niryuu/sni-each-converted huggingface dataset:
One of his exploits was the slaying of Vala for stealing his cattle. In the Ramayana a story relates how he was defeated by Meghnad, the son of Ravana and taken captive to the latter's palace before he was ransomed by Brahma. The son of Dyaus Pita and Prthivi, among his possessions are the thunderbolt Vajra and the elephant steed Airavata. In his most famous exploit he brought water back to the earth by slaying the dragon demon Vritra. FTP identify this Hindu God, the head of the Vedic pantheon.
Output: Social Science
Carstensz Pyramid is the highest point on this island and it was named for Dutch explorer ridiculed for claiming to have seen snow on this island. The Fly River system on this island was majorly affected by the Ok Tedi mine's tailings and the Sepik River originates in the Victor Emmanuel Range before flowing into the Bismarck Sea. The Owen Stanley Mountains block off access to the only national capital on this island and Jayapura is the largest city within another province on this island. Daru is located on the northern side of the  Torres Strait which separates this island from the Cape York Peninsula to the south. For 10 points, identify this island nation where over 800 different languages are spoken.
Output: Social Science
It established a court system, its namesake chamber, one of the most famous instances of which was located at Castres. The renunciation of this agreement led to the Potsdam Proclamation of Frederick Wilhelm, which caused a mass emigration. Among its provisions was the non-transfer of control of certain places de sret, the maintenance of which was to be paid for by the government. Partially annulled by the Peace of Ales, it restored Catholicism in many places, but was vehemently opposed by Clement the Eighth and other popes until its repudiation at Fountainbleu. FTP, identify this declaration by Henry IV that sought to protect Huguenots.
Output: History
The Ik Onkar symbolizes "one god," or waheguru, in this religion, which baptizes its believers with water stirred with a double-edged sword. Its places of worship are called gurdwaras, and its practitioners wear the five K's at all times. Its holiest temple, known for its golden roof, is located in Amritsar, and its followers do not cut hair and carry a small comb. Its holy scriptures include the Bani and the Adi Granth. For 10 points, identify this Indian religion that had 10 gurus, the first of whom being Guru Nanak.
Output: Social Science
Vi sings "Has Anyone Seen My Joe" in this composer's opera Blue Monday. Orchestral works by this composer include Concerto in F and the Cuban Overture. One piece by this composer was featured in a 1951 movie starring Leslie Caron and Gene Kelluy, and has a score that calls for four taxi horns. His most famous piece was commissioned for a concert at Aeolian Hall by Paul Whiteman, was orchestrated by Ferde Grofe, and begins with a low trill in the clarinet followed by a glissando. For 10 points, name this American composer of An American in Paris and Rhapsody in Blue.
Output: Fine Arts
This poems fourth stanza mentions a green altar where a mysterious priest leads a heifer to be sacrificed. Its second stanza gives a command to "pipe to the spirit ditties of no tone" because heard melodies are sweet, but those unheard/ Are sweeter. To the fair youth beneath the trees who cannot leave her song, the "happy melodist for ever piping songs for ever new, the poet ascribes "more happy, happy love! Its opening stanza asks "what leaf-fringed legend haunts about thy shape," and refers to the title object as a sylvan historian and a still unravished bride of quietness. FTP, name this poem ending with the lines beauty is truth, truth beauty - that is all ye know on earth, and all ye need to know," an ode by John Keats.
Output: Literature
During this event, a group of fourteen off-duty policemen formed a group called the Vengeance Squad with the intent of cleaning up the streets, and a convoy of taxi cabs delivered two hundred members of the U.S Navy to the site of this event. Police did not arrest the perpetrators of violence during this event; instead they arrested the victims on charges of suspicion of assault and vagrancy. The murder of Jose Diaz, whose body was found in the Sleepy Lagoon reservoir, was a precursor to this event. Leading up to this event, the City Council issued an ordinance in regards to (*) clothing, of which Norris Nelson said that ""if we can arrest people for being under dressed, we can do so for being over dressed. "" The mayor of Los Angeles said that racial prejudice was not a factor in this event, and that juvenile delinquents of many races had caused the problem. During the event, servicemen entered movie theatres and other public areas, dragged out minorities, and proceeded to beat them in the street. FTP, name this event that occurred in 1943, during which minorities in specific clothing were beaten badly.
Output: History
The Soave equation adds an acentric factor to this statement, and the virial equation measures deviations from this law using a compressibility factor. This law derived by Benoit Clapeyron can account for density in its "dirty mop" form, and when A and B terms are added to account for the volume and interactions between particles, it is called van der Waals equation. Containing a namesake constant that is Boltzmann's constant times Avogadro's number is, for 10 points, what law usually stated as PV equals nRT
Output: Science
While en route to a confirmation ceremony, this ruler was captured by Guy I of Ponthieu. This man may have been crowned as ruler by the archbishop Stigand. This ruler obtained fiefdoms for his brothers Gyrth and Leofwine after the death of Leofric, whose heir Aelfgar rebelled against this ruler with Welsh aid. This ruler's brother was deposed as duke of Mercia by Morcar. This man's father was the earl of Wessex and Kent and, before his fall from favor, an important advisor to Edward the Confessor. This man was victorious against an alliance formed by his brother Tostig with Harald Hardrada; that victory came at Stamford Bridge, just two weeks before this ruler's fatal loss. For ten points, identify this ruler of England who was killed in 1066 by William the Conqueror's troops at Hastings.
Output: History
After he lost a gubernatorial election to Pat Brown, this man told reporters they wouldn't have him to "kick around anymore."  His presidency saw the establishment of the Environmental Protection Agency, and he was elevated to national prominence by his role in the Alger Hiss case. His Secretary of State (*) Henry Kissinger initiated Detente (day-TAHNT) and he signed the Anti-Ballistic Missile and first SALT treaties with the Soviet Union. His visit to the People's Republic of China opened diplomatic relations between it and the United States. For ten points, name this 37th President of the United States who resigned in the wake of the Watergate Scandal.
Output: History
His efforts in opera were almost completely unsuccessful, chiefly due to the asinine libretti seen in efforts like Alfonso and Estrella, The Twin Brothers, and Fierribras. The inventor of the "Moments Musicaux", his chamber works include the Grand Duo Piano Sonata in C Major, a series of Impromptus, and Fantasy in F Major, but he is better known for works in another genre that include "Gretchen at the Spinning Wheel", "Hark, Hark, The Lark", and "The Doppelganger". FTP, name the prolific composer of lieder probably best known for his 8th symphony, which was left unfinished.
Output: Fine Arts
This writer wrote a poem which features a call for Margaret, who apparently once loved then rejected the titular character, while another poem details an episode in the life of a great Persian hero, who confronts and unwittingly kills his Tartar son. This author collected a series of lectures given abroad in Discourses in America and he also wrote a dramatic poem in which the final lines are spoken by a harp player named Callicles upon witnessing the death of the titular character. Besides "The Forsaken Merman" and "Sohrab and Rustum," this man wrote a work about an ancient philosopher's death, "Empedocles on Etna. " FTP, name this British poet who memorialized his friend, Arthur Clough, in "Thyrsis," a poem which references another of his works, "The Scholar-Gipsy," but who is best known for a work describing a location "where ignorant armies clash by night," the poem "Dover Beach. "
Output: Literature
Robert Irwin attacked this book's dismissal of German scholars such as Ignaz Goldziher in Dangerous Knowledge. This book's second chapter analyzes the role of Silvestre de Sacy's anthologies and Ernst Renan's philological research in shaping its central discipline. Other sections of this book compare travelogues written by Chateaubriand, Lamartine, and Nerval and discuss the representations of "imaginative geography." Its last section blasts the "condescension and bad faith" of Bernard Lewis, and uses his writings as examples of the title concept. This book argues that the title concept arose out of the relationship between knowledge and power which occurred when academics accompanied Napoleon's invasion of Egypt. For 10 points, name this book about the ways the Western world has constructed a false definition of the East, written by Edward Said.
Output: Literature
This playwright wrote a play detailing the selling of Victor and Walter Franzs dead parents furniture to Gregory Solomon called The Price. This authors autobiography Timebends details his three marriages, the last of which is to Inge Morath, but hes more famous for a play about an event where Prince Von Berg gives up his white card to free Leduc from a Nazi interrogation camp, the title Incident at Vichy. He is more famous still for a play in which Steve Deever takes the blame for his partners faulty cylinder heads, which leads to 21 pilots deaths caused by Joe Keller, All My Sons. For 10 points, name this American playwright, best known for writing about John Proctor and Willy Loman in, respectively, The Crucible and Death of a Salesman.
Output: Literature
This man referred to those living on Banks Islands when discussing the illusion of the title entity in one work, while he compares how various groups in British Columbia related to the title Swaihwe object in another work. This author also discussed the Jivaro in his The Jealous Potter, but this author of The Way of the Masks may be better remembered for opposing Radcliffe-Brown with his alliance theory and for writing a work that opens by discussing the story of The Macaws and Their Nest. That work is part of a longer one which studies the transformation of South American folk tales. For 10 points, name this French structural anthropologist and author of Triste Tropiques, Elementary Structures of Kinship and Mythologiques, which includes The Raw and the Cooked.
Output: Social Science
Early in his reign, this ruler had to squelch two major rebellions: one led by his half-brother Thankmar, and another by his brother Henry. He defeated Berengar of Ivrea to marry the Burgundian princess Adelaide, and in so doing, gained the additional title King of the Lombards. Much of his ruling strength came from his namesake system of installing his own bishops, and later in his rule, he deposed John XII in favor of Leo VIII for the papacy. Another rebellion, this one by his son Liudolf, was ended by an invasion of the Magyars, whom this ruler soundly defeated at Lechfeld. Crowned King of the Germans after the death of his father, Henry the Fowler, FTP name this man who, in 962, became the first ruler since Charlemagne to hold the title Holy Roman Emperor.
Output: History
A three-membered ring containing a cation of this element is nucleophilically attacked by acetate to form a vicinal diol in the Woodward cis-hydroxylation. An acid of this element and oxygen is used to cleave vicinal diols into carbonyls. This element binds to 7 fluorine atoms in a classical example of a pentagonal bipyramidal compound. This is the largest element that can bind to silver in a chemical used in (*) photographic film. Deficiency of this element in the human body leads to an enlarged thyroid, a condition known as goiter. This element is used to test for starch by staining it a blue-black color. The only diatomic element to be solid at room temperature, for 10 points, name this second-heaviest halogen, whose chemical symbol is I.
Output: Science
Some of the figures in this painting are seemingly superfluous:  Mercury stands at the far left, dispelling clouds from above trees laden with golden fruit. A Cupid on the wing aims his little bow, but is probably only there by grace of his mother Venus, above whom he hovers. The action takes place on the right. The West Wind, Zephyrus, pursues a virginal Chloris whom he will rape. Chloris is then shown transformed, bedecked with flowers, as the title character. For 10 points, name this Botticelli allegorical work.
Output: Fine Arts
In addition to the respiratory and circulatory systems, this system obeys Murray's law. Cells found in this system include tracheids and vessel elements, the latter of which generally do not appear in gymnosperms. The flow of its namesake sap is driven primarily by transpirational pull, but also by root pressure. It is often contrasted with a type of tissue which transports sugars. For 10 points, name this plant tissue which transports water, contrasted with phloem.
Output: Science
A man who wrote under the pseudonym Picander made librettos for this composer, who created the cantata Actus Tragicus for his uncle's funeral. One work by this composer ends with a quodlibet [KWOD-luh-bet] and was commissioned to relieve Baron von Keyserling's insomnia. One collection by this composer sometimes identified as BWV 846-893 consists of two books of twenty-four preludes and fugues. For 10 points, name this Baroque period German composer of the Goldberg Variations, The Well-Tempered Clavier, and the Brandenburg Concertos.
Output: Fine Arts
He used lily-pad columns for the ""Great Workroom"" of his Johnson Wax Headquarters, and designed several houses using the textile block system. One work of his in the ""Maya Revival"" style survived the 1923 Tokyo earthquake. This architect of the Imperial Hotel designed a house for Edgar Kaufman with cantilevered floors built over Bear Run, and a museum best known for its spiral gallery. For 10 points, name this American architect of New York's Guggenheim Museum and Fallingwater.
Output: Fine Arts
The future Byzantine Emporer Romanus II was at one time betrothed to his niece Hedwig, and his son married Theophano, who was either the daughter of the same Romanus II or the niece of John Tzimices. The son of Henry I, Duke of Saxony, he defeated the Magyars at the Battle of Lech in 955 and was crowned Holy Roman Emperor in 962. For ten points, name this founder of the dynasty that bears his name.
Output: History
Following a victory at Pruth River, Turkey withdrew after being granted control of Azov, and Augustus the Strong was forced out of power through the Treaty of Altranstadt. Frederick IV was forced to withdraw following the landing of opposing forces at Copenhagen, which was prompted by Peter the Great laying siege at Narva, and Russian forces were later victorious at Lesnaya and Poltava. Ended by the Treaty of Nystad, it was effectively ended after the siege of Frederikshald, which resulted in the death of Charles XII. FTP, identify this conflict of the early 1700s which saw a coalition including Russia, Denmark, and Norway gang up on Sweden.
Output: History
In the Introduction to this work, an engineer visits town and asks about the history of the title character that he views there; that serves as the frame for this novel. One fantasy of that title character is to have his stockings mended on a cold winter evening by a woman. The title character's wife was talkative when she married him, but after the death of his mother, she becomes histrionic. She's later able to use her skill as a nurse when her husband crashes into a tree after a sleigh ride. That sleigh ride occurs after the highly symbolic shattering of a red pickle dish by the wife's cat, and that precedes the title character's declaration that he cannot live without Mattie Silver, who's being sent away by Zeena. For 10 points, identify this novella about a stoic Starkfield farmer, a work by Edith Wharton.
Output: Literature
Reaction of these compounds with a strong acid may produce a tri-alkyl oxonium salt. Allyl aryl ones can undergo the Claissen Rearrangement, and the smallest cyclic member of this group is ethylene oxide, while cyclic poly- ones are known as "crown. "  Members of this class of chemicals can be produced by dehydroxation of alcohols or by alkoxide nucleophilic displacement on an alkyl halide, which is known as the Williamson synthesis. FTP, name these chemical compounds defined by the presence of an oxygen bonded to two alkyl groups and perhaps best known for their diethyl variety, which is a notable anesthetic.
Output: Science
During this man's presidency, a group of Canadian rebels declared a republic on Navy Island. That was part of a conflict during his presidency that took place along the Maine-New Brunswick border. This man dealt with the Caroline Affair while in office. This President was originally a leading member of the Albany Regency. The Aroostook War occurred during his presidency. This man's predecessor's feud with the Second Bank of the United States led to the Panic of 1837. For 10 points, name this President who succeeded Andrew Jackson.
Output: History
In one post-World War II conflict involving this nation, 30,000 children were taken from it by DSE forces into the Soviet Bloc. That struggle took a decisive turn when Tito closed the Yugoslav borders to the DSE, ultimately forcing them to flee to Tashkent. A notable member of this nation's Parliament founded the International Commission for Dtente and Peace before he was assassinated by clubbing. The July Apostasy in this country would ultimately result in the rise of regime of "the colonels" during a period known as The Seven Years. Name this nation that celebrates Ohi Day in honor of Prime Minister Metaxas' rejection of an ultimatum from Mussolini, currently led, for 10 points, by George Papandreou of the Panhellenic Socialist Party with capital at Athens.
Output: History
Kimberly Cornish's The Jew of Linz claims that Hitler's anti-Semitism arose from an unpleasant childhood encounter with this man, and that he later secretly worked to recruit spies for the USSR. One of his works contains the "beetle-in-a-box" thought experiment and challenges the reader to define what a "game" is. Starting with a quote from Augustine's Confessions, that work by this author says, correctly, that meaning comes from use and argues against the possibility of a private language. Arguing against the formal view of language presented in an earlier work, that is his Philosophical Investigations. For 10 points, name this author of Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus.
Output: Social Science
This composer wrote a piano concerto whose final movement switches to 6/8 time before the trumpets introduce a theme based on the song, "The Man Who Broke the Bank at Monte Carlo". He featured a theme from Faure's abandoned Tantum Ergo motet in "andante sostenuto" movement of his Piano Concerto No. 2, while he included a tune he heard sung by a boatman on the Nile River in a sonata subtitled "The Egyptian". This composer wrote a piece opening with the harp playing D twelve times to convey it is midnight in which the xylophone represents the sound of bones. For 10 points, name this French composer of Danse Macabre who included movements titled "Fossils" and "The Swan" in Carnival of the Animals.
Output: Fine Arts
In one book, this thinker discussed the difference between the "contagious" and "homeopathic" types of sympathetic magic. The preface to his most famous book references an article about the Kazars that appears in another of his essay collections entitled Folklore. This author began researching the "King of the Wood", a title given to the priest of Diana at the shrine of Nemi, before expanding his notes into a mammoth "Study in Comparative Religion" that addresses the myth of the "dying god" and takes its title from the Aeneid. For 10 points, name this author of The Golden Bough.
Output: Social Science
This book states that power is twofold, passive and active, in response to a question asking whether   there is power in God. That statement follows four objections to the question, the first of which is  that God is the first agent, and the statement is followed by replies to each objection. That is one of   hundreds of questions in this work, which was written to educate Christian theology students. This  work makes several references to the works of Peter Lombard, who lived about a century before it  was written, and to Aristotle. Name this work central to scholasticism written in the 13th century by  Saint Thomas Aquinas.
Output: Social Science
Short jottings such as "Wittgenstein's sense of tautology" and "McTaggart on Time," divided into several "notebooks," make up this man's posthumous collection of sketches for philosophical arguments entitled the Commonplace Book. He opined of one philosophy that "if it asserts any general conclusion about the universe at all, asserts that it is spiritual" and says that it is impossible to "introspect the sensation of blue" in a work whose title was also accomplished by his (*) "hands" argument, The Refutation of Idealism. This advocate of ethical intuitionism and member of the Bloomsbury Group also condemned the naturalistic fallacy. For 10 points, name this author of Principia Ethica.
Output: Social Science
Two female members of this occupation served under John Rackham and were named Mary Read and Anne Bonny. Members of this profession could gain government support if granted a Letter of Marque, which made them privateers. In this occupation's Golden Age, Bartholomew Roberts had the most success, and that age also saw the likes of (*) Edward Teach and William Kidd. For 10 points, name this profession that got the majority of its members from the ships it robbed, and whose captains included Blackbeard and whose ships flew the Jolly Roger.
Output: History
This play ends with the main characters being clad in red robes and led offstage in a ceremonial torchlight procession. Several characters in this play successively throw black and white pebbles into a container, and discover that it contains an equal number of black and white pebbles. The main characters of this play sing the "Binding Song" to hold the protagonist hostage at an altar. This play begins with the Pythia of the shrine of Apollo rushing onstage in terror upon discovering the protagonist with his hands covered in (*) blood. This play shifts settings to the Areopagus, where jurors led by Athena try the protagonist for the murder of his father, Agamnenon. Ending with the title characters being renamed the "kindly ones," for 10 points, name this final play of the Oresteia.
Output: Literature
One work by this author claims that companies that control two-thirds of output act to minimize risk rather than maximize profit, since they are controlled not by their shareholders, but by technostructure. That work tracks how large corporations use futures to minimize the volatility of raw materials prices and how they undermine supply and demand via advertising and vertical integration. Another work by this author described the growing wealth of the American private sector while public infrastructure remained impoverished and popularized the phrase "conventional wisdom. " For 10 points, name this author of The New Industrial State and The Affluent Society.
Output: Social Science
A British military force named for this person helped liberate Ethiopia from Italian rule during World War II and was led by Major Wingate. Another organization named for him was founded in Wisconsin in 1899 and use a color-coding system to distribute certain objects. The Biblical person by this name may have been killed by Nehor after opposing King Noah, destroyed the monuments to Asherah and Baal, and with the aid of god used a water-lapping test to select the 300 men who would wield jars with torches inside to defeat the Midianites. FTP, identify this fifth judge of Israel whose name graces an organization that distributes free bibles to institutions such as hotels.
Output: Social Science
writer from this country wrote about "the Sorceror" who calls his third testicle his sister Estrella in the novel The Lizard's Tale. Another writer from here wrote about anti-hero Remo Erdosain, who gets caught up with a man known as The Astrologer, in the novel The Seven Madmen. In addition to Luisa Valenzuela and Roberto Arlt, another writer of this nation wrote the novel The Angel of Darkness and told of surrealist painter Juan Pablo Castel who murders his beloved Maria Iribarne in the novel El Tnel. Another novel from this nation centers around a man who gives the name Faustine to a woman who speaks of Canada, only to discover that the two suns and two moons he observes on the supposed island of Villings are the result of twin realities. In addition to Ernesto Sabato and Adolfo Bioy Casares, another writer from here tells of a man who travels with Sergeant Cruz and battles a black payador. FTP, name this birthplace of the author of Martin Fierro and the author of "The Garden of Forking Paths. "
Output: Literature
The trouble in this novel begins when the protagonist's wife asks him for permission to go study economics at the University in London. When their son John dies, the protagonist sends his friend Jock Grant-Menzies to break the news to his wife, who then demands a divorce. He refuses to give her one, and she must ask her lover's mother, Mrs. Beaver for a job. Meanwhile, the protagonist goes to South America, where his friend Messinger dies and he is held captive by Todd, who makes him read aloud the novels of Dickens. FTP, identify this novel about the lord of Hetton Abbey, Tony Last, a novel by Evelyn Waugh.
Output: Literature
This man assaulted William Stanbery with a cane on Pennsylvania Avenue. As a Senator, he and John Bell were the only southerners to vote against the Kansas-Nebraska Act. A close ally of Andrew Jackson, he served as the governor of Texas until he was removed for his refusal to support the Confederacy. For 10 points, name this politician, who also lead the victorious forces at the Battle of San Jacinto.
Output: History
A Roman sarcophagus served as the inspiration for his Battle of the Centaurs, and a small figure is eating grapes out of a drunken god in his sculpture Bacchus. Hired to finish the tomb and shrine of St. Dominic in Bologna, he painted one Madonna, one featuring the infant St. John, as well as the statue Madonna with Child. St. Peter's Basilica houses one of his sculptures in which Mary holds the body of Jesus in her lap, and one of his nude statues depicts a man with a slingshot in his left hand. FTP, identify this artist of the marble David who painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel.
Output: Fine Arts
The FACT complex assists in one phase of this process, and one protein that initiates this process is\n mutated in Spinocerebellar Ataxia 17, in which its poly-Q tract is expanded. This process is inhibited by\n actinomycin D. In bacteria, the rho factor can terminate this process, and sigma factors help initiate it.\n Roger Kornberg isolated the protein complex responsible for initiating this process, which assembles itself\n at the TATA box. RNA polymerase II binding starts this process, which creates its product from 5 prime to\n 3 prime. For 10 points, name this genetic process in which DNA is read and written to RNA.
Output: Science
This man purchased Hercules Seghers' Tobias and the Angel and used it as the basis for his Flight into Egypt. He reversed the orientation of Adam Elsheimer's Jupiter with Philemon and Baucis to create his Christ and the Disciples at Emmaus, while Elsheimer's Contento in Munich inspired this man's early cabinet painting The Rape of Proserpine. Amongst his best known drypoint etchings is The Three Crosses, and this artist's portraits include one of the art collector (*) Jan Six. One of his works is a depiction of two close friends, one of whom is Maurits, brother of the poet Constantin Huygens, and the other of whom is Jacob de Gheyn III. This man also painted himself as the Prodigal Son in the Tavern alongside his wife Saskia. For 10 points, name this painter, known for works like Syndics of the Draper's Guild and The Anatomy Lesson.
Output: Fine Arts
The 1st, 3rd, 5th, 8th, and 11th sections of this work are "promenades" which link its other sections. "Cum mortuis in lingua mortua" is the second part of its "Catacombs" section, which, along with sections entitled "Ballet of the Unhatched Chicks", "The Gnome", "The Market Place at Limoges", and "The Bohatyr Gate of Kiev", serve as musical "reproductions" of ten pieces of art by Victor Hartmann. FTP, name this composition by Modest Mussorgsky.
Output: Fine Arts
The year after he died, a memorial exhibition of his works was organized by Wilhelm Uhde [oo-duh], who also wrote the first biography of this artist. His technique always involved painting individual colors one by one and painting from the top of the canvas to the bottom. His portraits include those of Pierre Loti and Leon-Paul Fargue, as well as a self-portrait with a lamp. Whimsy and disproportion typify such canvases as Unpleasant Surprise, The Merry Jesters, Boy on the Rocks and The Football Players. Yet, it is the exoticism of such paintings as The Dream and The Snake Charmer that set him apart. His nickname was given not for his art but for the many years he worked as a customs inspector. For 10 points, name this man who often painted jungle scenes featuring lions and tigers, such as in his magnum opus The Sleeping Gypsy.
Output: Fine Arts
During his lame-duck period, he appointed Nathan Goff, Jr., as Secretary of the Navy to replace Richard Wigginton Thompson, and other members of his cabinet included Secretary of the Interior Carl Schurz and Attorney General Carl Devens. Pozo Colorado is the capital of a department named after him in Paraguay, where he is a national hero, having arbitrated in their favor while president after the War of the Triple Alliance. Congress overrode his veto of the (*) Bland-Allison Act, and he promised not to run for a second term after a supposed bipartisan committee rewarded him 20 disputed electoral votes. FTP, name this 19th president who won a controversial election in 1876 against Democrat Samuel Tilden.
Output: History
In one play by this author, a Jewish brigand named Mendoza prevents Jack from escaping the Life Force of Ann Whitefield. Praedy and George Crofts appear in another of his plays, whose title character confronts her daughter Vivie about a fortune obtained from running brothels. This author, who included the "Don Juan in Hell" segment in Man and Superman, wrote Mrs. Warren's Profession, included the Hungarian royal Nepomuk and Freddy Eynsford- Hill in a play where Colonel Pickering bets against a flower girl. For 10 points, name this Irish playwright who wrote of Henry Higgins' accent coaching of Eliza Doolittle in Pygmalion.
Output: Literature
This scientist discovered butylene and the correct formula for ether. The son of a weaver who took charge of a Quaker school at age 12, much of his early work focused on studies of the atmosphere, where he developed his characteristic distrust of other scientists' work and obsession with detailed record-keeping by means of a scientific diary. Determining that rain is due to changes in temperature, his interest in the atmosphere led to his studies in chemistry, detailed in his work "New System of Chemical Philosophy", where he deduced what would become known as Charles' Law, as well as the laws of multiple proportions and the law of partial pressures. FTP, who was this English chemist who proposed the theory of atoms
Output: Science
In one novel, this man's daughter is taught Bible stories and is horrified by the notion of beauty being a sin. This spurious father of Golden Bells appears in another work, where he is told of the infinite ways in which wood can be made into a chessboard after hearing of communication with strings in Ersilia, the size-changing Olinda, and Thekla, which is always being built. In a poem, this man orders the building of a "miracle of rare device" near a place "where Alph, the sacred river ran. " For 10 points, name this ruler who appears in Italo Calvino's Invisible Cities, in a namesake opium-induced Samuel Taylor Coleridge poem, and in Donn Byrne's novel Messer Marco Polo.
Output: History
Philip Kearny became the first American to receive the Legion of Honor due to his participation in this battle, where he served with the Imperial Guards. On one side, an army corps under Lajos Benedek became separated from the main body, but successfully held their ground at Pozzolengo. That main body, which suffered the opposite fate, had previously been under the command of Count Gyulai, but he had been replaced by his empires head of state, much as the French forces were led by Napoleon III. Resulting in the Peace of Villafranca and the transfer of Lombardy to Sardinia, this is, for ten points, what battle between Austria and a nascent Italy, where the carnage was so great it inspired the foundation of the Red Cross.
Output: History
Its delta names a state with capital at Tucupita, and it forms the beaches of San Fernando de Atabapo. The Ature  and Maipures cataracts divide this river, which contains the Llovinza Falls. The biggest waterfall in its upper portion is called Salto Libertador, while it is connected to the Amazon via the Casiquiare and Esmerelda, which form the Rio Negro. It flows from Delgado Chalbaud mountain to the Delta Amacuro into the Gulf of Paria, and to its south is the plateau Auyantepui, which features the highest waterfall in the world, Angel Falls. Flowing through the Llanos and forming part of the border with Columbia, for 10 points, identify this chief river of Venezuela. 
Output: Social Science
sum of the squares of the reciprocals of this function evaluated at the nonnegative integers is equal to the modified Bessel function of the first kind at x=2. The Leviathan Number is found by evaluating this function at 10 to the 666th power. The rising type can be represented with the Pochhammer Symbol. Wilson's Theorem states that this function of any prime minus 1 is also congruent to -1 modulo that prime. Legendre's theorem provides a corollary to determine the number of (*) trailing zeroes of this function evaluated at nonnegative integers. When this function is evaluated at large numbers, Stirling's approximation is used. The gamma function extends this function to all complex numbers other than negative integers. For 10 points, name this function that, for positive integers n, is the product from 1 to n, and which is represented by an exclamation point.
Output: Science
Population inversion is achieved in diatomic nitrogen and in this molecule in order to produce infrared light in the most commonly used form of laser industrially. In the body, a certain ""anhydrase"" enzyme converts this molecule into an anion. The bond angles of this molecule are 180 degrees, thus making it the textbook example of a molecule with linear geometry. At atmospheric pressure, it does not form a liquid, instead undergoing deposition from its normal form into dry ice. For 20 points, identify this greenhouse gas.
Output: Science
When this painting was first displayed, it was accompanied by a poem written by Paul Eluard. A woman enters near the top right of this painting bearing a lamp as a bird sits on a shelf nearby. Daggers have replaced the tongues of some of the creatures, and a creature stabbed by a diamond-tipped spear stands over a man hold a broken sword, from which a flower is growing. Various harlequins are allegedly hidden in this work, which also hides a skull in the wounded horse in its center. A sole ceiling light illuminates the action in its center, while a bull at left stands above a woman wailing with her dead child in her arms. FTP, name this Pablo Picasso painting which depicts the Nazi bombing of the title Spanish city in 1937.
Output: Fine Arts
one work by this man, Fritz wins a great victory by shooting 300,000 wine bottles out of cannons and getting the enemy drunk after the title character sings the "Sabre Song" and promotes him to general. He used the Lysistrata as the basis for The Happiest Girl in the World. In his aria "J'ai des yeux," a magician declares his love for Olympia after watching the inventor Spalanzani wind her up in "The Doll Song. " In another of his works, the Brazillian millionaire Pompa di Matadores and the Swedish noble the Baron de Gondremarck experience the frenetic nightlife of the title city. Saint-Sans borrowed the part of the tortoise in Carnival of the Animals from the "Galop" written by this composer of La Vie Parisienne, who included a "Barcarolle" in an opera which adapts the story "The Sandman. " For 10 points, name this composer of The Tales of Hoffman and Orpheus in the Underworld.
Output: Fine Arts
Chushka Spit extends into this body of water from Taman Peninsula, where one can reach Port Krym by ferrying across the Strait of Kerch. That strait connects this body of water to its neighbor, a sea which is the outlet of the Kuban and Don Rivers as well as the shallowest sea in the world. In addition to being connected to the Sea of Azov, this sea is connected to the Sea of Marmara via the Bosphorus strait. It is bordered by Georgia, Bulgaria, and the Crimean Peninsula. For 10 points, name this inland European sea, located directly south of Ukraine and directly north of Turkey.
Output: Social Science
Julius Caesar and Seneca wrote plays about him, with the latter introducing the character of Manto, the daughter of a prophet who reveals this character his fate. In a lost play, this man's fate is attributed to his father's kidnapping of Chrysippus. In one of the most famous accounts, he sends Tiresias to find the killer of Laius and also blames Creon for doing the deed, and his story is told by Jocasta in the Phoenician Women. Sophocles wrote about him at Colonus and as the King. For 10 points each, identify this character who married his mother and killed his father, the namesake of a Freudian complex.
Output: Literature
Great-grandfather: Charles the Bold, duke of Burgundy. Paternal grandfather: Maximilian I. Father: Philip I, king of Castile. Maternal grandparents: Ferdinand and Isabella. FTP, what Habsburg used all of these beneficial relations to become king of Spain and Holy Roman Emperor by 1519
Output: History
of this author's poems imagines a "hundred negroes with a hundred lances" and a prince that draws near "with sword and goshawk," and begins by asking "Why from her lips are song and laughter dying" and "Why is the princess sighing" A different poem discusses "foam pregnant with salt and iodine" and a man who has seen "the forceful typhoons of Chinawhile drinking from his flask of gin. " In another work, this author writes "You join the cult of Hercules to the cult of Mammon, / and illuminating the road of easy conquest," concluding by saying "although you count on everything, you lack one thing: God! " This author of "Sonatina" and "Symphony in Gray Major" also wrote the lines "you are the future invader of the nave America that has Indian bloodyou are an Alexander-Nebuchadnezzar. " FTP, name this author of "To Roosevelt," Prosas Profanas, and Azul  a poet and diplomat from Nicaragua.
Output: Literature
One man's fleet was captured by Isaac Komnenos while en route to this event, and a conflict within this event involved Conrad of Monferrat's claim to the throne. After sacking the Sultanate of Rum, one leader of this event was replaced by Leopold V. This event was preceded by Baldwin IV's victory at the Battle of Montgisard and the defeat of Raynald of Chatillon and Guy of Lusignan at the Battle of Hattin. Philip II helped capture (*) Acre in this event, and another leader won the Battle of Arsuf with help from the Knights Templar. For ten points, identify this 1189-1192 AD attempt to recapture the Holy Land which saw the drowning of Frederick Barbarossa and many battles between Saladin and Richard the Lionheart.
Output: History
This movement was not put down until Henry le Despenser defeated John Litsters army, long after it had targeted Fleet prison and Savoy palace. Some of its instigators grievances about the Statute of Laborers, but it executed Robert Hales and Simon of Sudbury for administering the one-shilling fee that nominally sparked it. Shortly after it rose out of Essex and Kent to challenge Richard II, its leader was killed in a scuffle with William Walworth, the mayor of London. For ten points, name this campaign against the poll tax of 1380 led by Wat Tyler.
Output: History
Section 9 concerns the reason of animals, while the views of Epicurus concerning the gods are defended in section 11, "Of a particular providence and of a future state. "  The final section treats the "academical or sceptical philosophy," though the better known sections deal with miracles, the association of ideas, and the idea of necessary connection. FTP, name this 1748 book, in which David Hume reworked the first part of A Treatise on Human Nature, not to be confused with an essay by Locke.
Output: Social Science
Considering the social contract, this man proposed the Staatsburgervertag as a worldly manifestation of the Rechtslehre, or "doctrine of right. ' This thinker argued that man discovers his own limitations in his conception of the Anstoss, or "check. " This man proposed that the system of philosophy one chooses depends on the type of person one is in distinguishing between his own philosophy and dogmatism. This thinker proposed the "self-positing of the I" as the foundation of his worldview, the Wissenschaftslehre. In another work, this man argued that laws contrary to morality cannot be the creations of a divine being; that work was published without his name, leading it to be attributed to Kant. For 10 points, name this author of An Attempt at a Critique of All Revelation, a German idealist.
Output: Social Science
One author from this country wrote about Ken Trilling's journey out of the slum Cabbagetown, and another wrote about a suicidal patient of Carl Jung in Pilgrim. In addition to Hugh Garner and Timothy Findlay, another author from this country wrote about Jerry Dingleman, the Boy Wonder in a comic novel about the director of Happy Bar Mitzvah, Bernie!, The Apprenticeship of Duddy Kravitz. This country is also home to the author of the Deptford and Salterton trilogies, and Raven Quicksill escapes to this country in an Ishmael Reed novel about the flight to it. FTP, name this country, the home of authors Mordecai Richler, Robertson Davies, and Margaret Atwood.
Output: Literature
The Zoroastrian deity associated with this star defeated a witch known as "Bad Crop" or Duzhyarya, thereafter coming to be known as an agricultural deity. That Zoroastrian deity of this star also worked together with Satavaisa, or Fomalhaut, to bring rains and waters to the seven continents, and famously assumed the forms of a white stallion and a deformed horse to defeat Apausha on the shores of the Varu Karta sea. Later associated with Tiri, or the planet Mercury, the god associated with this star, Tishtrya, is the subject of an entire Yasht in the Avesta. Among the Hindus, this star is associated with Shiva and known as the deer hunter, while among the Norse it is called Lokis torch, and the Greeks associated it with an animal owned by Orion that helped him hunt. For ten points, name this star, more commonly known as the brightest star in the night sky, the alpha star of Canis Major
Output: Social Science
This man defeated such rival claimants as Pescennius Niger and Clodius Albinus after coming to power, and he attempted to forestall palace coups by replacing the entire Praetorian Guard. After the death of this man, his wife Julia Domna exercised great power over his successors. He bade his time as governor of Upper Pannonia during the chaos following the murder of Commodus, eventually using the unavenged death of Pertinax as a pretext to overthrow a rich man who had won the Imperial throne at an auction, Didius Julianus. For 10 points, name this Roman emperor who ruled from 193 to 211 and was the namesake of a group that included Elagabalus, Geta, and Caracalla, the Severan Dynasty.
Output: History
This man's political works include an influential campaign against the Ogden Land Company. This thinker discussed development of the incest taboo in the  Punaluan family, and the Kwakiutl eventually provided a counterexample to his theory of matrilineal-to-patrilineal development. This thinker wrote a work in which he identified Sudanese, Eskimo, and Iriqouis among his titular Systems of Consanguinity, which he wrote in addition to Affinity of the Human Family. He claimed that the title animal had moral sense in The American Beaver and his Works. He also  described successive stages of "savagery", "barbarism", and "civilization" in his most famous work. For ten points, name this American anthropologist of Ancient Society. 
Output: Social Science
In Hesiod's Theogony, this figure is the mother of Latinus. In the Apollonius of Rhodes's Argonautica,  this figure comforts her niece Medea. In Ovid's Metamorphoses, this figure is defeated by Eurylochus. Some of this figure's jealous fits resulted in the a King of Latium being turned into a bird and the love interest of Glaucus being turned into a monster. In one story, after this figure's son kills her former lover, she marries that former lover's son; that work is the (*) Telegony. This figure tells one hero how to travel to the underworld and to speak with Tiresias about how to overturn one of Poseidon's curses. Hermes travelled to Aiaia to deliver moly to a hero who would proceed to sleep with this figure for a year. For 10 points, name this enchantress who turns Odysseus's men into pigs.
Output: Social Science
The founder of this countrys first dynasty won the Battle of the Irpen River, while during the 1930s this country was ruled by the fascist Iron Wolf Party. This country defeated the Mongols at the Battle of the Blue Waters, while ethnic minorities in this country include the Lipka Tatars. This countrys ruling Gediminid Dynasty included the brothers Algirdas and Kestutius, while the only ruler of this country known as the great was Vytautas. One Grand Duke from this country married Queen Jadwiga, leading to the Union of Krewo and the formation of a commonwealth that was victorious at the Battle of Grunwald. For ten points, name this homeland of Jagiello and one-time partner of Poland, a European country with capital at Vilnius.
Output: History
The Lares revolt was an uprising that occurred in this location in 1868. The Jayuya Uprising resulted in\n the declaration of martial law here; the next day, two nationals of this territory tried to assassinate Harry S.\n Truman. Operation Bootstrap attempted to industrialize this location after World War II. This territory's\n first democratically elected leader was Luiz Munoz Marin, and its first native governor, Jesus Toribio\n Pinero, succeeded Rexford Tugwell in that role. Under the Jones Act, all residents of this territory became\n citizens of its controlling nation, and it received a civilian government by the Foraker Act. For 10 points,\n name this island commonwealth of the United States.
Output: History
This work claims that a just cause, rightful intention, and sovereign authority are the three major things necessary for a war to be just, and Ulpian is cited in this work as "The Legal Expert". Another section of this work discusses drunkenness and concludes that it is not a sin because every sin is voluntary, but drunkenness is not voluntary. The Islamic scholar al-Ghazali is cited in this work in saying that it is "impossible for an actually infinite multitude to exist absolutely" and is called "Algazel", while Aristotle is referred to in this work simply as "The Philosopher". For 10 pointsname this work, which seeks to be a better compilation of Catholic doctrine than the author's earlier Summa Contra Gentiles, a work by Thomas Aquinas.
Output: Fine Arts