nlp-thedeep/humsetbias huggingface dataset:
[ 30th August to 12th September 2021, Cox's Bazar ]  During the reporting period CHWs conducted 288 227 household visits in which 3533 patients were identified with mild respiratory symptoms  ( fever, sore throat, cough )  and 46 patients with moderate/severe symptoms. The cumulative number of patients with mild symptoms is 175 414, and 1109 patients with moderate/ severe symptoms. To date, 95 144 persons with COVID 19 like symptoms have been referred to health facilities, 2794 of which during the reporting period. Through coordination by the CHWG, COVID 19 messages reached 569 430 persons between weeks 35 and 36. Since the beginning of the response, CHWs have conducted more than 9.78 million household visits and had a cumulative number of more than 25.77 million contacts with adult household members. Through the CwC WG, 97 744 people were engaged in 36 608 small group sessions
[ 30th August to 12th September 2021, Cox's Bazar ]  WHO continues its support to the Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research  ( IEDCR )  Field Laboratory at the Cox's Bazar Medical College comprising human resources, equipment, supplies/consumables and technical and operational expertise. Between early April 2020 and August 2021, a total of 220 447 tests for COVID 19 have been conducted, of which 199 257 are from Cox's Bazar district and the remainder from Bandarban and Chittagong districts. An decreased in the number of tests conducted among the Rohingya refugees was observed in weeks 35 36 as compared to weeks 33 34, from 2 413 to 2 546tests. Among the host community an increased number was tested as well; from 4 797 tests in weeks 33 34 to 4 316tests in week 33 34. Currently, 42 sample collection sites are operating for suspected COVID 19 patients.
[ 21st September 2021, Cox's Bazar ]  Refugee: Some of the participants, especially those who live far away from health facilities and the CiC office, said they didn't have any idea where to get information about services they might receive during their pregnancies.
[ 21st September 2021, Cox's Bazar ]  Refugee: Only 3 women said they preferred to give birth in a hospital rather than at home and only 2 planned to give birth in a hospital. Four planned to give birth at home but would go to a hospital if there were complications and the remaining 4 said they were open to either a home or a hospital birth. Some women said that the advice they received from community health volunteers influenced their decision to consider giving birth in a hospital, while previous positive or negative experiences with health care providers influenced others' decisions. Eight of the 10 women felt that home births are safe
[ 21st September 2021, Cox's Bazar ]  Refugee: Lactating mothers also reported they have struggled to update their card ( s )  with their children's name after delivery. One participant said NGO staff visited her house, asked for information about her and her child but didn't say why they were collecting information. Even after providing information, her child wasn't included as a member of her family on her card, and therefore, she is not receiving enough food for her family and nutrition for her child.
[ 21st September 2021, Cox's Bazar ]  Refugee: Lactating mothers who received a delivery book are supposed to receive an updated card for health services and to receive nutritional support like semolina both for themselves and their children. Via community feedback data and in depth interviews, it was clear some lactating mothers didn't receive any food or nutrition support for themselves/their children. Some participants mentioned they didn't receive proper nutrition support during their pregnancy.
[ 21st September 2021, Cox's Bazar ]  Refugee: Apart from family members and dai ma, interviewees said that they mainly received pregnancy information and advice from NGO volunteers visiting their homes. NGO volunteers provided information about maintaining a healthy diet and good personal hygiene, as well as advising them to get regular check ups at medical facilities. Seven women interviewed say they wanted to receive further information about pregnancy. In particular, they want information on where to have a safe delivery, how to care for the health of their newborns, danger signs to look for during pregnancy, where to access sanitary pads and other materials for after the birth, and how to confirm the approximate due date to relieve anxiety. All women wanted to receive pregnancy related information verbally, particularly face to face in their homes.
[ 21st September 2021, Cox's Bazar ]  Refugee: Participants said they'd heard different things about the consequences of losing their various cards i.e., they would not be able to receive medicine or nutrition services, unless the card is renewed or replaced. In some cases, participants said volunteers were rude to pregnant women who lost their cards. Participants said they feel bad when mistreated by volunteers. One participants said she has three or four different cards, and losing one might result in losing health or nutrition services.Participants said the food they receive is not enough and is not varied. As pregnancy affects their appetites, they would like to eat a variety of fruits, fish or meat, but they can't afford it with the credit they receive through their SCOPE cards.
[ 21st September 2021, Cox's Bazar ]  Refugee: As part of the nutrition service, pregnant women receive different supplements like calcium, folic acid and/or iron tablets as well as semolina. Some participants said they didn't receive all or enough when they first received cards/books related to their pregnancy. For example, some received 30 tablets to be taken twice a day, meaning the tablets would last for 15 days, even though their next antenatal visit was in 30 days. To get refills of tablets, they were advised to visit health facilities for additional medicine and check ups. Participants pointed out that as they do not live near health facilities, it is difficult for them to visit, even for check ups, during their pregnancy.
[ 21st September 2021, Cox's Bazar ]  Refugee: Furthermore, participants said they didn't know about the services a lactating mother and her child were entitled to. They said that if volunteers came to their blocks and let them know about the services available for pregnant and lactating women and their children, they were certain they would have gone for check ups or asked for a card to receive services. Participants said they had not heard about the help desk or info hub. If they need information, they tend to ask their neighbours or mahji  ( community leaders ) .
[ 21st September 2021, Cox's Bazar ]  Refugee: Concerns raised by pregnant women: All pregnant women interviewed said they received antenatal care and were given a delivery book  ( which lists name of the beneficiary, husband's name, gestation dates, shelter address and her health condition ) . They were advised to bring the book with them to the health facility centre. Some say the delivery book is quite big to carry, and that they do not understand the information as it is written in Bangla. Some pregnant women said they didn't receive nutrition support such as semolina, even as they were given their delivery book. Some said they do not live near the health facilities or the Camp in Charge  ( CiC )  office. These mothers may not be getting nutrition services because volunteers do not visit their part of the camp often.
[ 21st September 2021, Cox's Bazar ]  Refugee: Regular contact with health professionals is central to monitoring the health of pregnant women and their babies. The World Health Organization recommends a minimum of 4 antenatal visits. Five women are on track to meet or exceed that target, with check ups every 1 2 months, while 3 are on track to fall just short of the target. The remaining 2 women have had minimal contact with health professionals during their pregnancies, with one woman who is 9 months pregnant having visited a doctor twice and the other having had 1 check up in 4 months of pregnancy. None of the 10 women knew their exact due date. Some said their doctors told them which month they would give birth and others calculated their due date based on when their periods stopped. Seven of the women reported being between 6 and 9 months pregnant and 3 women between 3 and 5 months pregnant. Three women said they faced challenges accessing medical care or advice during their pregnancies. One woman said she was unable to visit her nearest health facility as it is located in a hilly area and only accessible on foot or in a private vehicle. One woman faced challenges with long waiting times at facilities and another said she does not feel comfortable visiting hospitals.
[ 21st September 2021, Cox's Bazar ]  Refugee: Some lactating mothers expressed concern about the nutrition status of their children. They  ( mistakenly )  said when a child has a problem breastfeeding and can't get enough breast milk, they need to use formula as an alternative. Since this is unaffordable, they worried about whether their child was receiving adequate nutrition. Some find ways to buy formula. One participant said her husband borrowed money to do so. Some families might sell their relief items, affecting the health and welfare of the rest of the family. This was echoed by the qualitative study on “Exploring Rohingya and host community's behaviour around nutrition and nutritious foods', carried out by BBC Media Action, which revealed that people buy fish and meat by selling their extra rice.
[ 21st September 2021, Cox's Bazar ]  Refugee: For most women interviewed, the main source of information other than doctors are female family members, particularly mothers in law and elders. Six of the 10 women also take advice from traditional birth attendants – dai ma. One woman said she was told by family members not to go to the toilet at night, while some reported being advised to carry a metal nail or iron rod if venturing outside at night to protect them from jinn  ( bad spirits )  during pregnancy. Dai ma provided general advice such as maintaining a healthy diet, staying active through walking, not doing heavy lifting, and practicing good personal hygiene. One woman said that a dai ma provided her with mental health support and checked on the baby's movements. Nine of the women had help from a dai ma with a birth in the past and said it was a positive experience.
[ 21st September 2021, Cox's Bazar ]  Food assistance : • Relocation is continuing through the camp, Total 147 HHs relocated before 21 September, It will continue until targeted reached • 3 new Fresh Food Corners at Camp 8W, Camp 17 and Camp KMS EV outlet. Total 19 FFCs, including live chicken and fish, at 17 locations were operational to provide fresh food items to all beneficiaries
[ 20 September 2021, Bangladesh ]  As of 18 Sep 2021, 41 515 652 people above 18 years of age registered themselves in Surokha App for COVID 19 vaccination. Overall, more than 36.7 million  ( 36 747 032 )  doses were administered: over 22.1 million people received the first dose, and more than 14.5 million people received two doses. Bangladesh administrated 22 doses per 100 population; 13.3% of the total population received one dose, and 8.8% received two doses and were fully vaccinated. The male: female ratio of vaccination is 53:47 in total
[ July 2021, Cox's Bazar ]  Heavy rainfall also caused a total of 13 deaths including five Rohingyas in landslides, this compares to five landside deaths in June. Ten of the 13 victims died over two consecutive days. All Rohingyas including two females died on 27 July in Camp 10, Ukhiya. Five members of a family in the host community including two females died on the next day in Teknaf.
[ January   March 2021, Cox's Bazar ]  96% of households that paid cash as rent reported not facing any threat of eviction and 3% reported facing threat because they could not pay rent, followed by 1% that reported eviction threat because host community needed their land back for their own plans and purpose.
[ July 2021, Bangladesh ]  GENDER BASED VIOLENCE: Identified Needs and Remaining Gaps:■ Gender based violence prevention activities and response services are not considered “critical' activities as part of the government's COVID 19 restrictions; while case management on an emergency and exceptional basis has been permitted, and referral to health and psycho social support for such cases is ongoing. Most GBV activities remain suspended. Despite remote case management efforts, challenges remain as many cases including in person counselling and legal assistance are pending, and some refugees lack access to mobile phones and credit. It is assumed that there may be underreporting of cases. ■ Heavy rain and flooding have resulted in displacement of thousands of refugees who are sheltering with family members or in temporary communal facilities. The weather has also damaged many solar lights, increasing the risk of gender based violence across the camps.
[ July 2021, Bangladesh ]   CASH BASED INTERVENTIONS: Identified Needs and Remaining Gaps: ■ The recent surge in COVID 19 cases led to increased occupancy of beds in UNHCR supported facilities, with the upward trend in transmission rates requiring an enhanced medical response. UNHCR distributed additional PPE for health staff, and medicines and other supplies for case management at health facilities including quarantine centres, and Sadar District Hospital in Cox's Bazar. Other community based activities including risk communication and health promotion have been scaled up. ■ Mental health and psychosocial support  ( MHPSS )  activities were paused in mid July following a directive from the Government, due to the introduction of the strict lockdown. This created a gap in services for refugees in need of wellbeing support services. However, trained volunteers offered information sessions in their communities relating to stress and anger, and other issues.
[ July 2021, Cox's Bazar ]  At the beginning of the month, the heavy monsoon rains also impacted on Camp 22 on 4 July when 15 shelters were washed away. The incessant downpour during the final week of the month damaged more than 3,800 shelters, displaced over 13,000 Rohingya, and left at least seven Rohingya dead.
[ January   March 2021, Cox's Bazar ]  A higher proportion of refugees who arrived recently in 2021 have written agreements compared to those who arrived in previous years. Similarly, a higher proportion of refugees, who arrived before 2017, had some sort of agreement  ( verbal )  with landlords for rent.
[ July 2021, Bangladesh ]  COMMUNITY BASED AND LEGAL PROTECTION: Identified Needs and Remaining Gaps:■ Using remote modalities, UNHCR and partners are closely supporting refugee volunteers. Various community based activities continue on a smaller scale including individual awareness sessions conducted by refugee protection volunteers. However, the number of female refugees reached is limited as many do not have access to mobile phones and community centres remain closed. ■ Prolonged lockdown has led to the reduction of many key legal services including access to courts, legal awareness sessions and mediation. ■ Some refugees, including women and children, attempting to return from Bhasan Char to the camps in Cox's Bazar were arrested and detained in July. UNHCR through its partners provides legal assistance to these refugees and advocates with the Government for the release of these individuals in accordance with the national legal framework.
[ July 2021, Cox's Bazar ]  The COVID restrictions impacted on life in the camps when four Rohingya men were fined for violating lockdown rules in Camp 22. Despite the countrywide lockdown being relaxed between 15 and 23 July ahead of Eid ul Azha, a stricter restriction on movements of Rohingya outside the camps was announced ahead of the Eid festival.
[ November 2020 to February 2021, Bangladesh ]  Recommendations: • International donors and NGOs should address the environmental impact of refugee settlements in Teknaf and Ukhiya through short term livelihoods programmes in the host community. Supporting host communities is crucial to fostering a positive relationship between host Bangladeshis and refugees, and between communities and NGOs. A joint programme by IOM and FAO that was launched in 2018 provides a replicable model: to provide high quality, nutritious food; increase income for local farmers; and contribute to the regeneration of the local forest. • International donors and NGOs should improve access to coordinated dispute resolution mechanisms for host and refugee communities. Currently, dispute resolution within the refugee community and between the refugee and host community remains ad hoc and untransparent, with already overstretched camp officials taking on the role of informal arbitrators. NGOs with dedicated legal aid programming can be mobilized to a. mediate disputes over land; and b. train community leaders to become mediators. • The Government of Bangladesh, international donors and NGOs should establish a system of community consultations on inter communal relations and local needs as part of social cohesion programming. For social cohesion programming to be successful, community buy in is critical. The implementation of interventions should be preceded by consultations with local government officials, union members, the RRR, and a representative cross section of the target community. For example, before Alternate Dispute Resolution programming is designed for Ukhiya, programming should be informed by the specific needs not just of the sub district at large but the target unions in which it will operate. This should include consultations with Union Parishads and Upazila Parishads, upazila officials, majhis, CiCs and village courts.
[ November 2020 to February 2021, Bangladesh ]   Tensions remain between refugee and host community regarding access to land and livelihoods, and regarding the impact of refugee settlements on the local environment. • While some host community members oppose the presence of refugees, a much larger portion of respondents are either supportive, ambivalent or balanced in their views. • Covid 19 has magnified differences and misgivings between refugees and the host community. Over one year of rolling lockdowns, many  ( in both communities )  have lost jobs and access to livelihoods. Indebtedness has increased, as has hunger and frustration. • Within both refugee and host communities, perceptions of respondents who identify as female vary from those of respondents who identify as male. Across issue areas, female respondents focus on material needs, deprivations, and barriers to social cohesion; while male respondents identify anxieties around gender roles, cultural considerations and perceived threats to morality. • Indications that media coverage of refugees has misrepresented perceptions on the ground.
[ November 2020 to February 2021, Bangladesh ]  Recommendations: • All relevant actors should center gender sensitivity as a cornerstone of all social cohesion interventions. For all actors, it is imperative to ensure programming is not reinforcing male dominated structures, that inclusion of women is not tokenistic, and that social cohesion analysis and programming does not exclude those who are transgender and/or gender non binary. For example, a coordinated dispute resolution mechanism that excludes women is not just an impediment to peace, but an active driver of interpersonal conflict. • The Government of Bangladesh should designate vital protection services as essential to avoid disruption to life saving services and address protection risks resulting from, and contributing to, community tensions. Over one year of rolling lockdowns in Teknaf and Ukhiya has restricted the presence of protection actors. On the ground, this means limited monitoring, programming and interventions to ameliorate disputes, abuses, GBV and other protection concerns. While foregrounding Covid 19 safety guidelines and in conjunction with the vaccination drive in the camps protection actors should be allowed back into the camps. Relatedly, it is vital to ensure securitization measures in response to increased criminality do not themselves become drivers for conflict. • The Government of Bangladesh and NGOs should work towards expanding access to education for refugees and the host community. As Bangladesh accelerates vaccination, education programming should be reintroduced in the camps as schools are reopened in the region.
[ November 2020 to February 2021, Bangladesh ]  Part I of this report identifies, describes, and analyzes key sources of tension between the host and refugee community in Teknaf and Ukhiya. In particular, it takes seriously the nature of conflict, with an eye toward interventions to address, ameliorate, and ultimately transform the root causes of tensions. Between November 2020 and February 2021, a series of interviews were held with both refugees and host community members in Teknaf and Ukhiya. A total of thirty three  ( 30 )  interviews were conducted. In addition, thirty  ( 30 )  key informant interviews were held with local community leaders, elders, Camp in Charge  ( CiCs ) , and government representatives in Teknaf and Ukhiya. Two focus group discussions were held with the Rohingya refugee community in Teknaf and Ukhiya, along with key informant interviews with Rohingya religious leaders, elders and NGO volunteers. Our findings highlight tensions  ( or perceived tensions )  across five key areas: ecology and environment; labour market; land use; the presence of non governmental organizations; and contestations over the cultural and political landscape.
[ November 2020 to February 2021, Bangladesh ]  The impact of Covid 19, too, cannot be discounted. Since April 2020, Bangladesh has instituted rolling lockdowns to halt the spread of the virus. Due to global vaccine shortages, and unequal global vaccine distribution, these shutdowns have been forced to continue  affecting both the formal and informal economy. This uncertainty around livelihood has been felt in both the host and refugee community, with assessments revealing that as earning plummets, households are spending less, and some are at increasing risk of hunger.36 Neither were these vulnerabilities unique to the host community. Income anxiety significantly increased among the Rohingya community in the first two months of 2021, attributable to increased economic vulnerabilities, the adoption of high risks coping mechanisms, and decreased ability of the community to absorb potential shocks.
[ November 2020 to February 2021, Bangladesh ]  There are also differences perceived and/or real in ways of living that continue to be sources of tension. Our findings indicate that some of the most frequent cultural grievances of the host community in Cox's Bazar include, but are not limited to, unregistered marriages, polygamy, perceived immorality, high Rohingya birth rates, and social interactions with refugees.
[ November 2020 to February 2021, Bangladesh ]  Over the last four years, at least 725 criminal cases have been filed against Rohingya refugees. Between January 2019 and July 2020, a total of 103 Rohingya refugees were reportedly been killed in 'gunfights with law enforcement'. In each case, incidents were attributed to drug and human trafficking, assault, rape or possession of arms or narcotics. Incidents of Gender Based Violence  ( GBV )  has also increased across camps, and has threatened to spill out of control during each of the rolling Covid 19 lockdowns. These protection concerns have been met largely with a securitized response by authorities.
[ April to July 2021, Cox's Bazar ]  Rohingya continue to discuss the impacts and significance of the fires that occurred in the first half of 2020. While the number of fires decreased as time has gone on, there remains concerns about whether there will be a reoccurrence following the monsoon season. Heavy rains during the monsoon season and the reduction in maintenance and preparedness works caused widespread flooding in the camps. According to NPM daily incident monitoring, 160,422 Rohingya were affected by monsoon rains that caused waterlogging, flash flooding and landslides/slope failures over the last four months.
[ April to July 2021, Cox's Bazar ]  Assistance: • Reduced humanitarian presence and programming, reduced mobility and heavy monsoon rains hindered access to critical assistance with many respondents reporting reduced access to a wide range of services. • Closure of essential services, such as protection, nutrition, registration and MHPSS services
[ April to July 2021, Cox's Bazar ]  Relationships: • Continued deterioration between host & Rohingya relationships over competition of resources, exacerbated by nationwide lockdown. • Exacerbated tensions between Rohingya and affected population over perceived failure to conduct mitigation works. • Continued problems between humanitarians & affected population. A total of 9% of respondents reported seeing humanitarian responders behaving badly, abusing, or harassing a woman or girl within the past three months. • 57% of households witnessed arguments and verbal altercations in their area between April and July, with 41% of those witnessing incidents occurring within their own sub block, 17% with host community and 13% between armed groups.
[ April to July 2021, Cox's Bazar ]  A minority of consultations relate to people's fears of COVID 19, reports of increased illness in the camps, and the experiences of people in quarantine. Despite these concerns, there are far more discussions about the mitigation measures being utilised to contain the spread of the virus and the secondary impacts that those measures create.
[ July 2021, Cox's Bazar ]  A total of 70 Rohingya were detained after they fled from Bhashan Char. 20 Rohingya men who escaped from Bhasan Char were detained in Chattagram on 17 July. The second largest group detained after leaving from Bhasan Char was on 11 July, Police arrested seven children, seven women, and four men in Mireswrai District in Chattogram. While the gender of 13 Bhasan Char fleeing Rohingya was not mentioned by the media, 28% of the identified ones were women.
[ July 2021, Cox's Bazar ]  The illegal Rohingya movement has dominated the news for the entire month of July. The number of arrests rose from 84 in June to 446 Rohingya in July who were arrested by the authorities in various parts of Bangladesh for unauthorized movement.
[ April to July 2021, Cox's Bazar ]  Many respondents report that when they collect their rations and need to sell some items to purchase other essential items, they feel forced to sell their items for a lower price than they would have gotten if they could sell to others in the camps or outside of the camps – further reducing their power as consumers with increase in prices and decrease in worth of rations.
[ July 2021, Cox's Bazar ]  During July there were 70 unnatural deaths in Cox's Bazar. Compared to June, this month has seen a 21% increase in the number of unnatural deaths, primarily caused by the torrential Monsoon downpour. Half of all unnatural deaths were caused by drownings or landslides. The number of road accidents plummeted to six from 16 in June. While the number of murders remained similar to the previous month, four criminal suspects including two Rohingya have been killed in “gunfights' with the security forces in the district – the highest number of “gunfight' deaths in a month since August 2020.
[ April to July 2021, Cox's Bazar ]  LPG: Half of households reported receiving less LPG than they need– especially for larger households of more than 8 members. In qualitative consultations, there are increasing reports of damaged gas stoves which households are struggling to get fixed with humanitarian support. Those that run out before the next distribution or cannot fix their broken stoves must then purchase more LPG or pay for stove repairs by using their savings, going into debt, cooking at someone else's shelter, or seeking alternative fuel sources such as firewood – all of which have been difficult given the camp wide lockdown. Cost of transport and travelling between camps to collect heavy LPG bottles and other assistance was also reported as a challenge by responders with camp lockdowns reducing the availability of transport and increasing the cost of the transport that remains operational.
[ April to July 2021, Cox's Bazar ]  Food Assistance: The return to value based e voucher system from commodity voucher system6 has increased satisfaction and access to food assistance in comparison to last year. However, many households report still struggling to access the amount of food that they need to last the whole month7 , and many households in qualitative consultations report a lack of food diversity as they desire more access to fresh vegetables, fruit, fresh and meat. Larger households in particular report running out of food before the next distribution and having to employ negative coping mechanisms to meet their basic food needs.
[ April to July 2021, Cox's Bazar ]  WASH: Access to water and latrines remains a serious issue for many households. For 19% of households reported extreme challenges to accessing water and another 16% of households reported similar access challenges for latrines. The majority of these reports came from Camps 1W, 6, 9, 8W, and 16. Due to the drastic reduction in humanitarian presence and the impact of monsoon seasons, 29% of households reported their access to water has decreases between April and July, and 27% of surveyed households reported reduction in adequate access to latrines.
[ April to July 2021, Cox's Bazar ]  Despite the continued increase in the number of affected households each year as result of smallscale weather related incidents, the 2019, 2020 and 2021 monsoon seasons are within normal range for monthly cumulative rainfall, according to the Bangladesh Meteorological Department. Although observed rainfall in July 2021 was higher than July 2020 and there was increase in the number of low pressures recorded, April to July in 2021 was also classified as ‘Normal'.14 Though a classification of “normal' does not reflect the intensity of the rainfall events, if damages reported between the 27th to the 31st of July were removed, there is still a higher number of affected households reported between April to July 2021 than recorded in the same period in 2018, 2019 and 2020. There have also been comparable incidents of heavy rains recorded in previous monsoon seasons that did not record the level of impact as the most recent event. Therefore, shelter damages cannot solely be attributed to heavier than average rainfall and may be due to other reasons.
[ April to July 2021, Cox's Bazar ]  It is likely that the impact of small scale weather events and the overall impact of the monsoon in 2021 has been magnified because of the continued use of temporary shelter materials that are not consistently distributed, deterioration of slope conditions after four years and the reduction in monsoon preparedness activities. In interviews, Rohingya attribute the shelters deterioration to the reduction in humanitarian support and an increase in slope failures over successive years of rainfall. Over half of the surveyed households  ( 59% )  report not receiving shelter assistance and another quarter of household  ( 26% )  report receiving less than they required. In an attempt to protect their families and ensure they have somewhere safe and dry to live, 78% of surveyed households report spending money to repair or improve their shelter between April and July 2021.
[ April to July 2021, Cox's Bazar ]  Shelter & Site Development: Over the last four months, shelter and public infrastructure conditions across all surveyed areas reportedly deteriorated due to a lack of maintenance works and distributions. The combination of monsoon, use of temporary materials like bamboo and tarpaulin and the camp lockdown11 has resulted in increased damages to shelters and infrastructure. Under the COVID 19 mitigation and containment measures only emergency responses to shelter and site development damage were permitted with certain exemptions applied to the fire affected camps 9, 8W and 8E that are being rebuilt. COVID 19 restrictions also hindered monsoon preparedness activities preceding the 2020 and 2021 monsoon season
[ April to July 2021, Cox's Bazar ]  The Site Management Site Development  ( SMSD )  Daily Incident Report records the impact of small scale weather related incidents, including slope failure, flooding, lightning, and windstorms across the camps. Between the 1 April and 31 July 2021, 1,727 small scale weather related incidents affected 34,435 households resulting in 21,925 partially damaged shelters, 2,123 completely damaged shelters – more than 10,000 shelters than the previous year.
[ July 2021, Cox's Bazar ]  The primary reason for moving out of Cox's Bazar camps was searching for employment. During the final week of the month, 247 Rohingya were detained in Ramu in several raids by the Upazila administration while they were returning to the camps after failing to find a job outside the camps due to COVID 19 restrictions. On 24 July, 30 Rohingya men were detained by the Ramu Upazila administration The next day, 78 more Rohingya men were detained on 25 July.
[ April to July 2021, Cox's Bazar ]  During interviews, many household heads explained that people lost income between April and July, because of the reduction in humanitarian operations in the camps. In contrast, respondents from camp 8E, 8W and 9 reported an increase in opportunities with humanitarian operations scaling up in response to the fire. The rebuilding of the affected area has resulted in an increase income generating opportunities in these areas. Strict movement restrictions with numerous checkpoints and the decrease availability of transport prevented Rohingya from moving between the camps and hampered households' ability to seek income generating activities outside their camp. The fence surrounding the perimeter continues to prevent many Rohingya from travelling to the host community to buy and sell essential items and work.
[ 19   25 September 2021, Cox's Bazar ]  This week 300 people have tested positive resulting in a total of 22,838 patients having tested COVIDpositive in the district since the start of the pandemic. Likewise, the number of patients who died of COVID 19 has increased to 3 this week bringing the total number of COVID related deaths to 303  ( no Rohingya deaths were reported this week )  since the beginning of the pandemic.
[ April to July 2021, Cox's Bazar ]  The last four months have seen a deterioration in the security of the camps and placed a continued strain on household and community social relationships. As need for resources and income increases in both Rohingya and host communities because of economic pressures from the lockdown, tensions between the two populations are reportedly rising. This combined with movement restrictions and a reduction in humanitarian presence has resulted in deterioration of the security environment where theft, assaults, gender based violence, bribery, corruption and other crimes are perceived to be increasingly common.
[ April to July 2021, Cox's Bazar ]  Prior to large scale flooding between 27 July   2 of August, camp residents extensively discussed the deterioration of shelters, damaged pedestrian infrastructure, increased landslide risks and blocked/ broken drainages as their most serious concern. Interviews reveal increased frustration and contempt towards humanitarians for what camp resident believe were preventable disasters caused by a lack of action and pre monsoon preparatory activities. Many residents believe humanitarian's failure to complete these works led to increased flooding and landslides, but historical rainfall data does show this as a period of significant rainfall since the 2017 influx.
[ April to July 2021, Cox's Bazar ]  Economy: • Limited and reduced earning opportunities due to movement restrictions within and outside the camps. 42% of households reported not having an income in the last four months. • Inflation in local markets within and outside the camps. • Closure of shops, cessation of Cash for Work programs & volunteer opportunities due to COVID 19 mitigation measures.
[ April to July 2021, Cox's Bazar ]  At the end of July, heavy monsoon rains led to windstorms, waterlogging, flash flooding as well as landslides/slope failures across 30 of the 34 camps. This major event directly impacted over 46,500 individuals, displaced over 17,600 people and killed 8 people.1 A combined total of 6,000 shelters were either completely destroyed or partially damaged and in need of urgent repair.2 Heavy rains are compounding an already fragile situation caused by COVID 19 containment and mitigation measures. The risk of landslides, poor shelter conditions and deteriorating pedestrian infrastructure because of monsoon seasons was raised in the majority of qualitative consultations conducted and were a common topic of discussion amongst the community even before July and the aforementioned flood response.
[ April to July 2021, Cox's Bazar ]  As a result, many families point out that the limited shelter support, limited maintenance of drains and slope protection work prior to the heavy monsoon rains as contributing to the negative impact. This has led to a general perception that humanitarians and the COVID 19 containment and mitigation measures are partially to blame for the associated damages of the rains. Many people are frustrated and feel that their complaints and concerns were ignored for many months prior to this event and now their shelters have been severely damaged, and they have been displaced as result of the heavy rains. There is a general sentiment across the camps that humanitarians failed to take action to prevent the flooding and landslide incidents– with some households commenting that they have “shared their problems many times' and did not receive assistance in stabilizing the plot of land their shelters were on or support to repair their shelter that was already leaking before the monsoon rains started. A family from Camp 10 who lost a relative in a landslide caused by the recent heavy monsoon rains reported that humanitarians were to blame for the death of their family member. Because they had complained many times about their shelter's risk of a landslide
[ April to July 2021, Cox's Bazar ]  A full lockdown of the camps 2W, 3, 4, 15, and 24 and COVID 19 programming restrictions were reintroduced on 20th of May due to an increase in positive cases. This included a tightening and increase in COVID 19 containment and mitigation measures across all camps. Only activities that were considered “critical/life sustaining' by the Government of Bangladesh were permitted. Movement restrictions is the most discussed challenge of the COVID 19 containment measures for those consulted. The restriction of movement between camps was enforced by suspending tom toms and rickshaws used by camp residents as public transport from operating in camp boundaries and creating checkpoints within the camp and having a serious impact on the overall welfare of the population.
[ April to July 2021, Cox's Bazar ]  COVID 19 containment and mitigation measures in the camps and national lockdowns created acute covariate shocks and stressors that impacted all households and communities in the study. These measures resulted in a loss of access to income and livelihood sources, inflation in prices inside and outside the camps, and created increased competition for resources between Rohingya and host communities. The continued restriction and impact of the monsoon have also deteriorated access to critical assistance, such as food assistance, water, shelter and health care. Households are also continually deprived of formal education, self reliance activities, and formal governance services that are continuing to impact mental welfare and the populations' ability to create and maintaining safe and supportive social environments.
[ April to July 2021, Cox's Bazar ]  Overall households were more likely to be better off and have better welfare if they had a source of income, did not require expensive medical treatment for their family, or received shelter assistance. Access to income continues to be the largest determinant of welfare and provides households coping capacity. Households that lost their income, already had large debts preceding April 2021, had a family member fall ill or experienced other events that require capital to recover were forced to make increasingly hard decisions and rely on negative coping to survive. Negative coping mechanism such as borrowing from relatives, selling assistance, or leaving the camps in search of income have become either increasingly ineffective or no longer possible. This has pushed many households into more extreme measures such as selling labour in advance, skipping meals, begging, attempted self repatriation, joining criminal groups and resorting to criminal activity
[ April to July 2021, Cox's Bazar ]  Health: The most commonly reported illnesses over the past 4 months reported through Early Warning, Alert and Response System  ( EWARS )  were Acute Respiratory Infection  ( ARI ) , diarrheal diseases and unexplained fever.8 According to the WHO situation report covering 5 18th of July, there was at least one confirmed Cholera case across 16 different camps in Kutupalong Balukhali Expansion.9 The report also highlights an increase in confirmed COVID 19 cases – with 184 cases reported in week 28 with a test positivity rate of 14.8%, in comparation to the 123 confirmed cases in week 26, with a test positivity rate 10.0%.10 Through community and household discussions, those consulted report that children in particular over the last four months have been affected by seasonal diseases, including skin diseases, chicken pox, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. Reports of fever and diarrhea in adults and older persons are also commonly discussed at community and household level. People are reporting increase in insects and rats in shelters and leaky roofs as causes of health problems. An increase in mosquitoes combined with a lack access to mosquito nets is resulting in an increase in concerns over dengue and other diseases. Official reports of illness may be underreported. Because between April and July, access to the health care was reported as challenging due to movement restrictions, continued distrust in health facilities and the prevalence of COVID 19 in the camps caused confusion regarding whether the health care services were open for those with non COVID 19 related illnesses.
[ April to July 2021, Cox's Bazar ]  In total, half of household respondents  ( 51% )  believe that they have less access to adequate healthcare than they need and 25% report no access to adequate healthcare services. Some believe that the health facility in their area is not open due to COVID 19 restrictions. Transportation to large clinics was extremely difficult for family members with sick relatives. Many people described carrying patients' long distances because there was no tomtoms available during COVID 19 restrictions and having to negotiate their way through various checkpoints when traveling between the camps to reach the large primary health clinics or hospitals. In addition, seeking permission to leave the camps to access more specific treatment or more specialised diagnosis in the large hospitals in Cox's Bazar was reportedly more difficult and expensive because of the lockdown. Resultingly, all research locations reported that there were people going into debt to ensure their access to private clinics that they believe will help them. Only 22 out of the 243 households surveyed reported not spending any money on medication within the reporting period  ( see economy section ) .
[ April to July 2021, Cox's Bazar ]  Protection, Education, & MHPSS Services: The major programs that the Government of Bangladesh do not consider “life saving' such as livelihood programs, Gender Based Violence  ( GBV )  programs, safe spaces, MHPSS activities, and education services have been suspended. Temporary Learning Centres  ( TLCS )  have been closed since the beginning of the pandemic in Bangladesh in April 2020. Children and adolescents who cannot afford to pay for private tutoring from Rohingya teachers in the camps have been without education for almost 18 months. The loss of access to education, skills development and livelihood programs impacts households' economy. But households and community report that it also greatly impacts their mental wellbeing, because they lack purpose and cannot see a future for their family and the future generations. Households value education so much that many have reported skipping meals and going into debt to ensure some of their children can attend informal tuition sessions based on the Myanmar curriculum run by other Rohingya in the camps or in religious based educational institutions.
[ April to July 2021, Cox's Bazar ]  The COVID 19 containment and mitigation measures have severely impacted household access to income sources and the nationwide lockdown has led to inflation within local markets. In the last four months, the restrictions have resulted in a decrease in opportunities to work for humanitarian organisations because of a cessation to cash for work programs and a reduction in daily work opportunities due to movement restrictions. Movement restrictions have further reduced people's ability to seek other income generating opportunities, worsened negative coping strategies and contributed to general inflation. Of the 243 households that were surveyed in July, 42% of household respondents had no access to income since April 2021. The households which had access to income were more likely to be households containing members that can speak a language in addition to Rohingya, had a male head of household, were a community leader, and were larger in household size. The majority of respondents earned income through work with humanitarian organization as volunteers or cash for work participants. Only 37 household, had more than one income source and almost all of households contained had at least one member with a high school education or above. Over half of households with an income source reported a drop income over the last three months, with only 25% of households reporting consistent earnings over the last four months
[ January   March 2021, Cox's Bazar ]  Teknaf upazila  ( 70 HH )  had a slightly higher number of households that reported facing eviction threat compared to Ukhiya upazila  ( 62 HH ) . In Ukhiya: Camp 1E  ( 22% )  had the highest proportion of households that reported facing a threat because they were unable to pay rent and Camp 24  ( 6% )  had the highest proportion of households that faced threats because host community wanted their land back
[ April to July 2021, Cox's Bazar ]  Shop owners whose shops remained opened also explained that their income has drastically reduced and many have had to sell their shops because they have been unable to restock their supplies due to market inflation caused by an increase cost in the transportation of goods into the camps or local markets. There are also reports of increased cost of wholesale goods purchased from the host community by store owners; because the host community has also been subject to increased transportation costs and inflationary pressure. These reports are corroborated by WFP's monthly market monitoring for April 2021 which reported similar findings with regards to challenges faced by vendors while also identifying an increase in prices of key food commodities. Many respondents are unaware of the inflation that is occurring outside of the camps, across Bangladesh, and as a result attribute the inflation of prices to the host community adding a tax to the wholesale goods and trying to “rob them' by charging increased amounts to import items and purchase wholesale goods.