niryuu/sni-each-converted huggingface dataset:
This event makes use of a garment consisting of two sheets of unhemmed white cloth known as the ihram. One rite during this event is performed from Jamaraat Bridge. The Tawaf ritual during this event is centered on an object covered with the kiswah, and during this event its performers descend Mt. Arafat to celebrate Eid al-Adha. When not performed during Dhu al-Hijjah, this event is known as an Umrah. During this event, people drink from the Well of Zamzam, perform the stoning of the devil, and walk around the Ka'aba seven times. FTP, name this pillar of Islam, a pilgrimage to Mecca.
Output: History
This character exchanges her first vows of love at St. Margaret's Festival, and one of this character's friends is killed by Bentein after Bentein sexually harasses this character. This character's brother-in-law is killed after having his arm slashed mediating a bar fight, and she dies along with two of her seven sons after entering a convent. This character's husband is forced to forfeit all of his lands for his part in a conspiracy to overthrow the child king (*) Magnus VII, and she first meets the witch-wife Lady Aashild when she is called upon to help raise her crippled sister Ulvhild. After rejecting her betrothed Simon Andresson, this character, who ultimately contracts the Black Death, marries her true love Erlend Nikulausson, whom she moves with to Husaby. Appearing in The Bridal Wreath, The Wife, and The Cross, for 10 points, name this title character of a trilogy by Sigrid Undset.
Output: Literature
Drugs used to treat this disease include memantine and rivastigmine. One cause of this disease is the accumulation of proteins cleaved by beta-secretase rather than alpha-secretase. Those proteins are pathologic A-beta-forty-two, which form amyloid plaques in the ""early onset"" form of this disease. For 10 points, name this disease that causes progressive dementia.
Output: Science
This god became identified with the chief god of Kuaru, named Asarluhi, and he was said to be crowned with the halos of ten gods. He sent Imhullu to shake up one opponent, whom he trapped by stationing the four winds, and was born with four eyes and four ears. He is also referred to as Asaru, controller of water levels, as well as Namru, though he has fifty names in total, and his possessions include a magic net given by Anu. His son Nabu was born by his consort Sarpanitu, and in his most famous role he stole the Tablets of Destiny from Kingu, from whose blood he created mankind. FTP, name this god who in the Enuma Elish creates the world after slaying Tiamat, the chief god of Babylon.
Output: Social Science
This painter's style was often compared to that of his lifelong friend Charles Burchfield. He showed a door opening directly onto the ocean in his de Chirico-like painting Rooms by the Sea. One painting by this artist shows a woman in a blue dress rummaging through a cabinet and looking at a man sitting at a desk as a dropped paper lingers between them. This artist showed a barber pole and a fire hydrant casting long shadows in another painting. He showed a woman sitting down to dinner with her doppelganger in Chop Suey. For 10 points, name this American painter of Early Sunday Morning who gave free advertising to five-cent Phillies cigars in his Nighthawks.
Output: Fine Arts
The title of this writers novel Pinball, 1973 was a play on a title by Kenzaburo Oe and it introduced J, a bar owner who also appeared in A Wild Sheep Chase and Dance, Dance, Dance. He was himself the owner of a jazz bar called Peter Cat, but the most important character in his early novels was called Rat. In the 1980s, he wrote Hard-Boiled Wonderland and the End of the World and Norwegian Wood, but he is more famous for a novel about a lazy man named Toru Okada whose cat disappears. For ten points, identify this Japanese author of Kafka on the Shore and The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle.
Output: Literature
Features of this piece of music, such as the use of the xylophone, the harp, softly played snare drum, and violins whose strings are plucked pizzicato-style in the beginning are not always obvious in hearing. Its main theme, consisting of two parts, is repeated throughout as it spreads from the woodwinds to the whole orchestra, and its steady gain in volume and tempo has often led to its use as background music for lovemaking, the use to which a Marvin Hamlisch-arranged version of it was famously put in the film 10!. FTP, name this 1928 composition, the most famous of Maurice Ravel.
Output: Fine Arts
As Secretary of State, he sent a paperweight in the shape of a plowshare to everyone with whom he negotiated a treaty. His "thirty treaties" were discussed in his "A Message from Bethlehem," in an attempt to end war for all time. His opposition in a presidential election printed notes with his face and the phrase "In God we Trust . . . for the other 53 cents. " This politician's platform, however, as expressed in his 1896 convention speech got him the nomination to go against the Republican candidate, with running mates Thomas Watson and Arthur Sewall. For 10 points, name this orator who was the Democratic and Progressive candidate for the 1896 election and famously railed against a "cross of gold".
Output: History
Other titles which were considered for this play included A Period of Grace and The Inside of His Head. It opens with a melody played on the flute, reminiscent of "grass and trees and the horizon. " The main character of this play opines that "you can't eat the orange and throw the peel away," adding that "a man is not a piece of fruit. " He also regrets not going to Alaska with Ben, who became rich mining diamonds in Africa. This play ends with a Requiem in which Linda repeatedly says "We're free" her husband's funeral and is carried away by her son Biff. For 10 points, name this play about Willy Loman by Arthur Miller.
Output: Literature
This author warned "New Presbyter is but Old Priest writ large" in a sonnet criticizing the "New Forcers of Conscience. " He wrote Alas, how soon our sin / Sore doth begin / His infancy to seize in a poem about Christs circumcision, and asked lambs to Go home unfed in his lament for the death of Charles Diodati, Epitaphium Daimonis. The infant Jesus causes the Oracles to fall silent and forces pagan gods to troop to thinfernal jail in his poem On the Morning of Christs Nativity, while he wrote They also serve who only stand and wait in a sonnet considering how his light is spent. FTP, name this English poet of Samson Agonistes best known for Paradise Lost.
Output: Literature
This work's third and second stanzas describe a "moping owl" that complains to the moon and a beetle that "wheels his droning flight. " Its fifteenth stanza makes a reference to John Hampden, as well as a "Cromwell guiltless of his country's blood. " The last section of this work describes a character who "gave to Misery all he had, a tear. " Earlier, the speaker sees a plowman who "homeward plods his (*) weary way, / And leaves the world to darkness and to me. " For 10 points, name this work that teaches "the paths of glory lead but to the grave" and opens as "The curfew tolls the knell of parting day," an exemplar of graveyard poetry by Thomas Gray.
Output: Literature
This author critiqued Berthold Brecht in Men in Dark Times. "On Violence" and "Lying in Politics" were some of this author's posthumous essays in Crises of the Republic. This thinker postulated that the social realm had diverged from the public and private realms following Roman times in a work describing work, labor, and action as the vita activa, while another work begins by eschewing the need to philosophically "understand" the title entity as anything but the "most radical denial of freedom. " The author of The Human Condition, for 10 points, name coiner of the term "banality of evil" in Eichmann in Jerusalem who authored The Origins of Totalitarianism.
Output: Social Science
The ranges of the floor and ceiling functions are both equal to this set. The continuum hypothesis states that there is no set with a cardinality between those of the real numbers and this set. A complex number is Gaussian if its a and b components are both this type of number. The (*) rational numbers can be written as a fraction of two numbers from this set. For 10 points, name this set of numbers that includes the natural numbers, their negative counterparts, and zero.
Output: Science
The existence of this property can be predicted using the Stoner criterion, and a material with this property changes under torsion according to the Matteucci effect. One model of this phenomenon was solved in two dimensions by Lars Onsanger and was generalized by Potts. One process in materials with this property occurs in many small discontinuous steps, and results in Barkhausen noise. This property occurs below the Curie point, and materials displaying it have a high positive susceptibility, and often retain their magnetization in the absence of an external magnetic field, which is known as hysteresis. FTP name this type of magnetism possessed by cobalt and nickel, as well as iron, its namesake.
Output: Science
In one of this author's novels, the Factory employs Semiotecs, which oppose the System's Calcutecs. In this author's most recent novel, a protagonist's decision to use an emergency escape to avoid a traffic jam alters the nature of reality. This author Hard-Boiled Wonderland and the End of the World and 1Q84 [One-Q-Eighty-Four] wrote about a Beethoven-obsessed trucker who befriends Nakata, who can talk to cats. A runaway cat sets into motion the plot of another of his novels, in which Toru Okada pursues his wife, Kumiko. For 10 points, name this contemporary Japanese author of Kafka on the Shore and The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle.
Output: Literature
On the night of June 3, 1943, eleven sailors on shore leave stated that they were attacked by a group of Mexicans, and in response, a group of over 200 uniformed sailors chartered 20 cabs and charged into the heart of the Mexican American community in East Los Angeles, intent on mayhem. The specific objects of  their rage were any person wearing a style of clothing associated with Mexicans and criminal behavior, and this violence continued over several days until the Navy intervened put a stop to it. Such are the actual, rather unpleasant events known by, for 10 points, what name, also the title of a song by the Cherry Poppin' Daddies
Output: History
The Hoecht stain binds to the minor groove of this molecule, forming G-quadruplexes. The ratio of nitrogen isotopes in this molecule, which exists in A, B, and Z forms, was measured in the Meselson-Stahl experiment to give evidence for its semiconservative replication. It winds around proteins called histones, and Okazaki fragments are formed when its namesake enzyme travels from the 5-prime to 3-prime direction of this molecule adding nucleotides. For 10 points, name this molecule that carries the genetic information of living organisms.
Output: Science
Among his sacred works are three early settings of the Regina Coeli, as well as a work that features the soprano solo "Laudate Dominum," his Vesperae solennes de confessore. Two soprano soloists duet in the "Domine" movement of another sacred piece that also features three prominent subito piani in its "Qui tollis" movement and the soprano solos "Laudamus te" and "Et incarnatus est. " His most famous sacred work, in which the four soloists sing together in the "Recordare" and "Tuba mirum," also features a famous "Lacrimosa" and was completed by his student Franz Xaver Sssmayr. FTP, identify this composer of the "Great" Mass in C minor, along with Don Giovanni and Eine Kleine Nachtmusik.
Output: Fine Arts
It was exacerbated by the death of a Mrs. Sherwood and was preceded by Miles Irving arresting two vocal nationalists, Drs. Kitchloo and Satyapal. Partly caused by the reshuffling of domestic politics after the end of the war codified by the Black or Rowlatt Acts, it only took about fifteen minutes but was more deadly since there were no easy avenues to escape. Taking place in the Garden or Jallianwallah Bagh, it saw the death of more than four hundred Hindus. FTP, identify this event that saw the British General Dyer fire into an unarmed crowd in 1919 in the namesake capital of the Sikhs.
Output: History
When Charles Griffes died, he was working on a festival drama based on writings by this author. William Henry Bell titled his C minor symphony with this man's name, which also names an unfinished choral symphony by Granville Bantock. Charles Stanford's Elegiac Ode is based on this man's work, as is George Crumb's song-cycle Apparition  and a 1983 cantata by Ned Rorem. An 1899 overture by Gustav Holst is named for this man, and Holst also based his "Ode to Death" and "The Mystic Trumpeter" on this man's poetry. Such works as Dona Nobis Pacem and the Sea Symphony by Ralph Vaughan Williams are also based on his writing. FTP, name this American poet whose elegy for a president was set to music by Paul Hindemith.
Output: Literature
This author wrote a story in which the narrator loses his only promising student Sister Irma after getting a teaching job at an art school by falsifying his resume, which claims Picasso was a close friend. In one story a child genius discusses the meaning of life with Nicholson before he is pushed into an empty swimming pool, while he wrote another work in which boys in the Comanche Club are led by "The Chief" who tells them a prolonged story about the title figure. This author included the stories "Teddy" and "The Laughing Man" in a collection that also contains a work in which Sybil Carpenter has a conversation on the beach with Seymour Glass before he commits suicide titled "A Perfect Day for Bananafish". For 10 points, name this author of Nine Stories who wrote about Phoebe and Holden Caufield in The Catcher in the Rye.
Output: Literature
This island nation claims sovereignty over nearby Mayotte, but like the other islands used to be, Mayotte is a French dependency. Since they broke away from French rule, the names of the three islands in this group have changed as well, with Anjouan becoming Nzwani, and Moheli becoming Mwali. FTP, identify this island nation at the northern end of the Mozambique Channel whose capital, Moroni, rests on the island of Njazidja.
Output: History
This man concluded that the visions of Emmanuel Swedeborg were not the result of psychic ability in Dreams of a Spirit Seer. Michael Foucault did his doctoral thesis on this thinker's Anthropology from a Pragmatic Point of View, while Friedrich Nietzsche called this philosopher a "fatal spider" in The Antichrist. He praises Frederick the Great and says "man's emergence from his self-imposed immaturity" is the titular resolution in his (*) An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment He wrote about the "thing-in-itself" in another work. For 10 points, identify this author of Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics and Critique of Pure Reason.
Output: Social Science
The Ruzicka cyclization reaction can be used to produce cyclic versions of these compounds, and the Fries rearrangement converts a phenyl ester to a hydroxyl aryl version of these compounds. Methyl varieties of these and a related type of compounds can be detected using the haloform test, and they exhibit tautomerism with enols. These compounds are reduced to tertiary alcohols, and they do not form a silver mirror in the presence of the Tollens reagent, unlike the similar aldehydes. For 10 points, identify this class of compounds which contains two alkyl groups bound to a carbonyl atom, and whose best known member is acetone.
Output: Science
This man, the drummer Elvin Jones, the bassist Jimmy Garrison, and the pianist McCoy Tyner formed the Classic Quartet. The bassist Paul Chambers inspired this musician's song "Mr. P.C." Chromatic thirds are used in this musician's namesake "changes," and he recorded a four-part (*) spiritual suite that includes the tracks "Psalm" and "Acknowledgement." One of this artist's albums contains the songs "Naima" and "Countdown," while another is titled after a song from The Sound of Music. For 10 points, name this musician behind the albums My Favorite Things, Giant Steps, and A Love Supreme, a tenor saxophonist.
Output: Science
Two of the delegates at the negotiations leading to this treaty were nicknamed the ""Heavenly Twins. "" An eight point plan failed to be presented by Ho Chi Minh during the negotiations of this treaty. Article 231 of this treaty is commonly known as the ""War Guilt Clause. "" It was the result of a conference attended by diplomats such as Georges Clemenceau and David Lloyd George. This treaty saw Alsace and Lorraine returned to France and Germany forced to pay war reparations. For 10 points, name this treaty signed in 1919 in France at the end of World War I.
Output: History
The victors had lost about a third of their men during the 260 mile march, mirrored by the enemy, leading up to this battle. The losing commander's effectiveness was limited by the rise of the Burgundian faction, which robbed him of credibility with his cavalry, and the specific forces credited with victory were actually just as critical when hacking with primitive clubs and hatchets. Notable moments included the rescue of Humphrey his brother, the victorious commaner, and a third and final charge by Marle and Fauquembergues, blunted due to the use of palings, a strategy not implemented at Crecy or Poitiers. Leading to the Treaty of Troyes, FTP, identify this defeat for the forces of Charles VI under D'albret, a major victory for Henry V's longbowmen in the Hundred Years' War.
Output: History
artist was inspired to found a movement in his correspondences with Eva Watson-Schutze. In one exhibition of his work, he claimed "I am an American. . . the search for truth is my obsession. " He executed a series of abstract, subject-free works called Equivalents. One of his works shows a narrow gangway that separates an upper deck of men from a lower deck of women and children on a boat. This artist of The Steerage and founder of the journal Camera Work also depicted a certain woman holding her hands to her face and clutching a cattle skull in many photos. For 10 points, name this Photo Secession founder who took many pictures of his wife, Georgia O'Keeffe.
Output: Fine Arts
These pieces were taken from the composers Opus 8 collection, which he named The Contest Between Harmony and Inventions. The composer noted that the viola part in the second movement of the first piece was imitating the bark of a dog, and in the sonnet that the composer wrote to accompany it, a goatherd sleeps in a meadow strewn with flowers. In the sonnet that accompanies the third piece, the composer describes the peasants celebration of the harvest, and the fourth sonnet mentions an icy snow. For 10 points, name this collection of violin concertos written by Antonio Vivaldi to represent different times of year.
Output: Fine Arts
Miyaoka falsely proved the Bogomolov-Miyaoka-Yau Inequality in 1988, which would have held this statement true for large exponents. Vandiver's criteria decides whether it is satisfied by an irregular prime, while Germain showed that it holds for odd prime "p" if "2p + 1" is prime. Ken Ribet showed that proof of the Taniyama-Shimura conjecture could prove it, and the replacement of elliptical curves by Galois representations was used by Andrew Wiles complete its proof in 1995. FTP, name this theorem which states that the sum of "x to the nth power" and "y to the nth power" has no integral solutions to equal "z to the nth power" for "n" greater than 2, the final theorem by its namesake Frenchman.
Output: Science
The dancing variety, employed in the Reiser4 file system, delays optimization until a flush-to-disk command is issued. One variety of them, invented by Sleator and Tarjan, rearranges the entire structure without storing any bookkeeping work, and is known as the splay type, but it lacks the worst-case guarantee of O(log n) [big O of log n] run-time present in the AVL type. The B variety may have a variable number of keys, and the one named after Arne and Andersson is a specific case of the red-black variety, which employs a balancing algorithm that checks the color of each of its nodes. All children to the left of a root are less than those at the root in the binary-search type of, FTP, which type of data structure whose nodes at the bottommost level are called leaves
Output: Science
This goddess turned Ascalabus in to a lizard when he mocked her for drinking an entire vessel of water. This goddess hid among the horses of King Onkios when fleeing from Poseidon, and advised Psyche to go beg Aphrodite for forgiveness. King Eleusis asked her to nurse his two sons, and she was interrupted by Metanira when turning Demophon immortal. She accidentally ate the shoulder of Pelops. For 10 points, name this Greek goddess of grain and harvest, the mother of Persephone.
Output: Social Science
This composer created a ballet inspired by Nosferatu about a sorcerer who resurrects zombies solely for his own enjoyment. Another piece by this composer of Grohg has its melody derived from the song "Bonyparte." The fourth movement of his third symphony is a reworking of another of his works for brass and percussion. Another of his works uses "Camptown Races" and features narration from the Gettysburg Address. This composer of "Fanfare for the Common Man" and Lincoln Portrait included the Shaker tune "Simple Gifts" in his most famous work, a ballet choreographed by Martha Graham. For 10 points, name this composer of Rodeo and Appalachian Spring.
Output: Fine Arts
One movement in this piece is in 6/8 time and G sharp and is intended to depict a troubadour singing in front of an ancient castle. One movement of this piece depicts two French women fighting in a market in the titular city, Limoges, while another one depicts two children playing in a certain garden. Many movements of this piece are separated by promenades, while a more famous movement of this piece depicts a house suspended on chicken legs. In addition to The Tuleries Gardens, the most famous movement of this piece has its main theme interspersed with piano hymns twice, and is entitled The Great Gate at Kiev. For ten points, identify this suite of pieces inspired by Victor Hartmann, which was composed by Modest Mussorgsky.
Output: Fine Arts
Arms production in this rulers lands was greatly improved by the introduction of blast furnaces there by Louis de Geer, and he maintained a shaky alliance with John George of Saxony. This ruler ended wars with his neighbors through the treaties of Knared and Stolbovo, although he was constantly at war with his cousin, Sigismund III of Poland. Axel Oxenstierna served as this rulers chancellor, and this ruler defeated Count Tilly and Albrecht von Wallenstein in battles such as Breitenfeld and Lutzen. For 10 points, name this king, the father of Christina, who led Swedish forces in the Thirty Years War.
Output: History
As President, this man signed the Dingley Tariff. This man served as Chairman of the Ways and Means Committee during the so-called ""Billion Dollar Congress"". This man died after he attended the World's Fair in Buffalo and was shot by anarchist Leon Czolgosz. For 10 points, name this Ohioan who twice beat William Jennings Bryan and was President during the Spanish-American War.
Output: History
These phenomena are counted using the Wolf number, and butterfly diagrams show the concentration of these regions in latitude bands. Coronal loops and mass ejections generally originate from these regions. Though they are not eclipses, they possess an umbra and penumbra. These electromagnetic phenomena go through a variation cycle of about (*) 11 years. For 10 points, name these cooler areas on the Sun's photosphere that appear dark.
Output: Science
One monarch of this name and regnal number was the son of Francis I and Maria Theresa, and brother of Joseph II and Marie Antoinette. The other was originally named Louis Philippe Marie Victor, was married to the Austrian princess Marie Henrietta, and financed Lord Henry Stanley's trip along the Congo River. FTP, give the common name shared by these kings, respectively an 18th century Holy Roman Emperor and 19th century Belgian monarch.
Output: History
Thomas Nashe's Pierce Pennilesse included an allusion to Talbot, the hero of one of this author's lesser-known works. That work included the line "O, tiger's heart wrapped in a woman's hide" which was used in Groatsworth of Wit by Robert Greene, who criticized the author as an "upstart crow beautified with our feathers. " This critique was not unfounded, as the author later directly adapted Greene's Pandosto into work featuring Florizel, the prince of Bohemia. Florizel is in love with the daughter of the King of Siciliy whose maid's husband is the subject of the stage direction, "Exit, pursued by a bear. " FTP, name this Elizabethan playwright known for his prodigious output including Henry VI and The Winter's Tale.
Output: Literature
This artist of The Bridge Stripped Bare By Her Bachelors, Even drew a mustache and goatee on a Mona Lisa in L.H.O.O.Q. His Nude Descending a Staircase, No.2 was compared to an "explosion in a shingle factory." His series of readymades includes an overturned urinal inscribed "R. Mutt." For 10 points, name this Dada artist of Fountain.
Output: Fine Arts
This man described a character who has an epitelioma near his mustache, and the Agazzi family watch the conflict between Signora Frolla and Signor Ponza over Signora Ponza's identity in another work. In addition to The Man With the Flower in His Mouth and Right you are! (If you think you are), he wrote about a guy who goes to Monte Carlo and is mistaken for being dead, The Late Mattea Pascal, and a work in which a man who falls off of a horse believes he is the title Holy Roman Emperor. Better known for a work featuring a Boy, Girl, Mother, Father, Stepdaughter, and Son, for 10 points, name this author of Enrico IV and Six Characters in Search of An Author.
Output: Literature
Under the ruler Water Mask, this polity suffered a severe defeat at the hands of the Tarascan empire, and a large portion of its agricultural production came from "floating gardens." It had a system of universal education with commoners sent to the telpohcalli (tel-poch-CAL-li), and nobility to the calmecac (cal-ME-cac), and it often used the murder of its pochteca (poch-TE-ca) merchants as an excuse for war. Described at length in the Florentine Codex of Bernardino de Sahagun., the ruler of one of its three ruling cities, Fasting Coyote, was famed as a poet in the Nahuatl (NA-wa-tl) language. A series of defeats let to the poisoning of Tizoc, and to regain credibility with his vassals, his successor Ahuitzotl (a-WI-tzo-tl) sacrificed 80,000 captives during the re-dedication of one of the main temples. For 10 points, identify this empire last ruled by Mocteuczoma (mo-tequ-SO-ma) Xocoyotl (sho-CO-yo-tl) from its capital at Tenochtitlan.
Output: History
At one point in this work, the title character reveals his hope of spending his life alone, passing time drinking good coffee and reading the works of Homer. The protagonist works for a young prince after failing to enter the army. This occurs after he resigns the position secured for him by Wilhelm. After returning to Walheim, Albert's wife asks the protagonist to read Ossian to her. In a section entitled "The Editor to the Reader," a neighbor reports the flash of two pistols brought to the protagonist by his servant. Ending with the title character's suicide due to his obsession with Charlotte, FTP name this Goethe novel.
Output: Literature
When the Butler-Volmer equation is used to describe the charge transfer reaction rate, this equation is used to describe the open circuit potential, except in the case of intercalation electrodes, for which it does not hold. One variant of this equation calculates membrane potential provided membrane permeability and ion concentration, the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation. The change in Gibbs free energy is directly proportional to this equation, which is used to find a cells electric potential. For 10 points, identify this equation, named for a German chemist, which allows one to find either the electromotive force or standard electrode potential, provided the reaction quotient is known.
Output: Science
A figure who was either the wife or daughter of this god wore a cheetah hide and assisted pharaohs with the cord-stretching ritual for appropriately laying the foundations of temples. One being sometimes said to have been a consort of this deity, Astennu, stood around the lake of fire in Duat with three similar beings. This father or husband of Seshat cheated the moon god Khonsu out of five days of light so that Nut could defy Ra's proscription and give birth to five deities. One of his alternate forms was the god of equilibrium, the baboon Aan. He also spoke the words that created the heavens and Earth at Ra's bidding, and helped Isis find the scattered parts of Osiris. For 10 points, identify this scribe of Ma'at who invented writing, the ibis-headed Egyptian god of Wisdom.
Output: Social Science
One ridge feature on this body is the Slidr Sulci and a unique class of dark features here are guttae. Its\n largest impact crater is Mazomba. This moon has a unique surface feature called "cantaloupe terrain",\n which resembles a melon skin. Due to tidal heating, this moon is believed to have spent a billion years in a\n liquid state. This moon's gravity is believed to cause disruption in the orbit of its neighbor, Nereid. Frozen\n nitrogen is emitted by geysers on this moon, the most notable example of ice volcanoes. Because of its\n retrograde orbit, this moon is believed to have been captured from the Kuiper Belt. For 10 points, name this\n largest moon of Neptune.
Output: Social Science
The protagonist of this work extols the virtue of dung to placate his mistress. At the beginning of this work, a doctor falls in love with his patient after medically examining her part by part through a hole in a sheet. The protagonist's life changes forever when he hides in his mother's laundry basket and spies her masturbating, causing a pajama cord to become lodged in his nose. Characters in this work include the protagonist's sister, the Brass Monkey, and Padma, to whom the entire story is told. This work features the rivalry between Shiva and the protagonist, who was born on August 15, 1947. FTP, name this work about Saleem Sinai by Salman Rushdie.
Output: Literature
She placed one of her sons in the heavens as the constellation Bootes, and she also turned Lyncus of Scythia into a lynx after he tried to kill her student Triptolemus. Her liaison with the titan Iasion in a thrice-plowed field resulted in the birth of Plutus. In one story, she disguises herself as the old woman Doso, and is taken in by King Celeus of Elusis. She plans to reward him by making his son Demophon immortal, but she was interrupted by Metanira when she was about to put him in a fire. She came upon this family while traveling the world searching for her kidnapped child. FTP, name this Greek agricultural goddess whose daughter Persephone was kidnapped by Hades.
Output: Social Science
These particles are found in muon, tau, and electron varieties, and their existence was originally proposed to maintain conservation of energy, momentum, and angular momentum in beta decay. These particles are affected by the weak force, and devices built to examine this particle must be very large because it is notably difficult to detect. (*) For 10 points, name this subatomic particle whose name suggests that it is smaller than a neutron.
Output: Science
The normal mechanism of the formation of these is altered in Chevrel and A15 phases. Generally, their constituents are not physically near each other, but are closely related in momentum space. A proposed method of splitting them is to send them through a carbon nanotube to form a Luttinger liquid. Evidence of their existence was supplied by the isotope effect, and the exchange of phonons results from their coupling. For 10 points -- name these groups that explain charge-carrier tunneling effects, paired electrons that form the basis of the BCS theory.
Output: Science
One of this mans works begins with a cello theme that is usually drowned out in performances and supposedly depicts girls dancing at the Prater, while his third symphony includes a slow movement marked Poco allegretto. His String Quartet Number 1 was analyzed in Schoenbergs book (this man) the Progressive. His fourth symphony begins with alternating falling thirds and rising sixths in the violins, imitating that composers earlier Der Tod, das ist die Khlste Nacht, and the fourth movement of that symphony is a chaconne. The last movement of his first symphony, on the other hand, sounds so much like the Ode to Joy that it was nicknamed Beethovens Tenth. Also responsible for variations on themes of Haydn and Handel, for 10 points, name this German contemporary of Wagner who wrote A German Requiem and the Academic Festival Overture.
Output: Fine Arts
The most important source for this man's life is Priscus, and the Battle of Nedao saw one his sons killed by Ardaric, who had earlier allied with this ruler as leader of the Gepids. His other allies included Valamir, leader of the Ostrogoths, and he planned to attack the Visigothic kingdom of Tolouse with Valentinian III. He succeeded his uncle Rua with his co-ruler and brother Bleda, and trouble started when Honoria sent this man an engagement ring and he demanded half the Western Roman Empire as a dowry. He was defeated by Theodoric I and Flavius Aetius at the Battle of Chalons. For 10 points, name this "Scourge of God," the most famous leader of the Huns.
Output: History
adapted plays by Menander into Adelphi, Phormio, and The Eunuch. For 15 points, name this Roman comic playwright of The Mother-in-Law and The Self-Tormentor.
Output: Fine Arts
In pigs, this peptides eighth amino acid residue is usually a lysine, but in humans, that residue is always arginine. Its receptors are blocked by tolvaptan, and it is sometimes inappropriately produced by small cell lung carcinomas. It is synthesized in the magnocellular neurons of the hypothalamus, and underproduction of or insensitivity to this hormone leads to diabetes insipidus. Its most important function sees it induce increased expression of aquaporin-2 in the collecting duct in the nephron, thus increasing blood volume. FTP, name this hormone produced by the posterior pituitary gland that causes water retention in the kidney and decreases the volume of the urine.
Output: Science
One work set in this country describes an affair between Alex Thomas and Iris Chase. In another work set in this country, a young orphan girl lives with Matthew and Marilla Cuthbert. Author Lucy Maud Montgomery hails from this country, which provides the setting for The Blind Assassin. Writers from this country include the authors of Dance of the Happy Shades, Life of Pi, The English Patient, and The Handmaid's Tale. For 10 points, name this country, the home of Alice Munro, Yann Martel, Michael Ondaatje and Margaret Atwood.
Output: Literature
In one of this authors novels, the chief suggests that a boy ritually murder his stepfather when he decides to retire from sailing. A restaurant owners attraction to an elderly conservative politician clashes with the radical beliefs of her husband in his novel After the Banquet, while anxiety over a planned mutiny leads to the suicide of Reiko and Takeyama Shinji in Patriotism. In his first novel, the student Kochan realizes he cannot marry Sonoko after a prostitute fails to arouse him, while the stuttering Mizoguchi sets fire to the title structure in The Temple of the Golden Pavilion. Best known for a series including Spring Snow, this is, FTP, what author of The Sea of Fertility
Output: Literature
This man's namesake boundary condition specifies both the value of a function on the boundary and the value of its derivative. His distribution does not have a defined mean or variance, and his integral formula is used to prove the (*) residue theorem. For 10 points name this French mathematician who, with Riemann, gives his name to a set of equations satisfied by analytic functions and lends his name to an inequality with Schwarz.
Output: Science
During a festival held every 12 years by a sect of this religion, pilgrims anoint a 57 foot high statue of Bahubali with substances such as milk and flowers. This religion's most significant figure was born Prince Vardhamana but earned a new name after spending 12 years as an ascetic and achieving kevala, the highest stage of perception. One sect of this religion believes that women must be reincarnated as men before they can achieve moksha, or liberation. That sect, the Digambara, is contrasted with the Svetambara, in that the followers of the former do not wear clothes or own possessions. FTP, name this religion founded by Mahavira whose followers observe the strict doctrine of nonviolence ahimsa.
Output: Social Science
Though the Buffalo Soldiers were formed in Kansas, much of their service was done at Fort Davis   and Fort Clark in this state. Part of its eastern border is formed by the Sabine River, and a region of  its southern border is called the Big Bend. The southernmost point of this state, the location of the   Battle of Resaca de la Palma, is the city of Brownsville. The town of Lubbock is just south of its  panhandle, which includes Amarillo [aa-muh-RIL-oh]. Its largest metropolitan area contains Plano,  Irving, and Fort Worth. Name this state that, in addition to Dallas, contains the city of San Antonio,  home of the Alamo.
Output: History
A movement in one of these compositions simulates the call of a cuckoo, and in that same movement, a goldfinch and a turtledove can be heard singing. A repeated two-note figure in the viola provides an image of a barking dog in one of these works, each of these which was accompanied by a sonnet. These works were originally included in the collection The Contest Between Harmony and Invention. For 10 points, name this set of violin concertos by Antonio Vivaldi that includes Summer and Winter.
Output: Fine Arts
One of two instrumental movements in this work is the Pifa, a sinfonia that depicts shepherds. This piece contains the duet "O death, where is thy sting", and a tenor sings "ev'ry mountain and hill" during the aria "Ev'ry Valley Shall Be Exalted." This work's libretto was written by Charles Jennens, and its three parts depict the(*) Annunciation, the Passion, and Paul's teachings. King George II stood up for a section of this piece containing the lines "For he shall reign for ever and ever." For 10 points, identify this oratorio by George Frideric Handel that includes the "Hallelujah Chorus."
Output: Fine Arts
Louis Pasteur studied the impact of this phenomenon on polarized light using tartrate crystals. Another example of this is observed by bombarding Azobenzene with certain photons. The topological type of this occurs in DNA molecules with different linking numbers. Historically important examples include dextrotartaric acid and levotartaric acid, as well as comparisons between silver cyanate and silver fulminate made by Friedrich Wohler [VOH-lur]. The type of this that impacts functional groups is cis/trans, which is a geometric form of this phenomenon. The chain and position types are structural forms. Name this phenomenon exhibited by different molecules with the same chemical formula.
Output: Science
One of his later works discusses a title character he claims to be the first to criticize God, while one of his earlier works is ascribed to Basilides of Alexandria. In addition to The Answer to Job and The Seven Sermons to the Dead, he wrote about his time in Africa in the autobiography Memories, Dreams, Reflections. He broke with Freud and outlined some of his most famous ideas in Psychological Types. He created the concept of archetypes, the anima and animus, and the terms "introvert" and "extravert. " FTP, name this Swiss psychologist who posited the collective unconscious.
Output: Social Science
Japan's Chikyu Hakken is trying to reach this region, and n-waves travel along its upper boundary. Post-perovskite forms in the bottommost part of this region, the D double prime layer. P-waves slow down and S-waves disappear past the bottom of this region, and its top features a P-wave velocity jump from approximately seven to approximately eight kilometers per second. The low velocity zone of the asthenosphere is found in the upper part of this region. It is sandwiched between the Gutenburg discontinuity and the Moho, and this layer's namesake plumes form hotspots. For 10 points, name this layer of the earth between the crust and the core.
Output: Science
Count Khevenhuller, who had previously served at the Battles of San Pietro and Guastalla, was able to subdue the city of Munich in this conflict. Khevenhuller was also instrumental in defeating the French at Linz. One contemporaneous conflict of this war was Sweden's War of the Hats. This war included the last battle in which a (*) British monarch personally led an army, when George II defeated the duc du Noailles at Dettingen. It arose out of conflict between the Salic Law and the Pragmatic Sanction of 1713. For 10 points, identify this war that included an invasion of Silesia by Frederick the Great of Prussia and confirmed Maria Theresa's place on the throne.
Output: History
Voigt developed a set of tensor equations to describe the linear behavior of materials exhibiting this effect, and a rank-3 tensor with 18 coefficients is used to describe materials with this property. Titanate salts of barium and lead are used in microphones because they exhibit this property, and Langevin developed a submarine detector that relied on this effect. This effect occurs in materials lacking a centre of symmetry and has an inverse effect called electrostriction. It was first observed by the Curie brothers in their studies of Rochelle salts. For 10 points identify this effect which sees the production of current in response to the application of a mechanical stress.
Output: Science
This work defines "aeviternity" as the mean between time and eternity, since aeviternal things have beginning and no end. It also claims that heavenly bodies are moved by immaterial beings called "separate substances." This work separates concupiscible passions from irascible ones, sets out natural law as the mentally-innate part of eternal law, and puts forward three conditions for (*) just war. This document written in objection-contrary-response format cites many authorities, referring to Aristotle only as "The Philosopher." Its quinquae viae, or Five Ways, prove God's existence. For 10 points, name this tome defending all of Christian doctrine, the masterwork of Saint Thomas Aquinas.
Output: Social Science
Elgar Howarth created a version of this piece for brass and percussion. One part of this work depicts women fighting and is titled "The Great News," and another section depicts Schmuyle and Samuel Goldberg. A Polish cart driven by oxen is depicted in another section of this work, while a "Hut on Fowl's Legs" appears in another. "Bydlo" and "Baba Yaga" appear in this work along with "The Catacombs," "The Old Castle," and "The Great Gate of Kiev. " Its most popular version was orchestrated by Maurice Ravel. For 10 points, name this work with the "Promenade" theme, a suite of piano solos based on Victor Hartmann paintings, by Modest Mussorgsky.
Output: Fine Arts
One thinker formulated the Multiple Drafts Model to explain this phenomenon, while another philosopher, Joseph Levine, has proposed that our understanding of this phenomenon is limited by the "explanatory gap". Colin McGinn used the concept of cognitive closure to argue that this phenomenon will never be properly understood. Thomas Nagel opens his essay, "What is it like to be a bat" with the assertion that this phenomenon "is what makes the mind-body problem really intractable", while Daniel Dennett argued against the existence of a "Cartesian Theater", in a 1991 book about this phenomenon "explained". David Chalmers notably called explaining its subjective character the "hard problem" of this phenomenon. Philosophical zombies are held to lack, for 10 points, what attribute of minds, which equates to awareness
Output: Social Science
He created the score for the opera The Creatures of Prometheus, and one of his symphonies was an answer to the Heiligenstadt Testament. After the fall of France, he composed the cantata The Glorious Moment, and an opera by this composer revolves around a wife who disguises herself as a boy to save her jailed husband. One of his works in C-sharp minor is subtitled Quasi una fantasia, and his last symphony contains the Ode to Joy. FTP, identify this German composer of the opera Fidelio as well as the Eroica Symphony and the Moonlight Sonata.
Output: Fine Arts
In one of this author's novels, people drown while trying to cross the Arabian Sea by foot. In another, Boonyi betrays the title character by having an affair with Max Ophuls. This author of Shalimar the Clown wrote a novel which sees Joseph D'Costa's lover Mary Pereira play a trick on Mumtaz, the daughter of (*) Aadam Aziz. In this man's most famous novel,  mountaineer Allie Cone is killed by Gibreel Farishta, who, like Saladin Chamcha, had survived a plane explosion over the English Channel. For ten points, identify this author who wrote about Saleem Sinai in Midnight's Children and earned a fatwa for The Satanic Verses.
Output: Literature
Rosalind and Perdita fall in love with Mr. Arthur Lloyd, before Rosalind is killed by a ghost in one work by this man, while Paul Munimet and the title character are revolutionaries in another work that sees Hyacnith Robinson commit suicide. This author of The Romance of Certain Old Clothes and The Princess Casamassima wrote about Adela Garth's theft of furniture from the title estate in one work, and Merton Densher attempts to woo Milly Theale though he loves Kate Croy in another work. In addition to The Spoils of Poynton and Wings of the Dove, this author wrote about Verena Tarrant's marriage to Basil Ransom in one work, and in another wrote about the wife of Gilbert Osmond, Isabel Archer. For 10 pointsname this author of The Bostonians and Portrait of a Lady.
Output: Fine Arts
He had little success writing drama, as both The Candidate and The Castle of Hearts were summarily dismissed, but his recollection of travels with Maxime du Camp in the volume Over Strand and Field along with his letters, especially those to Louise Colet, make for compelling reading. His final, unfinished, work focused on two bungling copy clerks named Bouvard and Pecouchet, while other characters include Madame Arnoux who haunts Frederic Moreau, and, in a famed short story, the wife of Herod. Renowned for his rewriting of sentences to search for "le mot juste. " FTP identify this French novelist of The Temptation of St. Anthony, "Un Coeur Simple," and Madame Bovary.
Output: Literature
McCoy Tyner played this instrument in Benny Golson's Jazztet. Another player of this instrument wrote songs like "Wolverine Blues" and "Black Bottom Stomp" and claimed to have invented jazz, and the composer of "Lush Life" played this instrument. One player of this instrument used by Billy Strayhorn and (*) Jelly Roll Morton recorded songs such as "Pick Up Stix" and "Take Five" in his album, Time Out. Another player of this instrument recorded "Take the 'A' Train" and "It Don't Mean a Thing (If It Ain't Got That Swing)" with his orchestra. Dave Brubeck and Duke Ellington played, for ten points, what keyboard instrument
Output: Fine Arts
This ruler conquered the Khanates of Kazan and Astrakhan before fighting the Livonian War. An organization created by this ruler was headed by Malyuta Skuratov and perpetrated the Novgorod Massacre. This man used the Oprichniki to crush the power of the boyars. This man called the first [*] zemsky sobor parliament, and he supposedly blinded the architect of St. Basil's Cathedral. After this man killed his son Ivan Ivanovich, the mentally retarded Feodor I became his heir, leading to the Time of Troubles. For 10 points, name this first of the Rurik Tsars of Russia, known for his extreme cruelty.
Output: History