niryuu/sni-each-converted huggingface dataset:
This type of deity is represented in Aboriginal myth by Knowee, a mother in search of her child, while the Ashanti deity of this is Lisa, also known as Nyankopan. A god of this type was originally known as the "Scabby One" and was named Nanauatzin, though in later that role was assumed by Tonatiuh. In the Kalevala, this role is filled by Pasivas, while in another mythos this role is filled by the daughter of Mundilfari. The Celtic god of this type threw a stone ball into the evil eye of his grandfather Balor, while in Chinese myth, it is symbolized by a raven in a circle, and the divine archer, Shen Yi, uses it as his palace and shoots down nine false ones. The Norse tradition holds that it will be devoured by Skol at Ragnarok, and Amenhotep IV's worship this as the one true god led him to change his name to Akhenaten. For 10 points, name this celestial body associated with Ra and Helios. 
Output: Social Science
A half-male, half-female crucified figure looks down at a Nazi officer in this artist's Apocalypse in Lilac, Capriccio, and a massive chandelier is located at the center of this artist's colorful paintings on the ceiling of the Paris Opera House. The Lithuanian flag flaps while a synagogue burns in one of his paintings, while the Eiffel Tower can be seen through a window in another of his works. In addition to (*) White Crucifixion and Self-Portrait with Seven Fingers, this man is most famous for a painting in which a woman stands upside-down playing violin while a green man is face-to-face with a goat. For ten points, identify this Russian-born artist of I and the Village.
Output: Fine Arts
The ancient capital of this country is bisected by the Perfume River, which has its source in the Annamite Range. The Lake of the Returned Sword, or Hoan Kiem, is found in the capital of this country. The Can Tho Bridge crosses the Bassac River in this country, which is home to the Tay and Kinh ethnic groups. The world's largest cave, the Son Doong, is found in this country, which also contains the UNESCO Word Heritage sites of Ha Long Bay and the city of Hue. The Red River flows through the capital of this country, whose far south contains the Mekong Delta. For 10 points, name this Southeast Asian country that contains Ho Chi Minh City and Hanoi.
Output: Social Science
An emotional scene in this novel occurs when the protagonist mis-cuts a plug of tobacco, which causes her to be scolded by her husband. She talks back, and he hits her and refuses to talk to her. After that man dies, the woman leaves for Florida with a man who entertained her with checker games. At one point in this novel, the protagonist spends time "on de muck," picking beans. One character in this novel is infected with rabies by a dog, which causes him to attempt to shoot his wife. That wife was first married to Logan Killicks, who takes her from her home with Nanny, but later weds Tea Cake. For 10 points, identify this novel about Janie Stark, written by Zora Neale Hurston.
Output: Literature
Nugent, an Irish fisherman, is called on as a witness in this work after which the title character is indicted for murder due to his untimely arrival at the scene. One character attempts to befriend the blind Monsieur de Lacey but is discovered by his children Agatha and Felix. Justine Moritz is falsely accused of William's murder in this work, and this epistolary novel is written from the perspective of Robert Walton who meets the title character at the Arctic circle. The title character's wife Elizabeth is killed on their wedding night as the protagonist's creation seeks to exact revenge. For 10 points, identify this work subtitled "The Modern Prometheus," a novel by Mary Shelley.
Output: Literature
Under the leadership of Nicholas Geffard, this country signed a treaty allowed missionaries from the Vatican greater freedoms. The Boukman rebellion occurred in this country, and from 1849 to 1859 it was ruled by Emperor Faustin I. Jean Boyer led this nation after the death of Alexander Petion, who clashed with a man who established an independent northern kingdom, Henri Christophe. Another leader of this country came to power after the resignation of Paul Magloire, and that man's advisor Clement Barbot organized the secret police, the Tontons Macoutes. For 10 points, identify this nation which saw a successful slave rebellion led by Toussaint-L'ouverture.
Output: History
He composed the scores for the ballets Dybbuk and Facsimile, while his controversial Mass was composed specifically for the opening of the Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts. Initially studying under Walter Piston and Fritz Reiner, he was soon mentored by Serge Koussevitsky. Making a spectacular debut as conductor with the New York Philharmonic as a last-minute substitute for Bruno Walter, he went on to success both as a conductor and composer of musicals like Candide and Fancy Free. FTP, who was this composer of West Side Story
Output: Fine Arts
This functional group can be added to an alkene in a Markovnikov fashion by adding mercuric acetate and water, followed by sodium borohydride in a sodium hydroxide solution in a process called oxymercuration. When compounds containing this functional group are of low mass, zinc chloride can be used to classify them in the Lucas test. Secondary ones can be oxidized into ketones, and when yeast cells undergo fermentation, they produce carbon dioxide and a compound which contains this functional group. Name this functional group with general formula R-OH, examples of which include ethanol and methanol.
Output: Science
A political party named for this was able to get two governors elected in Nevada in the early 20th century. William Hope Harvey's pamphlet Coin's Financial School argued against the "Crime of '73" named for an act that led to sharp decline in the price of this; that decrease led to the passage of the Bland-Allison Act, which ordered purchase of this substance by the US Treasury. That act was superseded by 1890 legislation named for an Ohio senator that increased government purchases of this, but didn't provide for its "free coinage." FTP a "purchase act" named for John Sherman called for US support of what precious metal
Output: History
"Toy" and "toe" are two orthologs of the PAX6 gene in Drosophila named for their influence on the development of these structures. In insects and millipedes, these structures are made of clusters of hexagonal ommatidia, and rhodopsin is a pigment found in these organs. The(*) hyaloid canal passes through the vitreous humor in this organ, and rods and cones are specialized neurons found in the retina in this organ. For 10 points, name this organ in which the iris controls the passage of light through the pupil and toward the lens.
Output: Social Science
He was cured of his ejaculation problem by Cephalus's wife Procris, and in gratitude gave her a gift Zeus had given his mother. He drove his brothers away after they all fell in love with the same boy, and gained the throne after his stepfather Asterius died. His son Androgeus once swept every event in the Panathenaic Games. He captured Megara with the help of Scylla and Athens with the help of plague and famine, receiving the parthenoi in tribute. He was boiled to death in the court of Cocalus after demanding the return of former chief architect Daedalus. Cuckolded by a bull, FTP, identify this father of Ariadne and Phaedra, wife of Pasiphae, and son of Europa.
Output: Social Science
The work of this composer was often jazz-influenced, for example the Blues movement from his Violin Sonata. He had some Basque ancestry, and drew on Basque sources for his Piano Trio in A Minor. Neoclassical influences are seen in a work commemorating friends that had died in WWI, Le Tombeau de Couperin. In his final years, he wrote two piano concertos, one for the one-armed pianist Paul Wittgenstein. He is, however, best known among the musically tasteless for his intolerably repetitive piece Bolero. For 10 points, name this 20th-century French composer.
Output: Fine Arts
In this work, the author argues that Hamlets lack of fortitude is because Claudius did what he could not, and it puts forth the idea that the title objects are the effects of compromises in the psyche. The author outlines the processes of condensation and displacement through which the unconscious is expressed, and its author argued that the title entities are the royal road to the unconscious. Outlining a condition in which a boy wants to kill his father in order to get closer to his mother, FTP, identify this work which introduced the Oedipus complex, written by Sigmund Freud.
Output: Social Science
This country's land was apportioned through the law knows as "senatus-consulte. " It was allegedly colonized in revenge for its ruler hitting an ambassador with a flyswatter, and it was later somewhat democratized by Chadli Bendjedid. This country was the home to the Movement for the Triumph of Democratic Liberties, and its later independence activists included Houari (*) Boumedienne and Ahmed Ben Bella. The Secret Army Organization attempted to prevent the independence of this country, whose namesake crisis brought down the Fourth Republic. For 10 points, name this Muslim country which became independent from France under Charles de Gaulle.
Output: History
In  July  2013,  Colombia  became  the  first  country  to  eliminate  transmission  of   onchocerciasis [AHN-kuh-sur-SY-uh-siss], the most common parasitic disease of this organ. The ancestral Pax6  gene controls development of this organ in all bilateral species, and the "light   switch" theory holds that evolution of it triggered the Cambrian Explosion. Growth of new blood  vessels in the choroid can lead to the "wet" form of macular degeneration in this organ that requires  vitamin A for its rods to function. Glaucoma and cataracts impair what organ that detects light at  the retina to produce vision
Output: Science
One person who advocated this idea was thrown in jail in Nuremberg, and Hans Delbruck prevented the entry of a prospective member. A topic of discussion at the Convention of Gastein, this idea was popularized by the author of The National System of Political Economy, Friedrich List, and a rival organization was created in the Steuerver until its absorption through a series of treaties in 1834. First implemented by Prussia, which created a North German version of it, this organization created a uniform tariff against all non-members, and later absorbed Alsace-Lorraine in 1872 and the Hanseatic Cities in 1888. For ten points, identify this German economic organization which excluded Austria and knocked down internal trade barriers, whose name comes from the German for "customs union".
Output: History
Several Hindus and Jains observe this practice in an event known as Ekadashi, which occurs roughly every eleventh day. Women may perform this action on Karva Chauth, and Mormons are asked to practice it the first Sundays of each month. In Judaism, this action occurs on the Tenth of (*) Tevet. Muslims recite the Fajr prayer before engaging in this practice, and in the evening, they end their ritual by using dates and water in an event called iftar. Jews are required to perform this action on Yom Kippur. For ten points, identify this abstention of food practiced by Muslims during the month of Ramadan.
Output: Social Science
The negative ratio of this quantity to the gas constant is equated to the derivative of the natural log of equilibrium constant over the derivative of the natural log of inverse temperature. During throttling processes, this quantity remains constant, and for isochoric processes, this quantity is simply equal to the change in internal (*) energy. The standard heat of formation is this quantity for the formation of 1 mol of a compound. This quantity for the conversion of a gas to an ionic solid is reported as the lattice energy, and this quantity has units of joules per kilogram. For 10 points, name this quantity which is equal to the product of pressure and volume of a system plus its internal energy, which is usually denoted H.
Output: Science
This politician ran for office on his Sixty Days of Decision promise. His criticism of American foreign policy caused the American president to tell him you pissed on my rug. This man signed the Auto-Pact with the United States and unified the Air Force, Army, and Navy into the Canadian Armed Forces. This man led his party in defeating John Diefenbakers Progressive Conservatives and as Prime Minister. He won the Great Flag Debate and introduced universal health care. While serving in the cabinet of St. Laurent, this man helped mediate the Suez crisis, for which he won the 1957 Nobel Peace Prize. For 10 points, name this Liberal Prime Minister of Canada from 1963 to 1968 who also introduced the Maple Leaf flag.
Output: History
One of the reasons this scandal broke was the capture of Eugene Hasenfus after his Fairchild C-123 cargo plane was shot down. In it, the executive branch disobeyed the Boland Amendment, leading to the resignation of National Security Adviser Admiral John Poindexter. During this incident the president continued to insist that "we did not negotiate with terrorists" and acted against the wishes of Secretary of State Shultz and Secretary of Defense Weinberger. Much of the work was carried out by Lieutenant Colonel Oliver North, who diverted money to rebels fighting against the ruling Sandinistas in Nicaragua. Name this scandal during the Reagan presidency that involved selling weapons to a country headed by Ayatollah Khomeini.
Output: History
This battle was precipitated by the threat to destroy settlements in eastern Tennessee and western North Carolina unless the population submitted to royal authority. The settlers decided not to wait for Major Ferguson to bring the war to them and sent a force of frontiersmen to look for him. They found him and 900 Loyalists at this site encamped on a plateau that seemed to provide an excellent defensive position. But the slopes leading up to the plateau were strewn with trees and boulders that provided the colonials with effective cover when they began their attack during the afternoon. FTP identify this Revolutionary War battle fought on Oct. 7, 1780, in north-central South Carolina, which helped turn the tide of the war in the South.
Output: History
The protagonist of this novel is visited by her sister-in-law, the Countess Gemini, who tells her stories of her husband's past, and other characters in this novel include Mr. Bantling. The protagonist's father dies at the beginning of the novel, and her aunt takes her to London to live at Gardencourt. The protagonist visits London with Henrietta Stackpole and her cousin (*) Ralph Touchett, and she rejects marriage proposals from Lord Warburton and Caspar Goodwood. The protagonist is married to a man whose affair with Madame Merle produced the child Pansy, Gilbert Osmond. For 10 points, name this novel about Isabel Archer, written by Henry James.
Output: Literature
After this deity was impregnated by Iasion, she gave birth to the god of wealth Plutus. She was worshiped in Arcadia as a woman with the head of a horse because Poseidon turned into a stallion to rape her. The Eleusinian Mysteries were held in honor of this goddess and her daughter. She gave Triptolemus a winged chariot pulled by snakes to help him teach the world agriculture during her search for her (*) daughter, who was abducted into the underworld by Hades. For 10 points, name this mother of Persephone, the Greek goddess of grain and the harvest.
Output: Social Science
R-colored ones result from retroflex or bunched contact and cause a lowered frequency in the third formant. They can differ in roundedness, backness, and height, and Spanish ones are often described as tense, while English ones can be tense or lax. Each has a unique sound known as its quality, and one that changes between two qualities during its duration is known as a diphthong. The amount of air that escapes through the nose during their articulation is known as nasalization. FTP, name these open-tract syllabic sounds in language whose English varieties include A, E, I, O, U, and sometimes Y.
Output: Literature
His self portaits include one "between clock and bed" and another as "the wanderer. " A girl stands in front of a boat in his The Voice, and the title figure is naked and convulsing in his Madonna; those works join with his Ashes, Jealousy, and Melancholy in a large series consisting of most of his thematic works. He depicted the death of his sister from tuberculosis in The Sick Child, while the reactions of family members to a similar event are the subject of his Death in the Sick Room. He considered most of his paintings to be a part of his series The Frieze of Life, including a work inspired during a walk along the Ljabrochaussen, which shows the influence of Krakatoa in the red sky above the bald and elongated central figure who is clasping his head in anguish. FTP, name this Norwegian painter of The Scream.
Output: Fine Arts
They can be synthesized by the McFadyen-Stevens reaction and the Nef reaction, and aromatic examples of them are created by the Gattermann-Koch reaction. Reacting an ester or a nitrile with DIBAL-H and hexane will produce them, and they can be detected by the formation of a silver mirror when exposed to Tollens reagent. They can also be prepared by oxidizing a primary alcohol with potassium dichromate and sulfuric acid, though using a secondary alcohol will give a ketone instead. Such properties are characteristic of, FTP, what class of organic compounds with a terminal carbonyl group, whose simplest member has formula CH2O
Output: Science
One ruler of this empire, Furrukhsiyar, ruled with the help of the Syed Brothers until they deposed him and blinded him with needles. Alamgir II was the ruler of this empire when its capital was sacked by the invading forces of Ahmad Shah Abdali. One ruler of this empire was tutored by Bairam Khan and was the focus of (*) Din-i Ilahi, a syncretic cult. That ruler's father lost his territories to Sher Shah and had to flee to Persia. This empire was established after the First Battle of Panipat, and one of its emperors was responsible for the construction of the Red Fort as well as a larger edifice at Agra. Babur founded and Aurangzeb, Shah Jahan, and Akbar the Great ruled, for 10 points, what Muslim dynasty of India
Output: History
One book with this city's name in its title was a "retroactive manifesto" for part of it. That work described this city as Delirious and was written by Rem Koolhaas. In this city, Norman Foster designed a building with interlocking triangular glass panels, the Hearst Tower. Buildings in this city include the Chippendale-topped Sony Building. One building in this city is shaped by the triangular city block on which it lies, while another was designed in the International Style by (*) Phillip Johnson and Ludwig Mies van der Rohe. This home of the Woolworth Building houses an Art Deco building with a terraced crown and ornamentation based on cars. For 10 points, name this city, home of the Seagram Building, the Chrysler Building and the Empire State Building.
Output: Fine Arts
The incremental distributional value of this quantity for a given sliver of the mass distribution of stars can be found from the Schecter function. For main sequence stars, this value is approximately proportional to the 3. 9th power of the star's mass, and one law for calculating this quantity sets it proportional to the fourth power of the stellar velocity dispersion; that law only applies to elliptical galaxies. For a spiral galaxy can be found from the amplitude of its rotation curve in the Tully-Fisher relation. Often calculated for a blackbody by multiplying 4 pi r squared times the result of the Stefan-Boltzmann law, for 10 points, name this quantity, which is equal to the energy radiated by an astronomical body per unit time.
Output: Science
This mathematician names a surface in spacetime which intersects every non-spacelike curve in that spacetime exactly once, and a value named for him appears in the KramersKronig relations. A weaker form of Sylow's first theorem is his theorem which states that if a prime number p divides the order of G, then G has a subgroup of order p. He names a theorem stating that the integral of a function on a simply connected region is equal to the sum of the function's a sub negative one Laurent coefficients at each pole in the region. Any complex differentiable function will satisfy the pair of differential equations named for him and Riemann, and he is the first namesake of an inequality on vector spaces. For 10 points, name this French mathematician whose namesake sequence converges in a complete space.
Output: Science
In one of his books, Nanda and Shridaman kill each other in a swordfight. In another, Madame Houpfle begs to have her jewels stolen by a man who then impersonates the Marquis de Venosta. In another novel by this author, the organist Wendell Kretschmar is a big influence on the composer of "Apocalypsis cum figuris," and in another, Christian begins to look English and Hanno dies young to extinguish the family line. Such characters as Serenus Zeitblom, Felix Krull, Adrian Leverkuhn, and the Buddenbrooks family appear in his books. FTP, name this author who also created Gustave von Aschenbach in Death in Venice.
Output: Literature
Barry Allen wrote about this work "Post-Analytic," and adherents of the "new" school of its author interpret this work in a "resolute reading. " Its frontispiece contains a quote about "everything we say" by Kurnburger. This work claims that the existence of "atomic states of affairs" constitutes fact, and that a thought is a logical picture of a fact. This work is broken down into seven propositions, the first of which states that "The world is everything that is the case. " FTP, name this work that claims "That which we cannot speak of we must pass over in silence," a book-length work of Ludwig Wittgenstein.
Output: Social Science
Patients with McArdle's disease lack the enzymes needed to break down this material. The synthesis of this material makes use of a compound called UDPG along with an enzyme that creates branches along its linear framework; thus this material contains both 1,4 and 1,6 alpha glycosidic bonds. Marathon runners ""hit the wall"" when they deplete their supply of this material which is the animal analogue of plant starch. For 10 points, name this polymer of glucose found in the human body which is broken down by the hormone glucagon.
Output: Science
One of his works shows a water nymph in the lower right, holding a piece of music after lulling to sleep Rinaldo, who leans against a tree as Armida discovers him. His time in Italy resulted in portraits like Cardinal Bentivolo and George Gage, Looking at a Statuette, and he created a series of etchings and engravings depicting various colleagues known as his Iconography. At the court of the Earl of Arundel, he painted a portrait of Thomas Howard, and he executed 35 paintings of Queen Henrietta Maria, but is better known for portraits of her husband, including one ...in Hunting Dress. For 10 points, name this Flemish pupil of Rubens and portraitist of England's Charles I.
Output: Fine Arts
The Zig Zag and the Jenolan Caves are popular attractions in a mountain range of this name, and this color is sometimes used to describe a city home to Umaid Bhawan Palace, India's Jodhpur. Another city named for this color is being built off the coast of Muscat in Oman. A parkway with this color in its name passes through a namesake mountain chain, begins in Waynesboro and connects the Shenandoah and Great Smoky National Parks. A river with this color in its name flows past the Choke Mountains, gets water from the Rahad and Dinder rivers, and flows from Lake Tana in Ethiopia before  joining with another colored river in Khartoum. For 10 points, name this color which also is present in a section of the Appalachians stretching from Pennsylvania to Georgia, and a river which joins with the White Nile.
Output: Social Science
This book's universality was attacked by Heidegger in the Davos debate, and its so-called "principle of significance" was attacked in Peter Strawson's The Bounds of Sense. This book compares logic to a courtyard in its B-preface, written six years after its A-preface. It says that we comprehend a "manifold" of sense-data via the "unity of apperception," and claims that space and time exist as "forms of intuition" in our heads. Its author simplified its four sets of contradictory "antinomies," and its split between phenomena and imperceptible noumena, for his Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics. This book's transcendental deductions show that "7 + 5 = 12" is within the title mental faculty. For 10 points, name this book which showed that synthetic a priori truths exist, by Immanuel Kant.
Output: Social Science
Gerald J. Smith has suggested that this poem may have its origins in Thucydides' recording of The Funeral Oration of Pericles. This poem's second section urges the addressee to "Take the wings / Of morning, pierce the Barcan wilderness / Or lose thyself in the continuous woods / Where rolls the Oregon and hears no sound". The first section speaks of "When thoughts / Of the last bitter hour come like a blight / Over thy spirit" and begins by referring "To him who in the love of Nature holds / Communion with her visible forms". Its concluding section tells the addressee to "go not, like the quarry-slave at night / Scourged to his dungeon". FTP, name this "Meditation upon Death" by William Cullen Bryant.
Output: Literature
This man manipulated having a meeting with Paul Wentworth into getting a treaty agreed to, but was unaware that Wentworth had turned his secretary Edward Bancroft. Alexander Wedderburn attacked this man for an hour in front of the Privy Council for his role in illegally obtaining private letters during the Hutchinson Affair. William Strahan was never sent this man's "You Are Now My Enemy" letter. He employed his grandson Temple as a secretary, and never reconciled with his son William, the last royal governor of New Jersey. This man wore a coonskin cap to play up the folksiness of Americans while negotiating for an alliance with France, which happened after the victory at Saratoga. For 10 points, name this Founding Father from Pennsylvania who was also an accomplished scientist.
Output: History
This empire was ruled from its capital at Pataliputra, now the city of Patna. Founded by the king of Magadha who, from his home of Bihar, drove out the Greeks, it fell to the Sungas in 187 BC. FTP, identify this empire, whose third ruler accepted Buddhism, which was founded by Chandragupta and which ruled India for 150 years.
Output: History
One character in this novel muses about how much of life is spent watching one's feet. Another character in this novel kicks sand at a young child and later helps the antagonist move to Castle Rock. While trying to tell others about the(*) dead parachutist he found after talking to a rotting pig's head, Simon is killed in a frenzy. A conch shell represents order in this book, in which Roger smashes a boulder into Piggy. For 10 points, name this book in which Jack and Ralph compete for leadership of a group of schoolboys stranded on an island, written by William Golding.
Output: Literature
Miller's algorithm is sometimes used to generate a recurrence relation for these entities, and Steed's method simultaneously calculates both them and their derivatives. e to the i z cos  is equal to the sum from n equals negative to positive infinity of i to the n times e to the i n  times this function of z by the Jacobi-Anger expansion. By Mehler's formula, ones of order (*) zero are proportional to the integral from 0 to infinity of the sin of x cosh t dt, while the ones of order plus or minus one-half are equal to the square root of 2 over pi x, times cos or sin x. They are the solutions to the equation x squared d squared y d x squared plus x dy dx plus y times quantity x squared minus  squared equals zero, their namesake's differential equation, but are also used in the solution to the Laplace differential equation in spherical and/or cylindrical coordinates. For 10 points, name these functions denoted by J(x) and named after a German astronomer.
Output: Science
This composer's piano concerto features a solo for the cellos in its middle Intermezzo movement; that concerto in A minor was originally written as a one-movement Phantasie. One of his collections of piano works includes the often-omitted movement Sphinxes and two movements that depict contrasting aspects of the composer's personality, (*) Florestan and Eusebius. This composer of Carnaval wrote a symphony named for poems by Adolph Boettger. Another of his symphonies features three trombones in the fourth movement depicting a ceremony in the Cologne Cathedral near the namesake river. For 10 points, name this composer of the Spring and Rhenish symphonies, husband of Clara.
Output: Fine Arts
One of this mans protagonists dies when he blows up his palace after his mother Fides sings the aria Ah my son. In Act III of another of this composers operas, a hurricane begins to rise as Nelusko sings a ballad about the monster Adamastor. The protagonist of that opera by this man sings O Paradise! upon arriving in Selikas homeland. This composer of operas about John of Leyden and Vasco da Gama created a work in which Bertram summons a ballet of debauched nuns to tempt the title character, who is engaged to Isabelle. Another of his operas centers on Raoul de Nagis and culminates in the St. Bartholomews Day Massacre. For 10 points, name this composer of such operas as Le Prophete, LAfricaine, Robert le Diable, and Les Huguenots.
Output: Fine Arts
One of his novels concerns a man who has a stroke due to excessive sexual arousal, while another depicts a disintegrating marriage through the use of parallel diaries. His first novel is about a westernized engineer named Joji and is called Naomi. A prolific translator, his early work, like the short story "The Tattooer" bears the influence of Edgar Allen Poe. He treated the conflict between modernity and national identity in his essay "In Praise of Shadows. " Other works include Quicksand, Captain Shigemoto's Mother, and The Key, but he is best known for a novel about four sisters living in Osaka. FTP, who is this Japanese writer, best known for Some Prefer Nettles and The Makioka Sisters
Output: Literature
This composer's Fourth Symphony in E Minor contained 30 variations on a theme from J.S. Bach's Cantata No. 150, while his acquaintance with Richard Muhlfeld inspired his Trio for Clarinet and Quintet for Clarinet and Strings. He composed a cantata based on Tasso's Jerusalem Delivered entitled Rinaldo, and collaborated with Dietrich and another composer on the F-A-E Sonata. In 1869, this man composed a series of Love Songs, and in the same year released his two volumes of piano duets based on Gypsy folk tunes, Hungarian Dances. The partner to his Tragic Overture was also composed for the University of Breslau. FTP, identify this composer whose works include A German Requiem and the Academic Festival Overture.
Output: Fine Arts
Some residents of this country celebrate the new year with a day of silence called Nyepi. Following a similar venture in Brazil, Norway offered this nation up to 1 billion dollars to reduce its rate of deforestation, which is the largest in the world despite a 2011 moratorium, and is largely caused by the massive expansion of this country's non-native palm oil industry. Raja Ampat is one of this country's marine biodiversity hotspots formed from extensive coral reefs, and it is home to the pilgrimage sites of Prambanan and Borobudur. This nation's region of Kalimantan is a natural habitat of the orangutan. Sulawesi is part of this nation, which is home to the world's largest Muslim population. For 10 points, name this archipelagic nation with capital at Jakarta on the island of Java.
Output: Social Science
One company in this industry collapsed on "Black Monday" of 1977. John F. Kennedy attacked a group of executives in this industry led by Roger Blough for attempting to fix prices. The Chicago Police Department opened fire on unarmed protesters and their families in the Memorial Day Massacre during a 1937 strike in this industry. A different strike prompted Charles Sawyer to seize the factories of a company based in (*) Youngstown, Ohio, resulting in a Supreme Court case. The first billion-dollar corporation was created when J.P. Morgan purchased a company in this industry that had earlier hired Pinkerton agents to break up the Homestead strike. For 10 points, identify this industry included such executives as Henry Clay Frick and Andrew Carnegie.
Output: History
This phenomenon causes a quadratic term to appear in pulsar periods in the Shklovskii effect. Three unevenly spaced wavelengths were produced by using concave mirror to ignore one of its forms, confirming another form of this phenomenon caused by time dilation in the Ives-Stilwell experiment. Photons emitted from particles in thermal motion undergo spectral (*) broadening due to this effect. It was independently confirmed by Fizeau and Buys Ballot. As the spectral lines of distant stars have lower frequency than that of hydrogen, this effect can be used to show that the universe is expanding. For 10 points, redshift is a manifestation of what effect that causes the observed pitch of a siren to decrease as an ambulance passes by
Output: Science
This novel is prefaced by a quote from Gramsci stating that in the interregnum [between the old and the new] there arises a great diversity of morbid systems. The protagonist recalls that the only book she owns is a copy of Manzoni's I Promessi Sposi while the title character is fetching clothes to be washed. After Royce is caught wiping his behind with a stone, that title character is found missing. In addition to the truck driven away by the title character, Bamford's gun is eventually stolen, possibly by Daniel so he can fight in the revolution in Johannesburg. Maureen Smales leaves behind her husband and children at the end of, FTP, what novel by Nadine Gordimer named for the Smales servant
Output: Literature
One stricture accompanying this event is extended by one forty-eighth of a day in its namesake tosefet, part of its Erev, which is sometimes accompanied by a mincha and usually by a mikvah. One obligation for this day is to study a service in which the Tetragrammaton was pronounced several times and the blood of a bull and goat sprinkled in the perfumed Holy of Holies. This event sees the only wearing of a tallis for an evening service; married men also wear a kittel, but not leather. A shofar is blown for the service accompanying this holiday, special prayers for which include the Neilah and the Kol Nidre, which renounces all vows. For 10 points, name this Jewish Day of Atonement.
Output: Social Science
Its founder, a veteran named William Mooney, developed a long series of fake Indian rituals as a way to mock its higher-class rival, the Society of Cincinnati. Named for a Delaware Indian chief and incorporated as an immigrant aid association in 1805, it gradually became active in politics, eventually helping elect Fernando Wood as mayor of New York. Associated with "Boss" Tweed, FTP, what was this New York City political machine
Output: History
In this culture, land was owned by a group of families known as the calpulli. Much of the history of this this civilization is collected in the Florentine Codex. One ruler of this empire targeted its neighbor during the Flower Wars. The Templo Mayor was at the center of this civilization's capital, where a group of soldiers escaped during La Noche Triste following the death of its ruler, Moctezuma II. For 10 points, Hernan Cortes conquered what empire that governed from its capital of Tenochtitlan
Output: History
One of this man's daughters was Phrixus's stepmother and became a sea goddess who saved Odysseus. Another daughter of his had a son whom Artemis transformed into a stag. This father of Ino and Autonoe invented the alphabet and had a wife along with whom he was turned into a snake in Illyria. This figure earlier slew a creature who was sluggish from eating all of his men, after which he threw a rock amidst a bunch of warriors, who promptly killed each other. This father of Semele and husband of Harmonia was led to the spot where those things occurred by a white cow, which followed after being told that his sister Europa was doing fine. For 10 points, name this Greek who sowed dragon's teeth to help found Thebes.
Output: Social Science
One of this man's sons was devoured when the supply of human flesh he had been feeding his horses   ran out. This man found his nephew's corpse carried to shore by a dolphin, and his twin sons were  killed by their mother Tyro. He marked his cattle's hooves to prove that they had been stolen, and   then raped the thief's daughter, Anticlea [an-TEE-clee-ah]. This man left the Underworld after his  wife Merope [MEH-roh-pay] failed to perform proper funeral rites; earlier, he had narrowly escaped  death by chaining up Thanatos. Name this king of Corinth who was condemned in Tartarus to  eternally push a boulder up a hill.
Output: Social Science
This artist's time in Cullercoats influenced the creation of such words as Inside the Bar. Two black crows menacingly stare down the central animal in this man's Fox Hunt, and a woman holding a parasol gazes over her shoulder at a man in a straw hat in a boat in the sand in his Two Are Company, Three Are None. Two men attempt to get their bearings in the Eight Bells, and A Union officer confronts a group of disheveled confederate prisoners against a desolate Virginia landscape in Prisoners from the Front, and another of his works shows a waterspout in the distance while sharks surround a black man's boat in the foreground. FTP, name this American who painted many watercolors of ocean scenes in addition to Breezing Up and The Gulf Stream.
Output: Fine Arts
This composer has the cellos play half pizzicato, half arco over a sustained "D-A-C-sharp" drone in the first movement of one piece. The second movement of that piece by this composer begins with a high cello solo and includes a celesta ostinato. He included a "Praludium" marked "Rasch" in his sort-of-neo- baroque Piano Suite. Another piece by this composer includes a "Valse de Chopin" and uses an "E-G-E- flat" motive in a movement subtitled "Passacaglia." He originally used titles like "The Obbligato Recitative" and "Chord Colours" for his Five Orchestral Pieces, in which he made the first major use of Klangfarbenmelodie. Another piece by this composer uses a different combination of piano, flute, clarinet, violin, and cello in each movement and is a setting "three times seven poems" by Albert Giraud using sprechstimme. For 10 points, name this Second Viennese School composer who innovated atonality with pieces like his Three Piano Pieces, Opus 11, and Pierrot Lunaire.
Output: Fine Arts
This politician beat out George Dewey to be the Democratic presidential candidate with Adlai Stevenson I, and his opposition to heavy retaliation after the Lusitania affair caused him to resign from his post as Secretary of State under Wilson. This man argued for the prosecution against Clarence Darrow in the Scopes Monkey Trial and advocated [*] bimetallism in a speech proclaiming that "you shall not press down on the brow of labor this crown of thorns." For 10 points, name this Populist orator who said that "you shall not crucify mankind on a Cross of Gold" and who ran for president and lost in both 1896 and 1900.
Output: History
attributes the "Zion Dialectic" to this philosopher that theorized mules are infertile because their wombs are attached to their bellies. Another of his scientific theories is that salts are solidified because of the sun. One of this philosopher's works discusses that whatever is lawful extends through the wide-ruling air and boundless light, and a later part of it a father who killed his son with a prayer in preparation for a feast, and equates it with a time where the children kill their parents. This philosopher believed that animals housed sinful souls, and he also believed that there is a correlation between the soft blood of the body and the amount of air breathed in. This philosopher frequently referred to his "two-fold" truths, and he refers to entities that wander near the sea of life, those entities, are detached from the bodies, and are limbs. This man also theorized about the importance of a concept which makes many out of one, Strife. For ten points, name this philosopher who discussed the notion of the four elements before throwing himself into Mt. Etna.
Output: Social Science
A virtuoso violinist from this country composed a series of Gypsy Melodies for Violin and Piano titled Zigeunerweisen and also authored a Fantasy on Carmen. One nationalist composer from this country created the operas Follet and Liliana early in the 20th century and another one about a man who returns from Algeria that's often compared to Cavalleria rusticana. Another work from this country features a second movement that has a melody introduced by English horn. One of the most famous composers from here composed a ballet featuring the "Dance of the Miller's Wife". The songs "The Pan Piper" and "Will O' the Wisp" appear on a jazz album titled for this place by Miles Davis. The birthplace of the composer of The Three-Cornered Hat, for 10 points, name this country home to the composer of Concierto de Aranjuez and Manuel de Falla.
Output: Fine Arts
Hans Hendrik Andersen demonstrated that the stopping power of these objects does not follow the Bethe formula, a result that proved the existence of the Barkas effect, and they are the cause of both pleochroic halos and of mineral metamictization. The last step in the CNO cycle creates a carbon atom and one of these. These are only associated with elements heavier than tellurium. Timothy May discovered that emission of these from DRAM can cause soft errors in microprocessor operations, and the Geiger-Nuttall law relates the life of an isotope to the production of these. For 10 points, identify these particles that escape from radioactive elements via quantum tunneling and Coulomb repulsion, which were used in Rutherford's gold foil experiment and are identical to a helium-4 nucleus.
Output: Science
The Bar Confederation fought for the independence of this nation. The thirteenth of the Fourteen Points called for this country's establishment and its access to the sea. The Piasts were one line of kings from this nation, which was home to a parliament called the Sejm (""SAME""). This thrice-partitioned nation was the birthplace of Pope John Paul II. For 10 points, name this country whose first post-communist president was Lech Walesa, who started the Solidarity union in this nation's Gdansk shipyards.
Output: History
There are two sexes in this organism: a self-fertilizing hermaphrodite and a male. The adult essentially comprises a tube, the exterior cuticle, containing two smaller tubes, the pharynx and gut, and the reproductive system all within a one-millimeter package. All 959 somatic cells of its transparent body are visible with a microscope, and its average life span is a mere 2-3 weeks. Perhaps the most interesting thing about this nematode, though, is its 97-million base pair genome. FTP, identify this worm, the second eukaryote after budding yeast to have its genome completely sequenced.
Output: Science
One type of them is often twinned according to the Baveno and Carlsbad laws, and two types of them are the namesakes of the QAPF diagram. Celsian is one type composed of barium, and another type has cleavage planes that form slightly oblique angles; triclinic members of that type include albite, anorthite, and labradorite. One type of this mineral has a value of six on the Mohs hardness scale, and another type is located on the continuous branch of Bowen's reaction series. Approximately sixty percent of the Earth's outer crust is composed of this group of minerals, whose members are silicates of aluminum. FTP name this rock-forming group of minerals whose types include orthoclase and plagioclase.
Output: Science
Sodium phenylburate is often used to treat suffers of disorders of this pathway. Defects in transporters found in this pathway can lead to HHH syndrome and Lysinuric Protein Intolerance. N-acetylglutamate is an allosteric activator of a key enzyme in this pathway. Aspartate and Citrullyl-AMP are used in one step of this reaction to form arginosuccinate. Like a connected pathway, fumarate is a byproduct of this reaction. In the mitochondria, citrulline is formed using a transcarbamoylase. Two amino acids that are part of this pathway are arginine and ornithine, and this cycle is sometimes named for the later. This cycle allows the body to deal with overconsumption of protein. For 10 points, name this cycle which generates a namesake compound allows the body to remove excess nitrogen.
Output: Science
In plasmas, the ambipolar version of this phenomenon is inversely proportional to the collision frequency, while the classical form is directly proportional, and is a random-walk process. A semi-empirical formula can be used to describe the Bohn version, while classical cases are governed by Fick's laws and Graham's law. FTP, what is this process in which gases mix due to the random motions of their molecules
Output: Science
This politician was embarrassed when his government's legal campaign against Hardy, Tooke, and Thelwall ended with the complete exoneration of those men. During one of his ministries, this man supported the impeachment of Warren Hastings, the Governor General of Bengal, and after the conclusion of his first ministry, he held the position of Warden of the Cinque Ports. His government was able to achieve favorable terms from the Spanish after John Meares' ship was seized near Vancouver Island in the (*) Nootka Sound Controversy. This man served as the Chancellor of the Exchequer under Lord Shelburne under which he developed a rivalry with Charles James Fox. During his second and final ministry, he led Britain through the War of the Third Coalition and the Battle of Trafalgar. First assuming the office of Prime Minister despite being just 24 years old, FTP, identify this PM under George II, whose "elder" father of the same name, a Duke of Chatham, was known as the Great Commoner.
Output: History
Fergus Mac Roich owned one named Caladbolg, which was used to destroy three hills while fighting against Conchobar Mac Nessa. In Norse mythology, a cursed one called Tyrfing was created by Dvalin and Durin, and the river Gjoll contains several of these objects. The fragments of another one were eaten by Amaterasu in a contest with Susanowoo, who extracted another one from the severed neck of Orochi. In Greek legend, after switching places with Dionysius II for a day, Damocles saw one hanging from a thread in front of him. FTP, name this type of weapon, examples of which include the aforementioned Kusanagi, Beowolfs Hrunting, Rolands Durandal, and King Arthurs Excalibur.
Output: Social Science
The posthumous edition of this work included a poem dedicated to Theodore de Banville. One poem in this collection demonstrates synaesthesia by comparing perfumes to the sound of oboes. That poem, ""Correspondences,"" appears in the same section as ""The Sick Muse"" and ""The Albatross. "" It includes sections entitled ""Wine,"" ""Revolt,"" and ""Death,"" as well as (*) ""Spleen and Ideal. "" The preface to this work addresses the reader as ""Hypocrite reader, my likeness, my brother! "" For 10 points, name this poetry collection by Charles Baudelaire.
Output: Literature
In one work, this author laments that the subject must now "play the straight man for a term And tolerate the humor of the worm", and in another compared herself to a loaf of bread, a purse, a cow, and a walking watermelon. That work, Metaphors, was "a riddle in nine syllables. "" The speaker declares ""I shall never get you put together entirely"" of the title entity in The (*) Colossus and warns ""Herr God, Herr Lucifer Beware Beware"" in another poem. In a more famous poem, the speaker says of the title character ""Every woman adores a Fascist,"" while in her most famous work the tubercular Buddy breaks up with Esther, who tried to commit suicide several times. For ten points, name this American poet of Daddy the author of The Bell Jar.
Output: Literature