niryuu/sni-each-converted huggingface dataset:
In one story, a goddess was persuaded by a fox to sleep with this figure, and she subsequently fathered eight gods who could cure eight different body parts. This deity was sometimes known as the "Lord of semen," and in one story his semen caused seven different types of plants to sprout from the earth. This figure asked a sun god to make footprints in the ground so that he could fill them with water, giving life to a barren island called Dilmun. This figure saved humanity by warning Atrahasis of a coming flood and, in another story, the misfortunes of humans were a result of a contest between this figure and Ninhursag. This figure causes a confusion of tongues in a speech to Enmerkar, and he was sometimes represented as half-goat and half-fish. Commonly called the "Lord of Abzu," this figure ruled from the city of Eridu and in one story was seduced by the goddess Inanna. For 10 points, identify this Sumerian deity of knowledge, fertility, and water, who was later identified with the Babylonian Ea.
Output: Social Science
According to Howard Becker's work on labeling theory, this phenomenon causes labeling that stands for cultural outrage. Travis Hirschi formulated the "self-control theory" of this phenomenon. Cesare Lombroso's anthropological studies led him to conclude a biological basis for this phenomenon. Merton's strain theory posits that anomie might lead a person to pursue this activity, which at law typically has the elements of actus reus and mens rea. For 10 points, name this kind of deviance, which violates prescribed law and is subject to prosecution.
Output: Social Science
The Frankland synthesis makes organometallic compounds of this element. Dialkyl derivatives of this element are transmetallation agents in the Negishi coupling. The carbonate ore of this element is smithsonite, while its silicate is hemimorphite. Franklinite is a spinel of this metal but its most important source is sphalerite ore . This element is present in the active sites of carboxypeptidase and carbonic anhydrase, while a method of transforming alpha-haloesters to beta-hydroxy-esters uses an enolate of this metal and is named for Reformatsky. This metal is also coordinated to two cysteine and two histidine residues in some DNA binding domains, its namesake fingers. For ten points, name this transition metal with atomic number 30 and chemical symbol Zn.
Output: Science
This author gave an account of a boy who declared "Boy, I can do anything now" after his circumcision in a work that claims that boys long for circumcision and that that longing is due to menstruation and vagina envy; that is his essay "Symbolic Wounds. " This author analyzed the effects on emigration of communal child rearing in The Children of the Dream. Alan Dundes criticizes this author for claiming that most cultures do not distinguish myth from folktale in one work; in that work, he ignores the masturbatory implications of Jack acquiring a harp that plays by itself and neglects Roheim's reading of oral fixation into Little Red Riding Hood. This author of "Individual and Mass Behavior in Extreme Situations" claimed that maternal frigidity led to autism in The Empty Fortress and suggested that the title stories would provide children a way to cope with life's problems in his most famous work. For 10 points, name this author of a Freudian analysis of fairy titles entitled The Uses of Enchantment.
Output: Literature
An early battle in this conflict resulted in the death of Henry Beaufort's father Edmond. Before this conflict, Elizabeth Woodville was supposedly Margaret of Anjou's Maid of Honor. This conflict included battles at Tewkesbery and Saint Albans, the latter of which was a victory for the "Kingmaker" Richard Neville. Another battle in this conflict resulted in the death of (*) Richard III and the beginning of Henry VII's Tudor dynasty. The Battle of Bosworth Field occurred in, for ten points, what series of wars between the Houses of Lancaster and York named after their red and white flower symbols
Output: History
Ludovic Halevy wrote most of the libretto for this four-act opera, though he had to share the billing with Meilhac [MY-lak]. The composer was criticized for borrowing from popular melodies, particularly the one he expropriated from Sebastian Radier for the famous Habanera. Le Remendado is a tenor and Le Dancaire is a baritone, but of course most celebrated is the titular soprano, made famous by Celestine Galli-Marie. The plot concerns the love for the heroine by both Escamillo and Don Jose, who kills her. Based on a work by Prosper Merimee, FTP, name this most famous opera of George Bizet.
Output: Fine Arts
The speaker of one poem by this author states, "They send me to eat in the kitchen, when company comes. " The speaker of another of his poems says, "I like a pipe for a Christmas present, or records  Bessie, bop, or Bach. " Aside from "I, Too" and "Theme for English B," he wrote a poem which asks "Does it dry up like a raisin in the sun," referring to a dream deferred. He also wrote about the Euphrates, the Congo, and other rivers in "The Negro Speaks of Rivers. " For 10 points, name this Harlem Renaissance poet who wrote The Weary Blues.
Output: Literature
In the upper right of one of this artist's paintings, a man in a purple robe with an orange sash stands out in a sea of figures in grey and yellow. In lieu of a signature, many of his paintings show a hand gesture where the middle and ring fingers are held together and the other two splay out. This man showed a blue-clad St. John raising his arms to heaven on the left of his Opening of the Fifth Seal, and showed the gold-robed saints Stephen and Augustine by the title armor-clad nobleman in Burial of the Count of Orgaz. For 10 points, name this Spanish Renaissance painter of elongated figures, who painted his adoptive home in View of Toledo after emigrating from Crete.
Output: Fine Arts
One player of this instrument released the album Speak No Evil and directed Art Blakey's Jazz Messengers before co-founding Weather Report with Joe Zawinhul. Another man who played this instrument frequently performed with his younger brother Nat and released the song "Mercy, Mercy, Mercy." Besides Wayne Shorter and Cannonball Adderley, another player of this instrument was inspired by his daughter to write the song "Naima." The albums Giant Steps and A Love Supreme were recorded by a man who played this instrument. For 10 points, name this instrument whose "alto" variety was played by John Coltrane.
Output: Fine Arts
In spite of this composer's anti-Semitism, the fourth work in his Opus 17 has come to be known as "The Jew". He incorporated the cello into his early chamber work Grand Duo on Themes from Robert the Devil, but is better known for piano works, including a famous Fantasy-Impromptu that he disliked so much he refused to have it published. He gained fame for his intimate drawing-room performances of works like the "Military" and "Heroic" Polonaises and his Second Piano Sonata, containing his famous funeral march. FTP, who was this French composer of Polish descent responsible for the "Minute" Waltz
Output: Fine Arts
The extraction process for this element requires grinding it up and leeching with sulfuric acid, converting its dioxide into a trioxide. Afterwards, it is enriched by adding elemental fluorine to form its hexafluoride, which is then converted back into the dioxide for conversion into the pellets for its best known use. Available from the pitchblende, this element converts into thorium and potassium in the Earth's core and contains the radioactive 238 isotope. For 10 points, identify this actinide used in nuclear power plants, symbolized U.
Output: Science
Realism and Imagination in Ethics and Good and Evil: An Absolute Conception were among the works inspired by this man's namesake school of realism. He claims "Rules of life are dressed up in pictures" in Culture and Value, and in one work this man used the Beetle-in-a-box thought experiment to show that private things become public once expressed. Saul Kripke wrote about [This Man] on Rules and Private Language, and he responded to G.E. Moore's attack on skepticism with On Certainty. Author of the Philosophical Investigations, FTP, identify this Austrian philosopher who also wrote some Blue and Brown Books and the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus.
Output: Social Science
This war was a vehicle for personal disputes between the Duke of Somerset and "the Kingmaker," Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick. A sun dog was witnessed before this war's Battle of Mortimer's Cross. One battle of this war saw the forces of Edward IV defeat those of Margaret of Anjou. Including the Battle of Tewkesbury, this war began when [*] Henry VI was captured at St. Alban's. Ending with Henry Tudor's defeat of Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth Field, for 10 points, name this English war fought between the Houses of Lancaster and York, which were represented by red and white versions of its namesake flower.
Output: History
Isidore of Miletus wrote an apocryphal addition to one work of this man. His Phaenomena was of use to astronomers and he countered Aristotelean thought in his Optics. He is the namesake of a proof of the unbounded number of primes and an algorithm for computing GCD. His most read work is a textbook consisting of thirteen books ranging in subject from number theory to three dimensional solids. That work is the source of (*) five particular postulates. For 10 points, name this Alexandrian author of the Elements and namesake of the traditional type of geometry.
Output: Social Science
Nathan Schlanger collected several of this mans works in the 2006 work Techniques, Technology and Civilization, while a counterexample to one of his best known ideas involving Jain gastropolitics is provided in Riches and Renunciation by James Laidlaw. Sociology and Anthropology, a collection of his essays, was published in the year of his death, 1950. This inventor of the phrase total social fact is best known for a work, which is subtitled The Form and Reason for Exchange in Archaic Societies and discusses reciprocity and voluntary exchange. FTP, name this French sociologist and author of The Gift.
Output: Social Science
Marriage ceremonies in this culture involved a matchmaker tying the groom's cape to the bride's blouse. The city-state of Cholula allied with this empire in an attempt to defeat one army. Friar Bernardino compiled the Florentine Codex to describe the customs of these people, who fought the (*) Flower Wars to acquire sacrificial captives. Before defeating a force assisted by La Malinche during La Noche Triste, this civilization intentionally damaged the bridges leading to their capital Tenochtitlan. For ten points, identify this Meso-American empire, once led by Moctezuma and conquered by the Spanish under Cortes.
Output: History
One of this poet's works addresses the title character by saying "My tongue had taught thee comfort, touch had quenched thy tears;" that character, a sick child, would eventually be "powerful amidst peers" at the "random grim forge. " That poem, "Felix Randal," appeared in the same collection as one that calls the title month "Mary's Month," entitled "May Magnificat. " Also the author of "As Kingfishers Catch Fire," another poem asks why the title concept would "lay a lionlimb against me" and or scan "With darksome devouring eyes my bruisd bones" The title concept of a further poem "over the bent World broods with warm breast and with ah! bright wings. "The author of "Carrion Comfort" and "God's Grandeur," for 10 points, identify this poet who wrote about a "dapple dawn-drawn falcon" in his work "The Windhover,"
Output: Literature
This ruler parodied Christs entry into Jerusalem in the Most Drunken Synod, and gave control of church property to the Monastery Chancellery. He took power after overthrowing Golitisin and Sofia and later imprisoned his son Alexei, before defeating Charles XII at the Battle of Poltava to win the Great Northern War. For 10 points, name this man who imposed a head and beard tax in order to pay for his creation of Russias navy and modernized Russia during his rule from 1682 to 1725.
Output: History
This author's first novel is divided into two parts, the first of which ends with Martin being stabbed by a man who writes a report on Vietnam War propaganda named Eugene Dawn. He also created a character that moves in with the bedridden amputee Paul Rayment in one novel and, in another, becomes famous for The House on Eccles Street. This creator of Elizabeth Costello wrote novels about a professor who regularly meets with the prostitute Soraya but loses his job after a charge of sexual harassment and about a harelipped gardener who takes his mother's ashes to St. Albert. For 10 points, name this author who won Booker Prizes for Disgrace and The Life and Times of Michael K.
Output: Literature
One of this author's novels features the discussion of a flowered carpet, which ends with Gradgrind chanting "fact, fact, fact!". In another of his works, Nell Trent dies after Daniel Quilp takes possession of the title locale from her gambling grandfather. In addition to writing (*) Hard Times and The Old Curiosity Shop, this author wrote a novel whose protagonist befriends convict Abel Magwich and loves Estella, the ward of Miss Havisham. For ten points, name this English author who detailed the life of the orphan "Pip" in Great Expectations.
Output: Literature
This quantity and the change in free energy change are plotted on an Ellingham diagram. The conjugate variable of entropy is this quantity, which is related to surface tension by the Eotvos rule. It decreases for gases in the Joule-Thomson effect, and a voltage is created by differences in this quantity in the Seebeck effect. Pressure and this quantity appear on a phase diagram. Average kinetic energy depends on this quantity, which is constant in isothermal processes. For 10 points, name this quantity measured on scales named for Celsius and Fahrenheit.
Output: Science
Elliott Antokoletz argues that a certain treaty inspired this composer's "expansion in range" technique in his third string quartet, which begins with sections called "prima parte" and "seconda parte" and introduced his namesake pizzicato. He wrote a work based on a colinda in which nine sons are turned into stags, while another piece opens with a group of "Unison Melodies" and ends with six pieces dedicated to Harriet Cohen. This composer of Cantata Profana wrote a work parodying Shostakovich's "invasion" theme in the "intermezzo interrotto" fourth movement and wrote a collection of 153 instructional piano pieces titled Mikrokosmos. He wrote an opera ending when Judith opens the seventh door of the title location to uncover the three former wives of her husband. For 10 points, name this composer of Concerto for Orchestra and Duke Bluebeard's Castle who collected Hungarian folk songs.
Output: Fine Arts
After the 202nd Paratroop division crossed the Mitla pass during this event, Gur's commandos sought refuge at the "Saucer" before a proper raid on a set of positions known as the "Hedgehog" could commence. One part of this event included a military operation codenamed Musketeer, which saw the Newfoundland sink the corvette Damietta and the Ibrahim Al-Awal captured. Indirect factors that precipitated this event included the dismissal of Sir John Glubb from head of the Jordanian army, as well as the signing of an agreement between Turkey and Iraq that created the predecessor organization to CENTO signed in Baghdad. As a result of this event, Eisenhower instructed Humphrey to prepare the sale of British Sterling Bonds and PM Eden burned all of the British copies of the proceedings of a meeting to plan this event, which were conducted in a Paris suburb, called the Protocol of Sevres. Initiated under Operation Kadesh by Israel, and though it was less polarizing for Mollet's cabinet it eventually led to Eden's resignation. Finally ended by a U. S. -led UN Resolution for a cease fire, for 10 points, name this crisis prompted by Gamal Abdel Nasser's nationalization of the eponymous waterway.
Output: History
This author described the "false patriotic wreath" in a country populated with "humble, hungry, mean" people in "Let America be America Again." In another poem by this writer, the speaker recalls how he has "built my hut near the Congo" and "bathed in the Euphrates." In another of his poems, a Negro "did a lazy sway" while playing the title (*) tune. For 10 points, name this author of "The Negro Speaks of Rivers" and "The Weary Blues," a leading figure in the Harlem Renaissance.
Output: Literature
In one of this mans works, the Captain and his wife torment each other, along with relatives like Alices cousin Kurt and their daughter Judith. In another, the daughter of a Vedic god descends to Earth to learn about human beings problems. Additionally, this man wrote about his life in the context of his mothers origins in Son of a Servant. Both The Dance of Death and A Dream Play were written as part of the Symbolic movement, which also inspired this author to write The Chamber Plays, which include The Pelican and The Ghost Sonata. Earlier, as part of the Naturalist movement, he had written such works as Master Olaf and The Red Room. FTP, name this playwright from Stockholm who wrote Miss Julie.
Output: Literature
Its opening scene begins with an Allegro Giusto movement and shows the protagonist on the eve of his coming-of-age ceremony, celebrating with his friend Benno and his drunk tutor Wolfgang. To escape the Queen Mother's reminders of his eventual need to marry, the protagonist goes hunting in the forest and is discovered by the evil wizard Von Rothbart, who plots to have his daughter Odile seduce the hero and prevent him from breaking the curse placed upon Odette. Such is the story of Prince Sigfried, in, FTP, what Tchaikovsky ballet about a maiden who spends her days in the form of a white bird in the title pond
Output: Fine Arts
His first election to parliament saw him replace John Martin, and a lack of response from a later prime minister led him to issue the "vote-Tory" manifesto. He successfully won a lawsuit against The Times concerning Richard Piggott, and was the main influence behind the "No Rent" manifesto which was abandoned in the 'Kilmainham treaty. ' Though popular as the first president of the Land League, forged letters surfaced claiming that this man had supported the Pheonix Park murders, and the IPP rejected his leadership after he was named in a divorce proceeding between William and Kitty O'Shea. FTP, name this chief advocate of Irish home rule during the 1880s.
Output: History
Two years after its conclusion, forces of Father Kostadin Buvski and Leonid Vulgaris met at Gremen to decry it as ineffective. Romania was forced to exchange South Bessarabia to Russia for Dobruja, and the newly created Greater Bulgaria was further divided into North Bulgaria, Eastern Rumelia, and Macedonia. Its eventual mediator offered himself as an "honest broker" between nations represented by Alexander Karatheodori and Alexander Gorchakov, although all of the signers of the 1856 Treaty of Paris were present. FTP, name this meeting convened to rethink the Treaty of San Stefano, an 1878 conference chaired by Otto von Bismarck in the German capital.
Output: History
This work features a 3/2 Vivace of its composer's earlier aria "Sento la Gioia" from the opera Amadigi, which provides the central melody for the celebrated "Alla Hornpipe" movement. The "Bouree" and "Air" movements of are found in the first section according to Samuel Arnold's authoritative edition of this work. Beginning with a French overture, it consists of three suites in F, D, and G major, while it is often paired with "Music for Royal Fireworks" in performance. For 10 points, name this series of pieces written to accompany the procession of the George I's royal barge on the River Thames by George Friedrich Handel.
Output: Fine Arts
The Choke Mountains are an important bird-watching area in this country, as is Lake Chew Bahir, which is located near its southern border. The Danakil desert is shared by this country and its northern neighbor and is home to the Afar people. Gonder is among its larger cities and is home to castles constructed by Iyasu II, and its city of Adama was once called Nazareth. This country's Lake Tana is the source of the Blue Nile, and it is involved in the dispute over the Ogaden region with its eastern neighbor Somalia. For 10 points, name this nation which neighbors Sudan and has capital Addis Ababa.
Output: Social Science
One coupling reaction links an aryl halide with an acetylide of this metal, while in another reaction it is used as a catalyst to link an alkyne and a bromoalkyne. In addition to the Castro-Stephens and the Cadiot-Chodkiewicz coupling, alkenyl compounds of this element can be created via the Normant reaction. The iodide of this element is a catalyst in the (*) Gatterman-Koch reaction, and this element is present in the A solution of the Fehling test. Gilman reagents contain lithium and this other metal, while the 2+ ion of this element forms a bright blue solution. For 10 points, name this element, a metal used in electroplating and plumbing, with atomic number 29 and symbol Cu.
Output: Science
One example of this phenomenon is chiral autocatalysis from apparently racemic solutions, while in another context, this term applies to asynchronous protein cascades involved in coagulation. This concept was defined by Krasnoselski using the theory nonlinear dynamics and nonlinear operators, and the energy lost through this phenomenon is given by the Steinmetz equation. A model of this phenomenon based on monocrystals was devised by Weiss, while a model of it whose building blocks are relay nonlinearities is named after Preisach. A form of this phenomenon results in an example of self-organized criticality known as the Barkhausen effect, and the characteristic loop produced by this phenomenon appears on the graph of magnetization versus magnetic field strength. For ten points, identify this phenomenon in which a material exhibits a "memory," or a time-lagging dependence on applied stress.  
Output: Science
Anquetil Duperron's 1775 French and Latin translations of them brought them to the West. The last of them, the Muktika, consists primarily of the catalogue, making the Advaita canon self-referential. There are approximately ten "principal" ones, regarded as Sruti, or sacred texts, including the Isha, which describes the nature of the Supreme Being, and the Prashna, which describes six pupils asking their master Pippalada a question each about nature of the universe and of Hinduism. They would later be a major influence on Arthur Schopenhauer, who praised them greatly in his work The World as Will and Representation. For ten points, name these sacred Hindu texts, comprised of approximately 100 commentaries on the Vedas.  
Output: Social Science
Though he persuaded Melancomas to abdicate, he neglected his city's public affairs, and his aristocratic air led the citizens to give him a name meaning "he who rails at the people. " He distrusted the senses because they fail to comprehend phenomena as universal harmony, but believed in the soul, which he thought was formed via condensation. After his death, his doctrine of "becoming as actuality" was spread by his chief exponent, Cratylus. Known for his belief that the world was derived from fire, FTP, name this philosopher who summed up his belief in flux by saying "no man can step in the same river twice. "
Output: Social Science
One character in this work claims that Napoleon appointed him as a page boy, and steals money from Ledediev to give to his mistress before having a crisis of conscience and putting it back. That character's son is friends with Ptitsyn, a money-lender who marries Varya Ivolgin. Burdovsky claims that he's the son of Pavlishchev, and demands inheritance money from the protagonist, who is forced to choose between the romantic Aglaya Yepanchin and the eccentric Nastassya Filippovna. Beginning with a trip to St. Petersburg in which the protagonist meets Parfyon Rogozhin, for ten points, name this novel about the epileptic Prince Myshkin, by Dostoyevsky.
Output: Literature
In one of this mans plays, the crippled Major Magnus Muldoon turns out to be his own half-brother Albert in disguise. Another of his plays features a singer-actress who retired after seeing TV reports of a moon landing. The title character is identified as the third-string critic Puckeridge after Moon joins the action onstage in this mans The Real Inspector Hound, and Inspector Bones reveals that he is a big fan of Dotty Moore in his play Jumpers. A teenage girl named Thomasina predicts the heat death of the universe in one of his plays, and the title characters of another of his plays watch a rehearsal of The Murder of Gonzago. FTP name this author of Arcadia and Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead.
Output: Literature
This thinker called the gratification of emotions "affectivity" which he contrasted with "neutrality" in\n his discussion of "pattern variables." His students Wilbert Moore and Kingsley Davis expanded his\n educational theories about people finding the appropriate job in society to create the theory of role\n allocation. He outlined adaptation, goal attainment, integration, and latency as the four components of his\n "AGIL" paradigm and his best-known work offers a "voluntaristic" methodology to define the "unit act."\n For 10 points, name this Harvard sociologist who pioneered his action theory in The Structure of Social\n Action.
Output: Social Science
One member of this phylum, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, is often used to study developmental processes, and another, Pisaster ochraceus, is an example of a keystone species. Most members of this phylum have pedicellariae that possess three jaws, and some have a chewing apparatus known as Aristotle's lantern. Members of class Asteroidea of this phylum have an ambulacral groove, and the madreporite is the entrance to their water vascular system that includes tube feet. FTP name this phylum whose "spiny skinned" members have radial symmetry and include sand dollars, sea urchins, and sea stars.
Output: Social Science
A composition by this composer subtitled "a study for 23 strings" quotes the funeral march from Beethoven's Eroica; that piece is Metamorphosen. The last movement of this composer's first tone poem quotes the popular tune "Funiculi, funicula," and the score to another tone poem was published with a poem by Alexander Ritter. In addition to Aus Italien and Death and Transfiguration, he composed a "Rondeau Form for Large Orchestra" that depicts a character who mocks religion, flirts with women, and ends up on the scaffold. Another work opens with a brass fanfare depicting sunrise. For 10 points, identify this German composer of Till Eulenspiegel's Merry Pranks and Also sprach Zarathustra.
Output: Fine Arts
One work by this artist depicts the title Greek god sitting with buttocks submerged in a bucket and cloven feet sticking straight up in the air. The largest collection of this artist's works outside of his home country is in a museum in Philadelphia that re-opened in July of 2012. In one work by this artist of Bacchus in a Vat, a naked man sprawls back-to-back on the body of his naked lover, stretching his arms out to embrace her as she clutches her head. The six title men with nooses round their necks walk towards their execution in one of his sculptures. Fugit Amor is one of his many depictions of Paolo and Francesca, including the The Kiss, which feature as part of his largest work, which also includes a pensive man resting his chin on his fist. For 10 points, name this French sculptor of The Burghers of Calais, whose The Gates of Hell group contains his The Thinker.
Output: Fine Arts
This function is approximated for large numbers by Stirling's approximation. The traveling salesman problem can be solved in Big O of this function. The pi function and gamma function extend this function to complex numbers. This function appears in the denominator of the Taylor series of polynomials, and this function is said to grow faster than all polynomial and exponential functions. Often used with combinations and permutations, for 10  points, name this mathematical function, defined as the product of all positive integers less than or equal to n, denoted by an exclamation point.
Output: Science
Members of this phylum possess gelatinous mesohyl regions through which food-collecting amoebocytes travel. Most are hermaphrodites, lack nerves and muscles, and were not regarded as animals until the eighteenth century. Water flows through the osculum in and out of the central cavity, called the spongocoel. FTP, identify this invertebrate phylum which includes the sponges.
Output: Science
At one point in this story, Mr. Cutlets asks the narrator if he is familiar with the forger Monroe Edwards, who bore a resemblance to the title character. The narrator recalls the Colt-Adams murder case shortly after realizing that the title character has not left accepted his payment learns that it is not impaired vision that prevents him from carrying out his duties. The title character of this story works with two men who swap productivity during the day because of dyspepsia and alcoholism. Despite the attempts of the jailer at the Tombs, this storys titular former employee of the Dead Letter office and co-worker of Nippers, Turkey, and Ginger Nut is found dead. For 10 points, name this Herman Melville short story whose title character is a copyist who often responds with I would prefer not to.
Output: Literature
These entities are modeled by the three-dimensional AIM model, which is an arm of the "activation-synthesis" theory that describes their cause as random activations of cells. Many evolutionary biologists theorize that they aid in problem solving. An older theory suggested that these entities contain manifest and latent content and use (*) symbolic meaning as a means of censorship. For 10 points, name these phenomena which were analyzed in a Sigmund Freud book titled after their "interpretation."
Output: Social Science
One god of these people created the moon by tossing his sister's head into the sky after defeating her and his 400 brothers. After being impregnated by a ball of feathers, another deity of these people gave birth to twins, one of whom fights Tezcatlipoca (tez-KAHT-lee-POH-kuh) and is depicted as a "feathered serpent." For 10 points, name these Mesoamerican people who misidentified Hernan Cortes to be their god Quetzalcoatl (KET-zul-koh-AH-tul).
Output: Social Science
In a material with this property, the remanence refers to its magnitude in the absence of a driving force, while coercivity measures how strong a field is needed to remove this property. Its lack of retraceability is noted by a hysteresis loop, and this phenomenon can be attributed to the unfilled energy levels in the 3d level of certain elements. The susceptibility of materials possessing this property can be determined by the Curie-Weiss law beyond a specific point. It is a result of permanent unpaired dipoles within domains that line up with an imposed magnetic field due to long range ordering. Once materials exhibiting this property surpass the Curie temperature, they tend to behave as paramagnets. FTP, name this form of magnetism common to particular metals, most notably observed in nickel, cobalt, and iron.
Output: Science
This man examined the development of consciousness in a 1978 Dialectica article titled Natural Selection and the Emergence of the Mind, while this man collaborated with Sir John Eccles on The Self and its Brain. Some of this mans notes were published in 1982 as The Open Universe. One work by this man proposes the rule that C.P. plus E.S. equals U.P. and divides its titular concept into naturalistic and anti-naturalistic versions. Another of this mans works contains a chapter titled The High Tide of Prophecy, which criticizes three 19th century thinkers. This man traces the lines of thought he criticizes to Heraclitus and Plato, whom this author of Objective Knowledge accuses of furthering the Myth of Origin and Destiny. For ten points, name this fan of falsifiability and critic of Fascism, a philosopher of science who wrote The Poverty of Historicism and The Open Society and its Enemies.
Output: Social Science
A subgroup of this phylum is considered paraphyletic because of its non- parasitic nature; that subgroup is Turbellaria. Another species in this phylum grows large numbers of proglottids, which detach and release eggs. These organisms extract reusable material and send it into other cavities by using flame cells. This phylum is the cause of the second-most devastating parasitic disease, schistosomiasis. Because they lack an internal body cavity, they are classified as acoelomates. Name this phylum of flatworms which includes planaria and tapeworms.
Output: Science
Lord Darcy was executed on suspicion of sympathizing with this movement, which was put down by Thomas Howard, the Duke of Norfolk. Starting in Louth, this uprising was led by (*) Robert Aske from Yorkshire, and it targeted not only religious change but also enclosure. For 10 points name this 1536 peasant action against England's Reformation, a challenge to the rule of Henry VIII.
Output: History
One leading political group in this country signaled its changing affinity for Communism by adding and then dropping the phrase party of labor from its name. Militant groups in this country were founded by Holden Roberto and Agostinho Neto in the 1950s, though the National Front for Liberation became less relevant by the 1990s, ceding the leftist position in national politics to the MPLA. Its civil war was briefly ended by a pact signed in another country, the Lusaka Accord, but clashes resumed and in 2002, government troops killed Jonas Savimbi, the leader of UNITA. A proxy war between Cuba and South Africa had previously raged in, for 10 points, what former Portuguese colony on Africas south Atlantic coast
Output: History
This composer parodied Gounod's Air des Bijoux in a coloratura aria that requires the soprano to laugh hysterically while declaring, "If I'm not pure, at least my jewels are!" That aria, "Glitter and Be Gay," is sung by Cunegonde in this man's opera Candide. In another of his compositions, a girl feels "pretty and witty and gay" in a bridal shop after being serenaded by Tony, who is delighted that he has "just met a girl named Maria." For 10 points, identify this composer who depicted a conflict between the Jets and the Sharks in his musical West Side Story.
Output: Fine Arts
One author from this country wrote a work in response to a 1968 massacre of student protesters   subtitled "Critique of the Pyramid". Another author from this country wrote a novel in which the  title character recalls his son, who was killed in the Spanish Civil War. That author from this country   wrote a work, featuring the fictional American Harriet Winslow, that was inspired by Ambrose  Bierce's mysterious death. Name this country whose works have included the novel The Death of  Artemio Cruz  by Carlos Fuentes and the essay The Labyrinth of Solitude  by Octavio Paz.
Output: Literature
Its upper portion forms the top part of the greater curvature. The lesser curvature, which also begins at the cardiac orifice, is about four times shorter than the greater curvature, so it is described as J-shaped. Its volume increases when the rugae are stretched. Parietal cells produce intrinsic factor, necessary for vitamin B12 absorption, and a chemical that activates the zymogen secreted by chief cells. Gelatinase, amylase lipase and pepsin participate in breaking down boli, producing chyme which passes through the pyloric sphincter into the duodenum. FTP, name this organ that lies between the esophagus and small intestine.
Output: Science
The main character of this play denies eating macaroons in the first act. The card that the syphilitic Dr. Rank sends this work's protagonist is overshadowed by another letter, and Kristine Linde is a childhood friend of the protagonis.. The bank employee Krogstad tries to blackmail the protagonist of this work regarding her forging of a loan. This play ends with Torvald forgiving his wife and begging her to reconsider her decision to leave the family. For 10 points, name this play about Nora Helmer, a work by Henrik Ibsen.
Output: Literature
This event occurred once townspeople assembled at Joseph Sabin's tavern, after Captain Lindsey of the Hannah arrived at Namquid Point. Ephraim Bowen, the last survivor of it, wrote of the ordeal in 1839, naming a Mr. John Brown among those responsible. Restaurant owner Joseph Bucklin shot Captain William Dudingston and Abraham Whipple led a party of arsonists after being warned to stay away from a grounded schooner. FTP, name this incident in which Rhode Islanders burned a vessel sent to enforce the Stamp Act.
Output: History
Cross linking in this protein occurs when two oxidized derivatives of lysine link up; the amount of cross linking that occurs in this protein increases with age. This protein contains three left handed helices which combine to form a triple helix. About one third of this protein is amino acid is glycine; this protein also consists of hydroxyproline. A lack of ascorbic acid causes an inability to synthesize hydroxyproline, causing a breakdown of this protein in the gums in a disease called scurvy. For 10 points, name this elastic protein found in connective tissue, skin and cartilage.
Output: Science
This work usually has appended to it a similar work about Do-Well, Do-Better, and Do-Best, and its three texts are known as A, B, and C, the last of which contains a number of autobiographical passages. Prior to the introduction of the title character, the narrator follows a noble to Westminster, where she agrees to marry a knight after an attempt at incestuous marriage is broken up; thus is the story of Lady Fee, the daughter of Falsehood, who tries to marry both Fraud and Conscience. The narrator of this poem is drawn to the title character, who sets the world to work, through the advice of Holy Church after he falls asleep in the Malvern Hills. FTP, name this alliterative allegorical work by William Langland about a tiller of the soil.
Output: Literature
One provision of this agreement allowed for Lithuania to annex Memmel, and another gave Rwanda and Burundi to Belgium. This treaty limited one signatory's army to 15,000 men, and China rejected it because it did not receive(*) Shandong. Vittorio Orlando was not able obtain Fiume, causing resentment in Italy. The terms of this treaty were resisted by a coalition led by Henry Cabot Lodge, leading to its rejection in the United States. For 10 points, identify this treaty in which Georges Clemenceau forced war guilt and unreasonable reparations on Germany, that ended World War I.
Output: History
One politician from this nation accused President Kuchma of suppressing criticism by ordering the kidnapping of dissident journalists, thus triggering the Cassette Scandal. The Primary Chronicle recorded the history of a kingdom centered in this nation where the Khmelnytsky Rebellion occurred. A Hetmanate formed here was split among several nations, and one king from here promulgated the Rus Pravda legal code. In this country once ruled by Yaroslav the Wise, the Orange Revolution took place following the 2004 elections. For 10 points, identify this nation controlled at different times by the Cossacks and Kievan Rus.
Output: History
Judy Oppenheimer's autobiography of her is entitled Private Demons, and she wrote about the schizophrenic Natalie Waite in Hangsaman. This author created a kindergarten student who tells her parents of an imaginary student, as well as a man who introduces Mildred Kent to Arthur Adams and gives them money to spend doing whatever they want. Dr. Montague conducts paranormal research in the title locale in The Haunting of Hill House, and in story, Mr. Summers keeps a black box for the title event. FTP, identify the author of the dark short story The Lottery.
Output: Literature
One man who was killed under this policy had his writings collected by Aelred Stubbs as I Write What I Like and was the subject of a book by Daily Dispatch editor Donald Woods. Ben Du Toit comes to oppose this policy after the janitor Gordon and his wife Emily are killed in the novel A Dry White Season. A policeman violates the Immorality Law, part of this policy, by dating Stephanie in a novel named for a bird found in a guidebook given to (*) Pieter van Vlaanderen by his father. This policy, which provides the backdrop of Too Late the Phalarope, is violently overthrown in a novel in which the Smales family flees to their servant July's village. For 10 points, Andre Brink, Nadine Gordimer, and Alan Paton wrote about what former system of government-imposed segregation in South Africa
Output: Literature
Birefringence results from these entities in the Voigt effect, while light is polarized with a rotation linearly dependent one of their components in the Faraday effect. The force exerted by them is proportional to the cross product of these entities with the velocity of a nearby charged particle, and they are expulsed by superconductors in a phenomenon discovered by Meissner. One differential equation stating that they have a divergence equal to zero, named after Gauss, is the second of Maxwell's equations. Their strength is measured in teslas and they are denoted by the letter B. For 10 points, name these entities that often surround a material that has north and south poles.
Output: Science
One work by this thinker asserts that physical and mental facts are independent, and it supports the title concepts with "truisms" like "my body existed yesterday". This thinker argued that blue are not equal to the sensations of objects in an that refuted both Descartes and McTaggart. In another work, this philosopher posited that good is a "simple concept" with an "opened ended" definition that cannot be determined through the naturalistic fallacy. For 10 points, name this English analytic philosopher who wrote "A Defence of Common Sense", "The Refutation of Idealism" and Principia Ethica.
Output: Social Science
A D minor work by this composer sees the adagio F sharp minor second movement's transition to the the alla breve finale orchestrated attacca, or without pause, which followed a similar C minor piece, which sees an E flat major theme supplant the half step-filled piano arpeggios. A four-note "signature" ends both those piano concertos by this man, whose first opera sees the title character marry and then murder the gypsy Zemfira. This composer of Aleko collected Thirteen (*) Preludes, Ten Preludes, and Prelude in C-Sharp Minor into a group covering all twenty-four musical keys. This creator of the formidable Etudes Tableaux used 5/8 time to suggest the act of rowing in a piece inspired by a Bocklin painting, his Isle of the Dead. His characteristic widely-spaced chords are evident in his setting of Poe's The Bells, while his most famous work consists of mostly A minor variations on another man's Caprice No. 24. For 10 points, name this Russian composer of Rhapsody on a Theme from Paganini..
Output: Fine Arts
His commands included victory at the Battle of Ridgefield and delaying a British drive to New York City at Lake Champlain. In addition, he fought heroically at Bemis Heights and the siege of Quebec, where he was badly wounded. On his return to duty he was appointed commander of Philadelphia, where he squandered money on an extravagant social life. Combined with a lack of recognition for his tactics at Saratoga, his monetary situation brought him to the attention of Major John Andre. FTP, name this American general who planned to turn West Point over to the British.
Output: History
One character in this opera sings the aria "Di rigori armato il seno", but is interrupted by a character enraged by the talk of an attorney. In the second act, one character is duped with the help of Annina and Valzacchi in an inn. The arrival of the Commissary of Police adds to the confusion, and Herr von Faninal eventually breaks his daughter's engagement to the Baron Ochs von Lerchenau. After that engagement is broken, the Marschallin sets up the title character with Sophie despite their earlier relationship. For 10 points, name this Richard Strauss opera in which the Marschallin had earlier made Octavian the title character by having him deliver the title silver flower.
Output: Fine Arts
The 6/8 last movement of a work by this composer begins with a C-major scale in parallel, first- inversion triads in the right hand, and its first movement begins with the right hand playing a difficult trill figure in thirds. The first movement of a C-minor piano work by this composer has a hand-crossing- filled second theme that starts in E-flat minor, after a first theme that is mostly accompanied by left-hand octave tremolos. The first movement of that piano sonata by this composer alternates between Allegro con brio and dramatic Grave ["GRAH-vay"] sections full of big chords in dotted rhythms. He published his first three piano sonatas, in F minor, A major, and C major, as his Opus 2. His drone-filled D-major 15th piano sonata is nicknamed "Pastorale," and he labelled his Opus 27 piano sonatas "quasi una fantasia." For 10 points, name this composer whose Piano Sonatas Nos. and 14 are nicknamed "Pathetique" and "Moonlight."
Output: Fine Arts
They are not diodes, but the light emitting type of these devices produce electro-luminescent light. A dynamic RAM stores data on these devices and a Marx generator consists of several of them. A net torque was not observed on a suspended one of these devices in the Trouton-Nobel experiment. A method for keeping the power smooth involves adding the decoupling type of this device, and the smoothing out of voltage pulses produced by a rectifier is performed by the reservoir type. They consist of two conductors with opposite signs separated from each other by a dielectric, such as glass or mica, and an example of one is the Leyden jar. FTP name these circuit elements used to store electric charge, and whose characteristic property is measured in farads.
Output: Science
Another painting with the same name was painted nearly a hundred years after the event by Alonzo Chappel. A tower stands against the horizon in the upper left corner, while the upper right is dominated by dark clouds. A man in blue and two men in red lean over the title character, whose (*) musket lies on the ground in front of him. Looking at him from the left side are a shirtless Native American and the green-clad Simon Fraser. These men and others surround the title character, who met his end at the Battle of the Plains of Abraham. For 10 points, name this painting depicting the last moments of the titular British Army officer, painted by Benjamin West.
Output: Fine Arts
His early works included self portraits such as The Wounded Man, The Cellist, and The Man with a Pipe. His works concerning dormancy include The Sleeping Spinner and an erotic work featuring two females entitled The Sleepers. One of his best-known works, which depicts a young and old man performing the titular backbreaking action, was destroyed during the bombing of Dresden, and another depicts the internment of a peasant in the presence of two clergy wearing red. FTP, name this French painter of The Stone-breaker and The Burial at Organs.
Output: Fine Arts
In Walter de la Mare's short story A Revenant, a professor who considers Poe's poetry "flawless mastery of method" sees this "curiously detached" painting flashing through his head. The title figure of this painting looks to the canvas's left and wears a wide-brimmed black hat, and an enormous tome by Andreas Vesalius is open at the lower right. Aris Knidt is the focal point of this painting, and he lies in its center as seven bearded gentlemen in black with poofy white collars look on. Knidt had earlier been hanged for armed robbery. FTP, name this portrait by Rembrandt, commissioned by the Amsterdam Guild of Surgeons, that shows the titular physician dissecting a cadaver's hand.
Output: Fine Arts