nlp-thedeep/humsetbias huggingface dataset:
The economic crisis as a result of the COVID 19 pandemic is affecting communities and local economies in Borno, Adamawa and Yobe states. Lockdown measures and movement restrictions have disrupted livelihood opportunities.
According to the United Nations Under Secretary General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief, a total of 38 United Nations  ( UN )  and NGO workers, mostly Nigerians, have been killed since 2011. Second, a recent attack on a UN air service in Maiduguri has led to the temporary suspension of humanitarian air service in the region. These events further worsen the inadequacy of relief services in the troubled zone. As Nigerian forces continue to wage war against the jihads, aid agencies cannot carry out humanitarian assistance to the vulnerable population.
Joint advocacy efforts continue to call for humanitarian access during the COVID 19 lockdown and movement restrictions especially in Borno State which reduced access to beneficiaries.
Access to food was also made more difficult given price increases on food and agricultural inputs due to a both lockdown measures and restrictions in movements of traders.
Restrictions in inter state movements coupled with strict lockdown measures especially in Borno State
From 2012 onward, some Boko Haram attacks occurred in Bauchi and Gombe. Banks and police stations were attacked and a limited presence of extremists was reported in the forests of Darazo, Ningi and Ganjuwa local government areas of Bauchi. In Gombe, the group attacked a prison, police stations and places of worship. Localities such as Nafada, Akko and Funakaye were affected. Risk factors exist in both states, but triggered only limited problems.
Two north eastern Nigerian states show the ambiguous interplay between risk factors and violent extremism. Communities affected by violent extremism are frequently considered to have risk factors linked to socio economic deprivation, bad governance and religious radicalisation
As part of the movement restrictions, on 18 March Nigerian authorities issued a travel ban and suspended visa on arrival for all travellers coming from countries that registered over 1,000 cases domestically.
Testing capacity in Nigeria is now increasing, but the health system is weak, and many areas of the countries are not easily accessible. The pandemic and COVID19 containment measures are having a significant impact on the population's well being, and socioeconomic and living conditions
In the months of March and April, the nutritional situation in Adamawa, Borno and Yobe states remained poor but stable. During the reporting period, the provision of nutrition services was disrupted due to the COVID 19 pandemic, especially due to the movement restrictions imposed.
The federal government had also ordered compulsory health screenings at airports and border crossings, 14 days' self quarantine upon arrival for people travelling but showing no symptoms, and isolation measures for travellers showing COVID 19 symptoms. However, health screenings were not implemented due to lack of capacity and resources.
COVID 19 related challenges include inadequate supply of personal protective equipment  ( PPE )  and disinfectant supplies, a reduced number of health workers at health facilities, and inadequate MUAC measuring tapes to optimally scale up Mother MUAC approach.
A nationwide curfew between 8 pm and 6 am was announced as the lockdown was eased.
Schools and places of worship remain closed across the country to prevent social gathering and allow physical distancing. Bars, restaurants, and cinemas remain closed. Wearing face masks is compulsory when in public places, shops, and on transportation. International and national passenger flights and inter state travel remains banned.
In 2020, a total of 61,326 severely malnourished children have been admitted for treatment, representing approximately 31 per cent of the annual target, well within the expected trend.
Nigeria's commitment has proven particularly variable. The country faces a dizzying range of threats, from Boko Haram itself to herder farmer violence largely in its middle belt, mounting banditry in the north west and a still unstable Niger Delta
A total of 30,714 severely malnourished children were admitted for treatment into the outpatient therapeutic programme  ( OTP )  and 1,593 into the stabilization centres for inpatient intensive care. The number of admissions in April was slightly lower than expected due to COVID 19 movement restrictions in Maiduguri, Jere, Mafa and Konduga LGAs  ( Borno State ) .
Abuja: 24th June, 2020 Apart from the shaming culture of rape survivors in the country, the lack of meting out appropriate punishment to perpetuators is further deepening the agony of those that suffered in their hands, Mr. Arinze Orakwue, Director of Public Enlightenment at the National Agency for the Prohibition of Trafficking in Persons  ( NAPTIP )  has said.
The panellists also agreed that boys were being raped too by fellow male gender and female, a scourge they said needed urgent attention by all stakeholders to put an end to it.
Reduction of basic services and livelihoods are exacerbating the vulnerabilities of affected people such as increased unemployment and loss of remittances. Daily laborers and people engaging in cash for work activities are the most affected due to restricted labour migration and closure of small businesses.
According to the report, “about 3 in 10 Nigerians  ( 26 per cent )  disclosed that they know someone who has been raped in the past and the rape victims were particularly minors and young adults aged between 1 – 15 years  ( 72 per cent )  and 16 – 25 years  ( 24 per cent )  respectively. This statistic implies that one in every three girls would have experienced at least one form of sexual abuse by the time they reach 25 years'.
There has been public outrage over the brutal rape and murder of 22 year old Uwa Omozuwa in Benin and 19 year old Barakat Bello in Ibadan which sparked social media hashtags #JusticeforUwa, #JusticeforBarakat and #WeAreTired.
The EU joins the humanitarian community in strongly condemning the recent killing of aid workers that were abducted in June along the Monguno Maiduguri road in Northeast Nigeria
Informal vehicle checkpoints and ambushes along the main roads in Borno State have resulted in hundreds of civilians being abducted, wounded or killed since the beginning of the year. Insecurity in conflict affected Northeast Nigeria is severely impacting the civilian population and hindering the capacity to provide humanitarian assistance to people in need of urgent support.
The Secretary General strongly condemns the killing, on 22 July, of five civilians, including three aid workers from the Agency for Technical Cooperation and Development, the International Rescue Committee and Action Against Hunger, by an armed group in northern Borno State, north eastern Nigeria.
The spread of COVID 19 has posed a threat to these young people's economic prospects. Since social distancing measures were put in place, kekes are allowed to carry only two passengers instead of the usual four. Consequently, their earnings have been halved, and they now earn just 100 Naira, or $0.25, per ride.
The Nigerian Red Cross Society, with the support of the International Committee of the Red Cross, followed this adage to the letter, by supporting the production and the translation of stickers with COVID 19 prevention messages which are stuck on tricycles across the city. In this way, keke riders are utilizing their vast numbers and city wide presence to help raise awareness about the virus and curb its spread.
In previous years, people suffered serious harm as a result of rains and floods, including new displacements. Persons in IDP camps, including children, suffered physical injuries or drowning. Shelters were destroyed. Food and non food items were damaged.
The lockdown will affect pastoralists. Pastoralists in Nigeria are known for constant movement in search of pasture for their livestock.
Over the years, violent clashes between farmers and herders over access to land has been recurrent. The intensity of the conflict is due to some factors. First, the receding Lake Chad pose a great worry to the teaming number of herders who need pasture for their livestock. Second, the armed conflict in the Lake Chad region is forcefully displacing people in the area coupled with other conflict issues in the Sahel region
The COVID 19 pandemic has pushed countries of the world to adopt multiple approaches towards containing the spread of the virus that has killed about 323,256 people as of 21st May 2020.
Evacuations from flooded to nonaffected areas increased congestion within camps, and aggravated protection risks such as GBV and crime due to limited access to food, tensions within the family and community or the destruction of various structures and latrines.
Besides, owing to inadequate access to basic needs, traditional protection structures, or security fears at internally displaced persons' camps, some women and girls have reportedly become vulnerable to sexual exploitation in the form of rape and survival sex.
These environmental and security factors are responsible for the southward migration of herders where they are in constant competition over access to diminishing resources with the sedentary farmers down south. The ensuing melee has led to numerous losses of lives and destruction of properties.
Open grazing associated with pastoralism in Nigeria has socio cultural underpinnings; hence it requires much more than policy actions. It is vital to secure the buy in of the key players in the sector. This includes pastoralists and their organisation, Miyetti Allah Cattle Breeders Association of Nigeria  ( MACBAN ) , farmers groups and cooperatives, religious and traditional institutions. Proper sensitisation that communicates the benefits of the NLTP is essential in achieving full implementation and sustainability of the programme.
As a result of loss of livelihood, damage to shelter or separation from family members, women and children are at higher risk of trafficking and may engage in negative coping techniques to acquire food and other goods  ( e.g., clothing, cooking materials, tools to dig trenches around their homes ) .
As noted, despite the growing need for protection and assistance, the availability of services is already limited amid the COVID 19 crisis.
In particular, wash your hands frequently with soap; maintain at least 2 meters distance between yourself and anyone who is coughing or sneezing repeatedly; wear a face mask/covering in public; avoid large gathering as much as possible; and do not mingle with people or congregate if you feel unwell.
The WASH Sector common pipeline stock is running low on crucial supplies, especially soap and chlorine due to increased demand for COVID 19 and cholera prevention and response. About 200,000 pieces of soap, 200 drums of chlorine and about 800 additional handwashing facilities are required, so additional funding is necessary to cover the gaps
Currently, routine immunization is ongoing in all 36 Nigerian states.
The members of the Security Council condemned in the strongest possible terms the multiple terrorist attacks on 9 and 10 June in Felo, on 13 June in Monguno against a UN humanitarian facility and on 13 June in Nganzai in Borno State, Nigeria, which together resulted in at least 120 killed and others injured.
For camps that have been established for over four years, this ratio of persons per latrine should be brought down to 20. Lack of enough land to construct sanitation facilities, specifically gender segregated latrines, remains a major challenge to improving sanitation and hygiene services in camps and camp like setting
The COVID 19 pandemic has posed new obstacles to vaccination in the country as well as to the surveillance of vaccine preventable diseases across much of Africa. As the continent responds to the novel coronavirus, there is a significant risk that more children will miss out on life saving vaccines that can prevent diseases like measles and polio.
Initially, information collected by WHO from various hospitals and clinics in Kano suggested that there had been a worrying decline in client attendance at health facilities due to a lack of awareness of continued routine immunization, as well as fear of COVID 19 infection and transport issues arising from lockdown measures.
In March, partners also registered 2,211 new arrivals across Bama, Gwoza, Pulka and Ngala  ( Borno State ) , overstretching resources in already overcrowded reception centres.
Globally, studies have shown that conflict affected and forcibly displaced women and girls face increased risks of maternal morbidity, mortality, and gender based violence  ( GBV ) ; higher risks of sexually transmitted infections  ( STIs ) ; greater risks of unintended pregnancy; and heightened risks of unsafe abortion and its associated complications.
There is a need for policy actions and legislation that will curb the menace of rape in Nigeria and also ensure that victims get the justice they deserve.
An estimated 26 million people live in areas affected by the conflict.The conflict is concentrated in three Northeastern states of Nigeria: Adamawa, Borno, and Yobe. Across these states, an estimated 6.9 million people need health assistance, 5.1 million are food insecure, and 1.62 million IDPs live in camps and settlements.
In Nigeria, both the Federal and state governments have initiated varying degrees of movement restrictions and inter state border closures to flatten the curve of the infections. The implication of this development has halted several businesses that require inter state logistics and movements. Nigeria's travel industry has lost about ₦180 billion due to the pandemic.
One contestable reason for the apparent rise of sexual violence in Nigeria could be that sexual violence victims are becoming more encouraged to report such crimes. However, it could also be that there is an increase in the rate of sexual violence in Nigeria.
Much worse, movement restrictions will confine pastoralists to areas where there might be a shortage of pasture, and increase the possibility of farmland encroachments. The resultant effect will lead to renewed clashes between farmers and herders.
Nigeria is one of the few countries still practising open grazing system. The nature of pastoralism in Nigeria requires constant movement of pastoralists and their livestock. The inter state lockdown will affect this nomadic herding – although unchecked entry points through the forests are still available.However, this will pose a serious challenge to a country trying to stop a raging virus from consuming its 200 million population
Beyond external factors, behavioral changes and containment measures linked to the domestic outbreak of COVID 19 are affecting employment in all sectors of the Nigerian economy.
Data from the Armed Conflict Location and Event Database  ( ACLED )  conflict monitoring source, together with Crisis Group's own field research, confirms Boko Haram's regional expansion from 2015, even while Nigeria mostly remained the epicentre of violence. That said, attacks in Nigeria's neighbours remained largely small scale, involving raiding and skirmishing. Nigeria itself suffered many more fatalities
The global spread of the pandemic and the subsequent collapse of international oil prices are destabilizing Nigeria's macroeconomic balances.
The recent sexual violation and murder of a 22 year University of Benin undergraduate have fanned the embers of the growing awareness and condemnation of sexual violence in the Nigerian society. Since the incident, there have been many other reported cases of violation of women and girls, and even more worrisome is the sexual violation of little girls in the country.
According to the IOM Displacement Tracking Matrix, a total of 80,825 IDPs in camps are living in damaged shelters and 143,067 in makeshift shelters with a total of 451,964 people living in overcrowded settlements. These numbers underscore the urgent need to develop and implement a decongestion strategy, as overcrowding exacerbates the risks of disease and fire outbreaks
Then, the plunge in oil prices caused the annual real GDP growth rate to fall from an average of 7 percent from 2000 to 2014 to 2.7 percent in 2015 and  1.6 percent in 2016 Nigeria's first recession in 25 years. Growth slowly rebounded in 2017 and 2018, supported by rising oil prices and a recovery in agriculture and services. By 2019, the economic recovery appeared to be strengthening as annual GDP growth reached 2.2 percent.
women and girls are easily captured and turned into sex slaves and violated at will. For example, on May 7, 2013, insurgents seized 4 women and 8 children from a police barrack in Bama in Borno state.
To limit the spread of the virus, the government acted promptly to restrict international and domestic flights, interstate road traffic, and the movement of people in urban areas.
Addressing camp congestion is an urgent priority to mitigate the exposure and risks among the vulnerable population, especially in the COVID 19 context where physical distancing measures are critical
Similarly, a Rapid Protection Assessment Report published in May 2016 by the Borno State Protection Sector working group comprising national and international aid providers identified sexual exploitation, rape and other sexual abuses as a major concern in 14 camps out of 26 sites hosting IDPs in Borno State.
The closure of schools is likely to reduce the food intake of some 7 million children who live in poverty and who are enrolled in the national school feeding program.
As of May 2020, 4 in 10 workers in Nigeria were already reporting a loss of labor income, and disruptions to markets and supply chains are impeding agricultural activity. Retail trade, for instance, which employs 1 in 6 workers, is being hit especially hard as income losses spread through the economy. Overall, the disruption of employment dynamics will affect household incomes and consumption.
In 2020, Nigeria's economy is expected to experience its worst recession in four decades. In the baseline scenario, the economy would contract by 3.2 percent this year
A recent fire outbreak in the International Secondary School IDP Camp in Ngala, Borno State is indicative of the risks associated with shelters being built too closely together. Some seventeen people lost their lives due to the fire outbreak that rapidly spread across the camp, destroying 300 shelters along with property, valuables and household items.
It is probable that the pandemic will disproportionately disrupt the economic activities of women. As healthsector resources shift from preventive care to emergency management, women's health and social outcomes are likely to worsen.
Moreover, the fire led to mistrust between humanitarian actors and the local population, creating an insecure environment for aid workers and leading to a temporary suspension of humanitarian activities in the ISS IDP Camp where more than 40,000 vulnerable people rely on humanitarian assistance
Failure to contain COVID 19 domestically would not only deepen the recession, but also impose a major burden on the already strained healthcare system. This, in turn, could cause a spike in morbidity and mortality rates, especially for low income households and vulnerable communities.
The human cost of COVID 19 will be high: beyond the loss of life, as the economy contracts and per capita incomes fall, the pandemic is projected to leave 5 million more Nigerians living in poverty in 2020 relative to the pre COVID forecast.
In 2019, about 83 million people equivalent to 4 in 10 Nigerians were already living below the national poverty line, with millions only barely above it, making them vulnerable to falling into poverty when shocks occur.
Access constraints continue to pose major challenges in parts of Borno State, particularly in the deep field, compounded by COVID 19 movement restrictions.
the AU designated the Lake Chad Basin Commission  ( LCBC )  as the mission's political component. The four Lake Chad countries set up the LCBC in the 1960s, initially to deal with environmental issues and later to coordinate the efforts to stop cross border criminality. But it remained dormant or weakly resourced. Participating countries put it forward in 2015 as a political lead for the MNJTF due to the need to have a civilian point of contact for the AU and for donors, who were reluctant to deal exclusively with a military set up to stop cross border criminality.
Lack of adequate and usable land to expand IDP camps and reduce overcrowding remains the most persistent issue requiring joint advocacy by all humanitarian actors.
With constant cross border movements resulting in refugee returns into Nigeria and persistent attacks by non state armed groups on military targets and civilian populations, population movements and the security situation are fluid
The crisis in north east Nigeria, now entering its 11th year, has displaced around 1.8 million people in Borno, Adamawa and Yobe states and civilians continue to bear the brunt of the conflict with protection of civilians as an urgent priority.
Subsequently with increasing numbers arriving into camps for humanitarian aid there are additional associated protection risks and vulnerabilities, especially as resources are limited. In the context of COVID 19, there is additional urgency to mainstream protection in humanitarian prevention and response measures.
Conflict associated with Boko Haram has been ongoing for over 10 years and the sharp uptick in 2016 destroyed livelihoods and significantly disrupted household food access. Though conflict persists and some areas remain inaccessible, available information suggests food security has somewhat improved. There is limited reporting of extreme hunger in inaccessible areas in line with what occurred in 2016. As such, it is unlikely a Famine is ongoing in inaccessible areas; however, Famine could occur in the event there is a dramatic uptick or shift in conflict that isolates households from typical food and income sources and humanitarian assistance for a prolonged period of time.
Communal and farmer/pastoral conflict, kidnapping, and armed banditry persist across northern and central parts of the country. Though the epicenter of conflict is in the northeast where the Boko Haram insurgency continues. In recent months, insurgents have escalated attacks in the northeast of Nigeria, particularly in Borno State and military counter insurgency operations have also intensified leading to increased displacement and restricted livelihood activities in the area relative to the same time last year. In June, attacks were reported in several locations in the northeast related to insurgency, communal clashes, farmer/pastoral conflict, banditry, and kidnapping
The Nigerian economy and foreign reserves are mainly dependent on crude oil, which represents more than 80 percent of exports and is influenced by fluctuations in international oil prices. According to the IMF, the economy is experiencing twin shocks: the significant decrease in the crude oil prices and the COVID 19 pandemic slowing economic activity. In May, the country exported 1.61 million barrels of crude oil per day, still higher than the Nigeria OPEC+ proposed quota of 1.41 million barrels per day. OPEC+ cut Nigeria's quota due to high market supply and calm price decreases.
Across most markets, supplies have substantially declined and are well below average despite traders releasing stocks to sell products at seasonally high prices in part due to the lockdown. Market supply in southern areas, which are deficit producing, are more constrained relative to northern markets. Moreover, staple food prices are relatively higher in southern areas than the north, despite conflict in northern areas impacting market functioning. Delays in movement of goods has reduced the flow of the stocks across the country and overall markets are functioning at lower levels than normal.
Before COVID 19 broke out, Nigeria already had structural challenges that made it more vulnerable to a global pandemic, particularly macroeconomic and health issues.
The persistent attacks by non state armed groups are creating insecurity and fear among civilian populations in host communities and IDP camps, as well as triggering population movements and influxes of new arrivals in already overcrowded IDP camps thereby heightening protection risks and concerns
Similarly, the Emergency Tracking Tool from IOM, there was a slight increase in displacements where there were nearly 2,5000 people recorded as displaced from June 15 to 21. Nearly three quarters of the population were new arrivals from some of the most conflict affected areas of Bama, Biu, Gwoza, Mobbar, and Ngala. Most of the individuals arriving indicated that they were displaced mostly from voluntary relocation or fear of attack. From January to mid June, a total over 52,1119 movements were recorded with most movements triggered by poor living conditions, voluntary relocation, and conflict.
Additionally, communal conflict in Zangon Kataf, and Kauru LGAs in Kaduna state led to displacement and fatalities with a subsequent 24 hour curfew declared by the state government to curtail the escalation of the conflict. Similar attacks by bandits, kidnappers, and cattle rustlers has been reported in Shiroro LGA of Niger state where over 4,000 persons remain displaced. Attacks were also reported in Benue, Plateau, and Nasarawa states, also resulting in displacement and fatalities.
As of May, in conflict affected areas of the northwestern and central Nigeria, over 175,000 people are displaced in surveyed LGAs in Katsina, Sokoto and Zamfara States, according to UNHCR. Also, according to UNHCR, despite border closures, more than 30,000 people have fled to Niger since April, triple that of the same time last year. Many of these households have reported fleeing insecurity and violence.
Persistent attacks by the insurgents as well as military operations within the region continue to see an increase in population displacement. IOM DTM round 31 from February 2020 reported over 2.05 million people were displaced across the northeast. This is as slightly increase in displacement from previous rounds and is likely associated with the uptick in conflict. It is also important to note that this figure includes those who have been reported multiple times.
Market access and functioning levels will remain significantly below normal including flow of goods and service, limiting the food supply in some markets. Staple food prices particularly maize, millet, sorghum and groundnut within these axes has increased significantly compared to last year and 5 year average, following reduction in market stock level and increasing demand. Additionally, prices are above 2015/16 levels. The rising food prices was further exacerbated by the deteriorating macroeconomy, negatively impacting the general price and flow of commodities.
Displaced populations particularly those who have been displaced multiple times and those with extremely limited incomes and access to food continue to rely largely on humanitarian assistance from both partners and government to meet both their food and non food needs. April 2020 data from Nigeria Food Security Sector indicate over 1.5 million people were assisted through other sources in April 2020 based on available information. COVID 19 related lockdown somewhat disrupted the delivery of assistance, although the disruptions were not significant.
Agricultural activities are underway though at below average levels with a large proportion of displaced households unable to engage in the ongoing cropping season due to constrained land access, as well as income and input limitations. Some of the affected households have relocated to major urban areas where they feel more secure although often have difficulties finding income earning opportunities. Some households are in Niger republic as refugees. Similarly, some pastoralists have left the area as the cattle rustling activities intensify.
In 2019, twelve aid workers were killed  ( double the number recorded in 2018 )  and 14 were kidnapped in northeast Nigeria, following an increase of attacks by non state armed groups at the end of the year
The dire socio economic conditions of the affected populations require an enhanced and coordinated response.
A total of 2,193 movements were recorded, comprising 1,696 arrivals and 497 departures, between 6 and 12 July 2020. Arrivals were recorded at locations in Askira/Uba, Bama, Biu, Dikwa, Gubio, Gwoza, Mobbar, Monguno and Ngala Local Government Areas  ( LGAs )  of the most affected Nigerian State of Borno. Arrivals were also recorded in Fufore, Gombi, Guyuk, Hong, Lamurde, Maiha, Michika, Mubi North, Mubi South, Numan, Song and Yola South LGAs of the state of Adamawa.
Persistent conflict and instability in multiple parts of the country constrained agriculture and trade activities and disrupted agricultural supply chains. Moreover, the closure of Nigeria's land borders for the movement of goods in August 2019 significantly increased food prices  ( see section on Nigeria's Border Closure ) . In December 2019, food prices had increased by 14.7 percent  ( endperiod ) , well above the increase of 13.6 percent observed during the same period a year earlier.
1,696 Departures were recorded in Askira/Uba, Bama, Dikwa, Hawul, Kala/Balge and Maiduguri Metropolitan Council LGAs of Borno; Fufore, Gombi, Guyuk, Lamurde, Madagali, Maiha, Michika, Mubi North, Mubi South, Song, Yola North and Yola South LGAs of Adamawa.
Monguno: 336 arrivals were recorded in Monguno LGA of Borno state. The arrivals included 190 from Kukawa ward and Alagarno ward of Kukawa LGA and 146 from Gajiram ward of Nganzai LGA in Borno state. 59 per cent of the movements were as a result of poor living conditions and 41 per cent were as a result of conflict/attack.
Nigeria's external position had already eroded before the COVID 19 pandemic, and the country's reliance on oil exports and short term financial flows left it highly vulnerable to the crisis.
Mobbar: 219 arrivals were recorded in Mobbar LGA of Borno state. All 219 arrivals were from Diffa region in Niger Republic. All movements recorded were as a result of poor living conditions.
Despite Nigeria's documented secularity, religious conflict is prominent in the discussion of challenges facing the country.
Perceived oppression and marginalisation of one group  ( religious )  by another fuels distrust and tension that can lead to religious conflict. To solve this, the Nigerian state must, first, take into consideration all the numerous identity groups in resource allocation. Second, ensure that there are no structural enablers of social disequilibrium.
Religion has proven to be a two pronged fork that can be used to either cultivate social harmony or incite violent tensions. Nigeria needs to explore religion more systematically rather than ceremonious in pushing the national integration agenda.
Therefore, government must map out a systematic approach to address the issue of religious intolerance in Nigeria.
Guyuk: 146 arrivals and 61 departures were recorded in Guyuk LGA of Adamawa state. All 146 arrivals recorded were from Guyuk LGA in Adamawa state. The departures included 47 from Guyuk LGA and 14 from Lamurde LGA of Adamawa state. 71 per cent of the movements were as a result of fear of attack and 29 per cent were as a result of poor living conditions.
An exhaustive nutrition screening using mid upper arm circumference  ( MUAC )  and Oedema for acute malnutrition was conducted by Sector partners for 140 children of 6 59 months. Of the 140 children screened, the MUAC reading was 6 children  ( 5 from In  accessible and 1 accessible areas )  in the Red category, 14 were in the Yellow category and 120 were measured in the Green category. No case of Oedema was reported in the 4 LGAs that we received reports from.
A high frequency survey conducted in April May 2020 found that Nigerian households began to experience significant losses in employment and income almost as soon as the pandemic broke. About 1 in 2 households reported having had to reduce food consumption to cope.
The results also include 88 children from neighboring countries  ( 14 in Bama, 2 in Gwoza, 59 in Mobbar and 13 in Ngala ) . Of all the 88 children measured, 1 child was recorded in the Red category, 77 in the Green category and the remaining 10 in the Yellow category. All children found with acute malnutrition have been admitted for treatment. Please note, the data presented are not surveillance results and should be interpreted with caution.
Supplyside effects will include the disruption of input supply networks and temporary shortages of labor for agricultural production. Movement restrictions related to the pandemic are already interfering with food supply chains, leaving farmers with fewer buyers and consumers with less food.
Malaria: In Epi week 26, 5,046 cases of confirmed malaria were reported through EWARS. Of the reported cases, 420 were from General Hospital Biu, 200 were from Uba General Hospital in Askira Uba, 138 were from Algon Clinic in Monguno, 134 were from PUI Waterboard Extension IDP Camp Clinic in Monguno, 122 were from ICRC FSP Clinic in Monguno, 121 were from PUI Mobile Clinics in MMC and 120 were from Shuwari Host Community Clinic in Damboa. No associated death was reported
Acute watery diarrhea: In Epi week 26, 893 cases of acute watery diarrhea were reported through EWARS. Of the reported cases, 155 were from PUI Mobile Clinics in MMC, 148 were from Ngaranam PHC in MMC, 88 were from Herwa Peace PHC in MMC, 74 were FHI360 clinic Banki in Bama, 64 were from Gwoza Wakane IDP Camp Clinic in Gwoza, 56 were from Sabon Gari Lowcost IDP Camp Clinic  ( MDM )  in Damboa and 51 were from Mafa Central IDP Camp Clinic  ( TDH ) . No associated death was reported.
Suspected Measles: Twenty four  ( 24 )  suspected measles cases were reported through EWARS in week 26. Of the reported cases, 10 were from INTERSOS Health Facility in Bama, 3 cases each from Bargu MCH in Shani and Hausari IDP Camp Clinic  ( MDM )  in Damboa and 2 were from INTERSOS Health Facility Gamboru in Ngala. Eighteen  ( 18 )  additional cases were reported through IDSR* from Biu  ( 1 ) , Hawul  ( 1 ) , Jere  ( 2 ) , Kukawa  ( 2 ) , MMC  ( 4 )  and Monguno  ( 8 )  LGAs making a total of 42 suspected measles cases. No associated death was reported.
Suspected Yellow Fever: Three  ( 3 )  suspected yellow fever cases were reported through IDSR from Gubio  ( 1 ) , Hawul  ( 1 )  and Ngala  ( 1 ) . No associated death was reported. Suspected Meningitis: One  ( 1 )  suspected meningitis case was reported through EWARS from University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital in Jere. Suspected VHF: One  ( 1 )  suspected VHF case was reported through EWARS from Gwange PHC in MMC.
As with many countries in the world, in March 2020 Nigeria closed its land borders indefinitely to limit the spread of the COVID 19 pandemic. While ports have remained in operation, both major airports in Lagos and Abuja have been closed to international arrivals. Nigeria's land borders have been sealed off completely, and crossborder travel and trade have declined dramatically.
Although health situation is improving under the NE Nigeria Health Sector 2019 Strategy, the health service delivery continues to be hampered by the breakdown of health facilities infrastructure.
There is a serious shortage of skilled health care workers, particularly doctors, nurses and midwives, with many remaining reluctant to work inaccessible areas because of ongoing armed conflict
Among IDP HHs, the average reported per capita monthly expenditure on energy was 408 naira. For HC HHs, the average reported per capita monthly expenditure on energy was 505 naira
Unavailability of network coverage in the newly liberated areas negatively affects timely submission of health data for prompt decision making.
Access to secondary health care and referral services in remote areas is significantly limited.
Among IDP HHs, the average reported monthly per capita expenditure on WASH was 441 naira. 3 For HC HHs, the average monthly per capita expenditure on WASH was reported to be 487 naira
Among IDP HHs, the average reported per capita monthly expenditure on energy was 383 naira. For HC HHs, the average reported per capita monthly expenditure on energy was 471 naira
Despite high poverty and vulnerability leaving many households susceptible to the COVID 19 crisis, coverage of social protection in Nigeria is low.
Among IDP HHs, the average reported monthly per capita expenditure on health was reported to be 592 naira. 6 For HC HHs, the average reported monthly expenditure on health was 741 naira.
Aid workers are directly impacted and the humanitarian community is disturbed by the news of possible abductions, including that of a camp manager from the Borno State Emergency Management Agency working in the northern Borno State town of Monguno, where tens of thousands of civilians are desperately in need of humanitarian assistance.
The COVID 19 pandemic is heightening already existing vulnerabilities for gender based violence, reducing survivors access to report, seek help or receive quality response services
In some situations, there has been an increase in the incidents of GBV; however, in north east Nigeria, restrictions and lockdown measures have presented barriers for survivors who are seeking help and service provision.
The reduced presence of humanitarian personnel, especially in some of the deep field locations, has strained available services and limited access to GBV service provision. Meanwhile, frontline staff and response teams lack access to adequate basic personal supplies to enable them to respond appropriately to the identified needs
Most Nigerian workers especially those in poor households are employed in agriculture or nonfarm enterprises, which may be more susceptible to the COVID 19 crisis.
Among IDP HHs, the average reported monthly per capita expenditure on WASH was 244 naira. 3 For HC HHs, the average monthly per capita expenditure on WASH was reported to be 363 naira
Our colleagues and partners were abducted while travelling on a main route connecting the northern town of Monguno with Maiduguri, the Borno State capital. Their safety and securing their safe release have been our highest priority since they were captured last month.
Landmines of an improvised nature remain the main threat and restrict safe freedom of movement, while civilians continue to be the main targets of attacks involving personal borne explosive devices  ( PBIEDs ) . The use of explosive weapons such as rockets in populated areas has also killed and injured civilians.
There are discernible policy lessons from the Bauchi and Gombe contexts. However, while both states challenge the usual theories linking risk factors and violent extremism, they remain susceptible to risk factors. Levels of structural violence still exist in both states, together with intolerance and discrimination expressed along ethno religious lines.
More recently, the Nigerian government has demonstrated a renewed commitment to universal health coverage for its citizens. The Universal Health Coverage  ( UHC )  Declaration adopted at the 2014 Presidential Summit states that “ [ it ]  holds the key to unlocking the door for equitable, qualitative and universally accessible healthcare for all Nigerians without suffering financial hardship'
Another IED was found next to the corpse of a person killed by non state armed groups. The explosive was fortunately removed safely without any injuries. Another incident involved an improvised landmine which was planted in a trench and killed cattle upon detonation. In addition, a herdsman died, alongside some of his livestock, when he stumbled upon an explosive device while grazing.
The COVID 19 pandemic is likely to disproportionately disrupt women's economic activities. The COVID 19 pandemic may also affect reproductive health and domestic violence.
Among IDP HHs, the average reported monthly per capita expenditure on health was reported to be 290 naira. 6 For HC HHs, the average reported monthly expenditure on health was 488 naira
High frequency micro data collected during the first months of the COVID 19 crisis confirm that households, especially poor and vulnerable households, have already suffered severe income shocks and are adopting costly coping strategies.
Among IDP HHs, the average reported monthly per capita expenditure on health was reported to be 472 naira. 6 For HC HHs, the average reported monthly expenditure on health was 831 naira
At the heart of the renewed schisms or threats are socio economic development deficits and environmental degradation due to oil exploration. These were some of the causative factors to violent militancy before the granting of amnesty.
The Board of Directors of the African Development Bank on Friday approved a $288.5 million loan to help Nigeria tackle the COVID 19 pandemic and mitigate its impact on people and businesses.
Nigeria, Africa's most populous nation and the continent's largest oil producer, is facing twin crises – a health epidemic caused by COVID 19, and an economic crunch largely occasioned by a global oil price plunge. As of June 5, the country reported 11,516 coronavirus cases, 3,535 recoveries and 323 deaths
The wounded IDPs are being treated at a local hospital. At least 13 people were killed in a similar incident in early January when a child picked up an IED in Ngala LGA sparking a deadly explosion.
The COVID 19 pandemic and associated lockdown measures are disrupting input supply networks and causing short term labor shortages.
Protection monitoring activities carried out by partners highlighted the need for additional dissemination activities in order to reach marginalized communities, provide relevant information in different languages and formats, as well as counter rumors and misinformation. Protection monitoring indicates additional concerns as a result of COVID 19, which require attention and ongoing monitoring. These include, for example, increase in petty crimes within IDP camps as people are unable to access food and livelihood, as well as violence and hostile attitudes towards individuals who are, or perceived to be, infected by the virus.
Since the first case was recorded, 3,239 people have been discharged with 314 deaths.
The ISS study identified four factors that enabled resilience to Boko Haram in Bauchi and Gombe. First, a combination of geography and ethnicity help explain the limited spread of the crisis in the two states. They share borders with the three states worst hit by extremism – Adamawa, Borno and Yobe. However, Bauchi and Gombe aren't geographically close enough to experience the full spectrum of violence carried out by insurgents traversing Nigeria's borders with Cameroon, Chad and Niger.
COVID 19 is adversely affecting food markets as well as input supply chains. The COVID 19 pandemic is increasing the risk of food price inflation. The potential for food price inflation is a major risk to food security, especially for the 26 million undernourished Nigerians.
While the Protection Sector recognizes the importance and urgent need to decongest IDP camps in order to promote the welfare of IDPs and public health amid the COVID 19 crisis, new areas must be safe and have adequate services, in particular shelter, clean water, food and access to healthcare and livelihood. As much as possible, transfer to another location as part of the planned decongestions should be carried out based on IDPs' consent and preferences.
The pandemic and resulting economic contraction are expected to contribute to rising levels of unemployment and poverty, with negative implications for food security and nutrition.
Policy recommendations : An effective response to these challenges will require a sequenced approach, with initial interventions designed to mitigate the effects of the pandemic on food security followed by measures to accelerate recovery by supporting the development of agribusiness value chains.
Policy recommendations: Enhancing food security and protecting agricultural livelihoods. Accelerating the recovery and transformation of agriculture and agribusiness value chains
In the past few years lack of jobs and economic hardships have created tremendous pressures to emigrate from Nigeria. For the past five years,unemployment rates have been persistently high.
Agitating youths from the area engaged in violence to register their displeasure at the state of affairs in the region. The amnesty programme has not fully addressed these challenges, hence, the frequent protests and threats of violence. Therefore, the Nigerian government must engender development in the oil rich region. The infrastructural expectations in the 2009 Presidential amnesty programme must be achieved.
Of the seven assessed facilities, one hospital and one primary health facility qualified as functioning contraceptive service delivery points, defined as having provided contraceptive services in the last three months, skilled staff present, and the equipment and supplies to provide a minimum method mix  ( IUDs, implants, OCPs, injectables  ( including DMPA SC ) , condoms, and EC
Upon further assessment, these facilities also lacked the necessary equipment and supplies, and/ or the number of trained providers were either insufficient, or providers had lost their competence in the absence of opportunities to apply and practice their skills.
Policy recommendations: Designing diaspora investment and innovation strategies will also help attract investment.Better data will help assess and catalyze the development impact of emigration and remittances.Improving channels for safe, regular, and orderly emigration and designing better emigration systems is critical to leverage emigration for Nigeria's development.
Findings from KIIs, FGDs, and facility assessments showed that barriers to access contraceptive services while present for all women are particularly onerous for adolescent and unmarried girls and women
While parents believe they are fulfilling their obligation to provide religious and moral education to their children free of charge, almajiri children are often sent by their teachers  ( mallams )  to beg in the streets and form a significant portion of children without parental care at risk of abuse, exploitation and neglect.
Following the decision by the Northern Governors Forum to ban the almajiri system as part of the state governments' response to mitigating the risks to COVID 19 pandemic, 186 almajiri children  ( all boys )  were relocated to Borno and Yobe states during the reporting period.These relocation movements put the health and protection of children at risk given the ongoing pandemic and highlighted the need to address care and protection for children without parental care.
Men and women across groups reported that a lack of privacy at facilities was a barrier for girls, women, and men.
53% Of Cameroonian refugees in Nigeria live in host communities.
These findings suggest that communities need increased education to understand the complete method mix and that healthcare providers should ensure they provide information about all available methods, including the advantages and disadvantages of each method, so that individuals can make an informed decision about which method is best for them with support from a qualified health provider.
Transitioning to Remote Service Provision: The COVID 19 pandemic heightens the already existing vulnerabilities for gender based violence and affects the ability of survivors not only to report or seek help but also affects their access to quality response services.
While in some situations, there has been an increase in the incidents for which survivors are seeking help, in many situations, restrictions and lockdown measures have presented barriers to help seeking and service provision.
GBV Helpline Assessment was conducted and the report establishes that there are some existing initiatives that can support remote service provision; however, these need to be strengthened to provide ethical access to services without compromising the safety of survivors and service providers. The report also underscores the need to support the establishment of a state level infrastructure for GBV helpline that is sustainable and supports confidential and ethical incident data management at state level.
The Governor of Adamawa State imposed an immediate and indefinite 24 hour curfew on Lamurde LGA to forestall further clashes and reprisals