nlp-thedeep/humsetbias huggingface dataset:
Following the re opening of the Bor Gumuruk Pibor road in late January, both commercial and humanitarian trucks have now started to use the road. On 20 February, WFP trucks delivered 199 metric tons of food including cereals, pulses, vegetable oil, salt and other supplementary food for distribution to 24,000 people in Gumuruk.  ( Situation Report No. 3, as of 26 February 2021 )
Overall, Child Protection partners reached 2,780 people including 1,489 children with essential child protection services, including 212 at risk adolescents that were provided with livelihoods and/or economic reintegration services in Pibor.  ( Situation Report No. 3, as of 26 February 2021 )
Since January, GBV partners reached 6,240 people with awareness raising on GBV risk mitigation and prevention of sexual exploitation and abuse  ( PSEA )  in Pibor town, Gumuruk, Likuangole, Verteth, Tenet and Maytakar payams.  ( Situation Report No. 3, as of 26 February 2021 )
The Nutrition Cluster has since identified 5 new nutrition sites in Gumuruk  ( Kongong boma )  and Likuangole  ( Lokurmach, Oden and Nanam bomas )  to reduce travel distance for people to access nutrition services.  ( Situation Report No. 3, as of 26 February 2021 )
The proxy Global Acute Malnutrition  ( GAM )  was 9.7 per cent in Gumuruk, 14.2 per cent in Likuangole and 12.9 per cent in Pibor.  ( Situation Report No. 3, as of 26 February 2021 )
During the mission, the team screened 1,106 children under age 5 and 382 pregnant and lactating women for Mid Upper Arm Circumference  ( MUAC )   ( Situation Report No. 3, as of 26 February 2021 )
Nutrition Cluster has 2 implementing partners and nutrition RRM  ( teams running 29 nutrition sites in GPAA. Since January, a total of 8657 people including 3510 children under 5 and 5147 pregnant and lactating women were reached with nutrition services in GPAA.  ( Situation Report No. 3, as of 26 February 2021 )
In February, a new emergency preparedness and response  ( EP&R )  team was deployed to Gumuruk, Likuangole and Verteth to repair 25 waterpoints, distribute hygiene kits to 2,500 households and support 6,120 people with hygiene promotion.  ( Situation Report No. 3, as of 26 February 2021 )
Since January, the WASH Cluster reached 36,160 people with WASH services. However, the response scale up has been delayed in Gumuruk, Likuangole, Verteth, and Maura Hills due to lack of partner presence.  ( Situation Report No. 3, as of 26 February 2021 )
At the time of writing  (   ( as of 26 February 2021 ) , 35,372 people had been reached with emergency food assistance in February. Addition, food distributions are on going targeting a total of 88,500 people in GPAA. A FSL Cluster assessment mission from 9 to 16 February was conducted to assess the scale of the response and severity of needs. Preliminary results appear to validate the IPC analysis classification with Pibor County the most severely food insecure county in South Sudan, especially in Gumuruk and Likuangole, and the situation only marginally better in Pibor town.
UNICEF continued to participate in the inter agency protection of sexual exploitation and abuse  ( PSEA )  task force, which functions under the auspices of the Special Representative of the Secretary General  ( SRSG ) /Resident Coordinator  ( RC ) /Humanitarian Coordinator  ( HC ) , and played an active role to advocate for better protection of children against sextual exploitation and abuse  ( SEA )
During the reporting year  (  January December 2020 )  UNICEF co led three Clusters and one Area of Responsibility  ( AoR )  out of a total of ten clusters and three AoRs currently active in the country. UNICEF at a national level co led the Child Protection AoR and the Education Cluster with Save the Children, the Nutrition Cluster with Concern, Action Against Hunger  ( ACF )  and the World Food Program  ( WFP )  and the WASH Cluster with the Norwegian Refugee Council  ( NRC ) .
UNICEF led the implementation of risk communication, social mobilization and community engagement activities for a nationwide measles follow up campaign at the community level using the networks of social mobilisers who moved from house to house disseminating key messages of the campaign and reached 536,512 households. UNICEF supported a polio outbreak vaccination campaign covering 1.5 million children in 45 high risk counties in 7 states through social mobilization and awareness creation, with 3,900 community mobilizers oriented to support the campaign.
In those five counties , main push factor reported by county Insecurity  ( Akobo )   72% Lack of food  ( Manyo )   33% Lack of food  ( Kajo Keji )   31% No IGA access  ( Fashoda )   44% Insecurity  ( Lafon )   50%
Top 5 counties with the highest proportion of assessed settlements with refugee returnees and refugee returns in the 3 months prior to data collection Akobo  92% Manyo  90% Kajo Keji  76% Fashoda  65% Lafon  64%
In those five counties, main country of origin reported by county Ethiopia  ( to Akobo )   80% Sudan  ( to Manyo )   100% Uganda  ( to Kajo Keji )   100% Sudan  ( to Fashoda )   100% Uganda  ( to Lafon )   77%
UNICEF also continued to provide support in the operation and maintenance of water yards, surface water treatment  ( SWAT )  systems and urban water systems. Likewise, a total of 102,704 vulnerable individuals have so far been supported with access to basic sanitation facilities through the construction and rehabilitation of emergency communal latrines and household latrines.
In 2020, UNICEF and its partners distributed 268,925 long lasting insecticide treated nets  ( LLITNs )  to 134,463 families which included 537,850 children and pregnant women through health posts, community outreach and rapid response mechanisms to support malaria prevention efforts.
A total of 24 members of the state rapid response teams  ( SRRT )  were trained in Upper Nile and Jonglei States to strengthen the two States' capacity on alert management  ( detection, verification and reporting ) , outbreak investigation and initial response to public health emergencies
UNICEF, in collaboration with the State Ministry of Health  ( SMoH )  and with the technical support of WHO, organized a training on emergency preparedness and response.
Top 5 counties with the highest proportion of assessed settlements with IDP returnees and IDP returns in the 3 months prior to data collection. Rubkona  80% Akobo  66% Fashoda  60% Mayom  58% Leer  55%
During the reporting period January to December 2020, children continued to be disproportionately affected by the multidimensional crisis and were exposed to multiple protection risks which include recruitment by armed groups, family separation, psychological distress, violence and exploitation in 61 most affected counties
In addition, 387 extremely vulnerable households with 1,674 beneficiaries in Bor received unconditional cash assistance. The beneficiaries for both the WASH voucher project and unconditional cash transfers were identified and registered by UNICEF through a collaborative effort with WFP using the SCOPE platform
Compared to the same period last year  ( 2019 ) , the SAM admission rate was reduced by 19.5%. Many factors including localized conflict, displacements, suspension of facilities, flooding and adaptation changes due to COVID 19 are associated with the reduction in SAM admissions in 2020. In addition, the high numbers in 2019 themselves contributed to lower needs in 2020.
One key area where there has been limited progress is the unification of the country's armed groups under one army. A total of nine of the ten states have Governors that were appointed, which has removed some of the political vacuum that had occurred earlier in the year. However, many appointments are outstanding at County level, and this has affected service delivery in many areas.
The ceasefire has been held in most parts of the country since the signing of the revitalized peace agreement in 2018 however there has been limited progress on some key components of the agreement
To reduce the risk of measles, the second phase of the measles follow up campaign commenced on 15 November 2020. The Ministry of Health guided a campaign aimed to vaccinate over 690,000 children aged 6 59 months against measles in 25 counties in Central Equatoria, Jonglei, Upper Nile and Unity states.
During the same period, infant and young child feeding counselling services reached 1,633,085 pregnant women and caregivers of children 0  23 months  ( >100% of the target ) . The nutrition programme activities have been implemented in all states following adapted guidelines for nutrition services delivery in the context of COVID 19.
Pibor was severely affected by late floods in 2019, and early floods in 2020.
While South Sudan has not been significantly affected in terms of mortality and morbidity by COVID19, the global oil price collapse in early 2020 erased most government revenue, and with that, hope that social services would see a larger budgetary contribution from the government. Following this, inflation set in, and the national currency lost 60% of its value on the open market. However, there have not been any changes to the official rate, thus reducing purchasing power of many workers receiving incentives from humanitarian agencies. The loss in purchasing power of course also severely hurt household income and cut down on households' ability to access health services, which might be free, but often still require some outlays, in transport, additional medication sourced from commercial pharmacies, and lost time.
UNICEF expresses its sincere gratitude to all public and private donors for the contributions that were received; however at the end of the year, the 2020 HAC still had a funding gap of 44 per cent. Without adequate funding, UNICEF and partners will be unable to continue the scale up and implementation of integrated programmes as well as the provision of critical and protective services for women, children and men displaced by conflict and flooding, affected by genderbased violence, facing life threatening diseases  ( including COVID 19 ) , and impacted by extreme food insecurity in 2021.
Over 500 representatives from 352 organizations including NGOs, CBOs, humanitarian agencies and Cluster partners were oriented on COVID 19 social stigma and Protection from Sexual Exploitation and Abuse  ( PSEA )  in the context of COVID 19 through virtual sessions. Mobile operators  ( MTN and Zain )  disseminated COVID 19 messages through SMS and caller tunes in English and Arabic. The MoH toll free number 6666 was also scaled up and capacity building interventions were also undertaken
To date, a total of 1.5 million children and young people attending pre school, primary and secondary education were reached through radio learning programmes and Television broadcasts of which, 921,935 children and young people  ( 553,161 boys and 368,774 girls  )  were reached with essential learning supplies such as exercise books, pens, pencils and old curriculum textbooks to support radio learning programmes
During the reporting year, triage and screening areas were set up in 34 health facilities. A total of 75 health facilities were provided with Personal Protective Equipment  ( PPE )  and 527 health workers were trained on IPC measures.
The WASH Section continues with the roll out of infection prevention and control  ( IPC ) /WASH activities through partners in different locations across the country including in prioritized health facilities in Bor, Torit, Rumbek, Wau, Malakal, Yambio; and PoCs in Juba, Bor and Bentiu.
UNICEF and partners continued to provide gender based violence response, prevention and social norms and risk mitigation interventions and reached a total of 83,641 beneficiaries  ( 27,365 girls, 15,683 boys, 23,360 women and 17,233 men ) . These were reached with gender based violence prevention, response and risk mitigation messages despite the programmatic access challenges posed by the COVID 19 pandemic.
During the reporting year, a total 109,904 people shared their concerns and asked questions/clarifications on available support services to address their needs through the established 6666 call center. A Knowledge attitude and practices  ( KAP )  study and a perception survey was also conducted as part of the community feedback mechanism.
UNICEF and RCCE partners reached over 8.4 million people through inter personal communication and megaphone announcement activities.
In response to COVID 19 risk communication and community engagement  ( RCCE )  activities were implemented in all the ten states in the country to influence positive health seeking behaviour change and curtail the further spread of the disease. Risk communication and community engagement  ( RCCE )  tools and guidelines which included Standard Operating Policy  ( SoP ) , TORs, Physical and Social distancing guidelines were produced to guide activity implementation.
As part of the rumour tracking and feedback mechanisms for EVD, a report on rumors was shared on community's perceptions and practices around bush meat consumption. More than 80,000 assorted Information, Education and Communication  ( IEC )  materials in different languages were distributed in Yei, Yambio and Nimule. A total of 500 posters, 15,000 traveler information cards and 10,000 leaflets were distributed in Juba, Yambio and Yei. Over 34,683 radio jingles were broadcasted on 18 radio stations, reaching approximately 40 percent of the population across the country. UNICEF supported the running of a toll free hotline, which received 200 300 calls per week with most callers seeking information on Ebola prevention and control.
An estimated 1,034,000 people were affected by floods during the rainfall season.
The COVID restrictions imposed in March and April also hampered service delivery and recovery activities following the flooding; and absorbed logistics capacity and attention.
During the reporting period  ( January to December 2020 )  UNICEF, registered significant progress on Ebola virus disease  ( EVD )  preparedness activities. UNICEF supported risk communication and social mobilization interventions as part of joint EVD preparedness efforts targeting communities along the South Sudan and DRC borders, and in other high risk areas which included Juba and Wau.
The initiative which targets 9,400 households, reached 4,105 households  ( with a total of 19,257 people  ( 11,164 females and 8,093 males ) . The households received vouchers to access soap and a hand washing bucket fixed with a tap in Aweil, Bor and Bentiu counties.
During the reporting period and amidst the COVID 19 crisis, the Child Protection Area of Responsibility and partners continued to provide of critical Child Protection services reaching a total of 685,781 people  ( including 408,789 children ) .
In November 2020, UNICEF and the Child Protection Area of Responsibility  ( AoR )  partners in collaboration with the GBV AoR and other key partners launched the multi sectoral safety audit in South Sudan
COVID 19 preventive measures were put in place to ensure the continuum of services in the women and girls friendly spaces  ( WGFS )  and other measures such as reviewing referral pathways, reactivating hotlines, deploying social workers in health facilities and increasing airtime for social workers were all actions taken to ensure women and girls continued to receive services throughout the year.
In those five counties, main county of origin reported by county Tonj East  ( to Tonj East )   100% Canal Pigi  ( to Canal Pigi )   87% Akobo  ( to Akobo )   68% Koch  ( to Koch )   93% Gogrial West  ( to Gogrial West )   100%
As a result, a total of 305,981 people have so far been provided with access to safe drinking water through water trucking, construction of new and the rehabilitation of non functional water facilities.
Most children and adults received consultations for malaria  ( 33% )  followed by pneumonia  ( 16% )  and diarrhea  ( 11% ) .
There has been an increase of sub national violence, particularly in Jonglei, Central Equatoria, Lakes and Upper Nile states.
Large scale sub national violence throughout 2020 displaced hundreds of thousands of people in Jonglei, and the effect of this displacement was compounded by flooding in the second half of the year including in Akobo County. The combination of these shocks has most likely triggered food insecurity in multiple counties in the state, while in Canal Pigi pockets of communal fighting in late 2020 may have exacerbated the food insecurity initially triggered by flooding, according to EyeRadio.
In October OCHA reported that in Tonj East County intercommunal fighting displaced about 18,000 people and an additional 5,000 people were reportedly displaced in November.
The continuation of conflict since December 2013 has created a complex humanitarian crisis in the country, restricting humanitarian access and hindering the flow of information required by aid partners to deliver humanitarian assistance to populations in need
A total of 363 hand washing facilities were established in communities and health facilities and 90,105 people were provided with locally fabricated cloth masks
Even with the underlying conflict dynamics between communities in the area, it seems that most of the arrivals  ( 87% )  indicated that they anticipate remaining in Mangala for more than 3 months.
Five per cent of the arrivals reported experiencing hunger, thirst and problems with the boat along the way from Jonglei to Mangala.
Approximately 582 per cent of the arrivals were children whilst 42 per cent are adults. Over half of the arrivals were female  ( 55% ) . Around 17 per cent of the arrivals were under the age of five years.
Challenges seen by clusters:  Fear of Kidnapping and killing on road ambush by arm men.  Lack of food.  S/NFIs.  WASH.  Fishing gears
At the onset of the 2020 dry season, the consequences of flooding in various areas of South Sudan continue to be deeply felt. Many people are still displaced after moving from lowland to highland areas. Mangala in Central Equatoria State has been a locus of flood related displacement and other population movements since early August 2020 when the first group of IDPs arrived on site
The vast majority  ( 99,8% )  of the IDPs indicated flooding as the main reason of their displacement
Reason for movement for IDPs: Natural disaster  ( flood ) : 80,452 Localized conflict: 31,553
At the start of the dry season, localized conflict is beginning to intensify, including in hotspot areas around Tonj North and Central Equatoria State where a combination of fractionalization, political competition, unaddressed grievances and livestock migration are driving violent clashes
Between October and December 2020, DTM reported on 20 instances of spontaneous population movement comprising 112,005 IDPs across six states. Natural disaster  ( flooding )  accounted for most displacement  ( 72% ) , while a further 28 per cent was the result of localized conflict. Thirty one per cent of the IDPs were displaced by flooding to locations in Northern Bahr El Ghazal, 22 per cent in Jonglei and 18 per cent in Unity. Instances of localized and subnational conflict displaced 10 per cent of the IDPs to locations in Warrap and a further 17 per cent in Central Equatoria. Close to three quarters of the IDPs  ( 74% )  were displaced to locations within the same payam, while 14 per cent moved to another payam within the same county, and 12 percent represent displacement from different county
 Need for donors & humanitarians partners to both discussed to how they do with quicker assistance to populations site.  The local/host communities to ensure the ownership and maintenance of hosting relationship to IDPs, as well as volunteer on the rehabilitation/repair and construction process regards to any coexistence.
 The host communities, who suppose to hosting IDPs, were also affected earlier by flood as some of their lifesaving and the functioning boreholes left in water.
 Quick identification and registration of Persons with Specific Needs  ( PSNs )  in dire need of NFIs and sanitary materials  Provision food to the IDPs since there is insufficiency of food  Medication for the sick persons/provision mobile clinic to the site
 Immediate food assistance to those without WFP cards and verification and registration of those without cards for possible intervention.  Due to lack of milk there is a need of especial food for children under five years and elderly to avoid the risk malnutrition among these vulnerable groups.
 Provision of safe water for the IDP population  Construction latrines and bath shelters
COVID 19 has had a devastating and multi faceted socioeconomic impact on people, including severe economic contractions, spikes in prices of basic commodities, loss of livelihoods particularly in urban areas, increased protection risks, and disrupted access to basic services.
Issues raised included accessibility and learning aids for children with disabilities, sexual abuse by teachers, the rise of out of school children since COVID 19  ( especially affecting girls, many of whom may now be pregnant ) , and a lack of books and reading materials for minds eager to learn.
As a result of the COVID 19 pandemic, learning completely stopped for children throughout the country, with many unable to access distance learning options
The latest food security analysis projected that 12,000 people  ( 10 per cent of population analysed )  will likely face catastrophe levels of acute food insecurity in Tonj South between December 2020 to March 2021.
It is important to underscore that, despite being under attack during this third phase, small groups of Murle elements led swift raids in western counties of Jonglei, taking advantage of the security vacuum created by the absence of Dinka militias, who were largely engaged in fighting in GPAA. For instance, between mid June and mid August, Murle groups conducted at least 10 attacks leading to casualties among local populations in Bor South, Duk, Twic East and Uror counties.
On 27 January  (  2021  ) , a humanitarian convoy of 5 trucks carrying emergency food supplies including 759 bags of sorghum and 134 cartons of vegetable oil travelling from Kuajo to Tonj East was stopped by an armed group in Kachuat village in Tonj North. The humanitarian workers were forced at gunpoint to offload the food at a nearby school and were forced to return back to Kuajok unharmed.
Between 8 and 10 July, approximately one month after the start of these offensives, Lou Nuer militias, mainly from Akobo, launched attacks in the Nanaam area. These groups then attacked Likuangole, leading to casualties, destruction of property and displacement of local populations. After abducting women and children and raiding a large number of cattle, Lou Nuer attackers began to retreat towards Akobo around 16 July.
On 7 July, the Dinka and Gaawar Nuer split to march respectively towards Ververt and Nanaam, abducting women and children, raiding cattle, and burning and destroying property along the way. Dinka elements pursued their offensive as far as Maruwa Hills  ( 120 km from Gumuruk ) , well beyond the scope of previous attacks on Gumuruk itself.
HRD's findings established that, in some circumstances, the attacks were well organized prior to the launching of a tactical assault  ( for instance, by blocking possible escape routes for local populations ) , or while taking control of villages  ( such as setting up defence perimeters ) .
Gaps and constraints: Insecurity in the river delivery locations made also response very difficult, especially for food assistance delivery• The flood response funds allocation process is very slow.
On 27 February, the Dinka and Nuer elements attacked Manyabol village. Murle villagers, who had received prior information about this offensive, fled towards the Lothila river before the assault began, but were pursued until they crossed the river to Verteth county  ( GPAA ) . The Dinka and Nuer armed elements remained in the Manyabol area until 3 March, searching for women and children hiding in the bush, and stealing cattle, before returning to their counties of origin. In total, between 18 February and 3 March, at least 51 Murle villages and settlements were attacked, occupied and/or partially destroyed.
As testing capacity has been a significant constraint on the COVID 19 response in South Sudan, health actors are establishing additional testing sites across the country. Between November 3 and 10, health actors installed new testing equipment in seven locations in Central Equatoria, Eastern Equatoria, Lakes, Northern Bahr el Ghazal, Upper Nile, Warrap, and Western Equatoria states, according to the UN.
MAY 2014  Agreement signed: Parties to the conflict sign the Recommitment on Humanitarian Matters of the Cessation of Hostilities Agreement. MARCH 2015  Fighting escalates: Fighting escalates in the Greater Upper Nile region. Civilans are killed and homes and crops are destroyed by the fighting. APRIL 2016  Transitional Government: Formation of the Transitional Government of National Unity of the Republic of South Sudan.
 Establishment of temporary women and girl friendly space for activities GBV response and preventive activities.  Govt', has to focus on durable peace.
A total of 371,721 individuals have benefited from the distribution of core pipeline supplies and WASH NFIs which include jerricans, buckets, soap and water treatment chemicals
It has also been reported that a total of 344,764 of the targeted population have been reached with key hygiene promotion messages.
Follow up is being conducted for the previously triggered village in Northern Bahr el Ghazal and Eastern Equatoria to establish communities that have attained open defecation free  ( ODF )  status, to date, a total of 305 villages with 205,706 people have been reported to have achieved ODF status
UNICEF field offices in Bor and Malakal also took part in the identification and prioritization of at risk counties for heightened surveillance to prevent importation of cholera from neighboring regions of Ethiopia that reported a cholera outbreak in November 2020.
UNICEF in partnership with nutrition implementing partners continued to provide preventive and curative nutrition services to children and women in South Sudan.
Heavy floods have destroyed classrooms and education supplies and interrupted the learning of an estimated 170,000 children across eight states.
Crime continues throughout South Sudan and is the most frequent type of security incident recorded in 2020 with over 1,400 events recorded by the UNICEF Security tea . In no order, murder, theft, armed robbery, gender based violence, revenge killings, looting, compound intrusions are common occurrences.
As part of the program, WFP provided food assistance to more than 8,500 people in Jonglei's Bor town in November.
The number of COVID 19 cases in South Sudan continues to increase amid persistent disease surveillance and testing challenges. As of December 2, the World Health Organization  ( WHO )  had reported more than 3,100 confirmed COVID 19 cases in South Sudan, including 61 related deaths
Take strict measures to implement social distancing, hand sanitizing/washing and wearing masks. Improve guidelines, IPC measures in health facilities.
Some border areas are open with no screening. Contact tracing is also reported a big challenge.
The UN issued press statements on November 2 and 3 condemning the incidents and calling on authorities and communities to guarantee aid workers' safety. USAID/BHA partners report that subnational violence and attacks against aid workers continue to hamper the delivery of humanitarian assistance to vulnerable communities, particularly in the GPAA  (  Greater Pibor Administrative Area )  one of the areas most affected by ongoing flooding and high levels of acute food insecurity.
Enhance supply of face masks and social distancing space due to floods and constrained living areas.
Take measures to improve access to the communities during floods, rains as well as during communal conflicts.
Improve funding for community engagement, risk communication and prevention of COVID 19 activities.
Inadequate PPEs and Masks for protection and IEC materials for risk communication.
There are 55 deaths with CFR= 42.3%.  [ EBOLA UPDATE IN DRC  ( as of 30th October 2020 ]
 Wadeng Wing of Hope  ( WWoH )  has distributed fishing gears to7000 HHs.  Humanitarian & Development Consortium  ( HDC )  has distributed NFI to 1200 HHs and 75 HH supported with fishing gears.  Center for Advocacy, Relief and Development  ( CARD )  has distributed WASH NFIs to 1537 HHs and has renovated some boreholes.
The COVID 19 emergency response depleted WASH core pipeline stocks in the middle of response, resulting in delayed flood response.
In addition, 241,767 people were reached through megaphone walks in the communities and other strategic locations such as markets and street corners. A total of 138 community mobilizers and 163 community influencers  ( religious, youth and community leaders )  were oriented on COVID 19 risk communication by UNICEF.
A total of 170,066 people were in need of critical gender based violence  ( GBV )  response.
A total of 53,658 people were in need of general protection response. A total of 150,400 children were in need of critical child protection response.
UNICEF and partners sustained the risk communication and community engagement interventions aimed at mitigating the spread of COVID 19 in all the 10 states
UNICEF supported a polio outbreak vaccination campaign covering 1.5 million children in 45 high risk counties in 7 states through social mobilization and awareness creation, with 3,900 community mobilizers oriented to support the campaign.
Cumulatively over 31,097 children were vaccinated against measles, and over 33,896 children were vaccinated against polio.
The children were treated at in patient and out patient therapeutic centers. In addition, over 28,053 people received hygiene promotion messages which included the prevention and management of COVID 19 by UNICEF.
Cumulatively over 31,097 children were vaccinated against measles, and over 33,896 children were vaccinated against polio by UNICEF.
Of the initial $4.7 million required for nutrition response in all the flood affected areas, only $1.8 million was received by 31January 2021.
In an effort to expand its overall cash programmes, UNICEF is finalizing long term agreements  ( LTAs )  with financial service providers  ( FSPs ) , and has started processes for integrating prevention of sexual exploitation and abuse  ( PSEA )  as part of capacity assessments for Financial Service Providers  (  FSPs ) .
UNICEF commenced the implementation of the WASH voucher project for the provision of hygiene materials in response to the COVID 19 pandemic; a total of 4,091 vulnerable households were reached against the target of 9,400 households in Aweil, Bor and Bentiu counties
There are 42 affected health areas across 13 health zones.  [  EBOLA UPDATE IN DRC  ( as of 30th October 2020 )  ]
1/42 health areas have not reported a case in over 42 days.  [ Highlights from past 21 days  ( 20 30 Oct )  ]
Lack of uterotonic drugs in various health facilities in Western Equatoria State.
Increase cases of water borne diseases in the community as a result of the heavy seasonal rainfalls.
Food Security and Livelihood: Flood affected areas have been responded to with several rounds of emergency food response; also livelihood support has been provided with response gaps remaining in a number of locations.
During the reporting period, 670 posters and 84,623 brochures on COVID 19 home based care were printed for distribution to the Provision of Essential Health Services Project  ( PEHSP )  health facilities and Boma Health Workers  ( BHWs )  in Upper Nile and Jonglei states to enhance case management of mild to moderate COVID 19 cases under home isolation.
There are 75 recoveries  ( 57.7% )   [  EBOLA UPDATE IN DRC  ( as of 30th October 2020 )  ]
Some 130 cases  ( 119 confirmed and 11 probable ) .  [ EBOLA UPDATE IN DRC  ( as of 30th October 2020 ]
Supportive case management guided by the HEV protocol is ongoing.  ( HEPATITIS E IN BENTIU POC  )
KEV messages on HEV prevention should continue within the community through HPs  ( health professional  ) , CHWs and Kondial Radio.
30 suspected are currently being treated across 19 IU/ETCs by health cluster.  [  EBOLA UPDATE IN DRC  ( as of 30th October 2020 )  ]
CCCM Cluster was not successful in mobilizing funds to support a robust CCCM response and site level coordination in the early phase of the emergency to meet the needs of displaced population and host community.
The WASH Cluster/HEV task force should engage in group discussion with Community leaders and woman group at water distribution points to understand their opinions on issue of Collapsing Jerry cans distribution
A total of $3.2 million was secured through South Sudan Humanitarian Fund for 225,000 flood affected people. A total of 196,410 people out of the planned and targeted 360,000 have been reached with ES/NFI assistance as of 31 January 2021. The ES/NFI assistance provided two mosquito nets, two blankets, one plastic sheet and one rubber rope to each household.
As of 31 January 2021, the four month period that Inter Cluster Coordination Group  ( ICCG )  had established for flood displaced IDPs to be supported in Mangalla to prevent creation of new IDP settlement expired. However, the displaced IDPs were still residing in Mangalla. There is need to continue engagement with the Central Equatoria and Jonglei State Governments to finalise the MOU for land allocation in Mangalla in preparation for the 2021 rainy season.
As of 31 January 2021, partners estimate 29,000 flood displaced people remain squatting in informal areas, unfinished buildings and marginalized neighborhoods in Juba City. Resources were required to meet the priority needs of these affected people and to ensure continuous updates are made to the plan through regular safety audits.
As of 31 January 2021, the UN's Central Emergency Response Fund  ( CERF )  and the South Sudan Humanitarian Fund  ( SSHF )  allocated a total of $19.4 million to humanitarian partners to help scale up the response to the people's needs. The SSHF's second Reserve Allocation provided $9.7 million for frontline responders, prioritizing life saving assistance in the areas of food security and livelihoods, health, nutrition, protection, shelter and NFIs, and WASH.
In Pibor, the first round OCV began on 16 January 2021 targeting 93, 250 individuals. A similar campaign is expected to be conducted in those payams in Upper Nile, Pibor and Eastern Equatoria bordering the regions of Ethiopia where Cholera outbreak has been declared.
In December 2020 and January 2021, some 88,928 people were reached with livelihood support consisting mainly of fishing kits and vegetables kits Food Security and Livelihood Cluster.
Education Cluster will continue engagement with WASH Cluster to ensure that flooded water facilities in schools are disinfected and collapsed latrines rebuild in preparation for the 2021 school season.
South Sudan reopened schools in November 2020 for the first time since April 2020 due to COVID 19 preventive measures. However, many schools remained closed due to flooding. As of 31 January 2020, the risk of school dropout was much higher in flood affected counties and children particularly girls may not return to schools.
The floods were an extra barrier to education on top of COVID 19 restrictions which affected children's learning. Worse still, Education partners were unable to respond due to lack of funding.
Heavy floods destroyed classrooms and education supplies and interrupted the learning of an estimated 170,000 children across eight states. Some 410 schools were either damaged by the floods or used as shelter by the flood displaced families.
The reporting period was also marked by reports of localized disease outbreaks, mainly vaccine derived polio virus and an increase in measles cases. Since the beginning of the year, 1,115 measles cases and 10 deaths have been reported in South Sudan, with all cases affecting children under five years of age.
In November, a vaccination campaign to curb the outbreak of vaccine derived polio type 2 was launched by UNICEF.
During November, a total of 360,768 people  ( 199,929 females and 160,839 males )  were reached with COVID 19 prevention messages through house to house visits by community mobilisers.
To date, UNICEF and partners joined WFP on 11 integrated rapid response missions conducted in Pading  ( two missions ) , Palouny, Pagak, Jekow, Maruwa, Pakwa, Nyilwal, Tonga, Atar 3 and Pigi, reaching 94,132 individuals, including 11,405 children under the age of five
During the reporting period  (  November 2020 )  , UNICEF supported two Integrated rapid response missions  ( IRRMs )  in Tonga  ( Panyikang County in Upper Nile State )  and Atar3/Diel  ( Pigi/canal Counties in Jonglei State )  reaching up to 25,000 people with vaccines for polio, measles and tetanus, as well as the provision of curative consultations.
In this regard, UNICEF continues to support the implementation of COVID 19 prevention interventions which include training of frontline health workers and community based health workers, the establishment and functionality of triage and screening points/areas in all supported health facilities for early recognition and referral of suspected COVID 19 cases as well as adherence to stringent infection, prevention and control  ( IPC )  measures.
The nutrition programme activities by UNICEF have been ongoing in all states as per the adapted guideline for the delivery of nutrition services in the context of COVID 19.
A total of 2,665 individuals  ( 705 girls, 665 boys, 623 women and 672 men )  were reached with mine risk education  ( MRE )  key messages in the communities in Central and Eastern Equatoria states by UNICEF.
A total of 1,303 women and 342 girls received case management, psychosocial support  ( PSS ) , and skillsbuilding courses in Women and Girls' Friendly Spaces  ( WGFS ) , and referrals for other specialized and non specialised services by UNICEF.
In addition, a total of 102 health facilities are being supported with IPC  ( Infection prevention and control )  services. So far triage and screening areas have been set up in 34 health facilities by UNICEF.
Likewise, a total of 99,417 vulnerable people been supported with access to basic sanitation facilities through the construction and rehabilitation of emergency communal latrines and household latrines by UNICEF.
UNICEF in collaboration with education cluster partners, is continuing to distribute education and infection prevention and control  ( IPC )  materials to support the safe reopening of the remaining schools. The supplies include face masks, soap, buckets for hand washing, recreation, dignity, student and teachers' kits. The materials will enhance learning as well as safety of children in schools.
UNICEF distributed 3,228 pieces of handheld radio sets to 12,079 children  ( 5,811 females and 6,268 )  children. The purpose of these radios is to support school aged children from vulnerable households to continue attending the radio distance learning programmes.
The hygiene situation reportedly deteriorated in Gogrial West in the third quarter, with the proportion of assessed settlements reporting people washing their hands with soap decreasing from 70% in July to 10% in September.
Forty four percent of assessed settlements reported that people walked for at least one hour to access their preferred water source in September, consistent with July proportion across the state.
At the county level, domestic violence was widely reported by assessed settlements as a major concern for women in Tonj East  ( 30% )  Tonj North  ( 35% )  and Tonj South  ( 29% )  counties in June. Overall, early marriage was reported by 20% of assessed settlements as a major protection concern for girls across Warrap State in September, comparable to 23% in April.
During the reporting period, UNICEF and implementing partners reached a total of 5,894 people  ( 1,250 girls, 1,096 boys, 2,333 women and 1,215 men )  with Gender Based Violence  ( GBV )  prevention, response and risk mitigation messages
The distribution of supplies was delayed by inaccessibility caused by heavy flooding. In November 2020, UNICEF and partners provided curative consultations to 140,014 individuals  ( 65,216 males and 74,798 females )  including 69,791 children under the age of five and 70,223 adults. This brings the cumulative total consultations for the period January   November 2020 to 1,626,597 out of which 725,050 were children under five  ( 350,071 males and 374,979 females )
Additionaly, in September assessed settlements reported washing hands with only water  ( 20% )  across the state.
The National Dialogue Conference in Juba was concluded during the reporting month, the dialogue made various recommendations such as the need for election, a federal system of governance as well as Presidential term limits.
In Tonj East County, the proportion of assessed settlements reporting access to boreholes was considerably low at 14% in September, suggesting that populations may be drinking from open and unimproved water sources. Since access to boreholes was reasonably high in the second quarter, the reported reduction in September may be due to displacement following the upsurge of violence in the third quarter
Domestic violence and early marriage were the most reported protection concerns for women and girls across the state. While the proportion of assessed settlements reporting domestic violence as a protection concern for women was comparable between April and June  ( 18% )  across the State, proportions decreased to 7% in July, and then remained consistently low through September.
Additionally, State/PRM  ( Bureau of Population, Refugees, and Migration )  supports the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees  ( UNHCR )  to address the specific health care needs of refugees and other vulnerable populations in South Sudan
In the third quarter of 2020, the main sources of drinking water reported by assessed settlements were boreholes  ( 60% ) , wells  ( 16% )  and open sources  ( 13% )  including pond, river and swamp in September. The overall proportion of assessed settlements reporting access to boreholes have reduced slightly from 70% in June to 60% in September
The proportion of assessed settlements reporting people consuming only one meal a day in Gogrial West increased from 55% in July to 79% in September, with Gogrial East  ( 59% ) , Tonj East  ( 64% )  and Twic  ( 64% )  continuing to report high proportions in September. Some of those meals may be inadequate, especially in Tonj East, where 97% of assessed settlements reported that meal sizes were reduced in September. As food reportedly became scarce, assessed settlements reported that adults prioritised letting children eat first in Tonj East  ( 26% )  and Twic  ( 14% )  counties in September.
Persistent incidents of property looting were reported across the state, with the proportion of assessed settlements reporting looting of property remaining consistent between April and July  ( 40% ) , decreasing by 11 percentage point in September  ( 29% ) .
With $26.4 million in FY 2020 funding, USAID/BHA provides countrywide support to the humanitarian response through the WFP managed UN Humanitarian Air Service  ( UNHAS )  and Logistics Cluster for South Sudan.
Similarly, in Tonj East, sexual violence was reported by 21% of assessed settlements as a protection concern for women in September. REACH data is also backed by recent assessments by humanitarian actors which indicated that women and girls had been raped during the outbreaks of intercommunal violence in the county between January and April. The persistence of sexual violence across the state may be attributed to the reported episodes of violent conflict especially in the most affected counties.
Several food consumption coping strategies were adopted in response to food access gaps across Warrap State. Across the state consumption of wild foods appear widespread, with 85% of assessed settlements reporting on this indicator in the third quarter of 2020. Consumption of wild foods was also widely reported by assessed settlements in Tonj East  ( 100% ) , Gogrial West  ( 100% )  and Gogrial West  ( 97% )  counties in September. While it may be normal for some sections of the populations to rely on wild foods at this time of the year due to increased seasonal availability of these foods, widespread consumption may suggest a general lack of food.
Additional support has been directed towards emergency repair and rehabilitation of dykes along densely populated areas in Bor South and Twic East counties. A second phase is planned to restore affected community services, including oral cholera vaccination campaigns in Pibor and Bor South as a preventive measure and to complement WASH infrastructure improvement measures such as the sanitation of boreholes, and the repair of degraded or damaged schools and health facility latrines.
To mitigate the effects of the COVID 19 pandemic, USAID/BHA partners are training local healthcare workers in infection prevention and control methods and strengthening community health coordination.
Reduced frontline operational capacity of partners due to funding shortage delays the second phase of the response and the implementation of semi permanent solutions.
Access to food seemed to be lowest in Gogrial East County, with 0% assessed settlements reporting adequate access to food in September, a 36% reduction since July. The the main reason why people could not access enough food was flooding which destroyed crops, reported by 84% of assessed settlement in September, a 70% increase since July. Indicative of the severity of flooding, only 3% of assessed settlements reported cultivation as the main source of food, a 26% decrease from July.
UNHAS  ( United Nations Humanitarian Air Service )  offers air transportation to relief actors throughout the country, while the Logistics Cluster provides coordination and information management services for humanitarian workers, delivery of essential humanitarian relief items, common warehousing of basic relief commodities, and geographical information system mapping.
In Twic County, the proportion of assessed settlements reporting adequate access to food remained comparably low since April  ( 0% )  through July  ( 3% )  and September  ( 6% ) . According to KIs in assessed settlements with inadequate access to food, flooding destroying crops  ( 47% )  and safety concerns  ( 19% )  were the main reasons why people could not access enough food in September. These shocks appear to have impacted negatively cultivation, as indicated by the low proportion  ( 31% )  of assessed settlements reporting cultivation as the main source of food in September. The proportion of assessed settlements reporting market purchase as their main source of food decreased from 79% in July to 28% in September, likely due to poor road networks and high food prices.  [ Twic County ]
Maintain open communication and coordination channels with the national authorities by ensuring good relations with host populations and their inclusion in work and activities across the site. Regularly bring together site level stakeholders to share information, gather concerns and update organizations.
Physical access is still compromised due to high levels of water, including for canoes to reach facilities.
Health Cluster partners are in the final stage of preparation for oral cholera campaigns in Pibor and Bor South. Oral cholera campaigns will be carried out as a preventive measure and to complement water, hygiene and sanitation improvement measures. On 14 December, the first round of the campaign targeting 74,846 people commenced in Bor South.
The cluster members reached more people than the target, since locations affected by floods are the same locations that receive blanket food distribution.
Despite the overarching needs in camps and camp like settings that require some form of management to create a safe and secure living environment to meet the basic human rights of displaced people; due to the lack of funding, the application of the CCCM Cluster approaches and skills to meet the diverse needs of the displaced persons has not been made.