niryuu/sni-each-converted huggingface dataset:
Francis Maitland has claimed that a treatise written by Richard, grand-nephew of Roger the Poor, was "one of the most wonderful things" of this man's reign. In addition to the Dialogus de Scaccario, other economic developments of his reign include the development of the possessory writ and the practice of scutage, in which men could pay their way out of military service. This man also attempted to reassert the supremacy of the state over the church in the Constitutions of Clarendon. FTP, name this Plantagenet king of England, famous for his clashes with Archbishop Thomas Beckett, and his marriage to Eleanor of Aquitaine.
Output: History
One movement of this piece contains the refrain "Dark is life, is death," and it ends with the line "Blue lights the horizon / forever... forever..." The last movement contains notoriously difficult-to-execute instructions to disregard the tempo and spill over barlines. The third movement is in the ternary and pentatonic, "Of Youth," while the second movement laments dying flowers and fleeting beauty, "The Lonely Soul in Autumn. " This work features a horn theme in its "The Drunkard in Spring" movement, while the first movement is "The Drinking Song" of the land's misery. FTP, name this work inspired by the poetry of Li Po, a composition for two vocal soloists and orchestra by Gustav Mahler.
Output: Fine Arts
Nk'mip is this country's only hot desert, located near the town of Osoyoos. This country is home to the world's largest freshwater sand dunes and bar system, which is located in its most populous political subdivision. The volcano Mount Garibaldi is found in this country, and this country's highest point is at Mount Logan. This country's longest river was dubbed "disappointment" river by its founder. That river is the Mackenzie River which has its source at the Great Slave Lake. For 10 points, name this North American country with capital at Ottawa.
Output: Social Science
John Parker Hale was recalled from his post as minister to this country after Horatio Perry accused him of tax evasion. Daniel Sickles also served as minister to this country, in which role he was rumored to have had an affair with its potential queen. This country paid the U.S. an 80,000 dollar indemnity after the execution of 53 men, including Joseph Fry, when Fry's ship was seized by its forces. The freedom of a manumitted slave is compared to the undying nature of the earth in an essay ""On the American Dead in"" this country, which refers to a group of 2,800 Americans holding their position at a river in this nation. By way of a certain treaty, the U.S. agreed to pay all legal claims against this nation up to five million dollars in exchange for territory - that agreement, also known as the Transcontinental Treaty, saw this country renounce claims to Oregon territory but retain land west of the Sabine River. FTP, name this nation where the Abraham Lincoln Brigade fought in a war, and who signed the Adams-Onis Treaty relinquishing its control over Florida.
Output: History
In Egypt, this deity's cult was governed by Ptolemy II Philopator, who was said to be a follower. In 186 BCE, the cult of this deity was "discovered" in Rome amid scandal following testimony by Hispala and Aebutius, and then suppressed. This god was associated with many others, including the Phrygian Sabazios and Zagreus of the religion of Orpheus, who was said to have started his cult. In one myth, he turned a group of pirates who kidnapped him into dolphins, and he was known as twice-born as he was delivered from Zeus's thigh after that god had taken him from the burned corpse of his mother, Semele. FTP, name this god of wine and revelry, often known as Bacchus
Output: Social Science
This man succeeded William L. Marcy as Governor of New York and was succeeded in his highest cabinet post by Elihu B. Washburne. This American was the co-namesake of a treaty with Richard Lyons to help curb the Atlantic slave trade, and he helped acquire a territory later devastated by the Good Friday Earthquake of 1964. This man sent a dispatch to Great Britain stating that Charles Wilkes had violated the freedom of the seas to resolve the (*) Trent Affair. He was able to survive a knife attack by a confederate of George Atzerodt named Lewis Powell. Along with Salmon Chase and Edward Bates, this man formed the third member of the so-called Team of Rivals. For 10 points, name this Secretary of State under Abraham Lincoln, best known for purchasing Alaska.
Output: History
The oxidation of one of these compounds with a Jones reagent yields carboxylic acid, and they are the product of the reaction of a ketone with a Grignard reagent. Esters are formed via a reaction of carboxylic acid and this compound in a process named for Fischer. Consisting of a hydroxyl group bonded to a carbon atom, they are given the formula R-OH. For 10 points, name this class of compounds exemplified by methanol and ethanol, the latter of which is found in hand sanitizer and beer.
Output: Science
In the city in which he reigns, he is allowed to sleep with the bride before the husband, and the axe Might of Heroes as well as the bow Anshan were created specifically for him. He attempts to gain immortality by fighting off sleep for six days and seven nights, and he was told to let Lugulbanda guide him to victory against the guardian of the cedar forest. The son of Ninsun, he and his friend killed Humbaba, and the Bull of Heaven is sent to kill him, but after killing it, Ishtar uses disease to kill his best friend Enkidu. FTP, identify this subject of a Babylonian epic.
Output: Social Science
This country's President Jorge Pacheco began to use torture techniques in response to labor  uprisings, leading to the rise of the Tupamaro movement. This country's victory at the Battle of Las  Piedras helped secure its independence from Spain, and its forces were led by national hero Jose (*)  Artigas at that battle. A civil war in this country saw one side supported by another country's dictator  Juan Manuel de Rosas until the intervention of Justo Jose de Urquiza, and that war in this country  involved the liberal forces of Fructuoso Rivera squaring off against Manuel Oribe, who led the Blancos. That same civil war in this country involved Giuseppe Garibaldi, who led its navy. For 10 points, name  this South American country located on the north bank of the Rio de la Plata.
Output: History
The highest mountain in this country is the Maromokotro, in the Tsaratanana massif in the north. The central part of the country consists of savannah-like highlands, separated from the east coast by tropical rain forests. Including the provinces of Mahajanga and Toliara, it was dominated by the Merina kingdom in the 19th century, until being colonized by France after the Franco-Hova war. Beyond the capital, Toamasina and Antsirabe are among the largest cities on this fourth largest island in the world. It has a particular fauna including several species of lemurs and tenrecs, as well as fossile remnants of now-extinct species as a pygmy hypopotamus and a giant walking bird. . Its current president is Marc Ravalomanana, who managed to withstand a coup in 2006. FTP, what is this African island with capital in Antananarivo
Output: Social Science
This color indicates the reactivity of a chemical on the NFPA 704 label, and at 1% efficiency, DPSS lasers of this color are the most expensive per unit of power. The Briggs-Rauscher reaction abruptly changes to blue from this color, which is emitted by stars of spectral classes F and G. Proteins with aromatic rings turn this color when reacted with nitric acid. The Fraunhofer line in the solar spectrum is of this color, which denotes the number four on resistors. (*) Helium was first observed as a spectral line of this color, and xanophylls and some cartenoids are pigments of this color. Sodium is used in fireworks to create this color, and uranium oxide is also known as this color of cake. Sulfur is commonly of, for ten points, what color, which is a primary color along with red and blue
Output: Science
[CB] This characters father spent his days playing a flute and was once referred to as agbala, a term normally used to refer to women or men without titles, leading this character to renounce him. This protagonists early fame came when he successfully threw Amalinze the Cat in a wrestling contest, but he is later shamed when he breaks the Week of Peace by beating his youngest wife, Ojiugo, for not cooking his dinner on time. Later, at the funeral of a friend, his gun explodes, killing that mans son, leading this character and his family to seven years of exile from Umuofia. Eventually hanging himself after killing the messenger of a British government official, FTP, name this Igbo warrior, the protagonist of Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart.
Output: Literature
Among the more notable of his studio assistants were James Northcote and Giussepe Marchi, who toiled with him for more than three decades. He painted social scenes like Ladies Adorning a Term of Hymen and historical works, as in the large The Infant Hercules he finished at St. Petersburg. While his frequent trips abroad would result in the publication of A Journey to Flanders and Holland, it was his 15 part series of lectures that best captured his philosophy of painting. He could be simple, as when he depicted Nelly O' Brien with a dog in her lap or Samuel Johnson in profile, but he is best remembered for a much more dramatic portrait of a famous actress in costume. FTP, name this author of the Discourses on Painting, the British artist who created Sarah Siddons as the Tragic Muse.
Output: Fine Arts
One musician from this country formed the group Oito Batutas. Any of that musician's compositions used this country's "Choro" form. Pixinguinha was from this country, and in one film set here, the title character, played by Breno Mello, marries Mira but immediately falls in love with Eurydice. This country is the setting of Orfeu Negro, whose soundtrack was composed by Antonio (*) Jobim, who also wrote the music to The Girl from Ipanema. Heitor Villa-Lobos composed a set of nine suites whose title includes the named of this country, and a genre developed here was pioneered by Joao Gilberto. For 10 points, name this South American country where Bossa Nova developed and where a lot of artwork is displayed in the Carnival of Rio de Janeiro.
Output: Fine Arts
Near the end of this novel there is a lengthy discussion of Chijimi linens. Originally published serially from 1935 to 1937, twelve years later, a final installment added a warehouse fire at which the protagonist reflects on the Milky Way. During this fire, he is separated from his lover Komako, who rushes forward to carry the possibly dead Yoko, whose lover is Komako's ex-fiancee, Yukio. The protagonist, Shimamura, had met both women several years before. FTP, identify this Kawabata Yasunari novel named for its setting in the wintry hot-spring area of western Honshu.
Output: Literature
This poet described how the sea "wrinkled up, withdrew, like a shawl gathered together" in the poem "Death of the Sea." This poet asks the "green Quetzalcoatl" to cover her in a poem celebrating the "corn of the Anahuac." One collection by this poet contains a section in which a mother explains to her son about natural phenomena such as air and rainbows. She listed commandments such as "You will cherish Beauty, God's shadow over the universe" in her poem "The Artist's Decalogue." Her late works include the collections Lagar and (*) Tala, and she is also known for a work including a series of rounds and a number of lullabies, Tenderness. Her collection Desolation contains a set of three sonnets which won her a poetry contest in 1914, the Sonnets of Death. FTP, name this Chilean poet, the first woman to win the nobel prize in literature.
Output: Literature
Most non-battle-related casualties from this war stemmed from an outbreak of yellow fever and Russell Alger's decision to supply troops with spoiled meat, leading to the "Embalmed Beef" scandal. One front of this war was commanded by William Shafter, who ordered the attack on El Caney, while a far-away front was commanded by George Dewey. Its best-known land battle saw cavalry led by Leonard Wood charge up Kettle Hill. FTP name this 1898 conflict which included the American victory at the Battle of Manila Bay and was triggered by the explosion of the USS Maine.
Output: History
In protosteles, it is in the center of the stem, and in angiosperms, rays, fibers, and axial parenchyma cells make up one form of it. Its meta- type is distinguished by wider tracheids, and its most specialized structure is known as the trachea. Transpirational pull causes negative pressure to form in it, and it is used to transport water and minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant. FTP, the cambium separates what part of a plants vascular system from the phloem.
Output: Science
His last instrumental work was a Phantasy for Violin with Piano Accompaniment, while his other late works include a string trio in one movement and a set of variations in G minor for band. He wrote an oratorio based on Swedenborg's vision of heaven in Balzac's Sraphita in which six people are admonished by the archangel Gabriel, while his lighter works include the comic operetta From One Day to the Next, whose libretto was written by his daughter Gertrud. One of his major works features a long duet that is interrupted after each verse by orchestral commentary and contains the solemn "lament of the wood dove. "  That work is based on a poem by Jens Peter Jaconsen, and features King Waldemar and Tove, whose castle provides the name of the Gurrelieder. He also wrote a Chamber Symphony in E major and a string sextet based on a poem by Richard Dehmel, Transfigured Night. FTP, name this composer of Moses and Aron and Pierrot Lunaire.
Output: Fine Arts
This man was accused of faking an assassination attempt in which he dodged a bullet by diving behind a hedge. That incident was known as the "Observatory Affair. " During his presidency, this man passed the Badinter Act to abolish the death penalty, and one of his defense ministers resigned after this man ordered the attack on Greenpeace's Rainbow Warrior ship. Prime ministers under him included Pierre Mauroy and Edouard Balladur, who served under the second "cohabitation". The first of those was brought about by his party's loss of control of parliament and so part of his reign featured joint rule with the RPR party of Chirac. For 10 points, name this French president from 1981 to 1995, noted for being the only Socialist to hold that position.
Output: History
One poem by this man compares the title character to "those Nicean barks of yore," which bring him to "the glory that was Greece and the grandeur that was Rome." This poet of "To Helen" described a "tintinnabulation that so musically wells" in his poem, "The Bells." In another poem, he described a visitor "tapping at my chamber door" while lamenting his lost Lenore. For 10 points, name this American poet who wrote about a creature who croaks "Nevermore" in "The Raven."
Output: Literature
These phyllosilicates are also called isinglass. Members exhibit monocline crystals and have excellent basal cleavage. Types include iron-rich biotite, lepidolite, and muscovite and class members are used as electrical insulation and Christmas tree snow. For ten points, identify the hydrous silicates of aluminum and potassium that are composed of many thin sheets.
Output: Science
The protagonist of this novel has "solved the problem of sex rather well," and imagines that he would teach Emma Bovary the joys of moderation. At the beginning of this novel, the protagonist sees a prostitute named Soraya every Thursday, but the arrangement ends after he sees Soraya with her children. Three black men light the protagonist of this novel on fire before (*) raping his daughter to destroy her will; that act was ordered by Petrus, who is trying to take over the farm belonging to the protagonist's daughter, Lucy. The protagonist takes a job at the animal shelter of Bev Shaw after losing his former job when he seduces a student named Melanie Isaacs. For 10 points, name this novel about the fallen professor David Lurie, written by J.M. Coetzee.
Output: Literature
In this work, a scribe records that a dead man sells another dead man a house, and this work notes that certain individuals "never tasted the cup of tranquility," advising against the literal interpretation of verses such as "And verily Our host shall conquer. " Hooper Dunbar produced a "companion to the study" of this text, and near the end of its first section, the book addresses the learned of Bayan to not forget its teachings. This book addresses such confusing terms as "Seal of the Prophets" and in one verse explains that backbiting should be treated as an error and that by cleansing and purifying his heart, the knowledge of the Ancient of Days is available to the true seeker. This text was written in two days and two nights in 1861 in Baghdad, where the Bah'u'llh was in exile. For 10 points, name this primary Bah' holy text.
Output: Literature
The novel Nothing. No One. takes place during the aftermath of a devastating earthquake in this country. In a poem set in this country, the "red walls" of the title location turn black. In one novel set during a violent time in this nation's history, Demetrio is murdered in a canyon by a group of Federal Soldiers. A promise to meet the title figure in Comala begins the journey taken by Juan Preciado in one novel from this native country of Elena Poniatowska and (*) Mariano Azuela. One poem from this nation, where Pedro Paramo is set, describes "a crystal willow" and "a poplar of water," and has one line for each day of the Aztec calendar. For 10 points, name this home country of the poet of The Sunstone, Octavio Paz.
Output: Literature
In the introduction to this work, the author briefly analyzes the historical manifestations of the titular concept among the Polynesians and the Icelandic communities "in the time of the Sagas," but postpones the presentation of evidence until the chapter on the survival of archaic traits. In the chapter which introduces this work's most famous concept, the author analyzes the "ceremonial differentiation of the dietary" as it applies to "intoxicating beverages and narcotics," while another chapter proposes a new explanation for the conservatism of the rich. Gambling habits are examined in a chapter on "The Belief in Luck," and this work concludes with the example of "Higher Learning as an Expression of the Pecuniary Culture. " Most famous for its explication of the idea of "conspicuous consumption," for ten points, identify this 1899 work, the most famous of Thorstein Veblen.
Output: Social Science
One theorem named for this man and a Russian has been extended by David Harville to include the estimation of random effects, and another named for this man and a Frenchman states the closed convex hull of the zeros of a polynomial contains all the zeros of its derivative. In addition to those theorems named for this man, Markov, and Lucas, he is the namesake of a theorem stating that the integral of the intrinsic curvature over a closed surface is equal to two pi times the Euler characteristic of the surface, along with Bonnet. A theorem in vector calculus states that the outward flux of a vector field through a surface is equal to the triple integral of the divergence on the region enclosed by the surface, and is sometimes named for this man and Ostrogradsky. A theorem concerning the constructability of regular polygons with compass and straightedge is named for Wantzel and this man, who wanted a heptadecagon inscribed on his tombstone. For 10 points, name this German mathematician who first proved the law of quadratic reciprocity and is the namesake of the normal distribution.
Output: Science
This artist created a work in which a tiny old building in the foreground contrasts with a huge building being constructed behind it. One work by this artist shows a carriage trudging through the titular street, and he pioneered a proto-abstract style by depicting the sky in his Equivalents. This artist collaborated with Clarence Hudson White on several nudes, while his own works include The Terminal and Winter Fifth (*) Avenue. This artist founded the Gallery 291. This leader of the Photo Secessionists created a work which shows the differences between the occupants of the upper and lower decks of a ship. For 10 points, name this photographer of The Steerage, who also took many pictures of his wife, Georgia O'Keefe.
Output: Fine Arts
This U.S. state contains the entirety of the Apalachicola River, which is formed at Jim Woodruff Dam from the Flint and Chattahoochee Rivers. Its most populous city, in Duval County, is located on the St. John's River and was once known as Cowford, while its westernmost major city is known as the City of the Five Flags and is located on a namesake (*) bay on the Gulf of Mexico. Also home to the Okeefenokee Swamp and Lake Okeechobee, for 10 points, name this U.S. state whose cities include Jacksonville and Pensacola and whose capital is Tallahassee.
Output: Social Science
His works include a study of Lucretius, Dante, and Goethe as three philosophical poets and a group of imaginary conversations between figures like Alcibiades, Dionysius, and Democritus, entitled Dialogues in Limbo. He believed that man is the unintended product of a dynamic flux, and his books include The Life of Reason and Realms of Being. FTP, name this author of The Sense of Beauty, Scepticism and Animal Faith, and The Last Puritan, a Spanish-American philosopher who taught at Harvard.
Output: Social Science
When this writer encountered Andrew Yaphe cleaning his teeth in a restroom, he gave Andrew a frightened look and walked out. Doubling the Point is a book of his essays and other works include Age of Iron and The Master of St. Petersburg. His most recent work is a second installation of autobiography, Youth:  Scenes from Provincial Life II. His first novel, Dusklands, was followed by In the Heart of the Country, which is less famous than Waiting for the Barbarians. FTP, name this two-time winner of the Booker Prize for The Life and Times of Michael K and Disgrace.
Output: Literature
This author's short stories include one about doctor who offers water from the Fountain of Youth and another based off John Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress. This author of ""Dr. Heidegger's Experiment"" and ""The Celestial Railroad"" also wrote many stories set in Puritan New England, including ""Young Goodman Brown. "" He also wrote a novel featuring such characters as the minister Dimmesdale, Roger Chillingworth, and Hester Prynne. For 10 points, name this American author of The Scarlet Letter.
Output: Literature
He described a party at Delmonicos that leads to an attack on Henry Bradins socialist newspaper as well as the suicide of Gordon Sterret in his short story May Day. This author wrote The snow of 29 wasnt real snow. If you didnt want it to be snow, you just paid some money in a short story describing Charlie Wales attempt to gain custody of his daughter Honoria. In his best-known short story, Braddock Washington attempts to bribe God by offering to construct a cathedral out of the title gemstone, which is described to John T. Unger as being larger than a hotel. FTP, identify this American author of Babylon Revisited and The Diamond as Big as the Ritz who also wrote novels about Dick Diver, Amory Blaine, and Nick Carraway.
Output: Literature
This work contains a discussion of recognizing oneself in a mirror and recognizing the self in "the mirror of possibility. " It claims that while the loss "of an arm, a leg, five dollars, a wife" will be noticed by a religious fanatic, he will not notice that he has lost the self. According to this work, even "feminine youthfulness" is informed by the the titular phenomenon, which it explains can be caused by blind ambition or what its author terms the need to be "Caesar or nothing. " Scattered throughout are references to plays like Macbeth and Richard II, and it explains the "defiance" and "weak" types of a certain phenomenon. This work ultimately asserts that true Christians are the only ones who can escape the title condition. For 10 points, name this work published under the pseudonym "Anti-Climacus" whose title malady is described as "despair," a book by Soren Kierkegaard. 
Output: Social Science
This philosopher argued for a hybrid approach of historical materialism and psychoanalysis that he termed the "progressive-regressive method." He used the example of a man that fails to meet his friend after walking into a cafe to illustrate the second title concept of one of his works. This man densely analyzed the life of Gustave Flaubert in his book length study The Family Idiot. His short treatise (*) Search for a Method recapitulates themes of another of his books, which calls humanity a "fused group." This author of Critique of Dialectical Reason argued that the object of consciousness exists as "in-itself," but experience exists "for itself" in a book that argues the authentic life is one way to escape the grip of "bad faith." For 10 points, name this existentialist author of Being and Nothingness.
Output: Social Science
Minor figures in this painting include a Chinese man refusing to listen to a missionary and a boy kneeling on the ground sketching on a piece of paper. Its left side includes a skull resting on a newspaper as well as a large floppy hat, a cloak and dagger, and a guitar. Its right side depicts friends of the painter like Champfleury, Bruyas, Proudhon, and Baudelaire.
Output: Fine Arts
This city contains the Mexican neighborhood of Olvera Street. Three inclined hovertrains in this city's Brentwood neighborhood can be used to access its Getty Center. Panoramic views from this city can be seen from Griffith Observatory and along Mulholland Drive. Prehistoric animals trapped the (*) La Brea Tar Pits can be found in this city, which is home to a building constructed of twisted metal sheets designed by Frank Gehry. In addition to the Walt Disney Concert Hall, this city contains Grauman's Chinese Theater in its most famous neighborhood. For ten points, identify this California city home to Hollywood.
Output: Social Science
In one work by this author, a character repeatedly claims to need to "get down to Sidcup" and retrieve papers which would prove that his name is "Mac Davies" rather than "Bernard Jenkins". That character is later evicted after Mick smashes a bust of Buddha while yelling at Aston. Another of this man's plays is set at Meg and Peter Boles's boardinghouse and sees Lulu give a drum to Stanley, who is taken away after the title event by Goldberg and McCann. A third play by this man sees two men argue about the phrase "light the kettle"; that work ends with Ben aiming a gun at Gus. For 10 points, name this author of The Caretaker, The Birthday Party, and The Dumbwaiter.
Output: Literature
In the A-model of topological string theory, this type of submanifold can be wrapped by a brane. For a symplectic manifold of dimension 2n, a dimension n submanifold on which the symplectic form restricts to zero is said to be this. The submanifold of positions inside a phase space of positions and momenta is of this type, and is related to the object of the same name that is a function of positions and velocities. The one that characterizes general relativity is proportional to the Ricci scalar times a volume form. Equations of motion can be derived by the variational principle from one. The action is the integral of this quantity over time. It is a Legendre transform of the Hamiltonian. For 10 points, what is this difference of kinetic and potential energy, named for an Italian-born mathematician
Output: Science
Characters in this novel include one man who advocates the "Salvation and Five Percent" doctrine and another who is praised in the pages of the Advocate-Times. Along with Cecil Roundtree, the title character attends the S.A.R.E.B. convention, during which he scraps his speech about the good life and instead quotes statistics on industry and manufacturing. The title character privately envies his friend's affair with May Arnold, and approves of his son Ted's elopement. When the title character's wife falls ill, he breaks with Tanis Judique and rejoins the Good Citizen's League. Focusing on a friend of Paul Riesling and husband of Myra, for ten points, identify this novel about a resident of Zenith written by Sinclair Lewis.
Output: Literature
In 1789, a mural of the Virgin Mary appeared in a mineshaft in this country in an apparent miracle; a few years later, the Virgin of the Mineshaft was named the patron saint of its Oruro Carnival. Its popular foods include a baked empanada called a saltena. Two of this country's lakes are Lake Rogagua and Lake Rogoaguado, both of which lie in its Beni Department. The Beni and Mamore Rivers join to form the Madeira River at Villa Bella on this country's northern border. Near this country's warm Yungas region is the higher elevation site of Lake Poopo and the Salar de Uyuni. That plateau is known as the Altiplano and also contains the eastern part of Lake Titicaca. For 10 points, name this landlocked South American nation with capitals at La Paz and Sucre.
Output: Social Science
He made his professional debut in New Orleans with the band of "Kid" Ory, but five years later went to Chicago to join the Creole Jazz Band of his teacher, Joe Oliver. As an actor, he starred in High Society, Cabin the the Sky, and The Five Pennies. Despite the title of his autobiography, Satchmo, My Life in New Orleans, he spent most of his professional career in the North. He is most famous for his musical compositions, which include "Wild Man Blues. "  FTP, name this jazz trumpeter of "I've Got a Heart Full of Rhythm. "
Output: Fine Arts
This man's only drama concerns a Greek scientist who comes to Rome bearing the inventions of the steam engine, gun powder, and the printing press and was adapted from the author's short story "Envoy Extraordinairy. "  The pederast Mr. Sebastian Pedigree spurns the overtures of friendship by the burn victim Matty Windrave in one of his novels, while in another Roger Mason attempts to rebuild the title structure onto Jocelin's cathedral. In addition to Darkness Visible and The Spire, he wrote an epistolary novel about Reverend Colley's relationship to the haughty Edmund Talbot, Rites of Passage. In a better-known novel he writes about the ultimately spurious stranding of a navy officer on a barren rock. Also known for Fire Down Below and The Inheritors, this is, FTP, what author, best known for his tale of depraved schoolboys trapped on an island, Lord of the Flies.
Output: Literature
It is the most specific type of ziyarat. One version of it does not require an animal sacrifice, while another requires that the same article of clothing be worn for umrah as well. Those forms, Ifrad and Tamattu, together with Qiran, are the three ways of performing it. Events during it include the say, seven trips between al-Safa and al-Marwah and drinking from the well of Zamzam. It begins on the second day of Dhul al-Hijjah and concludes with the four-day Feast of the Sacrifice, or Eid al-Adha. Participants are required to perform tawaf around a structure built by Abraham that contains the Black Stone. Prescribed in the third surah of the Quran for all able-bodied adults, this is, FTP, what pilgrimage to Mecca that must be taken once in Muslims life
Output: Social Science
Using the X-ray telescopes Suzaku and XMM-Newton, scientists in 2012 detected the quasiperiodic oscillation associated with the increase in mass of one of these objects. Roy Kerr and Ted Newman solved general relativity equations to describe the behavior of these objects when they have angular momentum. A supermassive one at Sagittarius A is believed to be the center of the Milky Way galaxy. David Finkelstein demonstrated mathematically that these are surrounded by a region that, to an outside observer, can never be reached. The distance from the center of these objects to that region is named for Karl Schwarzschild, and that region is called the event horizon. Name these objects which may emit Hawking radiation but otherwise do not allow anything to escape, not even light.
Output: Science
With Duncan McArthur, this politician negotiated the transfer of the Ohio Valley to the American government by way of the Treaty of Fort Meigs. He outlined his support for the annexation of Texas in the Hannegan Letter, and was succeeded in one of his most famous posts by Thomas Fitzgerald. He wrote a pamphlet attacking European search and seizure of slaves during his time as minister of France. He ran for president with William Orlando Butler and later succeeded William Marcy as secretary of state for James Buchanan in 1860. He organized the Black Hawk War and the Seminole Wars as Secretary of War from 1831 to 1836 for Jackson. FTP, name this longtime Michigan senator and staunch supporter of Popular Sovereignty.
Output: History
This economist posited an early form of the Quantity Theory of Money in Tract on Monetary Reform. He proposed that recessions can get worse in the presence of near-zero nominal interest due to liquidity traps, and that an increase in GDP can result from initial investment through the multiplier effect. He argued against reparations in a work critical of the Treaty of Versailles, The Economic Consequences of the Peace, and in another work for increased government spending to combat recessions. For 10 points, name this writer of The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money.
Output: Social Science
Alonso de Vargas suppressed a rebellion against this man, which saw Juan de Lanuza beheaded afterward. Antoine Perrenot de Granvelle was one of this man's main advisors, and he signed the treaty of Vervins with France. His secretary, Antonio Perez, was involved in the murder of Juan de Escobedo, the private secretary of this man's half brother. Alexander Farnese would help this man reconquer the southern Netherlands after the Duke of Alba had failed to subdue the Dutch revolt, and Don Juan of Austria would help him defeat the Ottomans at Lepanto. A son of emperor Charles V, he would rule from the Escorial palace. FTP, who was this Spanish king who saw the Spanish armada defeated
Output: History
In a note accompanying this poem, the author states that it is a "psychological curiosity. " At one point, its title figure hears "Ancestral voices prophesying war," and it ends with a warning to "Beware! Beware! his flashing eyes and floating hair. " Other important images include "a woman wailing for her demon lover," "a damsel with a dulcimer," and "caverns measureless to man. " Only 54 lines long because its composition was interrupted by a visitor from Porlock, FTP, what is this poem about a pleasure dome built along the Alph river in Xanadu, a work by Samuel Taylor Coleridge about the grandson of Genghis
Output: Literature
This god, disguised as Bolverk, worked a summer for Baugi and seduced Gunnlod in order to steal the Mead of Poetry from Suttung. In his quest for wisdom, this god hung from Yggdrasil for nine days and traded one of his eyes for a drink from the Well of Mimir. This god owns the ravens Hugin and Munin and his spear Gungnir never misses its target. At Ragnarok, the wolf Fenrir will kill this leader of the Aesir. For 10 points, name this husband of Frigga, the chief god of Norse mythology.
Output: Social Science
This author wrote about a sacrificed man who imagines that he was in a twentieth-century hospital in his The Night Face-Up. One of this mans short stories sees narrator transform into an aquatic salamander, and another story sees the narrator's negatives develop into torture scenes. In addition to Aoxotl and Apocalypse at Solintiname, he wrote about a cruel game between a boy, a blonde, and a man in a parked car, broken up by Roberto Michel in another story. This author wrote a novel in which the one I told you recounts the Screwerys kidnapping of the Vip, while the Cuban's dreams are subject to Andres Fava's interpretations. Another of his novels sees the baby Rocamadour die during a party of the Serpent club, and features characters like Traveler, Morelli, La Maga, and Horacio Oliveira. For 10 points, name this author of "Blow Up," A Manual for Manuel, and Hopscotch.
Output: Literature
Psalm 1 compares a righteous man to one of these objects. In the Book of Judges, Jotham tells a story in which these things decide on their king to criticize the Shechemites' choice of Abimelech. King Nebuchadnezzar has a dream about one of these objects that Daniel interprets to mean Nebuchadnezzar will eat grass. In Luke, Jesus asks to stay at the house of the tax collector who used one of these to see him, (*) Zacchaeus. This kind of object appears on both sides of the River of Life near the end of the Book of Revelation. Jesus compared his words about another of these items to a command for a mountain to throw itself into the sea; while hungry, Jesus cursed that one for not giving him food. For 10 points, name this type of of living organism that bore the knowledge of good and evil in the Garden of Eden.
Output: Social Science
In March 2008, the Karolinska Institute identified 37 genes associated with this compound. The mevalonate pathway for its synthesis is targeted by HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, also known as statins, which are used to lower its quantity in humans. In animal cells, its molecules are present between phospholipid tails throughout cell membranes, promoting the stability of the membrane. The major constituent of gall stones, for 10 points, identify this molecule whose harmful LDL form can lead to cardiovascular diseases.
Output: Science
The title work of this author's third book begins "We thought we were beggars, we thought we were nothing at all" and includes sections called "May Snow" and "Song About Song. "  This author's second book sparked a popular game in which one person would recite one line of poetry, after which others would follow with subsequent lines until the entire book had been read aloud. In addition to The White Flock and Rosary, her first husband's trip to Abyssinia led her to write the poems of Evening. That first husband, Nikolai Gumilyov, would later be executed for his role in the Tagantsev affair, while her third husband, Nikolai Punin, died in a Siberian prison camp. FTP, name this author of Requiem and Poem Without a Hero, a one-time Acmeist who is considered the greatest female poet of 20th century Russia.
Output: Literature
The speaker of a poem by this man advises the reader to "drop thy still dews of quietness / till all our strivings cease" and asks the "still, small voice of calm" to "speak through the earthquake, wind, and fire". His hymn "Dear Lord and Father of Mankind" was adapted from a poem containing the line "Behold the drink of the gods!" He wrote a poem in rhyming couplets which describes the lowering of forty objects displaying "silver stars" and "crimson bars" and relates a scene in (*) Frederick town. One of his poems describes a family reading the almanac on a gray December day, while another tells of a woman who tells some Confederates "Shoot, if you must, this old gray head / but spare your country's flag". For 10 points, name this Fireside poet who wrote "The Brewing of Soma", "Snow-Bound", and "Barbara Frietchie".
Output: Literature
August 11, 3114 BCE has been computed as the beginning date for this civilization's calendar. They used a vigesimal number system and knew the use of zero. Sacrifices to the rain god Chac-mool were made by hurling virgins down a well. The same was allegedly done to the 12th century ruler Kukulkan. The great structures of their classical period include Bonampak, Palenque, and Tikal, which contains a pyramid 229 feet high. FTP, name this civilization, the most famous ruin of which is Chichen Itza.	
Output: History
Niceratus and the Paianian Charmantides are two individuals who remain silent throughout this work. One of its sections states that the goal of a story is to remove the fear of Hades from the youth. In another section, Glaucon notes that if one possessed the Ring of Gyges, thus rendering oneself invisible, one would act completely immorally. Cephalus states that to follow legal obligations and live a life of integrity is the true definition of a concept criticized by Thrasymachus as only beneficial to the powerful. Famously containing an Allegory of the Cave in its Book VII, FTP name this Platonic dialogue in which Socrates attempts to create the ideal titular construct.
Output: Social Science
This man's name is part of the title of a collection by Josiah Royce about this man and "other essay in the philosophy of life. " He wrote an early work about the "Literary Remains" of his late father, and critiqued absolute idealism in A Pluralistic Universe. Ralph Perry collected and posthumously published his Essays in Radical Empiricism, and this man's views on religion are contained in The Varieties of Religious Experience. He is more famous for a series of lectures that addressed the question of whether the squirrel goes around the tree and was subtitled, "A New Name for Some Old Ways of Thinking. " For ten points, identify this American philosopher, the author of Pragmatism, and a founder of that philosophical movement.
Output: Social Science
Sensing his impending death, the only tenor in this opera bids his mother farewell with the aria "Addio alla madre," which comes not long after the drinking song, "Viva il vino. "  Mamma Lucia first learns of her son's affair from the aria, "Voi lo sapete," after which she runs into church and the ongoing Easter services. Following Lucia's exit, Santuzza argues with her lover and the subject of his new love, Lola. Passions over these women ultimately results in a duel in which Alfio kills Turiddu. Based on a story by Verga, FTP, name this epitome of verismo opera by Pietro Mascagni.
Output: Fine Arts
This paintings background shows two different floral patterns  one in the green drapes and another in the brown wall-paper. Jewelry visible in this painting includes a gold bracelet with a black tassel and a black ribbon with a small pendant, all of which, along with an orchid, lead to the painting's controversiality. A woman that stands in this paintings foreground wears a pink dress, contrasting sharply both with her own skin color and the pale skin of the nude title character, who is reclining on a bed. For ten points, identify this Eduoard Manet painting depicting a courtesan, her cat and her black female servant.
Output: Fine Arts
Gliner and Zeldovich are credited with the modern interpretation, in which it contributes its value times the metric tensor divided by 8 pi times the gravitational constant to the energy-momentum tensor. In the Friedmann equation, it appears on the right-hand side divided by three, and measurements from WMAP have suggested that its energy density is approximately 0.7 times the critical density. Its equation of state parameter w is -1, giving a negative effective pressure that tends to accelerate the expansion of the Universe. FTP name this simple form of dark energy, rejected by Einstein as his "greatest mistake. "
Output: Science
During his first meeting with Richard Wagner he refused to sit down out of respect for his musical hero. His first major musical work, Requiem in D minor, was written while teaching at St. Florian in Austria. In 1856, he moved to Linz, and while there he composed a version of Ave Maria and his Mass in D Major. He dedicated his Third Symphony to Wagner but its 1877 premier was a failure - only 25 people remained in the auditorium by the end. FTP, identify this composer of the more favorably received Fourth or "Romantic" Symphony, who is sometimes better known for his Zeroth Symphony.
Output: Fine Arts
It is used in pain sensitization as a signaling molecule that binds to purinergic receptors. It is also potent inhibitor of both pyruvate kinase and phosphofructokinase. In muscle cells it is often indirectly transported throughout the cell via creatine, which can accept or donate a phosphate group and form this organic molecule. The enzyme adenylate cyclase converts it into the second messenger cyclic AMP, but this molecule is most famously associated with the metabolic processes of photosynthesis, glycolysis, and oxidative phosphorylation. FTP, name this nucleotide used by most cells as the "energy currency. "
Output: Science
In homage to Watson and Crick, this man painted Galacidalacidesoxiribonucleicacid, part of his nuclear mysticism period that also included such works as Crucifixion (Corpus Hypercubus). He depicted several Venus de Milos wearing different colored skirts in The Hallucinogenic Toreador. He created a work titled after the disintegration of his most famous work, in addition to an optical illusion involving the title pachyderms, Swans Reflecting Elephants. For 10 points, name this Catalan surrealist who painted some melting watches in The Persistence of Memory.
Output: Fine Arts
One leader of this country made every political faction except his AREMA party illegal, that man was the socialist Didier Ratsiraka. Queen Ranavalona I of this country's Merina Dynasty persecuted Christians converted by the London Missionary Society on this island nation. During WWII, Britain launched Operation Ironclad to wrest control of this island nation from Vichy France, and Adolf Hitler green lighted a Nazi plan which proposed sending European Jews to this country. FTP, name this nation with capital Antananarivo, an island off the southeastern coast of Africa.
Output: History
This man was wounded at the Battle of Dormans, leading to his nickname the scarred. This man allied with Spain at the Treaty of Joinville. One of his brothers, Charles of Aumale, led an uprising in Picardy. Supporters of this man wore red Lorraine Crosses, a symbol of his family, and another uprising in his favor was the Day of Barricades. His claims were assumed by Cardinal Charles when, after one of his rivals lured him to a dinner party, the forty-five guards killed this man and his brother, Cardinal Louis. For ten points, name this man who led the Catholic League during the French Wars of Religion, a rival of Henry III and Henry of Navarre during the War of the Three Henries.
Output: History
This novel's epigraph is taken from Salvador Elizondo's 1972 work El grafgrafo. It ends with the narrator returning home to his wife Patricia after a night of drinking with his colleagues Pascual and Big Pablito, who work at the Genaro family-owned Radio Panamerica. This novel is interspersed with bizarre radio serials written by the Bolivian Pedro Camacho, whose soap operas parallel the love affair between one of the title characters and Mario. FTP, identify this autobiographical work by Mario Vargas Llosa.
Output: Literature
This thinker decried the "social" realm as that in which the "life process" of the private realm is made public. This thinker, who used the phrase "the rule of nobody" to describe the regime of bureaucracy, edited posthumous papers of Walter Benjamin into the book Illuminations after his suicide, and proposed a trichotomy between labor, work, and action, three components of the vita activa. This thinker described how the mistreatment of stateless persons fed into a period of "radical evil" in "Ideology and Terror," the last chapter of a book which analyzed camps as paradigmatic of a new type of regime. For 10 points, name this German-Jewish author of The Human Condition, a sometime lover of Martin Heidegger who wrote The Origins of Totalitarianism after she fled the Nazis.
Output: Social Science
Plutarch claims that Thamus proclaimed this figures death in Palodes to much lamentation. This figure is sometimes credited with fathering Iambe with Echo, and his pursuit of the nymph Pitys saw her become a pine tree to escape this figure. Tmolus officiated a contest between this man and Apollo that ended with King Midas ruling in this characters favor, earning ass-ears as punishment. His attempted rape of Syrinx ended when she turned into a bunch of reeds. For 10 points, name this half-goat god of shepherds who played his namesake pipes.
Output: Social Science