niryuu/sni-each-converted huggingface dataset:
One of this ruler's wives was Anna of Austria, the mother of his successor to the throne. This man appointed Antoine Granvelle chief counselor to Margaret of Parma, and he fought against Henry IV of France as part of the Catholic League during the French Wars of Religion. This man had William the Silent assassinated, and his advisor Antonio Perez killed Juan de Escobedo. He sent his half-brother Don Juan of Austria to command his fleet at the Battle of Lepanto. For 10 points, name this Habsburg king of Spain who attempted to invade England with the Spanish Armada.
Output: History
This novel begins at the Engakuji temple, where the protagonist is served tea in a black bowl that once belonged to his father. One character in this novel bears a large hairy birthmark that disgusts the protagonist, and that character attempts to arrange a marriage between the protagonist and Yukiko Inamura. That character, Chikako, drives Mrs. Ota to suicide following the death of the protagonist's father, her former lover. For 10 points, name this novel that depicts aspects of the tea ceremony and centers on Kikuji Mitani, written by Yasunari Kawabata.
Output: Literature
For the city of Zurich, this artist sculpted the implicitly erotic Sheep Piece. He was assisted by Sir Anthony Caro, who created Dream City in his characteristic style after his death. During WW2, he produced thousands of sketches of London bomb shelters; more characteristic works of his include a sculpture which was decapitated in Dumfries, King and Queen. Situated near the Regenstein Library is his piece that commemorates the (*) Chicago Pile-1 reactor, Nuclear Energy. The piercing shapes of his rival Barbara Hepworth and the poses of Mayan statues inspired another series of his, which typically shows concave human forms in supine positions. For 10 points, name this British sculptor known for his Reclining Figures series.
Output: Fine Arts
He helped found the Kiangsi Soviet Party, and served as a theorist and military leader in Yanan from 1936 until 1945, at which point he began the effort for the party he co-founded in 1921 to gain control of his nation, which he did in 1949. FTP, name this man who led the 1934-35 Long March and ruled China until his 1976 death.
Output: History
One section of this work is based on designs for costumes for children dressed as canaries that would have been featured in the ballet Trilbi. The second movement comes from a nutcracker in the shape of a gnome, while the fourth is dominated by a sustained bass that is heard constantly while the primary tune plays above. That movement, "The Old Castle," accompanies such sections as "Limoges - The Market," "Bydlo," and "Two Jews, Rich and Poor," each of which is accompanied by a promenade. The piece culminates with the penultimate movement, "The Hut on Fowl's Legs," followed by "The Great Gate at Kiev. " FTP name this suite based on a set of paintings by Victor Hartmann, a work of Modest Mussorgsky.
Output: Fine Arts
Philip Glass was inspired by these pieces to compose his second violin concerto. The second movement of one of these works uses a two-note viola motif to represent a dog's bark. Eleven bars of pizzicato depict rain in the last of these works. The first of these compositions begins with trills in the solo violin to imitate birdcalls. These pieces were published with eight similar pieces as The Contest Between Harmony and Invention. For 10 points, name this set of violin concertos composed by Antonio Vivaldi, which includes "Spring" and "Summer."
Output: Fine Arts
David Lewis used this substance to illustrate the problem of the many. According to Jean Buridan, Socrates expressed a preference for this substance when Plato warned him what would happen if the next thing he said was a lie. In "Of Miracles," Hume presents an Indian prince who was incredulous after seeing the transformation of this substance. A character named "Oscar" describes this substance differently than his (*) counterpart, who uses it to refer to XYZ, in the "twin earth" experiment proposed by Hilary Putnam. Because of a change in this substance, Heraclitus said of a certain source of it that no man steps in it twice. For 10 points, name this substance which Thales held as the basis of the Earth, privileging it over earth, air, and fire.
Output: Social Science
Hebrew myth, Lilith brings one of these items, which had previously been in a demon's den, into her daughter's room, causing her daughter to desire young men and prompting the saying that Lilith resides in all of these items. In another myth, a goddess is encouraged to look at one of these items after another goddess turns over a washtub and does a breast-exposing dance. In that myth, a goddess exclaims "white face! " after viewing one of them. Tezcatlipoca's name signifies a "smoking obsidian" variety of this item, one of which was placed across from Amaterasu's cave. For 10 points, name these objects, glassy surfaces that Narcissus would probably like a lot.
Output: Social Science
Sent as a hostage to Constantinople at the age of seven, he quickly became involved in the court intrigues of Byzantine emperor Zeno. After becoming consul, he won a succession of decisive victories, including engagements at Isonzo and the Adda. His reign was troubled by conflicts with Pope John I, primarily because of Justin I's edicts against Arianism, of which this ruler was a believer. Earlier, he had solidified his claims by besieging and taking Ravenna and orchestrating the death of Odoacer. FTP, name this man who also executed Boethius, the Ostrogoth king of Italy from 493 to 526 AD.
Output: History
The scene is set in a shady bower full of vines and statuary. One of these statues, representing discretion, stands at left with his finger to his lips. The central lady kicks her shoe playfully at the statue while a young man, probably her lover, moves some bushes aside to gaze up the lady's dress. Another man, unaware of the first's presence, pushes the lady in the title object in, FTP, what oil painting by Jean-Honore Fragonard
Output: Fine Arts
In one work by this writer, a character writes about Sapo throwing a cane through a window. Sapo later transforms into Macmann, who--unlike Sapo--is similar to the character who writes his story. That work is part of a trilogy that ends with The Unnamable. In another work by this writer, Nagg and Nell, the parents of Hamm, are stuck in ash bins. In another work, a character claims that he minds goats and that his brother who minds sheep gets beaten. The two main characters in that work are nicknamed Didi and Gogo by a character who owns the slave Lucky, and one of them often says "Nothing to be done." Name this Irish playwright of Malone Dies, Endgame, and Waiting for Godot ["GOD"-oh].
Output: Literature
The B variety of this structure forms the backbone of NTFS and btrfs [butter-eff-ess]. Red-black and splay are binary self-balancing varieties of this data structure. Kruskal's and Prim's algorithms find a minimum-spanning one of these structures. An example of this where all(*) children are smaller than their parent is called a heap. They consist of nodes that point to exactly one other node. For 10 points, name this class of undirected, acyclic, connected graphs that also name a data structure with a root, branches, and leaves.
Output: Literature
The two regiments involved in this event, the 14th West Yorkshire Fusiliers and the 29th Worcestershire, were immediately removed to Castle William, but governor Thomas Hutchinson delayed the trial of the participants for seven months until October. Following Robert Treat Paine's prosecution, privates Hugh Montgomery and Matthew Kilroy were branded on the thumb for manslaughter, but the leading officer in this incident, Captain Thomas Preston, was acquitted. It occurred on the day the Townshend Acts were repealed and saw the deaths of Samuel Grey, James Caldwell, and Crispus Attucks, FTP, what was this 1770 event where British troops fired on an American mob in the namesake city
Output: History
The field of this name is defined as the average dipole moment per unit volume of a dielectric material. A phenomenon given this name can be described by a system in which the multiplication of Jones vectors by Jones matrices represents the manipulation of this property by a linear optical element. This property is completely characterized by the (*) Stokes vector and can be altered by phase retarders. In one form of this property, the electromagnetic field only oscillates in one plane. This property comes in circular, elliptical and linear forms. For 10 points name this property of light that is exploited to reduce glare by some sunglasses.
Output: Science
This presnt-day country contains the Kibiro Saltworks, which were a source of wealth for the Bunyoro kingdom until its king, Kabalega, was exiled to the Seychelles and its territory annexed by Britain. Much of the westernmost part of this country is ruled autonomously by the Toro kingdom, which like all kingdoms in this country was abolished in 1967 but restored in 1993. One of this country's chief port cities, the heavily Indian-influenced Jinja, suffered economically after all of this country's Asians were expelled in 1972. Another port city in this country was the site of Jonathan Netanyahu's 1976 raid on a highjacked Air France plane. Entebbe is a city in, FTP, what African country on the northern shore of Lake Victoria whose capital is Kampala
Output: History
Magnus Barefoot saved this kingdom by stumbling into an uprising and inadvertently shooting Hugh Montgomery's eye. This kingdom's lore appears in the Red and White Books of Hergest. It was traditionally divided into commotes. Eleanor de Montfort was captured by pirates en route to this kingdom, forcing its ruler to sign the Treaty of Aberconwy. Its eastern border was governed by the Marcher Lords, and it lies west of (*) Offa's Dyke. Powys and Dyfed are sub-kingdoms within this country, where a rebel known as "the Last" lost to Edward Longshanks. Henry V subjugated Owen Glendower here. For 10 points, name this kingdom whose pre-Anglo-Saxon peoples were once led by Llywelyn the Great, whose namesake prince is the crown prince of the United Kingdom.
Output: History
This author wrote that he felt a "calm so deep" caused by "all the mighty heart...lying still" while pausing in the morning. In addition to Sonnet Composed upon Westminster Bridge, another work of his notes that "five years have passed" since last he saw the title structure on the banks of Wye. He described an outing with his sister Dorothy and the sight of "a host of golden daffodils" in his poem I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud. For 10 points, name this author of Tintern Abbey who co-authored Lyrical Ballads with Samuel Taylor Coleridge.
Output: Literature
As emperor, he transferred the last legion that was led by a senatorial proconsul to the command of an imperial legate, thus completing the complete control of the Roman army by the emperor. Although he may have been epileptic and did have a deep attachment to his sister Drusilla, accounts of his reign are so biased that it is difficult to ascertain his true actions. It is not true, however, that he made his horse a consul, though Suetonius claims he would have had he lived longer. FTP, name this wacky emperor who ruled Rome from 37 to 41 C.E.
Output: History
Co-activators of this protein include BRCA1. Discovered in 1979 by Crawford et al, mutations in this protein often lead to a high susceptibility of Li-Fraumeni Syndrome. After getting a ubiquitin attached to it, this protein is degraded unless USP7 interacts with it; that ubiquitin is placed on it by MDM2, which regulates this protein. This protein can be inactivated by E6, a mechanism that HPV uses. It is activated in response to stresses such as (*) UV rays, osmotic shock and deregulated oncogene expression. It stimulates another protein that binds to CDK2. Its functions include activating DNA repair proteins when DNA becomes damaged and initiating apoptosis of cells with damaged DNA. For 10 points, name this protein whose role as a cancer inhibitor leads it to be called the ""guardian angel"" of the cell and which is named for its molecular weight in kilodaltons.
Output: Science
The version of this process known as the "cumuliform" type acts vertically in the atmosphere to produce dramatic weather effects. Its two major versions are governed by the dimensionless Grashof and Peclet numbers, and both major types also depend on the Prandtl number. The natural version depends on the tendency of fluids to expand when heated, in contrast to the forced version. FTP, what is this process in which heat is transferred by the movement of a fluid, the counterpart of radiation and conduction
Output: Science
A twelve-piece song cycle includes the chant of "pia" in the section called "Syllabes" and precedes a more famous work in a trilogy including Cinq Rechants. One of his compositions requires seven soloists and draws heavily from Matthew's descriptions of a certain event, while another in seven books includes pieces about "The Golden Oriole" and "The Tawny Owl". Harawi preceded his only symphony in three-piece series inspired by Tristan and Isolde, whose solo piano part was initially played by his later wife Yvonne Loriod and which takes its title from the Sanskrit words meaning "time" and "love". The "Liturgy of Crystal" appears in a more famous work based on his experiences in a German POW camp. For 10 points, identify this composer of the The Transfiguration of Our Lord Jesus Christ, Catalague of Birds, Turangalila Symphony, and Quartet for the End of Time.
Output: Fine Arts
one depiction of this figure, a muscular, shirtless man reaches up to him in a pose that mimics Adam in Michelangelo's Creation, while a child below him clutches at a gray woman whose lap contains a sprawling gray baby. In another depiction, this figure journeys past a writing snake near a solitary dead tree in front of a wooden fence. In that depiction, this figure is going the wrong way along a race track. He is the half-brother of Sleep in a Waterhouse painting, and a renaissance motif sees him sneaking up on a maiden. For 10 points, name this figure, depicted by Benjamin West and Albert Pinkham Ryder "on a pale horse. "
Output: Fine Arts
Cleaving its hinge with papain separates its Fc [eff-cee] and Fab [eff-ay-bee] portions. Its structure was established by Gerald Edelman and Rodney Porter, who found a characteristic beta fold in each of its 8 constant domains. The A type is found in saliva and milk, the G type activates macrophages, and the M type is made by B cells early in immune response. Consisting of two heavy chains and two kappa or lambda light chains and variable regions, FTP, name this immune protein produced in response to the presence of a specific antigen.
Output: Science
One character in this work woos Giovanna's charge while disguised as the poor student Walter Mald. That same character seduces the Countess Ceprano after summarizing his womanizing philosophy in the aria "Questa o quella. "  The title character is tricked into helping break into his own house, where Borsa, Marullo and their companions succeed in carrying off the title character's daughter to the Duke of Mantua. Monterone's curse on the title character is fulfilled when his daughter Gilda sacrifices herself to Sparafucile's knife. Featuring the aria "La donna  mobile," FTP name this Verdi opera about the titular hunchbacked jester.
Output: Fine Arts
In one of his paintings, yellow and brown dominate the sky and the water around the title geologic entities, with just the tip of a small boat in the bottom left and an apparent animal in the right. That work was rediscovered in 1979 and is this man's Icebergs. He also painted a wide vista of a noted waterfall, and he visited Ecuador in order to stay in Alexander von Humboldt's old house, and he painted several views of Cotopaxi there as well as a painting in which a small waterfall is surrounded by detailed greenery in the titular mountains. For 10 points, name this painter of Niagara and Heart of the Andes, a member of the Hudson River School.
Output: Social Science
His attempt at writing a series of musical sketches about famous authors was aborted after his Robert Browning Overture, though he returned to the idea with the movements Hawthorne, Emerson, The Alcotts, and Thoreau in a certain piano sonata. This composer of The Unanswered Question also invented the notion of estate planning and wrote the Camp Meeting Symphony. For 10 points, name these early polytonalist, an American composer of Three Places in New England and the Concord Hymn.
Output: Fine Arts
The Vortsjarv is a large internal lake in this country. Among the 1500 islands controlled by this country are the Muhu archipelago members Saaremaa and Hiiumaa. Viljandi and Tartu are key cities of this country, which is found to the west of Lake (*) Peipus and the east of the Gulf of Riga. Found to the north of Latvia, for 10 points name this Baltic state whose capital is Tallinn.
Output: Social Science
His protagonists include the former ranch owner Baltasar Bustos and in another one of his works, a young woman controlled by her orchestra director, Gabriel, with a crystal seal. In addition to Inez, this decade has seen him publish such works as This I Believe and The Seat of the Eagle. His second novel focuses on a young historian who finds himself falling in love with an elderly widows niece, but when he embraces her she turns into the old woman. That work, Aura, was followed by such works as A Change of Skin, about a group of people on a journey to Veracruz, and Terra Nostra, a rumination on Spanish and Latin American History. Perhaps best known in the U.S. for his novel about the last days of Ambrose Bierce, for ten points, identify this Mexican writer of The Old Gringo and The Death of Artemio Cruz.
Output: Literature
Under the pseudonym Otfall, this author published three essays about Texas in the 1870s, as well as the short book Florida: Its Scenery, Climate and History, but he's better known for works in another form, like "Clover" and "Sunrise, which show the influence of his study of Anglo-Saxon metrical forms. His poem "The Symphony" derives from his experience as a professional flautist, while a henchman kills the son of Maclean in his poem The Revenge of Hamish. He depicted the loss of innocence of Confederate soldier Philip Sterling in his only novel, Tiger-Lilies. Sometimes called the "Poet Laureate of the South," FTP, name this author of "The Song of the Chattahoochee" and "The Marshes of Glynn. "
Output: Literature
One superacid shaped like an icosahedron features a skeleton almost entirely composed of this element. The selectrides are a group of reducing agents featuring this element bonded to three sec-butyl groups, and the nitrogen atom in proline binds to this element in the Corey-Bakshi-Shibata catalyst. Aryl- and vinyl- acids containing this element react with aryl- and vinyl-halides on catalytic palladium in the Suzuki reaction. Anti-Markovnikov addition is a feature of the best-known reaction featuring this element, in which an alkene is converted into an alcohol. That reaction features a namesake hydration followed by an oxidation and is catalyzed by a reactive compound consisting of this element bonded to three hydrogen atoms. For 10 points, name this fifth element.
Output: Science
The floor in this painting appears to be a tiled geometric pattern consisting of circles and triangles. The background is primarily made up of green curtains, and there is a small, black and white crucifix in the upper left-hand corner of this painting. There is a two tiered table in the middle of this painting, and on the top tier a globe and astronomical equipment are placed, while on the bottom, a musical instrument sits and a book lies open. The two men in this painting are holding scrolls and wearing dark clothing. A noticeable feature in this painting is a large, anamorphic skull that appears at the feet of the two men for whom this painting is named. For ten points, identify this painting by Hans Holbein the Younger.
Output: Fine Arts
Following this man's defeat of Narseh and capture of Ctesiphon, he achieved favorable peace terms with the Sassanid Persians. Under this ruler, the "traditors" emerged; those were Christian leaders who handed over sacred texts during his persecutions, the last meaningful anti-Christian period in Rome. The late life of this emperor was spent at the place of Split in Croatia. After monetary policy under this man led to rampant inflation, he issued the Edict on Maximum Prices to freeze food prices. Other reforms undertaken during his reign include the establishment of capitals at Milan, Sermium, Nicomedia, and Trier, in order to share power with Maximian, Galerius, and Constantius. For 10 points, identify this Roman emperor ruling between 244 and 311 AD, who established the Tetrarchy.
Output: History
The defense of one of the countries involved lasted for five years until the final defeat at Cerro Cora. A secret alliance made with Velancio Flores, an enemy o the Blanco regime, spelled the end for the eventual losing side. Though declaration of war against Bartolome Mitre had already sealed the fate of Francisco Solano Lopez and his country. Costing Paraguay almost a third of its male population, FTP, identify this conflict fought between 1865 and 1870 and named for the number of nations allied against Paraguay.
Output: History
One central character of this novel visits his mother in this hospital only to find his rival ill with typhoid, and reconciles that rival with his estranged wife out of pity. That character in this novel works in a stocking mill in his youth, and meets a romantic partner while vacationing at age sixteen. One character in this work is the husband of a neglectful (*) coal miner named Walter, while another character marries Lily before dying young. The protagonist gives his mother an overdose of morphine to end her suffering from cancer and spends the novel drifting between Clara Dawes and Miriam Leivers. For 10 points, name this novel about Gertrude and Paul Morel, by D. H. Lawrence.
Output: Literature
This theorem is generalized by de Gua's Theorem. The traditional proof of this statement made use of the ""windmill. "" When using only integers, it is the highest possible case allowed by Fermat's Last Theorem. Many proofs of it are based on the dissection of shapes. This formula is also used to determine the norm of a vector in Cartesian space. It is the general case of the law of (*) cosines. For 10 points, name this theorem used to determine the length of the hypotenuse of a right triangle, written a squared plus b squared equals c squared.
Output: Science
In the first act of this work, the Queen dances the Grand Polonaise with a drunken Wolfgang, the tutor of her son. That act comprises a birthday party for that son, at which he dances a pas de cinq with four potential suitors. After one pas de deux in this work, four figures seen as maidens gathering flowers in the prologue do a dance involving sixteen pas de chat in unison. The revival of this work was choreographed by Lev Ivanov and Marius Petipa. Two characters in this work, the (*) white protagonist and her black evil counterpart, are danced by the same ballerina. That latter character, who lures Prince Siegfried in a pas de deux, is Odile. For 10 points, name this ballet in which Baron von Rothbart transforms Odette into the title bird, written by Pyotr Tchaikovsky.
Output: Fine Arts
During his last night in Ossenburger Hall, this character reads Isak Dinesens Out of Africa. Acquaintances that he makes include a nun with whom he discusses Romeo and Juliet. His voyeurism at the Edmont Hotel results in his seeing a transvestite and a couple that spit their drinks at each other. He backs out of a tryst with the prostitute Sally, and asks where the ducks in Central Park go during the winter. Amidst his wandering, he recalls his relationships with Jane Gallagher and Sally Hayes while reflecting on the suicide of James Castle and the death of his younger brother Allie. For ten points, name this main character of J.D. Salingers The Catcher in the Rye.
Output: Literature
Georges Canguilhem devoted the first part of his The Normal and the Pathological to a critique of the conceptions of normality espoused by Claude Bernard and this thinker. John Stuart Mill wrote that one could distinguish between "good" and "bad" versions of this thinker, in response to a late work in which this thinker proposed a secular "Religion of Humanity." In an earlier work, this thinker classified what he thought of as the six fundamental sciences on an "encyclopedic scale." In that same work, this author of System of Positive Polity posited a succession of three stages in humanity's development: the theological, the metaphysical, and finally the positive. That work is the Course on Positive Philosophy, and this thinker coined the terms "altruism" and "sociology." For 10 points, name this founder of positivism, an early French sociologist.
Output: Social Science
A model for its synthesis incorporates the tenets of catalytic cooperativity and rotational catalysis, which were formulated by Paul Boyer. This molecule binds to Walker A and Walker B motifs, and it can be synthesized via the binding change mechanism. During the formation of pyrimidines, it joins with ribose 5-phosphate to form PRPP. It is synthesized in the F0F1 complex, and it is catalyzed by dynein for use in flagella. It is produced under low-oxygen conditions by substrate-level phosphorylation, as in the last three reactions of glycolysis. FTP name this energy-carrying molecule produced by the electron-transport chain.
Output: Science
This man commented that John Milton was a "true poet, and of the devil's party without knowing it." Los attempts to reunite the four parts of Albion in this man's mythological work The Four Zoas. He frequently made his own engravings to accompany his poems, such as "The Sick Rose." One of his poems describes a creature "burning bright / in the forests of the night." For 10 points, name this British Romantic poet of "The Tyger."
Output: Literature
This composer contrasts a quick "musette" dance with a 2/4 slower "gavotte" in the third movement of one work. He amended Lizst's suggestion that the second theme of the first movement be given to the trumpets rather than the cellos in a revision of his Piano Concerto in A minor, which is the only concerto he finished. His wife Nina inspired his composition "Erotikon" which is collected in a set that includes a worked inspired by the watchman's song in Macbeth and "Wedding Day at Troldhaugen." This composer of Lyric Pieces wrote a work with the movements "Aase's Death" and "Morning Mood." For 10 points, name this Norwegian composer of the Peer Gynt Suite, which contains "In the Hall of the Mountain King."
Output: Fine Arts
This work is the subject of a 1991 critical interpretation by Edward Callan, who also published a 1968 biography of its author. This work's third chapter opens with the image of a small toy train climbing up to Carisbrooke. The main character's brother refers to the chief of his old village as a white man's dog, and in the end, the main character's sister Getrude returns to her life of prostitution and drink. The main character is assisted in his search for his son by the Reverend Theophilus Msimangu, but in the end, that son, Absalom, is hanged for the murder of Arthur Jarvis, while two white men are released. For ten points, identify this novel about the Reverend Stephen Kumalo, the most famous work of Alan Paton.
Output: Literature
The title character of this work is tricked into going to Mrs. Sinclair's house, though she expects to go elsewhere while waiting for Colonel Morden. After receiving some bad news from her friend Miss Howe, the protagonist dresses up as a servant and runs away. However, she is arrested and thrown in jail as a debtor, though John Belford gets her out of prison and finds her a place with a glove maker. The protagonist had been meant to marry Mr. Solmes by her family, which includes her sister Arabella and her brother James, but she dislikes him and runs off with Robert Lovelace to escape. FTP, name this very long novel subtitled "the history of a young lady," in which the title character dies after being drugged and raped, a work about a woman whose last name is Harlowe written by Samuel Richardson.
Output: Literature
In one of this man's paintings, a figure in black unsheaths a sword next to a large red rug behind a figure kissing a woman in an orange dress as she drops a book. In another, a bearded figure has his arms raised to the left as he watches a nude woman lying on grass next to a putto. This painter of Paolo and Francesca and Jupiter and Antiope depicted one of the founders of Rome raising his fist triumphantly in his Romulus' Victory over Acron. Another of his works shows a figure (*) thrusting a golden lance into the maw of a monster next to a rock upon which a woman is chained. This painter of Roger Freeing Angelica is, however, best known for a nude depiction of a woman with too many vertebrae. for 10 points, identify this painter of La Grande Odalisque.
Output: Fine Arts
According to legend, one of its rulers took his name meaning "forceful one" from an exclamation by his deposed predecessor's daughter. It began with only two towns, Sarnah and Kikuya, but grew rapidly after victories over the Dogon, Mossi, and Tauregs, culminating with the addition of Djenn and Timbuktu to the empire. It was relevant, however, for little over a hundred years due to a 1591 Moroccan invasion. Centered at Gao and known for its merit-based civil service, FTP, name this kingdom whose rulers included Askia Muhammad and Sunni Ali.
Output: History
One character instructs another, "Keep right on lying to me. That's what I want you to do" while discussing former lovers. That character's "toy riding-crop" belonged to a former love killed during the Battle of the Somme. The surgeon Rinaldi's high living and professions of love are attributed to syphilis by the narrator, who himself defies death to rescue a block of cheese. A hard-drinking ambulance driver, falls in love with a blonde nurse, who dies giving birth to a stillborn son, in this novel about Catherine and Lieutenant Henry. For 10 points, what is this semi-autobiographical novel by Ernest Hemingway
Output: Literature
In ferromagnetic materials, a version of this effect occurs in which the resultant resistivity predicted by this effect contains an additional zero-field term proportional to the magnetization. Arranging two solid-state elements which demonstrate this effect at right angles to each other and summing their output voltage to eliminate the noise is a typical way of producing a magnetic field sensor using this effect. This effect is derived by noting that the current crossed with the magnetic field creates a transverse current, which results in a potential difference. For ten points, identify this classical effect in which charge flowing across a transverse magnetic field results in an electric field component orthogonal to both the current and the magnetic field, often used to measure the sign of charge carriers.
Output: Science
He argued that classical economics focused on artificial equilibriums in "Why is Economics not an Evolutionary Science" and claimed that Bismarck's autocracy gave Prussia a technical advantage in "Imperial Germany and the Industrial Revolution. " He postulated a tech-savvy class in conflict with the business elite in The Engineers and the Price System and criticized colleges run by businessmen in The Higher Learning in America. This author of The Theory of Business Enterprise cited the potlatch custom in another work as an example of frivolous spending to achieve social status. FTP, name this economist who postulated "conspicuous consumption" in The Theory of the Leisure Class.
Output: Social Science
A later offshoot of this movement was put down by the death of Chang Loxing after arising in Shandong in 1842 under the name of the (*) Nien. A favored bodyguard who married the Jiaqing emperor's daughter, Hoshen, allowed this movement to flourish while skimming from the treasury. For 10 points name this 1796 to 1804 uprising from a Buddhist secret society which sought to revive the Ming and displace the Manchus.
Output: History
This artists innovative String Quintet in C Major alternates between minor and major tones as evidenced by the sudden shift of the G tone in the second movement. This musician didnt meet with much success from such operas as The Devil's Palace of Desire or The Friends of Salamanca. This composers adroitness at setting such texts as Der Doppelganger and Gretchen at the Spinning Wheel gained him fame for developing the lieder. For ten points, name this Austrian composer most famous for symphonies including his The Great and Unfinished.
Output: Fine Arts
When one reaction by this name takes place between ketenes and a cyclic system, it is named for Bellus, and its Eschenmoser modification is used to create amides. A combination of that reaction with the Staudinger ligation is referred to as the Chen-Mapp reaction, while a version of it with allylic acetates that creates carboxylic acids is called the Ireland modification. Another reaction with this name has a crossed version that is useful when only one of the reactants has an enolizable alpha hydrogen. That reaction has an intermolecular version named for Dieckmann. FTP, name these two reactions, one of which takes an allyl vinyl ether to a delta-gamma unsaturated carbonyl by rearrangement and the other of which produces a beta-ketoester from the condensation of two esters.
Output: Science
A woman from this country, with the last name Cornet, supposedly hid Hanna Nadel. The death of Oswald Englebin in this country led to the Courcelles Massacre. While fighting on the Eastern front, a person from this country was wounded at Cherkassy, an event described in his book Campaign in Russia. The newspaper Le Pays Reel was the chief mouthpiece of Jean Denis, who was the chief idealouge for a movement in this country. This country's king surrendered it during World War II against the wishes of Pierlot, its prime minister. Nazi collaborators in this country included Victor Matthys and Jose Streel. Those two belonged to a fascist group led by Leon Degrelle named Rexism in this country. For 10 points, name this country that King Leopold III surrendered to the Nazis during World War II.
Output: History
This artist once almost got in a fight with Thelonious Monk, which helped give him a reputation of having a quick temper. This man's first quintet released four albums from a two day recording session but broke up due to the band member's drug problems. This artist teamed up with Gil Evans to produce some of his most famous music, and they teamed up with Joaquin Rodrigo to produce Sketches of Spain. He reformed his sextet to record his most famous modal jazz album. For 10 points, name this jazz trumpeter who fused jazz and rock n' roll in his album Bitches Brew and whose most popular album is Kind of Blue.
Output: Fine Arts
In one of this writer's poems, Saturn, who is "quiet as a stone, / Still as the silence round about his lair", sits in "the shady sadness of a vale". The speaker asks "Where are the songs of Spring Ay, where are they" in another of his poems, which describes a "Season of mists and yellow fruitfulness". This poet of the unfinished "Hyperion" and "To (*) Autumn" also wrote a poem addressed to a "light-winged Dryad of the trees". Another one of his poems describes a "foster-child of Silence and slow Time" and concludes by stating that "Beauty is truth, truth Beauty." For ten points, name this English poet of "Ode to a Nightingale" and "Ode on a Grecian Urn."
Output: Literature
An attempt at seduction in this story goes awry when a girl protests that she is wearing the clothes of mourning, and her suitor suggests that she simply remove her dress. Following an argument over whether the only available sofa is yellow or green, one character leaves his room to avoid talking to his mother and attempts to claim that he took a walk in the garden afterwards. The trouble began when a man fixed up his unhappy wife and his former secretary, and then attempted to find a lover for himself at a brothel run under cover of a dress shop by Madame Pace. All ends with the girl drowning in a fountain, and the boy being killed by a mysterious gunshot, resulting in an argument over whether he is dead or merely pretending, and the director complaining "I've lost a whole day over these people. " An unnamed father, stepdaughter, mother, adult son, teenage boy, and young girl are the title figures in, FTP, what play by Luigi Pirandello
Output: Literature
A major influence on this bill was the book Other People's Money, and How the Bankers Use It. Components of this bill were later expanded by the Kefauver Act and the (*) Robinson-Patman Act. Natural competitors were prohibited from divvying up sales territories under this law, which regulated conglomerate mergers for the first time and was signed by Wilson. For 10 points name this 1914 piece of antitrust regulation.
Output: History
An ion of this element is used as a masking agent when performing an EDTA titration of a mixture of magnesium and aluminum. A common inhibitor of serine proteases contains a phosphate group attached to two isopropyl groups and an atom of this element. One compound that contains 3 atoms of this element is used to cleave t-BOC during solid-phase peptide synthesis. When this atom is added to the alpha carbon of acetic acid, it significantly strengthens it via the (*) inductive effect. A powerful Lewis acid is a compound of three atoms of this element attached to boron. Four atoms of this element are attached to the repeating element of Teflon, and an acid of this element is used to etch glass. An ion of the element is commonly added to drinking water. For 10 points, name this most electronegative element with atomic number 9 and symbol F.
Output: Science
In one artwork from this country, a white dog and a brown dog frolic in front of a group of travelers crossing a bridge named after this country. An artist from this country created a series of works called Oceans of Wisdom, as well as a work in which a green tree-covered landscape in the bottom gives way to a red coloration higher up, beneath a blue sky with clouds. A contemporary artist from this country created the "superflat" aesthetic. One artist from this country created a series depicting fifty-three stations on a road in this country. An artistic genre from this country has a name meaning "pictures of the floating world." One artist in that genre created a series of thirty-six views of a mountain in this country. For 10 points, name this country whose painters include Hiroshige and Hokusai.
Output: Fine Arts
composer's third string quartet is in E major and contains a second movement whose scherzo sections alternate with brief fugal passages. He revised his first string quintet to add a slow movement commemorating the death of his friend, the virtuoso violinist Edouard Rietz, and this composer's second symphony includes such movements as "I waited for the Lord" and "My song shall be always thy mercy. " This man wrote that his Opus 20 "must be played by all instruments in a symphonic orchestral style" and in fact arranged for full orchestra the second movement of that work, which is scored for four violins, two cellos, and two violas. Along with his string octet, this composer of the "Hymns of Praise" symphony wrote eight books of six pieces each for solo piano, including the Songs Without Words, dedicated to his sister Fanny. FTP, name this composer of the "Italian" and "Reformation" symphonies and the Hebrides overture.
Output: Fine Arts
Linda Seidel published an analysis of this work in 1993, with the subtitle Stories of An Icon. The cherry tree outside of the window on the left bears fruit, indicating that the scene takes place in the summer. Four strings of amber beads are hanging on the back wall right next to a convex mirror, which is believed to contain a small self-portrait of the painter. The chandelier on the ceiling contains only one candle, and the small dog in front of the two people in this work is believed to symbolize fidelity. The man wears a black hat and a brown robe, while the woman wears a green dress and a white headscarf. FTP, name this portrait by Jan van Eyck showing a recently married couple.
Output: Fine Arts
A ligand containing it as its central atom dissociates from rhodium(I) ["rhodium-one"] in the catalytic mechanism of Wilkinson's catalyst. It is found in a four-membered ring with sulfur in Lawesson's reagent, and this element nucleophilically attacks nitrogen in the Staudinger reaction and the Mitsunobu reaction. It was discovered in 1669 by German alchemist Hennig Brand where is was prepared through a sample of his own urine. Existing as both red and white allotropes, FTP, identify this nonmetallic element that is found below nitrogen as element number 15 on the periodic table.
Output: Science
One animal of this type was given to Procris after she cured Midass curse, but was turned to stone along with the Teumessian fox by Zeus. Four to six heads of this animal are attached to Scyllas waist, and one of them dies after being the first to see Odysseus on Ithaca. In addition to Laelaps, a two-headed Erytheian type of this animal belonged to Eurytion and protected the red cattle of Geryon. That animal, Orthrus, was the brother of another of these animals that frightens Eurystheus when Hercules brings him out of Hades on a labor. For 10 points, name this animal, examples of which are Sirius and the three-headed Cerberus.
Output: Social Science
It is often believed that either verses by Agnolo Poliziano or texts by Ovid and Lucretius were the inspirations for this painting. Its artist gave one of this painting's characters the face of another person, whose portrait he had painted in Catherine of Alexandria. In this painting, the central figure, who is wearing a red cloak, is next to Flora, who is scattering flowers on the ground to her right. Stretching his hand upward to pick oranges is Mercury, wearing his winged shoes and bearing his caduceus. On the right, Zephyr is in pursuit of the nymph Chloris, while Cupid, floating above Venus, is aiming his arrows at the Graces, who are dancing at left. FTP, name this Sandro Botticelli painting which depicts the arrival of the title season
Output: Fine Arts
Procedures of this type can provide polynomial time solutions to such problems as finding optimal places to insert line breaks in a body of text, finding the largest common substring of two strings, and the integer knapsack problem. They can provide vast improvements over exhaustive search algorithms by caching the answers to intermediate computations. FTP, name this type of algorithm that generally uses recurrence relations and the principle of optimality to solve optimization problems by first solving related subproblems, and which often works where greedy algorithms fail.
Output: Science
One of this author's poems tells its addressee to foster justice instead of violence after describing a fable about a hawk carrying a nightingale in its talons. A poem by Alcidamas ends with judges awarding a victory to this author, whose Catelogues of Women is no longer extant. In a poem addressed to Perses, this author argued that men passed through (*) ages of gold, silver, bronze, and heroes before the current age of iron. This author included a hymn to Hecate in his longest poem, which describes Aphrodite's birth from the semen of the castrated Uranus. For 10 points, name this ancient Greek poet of Works and Days and Theogony.
Output: Literature
F. T. Frelinghuysen served as Secretary of State for this US President, who kept 80 pairs of pants in his wardrobe. His father was a co-founder of the New York Antislavery Society, and as a young lawyer, he won a landmark case leading to desegregation of public transport in New York City. This associate of Roscoe Conkling used tax money to reward political supporters after President Grant appointed him Collector of the Port of New York in 1871, and the Pendleton Act was passed 12 years later, during his presidency. For ten points, name this man who became president after James Garfield was shot.
Output: History
It's not childbirth, but one god of this domain had a name mistranslated as "placenta king," and displaced an older god of it named Iah. During the Middle Kingdom, this domain was represented symbolically by a lake at Karnak, and by the youngest member of the Theban Triad, who was the son of Mut and Amun. One god of this domain allowed Kheru-Ur and four other new deities to be born from Nut after losing one seventy-second of his power, elongating the year by five days. This realm was represented by Khonsu, who lost a gambling game to Thoth. This object also corresponds to a body part removed in combat with Set. For 10 points, name this cosmic object which ancient Egyptians equated with the ripped-out left eye of Horus.
Output: Social Science
Chris Marker's theory that the second half of this film mostly takes place in the mind of its protagonist partially hinges on the fact that it takes months to get reservations at Ernie's. This film uses an extensive amount of profile shots of one character whom the main character is tasked to follow by Gavin Elster. That character, a look-alike of Madeline, pretends to have been overtaken by the spirit of Carlotta Valdez so that Madeleine's fall from the top of the bell tower at the Mission San Juan Bautista could be ruled a suicide. For 10 points, name this Alfred Hitchock film in which Scottie Ferguson pursues a mysterious woman but is hampered by his titular dizziness.
Output: Fine Arts
His poems include an admonishment to a Spaniard for brushing his teeth with piss, a warning to a napkin-thief, a tirade against an  over-priced prostitute, and a vicious warning to two former friends that he will orally and anally rape them. He also wrote a masturbation joke addressed to Cato the Younger and implied that Caesar was a homosexual. His more traditional works include an ode on his brother's tomb, containing the words, "frater, ave atque vale. "  However, he is best known for his love poems which include a defense of his lover against Quintia and a poem about her sparrow. FTP identify this Roman poet who loved Lesbia.
Output: Literature
One analogue to this rule is named for Hopkinson and has constant of proportionality the reluctance; this rule and Hopkinsons law may be combined for a circulating magnetic field in a plasma to analyze a namesake form of heating. A generalization of this equation states that the current density equals the sum over n from 1 to infinity of the nth conductivity tensor acting on the nth direct product of the electric field; truncating to first order gives the microscopic form of this law, j equals sigma E, which may be averaged to give the more familiar lumped circuit form. For 10 points, name this physical law that says that the voltage drop is the current times the resistance, or V equals I R; a law named for a German high school teacher.
Output: Science
The non-linear Anscombe transform on this type of variable sets the variance of it to 1, and Dobinski's formula demonstrates that nth Bell number is the nth moment of this distribution. With PDF proportional to its characteristic value to the k over k factorial, the difference between two variables with this distribution follows the Skellam distribution, and it can be considered a limiting case of the binomial distribution. It has both mean and variance lambda, and von Bortkiewicz used it to model deaths by horse kick in the Prussian army, illustrating his proposed Law of Small Numbers. For 10 points, identify this probability distribution, used to model the number of low-probability events that occur in a specific time period.
Output: Science
This man acted as assistant to Andrew Talcott, helping to build Fort Calhoun and Fort Monroe. He found a flanking route at the Battle of Cerro Gordo during the Mexican-American War. This man took over Joseph Johnston's post after Johnston was wounded at the Battle of Seven Pines. This man won at the Battles of the (*) Wilderness and Cold Harbor, as well as Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville. He suffered losses at Antietam and Gettysburg. For 10 points, name this leader of the Confederate army.
Output: History