nlp-thedeep/humsetbias huggingface dataset:
In Sanaag region, an estimated 950 heads of livestock were killed, seven houses destroyed and 11 other houses damaged, according to authorities. Some 35 fishing nets and two fishing boats were damaged. The bridge between Maydh and Xiis towns was damaged. Two houses were damaged in Berbera district, Wogooyi Galbeed region.
WFP Somalia continued to save lives through food and cash based transfer  ( CBT )  assistance, reaching 1.64 million women, men and children in the communities most affected by acute food and nutrition insecurity
[ PRE EXISTING VULNERABILITIES ]  18% households with at least one pregnant and/or lactating woman.
La Niña has developed and is expected to last into 2021, affecting temperatures, precipitation and storm patterns in many parts of the world, according to the World Meteorological Organization  ( WMO ) .
All Somali parties to the conflict committed serious abuses against children, including killings, maiming, the recruitment and use of child soldiers, and attacks on schools. Al Shabab continued its aggressive child recruitment campaign with retaliation against communities, refusing to hand over children. National and regional forces recruited and used children, according to the UN.
In August, the speaker of parliament in Mogadishu tabled a new Sexual Intercourse Related Crimes Bill that violates Somalia's international and regional human rights obligations. The bill would allow for child marriage by defining a child around physical maturity instead of age, reduce penalties for forced marriage, exclude a broad range of sexual offenses, and include weak procedural protections for survivors. The current status of the bill is unclear.
As per the SHDS 2020, 1 in 1,000 women aged 15 49 years dies due to pregnancy related complications.
In the first quarter, the UN recorded an increase in civilian casualties due to clan conflict, including revenge killings. In April, civilians were killed, and thousands displaced during inter clan clashes in Wanlaweyn, with media reporting that a man was burned to death.
Authorities in Puntland continue to appeal for parallel interventions in terms, food, WASH services, health and nutrition services as well as emergency shelter and non food items. The minister has informed OCHA that the affected communities need urgent assistance.
Unaccompanied and separated children received family tracing and reunification services including alternative care support with 367 children realizing their fundamental right to a family. Child protection life saving awareness was provided to 9,755 people  ( 2,186 girls, 3,375 boys, 2,341 women, 1,853 men )  increasing access to life saving information and knowledge on preventing injuries from unexploded ordinance  ( UXOs )  and mines to 2,765 people  ( 902 boys, 1,016 girls, 587 women and 260 men )  and community based referral mechanisms and prevention of family separation and child recruitment.  ( tHROUGH unicef )
Mental Health and Psychosocial support services  ( MHPSS )  were delivered to 3,321 people representing a 41 per cent increase when compared to August. MHPSS delivery modality within COVID 19 precautionary measures included use of mobile teams, child protection desks in IDP camps, hotlines, and parental support activities at the community level.
Schools reopened in mid August with approximately 5 per cent of children not re enrolling in UNICEF supported schools. Factors affecting re enrolment to schools were observed with a 16.3 per cent increase in child labour endangering children's lives and 14.7 per cent of all children forced to do hard work were observed in the previous five months of school closure. Community Education Committees  ( CECs ) , teachers and child to child clubs have conducted back to school campaigns to re enrol children into schools.
This  ( increase in health service utilisation )  is mirrored by an overall uptake in service utilisation throughout the year  ( OPD 2 per cent, ANC1 4 per cent, ANC4 3 per cent, assisted deliveries 2 per cent, post natal care 5 per cent, expanded programme on immunisation  ( EPI )  5 per cent ) .
[ General household information ] Two most commonly reported preferred sources through to receive information about COVID 19 were Word of mouth  ( 54% )  and Radio classes  ( 43% ) .
In Baidoa, the Deyr rains have affected some 12,690 IDPs, displacing the families from 33 IDP settlements in Hanano 2, ADC and Towfiiq zones. Several houses and latrines have been destroyed.
[ PROTECTION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  4% and 3% of households of IDP settlements and Non IDP settlement respectively reported areas in their community where boys or men do not feel safe.
[ PROTECTION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Most commonly reported areas in the community where boys or men do not feel safe were: On the way to markets  ( 99% ) , In the market  ( 68% )  and When leaving settlement/town  ( 50% )
It is expected that localized flooding will continue during the Gu season  ( April June 2021 ) , however, this may not be as severe as in 2020. Nevertheless, recent climate events show that even during drought conditions, heavy and localized rains are likely to cause damage and displacement.
[ CAPACITY GAP  ( CG )  ]  95% of households were found to have at least one WASH Living Standard Gap  ( LSG )  and/or a Capacity Gap  ( CG ) . 89% of households were found to have a WASH Living Standard Gaps ( LSG )  but no Capacity Gap  ( CG )  in WASH, 6% of households were found to have both a WASH Living Standard Gaps ( LSG )  and a Capacity Gap  ( CG )  in WASH. 5% of households were found to have no WASH Living Standard Gaps ( LSG )  but a Capacity Gap  ( CG ) in WASH.
[ CAPACITY GAP  ( CG )  ]  90% of households were found to have at least one Education Living Standard Gaps ( LSG )  and/or a Capacity Gap  ( CG ) . 89% of households were found to have an Living Standard Gaps ( LSG )  in education but no capacity gap in education. 1% of households were found to have both an Living Standard Gaps ( LSG )  in education and a capacity gap in education. 10% of households were found to have no education Living Standard Gaps ( LSG )  but a capacity gap in education.
The Shelter Cluster estimates that 150,000 people need urgent shelter and NFI assistance due to flooding. There are reports that, there has been massive sedimentation along the Shabelle river bed in the recent past, which has caused a rise in the riverbed of about 0.5 metres.
Somalia's marginalised communities and internally displaced persons are expected to most severely be affected by the impact of the floods
While developing and implementing a humanitarian response, distribution, or reconstruction programme at all phases in the programme cycle humanitarian partners should endeavour to  ( 1 )  avoid causing harm through assistance activities and prioritize safety and dignity of the affected populations,  ( 2 )  ensure meaningful access to assistance for persons in need through making separate arrangements for vulnerable individuals and groups where so required,  ( 3 )  be aware of the accountability to affected populations, placing them at the centre of humanitarian action, and  ( 4 )  to promote participation and empowerment of these communities.
Humanitarian partners should advocate towards – and work with – traditional leadership structures and local authorities to prevent and resolve potential conflicts, taking into account that communities' ability to return after displacement may be impacted while also being cognisant of this risk when developing longer term reconstruction programmes  ( which are to take DDR and resilience measures into account – physical as well as social ) .
Marginalised communities may have been settled in flood prone locations, severely impacting on their situation – both in the short and long term
In situations of flooding the risk of family separation, severe distress for children due to the shock and loss of homes and disruption in daily life, as well as a potential increase in gender based violence  ( GBV )  due to a breakdown in community structures, law and order, and a lack of physical protection, may require protection specific responses.
Assistance to flood affected families is to be distributed on a needs basis, adhering to the humanitarian principles of humanity, neutrality, impartiality, and independence.
Factors such as insecurity, clan linkages, political agendas, among others, can influence prioritization processes for humanitarian assistance, compromising the ability of marginalized groups and disadvantaged individuals to access assistance and protection and for humanitarian partners to reach those with the highest needs.
The floods have inundated thousands of hectares of farmland and damaged property, irrigation infrastructure, water points and roads; disrupting the livelihoods of thousands of people, and exacerbating acute watery diarrheoa cases.
According to the flood task force, about 15,000 people were displaced from their homes in Hawl Wadaag and Hawa Tako sections of Belet Weyne town on 23 August due the renewed flooding
River flooding occurred in parts of Belet Weyne town on 23 August following a drastic increase in river levels along Shabelle River. As of 23 August, the river level at Belet Weyne was 7.56 metres, which is 0.26 meters higher than the high risk of flooding level.
Living in an internally displaced settlement away from home remains a major challenge for many children displaced by either conflict or climatic shocks. Across Somalia, protracted insecurity and climatic shocks, including drought and floods, remain the key drivers for increased school dropouts.
Overall, between January and 31 October, an estimated 183,256 metric tons of staple foods have been protected from desert locust damage, valued at over $55 million and sufficient to feed 1,221,704 people for a year.
[ WATER, SANITATION & HYGIENE  ( WASH )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  The highest percentage of households per WASH LSG severity score, per population group for IDP settlement was 35% for extreme and lowest was 0% for no or minimal. Similary highest percentage of households per WASH LSG severity score, per population group for Non IDP settlement was 38% for severe and lowest was 3% for no or minimal.
Somalia is bracing for an escalation in the desert locusts infestation, as a new generation has been reported in various parts of the country, including Hiraan, Galgaduud and some parts of Somaliland  ( Borama and Hargeisa ) .
One case of Circulating Vaccine Derived Polio Virus  ( cVDPV )  was reported in Banadir during the week ending 21 October, bringing to 25 the number of cases reported since the outbreak in 2018, according to WHO.
Local authorities report that the floods have destroyed about 10,000 hectares of farmland in Jubaland and South West State. Water overflow from River Shabelle resulted in river breakages, inundating 5,000 hectares of farmland in six villages in South West State, while in Jubaland, overflow from River Dawa flooded 5,000 hectares of farmland and affected about 10,000 people in Dollow and Belet Xaawo districts.
In Dhobley, flights to the area were suspended for a week after the airstrip became flooded. According to partners, the major needs for affected communities include shelter, food and non food items.
In Lower Juba region, the Deyr rains have affected at least 2,000 IDPs in Dhobley's Danwadaag settlement in Afmadow District. Stagnant pools of water in the affected areas pose a risk of water borne diseases.
According to WFP, the destruction of the roads delayed transport services from Mogadishu port to downstream markets, triggering increased transportation costs and delaying the delivery of humanitarian supplies and goods. In Jubaland State, roads in Kismayo were impassable following flash floods; made worse by poor drainage in the city.
Amid the security constraints and other operational and logistical challenges, humanitarian partners have been able to reach an average of 1.5 million people per month with assistance. With humanitarian needs on the rise, continued advocacy is required to guarantee security and humanitarian access and ensure that people affected by crisis are able to receive much needed assistance.
Explosives remnants of war  ( ERW )  also continue to pose a threat to civilian lives as well as livestock. Five boys were killed and three others injured after unidentified objects exploded in two separate incidents in Cabudwaaq District in Galmudug State in October.
Humanitarian partners should ensure barriers to accessing these populations are overcome, while basic human rights, including mitigating the risk of being affected by recurrent floods due to location of settlement, must also be upheld in longer term reconstruction activities. From the outset of the response partners are encouraged to engage housing, land, and property rights expert organisations
Relevant clusters should make efforts to pre identify and assess specific community level risks for flooding and share updated information on weather and river level forecasts, as well as provide awareness to groups deemed to be at risk, such as children to avoid dams and playing in valleys at risk of flash floods during the rainy season.
As the urban poor spend a major portion of their income on food, they are also adversely affected by increases in food prices, while both food prices and work opportunities were impacted by COVID 19 in 2020, further aggravating conditions.
Urgent support is needed from the international community to support the relief efforts. UNHCR has so far received just 33 per cent of the USD154.4 million needed for its humanitarian efforts in Somalia, including for an estimated 2.6 million IDPs and 30,000 refugees and asylum seekers being hosted in the country.
UNHCR urges landlords in the country to uphold a moratorium on evictions in these extremely challenging circumstances.
The Government of Somalia, UNHCR and humanitarian partners continue to work in IDP settlements across the country to provide displaced communities and vulnerable hosting communities with medical equipment, protective personal equipment  ( PPE ) , hygiene and sanitation support, and cash assistance.
[ Accountability to Affected Populations ]  8% of households reported having experienced barriers in accessing aid in the 30 days prior to data collection. Among those households, the most commonly reported barriers were lack of information  ( 60% ) , physically unable to access points of aid distribution  ( 47% ) , physically unable to access points of aid distribution  ( 24% ) .
[ General household information ]  The most commonly reported reasons for not taking action on COVID 19 were COVID 19 is not prevalent in the area  ( 78% ) , not at high risk of getting COVID 19  ( 16% )
The affected population and most vulnerable people must be engaged when planning and implementing health services. Partners need to establish monitoring and patient feedback mechanisms to measure patient satisfaction, and design ways to address deterrents and barriers to health care. It is essential to break down social and physical barriers to healthcare, including those driven by stigma.
Somalia's re occurring climate related emergencies result in devastating impact on communities who heavily rely on farming and livestock for their livelihood.
The COVID 19 pandemic necessitates an integrated and cross sectoral approach to reach communities, advocating for individual action and good healthcare seeking behaviours, accompanied by community based surveillance to provide data that drives response actions. Risk communication and testing efforts are particularly important in IDP settlements and overcrowded settings.
Distributions will continue in the coming days and weeks, reaching a total of some 70,000 people facing heightened vulnerabilities, including women, female/child headed households, disabled persons, the elderly and ill, and vulnerable members of the hosting community.
UNHCR, the UN Refugee Agency, has been providing core relief items such as blankets, jerry cans and plastic sheets, as well as shelter and cash to thousands of affected families.
[ In the overcrowded, makeshift shelters constructed by those displaced by flooding, ]  sanitary conditions are poor and access to medical care scarce.
Many of the newly displaced  [ due to flooding ]  are now living in overcrowded, makeshift shelters constructed from old clothes, plastic bags, cardboard and sticks in already dire IDP sites. Such shelter provides little protection from the harsh weather, and leaves families exposed to increased risk of crimes like robbery and rape.
Somalia is among the high risk polio outbreak countries because of its fragile and vulnerable population that includes nomads, displaced people and those living in rural and slum areas.
This brings to 15 the number of humanitarian workers killed in armed attacks in Somalia in 2020. In addition, 13 aid workers have been injured and 24 reportedly abducted this year. Threats and violations against humanitarian personnel, assets and facilities, as well as armed attacks against civilians, continue to be reported, especially in areas occupied by armed groups.
More than 73,000 people have been affected by Deyr flash floods and rainfall across the country, including 4,000 internally displaced people.
Service provision for GBV survivors improved in some locations in Somalia but remains largely inadequate as a result of lack of access, limited/low capacity among service providers, increasing needs and poor coordination of services. GBV also remains highly under reported.
In Kismayo district, major reasons for displacement are conflict  ( 64% ) , drought  ( 30% )  and floods  ( 19% )
The AU should support  [ African Union Mission in Somalia ]  AMISOM, including through the use of its Continental Early Warning System  ( CEWS ) , in integrating climate related security risks in its protection of civilian planning. AMISOM should increase its preparedness to support the  [ Federal Governmet of Somalia ]  FGS,  [ Federal Member States ]  FMS and humanitarian actors, on request, to respond to slow and rapid onset climate related impacts.
The UN system and international partners must support the  [ Federal Government of Somalia ]  FGS and strengthen its institutional capacity to integrate responses to climate related security risk across government. To support regional integration and capitalise on synergies, this should be done in coordination with regional institutions such as the IGAD  ( Intergovernmental Authority on Development )  Conflict Early Warning and Response Mechanism  ( CEWARN ) , and the IGAD Climate Prediction and Applications Centre  ( ICPAC ) , as well as the African Union  ( AU ) .
Major reason for displacement in Doolow district is droughts  ( 88% )  and conflict  ( 12% )
In Baardheere District, major reasons for displacement are drought  ( 72% )  and conflict  ( 28% )
Main reason for displacement in Bossaso district is conflict with 90% of people moving because of that, eviction  ( 6% )  and droughts  ( 4% )
To increase the government's ability to respond to the wide range of climate related security risks outlined in this brief, the  [ Federal Government of Somalia ]  FGS needs to ensure that climate related security risk analyses are collected and shared across ministries and agencies as well as with FMS. Integrating climate risks into the security cluster will enhance the government's ability to prevent climate related inter group tensions from becoming violent and Al Shabaab and other armed groups from taking advantage of climate impacts.
Hargeisa Urban: 2020 Deyr assessment findings show a GAM prevalence of 6.4 percent and a SAM prevalence of 1.1 percent, indicating an Alert nutrition situation. Morbidity among children in 2020 Deyr was high  ( 23.5% ) , a slight improvement from 2019 Deyr  ( 26.8 % )  but a deterioration compared to 2020 Gu  ( 13 % ) .
Hargeisa IDPs: recorded a GAM prevalence of 9.2 percent and a SAM prevalence of 1.2 percent, indicating an Alert nutrition situation. Morbidity among children in 2020 Deyr was high  ( 22.7% ) , a decline from 2019 Deyr  ( 29.9% )  but an increase from 2020 Gu  ( 16.2% ) .
Bosaso Urban: 2020 Deyr assessment findings indicate a GAM prevalence of 7.5 percent and a SAM prevalence of 1.3 percent, indicates an Alert nutrition situation.
Bossaso IDPs recorded a GAM prevalence of 15.8 percent and a SAM prevalence of 2.5 percent. This shows a sustained Critical nutrition situation compared with 2019 Deyr  ( 16.5% )  and Gu 2020  ( 15.8 % ) . Morbidity among children is borderline high in 2020 Deyr  ( 19.4% )  and reflects a decrease compared with 2019 Deyr  ( 24.1% )  but an increase compared with 2020 Gu  ( 13.7% ) .
Garowe Urban registered a GAM prevalence of 5.3 percent and a SAM prevalence of 0.5 percent in 2020 Deyr. This result indicates slightly improved but sustained Alert nutrition situation since 2019 Deyr  ( 6.2% )  and 2020 Gu  ( 7.8% ) . Morbidity rate is high  ( 25.5% )  among children 6 59 months in Garowe urban.
Garowe IDPs: Results from the 2020 Deyr nutrition assessment show a GAM prevalence of 15.8 percent and a SAM prevalence of 1.9 percent, reflecting a Critical nutrition situation. Morbidity prevalence reported in 2020 Deyr  ( 28.3% )  reflects sustained high levels since 2019 Deyr  ( 30.0%0 and 2020 Gu  ( 26.5% ) .
Galkacyo urban findings indicate a GAM prevalence of 11.8 percent and a SAM prevalence of 1.4 percent, reflecting a Serious nutrition situation which has been sustained since 2019 Deyr  ( 14.2% )  and 2020 Gu  ( 12.8% ) . Morbidity among children under the age of five is high  ( 24.0% )  in Galkacyo Urban.
Kismayo Urban recorded a GAM prevalence of 12.2 percent and a SAM prevalence of 2.4 percent, which indicates a sustained Serious nutrition situation since 2019 Deyr  ( 11.5% )  and 2020 Gu  ( 11.4% ) .
The poor nutrition situation in Kismayo IDPs is mainly attributed to influx of new IDPs from Juba riverine community due to insecurity, seasonal morbidity, including malaria, AWD outbreaks and measles, food shortage, reduced labor employment opportunities.
Across Somalia, a combination of conflict and natural disasters such as drought and flooding have displaced over 2.6 million people.
The predicted heavy Deyr rain in South, Central and Puntland region is likely to cause floods thus triggering displacement and spike in AWD/Cholera cases. Funding shortfalls are limiting WASH partners' capacity to provide assistance to the flood affected people across the country. To reduce the transmission of COVID 19 especially in overcrowded IDP sites, there is urgent need for hygiene supplies and safe water.
On 28 September in Dharkenley District, over 10,300 IDPs were evicted following the expiry of an eviction notice dated 25 September. The evictees need urgent NFI and emergency shelter assistance.
Security remains a major constraint for humanitarian operations in many parts of Somalia. Administrative requirements put in place by authorities also contribute to hamper and delay humanitarian assistance. Large parts of the south central areas continue to be controlled by non state armed groups resulting into inaccessibility to large populations in need of humanitarian assistance.
The priority needs for mine action include: behaviour change towards explosive hazards, removal of explosive hazards from confirmed hazardous areas, survey of land not previously surveyed for explosive hazards, support Somalia Explosive Management Authority to enable effective coordination of mine action activities and implementation of the National Plan of Action on Persons with Disabilities and Victim Assistance.
Child protection AoR is greatly underfunded operating with less than 20% of caseworkers required to ensure the provision of quality case management services for 38,923 children that are identified as at risk of abuse, neglect and violence. Currently caseworkers handle caseloads three or four times higher than minimum standards. We therefore urgent funding is needed to bridge the gap to at least 50% of minimum standards. The worse affected locations include; Bari, Nugaal, Galguduud,Middle Shabelle, Bay, Bakool and Lower Juba.
The number of women and girls facing violence and abuse, including sexual violence, has significantly increased due to the movement restrictions, as well as economic and social stresses induced by the COVID 19 pandemic. Intimate partner violence  ( IPV )  cases remain the highest GBV type reported across the country. Clinical Management of Rape  ( CMR ) , Psychosocial Support  ( PSS ) , and legal aid remain the priority needs for GBV survivors
Low measles immunization and vitamin A supplementation coverage  ( <65% )  were reported among IDPs in Hargeisa, Mogadishu and Baidoa as well as among urban populations in Dhusamareb, Galkacyo and Hargeisa. This calls for ongoing nutrition interventions to be sustained and expanded to areas identified with low measles immunization and vitamin A supplementation coverage.
According to Education Cluster Partners at least 900,000 face masks and 16,728 digital thermometers are needed to support the safe reopening of schools for the 900,000 children targeted under the COVID 19 Preparedness and Response Plan  ( CPRP ) .
Humanitarian needs in Somalia remain high, with $612 million  ( 60 per cent )  out of the $1.01 billion HRP funded as of 14 October. This has enabled humanitarian actors to meet at least 61 per cent of the overall requirements. However, needs in the key clusters such as Health and Protection, which are 40 and 30 per cent funded respectively, remain high, amid an increase in disease outbreaks and genderbased violence. Partners are advocating for more funding across sectors
The Somalia Humanitarian Fund  ( SHF )  has triggered a reserve allocation of $9.26 million to respond to floods in the worst affected districts of Balcad, Jowhar and Mahaday in Middle Shabelle  ( Hirshabelle ) , Afgooye and Wanla Weyn districts in Lower Shabelle  ( South West State )  and Belet Weyne  ( Hiraan ) , where over 85 per cent of the displacement has occurred.
Protection Cluster partners have reported a spike in incidents of intimate partner violence, rape, sexual exploitation, sexual harassment and abuse during the COVID 19 pandemic period. This is largely attributed to the COVID 19 restrictions on movement that have seen families being confined in small spaces, as well as economic and social stresses induced by the pandemic. Findings from the Information Management Systems 2020 indicate that 61 per cent of the GBV incidents comprise physical assault, 13 per cent rape, 12 per cent sexual assault, 6 per cent psychological/emotional abuse, 5 per cent experienced denial of resources and 3 per cent forced/early marriage
Key protection violations faced by communities in Somalia include forced displacement, gender based violence, child rights violations, arbitrary detention, forced recruitment particularly of children, evictions, forced relocation, and family separation.
The draft Somalia HRP for 2020 identifies 5,2 million people as people in need of humanitarian and protection assistance with the aim to target 3,0 million people through a range of critical life saving and protection interventions. The immediate requirements of the appeal stand at approximately USD 1,0 billion
A total of 1.65 million children are in urgent need of a second round of oral polio vaccine.
Overcrowded settlements, the subsequent increased risk of disease outbreaks due to overburdened health services, violence against women and girls, family separation and exploitation are some of the consequences and may push vulnerable population further down the spiral
Malnutrition is still a major concern in Somalia with the national average Global Acute Malnutrition  ( GAM )  levels at 13,8 per cent equivalent to an estimated 1,08 million children. Out of these almost 180,000 children are severely malnourished while 830,000 are moderately malnourished. Some areas in the country remain above the emergency threshold of 15 per cent in 2019, some 2,7 million children and pregnant and lactating women and girls will require emergency nutrition services through treatment of acute malnutrition and preventive therapeutic nutrition assistance.
An estimated population of 6,3 million people are acutely food insecure through December 2019, which is an increase of 36 percent compared to the same period in 2018. This figure 6,3 million people include 2,1 million facing Integrated Food Security Phase Classification  ( IPC )  levels 3 ‘Crisis' and level 4 ‘Emergency'. Furthermore, 4,2 million Somalis are in IPC 2 category ‘Stressed' which is one of highest IPC 2 prevalence ever recorded. In the absence of humanitarian assistance this group in IPC 2 will most likely fall into IPC 3.
The risk of contracting waterborne diseases continues to be high, owing to consumption of untreated and contaminated water, lack of latrines and poor hygiene and sanitation practices. Almost 50 percent of the Somalis do not have access to sufficient amounts of water on a daily basis.
The health implications on maternal health are also serious where Somalia stands for the sixth highest lifetime maternal death risk at 723 deaths/100,000 live births.
Approximately 1,9 million of those are living in displacement and 1,2 million people belong to host communities. Child recruitment and labour continues to be on the rise. Among those in need of protection, 48 percent are women and girls, while children constitute 64 percent of the caseload.
over 5,2 million people are in need of humanitarian and protection assistance out of which the most vulnerable groups include 3,5 million non displaced populations, 1,7 million displaced by conflict, insecurity, forced evictions, droughts and floods. Furthermore, 108,00 returnees and 42,000 refugees require humanitarian assistance and protection.
The destruction caused by the floods have not only resulted in displacement and death, but infrastructure and farmland have been destroyed which causes disruption of livelihoods.
In response to the floods situation, the Federal Government and humanitarian partners in Somalia launched a joint Flood Response Plan  ( FRP ) .
Conflict primarily related to Al Shabaab attacks and military operations, as well as clan violence continue to hamper trade and market activities and contribute to population displacement and food insecurity. The political and socio economic instabilities continue to also undermine any positive gains made so far.
The humanitarian crisis in Somalia has for decades been one of the most complex and protracted emergencies in the world with recurrent climate induced hazards  ( drought and floods )  and ongoing conflict. The country continues to be fragile with a population who frequently faces the predicament of the recurrent shocks without ample time for recovery.
Measles continues despite a vaccination campaign being completed in October, indicating still a very low immunization coverage in the area. Contributing to the low coverage rate is poor health seeking behavior in the community; along with lack of vaccination services outside Kismayo in areas that are mostly inaccessible due to security concerns, resulting in the recent campaign only targeting accessible villages within Kismayo.
Acute Watery Diarrhea /Cholera:6,589 confirmed cases including 33 deaths, case fatality rate  ( CFR )  0.5 %, has been recorded from January to December 2020. The cholera cases spike occurred in at the start of February and June 2020
Evictions, sometimes forced with little or no warning, also continues to be reported with an estimated 97,624 displaced persons affected between January and August this year. Of these, some 63,930 people were evicted in Mogadishu alone. This is lower than the figures recorded in the first half of the year due to prevention steps taken by the humanitarian partners. A total of 20,831 evictions were prevented between february and May 2020.
[ EDUCATION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Education LSGs were found to be primarily driven by Households with school aged children who reported barriers to accessing education for boys  ( 78% )  , Households with school aged children who reported barriers to accessing education for girls  ( 77% ) .
Between January and August 2020, more than 885,000 people were displaced, largely due to floods and conflict. This is nearly 70 per cent higher than figures recorded for the same period in 2019. According to the UNHCR/NRC led Protection Return and Monitoring Network  ( PRMN ) , more than 627,872 people were newly displaced by floods in 2020. Armed conflict and insecurity have also uprooted an estimated 175,194 people from their homes.
This year, World Humanitarian Day came at a time Somalia is facing triple threat of COVID19 pandemic, flooding and the desert locust infestation that have further exacerbated preexisting vulnerabilities in Somalia. Each year, World Humanitarian Day focuses on a theme, bringing together partners from across the humanitarian system to advocate for the survival, well being, and dignity of people affected by crises, and for the safety and security of aid workers.
The United Nations and with Federal Government of Somalia  ( FGS )  have called for protection of aid workers who provide life saving assistance to the vulnerable people in the country. In a joint press statement, FGS and the UN has shared their concerns on the insecurity and the poor infrastructure in the country that hampers the delivery of aid assistance to the people in need. Somalia is considered as one of the world's most dangerous environment.
Somalia marked world humanitarian day on 19 August. Activities were conducted virtually due to the COVID 19 restrictions and the ban on social gatherings. Contents including videos, pictures/banners and web story has been share digitally. The hashtag #RealLifeHeroes was amplified across all UN agencies, government authorities and humanitarian organizations. Appreciation and recognition has been made to aid workers for their continued support and tireless efforts to serve humanity.
Somalia Humanitarian Fund  ( SHF  )  partners have adopted mobile money transfers instead of vouchers in food security and WASH projects with cash for work components.
The activities  [ supported by the Somalia Humanitarian Fund  ( SHF )  Advisory Board ]  include targeted trainings, COVID 19 related messaging and awareness raising sessions, purchase of PPE equipment for staff, construction of emergency latrines and installation of WASH facilities to ensure access to safe water in IDP settlements.
Somalia is one of the most complex humanitarian crises in the world. The long standing insecurity and protracted humanitarian crises have hindered resilience building efforts, leaving the population highly vulnerable to shocks, particularly women and girls, older people, people with different types of disabilities and single headed households.
The  [ resilience ]  programme is expected to generate income from agricultural value chains beyond production, and prepare women and youth with capacities to take up new strategies by equipping them with skills, networks and strategies through savings groups, vocational training, business and life skills training
Agencies implementing this  [ resilience ]  programme will empower producers to overcome existing constraints of limited skills and agricultural inputs, unfair trading practices, limited agronomic capacity, transaction cost, and infrastructure barriers such as limited irrigation and water.
[ EDUCATION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  The most commonly reported types of education facilities attended were Primary mixed school for boys and girls  ( 31% ) , Quranic school for boys  ( 29% ) , Quranic school for girls  ( 23% )  and Secondary mixed school for boy and girls  ( 14% ) .
The  [ Swiss Development Cooperation funded resilience program targeting nearly 22,000 people ]  aims at improving the overall capacity of households to implement effective disaster risk management and positive coping strategies to mitigate the immediate effect of exposure to shock by improving the socio economic condition of the resource poor and disadvantaged sections of the communities.
[ EDUCATION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  57% and 58% of Households IDP and non IDP settlements respectively reported education of their children had been disrupted as a result of the COVID 19 outbreak.
[ HEALTH LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Five most commonly reported illnesses or injuries household members of IDP settlements had in the past two weeks prior to data collection were fever ( 18% ) , Diarrhea  ( 2% ) , Cough with fast or difficult breathing  ( 3% ) , skin infections  ( 3% ) , eye infections  ( 1% ) .
During the  [ polio and measles immunization ]  campaign, 407,956 children between 6 months and five years  ( 92 per cent of the target )  received measles vaccine while 459,456  ( 93 per cent of the target )  were vaccinated against polio. A total of 224 District Field Assistants supervised more than 3,000 vaccinators in the field in addition to the monitors from the Ministry of Health, WHO and UNICEF. Vaccinators and supervisors were following COVID 19 guidelines during the campaign implementation.
Dr Mamunur Malik, WHO Somalia Representative, emphasized to Somali communities that every adult has a responsibility to help Somali children live healthy lives. “I would like to encourage parents, caregivers and all adults in Banadir region and surrounding areas to make the most of this opportunity and visit vaccination sites to ensure every child under age 5 is vaccinated against polio and measles, and that every child receives additional supplements to keep them healthy. As caregivers, we all have an obligation to ensure our children live healthy and productive lives,' said Dr Malik.
Public health measures enacted in Somali Blue Border Points: MoH on site  ( 4 ) , Standard Operating Procedures in place  ( 3 ) , Point of Entry staff trained on how to manage flows  ( 2 ) , Point of Entry information provided  ( 4 ) , Travellers know steps to take in case symptoms develop  ( 1 ) , Traveller screening on site  ( 2 ) , Travellers know how to seek care  ( 2 ) , Staff trained on SOPs  ( 2 ) , Handwashing stations on site  ( 2 ) , Isolation space exists  ( 1 ) , Referral system in place  ( 2 ) , Equipped handwashing stations  ( 2 ) , Functional referral system  ( 2 ) , Temperatue check included in screening  ( 2 ) , Forms included in screening  ( 2 ) , PPE available and worn  ( 1 ) .
Public health measures enacted in Somali airports: MoH on site  ( 7 ) , Standard Operating Procedures in place  ( 6 ) , Point of Entry staff trained on how to manage flows  ( 6 ) , Point of Entry information provided  ( 6 ) , Travellers screening on site  ( 6 ) , Staff trained on SOPs  ( 6 ) , Handwashing stations on site  ( 6 ) , Isolation space exists  ( 6 ) , Referral system in place  ( 6 ) , Equipped handwashing stations  ( 6 ) , Functional referral system  ( 6 ) , Temperatue check included in screening  ( 6 ) , Forms included in screening  ( 4 ) , Masks available for cases  ( 4 ) , PPE available and worn  ( 6 ) .
As the airports ease restrictions on travel, other measures that were also put in place to ensure that movement happens in a safe manner were expanded, with particular attention paid to the implementation of medical measures
On 10 April, following government directives, authorities in Gedo region close border crossings with Kenya and Ethiopia until further notice. Crossings into Kenya near the towns of El Wak and Bula Hawo, as well as the crossing into Ethiopia at Doolow, have been shuttered
8,652 households were reached in Jowhar and Abudwaq  ( 39,080 individuals ) , including IDPs and host communities with COVID 19 information and to combat stigmatization. The campaign was led by 150 trained women and 20 religious leaders recruited from the local community.
IOM Somalia has provided 3,570,000 litres of safe and clean water to 30,000 individuals. They have also installed 1,104 handwashing points  ( 500 in Mogadishu ) , 200 latrines were constructed in Daynile district in Mogadishu, and 5,055 invidividuals have received soap and hygiene kits in Jubaland, Benadir, and South West State.
Population groups most commonly reported as unable to access health services when needed, by % of assessed settlements reporting access to health services were: people with disabilities  ( 42% ) , men and women over 60  ( 29% ) , girls under 18  ( 27% ) , and boys under 18  ( 24% ) .
Malaria  ( 31% ) , fever  ( 23% ) , and diarrhoea  ( 21% )  were the most commonly reported health issues by % of the assessed settlements.
Only 22% of assessed settlements reportedly had access to any health services. Distance  ( 75% )  and cost of services  ( 65% )  were commonly reported barriers to accessing healthcare in the assessed settlements. Security issues were cited by 15% of assessed settlements as a common barrier to accessing healthcare.
20% of assessed settlements reportedly had no access to a functional market. Of those settlements, 83% of key informants cited markets being too far as the main barrier to access. Another 24% cited no money to buy goods and another 10% cited the quality of goods as being insufficient as a barrier to food access.
As of 31 December, 2019, the HRP requirements were 93 million USD. 21 million USD had been received and another 1.6 million USD had been pledged.
This survey established a  [ children aged 6 59 months ]  morbidity rate of 33.0%, children were reported to have been sick in the two weeks prior to the survey. The leading reported illness/symptoms were fever  ( 19.2% ) , ARI/cough  ( 16.7% )  and Diarrhea  ( 15.5% )
7.6%  ( 3.60 – 10.70 95% C.I )  of the pregnant and lactating women  [ aged 15 49 years ]  were malnourished with MUAC of less than 21.0 cm and 8.8%
The Crude Mortality Rate  ( CMR )  was 0.44 deaths per 10,000 persons per day  [ 0.26 – 0.75, 95% C.I. ]  while the Under 5 Mortality Rate  ( U5MR )  was 0.48 deaths per 10,000 persons per day  [ 0.18 – 1.26 95% C.I. ]
Findings indicated an overall stunting prevalence was 12.9%  ( 10.0 16.6, 95% C.I )  classified as medium and severe chronic malnutrition prevalence of 2.1%  ( 1.2 3.6, 95% C.I )
In 2020, the humanitarian pooled funds, including the Somalia Humanitarian Fund  ( SHF )  and the Central Emergency Response Fund  ( CERF ) , allocated $58 million to humanitarian partners in Somalia to respond to the impact of the triple threat of Desert Locusts, floods and COVID 19. Of the $22.1 million CERF allocation in 2020, $15 million is supporting anticipatory action interventions.
These physical access constraints have a serious impact on the humanitarian situation in areas that become inaccessible for long periods of time. Not only are critical humanitarian deliveries such as nutrition supplies delayed but the availability of commercial goods is also curtailed, potentially increasing the vulnerability of the affected population. For example, in Jowhar town, which depends on main supplies of food and other essential commodities coming from Mogadishu, humanitarian partners reported shortages of food and other commodities including drugs, as well as a 5 per cent increase in food prices due to limited supplies that are transported via boats or donkey carts.
WHO is supporting the Ministry of Health to continue to provide surveillance systems, including at the community level through community engagement teams jointly supported by the Ministry, WHO and UNICEF.
Overall survey findings regarding Water, Hygiene and Sanitation practices indicates that there still need to improve, specially water treatment of drinking water, storage of water in safe place with cover, availability of designated handwashing place in the household and avoid open defecation. Unhealthy environment is one of underlying cause of the malnutrition and poor hygiene practices, unsafe drinking water, open defecation effects the environment and indicates probable contribution to malnutrition in Galkacyo South District.
In respect to the Extended Programme on Immunization  ( EPI – BCG, OPV 1 3, Penta 1 3 and Measles ) , a total of 1,118 children aged below and above 1 year accessed these services from the two Emergency mobile clinics over the DREF period of 5 months. ( Surveillance Research and Communication Support )
Planning, Monitoring, Evaluation and Reporting  ( PMER ) : PMER ensured effective project implementation and continuous monitoring at field level through SRCS ( Surveillance Research and Communication Support )  Bosaso Branch Staff and Volunteers. The Branch was further internally remotely supported by SRCS Coordination office in Mogadishu. Pre  and Post distribution verification and monitoring was conducted by SRCS Bosaso Branch Coordinator with remote support from the IFRC Somalia Country office team. Approaches included phone calls to 20% of the beneficiaries, among others. Monthly updates were provided on activity progress made and identified challenges encountered during implementation. A planned lessons learnt workshop at the end of the operation was facilitated by the Branch.
The Healthcare system in entire Somalia, especially in Qardho, was already fragile. Access to basic healthcare services was and remains limited to date. Malaria and other water borne diseases are endemic in Qardho and SRCS  ( Surveillance Research and Communication Support ) with support from partners was already running one mobile and two static health clinics that were rendered inadequate by the emerging floods disaster related health / WASH needs.
While SRCS  ( Surveillance Research and Communication Support )  did not initially plan to respond to the livelihoods needs of the flood affected population, SRCS continued participating in the Livelihoods Coordination mechanisms to identify emergency reprogramming and Early to Long term programming opportunities.
IFRC, through Somalia Country Office, provided financial support to SRCS through this DREF grant. The Somalia Country Office and Africa Regional office based in Nairobi provided SRCS with technical and logistical support, respectively. Direct responsibility for the operation in Puntland Somalia sat with the Somalia Country Office. SRCS was responsible for field level implementation and reporting.
Emergency Health: Under this operation, SRCS  ( Surveillance Research and Communication Support ) activated two emergency mobile clinics in addition to one that was already running in the area prior to the floods disaster. The clinics were adequately staffed and operated for five months reaching a population of 11,639.
The most affected households were settled in the high flood risk lowlands and needed urgent humanitarian assistance. In response, a Disaster Relief Emergency Fund Operation was launched within 14 days on the 10 May 2020, initially targeting overall 9,000 people  ( 1,500 HHs )  with Shelter / Household Items; Expanded emergency healthcare, Access to clean water and improved hygiene / sanitation practices
Additional support for persons with specific needs including elderly, persons with chronic illness, pregnant mothers
Identified Needs and Remaining Gaps: According to the 2020 HNO, 2.2 million people are in need of Shelter and NFI assistance in Somalia. In the month of July, according to PRMN report, around 130,000 people have been displaced due to floods caused by the unusual Hagaa rains. The most affected districts are Afgooye  ( 58,000 people displaced )  in Lower Shabelle region and Balcad  ( 44,000 people displaced )  in Middle Shabelle region. Shelter and NFI assistance is urgently required in flood affected areas.
The lifting of 750 shelter kit components  ( plastic sheets to be used for roofing )  to Bardheere, Gedo region, was completed, awaiting distribution of same and cash for other shelter components to occur next month. As at the end of July, 6,226 NFI kits  ( from the plan of total 11,476 kits )  have been distributed by UNHCR while 500 shelter kits  ( from the plan of total 7,000 kits )  have been distributed.
A rapid assessment was conducted by the GBV AoR to better understand the impact of COVID 19 on GBV incidents and service provision. The assessment examined how COVID 19 has impacted access to health services for women and adolescent girls, access to education for girls and boys, prevalence rates of female genital mutilation and stigmatization at the community level.