niryuu/sni-each-converted huggingface dataset:
Charles Pedersen shared the 1987 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for their discovery, in which his strategy for their synthesis was to link catechols via hydroxyl groups. The 18-6 type is notably toxic to humans and exemplifies how these compounds are capable of coordinating with a wide variety of alkali metal cations. They are always composed of a number of ethyleneoxy units linked together in a ring, and rings featuring internal oxygens characterize them. For ten points, name these compounds, named for their resemblance to royal headgear.
Output: Science
This equation's accuracy can be improved if used in conjunction with Lorentz-Hudson-McCoubrey combining rules for modeling interactions between unlike molecules. The trace of fluid-solid coexistence curves can be performed by utilizing Kofke's method for this equation's associated integration. This relation can serve as a test for consistency for the Hubbard approximation if the external magnetic field and chemical potential are chosen as its two intensive parameters. The Lewis-Randall rule relates this equation to Henry's Law, and the Clausius-Claperyon equation can be derived from this relation assuming the two phases are in equilibrium. For 10 points, name this doubly eponymous equation that determines the relationship between changes in chemical potential for components in a system, named after a French energeticist and a Yale physicist.
Output: Science
The first recorded solo by this musician can be heard on We Love to Boogie, and the inspiration of Johnny Hodges and Lester Young can be heard in his phrasing and portamento. On Harmonique he utilized the technique of multiphonics he learned from Theolonius Monk, and in 1958 he rejoined the Miles Davis quintet, contributing to Milestones and Kind of Blue. The creator of the improvisation technique known as sheets of sound, FTP, identify this jazz saxophonist and bandleader.
Output: Fine Arts
One of his works was dedicated to Edward Clarke, while he he left unfinished his Paraphrase and Notes on the Epistles of St. Paul. He observed that children "love to be treated as Rational Creatures" in one work, and argued that atheists cannot be trusted in another work addressed to "Honoured Sir. " He wrote Some Thoughts Concerning Education and A Letter Concerning Toleration, but is better-known for a work distinguishing between primary and secondary qualities, and arguing that the mind is like a "tabula rasa. " FTP, identify this English empiricist who authored Two Treatises Concerning Government and Essay Concerning Human Understanding.
Output: Social Science
One of this man's stories is narrated by an ape who learns to be human so he can escape captivity, while another details a torture machine that inscribes its sentence on the victim's skin. In addition to "A Report To An Academy" and "In The Penal Colony," he wrote a novel where "someone must have been telling lies about Joseph K," The Trial. For 10 points, name this Czech author who depicted Gregor Samsa's transformation into a giant insect in The Metamorphosis.
Output: Literature
This property is measured by the Jones vector, and is said to be elliptical if the Jones vector contains a non-real entry. The circular form may be created by shining light perpendicularly onto a doubly refractive quarter-wave plate, while the linear form results when light is shone off a plane surface at the Brewster angle. According to the Faraday effect, an external magnetic field alters, FTP, what property of light waves in which the electric field points in a specified direction, which was exploited in cameras made by Edwin Land
Output: Science
In 2010, this country opened the Monument of African Renaissance, which was built by North Korean\n laborers and which this country's president claimed a thirty-five percent commission on because it was his\n idea. With its smaller neighbor, this country is the site of over 1,000 stone circles used to mark burial\n mounds. Locations in this country that played an important role in the slave trade include Saint-Louis and\n the site of the Maison des Esclaves, the island of Goree. The Gambia is almost entirely surrounded by this\n country. For 10 points, name this country, home to the westernmost point in Africa and the city of Dakar.
Output: Social Science
This man discussed phrases which describe objects we are not acquainted with in his essay On Denoting. He argued that objects are inferred by logical constructs that are formed from quanta of sensation in his 1918 lectures on Logical Atomism. This author of Why I am not a Christian found a paradox in Freges theory, wherein a set cannot be a member of a set of all sets that are not members of themselves. For 10 points, identify this philosopher who collaborated with Whitehead on the Principia Mathematica.
Output: Social Science
Eve-de Castro-Robinson created a companionship piece for this suite after being commissioned by the New Zealand government to honor Matariki. A women's chorus is utilized in a room offstage, and the slow closing of the door creates the ending effect for the suite. The seventh movement entitled "The Mystic" was the first piece of orchestral music to properly use the fade out technique. The first movement in this piece begins with strings playing col legno, is in 5/4 time, and depicts the "Bringer of War." For 10 points, name this orchestral suite which includes movements entitled "Neptune" and "Mars," a piece by Gustav Holst.
Output: Fine Arts
The commander of the losing force at this battle advanced from Melanthias following the orders of a man named Sebastian, while the Sarmatian commander Victor argued against any action. According to historian Charles Oman, this battle cemented the strength of the cavalry formation and changed the style of warfare for the Roman army, and in this battle a legion of scutarii was commanded by Bacurius the Iberian. This battle was preceded by the Battle of the Willows, and the winning commander at this battle was aided by the generals Alatheus and Saphrax. Taking place after a certain tribe crossed the Danube and won by the commander Fritigern, this battle left Gratian and Valentinian II in charge of the empire. For 10 points, identify this disastrous defeat of the Roman army which saw the death of the emperor Valens, a victory for the Goths in 378 A.D.
Output: History
This molecule has uniform bond lengths of 140 picometers. A strong Lewis acid catalyst can be used to alkylate or acylate this molecule. Alternating carbon-carbon single and double bonds characterize this molecule's two resonance structures, which represent its six delocalized pi electrons. Huckel's rule describes this molecule's structure, which was first discovered by August Kekul. Adding an -OH group to this molecule produces phenol, while adding a CH3 group to it makes toluene. For 10 points, name this aromatic compound with formula C6H6.
Output: Science
He was the architect of the Pact of Espino Negro which ended the civil war between Diaz and Moncada in Guatemala and soon after was appointed governor-general of the Philippines, a post he held until 1929. He authored "The Decision to use the Atomic Bomb," the first written defense of that action. Much earlier he had headed the U.S. delegations to the Geneva Disarmament Conference and the London Naval Conference and, in opposition to the Japanese invasion of Manchuria, put forth his namesake doctrine. FTP identify this secretary of state for Hoover and secretary of war for FDR and Truman.
Output: History
In this novel, one source of religious authority is the towns vicar Parson Irwine, who cares for his invalid sister Anne. The title character is loved by Mary Burge, the daughter of his employer, and studies with a schoolmaster named Bartle Massey. Set in the town of Hayslope at the end of the 18th century, it features a Methodist preacher named Dinah Morris who eventually marries the title character after the woman he loves is sentenced to death for murdering her illegitimate child. FTP, name this work which features Arthur Donnithorne and Hetty Sorrel, the first novel written by George Eliot, whose title character is an upstanding carpenter.
Output: Literature
The author of the folk history Twelve Million Black Voices and the essay "The Ethics of Living Jim Crow", his is considered to have written the first American existential novel with The Outsider, written after he moved to Paris. He first came to public attention with stories like "Big Boy Leaves Home" and "Long Black Song", collected in the volume  Uncle Tom's Children. American Hunger served as the sequel to his autobiographical Black Boy. For ten points, name this American author best known for the novel Native Son.
Output: Literature
Prior to this battle, the victorious commander landed his troops in Milford Haven. In the lead-up to this battle, John Howard, the Duke of Norfolk, was killed in nearby fighting, and this battle was followed two years later by the Battle of Stoke Field. The winner here later had to deal with uprisings led by the supposed Earl of Warwick and (*) Perkin Warbeck. The losing monarch of this battle fought near Ambion Hill is often accused of having murdered the Princes in the Tower, and that monarch was famously unhorsed during this engagement. A 1485 victory for the House of Lancaster, for 10 points, name this victory for Henry VII over Richard III in the Wars of the Roses.
Output: History
In one story by this author, the ex-Marine Harold Krebs tells his mother that he cannot love anymore after experiencing World War I. In addition to ""Soldier's Home,"" this man wrote a story in which the title character's wife Margot spends the night with Robert Wilson after her husband ran from a lion. Margot ultimately shoots and kills her husband in that story by this author, ""The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber. "" For 10 points, name this man who wrote a book about Santiago's attempt to catch a marlin, The Old Man and the Sea.
Output: Literature
artist depicted two fat women playing blackjack in Rose and Amelia, while a tree is placed between two lovers in his painting Eye in Eye. A small baby appears in the corner of one of his depictions of a naked woman with a halo, while another of his paintings sees a naked girl cast an eerie shadow while sitting on a bed. Among this artist's self portraits are one "during the Spanish flu," one "between clock and bed," and another "with a burning (*) cigarette. " In addition to Madonna and Puberty, he also painted a woman with red hair who appears to be either kissing or biting a man's neck in his Vampire. His painting Anxiety, which is part of this artist's series The Frieze of Life, has the same setting of his most famous painting, in which two dark figures and a man grasping his face stand on a bridge. For 10 points, name this Norwegian Expressionist painter of The Scream.
Output: Fine Arts
A bassoon announces the main theme in the first movement of a concerto by this composer, which opens with fanfare from the timpani and cymbals. That work by this composer features a third movement which was called an "orgy of sound" and recalls the first movement grandioso. Walter Damrosch frequently conducted premieres for this composer, who called for instruments such as the guira to (*) "take center stage" at the end of one of his overtures. This composer used a Charleston theme in his Concerto in F and used taxi horns in An American in Paris. For 10 points, name this composer who used a clarinet glissando to open Rhapsody in Blue.
Output: Fine Arts
Numerous bees, symbols of the Barberini family, adorn the four columns of this man's colossal work marking the supposed burial place of St. Peter, his Baldecchino. His mastery of marble sculpture exemplified by his sculptures The Rape of Proserpina and Apollo and Daphne, while another of his outdoor works surrounds an Egyptian obelisk and depicts personifications of the Nile, Ganges, Danube, and Rio de la Plata. For 10 points, name this Baroque sculptor known best for his Ecstasy of St. Teresa.
Output: Fine Arts
The aria ""Vedrommi Intorno"" is sung by the titular King of Crete in this man's opera Idomeneo. Another of his operas contains the aria "Ho capito, signor, si" and contains the character Leporello, the servant of a character who kills Donna Anna's father and is dragged to hell at the end of the opera. This man composed ""The Queen of the Night Aria"" for a well-known piece, and in yet another opera with music composed by him, Ferrando and Guglielmo try to seduce each other's wives; that opera is Cosi fan tutte (""TWO""-tee). For 10 points name this Austrian composer of the operas Don Giovanni and The Magic Flute.
Output: Fine Arts
A poet who wrote exclusively about the inhabitants of a northwestern city of this country did so in such volumes as Difficult Situations and For the Shortcut. In the nineteenth century, a Jewish author from this country described Efrain's heartbreak after returning home from medical school in London to see his cousin in the romance Maria. One author from this country wrote a "gothic tale from the hot lands" before a series including Snow of the Admiral and The Tramp Stamer's Last Port of Call featuring the recurring character of (*) Maqroll the Lookout. This home country of Luis Carlos Lopez, Jorge Isaacs, and Alvaro Mutis is also home to an author who wrote a novel where everyone is ordered to wake up at three in the morning in order to distract a politician from the beautiful Manuela Sanchez, and a man who may be 232 years old is eaten by vultures. For 10 points, name this country where novels such as The Autumn of the Patriarch and Love in the Time of Cholera were written by Gabriel Garcia Marquez.
Output: Literature
Metals exposed to them induce the creation of Landau levels, allowing the mapping of Fermi surfaces through the De Haas-van Alphen effect. In some elements, such as bismuth, their presence gives rise to forces that attempt to counter or expel them, the most famous example of which is seen in semiconductors via the Meissner effect. They fall off as the inverse of the distance around a current carrying wire, and can be represented by continuous lines that emerge from north-seeking poles and enter south-seeking poles. FTP, what are these regions in which the namesake force is observable
Output: Science
Many of the title roles of this composer's operas were created by the soprano Hortense Schneider. The traveler Baron Gondremarck attempts to arrange a liaison with Metella in this man's first opera with a contemporary setting, La vie parisienne. His final opera is divided into three acts named "Olympia", "Antonia", and "Giulietta", the last of which opens with "Belle nuit, o nuit d'amour", a famous (*) barcarolle. The character of Public Opinion introduces his most famous operetta, a Christoph Willibald Gluck parody which closes with the "Galop Infernal", whose tune became closely associated with the can-can. For 10 points, name this French composer of the operas Tales of Hoffman and Orpheus in the Underworld.
Output: Fine Arts
One of these organisms, Tesnusocaris goldichi, possessed uniramous instead of biramous appendages. One structure that characterizes this phylum undergoes apolysis and ecdysis and is composed of proteins like resilin or sclerotin interwoven with fibrous alpha-chitin. That structure, often mineralized with calcium carbonate, is a cuticle. Animals in this phylum uptake waste from their hemolymph using Malpighian tubules and also possess open circulatory systems and jointed legs. For 10 points, name this phylum of segmented invertebrates protected by exoskeletons, which includes crustaceans, arachnids and insects.
Output: Science
This artist used a series of loosely painted horizontal lines to create the title landscape in his View from the Dunes with Beach and Piers, and the branches at the top of the title object are very dark blue in his Evening: Red Tree. Two women face up with their eyes closed while another looks straight ahead in one work, which features those purple-blue two women with red shapes and yellow Stars of David, respectively, next to their ears, a triptych known as Evolution. This painter made two Cubist-influenced Still Lifes with Gingerpot, and a more characteristic style can be seen in black-and-white works such as Pier and Ocean, created using plusses and minuses. Rhythm of Black Lines exemplifies his use of orthogonal black lines, which permeate his series of Compositions. This artist created a painting featuring blue and red squares within yellow lines representing the title New York City thoroughfare. For 10 points, name this De Stijl artist who painted Broadway Boogie Woogie.
Output: Fine Arts
substance is subjected to the chemical oxygen demand and biochemical oxygen demand tests, and measurements of its quality include TSS and TDS. One property of this substance can be tested for by a circular disk divided into black-and-white quarter-segments and mounted on a pole, a device called a Secchi Disk. Thermal differences in this material can result in different concentrations of carbon dioxide in different layers of it, which can cause a CO2 eruption to occur. Darcy's law can be used to describe the movement of this substance when it is found in rock. For 10 points, name this substance found in aquifers, lakes, and rivers.
Output: Science
A dove stands on a shelf behind a bull in panic in this painting. In the bottom left of this painting, a hand holds a broken sword, from which a flower grows. Above the sword, a lamp is a held by a horrified face that looks in through a window. A horse that has a dagger for a tongue and a skull in its head is gored by the bull. Above all this, a light bulb blazes in the shape of an evil eye. Depicting the bombing of the eponymous Basque town by the Luftwaffe, for 10 points, name this mural by Pablo Picasso.
Output: Fine Arts
When the invading fleet appeared in the Bay of Phalerum before this battle, they were sent a false message by a spy which led them to blockade the Bay of Eleusis with a thin line of 1,000 ships. The Greek fleet of 370 vessels attacked and broke the line, resulting in the loss of 500 Persians ships, while the Greeks under Themistocles only lost 40 ships. FTP, name this major 480 BC naval battle in a strait southwest of Athen.
Output: History
One of this author's novels centers on a paladin of Charlemagne called Agilulf. Biagio narrates another one of his novels, in which Viola embarks on a love affair with Cosimo Piovasco after he flees into the forest. This author of The Nonexistent Knight and The Baron in the Trees wrote about the orphan Pin in The Path to the Nest of Spiders. Marco Polo silently describes 55 imaginary locales to Kublai Khan in this writer's Invisible Cities. Ermes Marana deliberately threads together partial translations of novels, much to the frustration of two readers of one of his novels, Ludmilla and you. For 10 points, name this Italian author of If on a winter's night a traveler.
Output: Literature
Indian Notebooks records his efforts at helping the Seneca fight off the encroaching Ogden Land Company earning this social scientist the nickname "one bridging the gap. " By comparing the organizational structures of Native American to those of the Greeks and Romans he helped to connect cultures in an evolutionary schema. This process was explained in his 1877 work subtitled Researches in the Lines of Human Progress from Savagery through Barbarism to Civilization, he also stressed the importance of terms ile "consanguinity" and "kinship. " FTP identify this early ethnologist best known for Ancient Society.
Output: Social Science
One of this composer's works opens with the sacrifice of a "milk-white steed" to Woden, and later Cupid sings "In spite of cold weather, I've brought you together" as part of a play-within-a-play. That occurs in this composer's collaboration with John Dryden, who wrote the libretto to that semi-opera, King Arthur. This composer also collaborated with Nahum Tate on a full opera in which an evil sorceress, observing the title characters' love, resolves that she can destroy the kingdom by inducing one of them to believe he has a city to found elsewhere. The witch correctly predicts that the abandoned lover will die of grief, which she does after singing the aria "When I am laid in Earth." For ten points, name this English composer, creator of Abdelazer and Dido and Aeneas.
Output: Fine Arts
In 1958 March and Simon formulated this law of Planning. A 1986 article by Rolnick and Weber gave empirical evidence that seemed to contradict this law. Akerlofs The Market for Lemons gives an incomplete analogy of this law to the market for automobiles. H.D. Macleod suggested that this law be named for a man who had noted the adverse effect of the Great Debasements. This law has its effect when two or more types of currency are in circulation in the same area and the value of one fluctuates, leading to hoarding of the stable currency. FTP name this economic law which, in simplest terms, states that bad money drives out the good.
Output: Social Science
This thinker introduced his concept of "the doctrine of the mean" as a balance between excess and deficiency, the ideal expression of virtue. In addition to that work named after his son, he described his impetus theory of motion in his Physics. In Politics, he claimed that the title entity is dynamic and comes before family and the individual. He stated that the objective of tragedy is to invoke catharsis in Poetics. For 10 points, name this Greek Peripatetic philosopher who wrote The Nicomachean Ethics and was taught by Plato.
Output: Social Science
This man's suite of music written to honor an Austrian composer was adapted into the ballet \nMozartiana by George Balanchine. This composer is said to have been annoyed when Alexander III called\n one of his ballets "very nice." That ballet contains the "Garland Waltz" and the "Procession of the Fairy\n Tales," and features leitmotifs representing Carabosse and the Lilac Fairy. In addition to The Sleeping\n Beauty, he composed a ballet in which Odette is transformed into a bird by the curse of Rothbart, as well as\n one which includes the "Dance of the Mirlitons" and the "Dance of the Sugar Plum Fairy." For 10 points,\n name this composer of the ballets Swan Lake and The Nutcracker.
Output: Fine Arts
Gyro-resonant wave particle interactions that occur in these regions can accelerate electrons to ultrarelativistic energies and temporary artificial ones composed of electrons produced from the decay of fission fragments were created by the Argus and Starfish Prime nuclear tests. Contained within the Chapman-Ferraro cavity, one of these entities imparts high energy proton and electrons to the South Atlantic Anomaly. They are primarily generated through neutron albedo and are composed of an inner zone containing protons and an outer plasma zone which generates a ring current responsible for magnetic storms. For 10 points, what are these regions of geomagnetically trapped particles first discovered by Geiger counters on Explorer 1 and 3.
Output: Science
He was a childhood friend of Jan Brueghel the Younger, with whom he set up a workshop. His later apprenticeship to Rubens is evident in his Samson and Delilah, though he is better known for his portraits. He painted various Genoese nobility, and his connection to the Brueghels is seen by his well-known etching of Pieter the Younger. Many of his subjects were English as he initially worked for James I, and he is best known for his paintings of Henrietta Maria and her husband. This 17th century Flemish artist and printer of the Iconography series is, for 10 points, which court painter of Charles I
Output: Fine Arts
The Bekenstein formula gives the entropy associated with one of these objects, whose thermodynamic processes inspired t'Hooft and Susskind to devise the holographic principle. Kruskal coordinates can be used to bridge the boundary associated with one type of these objects, and the inability to see the inside of one is known as the cosmic censorship hypothesis. These objects can only contain mass, angular momentum, and charge according to the no-hair theorem. Energy can be extracted from a rotating one via the Penrose process, and these objects can be described by the Reissner-Nordstrom or Kerr metrics, as well as the Schwarzchild metric. Surrounded by a boundary from beyond which an outside observer can receive no information, for ten points, identify these objects which may emit Hawking radiation and are believed to contain singularities formed from the collapse of a whole bunch of mass.
Output: Science
It lies within a saddle-like depression of the sphenoid bone known as the sella turcica. One of its regions develops from Rathkes pouch while another arises from neuroectoderm of the diencephalon. That region contains neurosecretroy neurons with cells bodies located in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of a superior structure. Cortiotropes and gonadotropes can be found within its pars distalis while its secretions include ACTH, somatotropin, FSH, and LH. Composed of the adenohypophysis and the neurohypophysis, for 10 points, name this structure located below the hypothalamus that is divided into an anterior and posterior lobe.
Output: Science
One poet wrote that if he should die in this conflict, "think only that there's some corner of a foreign field that is forever England." Another poet wrote about the blood "gargling from the froth-corrupted lungs" of a victim of this conflict. Another poet described soldiers in this conflict as "bent double, like old beggars under sacks" and warned civilians not to repeat "the Old Lie." Poets who wrote about this war include (*) Siegfried Sassoon and Rupert Brooke. For 10 points, name this conflict depicted in Wilfred Owen's "Dulce et Decorum Est."
Output: Literature
Liberal presidents like Ismael Montes controlled this country during its switch to a tin-exporting economy, while its current president once demonstrated the difference between cocaine and its signature crop of coca by holding up a coca leaf at the U.N. That current head of state is a member of the Movimiento al Socialismo Party. In this country, while planning a coup against its liberal president Rene Barrientos, (*) Che Guevara was executed. This country lost the copper-rich territory of Antofagasta after its defeat in a war sometimes called the Saltpeter War. This nation was defeated by Paraguay in a conflict over the supposedly oil-rich Gran Chaco, and it lost its coastline in the War of the Pacific. For 10 points, name this landlocked Latin American country currently ruled by Evo Morales.
Output: History
The highest waterfall in this political unit is called the Devil's Appendix and is located on the side of\n Cwm (k-OOM) Idwal. An grove of Yew trees at Overton may be the oldest in this place, where a causeway\n known as ""the cob"" connects the town of Holyhead to Anglesey. A Beaker people site at Llethryd Tooth\n Cave is located on this component country's Gower Peninsula, which also includes an unusual rock\n formation called the Hog's Head. People in this region hold spoken word festivals called eisteddfodau, and\n it includes the Wye River valley as well as a large earthern wall separating it from its eastern neighbor,\n Offa's Dyke. For 10 points, identify this component country of the United Kingdom represented on its\n official flag by a dragon.
Output: Social Science
His lesser victories included Lyginus where he defeated the Triballi and the Jaxartes where he defeated the Scythians. Among his less honorable acts were the destruction of Thebes and the slaying, in a fit of anger, of Cleitus the Black who saved his life at the Granicus. The commander of the companion cavalry at Chaeronea, his major victories came at the Hydaspes - against Porus - and Issus and Guagamela against Darius III. After his death, his generals Antigonus, Ptolemy, and Seleucus divided up his kingdom. FTP, name this Macedonian prince who conquered much of the known world before dying in his 30s.
Output: History
This man lost his Senate seat after his Seventh of March speech. His Plymouth Oration argued against the slave trade, and his Oration at Bunker Hill promoted Greek independence. This man tried to restrict Western land sales in his debates with a South Carolina Senator, Robert Hayne. He negotiated a treaty with Alexander Baring that ended the Aroostook War and set the northern boundary of Maine. This man supported the Compromise of 1850 and argued for Dartmouth College in 1816, winning against Woodward. For 10 points, name this cosigner of a treaty with the Duke of Ashburton, a Massachusetts Senator and colleague of John C. Calhoun and Henry Clay.
Output: History
Alfven Waves occur in these substances, and the Langmuir Probe is used to measure them. The quark-gluon type of these may have been created at Brookhaven RHIC, and these entities are studied in Tokamaks, which attempt to create nuclear fusion. Polar auroras and ball lightning are examples of this type of substance, and this state of matter exists when ionization occurs at extremely high temperatures, . For 10 points, name this substance similar to ionized gas, the "fourth state of matter."
Output: Science
A modification of this procedure adds a position term for the center of mass and requires placing the whole system in a potential sphere in order to use the particle in a box method; that procedure is partially named for Huang. The energy calculated in this procedure is a lower bound on the total energy, and the first step of this procedure finds the energy eigenvalue in terms of the position vector R, creating a potential energy surface. A simple application of it is to find the molecular orbitals of an H-two-plus atom, and its second step involves removing the off-diagonal kinetic energy terms, which creates a set of uncoupled motion equations. It states that the one particle only sees the Coloumb potential of another, which removes several terms from an otherwise hairy partial differential equation. For 10 points, name this method which says that nuclear motion can be ignored when modeling a molecule, named for two guys.
Output: Science
In one novel from this country, Mr. Sneaze is mocked by the narrator, an extremely formal house cat. The protagonist of another novel from this country claims that his index finger remembers a woman who is learning to play the shamisen despite living with a paralyzed music teacher. In a third novel from this country, a journalist narrates the "sealed moves" in the retirement game of Shusai, who lays down white stones on a board. For 10 points, name this country whose hot springs are a setting for Snow Country, in which I Am a Cat and The Master of Go were written by Natsume Soseki and Yasunari Kawabata.
Output: Literature
A man resting on a fallen ladder is being crushed by the title object in one scene in this painting, and a person in a yellow hat is slitting the throat of another man in front of that title object. Elsewhere a white, winged creature plays a flute next to a man playing a lyre (+) as Jesus watches from the clouds above. On the left, Eve can be seen springing up from Adam's rib as God, dressed in red, welcomes her. One figure grasps towards the fig leaf of a damned soul on the right hand side of this work, and in that same panel a fish is swallowing (*) a man. The title object is pulled by demons from left to right as all of humanity attempts to grasp a piece of what it is carrying in the central panel. FTP, identify this triptych by Hieronymus Bosch which shares its name with a work depicting a cottage owned by Willy Lott on the left in front of Flatford Mill, an 1821 painting where two young men drive the titular vehicle through some water, created by John Constable.
Output: Fine Arts
This work alludes to Pliny's belief that razors would dull and bees would die in the presence of menstruating women in the chapter "Between Heaven and Earth. " This work describes the soul as a "mannikin" and and the Arab burial of the "Old Man" of wheat and cites Snorri's description of the distribution of Halfdan the Black's body as a reflection of the worship of the Corn-God Osiris. A Turner painting is referenced and the priest of Nemi waiting in the grove of Diana is discussed in its first section, "The King of the Wood. " Taking its name from Aeneas's method of accessing the underworld, for 10 points, identify this work of anthropology subtitled "A Study in Magic and Religion," written by James Fraser.
Output: Social Science
This man retold the Robinson Crusoe story in his Foe, and described a dying former professor named Mrs. Curren who is tended to by Vercueil in Age of Iron. Another work by this man describes Magda, who kills her father and has an affair with a workman. He wrote about Colonel Joll who tortures people in an effort to find information about the title figures of another book, appalling the Magistrate. Another character created by this man takes his mother Anna's ashes to a farm in Karoo after being raised in a home for disabled people because of his harelip. For 10 points, name this South African author of In the Heart of the Country, Waiting for the Barbarians and The Life and Times of Michael K.
Output: Literature
Diane Dodd studied this process by feeding one population fruit flies only starch and others only maltose. The North American apple maggot's switch from hawthorne is an example of this process, which can also be the result of ploidy changes or hybridization. Adaptive radiation can result in the rapid occurrence of this process, which can occur as a result of differing flowering times or geographic isolation. This process comes in sympatric and allopatric types. For 10 points, name this process by which new species emerge.
Output: Science
Usually considered a daughter of Anzu, her Akkadian name means lady of heaven and is related to the Syrian Astarte and biblical Asharoth. She is the subject of a cycle of texts describing her tragic love affair with the one who becomes god of the vegetation cycle, as she gets him to replace her in the underworld after she tries to usurp rule of the underworld from her sister Ereshkigal. FTP, identify this Mesopotamian love of Tammuz, the goddess of love, sex and war.
Output: Social Science
It is mainly obtained in the form of impurities in sulphide ores, which can be roasted to create an oxide which is then reduced to yield the metallic form, and from the minerals realgar and orpiment. It is used in lead-based alloys to produce hardening, and its compounds are used as doping agents in semiconductors and in insecticides, while several complex organic compounds containing it are employed in the treatment of certain diseases, such as amebic dysentery, caused by microorganisms. FTP, name this element, which may have been first isolated around 1250 by Albertus Magnus, a metalloid of group V with atomic number 33 and symbol As.
Output: Science
Kennedy and Illingworth attempted to carry out this experiment with a half-wave step. One of its conductors later worked with Dayton Miller to resolve the problem that this experiment raised. The setup of this experiment was constructed atop a slab of marble floating in a pool of mercury. One of this experiment's conductors created a namesake interferometer to split a single light source into two beams of light. For 10 points, name this experiment, the null result of which discredited the existence of luminiferous [loo-mih-NIH-fer-us] ether.
Output: Science
He once kicked Yama to death, making everyone immortal for a time. He also beheaded his father-in-law Daksha, then gave him a goat's head. At the request of Bhagiratha, he agreed to break the fall of the goddess Ganga with his hair. His wife once saved him by strangling him after he caught the secretions of the serpent Vasuki during the churning of the oceans, turning his throat blue. Cursed by the sage Bhrigu to be worshipped in the form of the phallic lingam, FTP name this father of Ganesha and husband of Parvati, often called the destroyer.
Output: Social Science
One philosopher from this modern-day country argued that any person who did not distribute their surplus wealth among the needy was a thief in On Charity. That same philosopher from this country argued against James I of England's divine right of kings and instead rooted the basis of government in two contracts from consent in Defense of the Catholic and Apostolic Faith. Another philosopher from this country held that a war even on just causes would be unjust if it caused more harm than good based on his idea of the Christian Republic in his On the Law of War. That same philosopher held that the conquest was not a just title to possession of the Americas while holding that the Indians were not "natural slaves" in his On the Indies. For 10 points name this modern day country home to the Late Scholastic philosophers Francisco Suarez and Francisco de Vitoria and the School of Salamanca, where Bartolomeo de las Casas was born in Seville
Output: Social Science
reductase is the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of this compound. Steps in its formation include the production of mevalonate, which is converted to activated isoprenes. Those isoprenes are condensed into squalene, which is then cyclized to form this compound. Mineralocorticoid hormones like aldosterone are synthesized from this compound. Its concentration in the bloodstream is lowered by (*) statins. This molecule maintains the fluidity of the plasma membrane at low temperatures. High concentrations of this compound in bile lead to gall stones. When this molecule is deposited in blood vessels, the resulting narrowing and hardening of their walls is called atherosclerosis. For 10 points, name this lipid often classified as either HDL or LDL, its "good" and "bad" varieties.
Output: Science
A construction named for this man is the identity of the convolution function, and a Clifford algebra can be constructed from his namesake gamma matrices. His inference that the gravitational constant varies inversely with time is part of his large numbers hypothesis. A pair of conjugate transposes make up his (*) bra-ket notation, and a model of a vacuum as particles possessing negative energy is known as his sea. He names a set of statistics describing fermions with Fermi. For 10 points, name this physicist who names a function that is infinite at one point and zero everywhere else, his namesake delta function.
Output: Science
His songs include words by Housman, Hopkins, Yeats, and Stephens, and he set to music James Joyce's Chamber Music. His operas include A Hand of Bridge and Antony and Cleopatra and he composed the Capricorn Concerto for flute, oboe, trumpet, and strings. Known for the vocal piece Dover Beach, his best known opera is Vanessa. For 10 points, name this American composer best-known for Adagio for Strings.
Output: Fine Arts
One character in this work is followed around Montreal by a Pinkerton detective after inadvertently robbing the saloon Fitzgerald and Moy's. That character dreams of leaving his vain daughter, Jessica, and his wife, Julia, behind forever. Yet by the end of the novel he must accept the comfort provided by the Captain in a homeless shelter in New York. During his days as a railroad scab worker, that character reflects on his love for the title figure, a woman he'd seen perform at his rival's Elks Lodge before she hit it big under the stage name Madenda. First published in 1900, it ends with the title figure being rejected by Mr. Ames and sitting in her favorite rocking chair. FTP, identify this work about a girl who romances Charles Drouet and George Hurstwood, the first novel by Theodore Dreiser.
Output: Literature
In 2007, this city began a controversial underground rail project called the Crossrail. In 2009, its mayor, Boris Johnson, saved a woman from a mugging while biking to work. In 2005, this city was rocked by a series of coordinated terrorist attacks on July 7. This city is in the process of constructing an Aquatics Centre, a Velopark (VELL-oh-park), and a Handball Arena as it is hosting the 2012 Summer Olympics. For 10 points, name this capital of the United Kingdom.
Output: Fine Arts
Among this poet's famous lines are "Tis better to have loved and lost / Than never to have loved at all" and "Theirs not to reason why, / Theirs but to do and die". In addition to "In Memoriam A.H.H.," this Poet Laureate under Queen Victoria also wrote "The Lady of Shalott." (*) For 10 points, what 19th-century poet wrote "The Charge of the Light Brigade".
Output: Literature
This dynasty sent Zhang Qian on exploring missions, and it was confronted by the Rebellion of the Seven States. The Records of A Grand Historian were written by Sima Qian during this dynasty, and after the Battle of Jushi, Emperor Wu forced the Xiongnu to become its tributaries. An interregnum by Wang Mang's Xin dynasty divides this dynasty into [*] "Eastern" and "Western" parts. It was founded by Liu Bang after the Qin dynasty and was followed by the Three Kingdoms period. Challenged by the palace eunuchs and the Daoist Yellow Turban Rebellion, for 10 points, name the Chinese dynasty after which the primary ethnic group of China is named.
Output: History
One of this artists paintings focuses on a multicolored shield as the Emperor Titus rears on a majestic white horse. This artist of The Destruction of Jerusalem painted Ruth kneeling before Boaz in one of a quartet of paintings that also includes a depiction of The Spies with the Grapes of the Promised Land. He depicted Judas sneaking out of the Last Supper in Eucharist, which joins works like Extreme Unction and Baptism in another series. This artist of The Four Seasons and The Seven Sacraments painted a work in which group of chariots riding above clouds as Wealth, Poverty, Labor, and Pleasure join hands in the center. Another of his paintings shows four peasants examining a tomb. For 10 points, name this classical French artist of A Dance to the Music of Time and Et in Arcadia Ego.
Output: Fine Arts
In the chiral bag model of nucleons, this effect explains the origin of non-zero expectation values for fermion bilinears, and it has been proposed as a possible explanation for sonoluminescence. It has been measured to within 1% of its theoretical value using a polystyrene sphere attached to the tip of an atomic force microscope. Its namesake originally proposed it after investigating van der Waals forces in colloidal solutions, when he noted that fluctuations in the second-quantized electromagnetic field could explain the interaction between two neutral particles. FTP name this effect that describes the attractive force between two uncharged conducting plates in a vacuum, which is named for a Dutch physicist.
Output: Science
In one section of this work, Mrs. McIntyre hires a Polish man fleeing from concentration camps to work on her dairy farm, but she does nothing to stop Mr. Shortley from running Mr. Guizac over with a tractor. In addition to "The Displaced Person" another story in this collection discusses a boy who receives a fortune from a scale that reads: "You have a great destiny ahead of you but beware of dark women. " Later that boy accidentally knocks a woman over on the sidewalk, yet his grandfather Mr. Head denies knowing him to avoid paying the medical bill, while in a different story the salesman Manley Pointer steals Hulga Hopewell's wooden leg. Along with "The Artificial Nigger" and "Good Country People", in this collection's title story the cat Pitty Sing makes Bailey crash the family car and meet Hiram and Bobby Lee. For 10 points, identify this collection named for a story about the Misfit written by Flannery O'Connor.
Output: Literature
When Bishop Halvard comes to town, this character is charged with committing adultery with a servant. This character is betrothed to Simon, but she breaks off the engagement because she loves a man with two illegitimate children by Eline; Eline later tries to poison this character, and stabs herself when caught in the act. The character was born at an estate called Skog, and she inherits an estate known as Joundgaard. She dies in a convent at Nidaros after her son Skule tells her of the Black Plagues infiltration of the city. Appearing in a trilogy consisting of The Bridal Wreath, The Mistress of Husaby, and The Cross, FTP, name this fourteenth-century protagonist of Sigrid Undset.
Output: Literature
This author praised post-apocalyptic works of science fiction in New Maps of Hell and analyzed Ian Flemings work in The James Bond Dossier. He also wrote genre novels such as a work about an inn owner who is haunted by the ghost of a long-dead scholar who attempts to murder the protagonists daughter, The Green Man, and a novel in which Brian Leonard attempts to discover the identity of a spy at an army base involved in Operation Apollo while Lady Hazell practices promiscuous polyandry, The Anti-Death League. He won a Booker for a novel about the death of the author Alun Weaver. In another of his novels, the title protagonist falls in love with Christine Callaghan and gives a disastrous lecture on Merrie England. For 10 points, name this author of The Old Devils and Lucky Jim.
Output: Literature
Although it is now attributed to Michelozzo, the Pazzi Chapel was once thought to have been designed by this man. His biographer, Antonio Manetti, describes how he illustrated the principles of perspective by drawing the Palazzo Vecchio and the Florentine Baptistery from two different points. His works include the design of the (*) Hospital of the Innocents, as well as a project that plagued the architect Arnolfo di Cambio for years. A lantern stands atop of his crowning achievement, which was built without the use of flying buttresses because it is supported by an octagonal base. For 10 points, name this Italian architect who successfully inserted a dome on top of Florence Cathedral.
Output: Fine Arts
river rises on the Two Oceans Plateau and receives the Pacific Branch of Two Oceans Creek near Moran Junction. Much of this river's course is located on an arid but fertile plain containing many basalt flows as well as the sinks of the Lost River and was also the route of the catastrophic draining of Lake Bonneville. This river's tributaries include the Palouse and Henrys Fork and the Shoshone Falls is located on this river which passes next to Fort Hall and the Craters of the Moon National Monument. Its largest tributary is the Salmon, which it meets near the Seven Devils Mountains in Hells Canyon Gorge, before it forms part of the Oregon-Idaho border. For 10 points, identify this river that flows through Grand Teton National Park and is the largest tributary of the Columbia River.
Output: Social Science
In mass spectrometry, an aromatic cation with this many carbon atoms often appears at m over z equals 91. The signal for the central proton of an isopropyl group will have this many peaks in proton NMR. A violet-colored strong oxidizing agent has a metal in this oxidation state. That compound is potassium permanganate. This is the number of elemental gases that are diatomic at standard conditions. This integer is equal to the negative log of hydronium concentration of pure water at 25 degrees Celsius, and is also the number of valence electrons possessed by the most electronegative element, fluorine. For 10 points, give this number equal to the neutral pH value.
Output: Science
This writer created a puff pastry-eating man who encourages Piskaryov to pursue a beautiful woman he sees on Nevsky Prospekt. In a story by this writer, a barber, offended by the protagonist's characterization of his hands as smelly, tries to throw a body part surreptitiously into the River Neva as an act of revenge. In another story by this writer, the words "I am your brother" make a young official regret making fun of the protagonist, who later confronts the "important person". Petrovich creates the title garment for that character, Akaky Akakievitch. For 10 points, name this Russian short-story writer, author of "The Nose" and "The Overcoat."
Output: Literature