niryuu/sni-each-converted huggingface dataset:
The Black Woodpecker was sacred to this god, who is mentioned alongside a group of deities in the Arval Hymn. A sheep, pig, and goat were sacrificed to this god in the Suovetaurilia, and the 24th day of his month was the date of the festival of the king's flight. A horse was sacrificed to this god on the 15th of October and its head fought over while its tail was hung in the Regia, which also housed a set of sacred (*) spears dedicated to this god. Augustus erected a temple to this god as "Avenger." The "leaping" priests or Salii of this god danced with the ancilla shields. This god was identified with Liber and paired with Venus at the Lectisternum. For ten points, name this member of the Capitoline Triad along with Jupiter and Quirinus, worshipped by the Flamen Martialis and identified with the Greek Ares.
Output: Social Science
A gas of these non-photon things with a temperature of less than 2 kelvins is thought to permeate the universe. A hypothetical right-handed one of these things may be a significant contributor to dark matter if it is "sterile." The width of the Z boson decay provides the tightest bounds on the number of types of these things, and elastic scattering among them is also mediated by the Z boson. The Standard Model fails to account for one non-gravitational behavior of these leptons, in which their flavors vary over time; that phenomenon, characterized by the PMNS matrix, is called "oscillation." An "anti" version of one of these elementary particles is emitted in beta decay. For 10 points, name these incredibly light uncharged particles that barely interact with anything.
Output: Science
Proteins involved in their regulation may include CIRCE and CAP, which binds to cAMP under conditions of low glucose. One of these is involved in the regulation of the porin OmpG, while IS1 and IS5 are insertion elements which cause activation of another of them. The most widely accepted model of their function, developed after studying one coding for beta-galactoside, is named after Jacob and Monod. For 10 points, name this group of related genes, including an operator and promoter, which is transcribed together in prokaryotes, the most famous of which is the lac one.
Output: Science
Fermat's little theorem can be used to prove that this function of a prime minus one equals negative one modulo that prime according to Wilson's theorem. When this function's argument is downshifted by one, the gamma function results. The natural log of this function of n is equal to n log n minus n for very large n according to [*] Stirling's approximation. This function appears in the denominator of all the terms of the Taylor series, and it is used to calculate binomial coefficients with combinations. For 10 points, name this function of n equal to the product of all positive integers less than or equal to n, symbolized with an exclamation point.
Output: Science
This man names a hierarchy with Schutzenberger whose Type-1 level can be interpreted with a linear bounded automaton. In one work, this thinker defined the terms "competence" and "performance." This man criticized Skinner's belief that children are conditioned to develop a (*) verbal behavior, and instead proposed an inherent acquisition device. This pioneer of the concept of transformational-generative grammar used the sentence "Colorless green ideas sleep furiously" to demonstrate that a meaningless sentence can be grammatically correct. Syntactic Structures was written by, for ten points, what MIT linguist
Output: Science
This work contains a digression about the massacre of Baron Dieskau's column under the orders of Major Effingham three years after the former's defeat at a lake which the protagonist calls the Horican. Later, a series of abductions result when another battle is started by a woman's refusal to surrender a shawl, though the revelation of a tattoo of Unamis convinces Tamenud to suspend the death sentence of one abductee. That character had earlier been saved when the psalmist David Gamut took his place at the stake, allowing Duncan Heyward to escape and join the pursuit of Cora Munro. FTP, name this novel in which the attempted vengeance of Magua leads to the death of Uncas, the second of the novels featuring Natty Bumppo by James Fenimore Cooper.
Output: Literature
A six-movement work of chamber music by this composer includes movements entitled "Floe," "Rubric," and "Facades." His first cello concerto, written for Julian Lloyd Webber, is one of the eight concertos collected in his Concerto Project. This composer's album Solo Piano ends with the tracks "Mad Rush" and "Wichita Sutra Vortex," which follow five tracks named "Metamorphosis." This composer wrote Music in Twelve Parts for his namesake ensemble. He scored a work whose name is Hopi for "life out of balance," Koyaanisqatsi. This composer's "Portrait Trilogy" includes operas about Gandhi and Akhenaten, as well as an opera with five intermezzos called "knee plays." For 10 points, name this minimalist composer known for his film scores and his opera Einstein on the Beach.
Output: Fine Arts
Among the drugs used to treat this disease are the anti-bacterial TOBI and VX-770, currently in FDA Phase 2 testing. People with this disease also often suffer from "Clubbing", and the ductus deferens fails to develop in affected males. It is typically caused by a loss of a phenylalanine in its namesake transmembrane conductance regulator protein, leading to increased sodium absorption. This disease is linked with a gene on chromosome 7. Pilocarpine is applied to the skin in the sweat-chloride test for this disease. For 10 points, name this disease characterized by an abnormal buildup of mucus in the lungs.
Output: Science
He established the department of anthropology at Yale after his time at the Canadian National Museum in Ottawa, where his studies among Indians resulted in the suggestion that North American Indian languages could be grouped into 6 divisions. This was important because man's perception of the world was mediated through language, this was the basis for the ethno-linguistic hypothesis he later studied with his student Benjamin Whorf. FTP identify this anthropologist most famed for 1921's Language.
Output: Social Science
One pathway to synthesize this involves the condensation of anthranilate with phosphoribosylpyrophosphate. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 regulates the cytokine dependent catabolism of this molecule in dendritic cells, and consumption of large amounts of this chemical may result in eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome. Its namesake synthase exhibits substrate channeling by passing the intermediate through a tunnel before it reacts with serine. Deficiencies of a certain neurotransmitter can be caused by fructose malabsorbtion in the intestines as it lowers the level of this amino acid in the blood. That neurotransmitter, serotonin, is synthesized from this amino acid as are melatonin and niacin. For ten points, identify this amino acid with an indole functional group.
Output: Science
Albert Parsons led a march down Michigan Street in a parallel to this event that did not end in violence. As a result of this event, August Spies and 7 other men were hanged after quick and dubious trials. After Samuel Fielden spoke, a member of the crowd threw a bomb at a police officer, which killed him. The Knights of Labor were blamed by the public for this event, although it was primarily caused by desire for an 8 hour work day. FTP, identify this May 4, 1888 event which saw a violent conflict between laborers at the McCormick Harvester plant and the police.
Output: History
Its largest rivers are the Kapuas in the west and the Barito in the south, and its highest point is at Mount Kinabalu. One of the most sparsely populated regions in the world, the two major ethnic groups living on the island are the Dyaks and the Malays. Kalimantan covers 70% of the total area, and the states of Sabah and Sarawak lie along the north coast. FTP, identify this third-largest island in the world, which is divided among Indonesia, Malaysia, and Brunei.
Output: Social Science
Among the German buildings designed in this style are the Nymphenburg palace and the Residenztheater, both by Francois de Cuvillies, while in Italy this movement was embodied in the paintings of Giambattista Tiepolo and in France by such paintings as The Toilet of Venus and The Swing. Its name comes from a French word for shell-covered rockwork, and a notable example of the elegance of this movement can be seen in the painting Embarcation to Cythera. FTP, identify this art movement, popularized by the paintings of Jean-Honore Fragonard and Jean-Antoine Watteau.
Output: Fine Arts
Fascinated in his youth by the sea and ships, he spent two years of his reign traveling throughout Europe learning the techniques of shipbuilding, but upon his return was forced to put down a revolt of the streltsy. Originally joint emperor with his retarded brother Ivan under the regency of his half-sister Sophia, he soon seized power, and later had his son Alexei tortured to death to maintain his rule. His seizure and eventual loss of Azov was his first notable attempt to gain greater maritime access, which was completed with his gain of a section of the Baltic coast, where he founded his new capital, modeled on the Western ideas he forced upon his country. FTP, who was this victor in the Great Northern War who from 1682-1725 ruled Russia
Output: History
This composer, who wrote piano trios nicknamed "Ghost" and "Archduke," also composed The Creatures of Prometheus. The second movement of one of his symphonies ends with a cadenza for flute, oboe, and clarinet and is subtitled "By the Brook." The finale of this composer's String Quartet No. was published as his Grosse Fugue. This composer of the Pastoral Symphony incorporated a poem beginning "Freude, schoner Gotterfunken" into his ninth symphony. For 10 points, name this German composer, whose Choral Symphony features the "Ode to Joy."
Output: Fine Arts
In the second and third steps of this biochemical reaction, the enzyme aconitase promotes the dehydration of the first product, yielding cis-aconitate, and then isocitrate. Malate dehydrogenase is the enzyme that contributes to the final product, which is recycled in this reaction to yield citrate after coupling with another two-carbon compound. Involving the conversion of NAD+ to NADH and FAD to FADH2, this reaction produces oxaloacetate, which binds to said two-carbon compound. FTP, identify this cycle of cellular respiration that starts by bonding acetyl CoA to pyruvate.
Output: Science
This author wrote about Violet and Peony Lindsey making a snowman who comes to life as a little girl, while in another story a man painted half red and half black tells Robin to wait at the steps of a church for one hour to see the title character. This author of "The Snow Image" wrote about Bartram discovering the title character has burnt himself in his lime kiln looking for the "unpardonable sin" in "Ethan Brand." This author wrote a story about Aminadab helping Aylmer remove the titular defect from his wife Georgiana, while Reverend Hooper refuses to remove a depressing garment in "The Minister's Black Veil." For 10 points, name this author who wrote "Young Goodman Brown" and The Scarlet Letter.
Output: Literature
On this god's "Great Night," worshipers imitate a hunter who escaped tigers by dropping a thousand bilwa leaves on a representation of him. Devotees of this god draw three vibhuti lines across their foreheads in white ash. He is shown with his hair turning into a river in depictions of that river's descent. This god is often depicted resting on an animal skin and holding a (*) trident; alternatively, he crushes a dwarf beneath his foot as Nataraja, the cosmic dancer. Mount Kailasa is sacred to this god, the husband of Parvati and father of Ganesh. For 10 points, name this destroyer god of the Hindu Trimurti.
Output: Social Science
The third movement of this man's third symphony is marked Andantino quasi allegretto and features a vaguely Latin American rhythm before transitioning uninterrupted into a finale marked Molto deliberatoAllegro risulto. He wrote an opera in which Top is an itinerant worker who enlists Martin's help in getting Grandma Moss drunk at the beginning of the second act, and he wrote incidental music for an Irvin Shaw play with trumpet, cor anglais, and string orchestra. This composer of The Tender Land and Quiet City wrote a tone poem whose refrain comes from the Mexican folk song "El Palo Verde", and he wrote a work for full orchestra which is narrated by the reading of such documents as the Gettysburg Address. For 10 pointsname this composer of El Saln Mxico and Lincoln Portrait who wrote the sections "Saturday Night Waltz" and "Hoe-Down" for his ballet Rodeo and who adapted the Shaker Hymn "Simple Gifts" for the seventh section of his ballet Appalachian Spring.
Output: Fine Arts
Some myths consider this figure's mother and father to be a member of a cliff-dwelling tribe, and a man-eater who lives in the heavens, respectively. One of this deity's greatest rivals was a cape-wearing pig god who ordered wild boars to dig up solid rock, turning it into fertile land. This figure is sometimes seen carrying an egg which contains a dancing goddess, this deity's sister, and she was repeatedly foiled by a sea goddess while attempting to use a stick to dig a hole for her family to live in. A gourd holding the water of life was one of the possessions of this deity's eldest brother, a shark god who towed her canoe to her current home, and she was the daughter of Haumea and Kani-Milohai. Modern humans consider her golden hair and jet-black tears to be types of glassy ejecta. For 10 points, name this patron goddess of fire and volcanoes who is said to live in the caldera of Mt. Kilauea.
Output: Social Science
One section of this work states its authors view that humans are, by nature, the worlds most imitative creatures, citing mans fascination with the most realistic representations of painful objects, such as dead bodies. Signs and marks, as well as poor reasoning on the side of the other party, are discussed as means of recognition, in one section, while another section discusses the meaning of peripetia in the context of Theodectess Lynceus. This work also discusses that the perfect plot has its protagonist goes from happiness to misery only from hamartia, which allows the audience to experience catharsis. Discussing mimesis and separating the namesake form of writing into tragedy, comedy, and epic verse, this is, FTP, which treatise by Aristotle
Output: Literature
early passage in this work describes warehouses that have "faint redolences of bananas and coffee" and describes how "You can almost feel the warm breath of the brown river". One character claims that Poe would call the surroundings of this work's setting "the ghoul-haunted woodland of Weir" but is reminded that "those are the L&N tracks". Later, another passage describes the "animal joy" of a character who "bears [the] emblem of the gaudy seed-bearer"; that character later insists that he is "one hundred percent (*) American" and "not a Polack". The stage directions of this work often mention musical pieces like "Varsouviana" and "The Blue Piano", the latter of which is played "around the corner" from its setting in Elysian Fields. This play's central character moved to the Flamingo after losing the estate of Belle Reve and claims to be marrying Shep Huntleigh, but is eventually taken away to an asylum after claiming to always depend "on the kindness of strangers". For 10 points, identify this play in which Stella and Stanley Kowalski host Blanche DuBois, a work of Tennessee Williams.
Output: Literature
This scientist was close friends with a Genevan-born mathematician who developed a method of drilling holes in rubies; that man, Fatio de Duillier, was derisively nicknamed "the ape of [this man]." A surviving manuscript shows this man computing the area of a hyperbola to 55 decimal places. The Philosophical Transactions describes his discovery that white light is formed by a (*) spectrum of different colors. This scientist responded to allegations of plagiarism by Robert Hooke by claiming "If I have seen further it is by standing on the shoulders of giants." This scientist used the term "method of fluxions" to describe differential calculus, which he discovered independently of Leibniz. For 10 points, name this scientist who formulated three laws of motion.
Output: Science
Models for one form of this phenomenon suggest that asperity junctions are deformed in one regime, while all such junctions are broken in regimes where velocity becomes important. This phenomenon abnormally decreases as a function of velocity in the Stribeck effect, though the dynamics of the system change with the formation of a fluid film. Because it arises due to intermolecular forces, it is dependent to composition, though it is independent of the surface area of a body. Amontons' first law states that it is directly proportional to the mass of the object. The coefficient of the static form of this is generally larger than the kinetic form. For 10 points, identify this force that resists motion.
Output: Science
proteins bind one end of these structures and help inhibit a process called "catastrophe. " These structures can have persistence lengths of 3-4 mm, which is several orders of magnitude higher than the average cellular diameter. These structures can be severed by katanin. Drugs such as paclitaxel stabilize these structures and prevent their depolymerization, where colchicine prevents its dimeric subunits from coming together. Shortening of these structure at the kinetochore ends of the spindle apparatus helps chromosomes walk towards poles during mitosis and meiosis. For 10 points, identify these structures which are components of the cytoskeleton and which are made of tubulin proteins.
Output: Science
A section of this poem known as the ""Lay of the Last Survivor"" is sometimes considered to be its fourth funeral. One character in this poem leaves the lake in which she lives in order to get revenge on Heorot (HAIR-ut). She is killed by this poem's hero, who later kills a dragon with the help of Wiglaf and earlier comes to the aid of (*) Hrothgar, killing a monster which has been ravaging his court. For 10 points, name this Old English poem whose title character slays Grendel.
Output: Literature
This man managed to pass the Symplegades after he allowed a dove to fly through them, and, seeing it emerge alive on the other side, knew that he could pass through safely. This man's son Thessalus became king of Corinth after he defeated Acastus with the aid of Peleus, while his marriage to Creusa caused enmity between himself and his lover, who killed Creusa as well as her children by this man. That woman, Medea, had earlier helped this man achieve his most notable task in Colchis. For 10 points, name this leader of the Argonauts who acquired the Golden Fleece.
Output: Social Science
Pieces within this opera include the trio "Zitti, zitti" and the aria "Una voce poco fa." One character in this opera pretends to be the student Lindoro in order to deceive Dr. Bartolo. The title character of this opera repeatedly sings the phrase "della citta" in one aria. That title character aids Count Almaviva in wooing Rosina and sings the aria "Largo al Factotum." For 10 points, name this opera buffa about the servant Figaro, composed by Gioacchino Rossini.
Output: Fine Arts
In one book, this man argues that the fall of the Roman Empire led to the rise of townsfolk with privileges over country folk. He argued for mandated universal education up to age ten in a book which worried that the repetition of one continuous task would dull laborers' minds. This man used the "sympathy" of an "impartial spectator" as the basis for a 1759 work of (*) ethics that was inspired by his teacher Francis Hutcheson. This author of A Theory of Moral Sentiments discussed the "natural progress of opulence" in a huge book which noted the self-interest of brewers, butchers, and bakers in critiquing mercantilism. For 10 points, name this Scottish Enlightenment author who used the term "invisible hand" exactly once in The Wealth of Nations.
Output: Social Science
This man described the Buddhist mandala as the "path to the center" in his Memories, Dreams, Reflections, whose appendices include Seven Sermons to the Dead. He described the union of opposite sexes with the term "syzygy," and proposed non-causal connections called synchronicities. The Myers-Briggs test builds on his concepts of "introvert" and "extrovert. " He also theorized the male and female animus and anima. For 10 points, name this Swiss analytic psychologist, who claimed that universal images, or archetypes, form the collective unconscious.
Output: Social Science
In a 1998 article in the New England Journal of Medicine a team of doctors and historians declared his cause of death to be typhoid fever. They drew their conclusion not so much from his symptoms of fever, chest pain, and partial paralysis as recorded by Plutarch and Arrian, but mainly because of strange reports that his body did not decompose until several days after his death. For 10 points, who was this man whose body, under orders by his general Ptolemy, was then immersed in honey to prevent further decomposition during the trip to his final interment in Egypt in 323 BC
Output: History
This author wrote about espionage in a short story in which Moldweorp turns against Porpentine, who is subsequently killed. That short story, "Under the Rose,", appears with "The Secret Integration" and "Mortality and Mercy in Vienna" in his collection Slow Learner. Last decade, he published a novel in which Prairie searches for her mother Frenesi, who had left her husband Zoyd Wheeler, while another is narrated by Reverend Wicks Cherrycoke. Those works, Vineland and Mason & Dixon were published after his most famous, in which the sexual encounters of Tyrone Slothrop precede V-2 rocket hits. FTP, name this reclusive American author of V., The Crying of Lot 49, and Gravity's Rainbow.
Output: Literature
In quantum field theory, the partition function is equal to an integral of e to the power of quantity (an integral plus this quantity). In QED, the invariance of this quantity, along with the electric and magnetic fields, under gauge transformation is an easy way to derive charge conservation. In a scalar field theory, considering an extremum of this quantity leads to an equation identical to the Klein-Gordon equation. One version of this quantity is equal to a constant times the integral of the Ricci curvature tensor times the square root of the negative determinant of the metric tensor. Another version of this quantity is defined in terms of derivatives with respect to both the spacelike and timelike worldsheet (*) coordinates. For a classical orbit of a system in oscillating motion, this quantity is equal to the area enclosed by said orbit in phase space. Besides the Einstein-Hilbert, Nambu- Goto, and Polyakov versions of this quantity, this quantity times i over h-bar, all exponentiated, gives the probability amplitude of a given path in the Feynman formulation. Hamilton's principal function is equal to this quantity, which is stationary in the path followed by a physical system. For 10 points, name this quantity equal to the integral of the Lagrangian.
Output: Science
One composer from this country repeated the phrase "Tirilil Tove" in one of his choral Rose Garden Songs. Another composer from this country imitated a cork pop at the beginning of his "Champagne Galop." A composer from this country conducted the premiere of Felix Mendelssohn's Violin Concerto in E minor and wrote the overture Echoes of Ossian. The "Ephphatha Chorus" ends the opera Antikrist by a composer from this country who also wrote Music of the Spheres. A composer from this country instructed the snare drum to improvise as if to stop the orchestra's progress in his Symphony No. That composer of a noted wind quintet created a battle between sets of timpani in his Symphony No. , dubbed "Inextinguishable." For 10 points, name this home country of Niels Gade, Rued Langgaard, and Carl Nielsen.
Output: Fine Arts
A dispute over control of it led to a war which resulted in the Treaty of Ancon, which resulted in the transfer of the Antofagasta province. The Valley of the Moon is found within it, and it is also home to the Chiu-Chiu lagoon as well as the El Tatio Geysers. The Cordillera Domeyko rises in its eastern region, and separates it from its eponymous plateau. The Humboldt current is the cause of the aridity of its coastal region, and the mining of sodium nitrate here was once a large source of revenue for Chile. FTP, identify this large desert of South America.
Output: Social Science
This city saw police actions against a mostly African-American radical group led by John Africa, culminating in a gel bombing of their headquarters that burned over 60 nearby homes. Besides the bombing of the MOVE group, this city is home to the New Year's Day festival called the Mummer's Parade. Policeman Daniel Faulkner's killing in this city led to a murder conviction for ex-Black Panther Mumia Abu-Jamal. Ed Rendell was mayor of this city before becoming his state's governor, and Michael Nutter is current mayor. FTP what city is better known for early history, like hosting the first two Continental Congresses
Output: History
As the god Rig, he created the three races of mankind:  the serfs, the peasants, and the warriors. Similar to the god Tyr, his rides the mount Gulltop, and lives in the hall of Himinbjorg. Born of the nine daughters of Aegir, he is also known as Gullintani because of his "golden, shining teeth. "  He can hear the grass grow and can see a hundred miles around him, and he will sound his great Gjallarhorn to summon the gods to battle at Ragnarok. FTP, name this Norse god of light, the guardian of the rainbow bridge Bifrost.
Output: Social Science
In one of this author's novels, the protagonist is an eleven-year-old girl who is raped by her father, Cholly. This creator of Pecola Breedlove also wrote a work that details the family history of Milkman Dead the Third. In another novel by this author, Sethe (seth-ee) and Denver live at 124 Bluestone, a house that is haunted by the ghost of a two- year-old who was killed with a handsaw so that she would not have to live in slavery. This author wrote The Bluest Eye and Song of Solomon. For 10 points, name this female African-American author who wrote Beloved.
Output: Literature
This thinker divided philosophers into "tough-minded" and "tender-minded" categories. In one essay, this man analyzed an argument over whether a man chasing a squirrel around a tree is going around the squirrel. This thinker defined truth as "what is useful" in a book subtitled, "A New Name for Some Old Ways of Thinking." For 10 points, name this American philosopher, the author of Pragmatism and The Principles of Psychology.
Output: Social Science
This man wrote a novel in which the title character pretends to be president of Black Rapids Coal Company on the Fidele on April Fools' Day. In addition to The Confidence Man, this man wrote about a coworker of Ginger Nut who responds "I would prefer not to" to any request. The [*] Piazza Tales includes this man's story "Bartleby, the Scrivener." In one novella by this man, the titular sailor punches Claggart before getting hung by Captain Vere, and in one novel by this man, the crew of the Pequod, including Starbuck, Ishmael, and Captain Ahab, chase after a giant white whale. For 10 points, name this author of Billy Budd and Moby-Dick.
Output: Literature
His last sermon from an Oxford pulpit was "Development in Christian Doctrine. "  Before that, he had thrown himself into the tractarian movement in the Anglican church. While rector of Dublic Catholic, he published The Idea of a University. FTP, name this cleric who was provoked by Charles Kingsley into writing Apologia Pro Vita Sua.
Output: Social Science
He painted his dad sitting in a chair with his legs crossed in his Fauvist Portrait of the Artist's Father. He created a fake rip in the canvas near a pointing hand and a real bottle brush in Tu m', and his last major work was a peep show created in secret. He collaborated on the film Anemic Cinema with Man Ray, who photographed him in drag as Rrose Selavy, and he never quite finished a work also known as The Large Glass. In Advance of the Broken Arm and Bicycle Wheel are examples of a form he created that included one signed by R. Mutt. For 10 points, name this producer of ready-mades who caused a stir at the Armory Show with his Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2.
Output: Fine Arts
In fluids, this quantity can be considered equivalent to energy per volume. If Bernoulli's principle is expressed with all the terms in distance squared per time squared, this quantity is divided by density, and an increase in this quantity has the same type of impact as an increase in energy. Integrating this with respect to volume gives work, and a calculation of enthalpy involves multiplying this times volume and adding the result to internal energy. This is commonly defined as force per area, and it varies inversely with volume in the ideal gas law. Name this quantity that can be measured in pascals, bars, or atmospheres.
Output: Science
For unknown reasons his mastery of French at the age of 14 got him an appointment as interpreter and secretary to Francis Dana, U.S. envoy to Russia. His later travels were the subject of his Letters to Silesia, though he had already gained note as Publicola, a journalistic supporter of France over Britain. His work continued with the setting the groundwork for Rush-Bagot after he had headed negotiations at Ghent. Known as "Old Man Eloquent," he died in 1848 on the floor of Congress. FTP, name this man who served as a Representative after serving, from 1825 to 1829, as the sixth president of the United States.
Output: History
Margaret Atwood wrote a short story in which one character from this play talks back, and Richard Curtis wrote a skinhead version of this play. Heiner Muller wrote an eight-page postmodernist machine version of it, and it was also the basis of the Akira Kurosawa film The Bad Sleep Well. One sequel to this work was written by Lee Blessing form the perspective of a Norwegian ruler, and another play that takes place in the same fictional universe begins with one character winning ninety-two coin flips, Tom Stoppards Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead. FTP, name this tragedy that features the characters Osric, Polonius, and Laertes, centering on the prince of Denmark who notably asks to be or not to be
Output: Literature
An incident in this colony involved British army officers shooting pigeons belonging to some villagers, and then shooting the villagers. Apart from the Denshawai Incident, this colony was notable for the great strides in colonial bureaucracy made by the English Consul-General Lord Cromer, which Hannah Arendt cited as a forerunner to totalitarianism. One political group in this colony had a youth wing known as the blueshirts; that movement was the the Wafd Movement, which had a strained relationship with King Fuad. After gaining independence, this colony was the site of a joint attack by France, Britain, and Israel in 1956. For ten points, name this North African country home to the Suez Canal.
Output: Social Science
While governor, this man vetoed a bill to fix the maximum amount of alcohol content in beer at 2.75 percent. As president, he vetoed the Soldiers Bonus Act and refused to let the government buy surplus crops by twice vetoing the McNary-Haugen bill. His cabinet included Secretary of the Treasury Andrew Mellon, and he replaced Secretary of State Charles Evans Hughes with Frank Kellogg. He served as the Mayor of Northampton before gaining national attention by stating There is no right to strike against the public safety by anybody, anywhere, any time after he called the state guard to end a Boston police strike. FTP, name this successor of Warren G. Harding.
Output: History
This country's president Gustavo Rojas was ousted during a civil war sparked by the assassination of Jorge Eliecer Gaitan. A Marxist guerrilla group in this country is known as the National Liberation Army, or ELN. One citizen of this nation was murdered in 1994 after committing an own goal at the World Cup. This country's militant M-19 group may have been funded by (*) Pablo Escobar, the leader of its Medellin drug cartel. For 10 points, name this South American country at war with FARC, which is a leader in the production of coffee and cocaine.
Output: Social Science
He collaborated with Hans Toch to write a book on collective behavior, and he also investigated the difficulty of getting a seat on the subway and handed out folders to far-flung individuals in the lost letter experiment testing the "six degrees of separation" hypothesis. Earlier, he offered four dollars and fifty cents to participate in a trial of what he claimed was a new method of learning, in which one participant was an actor and all of the others administered at least three hundred volts. For 10 points, name this psychologist who designed the "obedience experiment. "
Output: Social Science
Characters in this novel often discuss politics at the Model Stationary Store, and one party is known for holding Sunday tea dances. This work open with a poem in which a character forsakes roses, diamond earrings, and verses of Teodoro in favor of the Emperor's black beard, and each of this novel's four sections is prefaced with a poem about one of the town's four heroines. Colonel Jesuino Mendonca murders his wife Sinhazinha and her lover, the dentist Osmundo Pimentel, while Professor Josue publicly recites a poem for his love for Gloria. One character in this novel is an engineer who is hired to remove a sandbar and who has an affair with Malvina, the daughter of Melk Tavares, while the politician Ramiro Bastos is opposed by the progressive Mundinho Falcao. The title character of this novel is from the backlands and eventually marries the Syrian owner of the Vesuvius Bar, whom she impresses with her cooking and love making skills. Set in the city of Ilheus, for 10 points, identify this novel about the title girl's relationship with Nacib Saad, a work by Jorge Amado.
Output: Literature
One character in this work owns a pipe made by Kapp and Peterson, which he calls a briar but another character calls a dudeen. Another character has a dance he calls the Net, which two characters name The Scapegoats Agony and The Hard Stool. One character notes that he feels AP-PALLED while examining his hat and talking to a character attempting to remove his boot. The labors of Fartov and Belcher are mentioned in a monologue by Lucky, whos instructed to think by Pozzo. For 10 points, identify this tragicomedy in two acts starring Vladimir and Estragon, a work of Samuel Beckett.
Output: Literature
The viewer of the title object of one of his poems feels a "sharp tender shock" after seeing two figures "side by side, their faces blurred;" that poem concludes "What will ($) survive of us is love." The speaker of another of his poems claims "Postmen like doctors go from house to house" after beginning "I work all day, and get (*) half-drunk at night." Because "Man hands on misery to man," one of this author's poems advises "Get out as early as you can / And don't have any kids yourself." For ten points, identify this British author of "Aubade" and "An Arundel Tomb," whose "This Be The Verse" contains the memorable line, "They fuck you up, your mum and dad."
Output: Literature
In this work, it is alleged that philosophy is not itself one of the natural sciences, but must serve only to elucidate the natural sciences. At one point in this work, it's author uses functions to prove that 1+1=2 in order to demonstrate the needlessness of the principia mathematica. It is later claimed by the author that the "I" can be nowhere found in sensory experience and is exactly as the eye is to the visual spectrum, nowhere to be derived from it. In its fourth section, its author invented the truth table and began work on defining a truth function through a generalized "nand. " Beginning with the line "The world is all that is the case" and ending with an exhortation to discard the work like a ladder once the heights have been climbed, this is, for 10 points, what book consisting of numbered statements named after a treatise by Spinoza, by Ludwig Wittgenstein
Output: Social Science
This states largest city endured an 1855 Rum Riot, put down with the help of 1880 Prohibitionist Candidate for President Neal S. Dow.One of this state's Native American tribes won back 300,000 acres of land from the state government in Passamaquoddy v. Morton.Its twentieth division, commanded by Joshua Chamberlain, defended the extreme left of the Union line on Little Round Top at Gettysburg. Home to the industrial site of Bath Iron Works, it briefly allowed for same-sex marriages under Governor John Baldacci. Until the 1960s, it held a gubernatorial election in September, and an unresolved border in this state prompted the Aroostook War. For 10 points, name this state, home to Continental Liar James G. Blaine, which broke off from its southern neighbor Massachusetts in 1820.
Output: History
This man, along with his cousin Timothy Folger, was the first to chart the Gulf Stream, which he gave its name. Along with John Hadley, this scientist conducted experiments in Cambridge that demonstrated the principle of evaporative (+) cooling. This scientist was the first to show the conservation of charge, and it is because of him that we use the terms ""positive"" and ""negative"" to describe charge. Georg Richmann was killed attempting to repeat an experiment in which this man attempted to show that vitreous and resinous (*) electricity were the same. For 10 points, name this inventor of the lightning rod and conductor of a kite experiment.
Output: History
The edge named for this phenomenon describes the feature of a spectograph caused by it, and its namesake suppression counteracts that edge. Dense galactic clusters perturb the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation through an inverse form of this, the Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect. Plank's constant divided by a particle's rest mass times the speed of light gives its namesake wavelength, and the derivative of its cross-section is given by the Klein-Nishina formula. For 10 points, name this effect which describes a decrease in the wavelength of a photon when it collides with an electron, an American physicist's namesake scattering.
Output: Science
This process is stopped by alpha-Amanitin, a toxin found in some mushrooms. In eukaryotes [yoo-KAIR-ee-ohts], this process can be blocked by chromatin compaction or histones, usually takes place near a TATA box, and occurs simultaneously as the creation of a five prime cap. In prokaryotes, it ends with the breaking of hydrogen bonds after the creation of a sugar-phosphate backbone. The reverse of this process can be carried out by some viruses, including HIV. Name this process carried out by RNA polymerase, which uses a DNA nucleotide sequence to create RNA.
Output: Literature
In one work, this thinker states that if the negro were stronger than the European, then Europe would have been divided by Africa. That work warns against the danger of humanitarianism and is called Les Systemes Socialistes. The instinct for combining and the persistence of aggregates are two of six residues that he hypothesized must be balanced by a ruling government in his Treatise on (*) General Sociology. This author of The Transformation of Democracy created a law for the logarithmic distribution of income and a namesake eighty-twenty principle. For 10 points, name this Italian economist whose namesake optimality occurs when no agent can be made better off without hurting another.
Output: Social Science
With the USSR, this man sent troops to the Republican side of the Yemeni Civil War. He joined his country with Syria in the United Arab Republic. He joined Muhammad Naguib to depose King Farouk with the Free Officers Movement. This African co-founder of the Non-Aligned Movement lost the (*) Six-Day War, built the Aswan High Dam, and nationalized the Suez Canal. For 10 points, name this man who preceded Anwar Sadat as President of Egypt during the 1960s.
Output: History
The main character of this novel is the captain of a ship belonging to Pierre Morrel. The jealous Danglars and Fernand Mondego, who craves the beautiful Mercedes, cause him to be brought before Villefort, a royal prosecutor, who consigns him to the Chateau DIf to safeguard his own career. However, Edmond Dantes escapes the prison and creates an alias using a treasure revealed to him by a fellow prisoner. FTP name this novel in which the namesake nobleman visits revenge upon those who unjustly imprisoned him, a work of Alexandre Dumas.
Output: Literature
Despite a black-body temperature of 60 degrees Kelvin, its atmosphere is active, exhibiting the fastest winds in the solar system. With a color arising from methane absorption, it is also notable for its extremely clumpy ring system discovered in 1989 and a satellite in a retrograde orbit. For 10 points, name this gas giant whose moons include Proteus, Nereid, and Triton.
Output: Science
Melamine resin is formed by dehydration of this compound, while barbiturates can also be formed by addition of this compound to malonic acid. Other uses of this compound include separation of racemic mixtures. Originally produced by a reaction between silver cyanate with ammonium chloride, it is now made in indusrial quantities by heating carbon dioxide with ammonia. When arginine is split, it forms an ornithine molecule and a molecule of this; the principal end product of mammalian nitrogen metabolism. First isolated by H.M. Rouelle, FTP, name the compound used to disprove the theory of vitalism when, in 1828 Friedrich Wohler, first synthesized it from inorganic materials.
Output: Science
Regarding one reform which he spearheaded, this ruler opined that "it is better if this takes place from above than from below." The Black Repartition and Land and Liberty societies both formed in opposition to this ruler, as did the narodniki among the middle class. This ruler's military put down the January Uprising in (*) Poland, and his war minister Dmitry Milyutin introduced conscription to the army. The Church of the Savior on Spilled Blood was built in honor of this ruler at the site of his death. This ruler ascended to the throne shortly after his country lost the Crimean War. Assassinated by the People's Will in 1881, for 10 points, name this Russian Tsar, the son of Nicholas I, who emancipated the serfs.
Output: History
Inscriptions on the islands of Ios and Andros indicate that this deity laid down laws for mankind, and governs Sothis. After learning demotic, this deity wrote down the laws, and ordained things that no one had the power to change. While traveling to the Marshlands, this figure was led in front by Petet, Thetet, and Matet. Sometimes depicted as a kite, a scorpion stung Gloria's son with seven-fold poison after a slight against this deity, and this figure also protecteed sailors. Using Re's own saliva, this immortal was able to hold power over him by forcing Re to reveal his true name. She journeyed to Byblos to recover her husband, and breathed life into him after an attack by Seth, who would give up the throne to her son Horus. For 10 points, identify this Egyptian goddess of magic, the wife of Osiris.
Output: Social Science
One character in this work tells the story of Gyges's discovery of a ring of invisibility and his seduction of the queen and murder of the king. Another character in this work is forced to go to the house of Cephalus in Piraeus, and later discusses levels of "bedness", claiming that as each bedness shares its form with the original bed, if they are associated with each other ad infinitum, it creates an infinite regress of form. That character also describes how a man who sees the fire and the sun would at first want to turn his head or go back, but that his duty is to go back and get the other prisoners and help them to escape in a section usually called, "the Allegory of the Cave". For 10 pointsname this Platonic dialogue, in which Socrates claims that the best type of government is one ruled absolutely by a philosopher-king.
Output: Fine Arts
Hayek Grossman criticized this work on the basis of Marx's analysis of enclosure laws in England, which somewhat contradict the thesis of this work. One section in this work discusses the scholarship of Richard Baxter, while a further section in this work discusses the impact that the wholesale abandonment of magic and the supernatural by society had on individual propensity to save money. One of this work's most notable concepts arises from the idea that care for worldly goods should rest "like a light cloak" on the shoulders of a saint; that concept would later be reworked by Robert King Merton into his namesake thesis and is described by this work as an iron cage of capitalism. The main thrust of this work states that the religious doctrines expressed by Calvinism led to an increase in monetary investment, leading to economic growth. For 10 points, name this work by Max Weber.
Output: Social Science
This friend of the Thrale family opposed war with Spain in his Thoughts on the Late Transactions Respecting Falkland's Islands, and his last major work was his Lives of English Poets. His friend David Garrick produced his tragedy Irene, and he recounted his travels in A Journey to the Western Islands of Scotland, a trip he undertook with his biographer, James Boswell. For 10 points, name this author of Rasselas, Prince of Abyssinia, whose most lasting work was compiled between 1745 and 1755 as A Dictionary of the English Language.
Output: Literature
His Productive Thinking was published posthumously in 1945. Earlier, he had earned his doctorate by inventing a lie detector for the objective study of testimony. His greatest discovery came due to the perceptions he experienced on a train trip in 1910, which led him to experiment with a stroboscope. The central tenet of his belief was Pragnanz, or "precision," in organization, a concept he formulated after his enunciation of the phi phenomenon. FTP, name this man who, with Koffka and Kohler, founded Gestalt psychology.
Output: Social Science
As a lawyer, he became famous for his defense of Azariah Flagg in a vote fraud case, and rich through his representation of railroad interests. As a governor, he smashed the "Canal Ring," just as he helped smash the "Tweed Ring" as Democratic state chairman. For 10 points, name this man, who became governor of New York in 1875, and would have become President in 1877 if it were not for that pesky Electoral College.
Output: History
Two pianos and six percussionists are featured in one section of its third part, which opens with a chorus of boys who sing that Cupid is flying everywhere. The following section of this work features three glockenspiels and is known as "Blanziflor and Helena. "  Earlier sections include "On the Lawn," which features the German "Reie" dance, and "In Springtime. "  Originally staged in 1937 by the Frankfurt Opera, it begins and ends with a section about the "Imperatrix Mundi. "  FTP, name this orchestral work notable for its blaring "O Fortuna" section, which was based on a medieval manuscript and written by Carl Orff.
Output: Fine Arts
One section of this work has the speaker proclaim, "I go so far as to think that you own the universe" and later state, "I want / to do with you what spring does with the cherry trees". The title creature of one poem in this collection "[buzzes] in my soul, drunk with honey", and elsewhere the speaker admits to being "Drunk with pines and long kisses". The concluding work in this collection sees the author repeat the image of being "deserted like the wharves at dawn" and proclaim, "How horrible and brief was my desire of you! " Another poem in it begins, "Tonight I can write the saddest lines". The first poem in this collection notes that the title object, "[looks] like a world, lying in surrender" and is titled "Body of a Woman". Ending with a work more somber than the others, for 10 points, name this collection of poetry by Pablo Neruda.
Output: Literature