niryuu/sni-each-converted huggingface dataset:
The Borghese Gallery owns a terracotta model of this sculptor's original design for an equestrian statue of a certain French monarch dressed like a sandal-clad Roman general. A crack in the forehead necessitated the replacement with a copy of a bust by him that shows the title figure in a biretta and cardinal's robes. On top of a red marble sarcophagus, he depicted a woman dressed in a nun's habit, lying on a cushioned couch, while clutching her breast. This sculptor of an equestrian statue of (*) Louis XIV, a bust of Scipione Borghese, and The Blessed Ludovica Albertoni carved a Greek god's translucent flying drapery in one work in which another figure's legs are sheathed in bark and her fingers are turning into branches. Another of his sculptures show an angel pointing a sphere at the title open-mouthed saint. For 10 points, name this sculptor of Apollo and Daphne, whose Cornaro Chapel contains his The Ecstasy of St. Theresa.
Output: Fine Arts
A 2012 French documentary follows Natalie Dessay as she prepares for her role in this opera. Its title character sings a farewell to past happiness in "Addio, del passato." A father in this opera consoles his son by singing of their ancestral home in "Di Provenza." In its first act, the lead soprano gives the lead tenor a camellia flower and tells him to return when it has faded, a detail taken from the Dumas Fils novel this opera is based on. Its title character considers a declaration of love but rejects it in favor of her freedom in the aria "Sempre libera," which is sung in Act 1 after the drinking song "Libiamo ne' lieti calici." Its plot concerns Giorgio Germont, who tries to get his son Alfredo to cut off relations with Violetta Valery. For 10 points, name this Verdi opera about a consumptive courtesan.
Output: Fine Arts
This leader arbitrated the Bread and Roses strike and backed the actions of Edwin Curtis during one event. In one position, he repeatedly vetoed the McNary-Haugen Farm bill, and his victory over Robert La Follette and John W. Davis led to his presidential inauguration being the first one broadcast live on radio. His Secretary of State successfully negotiated the Kellogg-Briand Pact, and as Governor of Massachusetts, he ended the Boston Police Strike. His economic policies were largely formulated by Andrew Mellon. For 10 points, name this successor to Warren G. Harding who declared that the "business of government is business" in support of laissez-faire policies.
Output: History
This man used his experiences in Spain to write Tales of the Alhambra and wrote under the pen name "Jonathan Oldstyle." This man's History of New York was written under the pen name of Diedich Knickerbocker. In another of his works, the main character romances Katrina Van Tassel. That character of this author is driven from the title town by (*) Brom Bones, who dresses as the Headless Horseman to terrify Ichabod Crane. For 10 points, name this American author of "Rip van Winkle" and "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow."
Output: Literature
Servants of nobles in this play include Fabian, Valentine, and Curio, as well as the clown Feste. The major subplot in this play involves the lady-in-waiting Maria convincing another character to always smile and to wear cross-gartered yellow stockings. This play, set in Illyria, features characters like the sea captain Antonio, Andrew Aguecheek, Toby Belch, and the puritanical steward Malvolio, who is obsessed with the countess Olivia. For 10 points, name this Shakespeare play, centering on the adventures of the twins Viola and Sebastian.
Output: Literature
They believe that the cyclical process of reincarnation ends in kaivalya, after which the soul, or jiva, is liberated from matter. This religion's founder is often mentioned in Buddhist scriptures under the name Nigantha Nataputta, "the naked Ascetic of the Clan of the Jnatrikas" who was said to be the twenty-fourth and last of the Tirthankaras. FTP, identify this religion which arose in protest against the ritualism of Hinduism and the authority of the Veda in India, and which was founded by Mahavira.
Output: Social Science
The concluding section of this work contains the Bhatt Bani, or hymns by the bards, and the Japji and Mul Mantras. It is the central object used in worship in gurdwaras. First compiled in 1604, by 1704 this work of nearly 6000 hymns of Islamic and Hindu saints took the place of religious leaders. It was Arjun who compiled it, and Gobind who proclaimed its religious role. Literally Punjabi for "first book," FTP, name this sacred scripture of Sikhism.
Output: Social Science
A genetic defect in their synthesis is implicated in Zellweger syndrome, where the body is unable to oxidize certain long-chain fatty acids. Though proteins are not thought to use the endoplasmic reticulum to reach it, new evidence suggests it may have evolved from proteins related to that organelle, casting doubts on its supposed endosymbiontic origin. Key to production of the myelin sheath, it also plays a role in bile production as well as primarily breaking down ethanol into acetaldehyde and using enzymes such a catalase to deal with toxic waste products. For 10 points, name this cellular organelle, a major produce of hydrogen peroxide.
Output: Science
One of these present at the creation of the world is often depicted as a demon wearing a leopard skin, with a bag over his shoulder. One is credited with stopping an invasion using arrows of lighting, leaving only three survivors. Seven of them are prayed to at the New Year, and one created the world by stabbing the earth with a jeweled spear. For 10 points, Fujin, Raiden, the Shichi Fujukin, and Izanagi are among which form of deity native to Japan
Output: Fine Arts
A banker's son is expelled from school and becomes the Master of Petitions in a novel by this man. In addition to The Abbess of Castro and the unfinished (*) Leucin Leuwin, this man wrote about the Duchess of Sanseverina, who hangs out with Count Mosca and patronizes her nephew Fabrizio del Dongo. For 10 points name this creator of Julien Sorel, the author of The Charterhouse of Parma and The Red and the Black.
Output: Literature
Along with Hubert, this man edited the religious sociology section of LAnee Sociologique, and although he was working on manuscripts on money and prayer, they were destroyed in World War II. An early work by this man, also published with Hubert, deals with the research of William Smith and updates its interpretation to examine primitive cultures. Along with Sacrifice: Its Nature and Function, his most well-known work analyzes its title concept in Melanesia, Polynesia, and the American Northwest, as well as in the premodern Germanic, Roman, and Brahmanic Indian cultures. He posits that everything may linked to what he terms total presation in reference to its title concept. For ten points, identify this French sociologist and nephew of Emile Dukheim, perhaps best known for Primitive Classification and The Gift.
Output: Social Science
A reimagination of this painting depicts a fruit-covered table, a forward-facing nude woman, and the title figure laid out on a sheet, and was done by Edvard Munch. A work depicting the same scene shows a shelf containing three books, a large map on the back wall, and a woman in a black-and-white-striped dress, and was painted by Paul-Jacque-Aime Baudry. In front of a green cloth, this painting depicts a wooden box, which serves as a table for an inkwell. The title figure holds a quill in his right hand and a note in his left, and he lolls to his right while wearing a white sheet like a turban. FTP, name this painting depicting a stabbed French revolutionary in his bathtub, a work by Jacques-Louis David.
Output: Fine Arts
This character's eyes are alternately described as brown, dark blue, and having "layer upon layer of colors. " This character becomes ill with brain fever for several months after nearly throwing herself out a window. She goes to Yonville to prepare for childbirth, and this character's husband's first wife Heloise died suddenly when her fortune turned out to be nonexistent. After she loses a bunch of her husband's money buying jewels from Monsieur Lereaux, she commits suicide by drinking arsenic. FTP, name this title character who has affairs with Leon and Rodolphe in a Gustave Flaubert novel.
Output: Literature
This poet writes "[we] have eyes to wonder, but lack tongues to praise" in a work that begins, "When in the chronicle of wasted time / I see descriptions of the fairest wights, / And beauty making beautiful old rhyme" In one work this poet famously asserts, "my nature is subdued / To what it works in, like the dyer's hand. " The speaker of another poem says the reader can see in him "that time of year" when yellow leaves "hang upon those boughs which shake against the cold, / Bare ruined choirs, where late the sweet birds sang. " This poet asserts that neither Mars nor "war's quick fire shall burn / The living record of your memory" in a poem that begins, "Not marble, nor the gilded monuments / Of princes, shall outlive this powerful rhyme. " The speaker of one of his poems comments, "Sometimes too hot the eye of heaven shines" and ends with the assertion, "So long as men can breath, or eyes can see, / So long lives this, and this gives life to thee. " "The Fair Youth" and "The Dark Lady," for 10 points, are recurring figures in the poetry of this man who asked, "Shall I compare thee to a summer's day" in one of his sonnets.
Output: Literature
This country's cities of Eskilstuna and Vasteras lie in the valley of Lake Malaren. Its highest peak, Kebnekaise, lies within the Fjallen mountain range. Its longest river, the Klaralven-Gota alv, drains this country's largest body of water, Lake Vanern. Visby lies on this country's largest island, Gotland, and other cities in this country include Umea, Helsinborg, Gothenburg, and (*) Uppsala. The  Oresund Bridge connects this country's city of Malmo to the island of Zeeland. This country is bordered to the east by the Gulf of Bothnia, to the south by the Kattegat and the Baltic Sea, and to the west by Norway. For ten points, identify this Scandinavian country with capital at Stockholm.
Output: Social Science
This nation was ruled from 1894 to 1909 by the dictator Jos Santos Zelaya, and its president Adolfo Diaz signed a 1914 treaty with the United States. More recent leaders of this nation have included Enrique Bolaos and Arnoldo Alemn, the latter of whom defeated the National Opposition Union of Violeta Chamorro in 1996. This country was a Cold War ally of the US during the dictatorship of Anastasio Somoza, who had overseen the assassination of populist leader Augusto Csar Sandino, but became a bastion of socialism after its rightist Contras were defeated by the Sandinistas of Daniel Ortega. For 10 points, name this Central American nation with capital at Managua.
Output: Social Science
Derivatives of these chemical compounds include a nested type, synthesized by Motiei, and an endohedral type which encapsulates another atom. They have been produced by Hauflers arching technique, and Taylor showed that they could be synthesized by the pyrolysis of naphthalene, but the traditional method of producing them is the Kratschmer-Huffman or K-H Method. Any method of synthesis will require separating them from soot, for example by dissolving in toluene. Harold Kroto, Robert Curl, and Richard Smalley gained fame for the discovery of the archetypal one, described as a truncated icosahedron composed of hexagons and pentagons. Allotropes of carbon, FTP, name these compounds whose best known example is named after an architect Buckminster.
Output: Science
One character in this novel uses the deceitful governess Mrs. Younge to plan an elopement with Georgiana. One character in this work stays with the Gardiners while visiting London. This novel features the haughty Catherine de Bourgh, who supports the clergyman Mr. Collins, a man who marries the protagonists best friend Charlotte Lucas. The protagonists youngest sister Lydia causes a scandal by eloping with the villainous officer Mr. Wickam in this novel. The protagonist of this novel helps match up her sister Jane with Mr. Bingley, before finally accepting Fitzwilliam Darcys second proposal. For 10 points, name this Jane Austen novel about Elizabeth Bennet.
Output: Literature
The distribution of these events is the subject of the Mogi donut hypothesis. The mechanism of these events can be calculated using a "beach ball" diagram, and such mechanisms include the double-couple source. The frequency of these events is given by an equation setting that value equal to 10 to the power of a minus bM, which is a law partly named for Gutenberg and notably doesn't apply during "swarms" of these events. The VAN method attempts to predict these events by using low-level (*) electrical signals. One theory about these events proposes that they are caused by strain energy being spontaneously released; that idea was posited by Harry Fielding Reid and is called the elastic rebound hypothesis. Another common method of predicting them measures anomalies in the ratio of P-wave to S-wave velocity, and the MMS has largely replaced the scale previously used to measure these events, which is a log-base-10 scale. For 10 points, name these events whose severity is measured by the Richter scale.
Output: History
Sylvain Salnave overthrew Fabre Geffrard to become leader of this country in 1867. At the Battle of Fort Riviere in this nation, rebel Cacos were defeated by US Marines under Smedley Butler. One revolutionary leader in this country was imprisoned after signing a peace treaty with Charles Leclerc, although this nation's independence was secured by men like (*) Henri Christophe and Jean-Jacques Dessalines. A later ruler of this country used the Tontons Macoutes, or bogeymen, to suppress the people he ruled; that man went by the nickname Papa Doc. For 10 points, name this Caribbean country long dominated by the Duvaliers, which moved towards independence under Toussaint Louverture and which suffered a devastating earthquake in 2010.
Output: History
Allusions to The Poker Night and one character entering with snapdragons are among the references to Tennessee Williams in this play. One character compares herself to Lady Chatterley and claimed to be revirginized by annulment, while her husband shot her with a prop shotgun after she recalled beating him in a boxing match. One character tells a story of how a boy's father died in a car crash as the boy tried to avoid hitting a porcupine, while the events in this play occur after two characters return from a party held by a college president, Martha's father. FTP, identify the play that also features Nick, Honey, and George by Edward Albee.
Output: Literature
Opponents of this man included Luhi-ishan and Kastubila, king of Kazalla. Succeeded by his sons Rimush and Manishtushu, he would make his daughter Enheduanna priestess of the moon-god Nanna, illustrating his respect of the old cults. Beginning his career as a cup bearer in the court of king Ur-Zababa, he would soon take over the city-state of Kish. From there, he would turn on Uruk and its King Lugal-Zage-Si, and conquer most of Sumeria. Building a new capital, after which he would be named, he would move on to conquer most of the fertile crescent: from the lands of Elam in the east, over Mesopotamia, to the Mediterranean coast in the west. Of Semitic origin, FTP, name this 2300 BC ruler whose birth story is very much reminiscent of Moses's
Output: Social Science
This symphony was the best-received work of the composer during his lifetime, and it was the last of his pieces he saw premiered. It has only two movements: the first is a setting of the Latin hymn, "Veni creator spiritus". The second movement can be divided into three sections that approximate the slow movement, scherzo, and finale of a traditional symphony. As a setting of the final scene of Goethe's "Faust", its subject matter seems distant from the first movement, but the composer saw them in a similarly spiritual light. FTP, name this 1906 work whose call for an unusually large chorus and orchestra resulted in the nickname the "Symphony of a Thousand".
Output: Fine Arts
One play by this man sees two prisoners fight for the attention of the illiterate murderer Green-Eyes in their prison cell, and his time in refugee camps led to the publication of Prisoner of Love. Besides Deathwatch, this author wrote a novel in which the protagonist tricks Vic but wishes to make Gil Turko his accomplice in murder and love and who sails on Le Vengeur. Besides Querelle of Brest and Funeral Rites, this author wrote about the sameness of 1930s Europe in an autobiographical novel and made himself the narrator of a work which sees Mimosa beat up the transvestite Divine, whose lover Darling soon moves in with the title character of that work, Our Lady of the Flowers. Archibald Absalon Wellington reenacts the murder of a woman by the titular group in another drama by this man, who wrote of the clients of the titular establishment filling their roles in Irma's mock government in his The Balcony. His best-known work sees the two title characters perform a sadomasochistic ceremony as they role-play their mistress. For ten points, name this French author of The Blacks and The Maids.
Output: Literature
Many concert pianists use this composer's "The Punch" as an encore piece, which comes from his set of piano works in which each piece represents a different doll. He wrote a symphonic trilogy about World War One consisting of symphonies titled "The War," "The Victory and "The Peace." This composer of A Prole de Bebe was championed by Arthur Rubinstein whose personality inspired his Rudepoema. He included pieces called "Woodpecker" and "Settimino" in a set of 14 pieces inspired by a type of street music called Choros, while another work includes movements dedicated to "teddy boy" culture and "The Little Train of Caipira." This composer used eight solo cellos in the fifth member of a set of pieces whose movements have both a traditional title and a title taken from Portuguese folk music. For 10 points, name this composer who wrote Bachianas Brasileiras.
Output: Fine Arts
One character in this work pretends to sing a fashionable song from "The Vain Precaution" in a scene that ends in the quintet "Buona Sera". This opera's tenor pretends to be a drunken soldier when he meets the servant girl Berta, while in the aria "Calumny is a little breeze", Doctor Bartolo receives advice from Don Basilio. Its popular overture was intended for its composer's Aureliano in Palmira, while its first act sees Rosina describe her love for Lindoro in "Una voce poco fa". This opera's title character first appears singing the aria "Largo al Factotum" and aids Count Almaviva in wooing Rosina. For 10 points, name this opera about Figaro, composed by Gioacchino Rossini.
Output: Fine Arts
The Akhand Path, requiring forty-eight hours of continuous reading of this book, is undertaken during each of the main gurpub festivals, and although the Khalsa Consensus translation of it is available online, the faithful are expected to learn Gurmukhi in order to read it in the original. It features hymns by seven men, including its compilers Arjun and Gobind, but its most important hymn is the Japji, written by Nanak. Accorded the status of a guru, FTP, what is this sacred book of Sikhism
Output: Social Science
This painting, which depicts a scene in the Alcazar Palace, shows its artist wearing a black robe with a red cross and holding an easel in his left hand. Its artist's patrons are depicted in the mirror at the rear center of this work. Don Jose Nieto stands in the doorway in the rear of this painting, which also depicts one of the titular figures offering a small red cup to the central child. A large massif and dwarf also stand near the Infanta Margarita in, for 10 points, what 1656 painting by Diego Velasquez
Output: Fine Arts
A Dali riff on this painting shows a flying horse in the background and a man emerging from a stone bust on the left. In the original, a woman in a blue dress on the left holds her companion's hand, several figures at he bottom look out at the viewer, a man in white hands a (*) lyre to the title figure, and a winged attendant places a crown on the poet's head. For 10 points name this Ingres painting showing a man becoming a god.
Output: Fine Arts
Amborella trichopoda is the oldest surviving example of the "basal" type of these organisms, which are related to magnoliids. One of these organisms' gametes passes through the style before engaging in double fertilization. These organisms produce a structure that contains endosperm and is surrounded by a pericarp. These organisms are divided into (*) monocots and dicots depending on the number of seed leaves they possess. Unlike a related class of organisms, their seeds are contained in a fruit, and their most notable feature contains stamens and pistils. For ten points, name these flowering plants, which are often contrasted with gymnosperms.
Output: Science
He issued an edict stating that the human body of Christ only seemed to suffer at the crucifixion, a doctrine called Aphtharto-docetism. He launched an attack on North Africa to aid the Vandal king Hilderich, and his finance minister Peter Barsymes created a state monopoly on silk. He expelled pagan teachers from the Academy in Athens. For 10 points, name this man who nearly lost his throne in the Nika revolt, was aided in his rule by his wife Theodora and general Belisarius. and issued a namesake code of laws during his sixth-century reign in the Byzantine Empire.
Output: History
The title character thinks of Rose, his maid, who is presumably being raped by the groom in one story by this author, who also wrote an ape who trained at the title locale to become a human in another story. In addition to "A Country Doctor" and "A Report to An Academy," this author also wrote about the death of the title character in the Black Woods in another story, while this author also wrote about Karl Rossman's wanderings in the title country in another work. A novel about the land surveyor K. hoping to work at the title building was written by this author of "The Hunter Gracchus" and Amerika, and he also wrote about the mysterious arrest of the banker Josef K in another novel. FTP, name this Czech author of The Castle, The Trial, and a story about Gregor Samsa's transformation into a bug, "The Metamorphosis. "
Output: Literature
An author from this country wrote a novel about the rhetorician Gabriel Santoro harshly criticizing A Life in Exile, a book written by his son, also named Gabriel Santoro. That author of The Informers is named Juan Gabriel Vasquez. Another author from this country wrote a novella about a lonely retired military man who lives with his wife and a rooster which he is training for a cockfight. That author also wrote a novel in which the two brothers of Angela Vicario murder Santiago Nasar. This country is home to the author of No One Writes to the Colonel, whose most famous novel takes place in the town of Macondo and follows the Buendia family. For 10 points, name this country home to the author of Chronicle of a Death Foretold and One Hundred Years of Solitude, Gabriel Garcia Marquez.
Output: Literature
One reform proclamation in this polity was the Noble Edict of the Rose Chamber, and a period of reform here was known as the Tulip Period. This polity employed local governors called Armatoles. Karayazici led bandits here in the Jelali revolts. This nation used land grants called Timar, and it employed the devsirme system. Treaties governing the rights of foreigners here were known as Capitulations. This nation undertook the Tanzimat reforms, and its government was referred to as the Sublime Porte. Local rebellions against this polity were led by Alexander Ypsilanti and by Muhammad Ali. The dissolution of this empire was accomplished by the treaties of Lausanne and Svres. For 10 points, name this sick man of Europe, an empire lasting until 1922 in Istanbul.
Output: History
Critical and Short introductions to this philosopher have been written by William Outhwaite and James Gordon Finlayson respectively. Dialogues with this thinker and Derrida are found in Philosophy in a Time of Terror while his closest American colleague and usual translator is Thomas McCarthy. A discussion of Durkheim, Mead and purposive activity opens the second volume of his best-known work. That volume is called Lifeworld and System while volume one is Reason and Rationalization of Society. Both volumes discuss concepts central to this philosophers thought, including universal pragmatics and ideal speech situations in deliberative democracy. Also known for his Between Facts and Norms and Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere, FTP, identify this still-living member of the Frankfurt school, a student of Adorno best known for his Theory of Communicative Action.
Output: Social Science
The Schlenk equilibrium, which can be affected by the presence of dioxane, describes the stability of these compounds, whose synthesis can be improved by the addition of mercuric chloride amalgamates. They react with nitriles to form intermediate imine anions, and dry carbon dioxide can be bubbled through them to create carboxylic acids, which themselves do not form an addition product with these. In what is sometimes called their namesake's reaction, they act as strong nucleophiles to form tertiary or secondary alcohols from ketones or aldehydes. For 10 points, name these compounds formed by reacting an alkyl halide with magnesium, named for a French guy.
Output: Science
It is not the luminiferous ether, but in the Trouton Noble experiment, a zero measure for this quantity caused a null result for changes in the orientation of a parallel-plate capacitor. In a type of motion, the absence of this phenomenon causes the right-hand-sides of the Euler angles to become zero, and it is given by the magnetic moment cross the b-field for a current loop. When the angle between the spinning and vertical axis remains constant during rotation, the precessing motion is said to be induced to this phenomenon. This vector quantity is equal to the rate of change of angular momentum. For 10 points, identify this quantity which describes the force required to push open a door at various distances from the hinges.
Output: Science
the right side of this painting, a man in red grasps the bridge of his nose as he extends his other arm upward. On the left of this work, a man in blue has his face and arms against a stone wall, just around the corner from a lamp that burns on a stand. Three people in the left background of this painting ascend a staircase, not witnessing the title event. On the floor rests an open manacle, which was probably used to bind this work's title character. Its title character sits on a bed with his left index finger in the air as Plato's hand rests on his knee. For 10 points, name this Jacque Louis-David painting the shows the title philosopher reaching for a cup of hemlock.
Output: Fine Arts
The lemma named for this person states that if a prime number divides a product, then it divides a   factor of that product. Janos Bolyai and Nikolai Lobachevsky developed a system that was notable  for not following all of this person's rules. A so-called orchard is named for this person because of   his algorithm for finding greatest common divisors. A book he wrote states that if a line segment  intersects two lines, then the lines meet on the side of the segment where the interior angle sum is  less than two right angles, the last of his five postulates. Name this mathematician whose Elements  was a standard text of geometry.
Output: Science
This instrument represents King Solomon in Ernest Bloch's work, Schelomo. Luigi Boccherini composed twelve concertos for this instrument, which Gabriel Faure used to accompany the piano in his Sicilienne. Tchaikovsky wrote Variations on a Rococo Theme for this instrument and orchestra, and Dvorak wrote a (*) concerto in B minor for it. In response to the First World War, Edward Elgar wrote a work for this instrument in E minor, which was famously played by Jacqueline du Pre. For ten points, name this second-lowest string instrument in the violin family, which is played by Pablo Casals and Yo-Yo Ma.
Output: Fine Arts
This man wrote a play in which the Duke of Alba orders the execution of the title count. This author of the poetry collection The Roman Elegies wrote a poem in which a supernatural being attacks a child while the child and father are riding on a horse. That poem is entitled ""The Erl-King. "" One of his characters shoots himself after being unable to be with his beloved (*) Charlotte. He also wrote a work in which the title scholar is tempted by and makes a wager with Mephistopheles. For 10 points, name this author of The Sorrows of Young Werther and Faust.
Output: Literature
This colonial power established the base of Hughli in Bengal, which was lost to the British in 1658, and this colonial power's other early Indian settlements include Cannanore, Diu, Cochin and Fort Anjediva. This colonial power was also the first to colonize Kerala. This colonial power vanquished the Jaffna Dynasty and established the city of (*) Colombo during its occupation of Sri Lanka, though they were unable to defeat the Kingdom of Kandy. During Operation Vijay, this colonial power lost its last possession on the Subcontinent as India captured Goa. This country's first outpost in India was established at Calicut in 1498. For ten points, name this homeland of Vasco da Gama, a European nation with capital Lisbon.
Output: History
This amino acid is found on the active site of the E1, E2, and E3 enzymes involved in polyubiquitination. The domain between the L1 and L2 domains of the Insulin growth factor-Insulin receptor are rich in residues of this amino acid, while the n-acetyl modified variety of this amino acid is an antioxidant, and is used in treating acetaminophen poisoning. Compounds that are being tested to treat conditions like Chagas disease inhibit a protease with this amino acid at its active site, and those proteases are exemplified by caspases and papain. The termination codon UGA sometimes encodes for a selenium containing variant of this amino acid, which is synthesized from serine and a similarly named compound and it exists as a dimer in oxidizing environments, containing a disulfide bond. For 10 points, identify this amino acid, which, along with methionine has sulfur in its side chain.
Output: Science
Synthetic division can be used to divide these mathematical concepts. The fundamental theorem of algebra says that non-constant examples of these have a zero, and some of their zeroes may have (*) multiplicity. For 10 points, name these types of equations in which the exponents of the variable are natural numbers, and which are called quadratics if they have degree two.
Output: Science
In Die Fledermaus, Rosalinde sings about the music of this country in the aria "Klange der Heimat," which takes the form of a czardas [CHAR-dahsh], a folk dance from this country. One composer from this country began a piece with a "musical sneeze"; the piece is the Hary Janos Suite, and the composer is Zoltan Kodaly. Brahms imitated the music of this country in a set of dances originally written for piano four-hands. A composer from this country wrote the Faust Symphony and imitated the sound of its gypsy bands in a set of virtuosic works for solo piano. For 10 points name this home country of Franz Liszt, who wrote nineteen rhapsodies named for it.
Output: Fine Arts
Removal of one of these objects from a carbonyl creates an enolate. Their magnetic resonance is used in the form of NMR that has typical chemical shifts of zero to twelve. One of them is transformed in electron capture. While they do not exist freely in solution, they can combine with water to form a (*) hydronium (""high""-DRO-nee-um) ion. The Bronsted-Lowry definition describes acids as donators of these particles. For 10 points, name this positive particle found in the nucleus.
Output: Social Science
Slichot is recited on the Saturday before this holiday, a feature of which is inspired from Leviticus 23:24 and Numbers 29:1. The Ten Days of Penitence, or Yamim Noraim, begin on this holiday, while tashlikh is typically performed in the afternoon. Tzimmes and challah are traditional foods served on this holiday, which is celebrated on the first of Tishri. Due to its association with Mosess revelation on Mount Sinai, the blowing of the shofar, or the rams horn, proclaims, FTP, which holiday, the Jewish New Year
Output: Social Science
This organ affected by Liddle's syndrome and Denys-Drash syndrome can develop Wilm's tumors. People with Alport syndrome lose function of this organ that is home to Malpighian pyramid cells, the efferent artery, the afferent vein, and the distal convoluted tubule. Bowman's capsule surrounds the glomerulus in this organ that sees fluids flow through the loop of Henle. The ureters leave this organ, and the filtering of blood by nephrons in it can be assisted by dialysis. For 10 points, identify these paired organs that clean out the blood.
Output: Science
By a referendum that may have been rigged, the residents of Sopron decided in 1921 not to join this country, which was later led by a priest named Ignaz Seipel. A plebiscite in 1920 allowed this country to retain its province of Carinthia; that vote had been required by the Treaty of Saint Germain. Its parliament was disbanded in 1933 by Engelbert Dollfuss, who was assassinated by Nazi agents in 1934 a few months after clashes fighting broke out in Linz. For 10 points, name this country that was annexed to Germany via the Anschluss.
Output: History
Melinoe is born part black and part white when Zeus takes this figure's form to seduce his wife. One story sees him healed by Paeon when struck with Hercules's arrow at Pylos. He sits on a throne of ebony and is often seen with a horn of plenty or a scepter, while another of his possessions was a gift from the Cyclopes he once leant to Perseus, a helmet of invisibility. Helios was a witness to an event which saw him emerging from the earth in his chariot among some women picking flowers and later feeding one of them three seeds of pomegranate, forcing her to live with him for part of the year. For 10 points, name this abductor of Persephone whose brothers were given the sea and upperworld, while he was left with the Greek underworld.
Output: Social Science
The Chandrashekar Limit gives the upper bound on this quantity of white dwarf stars, and the product of the rotational analogue of this quantity and angular acceleration yields torque. This quantity appears along with velocity squared in the equation for kinetic energy. Einstein formulated an equation that equates the product of this quantity and the square of the speed of light to energy. For 10 points, name this quantity that, when multiplied by gravity, yields an object's weight and is measured in kilograms.
Output: Science
The omniscience of one of these figures couldn't save him from being flung into space from a millet stalk, while another of these figures owns a pair of jewels that control the tides. One group of these figures travels around on the Treasure Ship and includes an individual who grew a skeleton after being born a leech child. Another of them owns a ring of drums with which he creates thunder. They also include a dancer who married the guardian of the bridge between heaven and earth and created such merriment that the one representing the sun emerged from her cave. For 10 points, identify these deities that include Ryujin, Raijin, Uzume, and Amaterasu.
Output: Social Science
His studies in conducting began at the Curtis Institute of Music, where he received the only "A" Fritz Reiner ever gave and continued at Tanglewood with Serge Koussevitzky. His first big break came in 1943, when, without any rehearsal, he substituted in concert for the ailing Bruno Walter. In 1953, he became the first American to conduct at La Scala and in 1989, he conducted a performance of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony to celebrate the tearing down of the Berlin Wall, that changed the word "joy" to "freedom" in "Ode to Joy". He was preceded by Dmitri Mitropoulos and succeeded by Pierre Boulez as Music Director of the New York Philharmonic, and his tenure was noted for his educational broadcasts for children, the Young People's Concerts. For 10 points, who is this conductor and composer of the musical, West Side Story
Output: Fine Arts
One section of this work is entitled "Education for Choice" and some of its case studies are Fala, Siva, and Mala. This work explains how the taupou system can be skirted using chicken blood, and implies that the moetotolo practice is widespread. The theory that Tau islanders were playing a practical joke on its author has notably been advanced by the author who described its "Anthropological Myth," Derek Freeman. This work contentiously claimed that adolescents were less stressed while transitioning to adulthood in cultures where teens experienced less sexual inhibition. FTP, name this anthropological work centering on Polynesian culture by Margaret Mead.
Output: Social Science
In the first scene of this opera, the protagonist comes onstage with a bear that pesters his surrogate father, who responds with his "Starling Song. " After he bathes in the blood of the antagonist in Act Two, the protagonist is able to see through the lies of that surrogate father, and proceeds to kill him. The blood also enables him to talk to a wood-bird, who explains how he can use the Tarnhelm to transport himself to Valkyrie Rock, where, at the beginning of Act Three, he must break the spear of Wotan with his newly-forged sword Notung. FTP, name this third opera in Richard Wagner's Ring Cycle, in which the title character awakens Brunnhilde.
Output: Fine Arts
A toy nutcracker is said to be represented by the section titled Gnomus. French women quarrelling in the marketplace is the basis of its section The Market at Limoges. Promenades connect the various sections of this work, whose most famous orchestration was arranged by Ravel. Based on the creations of Victor Hartmann, it contains such sections as Baba Yaga and its last, The Great Gate of Kiev. For 10 points, name this 1874 suite for piano, written by Modest Mussorgsky, which meant to portray one examining various works of art.
Output: Fine Arts
It can lead to the so-called shoe leather cost, and although Robert Barro argued the opposite, the Tobin Effect claims that it aids growth. The Fisher and Marshall-Edgeworth indices are sometimes used for it, and seigniorage is sometimes known as this kind of tax. Denoted by pi in a Taylor rule, it may be targeted. Commonly computed using a Laspeyres or Paasche index, it causes menu costs, and it may be desired to escape a liquidity trap. The core' variety is important for its predictive ability. It is also determined on a given market basket by the CPI, and comes in demand-pull and cost-push varieties. The difference between real and nominal interest rates, name, for 10 points, this situation, which the Phillips Curve describes as a tradeoff against unemployment.
Output: Social Science
One story involving this figure has him calling out to the raven and the sea-duck to gather his pearly tears to which only the latter complies and is awarded with glorious plumage. This character is responsible for catching the giant fire-pike and used its jawbone to craft the first kantele. Another event involving this character is his slaying of Otso the Honeyeater with a three-pronged spear while another has this character summoning a dwarf from the seas to chop down a giant oak tree blocking out the sun. This figure is rescued from (*) falling into the sea by a giant eagle after catching and losing a salmon that was actually his music-contest won bride, Aino. This character once created a windstorm to carry his friend from the top of fir tree to the land of Pohyola and then convinced that friend, Ilmarinen to forge the magical Sampo. The only son of the great mother goddess, Ilmatar, FTP, identify this eternal bard' of Finnish folklore, the main hero of the Kalevala.
Output: Social Science
General Grant was confident that the Confederates would remain at Corinth, and thus failed to order adequate defenses. No defensive entrenchments, no cavalry patrols, and few picket lines were established. The battle's name came from a simple log meeting house a few miles from the river, and it is ironically named for the Biblical village meaning "place of peace. " The Confederates under Beauregard succeeded in a surprise attack, but on the next day thirteen thousand Union and eleven thousand Confederate soldiers were dead. FTP, what was this bloody battle that took place on April 6, 1862
Output: History
With Himiltrude, this ruler produced a son with a hunchback that rebelled against his father and was subsequently confined to a monastery. He was married at one point to a daughter of the king of Desiderius, before he defeated him, thus assisting Pope Adrian I. A military incident involving this ruler involved this ruler being appeased by Husayn of Zaragoza, then afterwards being ambushed in Ronceveaux Pass in the Pyrenees. This man declare himself King of the Lombards after he defeated them at Pavia. His biographer was Einhard, and he ruled for a time with Carloman. For ten points, name this first Holy Roman Emperor, a son of Peppin the Short that is the namesake of the Carolingian Dynasty.
Output: History
Of great importance in this author's life was her close relationship with her sister Cassandra. Her first literary effort came at age 15 with a burlesque of Samuel Richardson entitled Love and Friendship. The second edition of J.E. Leigh's Memoir about her saw the first publication of The Watsons and Lady Susan, but she is better known for novels like Persuasion and Mansfield Park. FTP, who was this novelist responsible for Northanger Abbey and Pride and Prejudice
Output: Literature
During his tenure as ambassador to the Dutch Republic, this man was able to obtain a loan for 5 million guilder, and on another occasion he participated in the capture of the Martha. The Direct House Tax he signed led to Fries's Rebellion. As part of his efforts to expand the navy, he commissioned the USS Constitution, though he avoided using it to expand the Quasi-War. In an attempt to quell growing criticism, this man signed the Alien and Sedition Acts, though Alexander Hamilton spoiled his re-election bid by splitting part of the Federalist Party in favor of Charles Cotesworth Pinckney. For 10 points, identify this first resident of the White House who succeeded George Washington as president.
Output: History
The volcano Bar is this countrys tallest peak, while an active volcano called Iraz erupted during JFKs visit here in 1963. Gulfs that indent its coast include Chiriqu and Mosquito, and its major cities include Bocas del Toro and Yaviza. The manmade Gatun Lake forms a large portion of this countrys most distinctive feature, which is flanked by the cities of Cristobal, Coco Solo, and Balboa in addition to its namesake capital city. For 10 points, name this country bordered by Costa Rica and Colombia, with a namesake canal that connects the Atlantic and Pacific.
Output: Social Science
This piece's fourth movement includes a very slow parody of Offenbach's "Galop Infernal," while another quotes from "Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star" and an aria from The Barber of Seville. One movement of this piece uses a pattern of ascending fifths to represent hopping. Only violins play in its movement "Characters With [*] Long Ears." This piece's composer reused a xylophone theme from his earlier Danse Macabre to represent the skeletons of its "Fossils" movement. One movement of this piece uses a cello to depict a bird moving gracefully over the water. For 10 points, name this fourteen-piece musical zoo which includes "The Swan," written by Camille Saint-Saens.
Output: Fine Arts
MuSK acts with rapsyn to colocalize receptors for this molecule when it binds to the proteoglycan agrin found in the basal lamina. Binding of this molecule to those receptors causes a rotation of five transmembrane M2 helices. Alpha-bungarotoxin blocks the activity of this molecule, which is broken down by a namesake esterase rather than reuptaken in the synaptic cleft. The enzyme that catalyzes this molecule's synthesis is at abnormally low concentrations in Alzheimer's patients. Black widow venom stimulates excess release of this molecule, while botulinum toxin blocks its release; both result in paralysis. For 10 points, name this molecule found at the neuromuscular junction.
Output: Science
red truck approaching two oncoming cars appears in this artist's Death on the Ridge Road. Another of his paintings depicts the town where he founded an art colony with Edward Rowan, while another depicts a man in red holding his hand out towards a young George Washington, who is holding an axe. In addition to Stone City and Parson (*) Weem's Fable, this artist also painted a lone horse and its rider in front of a church with a tall steeple in The Midnight Ride of Paul Revere. He also depicted Emanuel Leutze's Washington Crossing the Delaware behind three old women his satirical Daughters of Revolution. Dr. Byron McKeeby and the artist's sister Nan are the subjects of his most famous painting, which is set in front of a white farm house. For 10 points, name this American Regionalist artist, best known for his iconic painting American Gothic.
Output: Fine Arts
Near this work's end, we hear of a count of known munificence. The title character's "spot of joy" was a "faint half flush that [died] along her throat," but in an ominous moment the speaker states, "I gave commands; / Then all smiles stopped together. "  The speaker mentions his "nine-hundred-years-old name" and points out a bronze sculpture of a sea-horse being tamed by Neptune. "A heart...too soon made glad" is considered a failing of the title character, whose likeness is preserved in a painting by Fr Pandolf. FTP name this Robert Browning poem in which a Duke discusses a dead wife.
Output: Literature
A cyclobutane containing this functional group is yielded after adipic acid reacts in the Franchimont reaction. Hydrolysis of trichloromethyl aryl ketimines produces an aromatic compound of this functional group in Houben-Fischer synthesis. Von Braun degradation produces compounds with this functional group, compounds that can also be produced from diazonium in the Sandmeyer reaction. Acidic hydrolysis of compounds with this function group produces carboxylic acids, while neutral hydrolysis produces ammonium salts of carboxylic acids. The tendency of this functional group to evolve a certain noxious gas leads to its alternative name of cyano. For ten points, identify this functional group, which consists of a carbon triple-bonded to a nitrogen.
Output: Science
Bertolt Brecht left an adaptation of this play unfinished at his death; that adaptation was completed by Wekwerth and Tenscher and staged in 1962. In this work's opening scene, one man is called "the great toe of this assembly... being one o' the lowest, basest, poorest / Of this most wise rebellion," after another relates Aesop's fable of the body's revolt against the stomach. Act II, scene iii sees Sicinius and Brutus set their plot in motion among the masses, eventually leading the title character to side with his enemies, the Volsces. After entreaties from his mother, Volumnia, that character is killed by Aufidius's conspirators in, FTP, what Shakespeare tragedy about a Roman general who leads an enemy army against Rome to seek revenge
Output: Literature
This writer's period of preeminence was brief. After the failure of Pertharite, he withdrew from the stage for eight years, and then reemerged with Oedipe, only to find that the direct style of his chief rival was more far popular than his own complexity. This author of Rodogune and Andromede had experienced an earlier setback, when the Acadamie Francaise had censured his most popular play. FTP name this rival of Racine and author of plays like Polyeucte, Mde, and Le Cid.
Output: Literature