nlp-thedeep/humsetbias huggingface dataset:
A comprehensive shelter intervention in Atar, Dingtoma 1 & is the most urgent priority to address immediate needs and ensure the population's safety, privacy, and population. However, the intervention has to be a sectorial response because of the scale of the needs.  [ Melut IDP settlements, Upper Nile ] ,  [ 12 13 January 2021 ]
An improvement in security and freedom of movement has allowed some go and see visits. The environment in Baliet County is considered by IDPs as conducive and safe, with no Housing Land and Property and major security concerns identified. IDPs are fully aware of the current humanitarian and security situation and level of services in areas of intended return in Baliet through regular communication with their relatives and neighbors with whom they share the same ethnic background.  [ IRNA Report:  [ Melut IDP settlements, Upper Nile ] ,  [ 12 13 January 2021 ] |
Majority of the IDPs requested humanitarian partners and government to return to their areas of origin in Baliet, Atar and Khorfulus. Others returning from Sudan, Uganda, Kenya also intend to do so.  [ IRNA Report:  [ Melut IDP settlements, Upper Nile ] ,  [ 12 13 January 2021 ] |
5 10 girls are reported monthly pregnant, as a result of no schools' attendance and lack of food and basic needs and majority of this children are UASC including orphan and other vulnerable group of children. Cases of abortion have been happening reported by community leaders and majority of this are children. Some children are left at home by the parents and went to paloch to find some jobs and some children headed the household as a result become not attending school as resort to marriage at early age.  [ Melut IDP settlements, Upper Nile ] ,  [ 12 13 January 2021 ] |
An upsurge in violence severely impacted humanitarian operations in Jonglei. Assessments were hindered and aid workers were relocated.  [ FEBRUARY 2020 ]
World Vision currently do not have Community Nutrition Volunteers  ( CNVs )  in all the two IDP camps since 31st Dec 2020. The project under UNICEF ended last year December 2020 and the PDs for 2021 are still under amendment. This has affected nutrition programming in these camps by reducing on the admission rate for both the OTP  (  ( Outpatient Therapeutic Program )  and TSFP (  ( Targeted Supplementary Feeding Program )  programs.  [ Melut IDP settlements, Upper Nile ] ,  [ 12 13 January 2021 ]
The population of school going children is reported to be 6,265  ( 2752 girls )  but only 275 ( 112 girls )  learners are currently in school. This is due to the closure of schools in March 2020 as preventive measures for COVID 19. The schools reopened for candidate classes in October 2020. There is only one education partner  ( World Vision )  providing education services in the three IDP camps of Khor Adar, Dingtoma 1 and Dingtoma 2.  [ Melut IDP settlements, Upper Nile ] ,  [ 12 13 January 2021 ]
All the jerrycans observed during the visit were broken and dirty, without leads, which means that even if the water at the water point is clean, the risk of contamination at HHs level is very high.  [ IRNA Report:  [ Melut IDP settlements, Upper Nile ] ,  [ 12 13 January 2021 ] |
[ WASH ]  The SWAT operators volunteer 4 days a week but as they don't receive any incentive, they need to have another activity to support their family. As a result, some members of the community rely on water directly from the river.  [ IRNA Report:  [ Melut IDP settlements, Upper Nile ] ,  [ 12 13 January 2021 ] |
TOTAL USAID HUMANITARIAN FUNDING FOR THE SOUTH SUDAN RESPONSE IN FY 2021 : $386,715,176.
57.8 per cent of IDPs, or 816,641 individuals, and 62.7 per cent of returnees, or 864,030 individuals, live in settlements where no more than half of the children are attending primary education.
[ WASH ]  On 2 of the 3 SWATs visited, the level of aluminium sulfate and chlorine used was appropriate with regular DPD tests. The operators were trained by WVI officer directly. On the 3rd one, the operators was trained by a former World Vision operator, the level of aluminium sulfate used was high and always the same  ( no scale available ) , independently of the water turbidity and no tests were done. 2 of this 3 SWATs were running out of aluminium sulfate. The process for re approvisinning through World Vision was well known by staff on the ground, but regular shortage were reported.  [ IRNA Report:  [ Melut IDP settlements, Upper Nile ] ,  [ 12 13 January 2021 ] |
Increase awareness about child Protection and S/GBV issues. Strengthen family and parenting programs  [ IRNA Report:  [ Melut IDP settlements, Upper Nile ] ,  [ 12 13 January 2021 ] |
In Juba, prices of staple cereals have been increasing steadily in the first six months of 2019, ranging between 6 27 percent, 6 18 percent and 5 10 percent for maize, sorghum and wheat flour respectively. This increase was attributed to the continued depreciation of the South Sudanese Pound exacerbated by the seasonal early depletion of stocks from the record low 2018 harvests.
While local protection partners are conducting parental awareness raising sessions, run child friendly and women spaces, this response is not sufficient to cover arising needs.  [ IRNA Report:  [ Melut IDP settlements, Upper Nile ] ,  [ 12 13 January 2021 ] |
Of the settlements that have access to a primary education facility, 7.1 per cent of IDPs, or 99,749 individuals, and 8.8 per cent of returnees, or 121,835 individuals live in settlements that do not have teachers available at the education facility. Moreover, 30.5 per cent of IDPs, or 431,031 individuals, and 43.9 per cent of returnees, or 604,103 individuals live in settlements where children do not have learning supplies, such as exercise books, pens and pencils.
There is a small functional market in Dethoma 1, with insufficient food, providing mostly greens  ( tree leaves ) , onions and fish. Compared to last year, the prices doubled for sugar and tripled for sorghum. As a result, most community members are not able to buy basic goods and commodities.
Based on settlements assessed in both round 6 and round 8, the proportion of IDPs and returnees living in settlements that are farther than six kilometres away from the closest primary education facility increased by 1.3 percentage points, or 8,076 individuals, for IDPs and decreased by 3.4 percentage points, or 15,695 individuals, for returnees. At the state level, the number of IDPs living in such settlements increased most in Warrap  ( +23.4 p.p., or 19,698 individuals )  and Upper Nile  ( +10.3 p.p., or +17,124 individuals ) .1 The greatest change in the number of returnees living in such settlements was experienced in Western Bahr El Ghazal  ( +15.4 p.p., or +32,355 individuals ) .
The women in Khor Adar also noted that there have been no incidents following the lodging of cases against the suspects. Community leaders have advised their members about the need to report all incidents to the local leaders and authorities in IDP and host communities. Most of the SGBV cases are not reported due to the fear of stigma or reprisal.  [ IRNA Report:  [ Melut IDP settlements, Upper Nile ] ,  [ 12 13 January 2021 ] |
While there is no official data about the numbers of sexual and gender based violence cases, young females interviewed in Dingthoma 1,2 reported incidents that happen during evening hours along the Dingthoma 1 and Melut Town road. In Khor Adar, the women attributed such incidents to drunkenness. Some of the cases were reported to and handled by both IDP and host community police structures  [ IRNA Report:  [ Melut IDP settlements, Upper Nile ] ,  [ 12 13 January 2021 ] |
Security situation is reported as calm by FGDs participants with no major incidents in the area reported during last year.  [ IRNA Report:  [ Melut IDP settlements, Upper Nile ] ,  [ 12 13 January 2021 ] |
Additionally, women to sustain their families are traveling long distances looking for food  ( greens, berries )  in the areas outside Melut. Elder children, usually girls of age 10 16, are asked to take care of their siblings when mothers are not at home. This leads to school dropouts among children.  [ IRNA Report:  [ Melut IDP settlements, Upper Nile ] ,  [ 12 13 January 2021 ] |
With reduction in food distribution and other services, number of theft and petty crimes cases have increased by 10 %  ( as per community leader estimates )  in second half of 2020 compared to first half of the year. Most people at risk are elderlies and persons with disabilities.  [ IRNA Report:  [ Melut IDP settlements, Upper Nile ] ,  [ 12 13 January 2021 ] |
MIYCN  ( Maternal, Infant and Young Child Nutrition )  counseling including health and nutrition education are not available at the community level as there are no CNVs to conduct these activities. [ Melut IDP settlements, Upper Nile ] ,  [ 12 13 January 2021 ]
There is need for a security guard and a cleaner at the nutrition sites.  [ Melut IDP settlements, Upper Nile ] ,  [ 12 13 January 2021 ]
WVI to involve the camp managers in the recruitment process of the CNVs  [ Melut IDP settlements, Upper Nile ] ,  [ 12 13 January 2021 ]
UNICEF and WVI to speed up the PD amendment process to ensure that the CNVs are reinstated as soon as possible to ensure that adequate coverage in terms of screening, referral, and health/nutrition education.  [ Melut IDP settlements, Upper Nile ] ,  [ 12 13 January 2021 ]
There are no guards and cleaners at the nutrition sites.  [ Melut IDP settlements, Upper Nile ] ,  [ 12 13 January 2021 ]
Shortage of clean water for drinking at the nutrition sites.  [ Melut IDP settlements, Upper Nile ] ,  [ 12 13 January 2021 ]
Lack of supplies for the TSFP Programme. There are currently no supplies for Pregnant and Lactating Women  ( PLW )  in all the nutrition sites in the two IDP camps. These supplies are supposed to be provided by WFP.  [ Melut IDP settlements, Upper Nile ] ,  [ 12 13 January 2021 ]
Half of the population displaced by floods from Dintoma 2 are currently sharing shelters with residents from Dingtoma 1. On average, 9 10 individuals reside in one shelter, with 1,5 square meters available per person.  [ Melut IDP settlements, Upper Nile ] ,  [ 12 13 January 2021 ]
Currently there are 17 SAM cases without medical complications and 119 MAM cases and 144 Pregnant and Lactating Women admitted in Dethoma PHCU  ( however, there's currently stock out of CSB++ for the PLW and only 5 cartons of RUSF  (  Ready to Use Supplementary Food )  available for the MAM cases ) .  [ Melut IDP settlements, Upper Nile ] ,  [ 12 13 January 2021 ]
The displaced population highlighted that there is no general distribution of S/NFIs that took place in Khor Adar and Dingtoma1 2 since 2014.  [ Melut IDP settlements, Upper Nile ] ,  [ 12 13 January 2021 ]
The immediate risks to the displaced include inadequate shelter and lack of basic NFIs, which exposes them to health risks and undermines their well being and access to life with dignity. They expressed food, shelter, and mosquito nets as their priority items.  [ Melut IDP settlements, Upper Nile ] ,  [ 12 13 January 2021 ]
This requires a clear shelter strategy led by the Shelter NFI CCCM sector as part of an overall coordinated response, assistance should be based on needs and targeted. A comprehensive shelter and NFI assessment is required.  [ Melut IDP settlements, Upper Nile ] ,  [ 12 13 January 2021 ]
Kitchen sets: IDPs in FGDs highlighted the most pressing needs for the affected population to support their current situation. Families also highlighted their inability to cook at the ideal time  ( a proper daily meal )  due to access constraints and the inability to purchase cooking items.  [ Melut IDP settlements, Upper Nile ] ,  [ 12 13 January 2021 ]
Additionally, increased presence of snakes is observed in the areas of displacement with local communities raised concerns about their health. Local hospitals do not have prepositioned anti venom supplies available.  [ Melut IDP settlements, Upper Nile ] ,  [ 12 13 January 2021 ]
Planning for a new assessment to reclassify the area to IPC 4 or 5
IDP communities face restrictions from the side of host communities to undertake livelihoods activities  ( farming, fishing ) . In KhorAdar, IDPs have to pay tax to host communities  ( 10% )  from each and every sold fish. Local communities highly rely on humanitarian assistance.  [ IRNA Report:  [ Melut IDP settlements, Upper Nile ] ,  [ 12 13 January 2021 ] |
Providing assistance for a reconciliation meeting with the host community to ease the access to the river and to the bush
Other livelihoods activities such as collecting firehood or selling charcoal are difficult as the access to the bush is restrained by the host communities and as the women, mostly in charge of this activity, face GBV concerns when going far away from the camp. This situation worsen by the floods as there is now a limited access to the bush and no dry wood available.
Due to ongoing tensions with the host communities, the IDPs have a restricted access to fishing  ( the host communities are asking 10% of their catch ) , no access to land and no cattle  ( last distribution of livestock was organized by World Vision in 2017 ) . There is also a lack of knowledge and material to practice fishing activities. Livestock died because of floods
Decomissioning of old latrines which are at risk of being flooded  [ IRNA Report:  [ Melut IDP settlements, Upper Nile ] ,  [ 12 13 January 2021 ] |
Lack of food and livelihoods opportunities results in negative coping mechanisms undertaken by community members with cases of child labour, increase in suicide cases, school dropouts and S/GBV recorded.  [ Melut IDP settlements, Upper Nile ] ,  [ 12 13 January 2021 ]
The lack of food is the 1st need in the 3 camps as mentioned in each FGD  ( Focus Group Discussion ) . The only available food is greens picked up in the bush and wild fruits. The main coping mechanisms are to ask other community members to provide food  ( some HHs manage to share a bag of sorghum time to time ) , reduce the number of meal to one per day, with less preferred food.  [ Melut IDP settlements, Upper Nile ] ,  [ 12 13 January 2021 ]
Liaise with WASH cluster to address issue of latrines and lack of hand washing facilities  [ Melut IDP settlements, Upper Nile ] ,  [ 12 13 January 2021 ]
Expand distribution of dignity kits to adolescent girls  [ Melut IDP settlements, Upper Nile ] ,  [ 12 13 January 2021 ]
Some children in the lower classes were reported to be engaged in economic activities like fishing, working in the market as schools remained closed due to COVID 19. This has created protection concerns among the teachers.  [ Melut IDP settlements, Upper Nile ] ,  [ 12 13 January 2021 ]
Lack of dignity kits for adolescent girls. This resulted in some school dropouts.  [ Melut IDP settlements, Upper Nile ] ,  [ 12 13 January 2021 ]
IDPs informed that sometimes they might be arrested by local law enforcement agencies if they go for livelihoods activities outside the camp, with requests to pay to be released. Livestock are reportedly detained by the host community on claims that IDPs' animals allegedly destroy host communities' farms and crops  [ IRNA Report:  [ Melut IDP settlements, Upper Nile ] ,  [ 12 13 January 2021 ] |
Inadequate hand washing materials like soap and buckets with taps and facemask for prevention of Covid 19. No hand facilities like taps, and soap were seen at each door of the classroom and latrines.  [ Melut IDP settlements, Upper Nile ] ,  [ 12 13 January 2021 ]
Communities are constructing dyke in response to floods.  [ Melut IDP settlements, Upper Nile ] ,  [ 12 13 January 2021 ]
Advocate for increased presence of service provision in Melut to address the core sectoral gaps  ( shelter, food, health and water )   [ Melut IDP settlements, Upper Nile ] ,  [ 12 13 January 2021 ]
The majority of the population in Dingthoma 1, Dingthoma 2, Khor Adar and Malek hail from different payams of Baliet County, as well as Khorfulus and Atar. Many fled the area following the onset of the crisis in 2013, and have resided in Melut area since 2015  [ IRNA Report:  [ Melut IDP settlements, Upper Nile ] ,  [ 12 13 January 2021 ] |
During FGDs, community members informed the team that a number of individuals are returning from mainly Uganda and Sudan to Melut sites. A primary pull factor is the signing of peace agreement and awaited formation of the new Transitional Government of National Unity by the government and opposition, consistent with the results of a recent survey indicating perceived improvement in security situation in South Sudan as a pull factor. As a result, many individuals returning to Melut are re uniting with their families within the different sites, and intend to return to their areas of origin to engage in livelihoods.  [ IRNA Report:  [ Melut IDP settlements, Upper Nile ] ,  [ 12 13 January 2021 ] |
At the county level, while Rumbek Centre, Lakes  ( 100% of IDPs, or 4,920 individuals ) , and Terekeka, Central Equatoria  ( 93.2% of IDPs, or 20,287 individuals ) , fare worst in relative terms among IDP settlements with the closest primary education facility farther than six kilometres away, Tonj North  ( 41.6% of IDPs, or 27,446 individuals )  and Gogrial West  ( 69.3% of IDPs, or 27,219 individuals ) , both Warrap, fare worst in absolute terms. Settlements in Wau, Western Bahr El Ghazal  ( 33.8% of returnees, or 50,138 individuals ) , and Terekeka, Central Equatoria  ( 85.4% of returnees, or 19,089 individuals ) , host the highest number of returnees who live in such settlements.
Soldiers allegedly committed civilian executions, rape and carried out systematic looting. In Yirol West and Rumbek East counties in Lakes, communal clashes displaced about 2,200 people. In Western Equatoria's Maridi County, clashes between Sudan People's Liberation Army in Opposition and National Salvation Front forces displaced almost 3,000 people within the county and across the border into the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
More than one million people have been affected by flooding since June across South Sudan. Around 450,000 people have been displaced, with women and children most affected. Some 380 schools have been affected by the floods and a third of them are now occupied by Internally Displaced Persons  ( IDPs ) . WFP is targeting flood affected people in need of food assistance. WFP reached 550,000 people with assistance in November.
GBV Sub Cluster partners have distributed 782 Dignity Kits in Tonj South, out of a total of 991 Dignity Kits have been allocated for Tonj South.  ( Situation Report No. 3, as of 26 February 2021 )
IDPs living in camps hosting over 1,000 individuals fare better in terms of distance to the nearest education facility and children attending primary education. Among returnees, the larger the host community settlement, the closer these settlements tend to be to education facilities and the higher the share of children attending primary education. Rural IDP and returnee settlements, as defined by the GHSL urban classification, fare significantly worse in these two categories than urban and peri urban settlements.
Although temporary disruptions to household movement and humanitarian access remain of very high concern, patterns of conflict in 2020 have not isolated large scale populations from accessing natural food sources, markets, or food assistance for an extended time. Based on past and current trends, the level of risk is assessed to be relatively lower compared to 2014 2019.
Air operations in the first three months of 2020 increased to eight per cent of the response, from three per cent for the same period in 2019, mainly due to road inaccessibility in January in the aftermath of the devastating floods. Aid for flood response activities was transported by air, particularly to the worst affected areas including Jonglei. At the same time, river corridors saw a stark usage increase in 2020, to 20 per cent  ( over 28,000 metric tons )  in the first quarter of 2020, compared to 6 per cent  ( over 8,000 metric tons )  in the same period of 2019. Overall, between January and March, the Logistics Cluster facilitated the transport of more than 2,200 metric tons of humanitarian cargo by air, road and river. Thirteen inter agency convoys were coordinated.
Famine  ( IPC Phase 5 )  remains possible in South Sudan in a worst case scenario in which at least 20 percent of the population in a given area is isolated and prevented from accessing food sources and food assistance, for a prolonged time, resulting in an extreme lack of food accompanied by extreme acute malnutrition and excess mortality due to hunger
Crisis!  ( IPC Phase 3! )  is expected in an additional nine counties, where planned and funded food assistance is anticipated to mitigate worse outcomes; however, outcomes could quickly deteriorate if delivery of planned assistance is disrupted. Across these 25 counties, households are directly affected by high levels of inter communal conflict, localized political conflict, and significant conflict or flood induced crop and livestock losses. In many of these areas, market access is notably lower compared to the rest of the country. Areas of highest concern include Pibor, Twic East, Duk, Ayod, and Akobo of Jonglei; Tonj East and Tonj South of Warrap; Maiwut, Nasir, Longochuk, and Ulang of Upper Nile; and Awerial of Lakes.
Among the four States of GBEG, three States, namely, Lakes  ( 55.6% ) , Warrap  ( 55.3% )  and Northern Bahr el Ghazal  ( 52.7% )  were the most affected with more than 50% of their population in Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  or worse acute food insecurity.
Furthermore, given the contracting economy, high and rising staple food prices compared to previous years, and few income sources, the vast majority of households will struggle to earn enough income to purchase their minimum food needs. Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  or worse outcomes are most likely to remain widespread. In areas where the level of conflict or flooding is severe enough to cut off or displace at risk households such that they are temporarily unable to access key food and income sources or food assistance, Catastrophe  ( IPC Phase 5 )  is likely. At risk households are most likely to include residential or displaced households who do not own livestock, have limited or no access to arable land, and have high dependence on food assistance
Restore access to clean water through EPR  ( Emergency and Preparedness Response )  intervention while planning fund raising for static partner. The top priority should go to SWATs rehabilitation.  [ IRNA Report:  [ Melut IDP settlements, Upper Nile ] ,  [ 12 13 January 2021 ] |
There is high need for CP  (  Child Protection  )  advocacy and mass awareness raising to parents, caregivers and children on the rights and responsibilities of children and caregivers  [ IRNA Report:  [ Melut IDP settlements, Upper Nile ] ,  [ 12 13 January 2021 ] |
Expedite distribution of dignity kits to women and girls of reproductive age  [ IRNA Report:  [ Melut IDP settlements, Upper Nile ] ,  [ 12 13 January 2021 ] |
Provision of emergency food supplies for the population will temporarily reduce the risk for women and girls of sexual and physical abuse while in search for food and basic needs in  ( North )  Sudan;  [ IRNA Report:  [ Melut IDP settlements, Upper Nile ] ,  [ 12 13 January 2021 ] |
There is need for a security guard and a cleaner at all the nutrition sites  [ IRNA Report:  [ Melut IDP settlements, Upper Nile ] ,  [ 12 13 January 2021 ] |
In the lean season of April to July 2021, the food security situation is expected to seasonally deteriorate, with an estimated 677,000 people  ( 57.4% of the population )  likely to be in Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  or worse acute food insecurity, of which 485,000 people will likely be in Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  acute food insecurity, and 192,000 people will likely be in Emergency  ( IPC Phase 4 )  acute food insecurity.
( World Vision International )  WVI to involve the camp managers in the recruitment process of the CNVs  [ IRNA Report:  [ Melut IDP settlements, Upper Nile ] ,  [ 12 13 January 2021 ] |
UNICEF and WVI  (  World Vision International  )  to speed up the PD amendment process to ensure that the CNVs are reinstated as soon as possible to ensure that adequate coverage in terms of screening, referral, and health/nutrition education  [ IRNA Report:  [ Melut IDP settlements, Upper Nile ] ,  [ 12 13 January 2021 ] |
IOM launched the “Closing Gender Gap in the Humanitarian WASH Sector in South Sudan' publication. This included coordination with the WASH Cluster and airing on Radio Miraya on 16 September, tweets and feature story on women leadership in WASH. IOM conducted three day trainings on women's leadership and confidence building in Juba, Magwi and Wau. The six trainings enhanced the capacity of 78 women community leaders to improve water, improve public health and/or economic empowerment.
The International Organization for Migration's  ( IOM )  Protection team conducted protection needs assessments in Central Equatoria, Jonglei and Northern Bahr el Ghazal states. The assessments were triggered by the prevalence of a variety of protection related violations such as armed clashes, intercommunal/sub national clashes or displacements due to flooding. The assessments established key findings and service gaps which included: lack of health services, lack of shelter and non food items  ( S NFI ) , lack of sanitary materials, water, sanitation and hygiene  ( WASH )  materials, insecurity with reported cases of conflict related sexual violence, killings, child abduction, and child recruitment by armed forces.
COVID 19 related disruptions, including those rightfully implemented to curb coronavirus infection rates, as well as changes in SAM  ( Severe Acute Malnutrition )  and MAM  ( Moderate Acute Malnutrition )  admission criteria for children have exacerbated access to services alongside other factors such as heightened inter communal conflict and insecurity, worsening economic crises, flooding, among others.
Distribution of WASH NFI, hygiene and MHM kits distribution.  [ IRNA Report:  [ Melut IDP settlements, Upper Nile ] ,  [ 12 13 January 2021 ] |
Based on the IPC AMN  ( Acute Malnutrition ) , all the 79 counties were included in the analysis of which 53 counties are in phase IPC AMN Phase 3  ( Serious )  and above. Out of these, 29 counties are in IPC AMN Phase 4  ( Critical )  while 24 counties in IPC AMN Phase 3  ( Serious ) . About 80% of the counties in IPC AMN Phase 4  ( Critical )  are in the Greater Upper Nile followed by 17% in Greater Bahr el Ghazal. 25 counties mainly in Greater Equatoria are in IPC AMN Phase 2  ( Alert )  and below.
According to the findings of an assessment on people's priority needs conducted in 2020, health was among the second most identified need for women after food assistance. For children, health was the second most identified need, after education. For men, health was the third most identified need.
Many factors, including localized conflict, displacement, suspension of facilities, flooding and adaptation changes due to COVID 19, were associated with the reduction in SAM admissions in 2020. The performance indicators of SAM treatment were above the acceptable minimum Sphere standards, with a cure rate of 94.8 per cent, death rate of 0.3 and a defaulter rate of 3.6 per cent. During the same period, infant and young child feeding counselling services reached a total of 1,343,055 pregnant women and caregivers of children 0 23 months  ( 122 per cent of the target ) .
The interaction of conflict and flooding presented multiple humanitarian challenges for populations across the state. These two shocks disrupted cultivation, exacerbated food insecurity, while at the same time presenting protection concerns for various groups across the state.
The external communication section continued to raise awareness on the needs of the flood affected populations and supported a media trip for national journalists in Bor county. The media trip generated good coverage nationally and internationally on BBC. The External Communication section organized information sessions on children's rights to speak up as part of organizing a network of child reporters in South Sudan. A total of 10 of the 30 children attending the sessions were engaged for World Children's Day. A follow up live Question and Answer  ( Q&A )  session with UNICEF USA was conducted on Instagram after the successful virtual field visit in September. October also saw the celebration of world teacher day by UNICEF.
As a result of the violence, humanitarian staff had to relocate. Organizations' ability to respond to people's needs was greatly reduced, especially in GPAA, with only small scale teams left in Pibor.
A large communication drive advocating for ending child marriages was carried out during the week of the International Day of the Girl Child. Key interventions included the setting up of billboards all over the capital  ( Juba )  and public service announcements  ( PSAs )  which were aired on the largest networks. In addition a press release was issued, and a joint OpEd between the UNICEF South Sudan Representative and a girl was crafted and published. A strong social media package was rolled out and the web had a special child marriage feature with a blog series. UNICEF also focused on communication activities related to the reopening of schools after the closure due to COVID 19, and the distribution of solar powered radios for the radio distance learning programme which will continue until all schools have re opened
A total of 23 rumors were collected through daily reporting and all the rumors were tracked and responded to within 72 hours. The C4D section supported awareness creation and social mobilization activities for Back  to Learning initiatives for candidate classes through production of 2 radio jingles which were translated into 10 languages, radio talk shows, meetings with community influencers, street announcements through community mobilisers and mobile microphones. As a part of supporting the distance learning programme, 480 radios were distributed in the PoCs in Bentiu, Rubkona, Guit and Abiemnom counties.
Floods affected IDPs stay in extremely poor condition shelters with no doors and use smoke to keep mosquitos away from the house during the night because of lack of mosquito nets, blankets and plastic sheets. As a result, number of malaria and acute diarhoea cases increased significantly.  [ Melut IDP settlements, Upper Nile ] ,  [ 12 13 January 2021 ]
There is no dedicated CCCM partner in the IDP camps, thus communities organized local structures for coordination purposes. There is functioning community leadership structure, however women remain unrepresented.  [ IRNA Report:  [ Melut IDP settlements, Upper Nile ] ,  [ 12 13 January 2021 ] |
The health needs of refugees are dependent on humanitarian agencies and require continuous support and they are still below minimum standards due to the low ratio of health workers to people and the number of health facilities per person
Taking into account dire humanitarian situation and increased protection concerns in Melut IDP camps, clusters are recommended to preposition supplies to address acute needs in Melut. Emergency response inter cluster mission is recommended to be organized to address acute needs, including IDPs affected by floods  ( 2,000 inds/250 HHs+ ) , with priority to food.  [ IRNA Report:  [ Melut IDP settlements, Upper Nile ] ,  [ 12 13 January 2021 ] |
In areas where the level of conflict or flooding is severe enough to cut off or displace some households such that they are unable to access typical food sources or food assistance, Catastrophe  ( IPC Phase 5 )  is likely, including in the post harvest period. At risk households are most likely to include those who do not own livestock, have limited to no access to arable land for crop cultivation, and have difficult access to functioning markets. While not the most likely scenario, Famine  ( IPC Phase 5 )  remains possible in a worst case scenario in which at least 20 percent of the population in a given area is isolated from accessing food sources or food assistance for a prolonged time.
Additionally, through the USAID/BHA supported International Organization for Migration  ( IOM )  Rapid Response Fund a flexible funding mechanism that enables rapid responses to humanitarian crises through grants to international and national nongovernmental organizations  ( NGOs )  humanitarian partners are providing water, sanitation, and hygiene  ( WASH )  assistance, including hygiene promotion sessions and WASH commodities, to flood affected households across Jonglei.
In August and September, Emergency  ( IPC Phase 4 )  is likely in 25 conflict  and flood affected counties where it is likely that high proportions of the population either have large food consumption gaps or are engaging in severe coping strategies in an attempt to mitigate food consumption gaps.
2.Fashoda, Mayom: 11,000 estimated floodaffected people; Lul  ( 2,880 ) , Dethwok  ( 2,022 ) , Aburoc  ( 270 ) , Kodok  ( 3, 000 ) , Athidhwoy  ( 1,872 ) , Kwoch  ( 660 ) : Malakal ICCG to respond. Need for Juba Health support  ( Health fp and response ) .
1.Mayom, Unity: IRNA  ( 10 – 12 Feb )  37,000 estimated flood affected people: 13,000 Mankien South  ( 13,000 ) , Ruathnyibo  ( 7,500 )  and Riak  ( 17,200 people ) . immediate needs food, emergency shelter and NFIs, and medicine for people and livestock.
4. Keth, Pading, Nyirol: 1,600 flood affected people from Nyirol. Need for multi cluster response scale up. Request for United Nations Humanitarian Air Service  ( UNHAS )  support for transport Lankien DFC team
All partners should support CHDs & State Ministries of Health to undertake Integrated Disease surveillance and response  ( IDSR )  and Early warning and response network  ( EWARN )  reporting
With eight outbreaks confirmed in 2020; measles remains the most frequent vaccine preventable disease
The overall Integrated Disease surveillance and response  ( IDSR )  and Early warning and response network  ( EWARN )  reporting performance in week 8, 2021 is above the target of 80%.  ( 4 )  states were above 80%
Widespread flooding continued in October, affecting over half of the country and disrupting the lives and livelihoods of hundreds of thousands of people. An estimated 856,000 people were affected by flooding since July with some 400,000 people displaced. The month saw fighting between armed forces in Kejo keji County and intercommunal violence in Juba County, both in Central Equatoria, and armed clashes in Torit County, Eastern Equatoria. The violence resulted in civilian casualties and displacements in both states with reports of human rights abuses and violations. In Tonj East County, Warrap, intercommunal fighting displaced about 18,000 people and caused civilian casualties.
(  February 22 February 28 ) 1,083 vaccinated to date using experimental vaccine rVSV ZEBOV GP  ( for Ebola Virus )
Oral cholera campaign was conducted in Bor where over 63,000  ( 88% coverage )  people  ( one year and above )  were vaccinated during the first round of the campaign that ended on 20 December 2020. The second round of the campaign ended on 14th January 2021 with over 71,852  ( 89% )  people  ( one year and above )  were covered.
Many of these locations  ( nine counties of Jonglei State  ( Bor South, Twic East, Duk, Ayod, Fangak, Nyirol, Uror, Akobo and Pochalla )  and in the main locations of GPAA  ( Pibor, Likunagole, Gumuruk, Verthet, Dorein and Labrab ) . ) have seen the presence of static partners reduced due to COVID 19 and budget cuts compared to 2019
The COVID 19 emergency response depleted the ES/NFI and WASH core pipeline stock, which requires urgent replenishment.
With current COVID  19 Pandemic Outbreak, WASH partners should increase the coverage of hand washing facilities within the PoCs community. Other Wash intervention like increasing the access for clean water and improving the water storage in the affected individuals should be made urgently by distributing the water storage containers that will be the only way to mitigate this problem and stop the Hepatitis E Virus outbreak.
INFORM Index 2021 for South Sudan: Value= 8/10, Risk class= Very high, Hazard & Exposure= 6.4/10, Vulnerability= 8.5/10  ( Source: INFORM 2021 )
Clashes between an organized armed group and cattle keepers in Lainya County, Central Equatoria, displaced more than 9,400 people. In Western Equatoria, violence displaced some 9,000 people in Mundri East County, while an estimated one thousand fled their homes in Yambio County following tensions between an armed pastoralists group and the local community.
The first positive case of COVID 19 identified in South Sudan on 5 April 2020 was a member of the international community, prompting an increase in anti foreigner sentiments, stigma, harassment by locals and restriction of movement. Reports were shared of staff being harassed and attacked while delivering COVID 19 response services.
There is an upsurge of Hepatitis E Virus cases since the beginning of 2021. There fore calls for review to establish and address the WASH gaps.
The persistent transmission of Hepatitis E Virus in Bentiu PoC continues with 459 cases since beginning of 2019. There were  ( 6 )  new cases reported in week 7, 2021.
1.Tonga, Nyiluak, Panyikang and Pakwa / Paqar: Malakal ICCG Assessment; 24,000 estimated floodaffected people. Need for Juba Health support  ( Health fp and response ) .
Creation of a longer term HP team to spread the key messages as hand washing, safe storage/transportation of water and personal hygiene.  [ IRNA Report:  [ Melut IDP settlements, Upper Nile ] ,  [ 12 13 January 2021 ] |
Distribution of cleaning material.  [ IRNA Report:  [ Melut IDP settlements, Upper Nile ] ,  [ 12 13 January 2021 ] |
Creation of communal latrines with hygiene committees.  [ IRNA Report:  [ Melut IDP settlements, Upper Nile ] ,  [ 12 13 January 2021 ] |
Discussion with the HC to rehabilitate the water tank supply by Melut town.  [ IRNA Report:  [ Melut IDP settlements, Upper Nile ] ,  [ 12 13 January 2021 ] |
Organization of soap distribution.  [ IRNA Report:  [ Melut IDP settlements, Upper Nile ] ,  [ 12 13 January 2021 ] |
Emergency hygiene promotion focusing on mitigation measures such as handwashing with ash, CAT method of defecation, and household water treatment.  [ IRNA Report:  [ Melut IDP settlements, Upper Nile ] ,  [ 12 13 January 2021 ] |
Providing cluster support for the delivery on aluminium sulfate and chlorine in the 3 camps.  [ IRNA Report:  [ Melut IDP settlements, Upper Nile ] ,  [ 12 13 January 2021 ] |
Sanitation : The latrines in school are almost full, with no locker to close the door.  [ IRNA Report:  [ Melut IDP settlements, Upper Nile ] ,  [ 12 13 January 2021 ] |
Due to the climatic shocks floods and drought since 2015, seriously impacting livelihoods, population of 7,000 left. Alali is completely cut off from Akobo County HQ due to physical constraints  ( river crossing/poor roads ) , and unresolved conflicts. Dire humanitarian situation of HHs that remained in Alali, lacking basic services such as food, health , education, and access to market, only 1 functional borehole.
There is no waste management system, and there is an important accumulation of waste in the camp, some places being taking by water, and degrading the poor level of water quality.  [ IRNA Report:  [ Melut IDP settlements, Upper Nile ] ,  [ 12 13 January 2021 ] |
The SSHF continued to promote localization by channeling $20.6 million or 33 per cent of the allocated funds to national non governmental organizations  ( NNGOs ) . Nineteen NNGOs were contracted as sub implementing partners  ( sub IPs )  with $5.3 million channeled through these NNGO sub IPs. Combined with direct funding, $20.6 million was allocated to NNGOs in 2020.  ( South Sudan Humanitarian Fund 2020 )
There is no communal latrines available, leading to open defecation within the camp, people, and especially women, feeling unsafe of going to the bush. During the visit, we witness a lot of fences around the houses and next to the river/flooded area. The floods are actually covering some of these areas, which are also the place where people fetch water for comsuption.  [ IRNA Report:  [ Melut IDP settlements, Upper Nile ] ,  [ 12 13 January 2021 ] |
There is a water tank installed by Oxfam and which was supply from Melut town. It is not in use anymore since Oxfam pulled out, 5 months ago.  [ IRNA Report:  [ Melut IDP settlements, Upper Nile ] ,  [ 12 13 January 2021 ] |
There is no clean water in school, nutrition center or health facility.  [ IRNA Report:  [ Melut IDP settlements, Upper Nile ] ,  [ 12 13 January 2021 ] |
During our visit, we witnessed people fetching water from the flooded areas which where covering areas of open defecation. There is also a concern of polluted water as the floods covered areas with oil exploitation with reported leakages. We saw dead animals along the road to reach the camp, which could validate this concern.  [ IRNA Report:  [ Melut IDP settlements, Upper Nile ] ,  [ 12 13 January 2021 ] |
The fact that the SWATs are not functioning every day, with a limiting quantity of water  ( 2 jerrycans per HH per day ) , drive people to drink water directly from the river. One of the World Vision WASH operators estimated a maximum of 3 liters per day per people available, far away from the 15 liters of the Sphere standard in emergency situation.  [ IRNA Report:  [ Melut IDP settlements, Upper Nile ] ,  [ 12 13 January 2021 ] |
Moderate and minor incidents accounted for 37 and 19 per cent of all incidents respectively. These reported incidents largely involved unnecessary administrative procedures, illegal taxation and fees, interference with operations, threats and intimidation of staff, theft and compound intrusions
To date, a total of 11 integrated rapid response missions were conducted in Pading  ( 2 missions ) , Palouny, Pagak, Jekow, Maruwa, Pakwa, Nyilwal, Tonga, Atar 3 and Pigi, reaching 94,132 individuals, including 11,405 children under the age of five. Cumulatively over 31,097 children were vaccinated against measles, and over 33,896 children were vaccinated against polio. Nearly 11,405 children were screened for malnutrition, out of which 377 children were suffering from severe acute malnutrition  ( SAM ) . The children were treated at in patient and out patient therapeutic centers. In addition, over 28,053 people received hygiene promotion messages which included the prevention and management of COVID 19
Under the Communities Care Programme  ( CCP ) , 84 people  ( 8 girls, 10 boys, 37 women, 29 men )  were engaged in social norms transformation discussions and action courses to support positive changes in beliefs and perceptions about GBV within their communities. During the reporting period Child Protection Area of Responsibility  ( AoR )  partners reached over 90,000 people with child protections services. This includes 10,135 children who received psycho  social support services, 2,212 children who were supported through case management and family tracing and reunification and 64,480 people who were reached with lifesaving messages including risk education. A total of 11 state level referral pathways were updated to support timely and safe access to child protection services. Despite these achievements, the Child Protection Area of Responsibility is critically underfunded and thus in urgent need of additional funding for children to receive life saving services.
Similar to 2019, violence against humanitarian personnel was the most prevalent access issue in 2020.
Malnutrition is driven by poor access to public health, poor access to and availability of food due to dysfunctional markets and reduced farm production, and poor caregiving practices on food utilization.
Dry land around some health facilities in particular in Jonglei and Upper Nile was used by flood affected population for shelter creating high congestion and easy environment for spread of diseases but difficult for health service deliveries.
In December 2020, some 316,599 people were reached with emergency food assistance against a target of 536,555 people by Food Security and Livelihood Cluster.
Seasonal outbreaks of communicable diseases including cholera and measles, with malaria continuing to be endemic, are posing a challenge to a health system which is already fragile.
The coverage in 2017 and 2018 for all vaccine preventable diseases remained under 50 per cent, and as a consequence 42 per cent of children under 1 year are at risk of measles
The economic crisis has continued to affect market dependant households, including farming households that are not able to meet all their food needs from their own production. The effect is most severe where the convergence of these multiple shocks has resulted in high levels of chronic poverty, vulnerability, acute malnutrition and food insecurity, with communities resorting to the use of negative coping strategies such as going without food or selling their last female animal.
In September, it was expected that some 47,000 people were in Catastrophe  ( IPC Phase 5 )  in Leer and Mayendit in former Unity state, Yirol East and Yirol West in former Lakes state, Canal/Pigi in former Jonglei state, Panyikang in former Upper Nile state, and Greater Baggari in Wau in former Western Bahr El Ghazal state
Some 360,000 people in need of ES/NFI response. A total $2.5 million is required for 135,000 flood affected people.  ( ES NFI Cluster )
The number of people in need has increased by 9 per cent since 2018, which was the worst year in food security on record.
Deterioration in food security was also reported as one of the main reasons for children dropping out of, or missing, school as families preferred to keep them at home to seek livelihoods. For those children that remained in school, the effects of chronic hunger affected their learning. The prolonged economic crisis has also affected teachers directly through delays in, or lack of, payment of incentives. As a result, teachers reported that they were demotivated and looking for other jobs to support their families. In the areas where education continued, the quality of teaching deteriorated due to missed opportunities to train teachers, and because incentive payments to teachers were delayed, or devalued due to currency fluctuations. A combination of all these factors has affected an already fragile education system.
A recent needs assessment found that on average, schools lost three to four weeks of education in the latest academic year, and over 50 per cent of the assessed schools reported that this interruption was due to insecurity. Some 21 per cent of assessed schools were non functional, with insecurity being the major cause of school closure. Of the assessed schools, 15 per cent reported having experienced an attack on the school, teachers or pupils, and theft or looting by armed forces and groups
The number of boys and girls in need represents an 11 per cent increase from 2018. Plausible reasons include the deterioration of systems and services whereby the resilience of households to cope with the economic downturn is seriously tested, and collapses, in the absence of support, especially in opposition controlled areas. As portrayed by the adjacent severity map, needs are particularly dire in Central Equatoria, Lakes and Unity. Changes in education needs have been observed in Central Equatoria, Upper Nile and Western Bahr el Ghazal. This is because because of a lack of teaching and learning supplies, inconsistencies in provision of teacher incentives, non availability of school feeding programmes, poor infrastructure and insecurity in the region. Girls are more likely than boys to be excluded from education.
In the Greater Equatorias, a region with some 2.9 million people, humanitarian needs across sectors are likely to remain high among the displaced populations who are either displaced from the usual areas of residence or where facilities have been destroyed and professionals have fled and services are weak or absent.
The destruction and looting of infrastructure has left many nutrition, health and education centers unusable and abandoned, leaving people far from reaching critical services, having retreated for safety to swampy areas in small groups that are hard to reach.