niryuu/sni-each-converted huggingface dataset:
These can be formed in a basic solution by alpha haloketones and can also be formed by reacting a nitrile and an alcohol in an acidic environment, known respectively as the Favorskii Rearrangement and the Pinner Reaction. The Baeyer-Villiger reaction can also produce these compounds from ketones in the presence of a peroxy-acid. The presence of two of these functional groups on a molecule allows for the formation of beta-keto ones via the Dieckmann condensation, which is a modification of the Claisen Condensation. For 10 points, name this functional group, a carboxylic acid whose terminal hydrogen is replaced with an alkyl group, which are useful for their various fragrant odors.
Output: Science
Kunala lost his position as heir to the throne of this polity after he became blind, so this polity's fourth ruler was Dasaratha. An early rebellion against this polity occurred when the inept prince Susima ruled poorly as governor of a northern province. This polity supported the Ajivika Sect and left inscriptions in the Nagarjuni and Barabar caves. This polity was eventually succeeded by the (*) Sunga Empire, and its second ruler had to be born by C-section after his mother was poisoned. Apart from Bindusara, another ruler of this polity conquered Kalinga before converting to pacifist Buddhism. For ten points, name this Indian dynasty of Asoka, founded by Chandragupta.
Output: History
This country's first well known king was Eric the Victorious, who worshipped in its great temple at Uppsala. Napoleon's general Jean Bernadotte became Charles XIV of this country. The country's forces were led by Charles XII at the battles of Narva and Poltava against the Russians during the Great Northern War. This country came to prominence under the Vasa Line, which included Queen Christina and her father Gustavus Adolphus. For 10 points, name this Scandinavian country with capital at Stockholm.
Output: History
Vasari relates that on many days, the artist of this work would often stand on the scaffolding without picking his brush only to study its tone. Preliminary sketches for this work were often done in red chalk, which are still preserved in its artist's notebooks. As a man recoils in this painting, he upsets the balances of a salt cellar that are next to some pewter (*) dishes. Found in the refectory of the Santa Maria delle Grazie in Milan, this painting depicts a group of figures during the exact moment they ask "Lord is it I", unlike the moment after as seen in earlier versions. However, the only one not asking that question has his face in the dark and is Judas. For 10 points, name this painting by Da Vinci which depicts the 12 apostles and Jesus during the title meal.
Output: Fine Arts
Jeyifo emphasizes a passage in which the protagonist recalls a story about why mosquitoes bite ears in an essay on the protagonist and His Mother. One character recalls break[ing] inside when he heard abandoned newborn twins wailing inside earthenware jars. The protagonist disturbs the Week of Peace by beating his wife and ritually murders his adopted son, and is chased out of town when his exploding gun kills a 16-year-old at his fathers funeral. The protagonist destroys Enochs compound and murders the District Commissioners messenger after returning from a seven-year exile to find that Christian missionaries abound in Umuofia and have converted his son Nwoye. FTP, name this work featuring Okonkwo by Chinua Achebe.
Output: Literature
The caudate lobe is found on the right portion of this organ. This organ contains a group of macrophages called Kupffer cells. Gluconeogenesis and cholesterol synthesis both largely occur in this organ which is also responsible for hemoglobin degradation. Additionally, this organ produces a fluid used in lipid digestion called (*) bile. Alcoholism can cause a degeneration of this organ in cirrhosis, and this organ is inflamed in a condition called hepatitis. For 10 points, name this largest internal organ which plays a key role in detoxification in the body.
Output: Science
This artist drew a god-figure flying near some clouds while Eve draws Adam's attention to the fruit in a tree in a painting of "The Earthly Paradise" in a series including "The Spies with the Grapes of the Promised Land;" that series is The Four Seasons. A man raises his red cloak with his left hand from atop a pedestal on the left of a painting by this artist who depicted a cherub blowing bubbles at the bottom left of a painting that also includes (*) Aurora leading Apollo's chariot in the sky near the ring of the zodiac; that painting features a winged old man on the right playing a lyre. This artist showed a woman in gold and blue placing her hand on the back of one of three shepherds at a tomb inscribed with the title phrase. For 10 points, name this painter of A Dance to the Music of Time and Et in Arcadia ego.
Output: Fine Arts
In one of his operas, Mamud switches his favored son Melindo at birth with the son of the Sultana Rustena. Along with Truth and Ordeal, he featured a female chorus playing Assyrian soldiers in his oratorio based on the book of Judith, Juditha Triumphans. He showcased four sets violin concertos alternating with a pairwise arrangement of keys in his L'Estro Armonico. His Mandolin Concerto in C Major is often paired with his most famous work, which comes from the collection of concerti grossi, The Contest Between Harmony and Invention. For 10 points, identify this Italian composer, who included the movements "L'inverno," and "La Primavera," in The Four Seasons.
Output: Fine Arts
This man hammered William Stanberry with his hickory cane, an action for which was defended a House trial by Francis Scott Key. The founder of the first school in Tennessee, this man received the Indian name Colleneh, The Raven, from the Cherokee. Heavily wounded in the battle of Horseshoe Bend, he was later a representative from Nacogdoches to the 1833 convention at San Felipe. His most famous military exploit involved the 1836 victory over Santa Anna at San Jacinto. For ten points, identify this first president of the Republic of Texas and namesake of its largest city.
Output: History
This author wrote about he whose fearful death he died / Far down that narrow glen in The Murdered Traveller, while another work s asks if that sky will let fall / A flower from its cerulean wall. " In one of his works, the narrator asks the title creature, Dost thou pursue / Thy solitary way In addition to To the Fringed Gentian this poet also wrote that All that breathe / Will share thy destiny in a poem whose title means, a meditation on death. For 10 points, identify this American poet of "To a Waterfowl" and Thanatopsis.
Output: Literature
Otto Stern proposed a slipping plane in these systems, at which ions with non-negligible volume adsorb to a surface, modifying the Helmholtz and Gouy-Chapman models. These systems are stabilized through the addition of a salt, called peptization. Because these materials effectively scatter light with low wavelengths, they often appear blue when light is shined through them in the Tyndall effect. Flocculation disrupts these systems, which are defined to be dispersions with particle diameter between a nanometer and a micrometer. For 10 points, name these systems of in which one substance is dispersed throughout another, exemplified by foams, emulsions, and aerosols.
Output: Science
This author wrote a play whose main character decides to allow a ship called The Indian Girl to go to sea, despite its unseaworthiness. In addition to The Pillars of Society, he wrote a play whose title character is Halvard Solness, The Master Builder. He is better known for a play in which Hedvig commits suicide rather than kill the title bird, and one in which Nora leaves her husband Torvald. For 10 points, name this Norwegian playwright of The Wild Duck and A Doll's House.
Output: Literature
The second movement of this musical piece borrows from a theme composed by Jean-Philippe Rameau. Two violins in another section of this work alternate between playing very high and low notes, and another movement features musicians practicing their scales. This composition, which features sections like (*) "People with long ears" and "Pianists", alludes to "Twinkle Twinkle Little Star" in a movement that uses the rattling of a xylophone to represent the noises of a skeleton and references its composer's earlier work, Danse Macabre. For ten points, identify this piece by Camille Saint-Saens with movements like "The Elephant," "Fossils," and "The Swan."
Output: Fine Arts
One legendary figure in this country's history was a wheelwright who founded the Piast dynasty. The Nihil novi was a 1505 act passed by its parliament, the sejm, and the Confederation of Targowica invited a Russian invasion after the adoption of a liberal constitution. One battle in this country saw its king ally with Grand Duke Vytautas to repulse the Teutonic Knights and took place at Grunwald. Tadeusz Kosciuszko led this nation's resistance to a Russian deal with Austria to partition this nation. More recently this country was home to the trade union Solidarity, led by Lech Walesa. For 10 points, name this European nation that was home to the Warsaw Ghetto.
Output: History
This thinker tackled the "Plato's Beard" problem in one of his works, in which he refutes the fictional philosopher McX who claims that Pegasus exists. He argued that not just individual statements, but entire fields, are verified in his "holism." He is the first namesake of an "indispensability argument" for mathematical realism. This man analyzed how the word "gavagai" corresponds to seeing a rabbit run in different cultural contexts and under linguistic barriers, which he termed (*) "indeterminacy of translation." In his magnum opus, he attacked reductionism and the distinction between analytic and synthetic statements. For 10 points, name this American author of Ontological Relativity, Word and Object, and "Two Dogmas of Empiricism."
Output: Social Science
Ninety percent of this mans army was wiped out at the Battle of Montgisard, one of his rare defeats, but he rebounded to a victory in the subsequent Battle of Jacobs Ford, after which he besieged Kerak. Earlier, he had seized the territory of as-Salih Ismail after coming to power upon the death of his former superior Nur ad-Din. He signed the Treaty of Ramla, which concluded his conflict with an invading army. The siege of Tiberias preceded a victory at which he set fire to underbrush, captured Guy of Lusignan, defeated Raymond of Tripoli, and annihilated the Crusaders massed at Hattin. For ten points, name this first ruler of the Ayyubid Dynasty, the rival of Richard the Lionheart in the Third Crusade.
Output: History
One of these substances is used in an analytical technique whose tris-glycine buffer system was developed by Ulrich Laemmli, which can be followed by the addition of Coomassie dyes. These substances, as wetting agents, encourage flocculation, and the aforementioned example of these substances is used to denature proteins. Below the Krafft temperature, they form micelles, and cleaning agents that deal better with grease and hard water than soap can employ these substances, one of which is SDS. A major type of emulsifier, these substances possess hydrophobic tails and hydrophilic heads. For 10 points, name these substances that reduce the surface tension of liquids.
Output: Science
He painted a self portrait in which he wears a gray jacket and holds the outside of his collar with his right hand, while a black hat hangs askew on his head. Three angels attempt to restrain a terrified-looking lion, horse, and eagle in another painting by this man, while he also painted a baby tied to a board on the left of one painting which focuses on two white men kneeling and offering gifts to Native American tribal leaders. In addition to The Power of Love in the Three Elements and Penn's Treaty with the Indians, he painted a more well known work in which a guy with crazy hair clasps his hands and an Indian watches the central action with detached interest as the British commander at the battle of the Plains of Abraham bites the dust. For 10 pointsname this painter of The Death of General Wolfe.
Output: Fine Arts
This mathematician proved an inequality relating the dimension of the vector space of meromorphic functions on a one-dimensional complex manifold with the genus of the manifold, which was later strengthened by Roch. He names manifolds equipped with a positive definite symmetric bi-linear form g, the metric tensor. The study of such manifolds constitutes his namesake geometry. In his sole paper on analytic number theory he defined an analytic continuation of the infinite p-series to the complex plane and conjectured that its nontrivial zeroes have real part one-half, later generalized to a conjecture about the zeroes of Dirichlet L-functions. The distribution of the prime numbers is governed by the zeroes of his namesake zeta function. For 10 points, name this 19th century German mathematician, who defined his namesake integral as a limit of approximating sums.
Output: Social Science
The service that concludes this celebration is known as Neilah [NAY-ee-luh] and most wear white during it. Ritual slaughter of a rooster often occurs during this holiday. Originally instituted due to Leviticus 23:26, it is usually begun by the Kol Nidre. Beginning on the tenth day of Tishri, five days before Sukkot, it also includes the Amidah prayer, which expresses communal responsibility for sins committed previously. Not allowing work or consumption of food for 25 hours, for ten points, name this day of atonement, perhaps the most important Jewish holiday.
Output: Social Science
This man incorporated a modernized fugue for string quartet and string orchestra in his Introduction and Allegro. Hans Richter was a champion of this man's early works like his First Symphony in A-flat major. He depicted his native country in the overture Cockaigne. This man wrote a choral work which contains the chorus "Praise to the Holiest" and is based on a poem of Cardinal (*) Newman. He also wrote a work containing a hidden theme that is never played and whose sections are dedicated to people like "EDU" and "Nimrod." The aforementioned choral work is The Dream of Gerontius. For 10 points, name this English composer of the Enigma Variations and a march ubiquitous at graduations, Pomp and Circumstance.
Output: Fine Arts
This figure dreams about presenting a heavy copper axe to his mother, the goddess Ninsun. This figure had ominous dreams depicting two dead figures when he embarked on a journey with a "shaggy" companion to kill a monstrous forest keeper known as Humbaba. This god sought the help of [*] Utnapishtim ("oot-na-pish-tim") in order to become immortal and avoid the fate of his deceased companion. When this figure refused to lay with the goddess Ishtar, her father An sent the Bull of Heaven to kill him, but he defeated it with the help of Enkidu. For 10 points, name this "two-thirds" divine king of Uruk, the hero of a Mesopotamian epic.
Output: Social Science
A stepwise mechanism for this reaction has been proposed where a pair of electron additions occur, each addition followed by abstraction of a proton from solution, proceeding through a radical anion intermediate before reaching the neutral final product. Substituents on the target compound can control the regioselectivity of the reaction; electron-donating groups favor protonation at an unoccupied site meta to the substituents, while electron-attracting substituents favor para protonation. Reaction conditions typically feature an alkali metal dissolved in liquid ammonia, which provide the electrons and protons, respectively. FTP, what is this reaction that reduces a benzene ring to 1,4-cyclohexadiene
Output: Science
The relationship between stress and strain in these entities is modeled by the Glen-Nye flow law. The equilibrium line altitude is the long term balance point along one of these, and a tower on one of these is known as a serac.A type of particles created by these entities, when blown by the wind, are known as loess. The Malaspina one of these is an example of the Piedmont variety of these objects. Sharp ridges formed by these are called artes, and material deposited directly from these structures is known as a till, while material removed from these objects by mass wasting can form a cirque. Two main types of these are contintental and alpine, and whale shaped hills formed by these are known as drumlins. Leaving behind debris accumulations calle moraines, for 10 points, name these large masses of ice.
Output: Science
In a prefatory note to this poem, the origin is explained as a passage from Purchas's Pilgrimage. Lines 37 through 41 describe a vision of an Abyssinian maid who played her dulcimer and sang of Mount Abora, and the poem ends with the knowledge that the title character has fed on honey-dew "And drunk the milk of Paradise. "  Subtitled "Or a Vision in a Dream. A Fragment," it references the river Alph and "caves of ice. "  FTP, name this poem by Coleridge in which the title character decrees a "stately pleasure dome. "
Output: Literature
This compound is extremely similar to sugars containing pyranose rings, the only difference being the presence of an oxygen in the pyranose ring. Its most frequent form consists of six axial carbon-hydrogen bonds and six equatorial carbon-hydrogen bonds that radiate out from the ring. In the "chair" conformation it is more stable than the other major conformation, known as the "boat. "  FTP, what is this cyclic hydrocarbon with formula C6H12
Output: Science
This author wrote about a man who moves across the street to observe his wife for twenty years in the story "Wakefield." In another of his stories, Elizabeth fails to persuade Reverend Hooper to remove the title garment. In a novel by this author, Holgrave falls in love with Phoebe Pyncheon after she moves into the title building. In a novel by this author of "The Minister's Black Veil," Roger (*) Chillingworth discovers Dimmesdale's affair with his wife Hester Prynne. For 10 points, name this American author of The Scarlet Letter.
Output: Literature
During this battle, one soldier supposedly saw a man with a beard a large as a shield before being struck with permanent blindness. One side in this battle elected to fight at its side rather than to defend a pass at Pallini. One polity's forces arrived too late to fight in this battle because its generals refused to leave their city until the full moon. This battle's losing commanders, Datis and Artaphernes, had previously sacked Eretria in response to the burning of Sardis. At this battle, the winning side was technically led by a ten-general body, though effective command was held my Miltiades. One story about this battle tells of Pheidippides, who died announcing the Athenian victory after running nonstop to Athens. For 10 points, what 490 BCE battle that ended the first invasion of Greece by the Persian Empire is the namesake of a 26.2 mile race
Output: History
One form of this interaction is governed by the CKM matrix. Because they decay by this interaction, charged pions have long lifetimes. Having charged- and neutral-current interactions, this force allows flavor change and, as discovered by Yang and Lee and Cronin and Fitch, breaks both P and CP symmetry. Research about this force garnered the 1979 Nobel Prize in Physics for Glashow, Salam, and Weinberg, who unified it with the electromagnetic force. It is mediated by heavy gauge bosons named W and Z. FTP, name this short-ranged interaction with a very small coupling constant.
Output: Science
The largest labor movement in this country was organized by Carlos Mahecha and Maria Cano, but was crippled when a general fired into a demonstration in 1929. Jorge Eliecer Gaitan orated against the "masacre de las bananeras" and presented its Congress with the skull of a child killed by the Army. Gaitan's assassination in 1948 is regarded as the start of "La Violencia", a still-existing war in this country between liberals and conservatives. Though once ravaged by a conflict over banana workers' unions, this country is now home to a group, often described as "narcoterrorists," which kidnaps politicians. For 10 points, name this country, the home base of FARC.
Output: History
His short stories include works like "The Miraculous Revenge", and his novels include The Irrational Knot and Immaturity, his first. . Some minor characters in his better-known plays include Sergius Saranoff, Vivie Warren, and Peter Keegan, an Irish priest who sympathizes with the British. Along with You Never Can Tell and Captain Brassbound's Conversion, which were included in the collections Plays Pleasant and Plays for Puritans, he wrote about Andrew (*) Undershaft's rocky relationship with his daughter, the titular Salvation Army officer. For 10 points, this Irish-born playwright of Misalliance, Saint Joan, The Doctor's Dilemma, Arms and the Man, Major Barbara, and Pygmalion.
Output: Literature
In the first chapter of this novel the title character refers to several books, including Henry, Earl of Moreland, Pamela, and Bewick's Birds of England, the book she is reading behind the curtains when Eliza catches her and calls her brother, John. John would have the poor heroine refer to him as "Master Reed," but instead she tells him he is "like the Roman Emperors" and as a result is sent to the red room by Mrs. Reed. Later, that orphan girl becomes a governess, and falls in love with her employer, Edward Rochester. FTP, name this 1847 novel, the best known work of Charlotte Bronte.
Output: Literature
An angelic being who talks to this figure describes battling "the prince of Persia" and "the prince of Greece. " Gabriel tells this man that "seventy sevens' are decreed" to atone for wickedness. This figure told Ashpenaz that he would not eat royal food and wine. He interpreted a ruler's dream by proclaiming that king would live like a wild beast. He also interpreted the words "Mene, Mene, Tekel, Parsin" at Belshazzar's feast. Three of this man's friends managed to survive being thrown into a fiery furnace by Nebuchadnezzar. For 10 points, name this Biblical prophet who, in his namesake book, survives being thrown into a lion's s den.
Output: Social Science
The third Spanish monarch of this name married Margaret of Austria and gave up much of his power to his advisor, the Duke of Lerma. The fourth Spanish monarch of this name was advised by Gaspar de Guzman, the Duke of Olivares, and saw considerable influence exercised by Baltasar de Zuniga. The second Spanish monarch of this name ordered the construction of the (*) Escorial and dispatched a fleet to attempt to conquer England. For 10 points, give the common name of these kings, the second of which sent the Spanish Armada.
Output: Social Science
He used glass tubing and created lily pads to build the Great Workroom in an administrative building, while he developed the textile block style by molding cement into hollow cubes and binding them with steel rods instead of mortar. The client for his house Wingspread was the same as for his earlier building, the Johnson Wax Headquarters. He planned layouts for communities like the hypothetical Broadacre City in his work The Disappearing City, and this plan was supposed to reflect the Usonian ideal. Also known for designing the Storer House and the Robie House, FTP, name this American architect who designed two Taliesin studios, the Fallingwater house, and the New York Guggenheim Museum.
Output: Fine Arts
This work defines the fundamental principle of ethics through an analogy to an emperor who weds his daughter to a peasant. It posits that the craving to experience extinction can never be satisfied since the end of existence is the end of sensation. It also suggests that unlike animals, humans form selves that can reconcile opposites. It condemns those who reside in sensuous categories as saying goodbye to truth and thus creating a sinful state of unconscious despair. FTP, name this book published under the pseudonym of Anti-Climacus, which identifies separation from God as the cause of the titular malady and was written by Sren Kierkegaard.
Output: Social Science
Features in this province include Split Lake, Playgreen Lake and Cross Lake, which are all connected by the Nelson River. The large plateau of Riding Mountain National park is in its southwestern corner and its highest point is the 2,726-foot high Baldy Mountain, part of this province's namesake escarpment left by Glacial Lake Agassiz. This province receives the Red River of the North and its southeast corner contains a small portion of the Lake of the Woods. Famous for polar bear gatherings at Churchill and bordering Nunavut, Saskatchewan, and Ontario, FTP, name this Canadian province whose cities include Portage la Prairie, Brandon and Winnipeg.
Output: Social Science
Book 5 of this work discusses the question of free will, while Book 4 discusses the existence of pain and evil. At one point in this work, a hierarchy of knowledge is presented with sense at the base and intelligence from divinity at the top. Concluding that the pursuit of wisdom is the key to happiness, this work was written as a conversation between the author and Lady Philosophy. In A Confederacy of Dunces, Ignatius Reilly often mentions this work. For ten points, identify this 6th-century philosophical work written while its author was awaiting execution; a work by Boethius.
Output: Literature
The Song of Roland was sung by Taillefer, a jester, whose death from charging the opposing line started this battle. After the battle, some of the defeated soldiers were chased into a deep pit known as the Malfosse. Due to unfavorable winds, the eventual victors landing at Pevensey was delayed by two days, with the arrival two weeks later of the victors of the Battle of Stamford Bridge. With their position at the top of the hill, the Saxons were able to make a charge by crippling the Norman horses before their leader was shot in the eye by an arrow. Depicted on the Bayeux Tapestry, this is, FTP, which 1066 battle that saw Harold Godwinsson suffer defeat at the hands of William the Conqueror
Output: History
In one of this author's poems, the speaker says men work together whether they work together or apart after discovering a clump of butterfly weed. Another contains sections titled Loneliness, House Fear, and The Impulse, and ends with a man learning of finalities / beside the grave. In another of his poems, a boy dies after his hand is destroyed by a buzz-saw which snarled and rattled in the yard, while yet another describes a total sky almost without defect reflected by spring pools. This author commanded Here are your waters and your watering place / Drink and be whole again beyond confusion in a poem beginning Back out of all this now too much for us, Directive, and wrote about a singer who says the highway dust is over all and questions what to make of a diminished thing in The Oven Bird. The author of Out-, Out- and collections such as Mountain Interval and North of Boston, FTP, name this American poet of The Death of the Hired Man and Mending Wall.
Output: Literature
Electron-like or hole-like quasiparticles can be created when these are bombarded by X-rays, making them useful for high precision detection of X-ray energy. First proposed by Froehlich, they were experimentally corroborated by the isotope effect and the evidence for a condensation to a boson-like state at the superconducting transition temperature. They are caused by the exchange of phonons. Named for one of the winners of the 1972 Nobel Prize in Physics, FTP, identify this phenomenon important in the BCS theory of superconductivity, a type of coupling of electrons.
Output: Science
A namesake protein component of this structure is detected by Toll-like Receptor 5. Tg737, whose mutation causes polycystic kidney disease in mice, is responsible for transport within this structure, which is also dependent upon complexes of IFT proteins. Y. Pestis uses a structure homologous to these to inject virulence factors into host cytoplasm, known as the Type III secretory system. They have a P, L, and MS ring in gram-negative bacteria, and in all organisms their central body is called the axonene. In Eukaryotes, they contain a 9+2 set of microtubules around a central pair and use dyenin and ATP hydrolysis to power their whipping motion. Similar to cilia, for 10 points, name these projections used by cells to swim.
Output: Science
The title cup dominates a cloudy landscape in this painter's The Giant's Chalice and a mountain pass is depicted in his The Notch in the White Mountains. One series of paintings by this artist includes works like The Savage State, Consummation, and Decline, while another comprises Childhood, Youth, Manhood, and Old Age. Due to his many depictions of its landscapes, the fourth tallest of the Catskills mountains is named for him. Founder of Hudson River School, FTP, name this painter of the two series of paintings The Voyage of Life and The Course of Empire
Output: Fine Arts
One of this man's operas contains a Hymn for the Roman god Venus, and at the end of that opera, the Pope's staff grows leaves. Another one of this man's operas has a final aria called the "Liebestod," and that opera describes the affair of King Marke's wife with a knight. In addition to composing Tannhauser and Tristan und Isolde, he also wrote a series of operas, the first of which begins with three maidens next to a river, and another of the operas in that series contains "The Ride of the Valkyries". For 10 points, name this German composer whose Das Rheingold begins his Ring of Nibelung cycle.
Output: Fine Arts
One of this authors stories describes a bachelor trapped in a tower surrounded by the titular marshes. In one of his short works Alissa, in her quest for sainthood, tries to steer Jerome toward her younger sister Juliette, but actually wants him for herself. The novelist Julius, the vivisector Anthime, and the titular bastard are at the center of a scheme to fake a papal kidnapping in Lafcadios Adventures, while the accidental suicide of Boris mortifies the title figures leader, the nephew of the man who cares for Bernard Profitendieu, Edouard, in The Counterfeiters. Also the author of a novel about a gay pedophile, this is, FTP what author of The Immoralist.
Output: Literature
When a group of his fellow students took refuge from a failed revolution in Austria, this man declared that he would only wear black. The British government admitted to opening this man's mail after the execution of the Bandiera brothers. This man used the slogan "Thought and Action" and met opposition when he planned to use Charles Albert to lead an army against Radetzky in 1848. In 1865, he refused an appointment to the Turin Parliament because he would not take an oath of allegiance to the monarchy. Sentenced to death in absentia due to his part in an army coup and invasion in Savoy, this man was elected Triumvir of Rome after the assasination of Pellegrino Rossi. He said that "neither Pope nor king," but rather "God and the people" would lead to victory the movement he founded. For 10 points, name this leader of Young Italy, a democratic figure of the Risorgimento. 
Output: History
One character in this work wears a crown and carries a lance, while in the background of this work, one man wears a top hat and holds aloft a spear. Next to that man is a character who looks like a Roman centurion, and next to him is a man waving a blue and gold flag. In the foreground of this work, there is a ghostly looking girl, who stands next to a red-clad man carrying a rifle and the central figure of this work, who wears a red sash around his chest and has his hand outstretched as he says something to the man in white standing next to him. For 10 pointsname this work, also called The Company of Franz Banning Cocq and Willem van Ruytenburch, a painting by Rembrandt van Rijn.
Output: Fine Arts
Graves connects this figure with a leader of the Aeolians who conquered part of Argolis from Canaanite settlers of that region. This son of Amythaon got his name after his mother left him lying in the shade as a baby but left his feet in the sun. While being held captive by Phylacus, he demanded to be transferred to another cell to avoid having a beam fall on him, and was able to cure the impotence of Iphiclus after hearing two vultures converse about making a poultice from rust that formed on a sacrificial knife used to geld a ram. This figure, who introduced the cult of Dionysos into Greece, demanded a third of the kingdom of Proetus for himself and a third for his brother Bias in exchange for curing the Argive women of madness, and his descendants formed the next Argive dynasty. Taught prophecy by Apollo on the shores of the river Alpheius, for ten points, identify this seer, who came to understand the language of animals after snakes licked his ears.
Output: Social Science
Some of the figures in this work were sketched based on bodies the artist studied in a morgue. A figure wearing a red cloth on his head holds onto a nude man at the left of this painting, while a person in the middle grips onto a plank of wood. A scuffle is taking place at the right of this painting, which has one man waving a white piece of fabric and another waving a red one. The mast of the namesake object has a greenish-white cloth tied around it, and to the left is an advancing tidal wave. FTP, name this painting that depicts the survivors of a ship that rammed into the coast of Senegal, by Theodore Gericault.
Output: Fine Arts
The yield of these compounds can be increased through ball milling of some of their components, and one mode of operation of these compounds proceeds through a mechanism called enantiomorphic site control. A process for the operation of these compounds that proceeds through migratory insertions and obeys the "principle of least nuclear motions" was developed by Cossee and Arlman. Compounds such bis(cyclopentadienyl)titanium chloride and bis(indenyl)zirconium dichloride, known as metallocenes, have been developed as an alternative to the traditional compounds of this type. Those traditional initiators include vanadium trichloride and triethylaluminum, and the product of the application of these compounds to alkenes can result in syndiotactic, isotactic, or atactic products. For ten points, identify these stereoselective compounds used to initiate polymerization, named for a German and an Italian chemist.
Output: Science
Silica aerogels are frequently used in devices for measuring this phenomenon, and one such device is called the threshold detector, while another device used to measure it is called a ring imaging detector. The governing equation can be derived by using Poynting's theorem and applying the Fourier transform to determine the energy loss at infinite distance. A periodic grating can give rise to a version of this effect named after Smith and Purcell, while the Frank-Tamm equation governs this phenomenon, which travels at an angle whose cosine is inversely proportional to the index of refraction and the object's speed. For 10 points, name this effect in which a charged particle moves through a medium faster than the speed of light in that medium, giving off radiation.
Output: Science
One saint from this country is credited with creating the Fifteen O's prayer and founded a namesake monastic order which was open to men and women. Laurentius Andreae played a key role in translating the Bible into the language of this country, and the Reformation was promoted here by the Petri brothers. One ruler of this country founded the Academy of Arcadia after converting to Catholicism and moving to Rome. It's not Ireland, but St. Bridget, one of the patron saints of Europe, hailed from this country. One leader of this country was advised by (*) Axel Oxenstierna and died at the Battle of Lutzen while intervening in the Thirty Year's War; that man was known as the Lion of the North. The Vasa dynasty once ruled, for 10 points, what Lutheran Scandinavian country whose most famous ruler was Gustavus Adolphus
Output: History
Pyotr Grinyov gives a hareskin jacket to Yemelyan Pugachev in one work by this author, who wrote an adaptation of Snow White in another work. In addition to The Captain's Daughter and The Tale of the Dead Princess, he wrote a romantic tragedy based on Don Juan and wrote one work in which a dinner at Gavrila Rzhevsky's palace is interupted by the title Tsar, who wants Ibrahim to marry Natalia. This author of The Stone Guest and Peter the Great's Negro wrote a novel in which Vladimir Lensky is engaged to Olga Larina and her sister Tatyana falls in love with the title character, and a poem in which Evegenii is found dead in a ruined hut after being chased by a statue of Peter the Great. For 10 pointsname this author of Eugene Onegin and The Bronze Horseman.
Output: Fine Arts
A slightly cut edition of the second of these compositions was prepared by Alexander Siloti, and the first of these contains one movement based on the cabaret song "Il faut s'amuser, danser et rire," while another movement contains an allegro section inspired by a blind beggars' song. The third and last of these was constructed of unused material from the composer's unfinished "Symphony in E-Flat. " The composer received a bitter lashing from Anton Rubenstein after playing him the first of these works, which was premiered in Boston under B. J. Lang with Hans von Bulow as the soloist. That work opens with a four-note motif sounded by all four horns punctuated by orchestral chords, which starts in the home key of B-flat minor but quickly modulates to D-flat major. For 10 points, identify these works for a keyboard instrument and orchestra by the composer of the Pathetique Symphony.
Output: Fine Arts
The female lead in this opera expresses her devil-may-care attitude in the piece "Balatella", sometimes known as the "Bird Song". It opens with the song "Si puo", while the second act features the serenade "O Columbine", found in the play within a play. The plot tells of the discovery that Silvio is having an affair with Nedda, prompting the clown Canio to kill them in his madness. FTP, what is this opera, the masterpiece of Ruggiero Leoncavallo
Output: Fine Arts
In one section of this work, the double bass plays a slowed-down, ponderous version of the ""Dance of\n the Sylphs"" from The Damnation of Faust. Two pianists play rapid scales up and down the piano in its third\n section. An offstage clarinet repeats the ostinato C, A flat in a section of this work in order to imitate a\n being ""from the depths of the woods. "" It instructs performers to deliberately hit wrong notes after playing\n simple scales in its section ""Pianists,"" and mocks its composer by using a xylophone to quote sections of \nDanse Macabre in its section ""Fossils. "" Featuring the movements ""Aviary,"" ""Aquarium,"" and ""The Swan,""\n for 10 points, name this ""Grand Zoological Fantasy"" by Camille Saint-Saens.
Output: Fine Arts
The gene S100A8 can protect against it, and a recent study showed that melatonin can antagonize it in partheno-genetic embryos. This process can be detected via the uptake of 7-AAD during flow cytometry, the exclusion of trypan blue, and the terminal dUTP nick-end labeling, or TUNEL assay. Binding of the Fas ligand induces it, as does upregulation of proteins like BAX and BAD, while other members of the Bcl-2 family oppose it. The exact number of times this process occurs is known for the development of C. elegans, whose ced-3 proteins are the homologues of the Apaf-1-activated human caspases that are responsible for many of its effects. Also initiated by p53 upon un-repairable DNA damage, FTP, name this process of type I programmed cell death.
Output: Science
The terrible climate of this country's Savannakhet region helped stifle nefarious coup-inciting by the "Programs Evaluation Office. " This country's namesake language, which is spoken with an extra tone in a city whose Xieng Thong Temple survived its near-annihilation during the Haw Wars, underwent a series tonal conversion as it migrated down the Nam Ou river during the fifteenth century. That language underwent a major simplification reform in the 1960s, which helped distinguish it from another country's Isan dialect, spoken heavily across its Southwestern border. This state's origins lie in Fa Ngum's expansion into Sainyabuli, for which he supposedly received an open-palmed gold statue, the (*) Phra Bang, from a Lovek king. The Lan Xang Empire built this country's "Army of The Million Elephants," and its city of Pakxe was a target for the disastrous Lam Son 719 and Barrel Roll operations, which left land mines strewn across its Plain of Jars. This country defines the Eastern bound of the heroin-producing "Golden Triangle," and lies across the Mekong from Thailand. FTP, name this landlocked country in Southeast Asia, whose capital is Vientiane.
Output: Social Science
Six of them, including "When I bring you colored toys" and "Light my light" were set by composer John Alden Carpenter to music. This collection of poems centers on the concept of Jivandevata, or "Lord of my life," and most of its contents are dedicated to reuniting the poet with a deity. It begins with the line "Thou has made me endless, such is thy pleasure. "  With an introduction by W. B. Yeats, this work helped earn its author the 1913 Noble Prize for literature. FTP, identify this collection of poems by Rabindranath Tagore, whose name means "Song Offerings. "
Output: Literature
In the days leading up to this battle, the Neosho and Tippecanoe refueled the American Fleet, allowing for the sinking of the destroyer, Kikuzuki. Inferior scouting led to the sinking of the Sims and Shoho, and the overlooking of the most important forces. Damage to the Zuikaku and Shokaku on the second day eliminated them from participation in the Battle of Midway, and the Japanese operations to capture both Tulagi and Port Moresby were abandoned. FTP, what is this battle that resulted in the loss of the carrier USS Lexington, the first in which the opposing fleets never saw each other
Output: History
Seymour Benzer extensively studied the genetics of these entities, whose P1, Mu, and M13 varieties are often used as cloning vectors. Radioactive P-labeled DNA was inserted into the genomes of these entities, proving that DNA was the genetic material, in the Hershey Chase experiment. The lambda variety engages in the lysogenic cycle, but most infect a cell via attachment, penetration, multiplication, and eventual bursting of the host cell in the lytic cycle. For 10 points, name these viruses that attack a certain type of single-celled organism.
Output: Science
A technique named for Wallman is used to impart this property to T1 spaces, and that method is the same as one named for Stone and Cech for normal spaces. The ArzelAscoli theorem gives conditions for whether continuous functions from a metric space with this property preserve it and the product of spaces with this property retains this property under (*) Tychonoff's theorem. A subset of n-space retains it if any infinite subset has at least one accumulation point in the set, and it is equivalent to being closed and bounded under the Heine-Borel theorem. For 10 points, name this property of topological spaces, defined as each open cover having a finite subcover.
Output: Science
When the king ordered Arioch to execute him, he ate vegetables and water for ten days to convince his supervisor Ashpenaz to allow him to forego eating royal food. He had several notable dreams, including one of four beasts coming up from the sea and a vision of a ram and goat. Taken from Judah in the deportation to Babylon in the third year of Jehoiakim's reign, he was renamed Belteshazzar and he assisted King Belshazzar by reading and interpreting the words Mene, Mene, Tekel, Parsin. Author of an Old Testament book found between Ezekiel and Hosea, FTP, name this biblical character who wrote about the fiery furnace and survived the lions' den.
Output: Social Science
One poem by this author uses "the shades of girls" and "the gunman and his moll" to describe the title entities, which are "seedless in the light." This author proclaimed "the lips of time leech to the fountain head" in a poem whose title concept "drives [the speaker's] green age." In another poem by this author of "Our Eunuch Dreams", the speaker recalls when he was "green and carefree, famous among the barns," and "sang in [his] chains like the sea," "young and easy under the apple boughs." This author of "The Force that Through the Green Fuse Drives the Flower" wrote of wise men that know that their words "had forked no lightning" in a poem that urges "Rage, rage against the dying of the light". For 10 points, name this Welsh poet of "Fern Hill" and "Do not go gentle into that good night."
Output: Literature
Heptamegaly usually results from Cori's disease and Andersen's disease, both of which occur due to dysfunctional enzymes involved in the synthesis of this compound. One enzyme involved with the breakdown of this compound uses pyridoxal phosphate at catalytic sites and only acts on the alpha 1-4 bonds; a branching enzyme is required to eliminate alpha (*) 1-6 linkages and create a linear polymer. During its synthesis, the action of uridyl transferase forms a pyrophosphate intermediate in addition to UDP-glucose. In hepatocytes, a high level of insulin prevents the breakdown of this compound, a degradation promoted by glucagon. For 10 points, name this animal analogue of starch.
Output: Science
The Brecon Beacons are a mountain range in the south of this country, home to a type of mountain pony named for this nation. Its boundary with its eastern neighbor is mostly defined by Offa's Dike, which runs south from the River Dee to the Wye River. Its eight "Preserved Counties" include Gwent, Dyfed, and Glamorgan, the last of which includes its capital, which sits on the Bristol Channel. FTP what is this part of the United Kingdom bordering England on its east, with capital at Cardiff
Output: Social Science
The Cornolla kind of this feature are located on the Kurnell peninsula and the Akrotiri kind are located on Cyprus. Jockey's Ridge State Park in North Carolina contain many of these features and one named for Pyla, located north of Bordeaux, is the largest in Europe, while the San Luis Valley contains many of these features as a result of Lake Alamosa. The Baidan Jaran desert contains a number of (*) "star" types of these features and the Navajo formation in Zion Canyon is composed of  lithified Jurassic-era types of these features. For 10 points, identify these topological features which can be formed from gypsum, such as at White Sands National Monument.
Output: Social Science
Popular festivals in honor of this god include the Tubilustrium and the Equirria. His sacred animals were the woodpecker and wolf and his epithets included Gradivus and Ultor. His consort was the Sabine fertility goddess Nerio, but Ovid relates that he was tricked into sleeping with Anna Perenna. The chief temple of his sat on the Capitoline hill beside those of Jupiter and Quirinus, the latter of whom is associated with his son Romulus. FTP, name this Roman god of war often identified with the Greek Ares.
Output: Social Science
One of this man's short stories centers on an apparatus that inscribes men's bodies with the law they are accused of breaking. This author of "In the Penal Colony" wrote a novel containing the "Parable of the Man Before the Law"; in that novel, Joseph K. is executed despite committing no crime. One of this author's characters dies from an apple lodged in his back; that character, Gregor Samsa, discovers his transformation into a disgusting insect. For 10 points, name this Czech author of The Trial and "The Metamorphosis."
Output: Literature
His studies under tutors Jean Belmain and Sir John Cheke included an essay on the horrors of war excoriating the consequences of his father's war with France and an argument in French against the papal supremacy. John Foxe imagined him as a new King Josiah, purifying the temple by the burning of idolatrous images. Kett's rebels, angered by enclosure, and the Cornish rebels angered by his religious policy were put down by force. Power during his reign was held by the Duke of Somerset, who was named Lord Protector, and John Dudley, Duke of Northumberland, who attempt to secure his Protestant legacy by promoting the succession of Lady Jane Grey. FTP, name this son of Jane Seymour, the "boy king" who died, probably of tuberculosis, at the age of sixteen.
Output: History