niryuu/sni-each-converted huggingface dataset:
In this novel, the young Spanish girl Mariequita acts as a foil to the main character who herself has two young sons named Etienne and Raoul. Doctor Mandelet is one of the few characters in the novel that suspects the main character of committing affairs, while Mademoiselle Reisz knows definitively that the main character has had affair with Robert Lebrun. The main character, the wife of Leonce, is also romanced by Alcee Arobin, the most. promiscuous man of Grand Isle, which eventually leads her to drowning herself in the Gulf of Mexico. Edna Pontellier breaks from the social constraints of females in the South in, for 10 points, what 1899 novel, the most famous by author Kate Chopin
Output: Literature
majority opinion in this case notes that California's continual invocation of worthless remedies is "buttressed by the experience of other States. " The dissent alludes to "untoward practical ramifications" that would be had regarding the in forma pauperis cases that relied on the legal procedure invalidated by this case. The dissent also mentions that an inability to recognize the weight carried by stare decisis made it seem like the Court "reached out" to overturn (*) Wolf v. Colorado. This case saw Justice Clark note that "Nothing can destroy a government more quickly than its failure to observe its own laws. " The Boyd and Weeks decisions provided precedents for this case, which exemplified the "fruit of the poisonous tree" doctrine with regards to a trunk of pornographic materials. For 10 points, identify this case which ruled that the exclusionary rule made evidence taken by the Cleveland police inadmissible in court.
Output: History
The writings of Bridget of Sweden were the major source for this painting, which was commissioned by to illustrate the wings carved by Niclaus Hagnower. Now found in the Unterlinden museum in Colmar, France, it includes the Concert of Angels and the (*) Temptation of St. Anthony, the patron of the monastery where it was created. For 10 points name this Matthias Grnewald-painted altarpiece.
Output: Fine Arts
Bounds for the largest coclique of an undirected, simple, loopless graph on n vertices can be found due to the interlacing of these quantities. These quantities are lowest when the Rayleigh quotient is minimized. Bounds on these quantities can be obtained using the minimax theorem of Courant and Fisher. These quantities lie in the union of closed discs in the complex plane according to a theorem of Gersgorin. Schur showed that they majorize the diagonal elements of a Hermitian matrix. If A and B are m by n and n by m complex matrices, then AB and BA have the same nonzero value for this quantity, counting multiplicity, and, as a consequence, their traces are equal. These quantities are the zeros of the characteristic polynomial. For 10 points, identify these quantities that scale an eigenvector.
Output: Science
The elimination mechanism by which the dehydration of its major product occurs necessarily involves the abstraction of an acidic hydrogen and displacement of the leaving group. The catalyst in this reaction itself is regenerated from the deprotonation of water in its final step, which results in the conversion of its intermediate, an alkoxide. An aldehyde or ketone had originally undergone a nucleophilic-addition-type process to produce that alkoxide, which had converted it from a nucleophilic enolate using a hydroxide ion catalyst. Producing a final product known as a beta-hydroxyaldehyde, FTP, name this condensation reaction whose name combines that of its two final products.
Output: Science
It was the dominant phylum in the late Precambrian period. Creatures in it phylum have bodies consisting of an internal gastrovascular cavity, a soft, pliable middle body layer known as the mesoglea, and an external dermis. Its members often live in two phases, a sessile, asexual polyp and a free-moving, sexual medusa. FTP, name this phylum that includes hydra and jellyfish.
Output: Science
His first collection, "The Seashell Game", demonstrated his masterful use of the "loneliness ideal". He grew up as a companion of lord Todo Yoshitada at Ueno Castle, but has a name meaning banana-plant hut. After studying under Kitamura Kigin, he published works like A Visit to Kashima Shrine and The Records of a Weather Exposed Skeleton describing his many travels. FTP, identify this 17th century writer best known for mastering the haiku form.
Output: Literature
Near the end of this battle, Burnside crossed his namesake lower bridge to threaten to cut off retreat, but was repulsed by A.P. Hill's forces. During this battle, D.H. Hill defended a sunken road that became known as the ""Bloody Lane. "" General McClellan failed to seize the chance to pursue Lee, but Lincoln still counted it as the victory necessary to issue the Emancipation Proclamation. For 10 points, name this 1862 Civil War battle that was the bloodiest day of battle on American soil.
Output: History
In magnetic physics, this term is used to describe a magnet with frustrated interactions in which ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic states are distributed randomly. In addition to describing that kind of "glass," this word names a number that can be found for an arbitrary direction z by multiplying m-sub-s by the reduced Planck constant. This word also names a property whose interaction with orbital effects gives rise to fine structure splitting. This word names a quantized property of particles that was first discovered in the Stern-Gerlach experiment. For 10 points, identify this word that names the intrinsic angular momentum of particles, such as half-integer values for fermions.
Output: Science
The basin of this body of water is home to the Great Barsuki Desert to the northwest and the islands Barsa Kilmess and Nicholas I, while the city of Muynoq is located on its southern shore. One of the world's largest areas for anthrax deposits, Kantubek, is located on this body of water, and is a town on its Vozrozhdeniya Island. The subject of the Kokaral Dike public works project, it is bordered by the provinces of Aktobe, Kyzylorda, and Karakalpakstan. Located northwest of the Kyzyl Kum desert, it is fed by the Amu Darya and Syr Darya Rivers, and the Karakum Canal is thought to be a possible cause for this body of water's severe problems. For 10 points, name this body of water located between Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan, a central Asian lake which has undergone massive shrinkage.
Output: Social Science
This artist stated that young painters must learn to draw exactly from given models and emulate the "scrupulous exactness" of Raphael and Caracci, as well as attain "mechanical dexterity. " One of his works depicts the man who engraved The Miracles of the Manna in three-quarters pose, while another works shows a member of the Cherokee wearing a silver gorget. Besides those portraits of Francesco Bartolozzi and Scyacust Ukah. he satirized Holbein's portrait of Henry VIII by placing the same clothes on the diminutive (*) Mr. Crewe, while another painting depicts a pile of game next to Lord Sydney and Colonel Acland. Besides painting The Archers, this man is known for his Seven Discourses on Art. For 10 points, name this rival of Gainsborough, the first president of the Royal Academy of Arts.
Output: Fine Arts
Sejanus His Fall is one of two surviving tragedies by this author. John Littlewit and his wife Win-the-Fight Littlewit attend the title event of one of this author's plays. In another play, Mosca is the servant of the deceitful title character. The line ""Drink to me only with thine eyes"" is found in his poem ""To Celia. "" This author of Bartholomew Fair wrote a play in which Face and Subtle con people out of their money. For 10 points, name this British author of the plays Volpone and The Alchemist.
Output: Literature
This country is separated from its western neighbor by the Tornio River. After its city of Turku was devastated by a fire, the national university moved to this country's current capital, which was renovated by Carl Ludwig Engel. Its capital also contains Senate Square and the offshore fortress of (*) Suomenlinna. Lake Saimaa is located in this country, which controls the Aland Islands at the mouth of the Gulf of Bothnia. A nearby country's city of Tallinn lies across this country's namesake gulf from its capital, which is the northernmost in continental Europe. For ten points, identify this country with capital at Helsinki.
Output: Social Science
One character in this work meets a Moorish boy in Toledo, who sells him a manuscript written by Cide Hamete Benengel, and that character had earlier dedicated a work to the count of Benalcazar and Banares. In one scene of this work, Leonela discovers that Lothario and Camilla are having an affair after Camilla's husband Anselmo tells Lothario to seduce her and gives him four thousand crowns. Another character in this work writes the lines, "And now I die, and since there is no hope of happiness for me in life or death, still to my fantasy I'll fondly cling" after dying of a broken heart over the shepherdess Marcela. At the funeral of that character, Chrysostom, one character appears who had earlier been attacked by a lady's attendant and had his ear-wound healed by a shepherd, after having promised his squire the governorship of an island. For 10 pointsname this work, in which the the title character is in love with Dulcinea and has a squire named Sancho Panza, a novel by Miguel Cervantes.
Output: Fine Arts
William Priestly aided this man in his plans for the Resor house, and this architect also created what was then Canada's tallest building, the Toronto-Dominion Centre. His plans to build a home for a Chicago kidney specialist were preceded by the construction of a pavilion consisting of a raised terrace and eight cruciform columns for the Barcelona Exhibition. In addition to the Farnsworth House in Plano, he co-produced a skyscraper on Park Avenue for a distilling company and was the last director of the Bauhaus. For 10 points, name this German architect whose collaboration with Philip Johnson produced the Seagram building, known for the adage that "less is more. "
Output: Fine Arts
Like Erik Erikson, this psychologist saw childhood as divided into periods separated by crises, though this psychologist used age rather than ideas as a basis. That idea, found in his The Problem of Age, succeeded another which described consciousness as based on reflex. In a more well-known theory, this psychologist described how children merely think out loud, while adults utilize an extremely complex mental speech in his discussion of what he termed internal language. This psychologist also developed a model which assists the development of childhood skill by giving tasks that are within the zone of proximal development. For 10 points, name this author of Thought and Language, a Russian psychologist.
Output: Social Science
This character dreams about a mountain falling on him, and he then dreams about an earthquake   followed by lightning that burns everything. Before that, this character tells his mother about separate  dreams in which he falls in love with a meteor and an axe. In the Cedar Forest, this man is aided   by the sun god Shamash in killing the giant Humbaba, and he receives advice from one of the few  survivors of the Great Flood, Utnapishtim. This man slays the Bull of Heaven after rejecting Ishtar's  marriage proposal, and he mistakenly kills his friend Enkidu. Name this king of Uruk, the title  character of a Sumerian epic.
Output: Literature
After he rose to power, this man was abandoned by the tenentes, and his reign saw the rise of the "integralist" movement. This man called himself the "father of the poor. " He staged a coup against Washington Luis after which he established the short-lived constitution of 1934, and he was blamed for the assassination attempt on Carlos Lacerda, which prompted him to commit suicide in 1954. This man's first rule ended with a coup by Gaspar Dutra, and as a part of the "Cohen Plan" he established the Estado Novo. For 10 points, identify this president and long-time dictator of Brazil.
Output: History
One of sect of this school of thought emphasizes the shikantaza practice, and one important practice in this school of thought is kensho. Its branches include Obaku, while another of its branches was founded by Dogen. Texts important to this religion include the Blue Cliff Record and The Gateless Gate, and its origin can be traced back to the Flower Sermon. Its Soto and Rinzai sects differ on the emphasis over meditation on koans. For 10 points, name this branch of Mahayana Buddhism commonly practiced in Japan.
Output: Social Science
Many excerpts from this man's diaries were published as A Diary in the Strict Sense of the Term in 1967. He claimed that societal institutions fulfill basic human needs in A Scientific Theory of Culture. Two of his works deal with Sex and Repression and Crime and Custom in "savage society. " He wrote the foreward to his London School of Economics pupil Jomo Kenyatta's Facing Mount Kenya. Several of his works, such as Magic, Science, and Religion and Coral Gardens and Their Magic, stem from fieldwork in the Trobriand Islands. FTP, name this author of Argonauts of the Western Pacific, a Polish anthropologist.
Output: Social Science
This author tells of a politician J.J.J. who drives the title car in his story The Mercedes Funeral, while a barmaid with the Christian name Beatrice uses a skin-lightening cream called Ambi and steals from a lorry driver in Minutes of Glory  both stories are collected in Secret Lives. A play by this writer ends with Thoni committing suicide after being rejected by her would-be love Remi, an educated man who decides to return to his village from the city. That work is The Black Hermit, while another work revolves around preparations for celebration of Uhuru and the betrayal of Kihika after he shoots the District Officer Tom Robson. The author of the influential piece Decolonizing the Mind, his recent satire Wizard of the Crow comes after a hiatus when he wrote mainly in Gikuyu. FTP, name this author of A Grain of Wheat and Petals of Blood.
Output: Literature
A compound containing a heteroatom of this element reacts with DFP in a one-step synthesis of sarin gas. Reagents containing this element that can oxidize primary alcohols to aldehydes include DMP and IBX, which reacts through a "hypervalent twisting" mechanism. In two similar reactions employing silver salts, a cyclic cation of this element is opened by nucleophilic attack to synthesize vicinal diols. Under basic conditions, a yellow solid containing three atoms of this element will precipitate after three successive (*) enolizations, giving a positive result in a test for methyl ketones. The Prevost and Woodward hydroxylations employ the diatomic form of this element, which is a common indicator for starch. This element's radical substitution is too endothermic to halogenate alkanes. For 10 points, name this sublimation-prone element found on the periodic table below bromine.
Output: Science
This German author argued that man had outgrown need for the Bible in the 1788 deist manifesto The Education of The Human Race. The author of such comedies as The Misogynist and Minna von Barnhelm, his most famous play, set during the reign of Saladin, includes the famous "parable of the three rings," a declaration of religious tolerance as explained by a wealthy Jewish merchant. FTP, name the German author of the critical work Laokoon and the play Nathan the Wise.
Output: Literature
He expressed his scientific instrumentalism with a tract on mechanics in De Motu. He defended Christianity against the anti-Anglican "free-thinkers" in Alciphron, and he later extolled the virtues of tar water before moving on to contemplate God in Siris. In his first major work, he explored ideas such as minimum visibles and tangibles as they related to perception. After A New Essay Towards a Theory of Vision, his next two works laid out his views against abstraction, particularly that of Locke, and against materialism, holding that "to be is to be perceived. " Author of Three Dialogues Between Hylas and Philonus and A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge, FTP name this Irish bishop and philosopher whose writings inspired the naming of the hometown of the University of California's flagship campus.
Output: Social Science
As the daughter of the king of Vidarbha, this figure's marriage was opposed by her brother who had been a friend of Kamsa, although that did not prevent her from becoming queen of Dwarka. In that form she was the mother of Pradyumna and was known as Rukmini. In the story of her birth as Kamala or Padma, she is generally depicted rising from the water on a certain plant. She is said to be one of the fourteen precious things to come from the churning of the milk ocean. In another form she was born from a furrow in a plowed field and was faithful to her husband while imprisoned on Lanka, even though she is often called the "fickle goddess." In that form, she was Sita, the wife of Ramachandra. For 10 points, name this golden-skinned Hindu goddess, the epitome of female beauty, best known as the consort of Vishnu and the goddess of good fortune.
Output: Social Science
This state was home to Lonnie Smith, a black man who successfully sued for the ability to vote in the Democratic primary. Another Supreme Court case held that this state's anti-sodomy law was invalid and overturned Bowers v. Hardwick. In addition to the Lawrence case, this state was also home to the 1984 Republican National Convention at which Gregory Lee Johnson burned an American flag. For 10 points, Henry Wade, sued by ""Jane Roe"" over this state's anti-abortion law, was the Dallas County District Attorney in what state
Output: History
One character in this novel is a talented pianist named Mademoiselle Reisz, a solitary woman who is contrasted with the character of Adele. Alcee Arobin courts this novel's protagonist after her other love interest moves to Mexico. That love interest, Robert Lebrun, is contrasted with the stern Leonce, the husband of this novel's protagonist. Ultimately, this novel's protagonist drowns herself in the Gulf of Mexico. For 10 points, name this novel about Edna Pontellier, written by Kate Chopin.
Output: Literature
This artist penned the influential text An Analysis of Beauty, which includes his argument for the perfect ogee-curve. One of his self-portraits includes his dog Trump, and his other works include Good Samaritan and The Fool of Bethesda. In his time, he was a sought-after portrait painter, producing notable portraits of Capt. Thomas Coram and David Garrick. He created sets which included characters such as Moll Hackabout and Dr. Misaubin, and some of his most famous pieces are Beer Street  and Gin Lane. FTP, name this British artist best known for the series A Harlot's Progress and A Rake's Progress
Output: Fine Arts
This man painted several children surrounding a man in white playing a guitar in his work Gilles and His Family. This painter depicted several couples together outside under a statue of a Venus and Cupid in his work The Festival of Love, while he contrasted two styles in his paintings The French Comedy and The Italian Comedy. This painter of Two Cousins also depicted a man in a colorful suit holding his hands near his head while burying his head in the chest of a delighted woman in a large yellow dress in his painting Do You Want to Have Success With Women This artist notably depicted a group of people on a hill overlooking a river, some traveling toward and some traveling away from the viewer. For ten points, identify this painter of Embarkation for Cythera, a French Rococo painter.
Output: Fine Arts
The last section of this work talks about the monistic and pluralistic ways of reading Whitmans poem To You, and earlier its author asserts that there are two types of people: tender-minded and tough-minded. The second section of this work discusses a man chasing a squirrel around a tree and posits the question Does the Man go round the squirrel or not Subtitled A New Name for Some Old Ways of Thinking this work was published after its authors previous works (*) Varieties of Religious Experience and Principles of Psychology. FTP, identify this work, which names the philosophical movement led by C. S. Peirce and John Dewey, written by William James.
Output: Social Science
A quote from this play about committing fornication that ends "the wench is dead" is used as the epigraph for T.S. Eliot's "The Portrait of a Lady. "  "Laws were then most sure/When, like the Draco's, they were writ in blood," claims a character in this work, whose name is fittingly Machiavel. The title character sends a slave named Ithamore to kill all of the nuns in a nunnery, including his daughter Abagail, but eventually dies when he falls into his own boiling cauldron. For 10 points, name this work that may have inspired The Merchant of Venice, a play about the life of a Semite named Barabas by Christopher Marlowe.
Output: Literature
Herbert M. Hoxie was the only bidder for work this entity was incorporated to undertake and hence in name received the contract. Moxie turned the contract over to Thomas Durant, who ensured that the company's liability to investors would extend only as far as their investment, not their personal wealth, a first in US history. The company paid itself to provide construction materials, starting work by adding a useless nine-mile oxbow to its first track section to increase profits. The scandal was uncovered in letters sent to Henry McComb by the man who ousted Durant from the company's board, letters implicating Henry Wilson and Schuyler Colfax. FTP what was this finance and construction company created to supply the Union and Central Pacific Railroads, most famously led by congressman Oakes Ames
Output: History
This man argued that the state of being sick must follow four sets of social rules in The Social System. He theorized that a society must progress through adaptation, goal attainment, integration, and latency in order to survive in its environment in Economy and Society and further developed the AGIL paradigm in The American University. He supported the cause to unite all social sciences with one overarching theoretical framework, grand theory, and crafted a social theory that states that society consists of smaller parts that each play their own role. For 10 points, identify this sociologist, author of The Structure of Social Action, best known for founding structural functionalism. [thats right, the entire question is in power]
Output: Social Science
An early footnote in this book explains the novel use of the term "central tradition. " Originally titled "Why the Poor are Poor," it sets out to prove that scarcity is no longer an appropriate organizing principle. Most of its chapter headings indicate a concept attacked within, such as "The Tradition of Despair," "The Marxian Pall," and "The Concept of the Conventional Wisdom. " Criticizing the emphasis on full employment, it calls for a shift in spending to public works programs and away from consumer goods. FTP, name this 1958 book questioning American resource allocation, by John Kenneth Galbraith.
Output: Social Science
In the Peng-Robinson equation, the departure function for this quantity is equal to R times critical temperature times a function of the compressibility factor. The change in this quantity is divided by negative 2kt in the exponential of the expression giving the density of Schottky defects in a crystal. Both this quantity and the mass flow rate are held constant along a Fanno line. When a gas is forced through an insulated, porus plug, this quantity is held constant. For an ideal solution, the (*) change in this quantity upon solvation is zero. This quantity, which is held constant during a Joule-Thomson process, is equal to the internal energy plus pressure times volume. The fact that this quantity is a state function leads to Hess' Law. The change in this quantity determines whether a reaction is endo or exothermic. For 10 points, name this quantity symbolized H.
Output: Science
Iannis Xenakis used eight so-called "sound complexes" in a solo work for this instrument called Nomos Alpha. Six beats on the body of these instruments begin the main theme in Arvo Part's orchestration of Fratres for twelve of them. An ensemble consisting entirely of these instruments was founded in the 1970s by twelve members of the Berlin Philharmonic. The first of Villa-Lobos's Bachianas Brasileiras was composed for (*) eight of these instruments, while Jacqueline du Pre popularized Edward Elgar's concerto for it. J.S. Bach's six unaccompanied suites for this instrument were famously recorded by both Mstislav Rostropovich and Pablo Casals. For 10 points, name this instrument played by Yo-Yo Ma which joins two violins and a viola in a string quartet.
Output: Fine Arts
This work borrows from the Gnostic concept of Aeons when it equates concentric heavenly spheres with angels, and it also states that using anthropomorphic language to describe God is heretical, leading to a notion of negative theology. This work also assigns 13 levels of prophecy, with Moses at the top. Its final section talks about the teaching of the mystical passage of Ezekiel's chariot, and explains away the problem of evil by stating most evils are created by men themselves. Written as a three-volume letter, this work also divides the 613 mitzvot into 14 sections, similar to the author's treatise on the Mishneh. Written in Arabic and translated into Hebrew by Ibn Tibbon, for 10 points, name this work of medieval philosophy, a tract on Jewish law by Maimonides.
Output: Social Science
In one work by this author, a line of horsemen in the far distance ride along a ground formed from layers of various colors. This artist of Red Cavalry Riding depicted a man holding an ace of clubs who is partially obscured by a white fish in his The Aviator. This man showed the title figures foot simultaneously depressing a pedal to three separate depths in his The Knife Grinder, exemplary of the period during which he exhibited with the group Jack of Diamonds. This author of The Nonobjective World collaborated with Vladimir Mayakovsky on the manifesto for a group that emphasized the importance of feeling in art and thus concentrated on simple geometric shapes. For 10 points, name this painter of Black Square and the White on White series, the Russian founder of Suprematism.
Output: Fine Arts
In this play's first scene, one character notes that a woman is watering "once a day her chamber round / With eye-offending brine" to "season a brother's dead love. "  Later, Fabian is excited about the chance to get revenge on a "rascally sheep-biter" who had caused him trouble over a bear-baiting. In the final act, one character notes that the "whirligig of time brings in his revenges" before someone who has been falsely imprisoned promises to be "revenged on the whole pack of you," and the play ends with a song whose refrain is "For the rain it raineth every day. "  The opening line "If music be the food of love, play on," is spoken by the Duke of Illyria, Orsino. FTP, name this play featuring Sebastian and Viola.
Output: Literature
These compounds can be formed in the McFadyen-Stevens reaction from the decomposition of acyl-sulfonyl-hydrazides, while asymmetric ones are formed in the Meyers synthesis from the hydrolysis of an oxazine. Reactions in which their defining functional group is introduced, such as the Sommelet reaction that uses water and hexamine, are known as formylation reactions. They can also be formed in the Rosemund reduction of an acid chloride or through oxidation of a primary alcohol. For 10 points, name these compounds detected via the formation of a silver mirror in the Tollens test, defined by the presence of a terminal carbonyl group.
Output: Science
The Corey-Bakshi-Shibata catalyst contains a toluene molecule bound to one of these atoms, and the reducing agent L-selectride contains lithium and this element. Acids of this element react with alkyl halides in the Suzuki coupling, and complexes of this element adopt closo, nido, and arachno configurations according to Wade's rules. 9-BBN contains this element, and another reaction that uses it was developed by Herbert Brown and is a counterpart to oxymercuration that violates Markovnikov's rule. FTP, name this electron deficient element whose sodium hydride is a common reducing agent, with atomic number 5 and symbol B.
Output: Science
This artist executed the Blue series for the Centre Pompidou and Personages and Birds for the Wichita State Art Museum, while a stuffed parrot sits on top of his sculpture simply called Object. A Jan Steen painting influenced the second entry in his Dutch Interiors series, and he created the ceramic murals Wall of the Sun and Wall of the Moon for the UNESCO building. A blackberry jam stain became his Birth of the World, and another work features the multi-colored title animal below the multi-colored title celestial object. For 10 points, name this artist of Dog Barking at the Moon and Harlequin's Carnival, a Catalan surrealist.
Output: Fine Arts
He staged a sea battle on the Fucine Lake with the silver Triton rising from the center to start the fight, added a Procurator of the Tiber Bank to the senatorial commission charged with preventing flooding, and completed the Anio Novus by bringing it over the Praenestine Gate. He gave clemency to Caractacus, who lived out the rest of his life in Rome after being part of the victory that gave his son his name. That son was with (*) Messalina, but was murdered after this man's successor and son-in-law by marriage, Nero, took the throne. For 10 points, name this emperor who oversaw the conquest of Britain and was likely poisoned by his niece and wife, Agrippina.
Output: History
The turning point in this battle came with Hasbrouck's defense of St. Vith and McAuliffe's holding of the vital communications center at Bastogne. It began when German forces broke through a portion of the Allied line with a surprise attack on the "Ghost Front", and was intended to take Antwerp. Despite bad weather that kept Allied air forces grounded early in the fighting, the German forces were soon repulsed. Also known as the * Ardennes Campaign, FTP, what was this last major German offensive of WWII
Output: History
In the 1950's he spent several years working with etchings and lithographs and followed up by creating ceramic murals of which the most famous were the Wall of the Moon and the Wall of the Sun for the UNESCO building in Paris. The sea change in his career took place in 1920 when he moved to Paris, met Picasso, and left his native folk art behind to create such distorted works as Chiffres et Constellations, Dutch Interior, The Tilled Field and Personage Throwing a Stone at a Bird. Perhaps best known for Harlequin's Carnival, Head and Bird and Catalan Landscape, FTP, name this Spanish surrealist.
Output: Fine Arts
One opera which this man composed and wrote the libretto for now exists only in rival orchestrations by Gunther Schuller , T. J. Anderson, and William Bolcom. That opera by this composer concludes with the dance "A Real Slow Drag," after Remus rescues the title character from the "conjur men. " That character is the adopted daughter of Ned who is named for the place where she was found near a plantation in Arkansas. He also composed an opera about a 1902 dinner at the White House, A Guest of Honor, which, like his final dramatic work, If, is now lost. His first credited compositions were "Please Say You Will" and "A Picture of Her Face," which he followed with the "The Strenuous Life," "The Easy Winners," "The Chrysanthemum, and the previously described opera Treemonisha. FTP, name this composer of "The Cascades," "The Entertainer," and "Maple Leaf Rag," who was the pre-eminent ragtime piano writer.
Output: Fine Arts
His first novel was burned at the Leoncio Prado Military School, which served as its setting. His essays include criticisms of Flaubert, Sartre, and Camus and the 1971 work Garcia Marquez: Story of a God-Killer. The jungle of his native country is the setting of his novel The Green House, and an accidentally castrated adolescent is portrayed in his short story "The Cubs. "  Other novels by this author include Captain Pantoja and the Special Service and Conversation in the Cathedral. FTP, identify this author of The Time of the Hero and Aunt Julia and the Scriptwriter, who ran unsuccessfully for the presidency of Peru.
Output: Literature
Gower and Portland are embryonic types of this molecule and the Bart form results in its namesake H disease, which is a type of thalassemia. The change between its tense and relaxed structure results from a 15 degree rotation between its two alpha-beta dimers. Its ability to neutralize hydrogen ions is described by the Haldane effect, while the impact of pH on it is described by the Bohr effect. Impacted by 2,3-DPG, a variant of this protein has a valine substituted for a glutamic acid. For 10 points, name this iron-containing component of red blood cells that carry oxygen.
Output: Science
For works like 1905's Knowledge and Misunderstanding, this thinker became one of the founders of a realistic philosophy known as Empiriokritizismus. His main works, translated as The Analysis of Sensations and The Science of Mechanics, have led many to call him the father of logical positivism, and he greatly influenced Einstein with his principle stating that a body can have no inertia in a universe devoid of other mass. FTP, who was this Austrian philosopher for whom the ratio of an object's speed to the speed of sound is named
Output: Social Science
This city was the base for a project that sent photographers across its country to capture its landmarks; that project was called the Heliographic Mission. A man with a striped hat sulks and looks away from a woman smoking in a photograph set in a bar in this city, Brassai's Lovers' Quarrel. Berenice Abbott championed a man who documented this city; his photographs of it include one of a display of corsets in a store window and another showing a crowd looking up at an eclipse. One picture set in this city shows a man in mid-stride about to hit the wet ground which reflects his image, an example of its photographer's (*) "decisive moments." Charles Marville and Eugene Atget extensively photographed this city before and after Baron Haussman's modernization of it. For 10 points, name this city, the setting of an Henri Cartier-Bresson landscape that includes the Eiffel Tower.
Output: Fine Arts
"The Immediate Erotic Stages or the Musical Erotic," "The Validity of Marriage," "Diapsalmata," "Crop Rotation," and "Shadowgraphs," are included in this study whose first volume identifies its title term as the "aesthetic" phase of existence, while the second volume and corresponding title word refers to the "ethical" phase of existence. These antagonistic phases are in turn superseded by the final or "religious" mode, based on man's decision to enter into a personal relation with God. FTP, identify this 1843 masterpiece best known for the section, "The Seducer's Diary," the first major work of Soren Kierkegaard
Output: Social Science
This poet instructed readers to ""approach thy grave"" like one who ""lies down to pleasant dreams"" in a poem that admonishes ""go not like the quarry slave at night. "" Another poem by this author describes a bird that pursues its ""solitary way. "" This longtime editor of the New York Evening Post wrote a poem titled after the Greek for ""meditation on death. "" For 10 points, name this early American poet who wrote ""To a Waterfowl"" and ""Thanatopsis. ""
Output: Literature
Early on in his career, this man devised a plan to march peasants to free Frederick William IV. He joined the von Gerlach brothers and began publishing conservative views through their newspaper. Rudolph von Delbruck, a minister appointed by him later, resigned when he shifted his policies, as did the minister of worship Falk. However, his lasting impact in domestic policy was through the enactment of Kulturkampf, where he banned Jesuits from the nation. The Franco-Prussian war was triggered by the edited version of Ems telegram, for 10 points, generated by what first chancellor of unified Germany
Output: History
A depiction of this scene by William-Adolphe Bouguereau (boo-ger-OH) shows two men blowing conch shells. A better known depiction of this scene features flowers floating through the air while a man produces wind from his mouth. That depiction also features a woman handing a (*) pink cloak to the main figure, who stands nude on a conch shell. Sandro Botticelli painted a well known version of, for 10 points, what mythological scene which shows the conception of a certain Roman goddess
Output: Fine Arts
One of this man's works says that the speaker will "luve thee still, my dear, / While the sands o' life shall run," and another work opens questioning "Is there for honest Poverty. " The speaker of one of his poems stops to observe Alloway Kirk bathed in light, where he watches several witches performing an erotic dance in front of the church, and exclaims "Weel done, Cutty Sark!," Tam O' Shanter. One of his poems is dedicated to an "ugly, creepin, blastit wonner," while another talks about "The best-laid schemes o' mice an' men" that often go awry. Another of this man's poems begins "Should auld acquaintance be forgot / and never brought to mind. " FTP, name this poet of To a Louse, To a Mouse, and Auld Lang Syne.
Output: Literature
The reversible derivatization of these compounds and separation of their functionalized intermediates is the Bingel-retro strategy. Their crystals can undergo exohedral (*) alkali-metal doping and when they enclose metal atoms they are endohedral. They can form from laser vaporization of graphite rods and often consist of pentagons and hexagons forming cages and planar sheets such as graphene. For 10 points, name this family of carbon allotropes that include nanotubes and buckyballs.
Output: Science
moving to Akka, Bah'u'llh lived in exile in this city for five years. After winning at Versinikia, the Bulgarian emperor Krum began a siege of this city in 813. After a 1365 victory at this city, Murad I moved his capital from Bursa to it. Another battle here inspired Filippo Marinetti's poem "Zang Tumb Tumb" and was a major victory for Nikola Ivano, who sacked this city after several night attacks when it was named Edirne. A 1205 battle at this location saw Kaloyan, aided by the Cumans, destroy a Crusader army under Louis of Blois and Emperor Baldwin. Another battle at this location saw the cavalry of Fritigern arrive in time to blunt an attack on a wagon circle. For 10 points, identify this location where the army of Valens was destroyed by the invading Goths in 378 AD.
Output: History
One character in this story has a "cow to pluck" with the protagonist over his semi-anonymous newspaper column, and the protagonist begs out of a trip to his wife's homeland because of a cycling trip to France, Belgium, or Germany. Miss Ivors calls the protagonist a "West Briton" during a dance, and he questions whether he should quote Shakespeare instead of Robert Browning. This story is set during the Misses Morkan's annual dance, where aunts Kate and Julia host a Christmas party and the protagonist gives a dinner speech. FTP, name this story in which the faintly falling snow calls up memories of Gretta's first love Michael Furey, a work featuring Gabriel Conroy that is the last story in James Joyce's Dubliners.
Output: Literature
One of this author's works tells his child that is "cradled by my side" that he "shalt wander like a breeze" and that "all seasons shall be sweet to thee." Another of his works exclaims "Joy, Lady! is the spirit and the power" after he is unable to "see, not feel how beautiful they are." This author of "Frost at Midnight" and "Dejection: An Ode" wrote a more famous work which mentions (*) "Alph, the sacred river" flowing "Through caverns measureless to man." That work begins with an order for "A Stately Pleasure-Dome", while another work by this poet cries "Water, water, everywhere, Nor any drop to drink," after the speaker kills an albatross. For ten points, name this English poet of "Kubla Khan" and "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner."
Output: Literature
At the center of active galactic nuclei, such as Quasars, the supermassive type of this phenomenon may occur. The primordial variety, as proposed by Stephen Hawking, is also known as the mini- type and may emit some radiation, now named for that scientist, out of the event horizon. FTP, name these astronomical entities whose color refers to gravitys ability to suppress all forms of radiation within one.
Output: Science
One person who was a part of this agreement had earlier been excommunicated by Innocent III. That excommunication given seven years before this agreement was prompted by the appointment of Stephen Langton to the Archbishopric of Canterbury. Langton led one group in getting this document figured out. That group that pushed for the creation of this document was made up of English barons. For 10 points, name this document that made explicit certain liberties held by the English people, and which was signed by John in Runnymede in 1215.
Output: History
This man wrote a story in which one character becomes a loan shark in hope of gaining Captain Kidd's treasure from a swamp, and in one of his stories two characters vie for the hand of Katrina Van Tassel. Many of this man's stories are collected in The Sketchbook of Geoffrey Crayon, and he wrote one story about a man who plays nine-pins with ghosts in the Catskills before falling asleep for twenty years. The author of a story in which Brom Bones impersonates a dead Hessian to scare schoolmaster Ichabod Crane, for 10 points, name this author of "Rip van Winkle" who wrote about the "headless horseman" in "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow."
Output: Literature
Power lost due to a variation in this quantity is proportional to its peak value squared times frequency squared, all over resistivity, density, and a constant that is 1 for sheets and 2 for wires. This quantity causes a combination of circular motion and guiding center drift, and can be measured at low values via a device with parallel Josephson junctions, known as SQUIDs. Type I and II superconductors differ in the number of critical values for this quantity, which is crossed with the velocity in the Lorentz force and is given by a line integral in the Biot-Savart Law. This quantity, which has zero divergence and is the curl of the vector potential, is expelled from superconductors in the Meissner effect. For 10 points, name this quantity measured in teslas, whose lines run from north to south poles.
Output: Science
In this opera, "Tu che di gel sei cinta" and "Signore, ascolta! " are two arias sung by one female character; the male lead responds to the latter by urging "Non piangere. " The other female lead's major aria, which recalls the abduction of her ancestress, is called "In questa reggia. " The emperor Altoum tries to dissuade the male protagonist from trying to answer three riddles, as does the slave girl Liu, but Calaf is determined to win the hand of the title character, later singing the famous "Nessun dorma" in triumph. FTP, identify this Puccini opera named after a Chinese princess.
Output: Fine Arts
Motivated by an account of a family dying when the seal on their refrigerator ruptured, this man and Leo Szilard patented a refrigerator that cooled using only heat as input. A model of the universe that is isotropic and homogeneous with zero curvature and zero cosmological constant is named for him and (*) de Sitter, while the rule that a repeated index in an expression is meant to be summed over every possible value of that index is known as his summation convention. Winning the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics for his "discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect," for 10 points, name this physicist also known for his development of the theories of general and special relativity.
Output: Science
Initially the experimenters had assumed that the atoms were in an l = 1 state with their results lending support to the Bohr-Oppenheimer theory; however it was later determined that the atoms were in an l = 0 state, making the results at odds with both the Born-Oppenheimer theory and quantum mechanics. The accepted explanation of the results was first proposed by the graduate students Goudsmit and Uhlenbeck, though relativistic correctness would have to wait for Dirac. Classically, the expected result was a broad beam with a central peak, because an atoms magnetic moment may be oriented arbitrarily. Though it has been repeated many times with different beams, the original used a beam of silver atoms that passed between magnetic plates, which resulted in the beam splitting into 2 components. For ten points, name this experiment that demonstrated the existence and quantization of intrinsic angular momentum in the electron.
Output: Science
He meets Peter Wheatstraw in the street on his way to an interview with Mr. Edmunds, and after receiving a job offer from Edmundss gay son, he has an altercation with Lucius Brockway. Later, he attends a party at the Chthonian apartment building, where he is made fun of by a drunk brother and told he is not black enough by Emma. After a stay at Mens House, he moves to Marys boardinghouse before taking a job as a public speaker. He sees the death of Tod (*) Clifton on 125th Street and reports this to Brother Jack and the rest of the Brotherhood and impersonates Rinehart, before finally reaching the conclusion to live unfettered around him and, as he mentions in the prologue, that others are incapable of seeing him. FTP, name this title character of the most famous work of Ralph Ellison.
Output: Literature
After it, the goals of Operation Mo were attempted through the Kokoda Track campaign and the Battle of Milne Bay. Just prior to it, one side, eying potential bases on Gavutu and Tanambogo, invaded and occupied Tulagi, which would be the first target attacked. Early victims among Admiral Fletchers forces included the oil tanker USS Neosho and its destroyer escort, the USS Sims, while Admiral Takagi lost the mini carrier Shoho. Severe damage was done to the larger carrier Shokaku, and the USS Lexington exploded. Still, Port Moorsby was saved from invasion, even though neither naval force saw the other. For ten points, name this first aircraft carrier battle of World War Two, named for the body of water in which it was fought.
Output: History
When this man stopped at a well at Midian, he so impressed Hobab by his defense of a group of seven shepherdesses that he received Hobab's daughter Zipporah in marriage. This man's grandfather was Levi, and his parents were Amram and Jochebed. As a baby, he was placed in a basket of reeds and sent to the care of an (*) Egyptian woman because it had been decreed that all Hebrew male children were to be drowned in the Nile River, as related in the book of exodus. For 10 points, name this Biblical figure who parted the Red Sea.
Output: Social Science
His early canvases Women in the Garden and La Promenade set the stage for his career. He said of his second mentor, Jongkind, "I owed him the definite education of my eye," but it was his first teacher, Eugene Boudin, who converted him to painting the outdoors. His The Picnic mocked Manet's Luncheon on the Grass, but this was before his mature work, which was executed at the home he built at Giverny. FTP, name this artist famed for his paintings of Rouen Cathedral, his groups of Haystacks, and his series of Water Lilies.
Output: Fine Arts
locations in this citys downtown include Plaza de Mayo and the office of its country president is called the Casa Rosada. Its residents are sometimes called porteos [por-te-nyos]. For 15 points, identify this Argentine city which lies on the south shore of the Rio de la Plata.
Output: History
This artist was photographed in drag by Man Ray, under the name Rrose Selavy. He created a ""shaved"" version of one of his artworks, which consisted of a mass-market reproduction of the Mona Lisa on which he drew a mustache, titled L.H.O.O.Q.. Another of his paintings, exhibited at the 1913 Armory Show, was famously derided an ""explosion in a single factory"". For 10 points, name this painter of Nude Descending A Staircase, No. 2 who was active in the Dada movement and also created ""readymades"" such as the signed urinal Fountain.
Output: Literature