, refugees and persons with specific needs are at a heightened risk. These risks include but are not limited to family separation, sexual violence, kidnapping, trafficking in persons, food insecurity and lack of access to basic healthcare. Increased risks for gender based violence as women are on the move and losing their community support members and sense of safety
Several refugees and migrants reported that several militias approached them asking them to join the military, and others reported that militias had asked them or forced them to wear military uniforms. Non Arabic speaking refugees and migrants have less access to information to make informed decisions about their safety and security. In addition, refugees and migrants have less access to cash and transportation to relocate themselves to safer areas
Thousands of refugees and migrants continue to be arbitrarily held in detention centres, including in conflict affected areas where they are directly exposed to the fighting and lack access to food, water and health services
We also urge safe and unimpeded humanitarian access to all children in need, and for a ceasefire to allow civilians to safely leave areas under conflict. “Nearly 1,800 children are among civilians who urgently need evacuation from areas under frontline fighting, while 7,300 children have already been displaced from their homes by the raging violence. Around 500,000 children are estimated to be affected by violence across western Libya
Children trapped in conflict areas are at risk of running out of food and losing access to medical care. Unable to leave these areas, they cannot safely seek protection or assistance.
“The violence has also left the nearly 1,000 refugee and migrant children held in detention centres in grave danger. They should be immediately released and provided with safe shelter until their asylum claims can be processed or they can be provided with safe repatriation assistance for reunification with their families. The principle of non refoulement must be respected. Unaccompanied minors, many of whom are in transit in the country, are at risk of grave violations including recruitment and use, sexual violence or abduction.
Migrant KIs highlighted the fact that most migrants' lack of private transportation made it nearly impossible to leave conflict affected baladiyas without assistance. Those who received assistance from Libyan friends or co workers found it easier to reach safety, but those without such connections reported being dependent on rescue by the Libyan Red Crescent or other humanitarian organisations
Urban migrants' lack of freedom of movement severely limited their ability to cope with the effects of the conflict. Because migrants in Libya face significant barriers to saving or borrowing money, many are financially dependent on securing a constant daily income.14 Urban migrants who were unable to access their workplaces due to conflict were therefore at high risk of running out of resources to meet their basic needs within 1 2 weeks, highlighting the differential impact of the crisis on Libyans and migrants.
Starting on 3 April 2019, as a result of rapid military advances from the south, Tripoli's southern suburbs began to see levels of conflict they had not experienced since 2011. The deteriorating security situation pushed 4,870 households  ( approximately 24,350 individuals )  from affected baladiyas in the Tripoli area to leave their homes, becoming displaced throughout Tripoli and west Libya
As a result of clashes causing damage to the electrical grid, many bakeries in Swani bin Adam and Wadi Rabia had reportedly closed. Nonetheless, at the time of data collection, KIs in all baladiyas reported a median price of 0.25 LYD per piece of bread, which has remained unchanged for several months.
Residents of Ain Zara, Qasr bin Ghasheer and Wadi Rabia reportedly had a strong preference for in kind aid. Those of Al Aziziya and Swani bin Adam, on the other hand, preferred mixed interventions  ( both in kind and cash )
Within the 7 days prior to data collection, Libyan KIs in all assessed baladiyas but Qasr bin Ghasheer reported that access to food in their baladiyas had worsened. This was mainly linked to widespread closures of stores and markets, which caused shortages of core food items and bottled water, as well as to restrictions on movement that made it difficult to physically access food
• Refugees and migrants in detention centres continued to be at particular risk of food shortages, as disruptions in staffing had in many cases led to a breakdown in the DCs' food supply chains.
Physical barriers, widespread business closures, safety and security concerns on the main roads, and a lack of fuel for personal transportation were the most reported barriers which prevented residents from accessing markets.
All KIs reported that some residents of their baladiyas had gone missing as a result of the conflict in the 7 days prior to data collection. While some of these cases might have been due to kidnappings or political detention, others may have reflected the high numbers of individuals who remained in conflict areas with poor access to the electrical grid and phone network, making it difficult to use electronic devices or communicate with family members elsewhere. Evacuation to safe areas remained a priority.
According to refugee and migrant KIs, around 55% of refugees and migrants in assessed baladiyas were being hosted by friends or acquaintances. An additional 20% were sheltering at their workplaces, and 10% rented their own accommodation.
As of 16 April, 14 civilians had been killed and 40 wounded in the fighting,2 and increasing numbers of civilians were reportedly trapped in conflict affected areas in the outskirts of the city, along with 2,700 refugees and migrants in detention centres near the frontline.3 Several attacks on medical workers, ambulances, and field hospitals had taken place, hampering the treatment of the wounded and the evacuation of those in distress
Medical facilities both in and outside of Tripoli have reported limited capacity and less than two weeks of medical supplies remaining. Some civilians in the city have been without water and electricity for several days. For the more than 3,000 refugees and migrants currently trapped in detention centers in or near the conflict areas, the provision of basic services including food and water remains extremely limited, with reports of many not eating for several days at a time.
On 16 April, late at night, Tripoli witnessed the worst violence recorded against civilians in Libya since 2014. Indiscriminate shelling impacted various densely populated neighborhoods of Tripoli City, including Abu Salim, Ghrarat, Suq Al Jumaa, and Hadbaa. Indiscriminate shelling killed four people, including women, and wounded some 16 in just one night due to the rockets and shelling in Abu Salim alone, according to the health sector. The intensity of shelling this far inside civilian neighborhoods was unprecedented since the start of clashes in and around Tripoli, the worst violence recorded against civilians in Libya since 2014.
Education services were also reported as one of the highest affected public services which was not always available. Health services were highly impacted by the crisis in Ain Zara, mainly due to the prolonged outages of water, electricity and telecommunications networks.
In contrast, the situation in conflict affected neighborhoods was different. In Ain Zara, markets were reported to be mostly closed during the assessment period and, thus, residents were unable to buy required food items in their area of residence; some reportedly were able to commute to the center of Tripoli to purchase needed goods. In Khallat al Furjan and Qasr Bin Gashir it was reported that most people were unable to buy necessary items on local markets. Furthermore, significant fuel shortages were reported.
The number of people displaced in context of the hostilities is now approaching 20,000, as per DTM. The majority of those displaced are sheltering with family or in other private hosting arrangements. While the largest single destination remains central Tripoli and its immediate surroundings, over 14,000 of those displaced have sought safety well outside of the capital, including in Tajoura, Al Maya, Ain Zara and Tarhouna. Over 2,500 people were displaced in the last 24 hours alone.
The number of people displaced in context of the hostilities is now approaching 20,000, as per DTM. Besides conflict dynamics, and according to DTM field staff, insufficient service availability of electricity, water and telecommunications in neighborhoods in Southern Tripoli affected by the conflict may trigger additional people to leave their homes.
Newly displaced families arriving in collective centers and urban settings require immediate food assistance, whilst migrants and refugees in several detention centers located are exposed to food shortages due to proximity to areas of conflict.
Following their evacuation from the conflict zone, children and caregivers show signs of distress and trauma as a result of the fighting. Children need psycho social services  ( PSS )  and recreational activities, and a high number of children are in need of specialized PSS. Mothers and caregivers are in need of awareness sessions on dealing with traumatized children and PSS.
Around 3,000 migrants and refugees are trapped in detention centres in Abu Salim, Gharyan and Qasr bin Ghasher, close to the fighting. To date, UNHCR has been able to facilitate the relocation of 150 refugees from the Ain Zara detention centre to its Gathering and Departure Facility. UNHCR said its efforts to secure additional transfers of refugees from other detention centres have been hampered by access and security challenges.
Following the onset of armed conflict on 05 April 2019 in South Tripoli, at least 3,650 families  ( approximately 18,250 individuals )  have been displaced from their homes. Since DTM's last update on 12 April, another 925 displaced families  ( approximately 4,625 individuals )  were identified.
An explosive device exploded in Zawiya city killing one person and wounded two others, all are Haftar foes. Military officials pointed the finger at an armed group loyal to Haftar from Surman town.   Around 30 House of Representatives members held a meeting in Benghazi to support the war on Tripoli, while around 100 others are preparing to hold a session in Tripoli to dismiss parliament speaker Aqailah Saleh and denounce the war.   More than 25 families were evacuated from Al Swani frontline by Libyan Army.
Tens of people   some civilians   have been killed or injured in Khalifa Haftar's offensive on Tripoli, which has entered its eighth day with fighting intensifying in southern Tripoli areas.
The office confirmed that 3,500 people were displaced last Thursday, expressing concern about the safety of civilians trapped in areas affected by the conflict.
Sources reported that a number of vehicles entered the town and then the gunmen cut power and telecommunications, and then they carried out their attack.
In October 2018, Fuqaha town saw a similar attack by ISIS militants, who killed four and kidnapped eight others. Some of the kidnapped were later freed.
Violent clashes broke out on Thursday and Friday, in various parts of western Libya, most notably yesterday's clashes in the areas of Qasr bin Ghashir and Wadi Al Rabi area, in addition to the vicinity of Tripoli International Airport.
So far this year, the IOM has repatriated 3,175 migrants from detention centers and urban centers. Millman told VOA he does not know how the conflict will affect future returns.
Migrants departing Niger mainly arrive directly to Libya, without transiting through another country. Only 2% of the migrants surveyed who had departed Niger reported going to Algeria first before reaching Libya, and all of them were surveyed in the western regions of Libya. Those who were surveyed in the South and East did not transit through other countries on their way to Libya.
Migrants departing Mali used three main routes to reach Libya; 42% travelled to Libya through Algeria, 36% travelled through Niger and 21% travelled through Burkina Faso and then Niger to reach Libya. The remaining 1% reported other routes.
92% of migrants departing Burkina Faso reported travelling through Niger while 4% travelled to Mali first and then to Algeria to reach Libya. Another 3% travelled first to Mali and then to Niger before entering Libya. The remaining 1% reported other routes.
99% of migrants departing Nigeria travelled through Niger. The remaining 1% used routes through Chad, Niger and Algeria or reported reaching Libya directly by air plane.
The main route disclosed by migrants departing Cameroon was through Nigeria and then Niger  ( 71% of the surveyed sample ) . 23% reported transiting through Chad before reaching Libya while the remaining 6% reported other routes.
7% of the migrants assessed reported having been diagnosed with chronic illnesses. Out of the 110 individuals who reported chronic illnesses, 45% self reported suffering from diabetes mellitus, 25% having high blood pressure and 28% with other chronic illnesses. The remaining 2% didn't specify their illnesses.
5% of the sample also reported suffering from acute illnesses. Out of the 80 individuals reporting acute illnesses, the highest proportion of them reported skin diseases or respiratory infection with an equal proportion of 41% for each. 18% reported suffering from urinary infections, 12% watery diarrhea and 4% reported other infectious diseases. The majority of them  ( 75% )  reported receiving medications related to their illnesses
The majority of the assessed migrants reported having limited access to the health services in Libya  ( 63% ) , while 28% reported having full access.
Out of the 666,717 migrants identified, 6%  ( 39,716 individuals )  originated from Asian and Middle Eastern countries. Migrants originating from Bangladesh represented the majority of Asian and Middle Eastern nationalities recorded  ( 25,120 individuals representing up to 63% of Asian & Middle Eastern migrants identified ) . Syrians were the second highest number of recorded migrants originating from Asian and Middle Eastern countries with 9,353 individuals accounting for 24% of Asia & Middle Eastern migrants ) . Palestinians and Pakistanis accounted for 6% and 5% respectively of Libya's Asian and Middle Eastern migrant population. Migrants from the other Asian and Middle Eastern countries represented a minority; their percentage did not exceed 3%.
Following their evacuation from the conflict zone, children and caregivers show signs of destress and trauma as a result of the fighting. Children need psycho social services  ( PSS )  and recreational activities, and a high number of children are in need of specialized PSS. Mothers are in need of awareness sessions on dealing with traumatized children and PSS.
Frontline and referral hospitals inside and outside of Tripoli are receiving daily casualties, with the overall total number of casualties since the beginning of the conflict reported as 761  ( of which 48 confirmed civilians ) .
As clashes in South Tripoli intensified over the last days, more than 1,110 families  ( approximately 5,550 individuals )  were displaced on 11 12 April, bringing the total number of displaced households since the onset of armed conflict on 05 April 2019 to 2,725 families  ( approximately 13,625 individuals ) . Clashes continue to be reported in Khalla al Furjan, Ain Zara and Wadi Rabea, but have also increasingly impacted the area of Swani south west of Tripoli, triggering new displacements of affected population.
Most displaced households are currently staying with family and in private accommodation in Tripoli, Tajoura, Swani, Janzour, Msallata, Sabrata, Garabolli, Al Khums, Zintan, Yefren, Al Zahra, Al Maya, Aziziya, Zliten, Gheryan, Bani Waleed and Tarhuna  ( breakdowns per location on second page ) . Furthermore, the number of IDPs identified in collective shelters in Tripoli and surrounding areas has also increased to over 900 individuals as local authorities are setting up more shelters to receive displaced families.
In light of the dramatically worsening security situation in Libya's capital, Tripoli, UNHCR urgently calls for the immediate release of refugees and migrants from places of detention. Many detention centres are in areas where there is ongoing fighting. More than 1,500 refugees and migrants are believed to be trapped in detention centres where hostilities are raging.
The number of displaced persons  ( IDPs )  is increasing and reached over 9,500 individuals displaced since the onset of fighting. Displacement numbers have increased by 60 per cent from 10 to 11 April. Individuals in collective shelters in areas now closer to the frontlines are at risk of secondary displacement
Key IDP reception areas include Tripoli, Tajoura and Ain Zara, accounting for just under half of the IDP influx, while smaller numbers of IDPs have also displaced to Al Zahra, Al Maya, Zintan, Tajoura, Swani, Al Khums, Garabolli, Bani Waleed, and other areas. Families who displaced to areas that are now gradually moving in the vicinity of frontlines are at risk of onward displacement, and on 11 April, some 167 individuals already had to evacuate the Al Asma school in Ain Zara, and were relocated to another school that is currently serving as a collective shelter in a comparatively safer area.
Many migrants and refugees in detention centers in and around Tripoli are also at particular risk to become affected by armed conflict. Through the provision of transportation, IOM and UNHCR provided an opportunity for refugees and migrants in the Qasir Ben Ghashir detention centre to relocate to the Zintan detention centre, which is located in a safer area. UN staff was not present given ongoing clashes in the area. Despite counselling on safety considerations, the 728 individuals, of whom 320 persons of concern are registered with UNHCR, currently residing in the detention center opted to remain in the facility. Previously, on 9 April, UNHCR successfully relocated more than 150 refugees from the Ain Zara detention centre in southern Tripoli to UNHCR's Gathering and Departure Facility.
Following continued clashes in South Tripoli, another 720 families  ( approximately 3,600 individuals )  were displaced on 09 10 April 2019, bringing the total number of displaced households since the onset of armed conflict on 05 April to 1,615 families  ( approximately 8,075 individuals ) . Over the past 48 hours, conflict affected areas have increasingly been impacted by electricity and water outages as well as road closures.
Furthermore, the number of IDPs identified in collective shelters in Tripoli and surrounding areas has also increased to over 600 individuals as local authorities are setting up more shelters to receive displaced families.
Five days into the escalation of clashes in and around Tripoli, the humanitarian community remains concerned about the increasing humanitarian impact of the escalation of violence. So far, some 3,400 people have fled their homes in Tariq Al Matar, Wadi Al Gharbi, Ain Zara and Qasr Ben Gashir for comparatively safer areas of Tripoli, Tarhouna, Bani Waleed and Tajoura. Most displaced families are currently staying with relatives and acquaintances, while around 25 families arrived in two collective shelters in Tajoura and Ain Zara.
The security situation in and around Tripoli remains volatile. While fighting on the southern axis temporarily halted in the early morning hours of 8 April, it since resumed and armed clashes were reported in the vicinity of Al Zahraa Bridge and south of Al Swani district. Clashes with heavy weapons also renewed in Qasr Ben Ghashir and Wadi Al Gharbi, where many civilians remain unable to leave, while shelling on residential areas also caused material damage to civilian homes. Several airstrikes were reported today on Mitiga Airport, causing some material damage, noting here that since the declaration of the no fly zone over western Libya, no UNHAS or UNSMIL flights had been able to depart from Tripoli. Prior to the airstrikes, early in the morning, IOM assisted some 23 Somalis from Somaliland to return to Hargeisa, departing from Mitiga airport.
Such attacks on health facilities deprive thousands of people with essential health care,' added Dr Al Mandhari. “We call on all parties to respect international commitments and ensure that health workers are able to perform their life saving work.'
Internal displacement has been recorded, with more than 2,800 persons estimated to have been displaced from conflict affected neighborhoods. The majority of displaced families have relocated with relatives living in safer areas, while some are being hosted in a shelter in Tajoura. It has also been reported that around 35 returnee families in Tawergha have left the town toward Bani Walid, Tarhuna and Tripoli.
As of 7 April, 996 refugees and migrants were rescued/intercepted at sea by the Libyan Coast Guard  ( LCG ) . The number of refugees and migrants disembarked in Libya significantly decreased in January, February and March 2019 when compared to data collected during the same period in 2018  ( 3,794 individuals )  and 2017  ( 3,387 individuals ) . Recently, boats have departed from areas west of Tripoli, near Sabratha and east of Tripoli near Garabulli. In 2019, the top nationalities of those rescued/intercepted at sea by the LCG include individuals from Ivory Coast  ( 14% ) , Sudan  ( 13% ) , Mali  ( 12% ) , and Somalia  ( 10% ) . In 2018, 9 bodies were recovered from the sea while 143 persons were declared missing.
It appears certain however, that the humanitarian situation in the conflict areas along the southern belt of Tripoli is worsening. DTM has already recorded displacement movement of some 2,200 individuals to comparatively safer areas of Tripoli, Tarhouna, Bani Waleed and Tajoura. Most displaced families are currently staying with relatives and acquaintances, while ten families are staying in a collective shelter that was set up by the municipality of Tajoura. Tawergha IDPs in the IDP camps ‘Fallah 1&2' were requested by the Tawergha Local Council to leave the camps due to a fear of a further escalation of fighting and indiscriminate shelling, and to move to a nearby concrete unfinished building.
In some combat areas, however, the civilian population are unable to leave due to the intensity of fighting and emergency service providers remain unable to reach them. On 7 April, the United Nations Support Mission in Libya  ( UNMIL )  called on all military parties in Wadi Al Rabeea, Al Kayikh, Qasr bin Ghashir and Al Aziziyah to respect a humanitarian truce between 4 pm and 6 pm, to ensure the evacuation of the wounded and civilians by ambulances. This truce was not respected and evacuation of the wounded could not take place.
The humanitarian community has received reports of electricity cuts in Al Hira, Azzayiya, Wadi Al Rabea, al Alam, al Siyabia and other areas in Gharyan due to damage to the main electricity line. Persistent electricity cuts, and a possible shortage in fuel, will severely affect the availability of clean drinking water, and also limit the ability of hospitals and bakeries to operate.
On 6 April, the LNA declared a no fly zone over Tripoli. At the time of writing this report, it remained unclear, what implications the declaration of the no fly zone over western Libya by the LNA will have on UNHAS and commercial flights.
Furthermore, approximately 3,900 migrants are currently in 8 detention centers  ( DCs )  in Tripoli out of which 1,300 are currently in close proximity to conflict affected areas in Qasr Ben Gashir DC and Ain Zara DC. Reportedly, the 60 migrants previously in detention in Salah Edeen DC were released on 05 April and are assumed to have dispersed in urban areas in Tripoli.
Fighters led by General Khalifa Hiftar, known as the Libyan National Army  ( LNA ) , have a well documented record of indiscriminate attacks on civilians, summary executions of captured fighters, and arbitrary detention. Militias affiliated with the United Nations backed Government of National Accord  ( GNA )  and based in western Libya also have a record of abuses against civilians.
Since the outbreak of conflict in 2014, Libya has had first three, then two, rival governments claiming legitimacy – the GNA in Tripoli, and the “Interim Government' based in the eastern cities of al Bayda and Tobruk that is allied with Hiftar.
Identical sources confirmed the killing of one person in an armed clash between forces belonging to the Western Military Zone and the so called Dignity Operation, near Asaba town in Mountain Nafusa.
The security services in Murzuq, southern Libya, have found mass graves in the outskirts of the city containing around 17 bodies of Tabu tribesmen.
The United Nations is holding a national conference on April 14 16 in a bid to end the political conflict between the internationally recognised government in the capital Tripoli west of Libya and a parallel administration version in the east.
Around 75 detainees are malnourished or underweight, with children significantly more likely to suffer moderate or severe malnutrition, it said. Several people reported receiving only one meal every two to three days, with new arrivals waiting four days before receiving food
During the last week of February, a rapid assessment was conducted in Murzuq following the deterioration of the security situation in the South. Between 22 and 24 February, 200 families were reported to have been displaced from Murzuq to Al Qatrun. Subsequently, as the security situation improved 120 of the previously displaced families reportedly returned by the begining of March.
Since 1 September 2017, 1,304 individuals have been submitted for resettlement to 8 States  ( Canada, France, Italy, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland ) . A total of 383 individuals have departed on resettlement from Libya directly or through the ETC in Romania to Canada, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway and Sweden. A total of 165 individuals have been accepted for resettlement and are pending departure from Libya directly or through the ETC Romania to Canada  ( 38 ) , France  ( 11 ) , the Netherlands  ( 1 ) , Norway  ( 109 )  and Sweden  ( 6 ) . A total of 778 individuals have been submitted for resettlement and are pending interview or decision by a resettlement State in Libya.
Since 1 September 2017, a total of 4,300 individuals have been submitted for resettlement from Libya and Niger to 12 resettlement States. A total of 2,022 individuals have departed on resettlement from Libya and Niger. A total of 489 individuals have been accepted for resettlement and are pending departure from Libya and Niger. A total of 1,390 individuals have been submitted for resettlement and are pending interview or decision by a resettlement State in Libya or Niger.
As of 31 March 2019, the Libyan Coast Guard rescued/intercepted a total of 996 people in different locations along the Libyan coast. Over the first three months last year, the LCG rescued/intercepted a total of 3,794 refugees and migrants at sea. So far in 2019, Libyan local authorities have recovered 9 bodies of people who perished while attempting to cross the Mediterranean towards Europe, while 143 people were reported missing.
In mid February 2019, the military encirclement of Derna's Old City was lifted, bringing to an end 19 months of heavy armed group activity in and around the city. Movement restrictions were largely lifted, and displaced households continued the slow process of return. However, returnees faced heavy damage to shelters and infrastructure, along with contamination by landmines and ERW  ( explosive remnants of war ) 1 in some areas. In addition, the Derna Department of Social Affairs reported in February that 1,800 families remained displaced within the city, with an additional 670 displaced elsewhere in Libya.
• At the time of data collection, KIs reported few restrictions on freedom of movement throughout Derna, apart from permanent and ad hoc checkpoints. While these checkpoints did not prevent most residents from moving around the city, their presence was correlated with reports of safety and security incidents in the mahallas where they were located
Meanwhile, in Embakh and Sheiha, an estimated 20 25% of IDPs and 10% of returnees were reportedly living in empty houses or unfinished buildings. These were largely self constructed structures built without authorisation, most of which provided shelter from the elements but were neither fully completed nor connected to municipal utilities.
Flour and rice were reported as the items most frequently unavailable, the first one having repercussions on the availability of bread  ( see Food Security ) . Other items were more widely available, but meat, fruit, and vegetables were repeatedly mentioned as too expensive to afford.
Healthcare facilities were reportedly functional and operational in most of Derna's mahallas, but were generally limited to basic healthcare services such as diagnostics, dental care and blood transfusions
In comparison to the situation in May 2018,9 the education situation in Derna had improved in nearly all mahallas, with most formal education facilities having reopened. However, some schools in Al Bilad, Al Maghar, El Jebilah, and Sheiha remained closed after having been destroyed, damaged, or otherwise affected by the conflict.
Approximately 6,000 refugees and migrants are currently held in Libyan detention centres, of whom 4,490 are of concern to UNHCR. During the week, UNHCR and its partner IMC distributed clothing, sleeping mats, blankets, and infant kits to refugees and migrants in Ain Zara, Zliten, and Kararim detention centres.
Dozens of people were killed because of fighting throughout February in and around the Muzruq Region, 100km south of Sebha. The United Nations Support Mission in Libya  ( UNSMIL )  released a statement reminding “all parties of their obligations to guarantee the protection of civilians and the country's resources – which belong to all Libyans   by avoiding targeting economic facilities and putting civilians in harm's way.' This fighting delayed WFP distributions in the area.
Sabaa is one of seven DCs in Tripoli, and among the five centres where MSF currently provides services at least once a week through routine visits by a team of medical staff. More than 300 people are currently held in this centre, of whom approximately one third are children under the age of 18. Almost half of Sabaa's total population have been in the detention centre for six months or more. The majority of those held are Eritreans, with other nationalities including Sudanese, Nigerians, Cameroonians and Ghanaians.
The UN High Commissioner for Refugees  ( UNHCR )  said that the city of Benghazi is hosting more than 27,000 displaced people, most of whom face difficulties in obtaining safe shelter.
The results demonstrate that global acute  ( severe and moderate )  malnutrition rates, as well as the proportion of people who were underweight, have increased in Sabaa detention centre. Almost one quarter  ( 24% )  of all those in the DC in February were assessed to be underweight. Furthermore, concerning results are found in each specific category of nutritional status; February's 2% SAM rate is particularly concerning, in view of the erratic food supply. Note that due to the changes in population from January to February, these results do not necessarily represent a deterioration in individuals' nutritional status, but reflect the condition of the population in the DC at that point in time.
Chad closed its border with Libya in 2017 and after few months it partially reopened it.
Chadian army announced in February capturing 250 terrorists as a convoy of rebels entered its territory coming from Libya, adding that over 40 vehicles were destroyed and hundreds of weapons were seized.
The Khalifa Hafter led Libyan National Army  ( LNA )  continued to make announcements of territorial gains in the south and south west of Libya last week.
Libya's National Oil Corporation  ( NOC )  revealed that the country's January revenues from the sales of crude oil, derived products, taxes and royalties received from concession contracts, was just over US$ 1.6 billion – a drop of 30 percent equivalent to more than US$ 680 million compared with the previous month.
The protest had been “driven by frustration and anxiety' as the migrants had been held for months “in extremely dire conditions,' the U.N. refugee agency UNHCR said.
The majority of the Libyan food insecure households are located in Tripoli, Zwara and Aljfara. The highest number of food insecure IDPs are living in Tripoli, Alkufra, Benghazi and Murzuq. Most of the food insecure returnees are in Sirt, Benghazi, Zwara and Tripoli.
As of 28 February 2019, the Libyan Coast Guard rescued/intercepted a total of 778 people in different locations along the Libyan coast. Last year the LCG rescued/intercepted a total of 15,235 refugees and migrants at sea. So far in 2019, Libyan local authorities have recovered 8 bodies of people who perished while attempting to cross the Mediterranean towards Europe, while 138 people were reported missing.
With a decrease of 1.9%, the Minimum Expenditure Basket  ( MEB )  was nearly 15 LYD less expensive than in January, reaching a median cost of 766.06 LYD in February. The decrease of the median cost of the MEB was notably driven by lower median prices of hygiene items  (  5.1% )  and cooking fuel  (  18.2% ) 1 across Libya.
While the median cost of the MEB decreased in all the three regions, the decrease was greater in the East  (  8.6% )  and the South  (  8.3% )  than in the West  (  3.4% ) . To alleviate the liquidity crisis in the South, the parallel Albayda based Central Bank of Libya supplied banks with cash at the end of January, which may explain the decrease in prices in the region.
Between January and February, all southern and eastern assessed cities recorded a decrease of the median cost of the MEB. However, the figures do not include median prices in Murzuq and Derna, as shops were closed due to clashes between armed actors at the time of the data collection. According to key informants in Murzuq, many shops were closed and shortages were reported, notably of bread. Additionally, due to closure of roads, supply chains from Sebha to Murzuq were strongly disrupted, which led to increased prices for some items, including higher transport costs through Ubari.
But it was unclear how this will happen as the Tripoli based government this month lost effective control of the 315,000 barrel a day field when forces allied to an eastern based parallel government took over.
Resettlement processing in Libya  ( Group 1 )  Since 1 September 2017, 1,150 individuals have been submitted for resettlement to 7 States  ( Canada, France, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland ) . A total of 383 individuals have departed on resettlement from Libya directly or through the ETC in Romania to Canada, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway and Sweden. A total of 158 individuals have been accepted for resettlement and are pending departure from Libya directly or through the ETC Romania to Canada  ( 38 ) , France  ( 4 ) , the Netherlands  ( 1 ) , Norway  ( 109 )  and Sweden  ( 6 ) . A total of 631 individuals have been submitted for resettlement and are pending interview or decision by a resettlement State in Libya.
The Gathering and Departure Facility in Tripoli hosts 152 persons in need of international protection. They were all released from Libyan detention centres and are now due to be processed for further evacuations to the Emergency Transit Mechanism  ( ETM )  in Niger. Since November 2017, UNHCR has evacuated 3,175 refugees and asylum seekers out of Libya.
Since July 2017, Derna has been under siege with intermittent clashes affecting the supply of food, water, medicines, fuel, and gas. The UN team met with local authorities to discuss the humanitarian situation in the city. According to local authorities, 3,600 persons are displaced within the city. Main obstacles include acute ERW contamination, lack of functioning public services, including health, medical assistance and basic items for the population.
Sabha– More than 160 Nigerian migrants stranded in southern Libya voluntarily and safely returned home to Nigeria yesterday  ( 21/02 )  on the second International Organization for Migration  ( IOM )  Voluntary Humanitarian Return  ( VHR )  charter this year. This operation brings the total number of voluntary returnees from Libya to 40,000 since 2015.
Prior to departure, IOM conducted protection screenings and medical check ups to ensure all migrants were fit for the journey. As an estimated 90% of the irregular migrants in Libya have no travel documents, the migrants also received consular support in order to process their documents and exit visas to facilitate safe and orderly travel.
Tripoli   18 February. Due to the eight year long political turmoil, conflict and insecurity that pushed thousands of families out of their hometowns, thousands of Internally Displaced People  ( IDP )  live in Benghazi, Tarhouna, Baniwalid and Ajdabia. Access of IDPs and host communities to healthcare services was hampered by the partial damage or full destruction of health facilities, shortage of essential medicines and inadequate health workforce. Spread of infectious diseases namely Cutaneous Leishmaniasis, Tuberculosis  ( TB ) , Acute Watery Diarrhoea  ( AWD )  and Acute Respiratory Infections  ( ARI )  has been widely reported from almost every municipality in Libya. Health facilities continue to face unceasing attacks that is depriving the limited access to health services at health facility level.
The leader of the South Protection Force, Mohamed Tibawi, said that citizens in the city of Murzuk are in a state of apprehension and fear due to the ongoing air bombardments on the city. Al Tibawi explained that the Dignity Operation forces besieging Muruzk are preventing the entry of fuel trucks by exerting pressure on truck drivers, pointing out that the city is besieged and surrounded by armed Sudanese opposition groups who are fighting alongside Hafter, according to him.
The decline in arrivals at Italian shores, and rise in deaths at sea, has coincided with three major trends in the Mediterranean region: first, since early 2017, a number of migration measures have been implemented in Libya and the Sahel region in cooperation with the European Union  ( EU )  to stem the flow of arrivals to Italy, one of which included increased EU support for the LCG along the western coast of the country.5 Second, in mid 2018, Libyan authorities declared a Libyan Search And Rescue  ( SAR )  zone off Libya's western coast, in a maritime area previously mostly coordinated by the Italian coast guard, enabling Libyan authorities to return shipwrecked individuals to Libya, rather than carrying rescued individuals to European shores.6,7 Third, since mid 2017 increased legal and political attacks on charity and privately run rescue ships have led to an almost complete seizure of all rescue at sea activities by charity or privately run rescue boats.8 As of January 2019, only one privately run SAR boat was operating between Libya and Italy.
While traditionally the main smuggling hubs and vast majority of refugee and migrant boat departures occurred along the western coast of Libya, in April 2018 REACH had found an increase in smuggling hubs along the eastern coast, mirroring the increase in anti smuggling operations in the west. Eight months on, the majority of key informants held that these secondary routes and smuggling hubs in the east were still functioning.
On 13 February, UNHCR evacuated 159 refugees and asylum seekers from Tripoli to UNHCR's Emergency Transit Mechanism  ( ETM )  in Niamey, Niger. The group was hosted in Gathering and Departure Facility  ( GDF )  in Tripoli, having been transferred from different detention centres  ( Abu Salim, Souq Alkhamis, Al Sabaa, Qaser Ben Ghashir, Tajoura and Zlitan ) . The GDF currently hosts 152 persons who are due to be processed for further evacuations to Niger. Since November 2017, UNHCR has evacuated 3,175 refugees and asylum seekers out of Libya, including 2,491 to the ETM in Niger, 415 to Italy and 269 to Romania.
The beginning of 2019 was also marked by the greatest monthly decrease in the median price of the food portion of the MEB since it was calculated in May 2018. Except slight rises in the median price of rice  ( +5.9% )  and condensed milk  ( +1.3% ) , no food items increased in price in January.
Those living in public and informal settings, experience a lack of access to basic services, poor WASH conditions, overcrowding, and a lack of privacy. Informal settlements are often spaces of physical insecurity due to crime, raids, and other forms of violence.
Gender based violence, taking various forms, is widespread in Libya and has been exacerbated by the conflict. Approximately 40 per cent of respondents to a 2017 assessment survey indicated GBV was either very common or common.23 Women or girls who dare to speak out risk being threatened, kidnapped, physically assaulted, or even killed.
Concerning refugees and migrants in urban areas, in 69 per cent of the assessed mahalas, food was a priority need. In an assessment conducted by REACH in September 2018, 35 per cent of the refugees and migrants interviewed had a poor or borderline food consumption. Respondents from West Africa had a lower food consumption as well as respondents living in the South.
A migrant boat in the Mediterranean Sea off Libya's coast was in distress with an estimated 150 people on board, activists said on Monday.
Throughout 2018, refugees and migrants held at DCIM detention centres faced situations where they were not provided with sufficient and nutritious food, leading to significant health and nutrition problems. In situations where the authorities are unable to address these ongoing needs, for example during the hostilities in Tripoli in September 2018, humanitarian actors provided emergency food for several thousand detained refugees and migrants as a life saving measure. With the unpredictable nature of the situation and the ongoing detention regime for refugees and migrants, the nutrition and food needs in detention continue to grow.
On 26 August 2018, clashes broke out between rival armed groups in southern Tripoli, particularly in the Salaheddin, Ain Zara, Mashroua, Al Hadhba and southern mahalas.10 These clashes quickly escalated and spread throughout Tripoli with shells falling on wide swathes of the city.11 Three weeks later, despite a period of relative calm brokered on 4 September, fighting and shelling continued. Exposure to explosive hazards has notably increased as a result of the heavy fighting.