niryuu/sni-each-converted huggingface dataset:
According to the myths of the Navajo and Pueblo, the world was created by an old woman who took the form of this creature. In the myth of the Lakota, dreamcatchers were created by a god in the shape of this animal named Iktomi. Another one of these creatures was a son of Asase Ya who brought back a leopard, snake, dwarf, and hornet before his father Nyame gave him all the (*) stories in the world. Athena turned a woman into one of these animals after she depicted the affairs of the gods in her weaving. In West African folklore, the trickster god Anansi was one of these creatures. For ten points, name this eight-legged animal that Arachne was turned into.
Output: Social Science
In Act I of this work, one character sings "Qual occhio al mondo" to compare the title character's eyes to those of the Marchesa Attavanti. Later in that act, he sings "La vita mi costasse, vi salver" to the brother of the Marchesa in agreeing to shelter him, although Angelotti later commits suicide in a well. In Act II, that savior sings "Vittoria" after hearing the results of the Battle of Marengo, and the antagonist sings "Mi dicon venal" when asked how to save his life for harboring Angelotti. Later, after the title character of this opera sings "Vissi d' arte", Spoletta is ordered to stage the execution of Cavaradossi, and the antagonist who issued this order is stabbed by that title character. For 10 points, what is this opera that ends with the title character jumping to her death, after the treachery of Baron Scarpia, composed by Giacomo Puccini
Output: Fine Arts
It was discovered in 1935, though the receptor for this hormone has not yet been identified. The action of this hormone is hypothesized to develop through the action of dwarf1, a G protein, dwarf2 and sleepy1, both F-box proteins, and PICKLE, a chromatin remodeling factor, leading to degradation of the DELLA proteins. Generally containing a four-ringed diterpenoid structure and synthesized in the apical meristem, one of its important function is to mobilize sugar from starch by induction of amylase in the aleurone layer, thus inducing seed germination. Differing from auxin in that it never inhibits growth, FTP, name this plant hormone which promotes stem and leaf growth.
Output: Science
He presented a concrete and abstract theory of motion in his New Physical Hypothesis, while his other early works include a translation of the Theatetus and a dialogue, Pacidius Philalethi, which deals with the labyrinth of the continuum. He concluded that "love of God" is our greatest good in his essay "The Principles of Nature and Grace," while another of his late works concludes that under a perfect government no good act would be unrewarded, and no bad deed unpunished. Those works were both written in 1714, and the first was prepared for Prince Eugene of Savoy. In response to Coste's French translation of a major English work on epistemology, this man wrote his New Essays on the Human Understanding. FTP, name this German philosopher of the Theodicy and the Monadology.
Output: Social Science
This author's time in Honduras after fleeing an embezzlement conviction provided material for his collection Cabbages and Kings, and Ward McAllister's assertion that there were only four hundred people in New York City who were worth noticing prompted this man to write the collection The Four Million. This man wrote about Della Young's selling of her hair to buy a watch chain for her husband and James Young's selling his watch to buy combs for his wife. For 10 points, name this short story writer of ""The Gift of the Magi. ""
Output: Literature
The title group of one of this man's stories represents all nations and is led by Don Alejandro, who eventually orders a huge stack of books to be burnt. In another of his stories, a man plans to engage in a knife fight in the title region, which may be a dream as he had earlier been dying of septicemia. This author of "The Congress" and "The South" wrote a story in which a character mentions a riddle whose answer is chess and whose central character is pursued by Captain Madden. This man wrote about Carlos Argentino Daneri, who sees the entire universe through the title entity, as well as about the sinologist Stephen Albert, who is killed by Yu Tsun, allowing the Germans to bomb an artillery park. For 10 points, name this author of "The Aleph" and "The Garden of Forking Paths."
Output: Literature
Sutter Green is named after one member of this society, and one of its leaders, John Kelly, was a trustee of the savings bank located across from this society's headquarters. William Leggett led the Locofocos who opposed this organization, and its leaders included Charles Francis Murray and its founder, William Mooney. In political cartoons, this group was often represented as a tiger, and one of its leaders was represented as a man with a moneybag in place of his head by cartoonist Thomas Nast. For 10 points, name this Democratic Party political machine which heavily influenced New York politics under the leadership of bosses like William Tweed.
Output: History
This author created an elderly beach-goer who sees several menacing red-headed men. The title character of another work by this author murders the fascist hypnotist Cipolla. This author, who created a character who becomes obsessed with the Polish boy Tadzio, wrote of another character who converses with Clavdia Chauchat and Leo Naphta while staying at an alpine sanatorium. Gustav von Aschenbach and Hans Castorp are creations of this author of Mario and the Magician. For 10 points, name this author of Death in Venice and The Magic Mountain.
Output: Literature
A distinction between whether actions or common laws best create ideal conditions lead to the "act" and "rule" positions within this philosophical school. Characteristics like "fecundity," "intensity," and "extent" should be measured before one acts according to the "hedonic calculus" posited by this movement's founder, Jeremy Bentham. FTP John Stuart Mill wrote a book titled for what philosophy, which argues that one's actions should minimize suffering and maximize happiness
Output: Social Science
His son Dryas was killed with an axe wielded by another of his sons, the brother of Dryas and father of Itys. Another two of his sons took up the custom of challenging to a chariot race all suitors for the hands of their daughters Marpessa and Hippodameia, and killing the losers. His son by Cyrene died when Heracles clubbed him and fed him to his own livestock. In addition to Tereus, Evenus, Oenomaus and Bistonian Diomedes, he was the father by Aphrodite of Cadmuss wife Harmonia, as well as two of his battle companions, Phobos and Deimos. FTP name this Greek god of war.
Output: Social Science
To make this molecule, bactoprenol chauffeurs N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid through a membrane. Lysozyme continually breaks its NAG-NAM connections, while penicillin binds to proteins that provide cross-links between strands, and thus causes the cell to lyse when it tries to reproduce. Gram negative bacteria use lipoprotein anchors to hold it to the outer membrane, while Gram positive bacteria are surrounded by about forty layers of this molecule, which is also known as murein. FTP, name this polymer that makes up prokaryotic cell walls.
Output: Science
In weddings in this religion, the bride and groom consult a clearness committee and exchange declarations. Children in this religion are taught to live by the acronym SPICES. Isaac Crewdson's writings caused the Beaconite split in this religion, which in its early existence was led by a group called the "Valiant Sixty". Yearly gatherings in East Africa led to Kenya becoming home to the largest population of this religion's members. The Richmond Declaration is an important text in this sect, which saw an early split between the Wilburites and Gurneyites. Central tenets of this non-Mormon sect include continuous revelation and the "priesthood of all believers". Its members, who participate in either "programmed" or "unprogrammed" worship and use "plain speech", believe they reflect the "inner light" of God. For 10 points, name this Christian denomination founded by George Fox, whose members tremble before God.
Output: Social Science
This city was formerly home to the Monastery of Gastia, which has now been converted for other purposes, but it is still home to the Monastery of Stoudios. One church in this city was founded by St. Pulcheria. This city contains two churches operated by the Bulgarian Orthodox Church: one named for St. Demetrius, and another made out of cast iron and named for St. Stephen. A 13th century church here is named St. Mary of the Mongols because it was founded by a local princess who had married a Mongol prince from the Ilkhanate before being tragically widowed. The Three Chapters controversy was adjudicated by a council at this city, and Nestorianism was condemned by another council here, and Anastasius was a Patriarch of this city who played a crucial role in one of its largest religious scandals. For ten points, name this city home to Iconoclasm and to the Hagia Sophia.
Output: Social Science
The time when this composer heard a flute player repeat a four note theme for two and a half hours inspired his orchestral suite "Beni Mora", while the works of Keats were the basis for his "First Choral Symphony". A symphony trombonist, he developed an austere style in works like "Egdon Heath" and the opera "At the Boar's Head", and gained acclaim for the "St Paul's Suite" and the operas "The Perfect Fool" and "Savitri", the latter of which stemmed from an interest in Hindu themes that prompted him to learn Sanskrit. FTP, who is this British composer probably best known for a seven-part orchestral suite entitled "The Planets"
Output: Fine Arts
Thomas McClintock helped chair this meeting, which sparked a National Convention two years later in Worcester, Massachusetts and saw speeches by Samuel Tillman and Ansel Bascom. Newspaper editor Gordon Bennet ridiculed this meeting by publishing its proceedings in the New York Herald, and it was sparked by an extension of the state property tax. This meeting was organized at Richard Hunt's tea table in the nearby village of Waterloo and took place in a Wesleyan church. The Declaration of Independence was modified to form its namesake Declaration of Sentiments. For ten points, Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Stanton organized which 1848 convention on women's rights
Output: History
Its failure to conjugate glucuronic acid with albumin bound bilirubin can result in jaundice and it is site of the production of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol from Vitamin D. Fatty acids are metabolized here through beta oxidation and it can phosphorylate and store glucose in the form of glycogen. For 10 points, what is the multi-lobed organ which utilizes its cystic ducts to transport bile to the gallbladder and is the target of various hepatitis viruses.
Output: Science
This quantity for an atomic nucleus is determined using Weizscker's [VAHYTS-zek-uhrs] formula. The no hair theorem states black holes are completely characterized by their angular momentum, charge, and this quantity. The oscillation period of a spring equals two pi times the square root of this quantity over the spring constant. The theoretical value of this quantity for gluons is zero. Linear momentum equals this quantity times velocity. For 10 points, name this quantity measured in kilograms.
Output: Science
By averaging this quantity, the reduction of a certain intermolecular function to an angle-independent form for polar fluids can be performed in order to express conformal-solution theory. For liquid metals, the upper bound of this quantity can be obtained by the Gibbs-Bogoliubov inequality. It is equal to the negative product of Boltzmann's constant, temperature, and the natural log of the partition function. The change in this quantity is equal to the maximum work accompanying a process, and it is defined as internal energy minus the product of temperature and entropy. For 10 points, name this quantity symbolized by either A or F, a type of free energy named for a German scientist.
Output: Science
He developed an interest in the supernatural soon before he died, producing such works as The Political History of the Devil and An Essay on the History and Reality of Apparitions--years after he wrote such early English ghost stories as "The Ghost of Dorothy Dingley. "  He wrote the mock ode "A Hymn to the Pillory" in prison in 1703, soon after writing the satiric poem "The Shortest Way with the Dissenters," but is better known for the Jounral of the Plague Year and the novel Moll Flanders. For 10 points- name this Englishman who retold the story of Alexander Selkirk in his novel Robinson Crusoe.
Output: Literature
This architect used a giant sculpture of binoculars as both the pedestrian and vehicle entrance of his Chiat/Day Building. He created a building originally nicknamed Fred and Ginger after Fred Astaire and Ginger Rodgers. This architect included the "Sky Church" room in one building and he designed the Pritzker Pavilion in Millennium Park. In addition to designing the Dancing House of Prague he designed the Pritzker Pavilion for Millennium Park. Jeff Koons' sculpture Puppy lies outside one of his best known buildings, which was built along the Nervion River and is made of reflective titanium panels resembling fish scales. For 10 points, name this Canadian architect who designed the Walt Disney Concert Hall in Los Angeles and the Guggenheim in Bilbao.
Output: Fine Arts
This person lost a good deal of popularity for supporting the Burlingame Treaty against a piece legislation passed fourteen years after that treatys signing. This leaders first Secretary of State inaugurated the Pan-American Conference and his second proposed a treaty to annex Hawaii. The high degree of legislative spending during this persons administration was used against him in his reelection campaign, in which he was accused of complicity in the Billion-Dollar Congress, which passed the Chinese Exclusion Act and Sherman Anti-Trust Act. This Presidents Naval Secretary was Benjamin Franklin Tracy, his Secretaries of State were John Watson Foster and James G. Blaine, and his Vice President was Levi Morton. For 10 points, name this twenty-third President of the United States.
Output: History
This countrys ruler Kaleb invaded southern Arabia and ruled there until 525, and a century later, Armah gave asylum to early Muslims. Kassa Halyu had himself crowned Emperor Theodore II in 1855, and was succeeded by Johannes, who was himself succeeded by the signer of the Treaty of Ucciali. Starting in 1527, this country was overrun by Muslims led by Harar, and many of this countrys Falashas were repatriated to their religious homeland of (*) Israel in 1991 as part of Operation Solomon. This country was ruled by the Zagwe dynasty for 300 years after the fall of the Kingdom of Aksum, and in medieval Europe, this country was associated with the Christian kingdom of Prester John. Other famous rulers include Lij Yasu, Menelik II, and Haile Selassie. FTP, name this eastern African nation, formerly known as Abyssinia, with capital at Addis Ababa.
Output: History
Blood from the Splenic vein joins the mesenteric veins before flowing into this organ. This organ is one of the only internal organs that is capable of regeneration if a large part of it is removed, making it easier to transplant. In addition to being the largest gland in the human body, this organ is also the largest internal organ. For ten points, name this four-lobed organ that is responsible for releasing bile and breaking down toxic substances and is the target of the hepatitis disease.
Output: Science
Gombrich contends that this work intentionally obscures the corners of the mouth and eyes. Jean-Jacques Comtet has claimed this works subject was hemiplegic, while Kenneth Adour suggested Bells palsy. It was the subject of Andy Warhols Thirty are Better than One and a Magritte painting that shares its name. Contemporary sources hold that it is a portrait of the wife of Francesco del Giocondo. For ten points, identify this Da Vinci painting of a woman with an enigmatic smile.
Output: Literature
An unrelated Indian group with this name was founded in 1881 by John Slocum, who believed that he had visited heaven in a coma. This group had its origins in the work of Jane and James Wardley, and Richard McNemar wrote the earliest defense of this group's ideals, the 1807 Kentucky Revival. Some of their characteristics may have been adopted from the Camisards. Joseph Meachem and Lucy Wright instituted their rules of social organization, including communal living and celibacy. One of their communities is located in Sabbathday Lake Village, Maine. One member wrote "by turning, turning we come round right," in the poem "Simple Gifts. " FTP name this Quaker sect founded by Mother Ann Lee.
Output: Social Science
This man's second symphony introduced electronic instruments to imitate radio signals, and a reading of "Prometheus Unbound" inspired his Music for a Scene from Shelley. His neoclassical works include the Capricorn Concerto, while he experimented with atonality in Prayers of Kierkegaard. He received a Pulitzer Prize for an opera in which Anatol seduces Erika, while another of his works is written in "arch" form and comes from the second movement of his first string quartet. For 10 points, name this American composer who used a text by James Agee in his Knoxville: Summer of 1915, and who created the opera Vanessa and the Adagio for Strings.
Output: Fine Arts
One character in this work bursts into laughter upon seeing some of the fashions worn in Oklahoma City and later declares his intention to study radios before wandering off along the river. That character, Connie, is married to the sister of the protagonist of this work, and that sister gives birth to a stillborn child before using her milk to nurse a starving man back to health at the end of this work. This work opens with the protagonist getting out of prison and meeting Jim Casy. For 10 pointsname this work, containing such characters as Rose of Sharon and Tom Joad, a novel of the Great Depression by John Steinbeck.
Output: Fine Arts
An immigration act passed as part of this program abolished the national-origins quota system. A speech regarding this program stated that ""it is a place where man can renew contact with nature,"" and stated that it was meant to prevent an ""Ugly America. "" That speech establishing this plan was delivered at the University of Michigan. Among the other programs associated with it include Head Start, Job Corps, and Medicare. For 10 points, name this domestic program of President Lyndon B. Johnson.
Output: History
Henri Bergson wrote a dissertation on this man's "Conception of Place," and Porphyry penned the Isogage, a commentary on one of this man's works. Roger Bacon's Opus Major and Opus Minor criticized this man, and he wrote a work that states that young men are not well-suited to listen to discussions of right and wrong. Another of his works defines nature as a principle of change, while another contrasts the theories of Hippodemus and Plato. He also wrote a work that emphasizes plot and claims that recognition is the key to producing catharsis. For 10 points, name this philosopher of the Nichomachean Ethics, Physics, Politics, and Poetics.
Output: Social Science
In the same year, the scientists behind this experiment corrected the work function for tungsten by taking into account the Schottky effect. A second test conducted by the scientists behind this experiment noted that there was no change in polarization, and the insulation in the apparatus was too weak to use a retarding potential. Fadley modified the apparatus to allow molecular beam epitaxial growth, and part of the interpretation relied on a formula that gives the index of refraction in terms of the bombarding potential. Changing the angle of the detector gave a maximum at 50 degrees, while another component was previously determined to have a plane spacing of 2. 15 angstroms on its {111}-face, leading to a wavelength of 165 nm according to Bragg's Law. Performed at Bell Labs and used to test the de Broglie relation, for 10 points, name this experiment where a beam of electrons was fired at a Nickel target, a proof of wave-particle duality.
Output: Science
was originally used to describe a wave function in momentum space for a wave with definite momentum. The integral from -1 to 1 of this function of 1 over x is zero. An infinite series of evenly spaced ones is called a (*) comb, and the Fourier transform of that construct is another comb. The convolution of a function with this one simply yields the original function. It was first rigorously defined mathematically by Laurent Schwartz. The integral of a function "f" multiplied by this function centered at point "a" is f(a) ("f of a"), and it is the derivative of a step function named after Heaviside. For 10 points, name this "improper" function with zero width, infinite height, and area one, often used to describe a sharp impulse.
Output: Science
This man illustrated a 1930 edition of Apollonaire's Calligrammes. One painting by this man shows two figures, one clad in red and one in blue, standing in front of a wall, behind which the top of a sail is visible. Another painting by this man shows a large amount of bananas sitting in front of a headless statue. This artist behind The Enigma of the Arrival in the Afternoon and The Uncertainty of the Poet  depicted a green (*) ball below a Greek sculpture of a head next to an orange glove in his The Song of Love, and he showed two mannequins in The Disquieting Muses. This artist is perhaps most famous for a painting that shows a girl rolling a hoop with a stick down a long street. For 10 points, name this Italian founder of the Metaphysical art movement, the artist of Mystery and Melancholy of a Street.
Output: History
This work's composer had to borrow music from Friedrich Burgmuller's Memories of Ratisbonne to create the "Peasant Pas de Deux" in the first act to accommodate a last minute request from one of his patrons' mistresses to participate in the show. One oft-performed dance from this ballet was interpolated by Cesare Pugni from the ballet Cupid's Prank, while many modern performances include the "Pas Seul" and "Grand Paus de Deux" composed by Leon Minkus. In this ballet's first act the "Grape-Pickers' March" occurs right before the Princess of Courland, Bathilde, gives the protagonist a necklace. In the first act of this work the main character picks petals from a daisy to determine the sincerity the love of a man pretending to be a peasant named Loys. In the final act Hilarion is thrown to his death in a lake by a group led by Queen Myrtha, while the title character of this ballet ultimately saves her lover Albrecht from the evil Wilis. For 10 points, name this romantic ballet about a peasant girl composed by Adolphe Adam.
Output: Fine Arts
The 2,3- rearrangement of this name makes homoallylic alcohols from allyl ethers. The better-known reaction of this name involves a betaine intermediate, especially under conditions of excess lithium salts in the (*) Schlosser modification. For 10 points give the common name of these two reactions, the better-known of which is a synthesis of alkenes from carbonyl compounds using phosphonium ylides.
Output: Science
This reaction is similar to the Blanc Reaction, which typically creates chloro-methylated compounds, and it makes ready use of ionic liquids. It can be extended to apply to coumarins, and the same type of product is created by a Fries Rearrangement. Sometimes performed in connection with a Prins cyclization, it must be carried out with more than one equivalent of Al-Cl3 to avoid complexing, and one variant of it is often employed as a two-step process ending in reduction of the carbonyl group that is attached. FTP, name this reaction which can be an acylation or an alkylation, depending on what type of group is added to the benzene ring, named for two chemists.
Output: Science
The anion of this compound attacks a trialkylboron compound to produce boric acid and an anti-Markonikov alcohol in Brown hydroboration-oxidation. Alkyl derivatives of this compound also promote anti-Markonikov addition of hydrobromic acid to alkenes because its weak single bond is a radical initiator. Iron and this compound oxidize wastewater in Fenton's reagent. It spontaneously disproportionates because its central atom's oxidation state is -1. Superoxide dismutases synthesize oxygen and this compound. In response, catalase breaks down this compound in namesake organelles in the liver. For 10 points, name this disinfectant with formula H2O2.
Output: Science
When this man tricked everyone into thinking he wanted to kill his family, his son was able to pretend to defect to the neighboring town of Gabii, leading to its annexation. Ill omens stopped this man from closing a temple to the god Terminus, but he closed many other temples to build his major construction project, paid for by the capture of Suessa Pometia from the Volscians. This man allied with Octavius Mamilius of Tusculum and later with Lars Porsenna of Clusium, and his accomplishments include clearing Capitoline Hill to build the Temple of Jupiter. Two of his sons were sent to visit an oracle, after which their servant touched the ground with his lips to fulfill a prophecy about kissing your mother. For ten points, name this King of Rome overthrown by Lucius Junius Brutus after his son raped Lucretia.
Output: History
In ancient times it was called Nevo and the route from the Varangians to the Greeks passed through it. Cities such as Korela and Oreshek were later founded on its shores and the Konevsky and Valaamsky monasteries can be found on islands within it. The Vuoska and Volkho rivers are two of the over 30 rivers that drain into it, while the Neva is its major outlet. Part of the Volga-Baltic water route from the river Svir, it is located in the Karelia region, northeast of St. Petersburg. FTP, identify this body of water, St. Petersburg's lifeline during World War II and the largest lake in Europe.
Output: Social Science
Its presence would increase the probability of a hyperchromic shift and decrease the melting temperature. Its namesake N-glycosylase always recognizes it as a mistake to be replaced via excision repair. The product of deamination from cytosine, which causes the disappearance of G-C base pairs from DNA, this pyrimidine is abundant even if folic acid is deficient. Isolated from herring sperm, FTP name this nucleotide base that pairs with adenine, but only in RNA.
Output: Science
Azlactone intermediates are formed when alpha-amino acids react with acetic anhydrides to produce these in the Dakin-West reaction, while the large ring alicyclic type are produced by the Ruzicka synthesis. Aromatic forms of these are created using organic nitriles in the Houben-Hoesch reaction, and also form from esters in the Fries rearrangement. The methyl type produces a positive result in the iodoform test, and unlike a similar compound, these almost always give a negative result when reacted with Tollens' reagent. Produced by the oxidation of secondary alcohols, for 10 points, name this type of organic compound consisting of a carbonyl attached to two carbon atoms, whose simplest example is acetone.
Output: Science
Henry Gissey depicted this man wearing gold and taking a ballet pose in a painting of him as Apollo. St. Martin's Abbey and the spire of St. Brice can be seen in a depiction of this man's army camp in a painting by Adam Fran van der Meulen, and his army is seen crossing the Rhine in a painting by Joseph Parrocel. His family surround him as mythological characters in a depiction by Jean Nocret and he was the subject of various busts and sculptures by Antoine Coysevox. His visits to Gobelins factory as well as his resolution of his war with the Dutch were painted by Charles Le Brun, who also painted this man's apotheosis. Another depiction of this man shows him surrounded by a canopy of red and gold, while he wears an ermine lined robe of dark blue, decorated with the golden fleur de lis of the Bourbon family. The subject of various portraits by Hyacinthe Rigaud, for 10 points, name this King of France.
Output: Fine Arts
The Ripon (RIP-uhn) Falls at the outflow of this body of water are now submerged. Its features include the Winam (WIN-am) Gulf and the Sese (SAY-SAY) archipelago. Its Speke (SPEAK) Gulf is named for one explorer of this lake. Much of the water coming into this lake goes through the Kagera (kuh-GAIR-uh) River. Kampala (KAHM-pah-lah), the capital of Uganda, is located nearby. This lake's only outlet is the Nile. For 10 points, name this largest lake by surface area in Africa, named for a British monarch.
Output: Social Science
One character in this play orders another to precisely place a stool. One character in this play struggles to remove his boots at the play's opening as another examines his hat. At the end of this play, the characters resolve to leave but do not move. Characters in this play say "quaquaquaqua" and "nothing to be done." This play's scenery contains a single (*) tree, and at one point Pozzo enters while leading Lucky on a leash. The title character never appears, despite Estragon and Vladimir performing the title action for two days. For 10 points, name this absurdist "tragicomedy in two acts" by Samuel Beckett.
Output: Literature
One ruler of this dynasty killed his childhood friend by hitting him with a game board, and this dynasty's Emperor Jing dealt with the Rebellion of the Seven States. This dynasty, which underwent a massive expansion under Emperor Wudi, was founded by Liu Bang. This dynasty was cut into two periods after Wang Mang created the Xin Dynasty. The Taoist Zhang Jue led an insurrection against this dynasty that was put down by its general Cao Cao, that was the Yellow Turban Rebellion. FTP, name this Chinese dynasty that ruled until 200 A.D. and shares its name with the predominant ethnic group of China.
Output: History
This man told the story of the creation of the world to Hnossa while her mother was searching for her husband. Among the possessions of this mythological being, who lives in the Heavens Palace or Sky Mountain, includes the sword Hofund and his horse Gulltopp. The son of the nine daughters of Aegir, this god, with the nicknames of Vindhlr, meaning wind shelter, and Gullintanni, meaning golden-toothed, recovered Brisingamen after it was stolen from Freya. Even though he sacrificed an ear to drink from Mimir's well, this god has extraordinary hearing, which he uses to hear the grass grow. FTP, identify this Norse mythological figure who will blow Gjallahorn at Ragnarok, the guardian of Bifrost bridge.
Output: Social Science
It was somewhat overlooked in its time due the naval Battle of Beachy Head, which occurred at the same time. A large amount of troops here were separated from each other by a deep ravine near Roughgrange, a landform that neither side knew existed. That mistake cost the losing side its cannons. The actual fighting broke out at Oldbridge, where George Walker and the second-in-command of the winning side, the Duke of Shomberg, were killed. The Dutch Blue Guard managed to force its way across this battle's namesake feature. The winning side had the help of infantry from the region of Ulster known as Inniskillingers, while much of the losing army in this battle had been raised by Richard Talbot, First Earl of Tyrconnel in an attempt to reclaim the landholdings lost by Catholics in Ireland during the event which this battle prevented from being reversed, the Glorious Revolution. For 10 points, name this 1690 battle that took place in Ireland, in which William III of England crushed the former James II near the namesake river. 
Output: History
This man opposed the economics-first program advocated by an earlier leader who wrote Stadium and Light. This man's followers secured the passage of certain acts that ended the noble exemption from taxation and the practice of extracting "robot" labor that are known variously as the March Laws or April Laws. A bust of this person can be found in United States Capitol with the subtitle "Freedom Fighter," and he claimed to have learned English by studying Shakespeare in jail. This editor of the Pesti Hirlap proclaimed independence in Debrecen, but Viscount Canning had to negotiate this man's exile at Shumen in Ottoman-controlled Bulgaria following the defeat of the Revolutions of 1848. For 10 points, name this man who sought autonomy from the Hapsburgs, the national hero of Hungary. 
Output: History
He picks up an old copy of Liberty and reads Can Germany Conquer the World Through the Air, after which another character tells him Von Richtmans circus is between here and Saulier. His book on streptothricosis is dubbed a brilliant performance by Pritchard-Mitford after he pulls on his gloves to operate on Wellington McMillan. He declares he could have killed Gregory Fitzhurst at three hundred feet with his left hand before deciding to go to a small A&P, having said Puppy biscuit to himself. After picking up his wife from the hairdressers, he begins to think again, perhaps about using his Webley-Vickers automatic to fight in a war, as he had daydreamed earlier. FTP, name this title character of a short story by James Thurber.
Output: Literature
The central character, a resident of the San Bernadino Arms, falls in with such characters as Harry, a purveyor of homemade silver polish, and Miguel, a Mexican breeder of fighting cocks. There's also Abe Kusich, a dwarf horse player, and Earle Stroop, an unsuccessful cowboy actor. This novel famously ends with a riot at the Persian Palace during which Homer Simpson likely dies and the protagonist Tod Hackett, barely escapes. FTP, name this short novel by Nathaniel West.
Output: Literature
This artist's name was used in sculpture designed in response to criticisms by William Tucker and  Anthony Caro: that Bruce Nauman sculpture suggests hands tied behind a back and is named This  artist Bound to Fail. One of this artists' works, which stands in a pool outside of the House of Cultures of the World in Berlin, is entitled Large Divided Oval: Butterfly, and another sculpture by him is an abstract (*) form that rises up in the hollowed out interior of another, entitled Large Upright  Internal/External Form. This artist created a series of six casts of his Draped Seated Woman, and was heavily influenced by a Mayan sculptural form known as the Chac Mool. For 10 points, name this British  sculptor of a series of Reclining Figures.
Output: Fine Arts
Dupuis traced the characteristics of St. Peter back to the ancient mythology of this deity, including both figures' associations with a rod. A temple devoted to this deity in Argiletum has his hands pointed in a position some say maybe represents the number 355, and he was once associated with Ani. This deity claimed that he used to be called Chaos because he was "of the first world", and in one story, he successfully pursues Cardea. Sometimes called Clusius or Patulcius in ancient times, he was said to have caused a volcanic eruption to prevent retribution for the Rape of the Sabine Women. Celebrated by Ovid as "the only god who is able to see behind him", the doors to his temple were probably kept open during times of war. For 10 points, identify this two-faced Roman deity, who gives his name to the first month of the Roman calendar.
Output: Social Science
This man became head of a special committee which impeached the Earl of Oxford and Viscount Bolingbroke, who had been responsible for sending this man to the Tower of London. He grew unpopular when he pardoned John Porteous, and Robert Jacomb had earlier saved this man from financial disaster. He reluctantly declared war on Spain to start the War of Jenkins' Ear. He also brought down the Peerage Bill, but rose to his most famous position due to his handling of the South Sea Bubble as First Lord of the Treasury, which led George II to make him leader of the House of Commons. For ten points, name this first prime minister of the United Kingdom.
Output: History
The Saptarishi granted a prince named Dhruva immortality as a star for his devotion to this figure, whose worship is the subject of the Bhagavata Purana. Six ways of surrendering to this figure are detailed in the Pancharatra, which also outlines the five manifestations of this figure. Followers of this god often wear a u-shaped tilaka made of mud on their foreheads. Many brahmin devotees of this god follow the teachings of (*) Ramanuja. This god is often depicted holding the Kaumodaki mace and a conch shell, and in one incarnation, this god becomes ruler of Ayodhya after rescued his wife from Ravana. This god rides the giant bird Garuda and his ten avatars include Rama and Krishna. For 10 points, name this Hindu preserver god who forms the trimurti with Brahma and Shiva.
Output: Social Science
In 2012, this artist was confirmed to have been the painter of Off Margate, Margate Jetty, and The Beacon Light, three works previously believed to have been fakes. Two tall trees appear to the right while two mythical figures look out to sea in this artist's The Bay of Baiae with Apollo and the Sibyll. The Tomb of Sychaeus is visible on the right bank of a dividing river in a canvas by this artist that shows a scene from the Aeneid. This artist of Dido Building Carthage used a wave of darkness to represent a snow storm assailing the army of Hannibal. He depicted a small rabbit in the bottom right of a painting depicting a train crossing the Maidenhead Railway Bridge, and he showed struggling captives being thrown overboard in a painting whose light source comes from a characteristically fiery sunset. For 10 points, name this British painter of Rain, Steam and Speed and The Slave Ship.
Output: Fine Arts
One of this man's works features the 9/8 theme of its namesake creature; that work was a solo flute piece for Sacha Derek's La Mauvaise Pense called The Dance of the Goat. His collaborations with Albert Willemetz include the operettas Les Petites Cardinales and Les Aventures du roi Pausole, while his choral works include one commissioned by Ida Rubenstein that features the ondes martenot and one that features a children's chorus singing carols. In addition to Joan of Arc at the Stake and Christmas Cantata, he composed a "symphonic psalm" to a libretto by Rene Morax, Le Roi David. The third of his "symphonic movements" was unnamed and received less attention than the first two, which were an expression of the "pulsating action" of a football match and a depiction of a cross-country train in motion. For 10 points, identify this Swiss-French composer and member of Les Six whose works include Rugby and Pacific 231.
Output: Fine Arts
This thinker engaged in a conflict with the satirical newspaper The Corsair and he stated that "truth is subjectivity." This philosopher proposed three stages of life including the aesthetic and religious, while one of his works contains the section "The Seducer's Diary." This philosopher examined the (*) teleological suspension of the ethical which allowed one person to become a knight of faith rather than infinite resignation; that example involves Abraham and Isaac. Johannes Climacus and Victor Eremita are among this thinker's pseudonyms. For 10 points, name this philosopher of the Danish golden age who wrote Either/Or andFear and Trembling.
Output: Social Science
One work by this person features a desolate landscape with a needle-based top supporting a humanoid, blood-colored lattice with hands and green hair, while another has a hand in a black pyramid attached by strings to a yellow crescent and a creature consisting of two joined waist-down human forms. In addition to the aforementioned Ubu Imperator and to Men Shall Know Nothing of This, this artists works include a painting of himself, Paul luard, and Andr Breton witnessing the Virgin chastising Jesus; Piet or Revolution by Night; and Une Semaine de Bont, a book of collages made of encyclopedias. This author of the treatise Beyond Painting started the Cologne school of Dada. For ten points, identify this former husband of Peggy Guggenheim, a German Surrealist who discovered and utilized artistic techniques like grattage and frottage.
Output: Fine Arts
A poem by this man claims that the title object is "a resounding haven where in great waves / My   soul can drink the scent." This poet claims that the only thing "more ugly, more wicked, more filthy"  than "crawling monsters" is ennui [ahn-wee] in a poem that calls the reader a hypocrite. This poet of   "The Head of Hair" described a figure that will "nonchalantly chaperone a ship / across the bitter  fathoms of the sea". A collection by this poet of "To the Reader" contains one poem that begins  "Old Pluvius, month of rains" and another that begins "When the low heavy sky weighs like a lid",  both of which are titled "Spleen". Name this poet whose work "The Albatross" is found, like all of  his poems, in Les Fleurs du Mal [lay floor du mahl], or The Flowers of Evil.
Output: Literature
The "Preambule" of one of this man's works was adapted from his unfinished Variations on a Theme of Schubert. That work by this man also features several movements named for commedia dell'arte characters, ends with the "March of the League of David Against the Philistines", and references the hometown of this composer's fiancee Ernestine von Fricken with the musical cryptogram ASCH. That work by this man also features appearances by two characters he created for his critical writings, Eusebius and Florestan. The second movement of another of his works is based on a landler, while that work's final movement depicted a scene this man had witnessed at the Cologne Cathedral. Many of his piano works were dedicated to his future wife Clara. For 10 points, identify this composer of Carnaval and the Spring and Rhenish symphonies.
Output: Fine Arts
21 (Tiebreaker). In part of this work, three men sleep under an oak tree and later drink poison wine while searching for Death. In one section of this work, Nicholas tell a carpenter, John, that a second Great Flood is coming so that he can sleep with(*) John's wife Alisoun. That story follows another in which Arcite and Palamon fight over which of them get to marry Emily, and those are told by The Miller and The Knight. For 10 points, name this work, in which pilgrims on their way to the shrine of St. Thomas Becket tell each other stories, by Geoffrey Chaucer.
Output: Literature
Notably, one of these entities is absent in the Leishmania mexicana GPI8 protein, and abnormally low numbers of pericytes occur if one is missing from PDGF. Binding of 14-3-3 proteins to GABAB ["Gabba-sub-bee"] receptors does not occur when two arginines are mutated to alanine in one of these entities, which also binds to the COPI complex. They are usually C-terminal signals, and a common mammalian one consists of the amino acids lysine, aspartate, gluatamate, and leucine, or KDEL. hnRNP C proteins contain one of them that allows them to override nuclear export signals. For 10 points, name these signals important in directing proteins to the correct membranes, most often used to prevent a protein's export from the endoplasmic reticulum. 
Output: Science
This thinker examined the use of analogy using the grammatically similar sentences "A has a gold tooth" and "A has a toothache." This thinker was inspired by the way traffic courts in Paris model car accidents with toy cars to propose his "picture theory," which was included in work that begins "The world is all that is the case."  This author of the (*) Blue and Brown Books argued that "What we cannot speak of we must pass over in silence" and refuted the possibility of a private language using  the example of a beetle in a box. For ten points, name this Austrian philosopher whose works include Philosophical Investigations and Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus.
Output: Social Science
Works during this man's Serialist period include the choral work The Dove Descending Breaks the Air and Threni along with a piece commemorating the poet Dylan Thomas. Early in his career he wrote songs such as "The Fairy's Kiss" and The Faun and the Shepherdess along with a popular concerto for orchestra known as Fireworks. His operatic works include the one-act work Rossignol and an opera about Nick Shadow with a libretto by W.H. Auden, The Rake's Progress, but he is better known for his Psalm Symphony and ballets like Petruschka. FTP, name this Russian composer of The Rite of Spring and The Firebird.
Output: Fine Arts
One of these organisms was the basis of the rII system used by Benzer for single nucleotide mapping,\n and the cosmid uses elements derived from one of these organisms. The first stretch of DNA ever\n sequenced by Frederick Sanger was from one type of this organism, dubbed phi X, and the Luria-Delbruck\n experiment used them to show that mutations are spontaneous. Another experiment using them labeled\n their DNA with phosphorus-32 and their proteins with sulfur-35 in order to show that nucleic acids are the\n material of heredity; that experiment was performed by Hershey and Chase using the T4 type. For 10\n points, name these viruses which infect bacteria.
Output: Science
This statement can be derived by taking the natural log of a one-electron redox reaction written using Boltzmann factors. This equation can be generalized by considering multiple ions flowing across a cell membrane, a situation described by Hodgkin, Katz and Goldman. A term containing the gas constant times temperature over Faraday's constant is subtracted from the standard half-cell reduction potential in this equation. Typically applied to Galvanic cells, it is named for a German chemist. For 10 points, name this electrochemical equation which determines the equilibrium reduction potential of a half-cell.
Output: Science
This artist painted one work which depicts St. John dressed in a blue robe lifting his arms to the air as naked spirits rise to Heaven in the background. This artist painted his own son into the bottom left of one of his works. That work is divided into heavenly and earthly zones and depicts Saints Stephen and Augustine holding the title deceased figure. This man painted a landscape of his city during a storm. For 10 points, name this Spanish painter of The Burial of Count Orgaz and View of Toledo whose name refers to his Greek origins.
Output: Fine Arts
One of this thinker's works states that the "good life" is a "process of movement" characterized by "openness to experience" and "an increasing Trust in His Organism. " This psychologist developed the Q-sort technique in order to enable individuals to identify differences between their "perceived" and "ideal" selves. This psychologist developed a system of therapy in which the therapist refrains from explanation while encouraging patients to speak freely about their problems through unconditional positive regard. The author of A Way of Being and On Becoming a Person, for 10 points, name this humanistic psychologist who developed client-centered therapy.
Output: Social Science
A converter named for this concept is in cars with automatic transmissions instead of a clutch,   allowing drivers to use the brakes without harming the car. To find this quantity on a loop of wire,  start with the product of current times vector area, and cross that with the external magnetic field.  Work can be found by integrating this quantity with respect to angle, and this quantity is equal to  the time derivative of angular momentum. Name this quantity equal to both moment of inertia times  angular acceleration and to position vector cross force, the rotational analogue of force.
Output: Science
The Yamana are the only still extant native tribe from this region. Though not in Mexico, this region includes Lapataia and Ensenada Bays. One mountain range in this region is known as the Cordillera Darwin. The city of Ushuaia in this region calls itself the ""End of the World,"" lies on the Beagle Channel, and is the southernmost city in the world. For 10 points, name this region between the Strait of Magellan and the Drake Passage, which is split between Chile and Argentina and whose name literally means ""land of fire. ""
Output: Social Science