niryuu/sni-each-converted huggingface dataset:
The parodic nature of one of this composer's works is argued for by William Kinderman and by Alfred Brendel, who gave its movements titles like "Cheerful Spook" and "The Virtuoso at Boiling Point." The fourth and last movement of one of his works consists of a Largo introduction and a demanding three-voice fugue. Ludwig Nohl discovered another of his works, whose A minor opening theme is marked "Poco moto." A piano sonata by this composer opens with an Adagio sostenuto movement with the right hand playing triplets, and ends with a stormy Presto agitato. This composer's "Bagatelle in A Minor" is more commonly referred to by its dedication to an unknown woman. He composed the Hammerklavier and a piano sonata subtitled "Quasi una fantasia" whose nickname was coined by Ludwig Rellstab. For 10 points, name this composer of the Diabelli Variations, Fur Elise and the Moonlight Sonata.
Output: Fine Arts
This author wrote "Life's 'great things,' like the Syrian lord / our hearts can do and dare" in "The  Cypress-Tree of Ceylon" In another poem, he wrote "Oh nebber you fear, if nebber you hear, / De  driver blow his horn!" during the "Song of the Negro Boatmen," part of "At Port Royal," and he also  wrote "When faith is lost, when honor dies / The man is dead!" in a poem condemning (*) Daniel  Webster's endorsement of the Fugitive Slave Act. The title character does not marry the Judge in a  poem that says "Of all sad words of tongue and pen, the saddest are these: 'It might have been!'" The  call "Boys, a path!" leads to the creation of "A tunnel walled and overlaid / With dazzling crystal" in  another of his poems. For 10 points, name this author of "Ichabod," "Maud Muller," and "Snow-Bound,"  whose title character says "Shoot, if you must, this old gray head, but spare your country's flag" in  "Barbara Frietchie."
Output: Literature
One character in this novel begins a friendship with a woman who works at the Red Lantern, a brothel, and gives her money to start a new life. One character, Amanda, gets pregnant, and the fathers brother Jaime performs an abortion on her. The central family in this work lives in the estate Tres Marias, and after Rosas death, one character remains silent nine years, only to predict her daughters eventual husband afterward. Esteban Garcia arrests and tortures one character in this novel, and that character, Alba, is protected by her grandmother Claras spirit. For ten points, identify this Magical Realist novel about Blanca Trueba and her mother and daughter, a work by Isabel Allende.
Output: Literature
Dennis R. Dean has argued that one line in this poem is intended as a quote of Joshua Reynolds, and the lines "Don't know / Nice, though" appear in a Desmond Skirrow poem titled for [this poem] "summarized. " This poem speaks of a figure that can "express a flowery tale more sweetly than our rhyme," and it asks questions like "what struggle to escape" and "what wild ecstasy" Another section of this poems asks "what little town by river or sea-shore [. . . ] is emptied of its folk, this pious morn" This poem describes a (*) "happy melodist, unwearied, for ever piping songs for ever new" after claiming that "heard melodies are sweet, but those unheard are sweeter. " This poem addresses "thou still unravish'd bride of quietness," and it ends by proclaiming something "that is all ye know on earth, and all ye need to know. " For 10 points, name this poem that claims "beauty is truth, truth beauty," an ode by John Keats.
Output: Literature
John Braithwaite argues that disintegrative shaming reinforces this behavior, which comes after humiliation according to Jack Katz's The Seductions of [this concept]. The innovator is most susceptible to it according to Robert Merton's strain theory, while Steven Pinker linked it to abortion rates. Segregation of the lower-class by this action prevents rebellions according to Michel Foucault. Coming in malum in se and malum prohibitum forms, it was compensated for "eye for eye" in the Code of Hammurabi. An international tribunal in The Hague tries those who commit these actions against humanity. For 10 points, name this law-breaking behavior.
Output: Social Science
This politician was forced to move after beating William Stanbery with a hickory cane. He ran a trading post among the Cherokee, who named him "Big Drunk. " Edward Clark replaced him as Governor of his state because of his vehement opposition to secession, while Anson Jones replaced him in another position. As a commander, he won a battle with the help of cannon nicknamed "Twin Sisters," although direct disobedience of his orders to retreat led to disasters at Bexar and Goliad. For 10 points, name this man who won the Battle of San Jacinto over the forces of Santa Anna, the first elected president of Texas.
Output: History
It was first discovered in an 1821 experiment using a copper strip and a bismuth strip, although it holds true for any pair of metals. It was discovered that merely holding part of the experimental apparatus was sufficient to cause this to occur. Used to measure temperature accurately in thermocouples, for ten points, name this thermoelectric effect in which an electromotive force is produced in a closed circuit where two junctions of dissimilar conductors are maintained at different temperatures.
Output: Science
An attack on this man's life failed due to the bullet hitting a photograph of his daughter Anne, who suffered from Down's syndrome. As a former cabinet member, he would launch his appeal of the 18th of June so as to reinvigorate his country's morale. Following the results of the October referendum, he temporarily stepped down, and as his RPF movement didn't gain momentum, his wilderness years would last a total of twelve years, devoted on writing his war memoirs and waiting to be recalled. Called back to service by his country at the verge of civil war and military uprising in 1958, he would change its stumbling political system and act as a stabilizer by changing its constitution. Heavily attacked by street protests in 1968, he again overcame the threat of street riots and civil war and again emerged victorious, only to resign one year later over a relatively minor issue of devolution and reform of the French senate. FTP, who is this French president and general, founder of the fifth republic
Output: History
Krishna was given the gem Syamantaka by the Hindu king of these animals, Jambavantha. Agrius and Oreus were half-human and half this creature before they were turned into birds, and another Greek myth has it that Atalanta was raised by one after being abandoned in the forest. Korean legend states that Tangun, founder of the nation, was born from a woman who had previously been one of these animals. The daughter of Lycaon was turned into one of these animals after Zeus raped her and impregnated her with Arcas, who later almost killed her while hunting. For 10 points, what is this animal into which the nymph Callisto was changed, and is represented in the stars by Ursa Major.
Output: Social Science
A prior painting of the same subject includes two lovers in the foreground and a reflection of city lights on the Rhne River. The buildings in the foreground are created with straight strokes, with a church spire just breaking the sky. Venus is created with spiraling strokes, and located slightly left of the center, which some say resembles a yin-yang. To the left of them, cypress trees extend to the heavens. FTP, name this nocturnal portrait of the village of Saint-Remy by Vincent Van Gogh.
Output: Fine Arts
A law that improves on this one is formed by summing permeability times concentration over ion species that are positive and outside, negative and inside, positive and inside, and negative and outside, then diving the sum of the first two terms by the sum of second two and taking a logarithm. This equation can be derived by considering that the reaction quotient for a system of Arrhenius conjugates is the exponential of a standard chemical potential; it is thus a one-species approximation to the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation. This equation can also be derived by balancing partial current densities. This equation contains a constant, k T over q, that measures the deviation from standard potential. For 10 points, name this equation that computes reduction potentials for electrochemical cells and that is named for a German chemist.
Output: Science
This mathematician names an integral to compute the number of times a knot may be mapped onto the sphere, giving the linking number. A formula that sets the integral over a manifold's boundary of the geodesic curvature plus the integral over the manifold of his curvature equal to two pi times the Euler characteristic is named for him and for Bonnet. He is the namesake of a probability distribution which maximizes entropy for a given mean and variance; that distribution is followed by the sums of random variables according to the central limit theorem and has the general form e to negative x squared. For 10 points, name this namesake of the normal distribution.
Output: Science
Halogen addition to them creates a mixture of a 1-2 and 1-4 addition product. One preparation of them involves butane undergoing thermal dehydration. Another synthesis of the conjugated variety of this chemical group involves elimination of unsaturated alcohols and alkyl halides. They include a number of useful reagents, including ones named for Chan, Dane, Brassard, Rawal, and Danishefsky. In addition to the conjugated variety, they also occur in isolated and cumulated varieties. Conjugation energy guarantees that the conjugated form is the most stable. For ten points, what is this organic functional group whose 1,3 variety are a principal reactant in the Diels-Alder reaction, and which is characterized by a pair of double bonds.
Output: Science
It is depicted "by moonlight" in an 1885 work by Hercules Brabazon Brabazon, and is shown at "night" by Canadian painter James Wilson Morrice. Michele Marieschi lived here until 1735 and painted numerous capriccios of places in it. A man in black talks to a woman wearing a black shawl and a pink dress on a "street" in this city in an 1880 painting by John Singer Sargent. It appears "at dusk" in a 1908 painting by Claude Monet, which features its Church of San Giorgio Maggiore. It was painted many times by Turner, who depicted the Rialto and a scene "looking toward the Dogana" that shows the Grand Canal. FTP, name this Italian city which also appears in many paintings by Canaletto.
Output: Fine Arts
Among his compositions are "Heart Wounds" and "The Last Spring," melodies after a popular poem of his nation. His piano works include the Humoresques and 66 Lyric Pieces, among which are the "Cradle Song" and "Wedding Day at Troldhaugen. "  His first major work was the Piano Concerto in A minor, which was first sight-read by Franz Liszt, but he gained widespread fame with a piece of incidental music he was asked to write in 1876. FTP, name this author of the Holberg Suite and two suites for Peer Gynt, the greatest Norwegian composer.
Output: Fine Arts
This composer's ballets include Plymouth Town and The Prince of the Pagodas. He featured a Boisterous Bouree and Frolicsome Finale in a work based on tunes he wrote as a child, his Simple Symphony. Each section of the orchestra plays, in sequence, the tune of one of his works subtitled ""Variations and Fugue on a Theme of Purcell,"" and he used the poetry of Wilfred Owen in (*) War Requiem. Operas such as Peter Grimes were also composed by, for 10 points, which English composer of the Young Person's Guide to the Orchestra
Output: Fine Arts
One work by this author describes Narcissus's influence over Nero and the affect that has on Agrippa. He drew on the Old Testament for a play in which Joad and Joas lead the defeat of the titular mother of Ochiozias. In addition to Britannicus and Athalie, another of his works describes Acomat, who attempts to use the title figure and Roxane to take power away from Sultan Amurath in his Bajazet. One work by this author describes Pyrrhus marries Hermione despite his love for the titular mother of Astyanax. In another of this man's works, based on a Euripedes play and set in Troezen, Theseus eventually takes in Aricia as a daughter after Hippolytus is squashed by a sea monster. For 10 points, name this French playwright of Iphegenie, Andromaque, and Phaedra.
Output: Literature
character in this play tells of a dream in which he had killed hundreds of children while presiding over a ritual sacrifice. Another of its characters remembers working in an electronics store and only communicates through advertising jingles at its beginning. That character recalls his father Frank tearing up an image of the crucifixion, and under the influence of a placebo truth pill he recalls encountering his father at a pornographic film he attends with Jill Mason. While under hypnosis, a main character in this play remembers his childhood encounter with a rider on a beach and the time he bowed to Nugget. In this play, the seventeen year old Alan Strang reveals to the psychiatrist Martin Dysart his belief in the title god and his justification for blinding six horses. For 10 points, name this play by Peter Shaffer.
Output: Literature
This book mentions that "every seed-bearing herb" shall be for food. The sixth part of the yearly reading of the Torah focuses on the Toledot section of this book, while the Hebrew name for its first chapter comes from its first word, Bereshit. Several sections of this book's first chapter end with the phrase, "And there was evening and there was morning." In this book, the central figure instructs, "Increase and multiply and fill the earth" to characters made in "his own image and likeness." This book's third verse has the line, "Let there be light." For 10 points, name this book of the Bible in which God creates the heaven and the earth, the first book of the Bible.
Output: Social Science
This author describes A troop of Echoes whose sweet duty / Was but to sing,The wit and wisdom of their king. This author wrote of angels who affirm / That the play is the tragedy, Man, / and its hero the titular creature. He claimed, Here once through an alley Titanic, / of cypress, I roamed with my soul, and he exalted Science! true daughter of Old Time thou art! One of his speakers dreamed dreams no mortals ever dared to dream before, and one of his best-known poems describes a homecoming To the glory that was Greece / And the grandeur that was Rome. FTP, name this poet who described a locale Over the mountains / of the moon, a maiden In a kingdom by the sea, and the tintinnabulation of certain devices.
Output: Literature
Two characters in this book achieve fame as singers, and are respectively nicknamed Wee Willie Winkie and The Brass Monkey. William Methwold is secretly the father of one character in this book, and Mary Pereira, who later opens a pickling concern, is responsible for the deception that drives the plot. A child in this novel, Aadam, has enormous ears, which are attributed to his arrival in the world during a state of emergency proclaimed in 1975. The knees and nose of the two central figures have magic powers, though one such character exposes the secret, causing all of his cohorts to be sterilized. For 10 points, name this novel about the Indians born just as the country received its independence, a story of Shiva and Saleem Sinai by Salman Rushdie.
Output: Literature
He painted a combination of dancers and guitarists in El Jaleo, and depicted the brutality of World War I in the painting Gassed. He painted three well-dressed women in The Misses Vickers, and one of his paintings features the four title figures and a pair of large vases, The(*) Daughters of Edward Darley Boit. He took breaks from playing tennis to execute a painting of a pair of girls with lamps, but his best known painting depicts a woman in a dark dress. For 10 points, name this American painter of Carnation, Lily, Lily, Rose, and Portait of Madame X.
Output: Fine Arts
In 1981, Takeda et. al devised a method for fringe-pattern analysis that used this operation to detect small phase variations. Performing this operation on a Dirac comb returns itself. Applying this operation to a function that is in L1 and L2 will necessarily result in a product in L2 by Plancherel's theorem. This operation is unitary by Parseval's relation. Performing this operation on any constant function yields the Dirac delta function, while performing this operation on an image can decompose it into a sum of sines and cosines. Cooley and Tukey developed an algorithm for implementing its "fast" variety. For 10 points, name this transformation that takes an input in the time domain and maps it to the frequency domain.
Output: Science
This multilinear function can be used to determine orientation in Euclidean spaces, and the Gram is a type of this obtained from integrals of functions. It can be used to find the eigenvalues of an endomorphism, and can be calculated recursively using cofactors, summing the minors multiplied by one or negative one. It is Abelian, while the structure it is calculated from is not, and is not invertible. The Wronskian is obtained from functions and derivatives. When it has a value of one, that structure is unimodular, a value of zero means that structure is singular, and it remains constant under the transpose operation. It is used in Cramer's Rule to solve systems of linear equations. For 10 points, name this mathematical object derived from matrices, which for a two by two matrix can be calculated as a*d - b*c.
Output: Science
This object had a hydrogen atmosphere blown away by solar wind and was thought to develop ridges on its terrain when its neighboring satellite pulled it into an elliptical orbit, squeezing this moon and rumpling its crust. The Hubble Telescope detected an ozone here in 1995, and the Galileo spacecraft has detected a (*) magnetic field around this moon, which is stronger than those found on other satellites. One prominent feature of this moon is the dark plain named Galileo Regio. It is the largest of a group consisting of Callisto, Io, and others that orbit the same planet. For 10 points, identify this moon of Jupiter, the largest satellite in the solar system.
Output: Science
One of the main characters of this work tried to kill himself after reveling in the beauty of an outhouse and encountering the titular figure. It begins with an account of the title character's domination fetishes, and the destructive potential of the female characters is mirrored by a church sermon on the death of John the Baptist. Thoughts of opening a hotel on Lake Como are repeatedly dashed by the title character's feminism, her lover's sadism and class resentment, and Christine's horror at both of them. The entry of the count prompts Jean to command, FTP, what female protagonist of an August Strindberg play to commit suicide
Output: Literature
Performing "electro-deoxidation" on an oxide of this metal may be able to improve on the current method of producing it and is called the Fray-Farthing-Chen Process. Along with a heavier element, extremely pure varieties of this element can be produced in the crystal bar process. When this element is combined with two oxygen molecules it yields a compound that produces the asterism in star sapphires, rutile.One method for producing the metallic form of this element yields a "sponge" form of it and replaced the Hunter Process; the creator of that method also devised a way to produce the chemically similar element, Zirconium.This transition metal is extracted in the Kroll process.For 10 points, name this strong, lightweight element with atomic number 22 and symbol Ti.
Output: Science
Kras, Slovenia, was deforested to supply foundations for the buildings in this location, which is connected to Porto Marghera by the Ponte della Libert. Neighbored by Lido to the southeast and Murano to the northeast, this comune is divided into six sestiere. The acqua alta phenomenon results in flooding of Chioggia and this area, but is not related to the 20th century subsidence of this settlement. Though it includes an island called Giudecca, Cannaregio in the north was the site of its famous Jewish ghetto. For 10 points, what city on the Adriatic is home to historic sites such as the Rialto Bridge and the Grand Canal
Output: History
A bridge in Cody, Wyoming may have inspired this man's painting of a mule-led covered wagon train, Going West. On the way back from a Japanese exhibition, this man's Mural on Indian Red Ground was confiscated by Iranian customs in 2012. He depicted "a stampede [of] every animal in the American West" in his work Mural. In 1973, a painting by this student of Thomas Hart Benton was (*) controversially purchased for $1.3 million by the National Gallery of Australia. A line from The Tempest inspired his work Full Fathom Five, while his painting Number 1, 1950 is subtitled Lavender Mist. For 10 points, name this American abstract expressionist whose style of action painting led to his nickname, "Jack the Dripper".
Output: Fine Arts
One character in this work speaks in rhymes to his new wife and marvels at her long black hair for the first year of their marriage, but then begins to believe she has been spoiled. In addition to Logan Killicks, one character in this work becomes the mayor and postmaster of an all-black community, while another character in this work criticizes Jody's impotence in public and is beaten before killing her third husband and being acquitted of the crime by an all-white jury. For 10 pointsname this work in which Tea Cake is bitten by a rabid dog, causing Janie Crawford to move back to Eatonville, Florida, a work by Zora Neale Hurston.
Output: Fine Arts
One of his characters leaves her husband Andre Chazal to win support for her cause, though this life of Flora Tristan is parallel to that of her grandson Paul Gauguin. Another of his characters, Don Anselmo, builds a brothel that houses the young Bonificia. In addition to the aforementioned The Way to Paradise and The Green House, he chronicled a conflict between the Brazilian Army and a group of militant settlers in The War at the End of the World and intimated on his military training in The Time of the Hero. FTP name this Chilean novelist who described a friendship with radio producer Pedro Camancho and a relationship with Uncle Urquidi's wife in Aunt Julia and the Scriptwriter.
Output: Literature
Claude Debussy's piano works Masques and L'Isle Joyeuse were inspired by this painting. Its creator produced two versions of this painting, in 1716 and 1718, the earlier of which is in the Louvre. The statue of Venus in the first version is armless and in profile, while in the latter she is intact and in contrapposto. The primary couple is pretty similar in both versions, the woman's blue skirt fully visible under her long silken shawl, a man seemingly nuzzling at her right shoulder. Depicting a "fete galantes," lovers in a pastoral setting, FTP name this classic Rococo set on the island on which Venus was born, a work by Jean-Antoine Watteau.
Output: Fine Arts
Various legends descibe how the body of the losing commander slain at this battle was either displayed for two days at Leicester or merely pitched off a bridge into the River Soar, where it was later found and buried at the Greyfriars Monastery. Though the winning commander managed to gather forces numbering about five thousand during a march to Ambion Hill, he still faced an opponent more than three times as large. This battle saw the death of the Duke of Norfolk as well as the losing commander. Helped in no small part by the treachery of the brothers Sir William and Thomas Lord Stanley, FTP, name this battle of 1485 in which Richard III was slain and Henry Tudor was crowned, ending the Wars of the Roses.
Output: History
Among the causes of this event are the Doctrine of Lapse, which saw the lands of feudal rulers turned over to the government if a male heir was not chosen, and the circulation of the quote Everything has become red. Sir Hugh Rose led the final campaign against it, and much of the fighting took place in Cawnpore, Lucknow, and Meerut. It was set off by the introduction of the Enfield rifle, which required the biting off of lubricated cartridges, and the participants believed that the lube was a mix of pig and cow lard.FTP, identify this 1857 revolt in British India.
Output: Literature
This man wrote a novella in which a man talks to and ultimately decides to keep an object he had borrowed, a woman's right arm. Many of his short stories are collected in Palm-of-the-Hand Stories. In one work by this man, a family patriarch, Shingo, hears noises that he takes as omens of death, including the title Sound of the Mountain. His most famous work centers on the ballet critic Shimamura, who takes a train to the title location, where he has an affair with Komako, a geisha. For 10 points, name this author of Snow Country.
Output: Literature
Among the Iroquois, this animal was associated with the north wind. Andarta and Artio were Celtic goddesses associated with these creatures. According to Saxo Grammaticus, the Danish hero Hialto gained strength and courage after consuming the flesh and blood of one of these creatures. In Hindu tradition, the king of these animals can be harmed only by avatars of Vishnu and is accidentally killed by Krishna; that king, Jamvuman, helps Hanuman and Rama in the Ramayana. Among Tungusic tribes, this animal is captured, kept for several years, and then sacrificed, and the sacrifice of this animal is the central religious ritual of the Ainu peoples of Japan. A nymph who was transformed into one of these creatures gave birth to Arcas after being seduced by Zeus, who was disguised as Artemis; that nymph was Callisto. For ten points, name this type of creature frequently preyed upon by Lions, Vikings, and Packers in the NFC North.
Output: Social Science
In one notable episode, the main character of this work angers an earth goddess by beating his youngest wife during the Week of Peace. In order to avoid appearing weak, that protagonist ignored advice not to take part in the ritual sacrifice of Ikemefuna; later, a misfiring of that protagonist's gun causes his exile. This work's protagonist's favorite child is his daughter Ezinma; he is especially ashamed when his son Nwoye converts to Christianity. Taking its title from Yeats's The Second Coming, it is set in the fictional village of Umuofia. FTP, name this novel about Okonkwo written by Chinua Achebe.
Output: Literature
A 22q11 deletion or DISC1 disruption can predispose individuals to this disorder, which was once called dementia praecox. Those affected lack smooth pursuit and exhibit poor mental flexibility to shifting patterns on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. It's not autism, but the "refrigerator mother" is a debunked theory of its occurrence. Haldol, Thorazine, and clozapine are commonly used to treat this disorder, which can manifest negative symptoms, such as flat affect and waxy flexibility, and positive symptoms, such as delusions and hallucinations. For 10 points, name this disorder with catatonic and paranoid types, which misleadingly means "split mind" in Greek.
Output: History
The central figure in this work is possibly based on Simonetta Vespucci. The bottom-left corner of this work displays cattails, while the right side of this painting contains three tall trees and an orange grove in the background, as well as a red-haired figure who extends a red, floral-patterned robe towards the title figure. On the left side of this painting, many roses fall around Chloris and Zephyr, who blow wind towards the title figure as she stands upon a clamshell and emerges from the sea. For 10 points, name this Botticelli painting which depicts the title Roman goddess of love.
Output: Fine Arts
Its significance was identified in 1972 by Kerr, Wylie, and Currie. Affecting scattered single cells, features include the disintegration of cell junctions, cytoplasmic condensation, and fragmentation of the nucleus. A mutation in gene p53 stops this process which cells in the uterine wall undergo monthly. For ten points, name this alternative to necrosis, a programmed form of cell death.
Output: Science
An important critique of this work was published five years after its author's death and asserts that much of this work was based on the made-up stories of two teenagers; that critique is by (*) Derek Freeman. Published with a forward by Franz Boas, it was based on its author's time living on the island of Ta'u where she observed that teenagers living in an open and non-secretive society had relatively stress-free lives compared to their American counterparts. For 10 points, name this influential anthropology book by Margaret Mead.
Output: Social Science
A suite by a composer from this country contains a piece depicting the procession of Corpus Christi and opens with a piece called "Evocation". This country lends its name to an orchestral rhapsody by Emmanuel Chabrier. A set of "gypsy airs" called Zigeunerweisen was written by a violin virtuoso from this country. That man was the dedicatee of a violin concerto by Edouard Lalo whose title suggests it is a (*) "symphony" from this country. A composer from this country included the "Ritual Fire Dance" and the "Dance of the Miller's Wife" in, respectively, his ballets Love, the Magician and The Three-Cornered Hat. For 10 points, name this home country of Isaac Albeniz and Manuel de Falla, the former of whom composed Iberia.
Output: Fine Arts
In one of this man's paintings, a man with a knife kneels on the ground next to two men dueling on horseback. In another, a plain woman with a white shirt and brown hair looks to the right with wide eyes. In addition to Combat of Giaour and Hassan and Orphan Girl in a Cemetary, another of this man's works features a man wearing a turban overlooking the titular slaughter of Greeks and is titled The Massacre at Chios. A black servant is the only moving member of the titular group in his Women of Algiers, and another work features a woman walking amongst fallen bodies and carrying the French flag. For 10 points, name this artist of Liberty Leading the People.
Output: Fine Arts
A poem addressed to this man suggests that one of his own works described men dressed "half like Romans and half like the Knave of Hearts". This man, who is told to "hang it all" because "there can be but one Sordello" in Ezra Pound's Three Cantos, opened his collection Men and Women with a poem that abruptly concludes "Love is best" called "Love (*) Among the Ruins". One of this poet's speakers describes how "tonight's gay feast" could not "restrain / a sudden thought of one so pale" and relates that a certain woman "has not said a word!" after being strangled with her own hair. The subject of his most famous poem is accused of having "a heart too soon made glad" by a man who proudly describes Fra Pandolf's painting of her. For 10 points, name this British poet of such dramatic monologues as "Porphyria's Lover" and "My Last Duchess".
Output: Literature
In one myth about him he is comforted by Thetis after being driven out of the land of Lycurgus of Thrace. Another tells of his kidnapping by pirates whom he turns into dolphins when they jump off the ship. He was cared for in his childhood by the nymphs of Nysa as well as his aunt Ino. He is often given as the father of Priapus and Deianira and his tutor was Silenus. Born from the thigh of Zeus after his mother, Semele, perished when she saw Zeus in his god-form, FTP, name this leader of the maenads and god of revelry and wine.
Output: Social Science
dynasty won at the Battle of Ningyuan with Yuan Chonghuan commanding 10,000 troops against a force of over 60,000. This dynasty heavily relied on silver imports, but still forbade much naval trade with haijin because Wokou harassed the coastline. Although the first emperor of this dynasty, who was a former peasant, banned eunuchs from public participation, by the time of the Wanli emperor, eunuchs regained prominence. One emperor of this dynasty came to power twice, once as Zhengtong and again as Tianshun because he was captured by the Mongols. Although originally based in Nanjing, this dynasty's tombs are located near Beijing, the capital of this dynasty. Suffering the Tumu Crisis and ruled by the Zhu family, this dynasty's first emperor came to power as a leader of the Red Turban Rebellion to defeat the previous Yuan dynasty. For 10 points, name this last native Chinese dynasty.
Output: History
Dante Gabriel Rosetti described how this man "stayed the knout's red-ravening fangs. " His reign saw the introduction of the markka currency after he reestablished the Diet of Finland, and this man appointed Pyotr Shubalov as head of his secret police. In addition to establishing local assemblies called zemstvos, he passed an army statute implemented by Dmitry Milyutin which provided military training for all young men. He gave broad powers to his interior minister Mikhail Loris-Melikhov, whose namesake constitution was still being planned when the terrorist group People's Will assassinated this man. FTP, name this Russian czar who emancipated the serfs.
Output: History
During the Civil War, Union commander John Slough defeated Charles Pryon at this current state's Glorieta Pass. Later, this state's Lincoln County was the site of a conflict involving John Chisum, Pat Garret, and the outlaw Billy the Kid. It is home to the White Sands Proving Ground, where the "Trinity" test was conducted. For 10 points, name this home state of the Los Alamos nuclear laboratory.
Output: History
Highly symmetric designs known as Veve are religious symbols used to represent worshiped figures in this religion, and uninitiated members of this religion are known as bossale. Some important entities of this religion are serpents known as Simbi and a forest element known as Grand Bois. Priests for hire in this religion are sometimes known as Bokor, and they can create a talisman known as an ouanga to house spirits. Priests of this faith are known as houngan, and it refers to its god as Bondye. FTP, name this religion whose spirits are known as loa and whose mythos involves zombies, predominantly found in West Africa and Haiti.
Output: Social Science
The two attendants Yaksha and Yakshini look after the needs of these figures. Two of them are always artistically depicted with cobra hoods over their heads, while all others are depicted in the Kayotsarga posture with their right hand over their left lap. The gender of one of these people, Mallinath, is disputed. Each is smaller than the one that came before him, with the oldest, Rishabha, or Lord Bull, being 1,500 meters tall and living billions of years ago. With a name meaning "ford makers" and numbering twenty-four in total ending with Mahavira, for ten points name these holy figures from Jainism.
Output: Social Science
One man's bent wrist in this painting mirrors the bent wrist of Adam in Michelangelo's Creation of Adam. A boy clad in black and white in this work stares at the hand of Saint Peter and has a sword on his left hip. This painting's companion works are in the Contarelli Chapel and depict the "Inspiration" and "Martyrdom" of the title figure. The four-panel window at the top-right corner of this painting is illuminated by a single shaft of light, which shines down onto the central apostle, who is pointing at himself. For 10 points, name this Caravaggio painting of the "calling" of the title tax collector.
Output: Fine Arts
The proportionality constant is plotted against the Sommerfeld number in the Stribeck curve, and Dahl's model gives the magnitude of this phenomenon as a function of displacement. Though it is not ferromagnetism, hysteresis operators are used to describe this phenomenon in the Bliman-Sorine Model. The LuGre model for it originally did not account for non-local memory, and the most common model for it describes interaction between asperities. The first empirical laws regarding it were developed by Coulomb who names a "dry" form of this force, and it is proportional to the normal force exerted on the object. For 10 points, identify this force which always opposes the motion of an object and comes in static and kinetic varieties.
Output: Science
Adherents of this religion believe in a seven tiered heaven where the top level is reserved for liberated souls. Practitioners of this religion believe that the earthly realm, or jambudnoa, also has seven parts, but that deliverance is only possible in three of these. Central to this religion are twenty-four omniscient beings called Tirthankaras, and the two main branches of this religion are Svetambara and Digambara, or white-clad and sky-clad. For 10 points, name this Indian religion whose followers practice a severe form of nonviolence known as Ahimsa.
Output: Social Science
This author wrote a novel whose title character saves Mordecai's sister from drowning, encounters the gambling Gwendolen Harleth, and searches for the family of Mirah Lapidoth. Another of this author's novels sees one character abandon her baby while searching for its father, Captain Donnithorne. One of this author's novels sees a character courted by Phillip Wakem and Stephen Guest named Maggie Tulliver. Another work by this author of Daniel Deronda and Adam Bede sees Reverend Causabon die, leaving his widow Dorothea Brooke to marry Will Ladislaw. For 10 points, name this author of The Mill on the Floss and Middlemarch.
Output: Literature
One character with this last name gives his son a name meaning "the mind is at last at rest" because he is grateful to sire a son after having many daughters. A character of this name divorces his wife Ma Blackie, and refuses to let Chike marry Aku-nna because he is descended from slaves in Buchi Emecheta's The Bride Price. Another man with this last name visits Funchal while on a boat trip with Mr. Macmillan, and declares that he is tired of "boiled potatoes" while at a restaurant with his friend Joseph. That character with this surname is sent to England to study law thanks to a scholarship from the UPU, is put on trial for taking bribes after being caught in a sting operation, and has a controversial relationship with the osu Clara. Another character with this name kills his adopted son Ikemefuna and hangs himself after chafing against the British colonial presence in Umuofia. For 10 points, give this name of the main character in Things Fall Apart.
Output: Literature
The amphiblastula forms after inversion of the stomoblastula in members of this phylum. A member of it is affected by red band syndrome and another is known as Venus's-flower-basket. Members of this only phylum in subkingdom Parazoa survive cold and dry conditions by forming gemmules. The osculum is found in members of it, which is divided into asconoid, syconoid, and leuconoid types. Organized at the cellular level, they have a mesohyl with skeletal elements called spicules. For 10 points, identify this "pore bearing" phylum, members of which have choanocytes and are also known as sponges.
Output: Science
His Four Studies in Rhythm include two pieces entitled "Island of Fire," and also contains a piece sometimes considered the first work of total serialism, Mode de valeurs et d'intensits. His keyboard works include the Livre du Saint-Sacrament for solo organ, as well as a piece that contains such movements as Premiere communion de la Vierge. That work is a suite written for his wife Yvonne Loriod entitled Vingt regards sur l'enfant Jsus. He is best known for a work in eight movements which begins with the "Liturgy of Crystal" and was composed while he was a prisoner of the Nazis in World War II. FTP, name this 20th-century French composer of the Quartet for the End of Time.
Output: Fine Arts
Nicholas of Cusa studied them while attempting to find the area of a circle by integration, Vincenzo Viviani found a method of constructing tangents with them, and Charles Bouvelles discussed them in 1501 as a mechanical means of squaring the circle. Pascal thought about them to take his mind off of a toothache, and later wrote a "History of" them. No matter where a particle is placed on an inverted one of these, it takes the same time to slide to the bottom, according to the Tautochrone problem. Also the solution to the Brachistochrone problem, this was named by Galileo, who suggested that arch bridges be built in the shape of this, and Huygens proposed that pendulum clocks swing in this kind of arc. FTP, name this curve traced out by a point on the circumference of a circle as the circle rolls along a straight line.
Output: Science
One title character of this work is freed near the end of the novel and his manuscript of a novel about Pontius Pilate is restored. At the opening of this novel, two characters argue about whether Jesus was real or not, before they meet a foreigner near Patriarch's Pond in the park, who predicts that Berlioz will be decapitated. In another episode in this novel, Azazello gives a cream to Natasha and the other title character, who become witches and fly naked through the city before throwing a ball for the foreigner. For 10 points, identify this novel that alternates between scenes from the crucifixion of Christ and scenes of twentieth-century Moscow at the time of the appearance of Satan as a professor named Woland, the masterpiece of Mikhail Bulgakov.
Output: Literature
One important metabolic pathway named for a compound containing this element generates ornithine and its namesake substance, urea. Pyrimidine and purine bases, such as adenine and thymine, are often given a name that reflects their containing this element. Bacteria fix this element by forming ammonia. For 10 points, name this element found in the amino group of amino acids, whose diatomic form is an inert gas.
Output: Science
This author wrote "the sword is conquered by the pike" in a poem whose first titular figure's children is told "your bowels howl with hunger like an old dog. " Another of his poems sees the title figure claim "You mounted on the ass and rode along, trampling the flowers and palms beneath your feet" and that poem begins by asking "What does God do with that huge storm of curses that rises daily to the Seraphim" That first poem addresses the separate races of the two titular (*) Biblical brothers, while that second one is called "The Denial of St. Peter," which appears alongside another poem by this author that describes "the depths of hell" where the titular prince of darkness "vanquished, dreamed in Silence. " For 10 points, name this author of the poem The Litanies of Satan which can be found in his Revolt section of the collection Les Fleurs du Mal.
Output: Literature
Insect species can have up to nineteen different recognition proteins for this substance; those receptors are divided into hard and soft transcripts. Monomers of this molecule are assembled in the cytosol where they are attached to a carrier known as bactoprenol. A pseudo- version of this compound can render ineffective a cell's lysozyme; the lysozyme degrades the normal variety. Its structure consists of alternating units of N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid liked by beta one four glycosidic bonds. This substance is dehydrated by alcohol, then traps insoluble (*) crystal violet-iodine complexes in the usual assay for detecting it; it is surrounded by a lipopolysaccharide coat in organisms negative for that technique. FTP, name this substance that makes up the majority of the cell wall in Gram-positive bacteria.
Output: Science
Modified by the Sin3 complex, they have chaperones such as NAP-I and CAF-I while a variant of one of these named CENP-A generates new binding sites. Discovered by Kossel, these conserved proteins are replaced by protamines during spermatogenesis. Composed of a high proportion of positively charged amino acids, they have an N-terminal extension called a "tail" that can be acetylated. The linker type is not included in the octamer that consists of the core ones: H2A, H2B, H3, and H4. For 10 points, name these proteins that pack DNA in chromatin.
Output: Science
At Magdala on Good Friday in 1868, Robert Napier crushed the forces of this entity, whose ruler then committed suicide. Kassai replaced Abuna Salama, the head of the Orthodox Church in this country before becoming emperor, while the Battle of Wofla was fought near the end of its war with the Adal Sultanate. Mengistu became head of state after the Derg deposed the then-ruler; that ruler had led this nation in its second war with Italy, the first of which ended with a victory at Adowa. FTP, name this African nation whose leaders have included Menelik II and Haile Selassie and has its capital at Addis Ababa.
Output: History
Among his chief works was the apology for Christianity, "Compendium revelationum," which was later placed on the Index. This man came to power as head of the party known as the "Weepers," for their complaints about the lack of morality in their time. His followers lit two major "bonfires of the vanities," the second of which followed his conviction for heresy. Welcoming Charles VIII into his city, he hoped for French reform of what he believed to be the corrupt court of Pope Alexander VI. FTP, name this figure who was hanged and burned in 1498, the Dominican friar that ruled Florence after the exile of the Medici.
Output: History
This city houses the headquarters of OPEC as well as the International Atomic Energy Agency. In 1857, this city's ancient walls were demolished in favor of a Ringstrasse_,_ now lined by many notable buildings such as the Rathaus, the Hofburg Palace, and the State Opera. This city's St. Stephen's Cathedral features a distinctive tiled roof characterized by its colored zigzag pattern and prominent double-headed eagles. This city's Schonbrunn Palace was the summer residence of rulers like Maria Theresa and Franz Joseph. For 10 points, name this former center of Habsburg power and current capital of Austria.
Output: History
Attached as an amendment to a bill authorizing appropriation for territorial purchase, it was never enacted, although it became the focus of national controversy for 4 years. Named after a Pennsylvania Democrat, it motioned to exclude slavery from any territory acquired from Mexico. FTP name, this 1846 motion.
Output: History
This man wrote about The Epicurean, The Stoic, and The Platonist in separate essays included in his Essays, Moral and Political, while his gold-flow theory is described in the anti-mercantilist work Political Discourses. This author of a History of England also wrote a work introducing a microscope, razor, and fork as tools of philosophical inquiry. Besides A Treatise of Human Nature, he wrote about discussions between Cleanthes, Philo, and Demea in Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion, but he remains best known for a work which discusses a missing shade of blue and contains a section titled On Miracles. FTP, name this Scottish empiricist philosopher and author of An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding.
Output: Social Science
Creator of the painted wooden crucifix in Sta Maria Novella, this man received the world's first technical patent for an invention that he claimed would help him haul marble down the Arno River. Originally a goldsmith and sculptor, he designed the Pazzi chapel and the Church of the Santo Spiritu after he lost a bid to design the gates of the Florence Baptistery to Lorenzo Ghiberti. FTP, name this first great Renaissance architect best-known for his design of the dome of the Florence cathedral.
Output: Fine Arts
This battle resulted from an attempt to relieve a besieged army that had been defeated in the Battle of Gravelotte, Marshal Bazaine's Army of the Rhine. Although the winning side used inferior needle guns, this battle was decided by the superiority of Krupp field artillery, which would later be used to besiege Paris. In this battle, the Third Army and Meuse Army encircled the Army of Chalons. Helmuth von Moltke defeated and captured Napoleon III, leading to the collapse of the Second French Empire. For 10 points, name this decisive battle of the Franco-Prussian War.
Output: History