niryuu/sni-each-converted huggingface dataset:
This author wrote a series of witty letters to his friend Esther Johnson titled A Journal to Stella. He also wrote a critique of Christianity through the journeys of Peter, Martin, and Jack titled A Tale of a Tub. Another work by this author uses the testimony of George Psalmanazar to support his central argument, which led some to accuse him of (*) cannibalism. That work is a short essay in which he humorously suggested that small children be eaten. For 10 points, name this Irish author of A Modest Proposal and Gulliver's Travels.
Output: Literature
On the right side of this work is a backgammon table with three dice on it, while a woman carrying a jug and a candle has another large die on her head. The left side of this painting depicts a unicorn, a giraffe, and a large pink fountain. The exterior of this work is a grisaille of a transparent sphere containing traces of vegetation, the world during the Third Day of creation. This painting's left panel includes God's hand on Eve's wrist in Eden, while its rightmost panel depicts punishment in Hell and its central panel contains many nudes frolicking in the title sinful location. For 10 points, name this triptych by Hieronymus Bosch.
Output: Fine Arts
Ridolfi claimed that his studio wall held the inscription: The drawing of Michelangelo and the color of Titian. Fond of painting the same scene from different angles, this artist employed wax models on a stage in order to experiment with light. His St. George and the Dragon may be found in the National Gallery of London, while his self-portrait at age 70 may be found in the Louvre. His works depicting the lives of Christ and the Virgin may be found in the Scuola di San Rocco, among which is his magnificent Crucifixion. For ten points, identify this leading Italian Mannerist famous for his The Anunciation and Last Supper.
Output: Fine Arts
figure accidentally killed a man while engaged to the daughter of King Pittheus, Aertha. Stheneboea, the wife of Proteus, accused him of raping her, and she later killed herself when she found out that this figure married her sister. This figure delivered a letter ordering his own death to King Iobates of Lycia. He consulted Polyidus before setting out to kill a monster plaguing that region. He became a wandering cripple after Zeus used a gadfly to thwart this husband of Philonoe in his attempt to enter Mount Olympus. Athena gave a golden bridle to this figure to help with his most notable task. For 10 points, name this slayer of the Chimera and tamer of Pegasus.
Output: Social Science
In quantum mechanics, Koopmans theorem can be used to provide an interpretation of these, with regard to a Fock operator, as ionization potentials. If an operator is Hermitian, these are real, and the set of these is referred to as an operator's spectrum. The determinant of a finite matrix is equal to the product of these, and the sum of these is equal to its trace. FTP, name these roots of a matrixs characteristic equation that are defined as the solutions of the characteristic polynomial of a matrix.
Output: Science
During WWI, he published Egotism in German Philosophy, having earlier produced an important critique of literature entitled Interpretations of Poetry and Religion. He stated that to judge anything beautiful is "to establish an ideal" in The Sense of Beauty and attempted to describe the human intellect in The Life of Reason. He later described his theory of immediately apprehended essences in his major works, Scepticism and Animal Faith and Realms of Being. FTP, who was this Spanish-born American philosopher and author of the novel The Last Puritan, known for his quote "those who cannot remember the past are doomed to repeat it"
Output: Social Science
Putting forth an ideology called the "Anka Doctrine," a form of Maoism, this ruler would ascend to the rule of his power with the arrest of secretary Ton Samouth. Later during his rule, he decided to murder those who associated with Sak Sutsakhan to force him to surrender. He rebelled against the rule of Lon Nol, and his followers captured Phnom Penh several years later and renamed the country Democratic Kampuchea; places where those killed by followers of this leader were buried were called the "Killing Fields. " FTP, name this Communist leader from Cambodia who led the Khmer Rouge.
Output: History
One of this thinker's works claims "Subjectivity is truth" and is seen as a sequel to a work that defines man as the "Learner" and his "Error" as sin. This author of Concluding Unscientific Postscript to Philosophical Fragments included the "Seducer's Diary" in another work that discusses the evolution through the aesthetic, ethical, and religious stages of life. He asked, "Is there a teleological suspension of the ethical" in a work that contrasts the knight of infinite faith with the knight of infinite resignation. That work examines Abraham's sacrifice of Isaac. For 10 points, name this author of Either/Or and Fear and Trembling, a frequent user of pseudonyms.
Output: Social Science
His early works, such as The Martydom of St. Erasmus, differ from later canvases like The Gathering of the Manna. He initially copied the style of Titian as in Plague at Ashod but moved to echoing a mature Raphael as in Adoration of the Golden Calf and Flight Into Egypt. After coming to Rome, he lived in Italy for the rest of his life except for a few years as court painter to Louis XIII. FTP, name this painter of Et in Arcadia Ego and Holy Family on the Steps, the preeminent French classical painter of the 17th-century.
Output: Fine Arts
This monarch requested that Clement XI issue the anti-Jansenist bullVineam Domini. One his mistresses was implicated of witchcraft in the Affair of the Poisons. This ruler tried to install one of his sons by that mistress, Madame de Montspan, as regent for his son, but the Duke of Maine was arrested by this mans nephew, the Duke of Orleans. An invasion of the Netherlands by this ruler was ended with the Treaty of Nijmegen. His ministers included the Marquis de Louvois. This monarch was opposed by an alliance led by Leopold I and the Palatinate known as the League of Augsburg. This man made his son Philip of Anjou king of another nation after the death of Charles II, leading to the War of the Spanish Succession. For 10 points, name this French Sun King.
Output: History
This man created, along with Luis Bunuel the films "The Golden Age," and "An Andalusian Dog," and created the logo for Chupa Chups. This artist depicted a set of three birds giving a deceptive reflection in a pool of water in his "Swans Reflecting Elephants." This artist depicted the "disintegration" of another of his works, and that painting features a series of ants as well as multiple misshapen clocks. For 10 points, name this surrealist painter of "The Disintegration of Memory."
Output: Fine Arts
When in solutions of these substances, colloid particles can be pushed together by an osmotic imbalance known as the depletion interaction, and in low concentrations these substances can cause bridging flocculation. When in a theta solvent, these substances follow a random flight model. More generally, their interactions in solution are modeled by Flory-Huggins theory. These substances can be synthesized with the help of Ziegler-Natta catalysts. For 10 points, name these large molecules such as Kevlar and nylon which are made up of many repeating monomers.
Output: Science
A contributor to the daily Action Nationale, he was a leading member of Les Groupe des Griots, a famous circle of writers. A supporter of President Dumarsais Estime, he went underground and organized resistance upon Estime's overthrow. After recovering from a 1959 heart attack, he imprisoned his aide, Clement Barbot, with whom he had founded the bogeymen, or Tontons Macoutes. FTP, name this physician who served 14 years as president of Haiti.
Output: History
The Borda method fails to satisfy this theorem and when multiple alternatives are available, a cyclic majority can be overcome by Condorcet preferences. It can be weakened but not entirely overcome for instances governed by Gibbard's theorem where the application of a quasi-transitive, weakly Paretian aggregation rule produces an (*) oligarchy. For 10 points a universal domain, independence from irrelevant alternatives, non-dictatorship, and Pareto efficiency are not all simultaneously attainable in a voting system according to what theorem of social choice theory.
Output: Social Science
The frame story of this novel begins with a man who had had a torrid love affair in London attempting to get some time in the country by renting a home. That character later has a dream in which he slams a window down on the arm of a ghost who attempts to get into his room. A different dream in this novel sees one character expelled from both heaven and hell, which she equates with the titular place of this novel. Lockwood attempts to rent Thrushcross Grange, although it hasn't been well-taken care of by the maid Nelly Dean. One character in this novel is taken in by Earnshaw, whose son Hindley hates him; he in turn abuses Hareton, who marries Catherine Linton. For 10 points, name this novel about the mutually destructive love of Catherine Earnshaw and Heathcliff, a novel by Emily Bronte.
Output: Literature
Simone Molinaro, Vincenzo Galilei provided much of the source material for one of this artists works, the suites of transcriptions from lute called Ancient Airs and Dances. His appreciation for Rossini led him to write the arrangements La Boutique fantastique and Rossiniana, which were later made into ballets, while his love of Botticelli was expressed in the Three Botticelli Pictures of 1927. His wife was an excellent composer in her own right, finishing his Lucrezia after he died. However, his best knows works include one memorializing LOttobrata; another that begins at the Valle Julia; and a third that is partly set on the Via Appia. For ten points name this composer best known for this trilogy of Roman Festivals, The Fountains of Rome, and The Pines of Rome.
Output: Fine Arts
His war-chariot is drawn by the Killer, the Relentless, the Trampler, and the Swift. He passes a test in which he makes a garment disappear and reappear, reassuring the other gods after Gaga proclaims this gods intention to do battle. The Igigi bow to him and the Anunnaki kiss his feet after his victory, achieved with the help of the Fourfold Wind, the Cyclone, and 5 other winds. Following his victory, he uses the carcass of a primordial salt-water goddess to form the cosmos, as detailed in the Enuma Elish. FTP name this son of Ea and slayer of Tiamat, the chief Babylonian god.
Output: Social Science
This figure once defused an argument by stepping in for his home's usual cupbearer. This figure was brought in to fix a cursed chair by Dionysus, who intoxicated him and placed him on a donkey. This figure and his wife Aglaia are said to have golden automatons as servants. At Troy, this god rescued Achilles from the river Scamander. Eurynome and Thetis raised this father of Erichthonius after rescuing him at his major cult site, Lemnos. Because of his enmity toward Ares, this god cursed the necklace of Harmonia and created a fine but unbreakable net to shame Aphrodite. More charitable feelings led this god to create the armor of Achilles. This god is sometimes considered to be the offspring of only Hera, and his fall from Olympus was either caused by or caused his lameness. For 10 points, name this god of fire and blacksmiths.
Output: Social Science
One of his poems seeks forgiveness from a "Meek Daughter" for "shapings of the unregenerate mind," probably reflecting his deference to his religious bride-to-be, Sarah Fricker. who was also the sister-in-law of Robert Southey. This man conjectures that "all of animated nature" is affected like the title object by "one intellectual breeze, At once the Soul of each, and God of all. " Beginning with an address to "my pensive Sara," that poem was written shortly before his "This Lime-Tree Bower my Prison. " For 10 points, name this author of "The Aeolean Harp" who also described Xanadu and a penitent sailor in "Kubla Khan" and "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner. "
Output: Literature
An attempt to end this war with a twenty million dollar indemnity failed at the Lackawanna conference. According to Wikipedia, weekly editorials in one country's leading newspaper still press for a reversal of this war's outcome. During the first phase of this war, the naval battle of Inquique resulted in the death of Arturo Prat and the destruction of the frigate corvette Esmeralda. The victor at that battle was defeated in the Battle of Angamos, allowing the invaders to land troops at Pisagua. Miguel Grau's ship Huascar was a key player in those battles. The Tarapaca province was ceded at the end of this war over saltpeter deposits, in the Treaty of Ancon. For 10 points, name this war, fought fought between Chile and a Peruvian-Bolivian alliance, in which Bolivia lost its access to the ocean.
Output: History
One proponent of this philosophy argued that other philosophies failed due to projecting the results of abstractions onto reality. A belief that truth is only a tag that people bestow upon claims in order to present their views was written by Richard Rorty, while another advocate of this philosophy discussed semiosis, or sign action, and the three basic elements that make up objects and their meanings in his work How to Make Our Ideas Clear. That man, [*] C. S. Peirce, founded this philosophy which was later expounded upon by John Dewey. For 10 points, name this philosophy that believes that thoughts are only true if they are practical, popularized by William James.
Output: Social Science
One character in this work stares into a small bouquet of flowers, and another character in this work is a small girl wearing a white bonnet and a red dress who is running towards something. In the distance, the viewer can make out smoke coming from the smokestack of a small ship, and a young man with a top hat sits against a tree, apparently deep in thought, in this work, which also contains a dude in a black safari hat playing the trumpet. In the foreground of this work, a mustached man carries a bottle of booze under his arm and a cigar between his fingers, and next to him stands a woman with a humongous ass and an umbrella over her left shoulder, while in her right hand she holds the leash of a monkey. For 10 pointsname this painting by Georges Seurat.
Output: Fine Arts
This man put forth a theory on the formation of sentences intended to refute Hermann Pauls theory, using the example that, in the sentence Grass is green, our representation of grass contains our representation of green. He was given a typewriter as a gift by his student James Mckeen Cattell; he posited that the mind constructs psychic resultants which are formed by associations or apperceptive combinations. His first publication was Contributions to the Theory of Sense Perception, after which he formulated his theory of introspection, and then wrote Lectures on the Mind of Humans Animals. Another important idea of his is the tridimensional theory of feeling, discovered while employing physiological techniques in his famous laboratory. FTP, name this German-born Father of Experimental Psychology.
Output: Social Science
His dissertation stemmed from the work of Frank Knight and studied the role of expectations in price formation. A few years later, he made the distinction between ex ante and ex post savings and investment contained in his Monetary Equilibrium, but he later shifted focus to applied economics and poverty. FTP, name this member of the Stockholm school and author of Beyond the Welfare State and An American Dilemma: The Negro Problem and Modern Democracy who shared the 1974 Nobel Prize.
Output: Social Science
Varieties of these orthorhombic minerals include tephroite and knebelite. The magnesium-rich variety of these minerals is believed to be the most abundant(*) consitutent of the upper mantle. These mafic minerals crystalize first in the continuous part of Bowen's reaction series, and its varieties include forsterite, also known as peridot. For 10 points identify this group of minerals which gets its name from the green color of its magnesium-iron series.
Output: Science
It's not Cherenkov radiation, but this type of radiation is faintly visible to observers who are accustomed to a darkened room as a blue glow seeming to originate within the eye. This type of radiation is emitted when an electron in copper transitions from the L shell to the K shell, in a process which is used to provide a source in crystallography. This type of radiation was inelastically scattered by electrons in the first observation of the Compton Effect. Sometimes known as Rontgen radiation, for 10 points, name this type of electromagnetic radiation whose wavelength lies between UV and gamma rays.
Output: Science
In this story, signs advertising a restaurant note that the proprietor is ""The Fat Boy With the Happy Laugh"" and ""A Veteran. "" That restaurant in this story is named The Tower and its owner is Red Sammy Butts, who is insulted by June Star following her dance routine. John Wesley describes Tennessee as being a ""hillbilly dumping ground"" in this work, which also includes the cat Pitty Sing. For 10 points, name this story by Flannery O'Connor in which the Misfit murders the Grandmother.
Output: Literature
It is often cited as the secular analogue to the Lamentation at the Cappella di Eleonora. The old woman on the left is holding her head, while another figure has a young girl's face and offers a honeycomb. Painted as a gift for Francis I, a white dove can be seen on one side, while two masks lie strewn on the lower right. One of the title figures has a bald head and uses his long arm to draw back a blue curtain at the top of the painting. Another title figure is a smiling nude boy who clutches a handful of rose petals. Meanwhile, the two central titular figures are portrayed embracing. FTP, name this Mannerist masterpiece by Agnolo Bronzino.
Output: Fine Arts
Life among his people was described in the writings of Henry Flynn and Nathaniel Isaacs, two settlers of the Farewell Trading Company that passed through his lands. After his adoptive Mtetwa father was assassinated he gained power by destroying the Langeni. Though the death of his mother, Nandi, caused him to go insane late in his reign and he was eventually killed by his half-brother Dingane, in the early 1820s his standardization of the "assegai" allowed his regiments known as "impi" to dominate Southern Africa. FTP identify this legendary Zulu chieftain.
Output: History
In one of his works, Tamina is spooked by ostriches while visiting the zoo with Hugo. In another of his works, a postcard with the phrase "Optimism is the opium of the people" causes Ludvik to be expelled from the Communist party. This author of The Joke intertwined sections titled "The Angels" and "Lost Letters" in his The Book of Laughter and Forgetting. In his most famous novel, a dog named Karenin belongs to Tomas and Tereza, a pair of intellectuals living in Prague. For 10 points, name this author of The Unbearable Lightness of Being.
Output: Literature
The Sellmeier equation is an empirical relation describing the dependence of this quantity on wavelength. In left-handed materials, which have negative values of this quantity, the group and phase velocities point in opposite directions. Given by the square root of the product of the relative permittivity and permeability, for most materials it is approximately equal to the square root of the dielectric constant. FTP, name this quantity, equal to the speed of light over the local phase velocity, which appears in Snell's Law.
Output: Science
The title character in one of this man's novels composes incidental music for Love's Labours Lost and the oratorio Apocalypse cum figures. Another novel by this author contains frequent debates between the humanist Settembrini and the radical Naptha. In another novel, this author wrote about the downfall of a Lubeck-based merchant family. He wrote a novel in which Joachim Ziemmsen is visited at a sanatorium by Hans Castorp. For 10 points, name this German author of Buddenbrooks, Doctor Faustus, and The Magic Mountain.
Output: Literature
This poem describes "gardens bright with sinuous rills" and an Abyssinian maid "singing of Mount Abora" and playing a dulcimer. In its second stanza, it describes "caverns measureless to man" through which the sacred river Alph runs. Supposedly composed after its author experienced an opium-influenced dream, this poem opens with the title ruler decreeing "a stately pleasure-dome" in Xanadu. For 10 points, name this poem by Samuel Taylor Coleridge.
Output: Literature
His long campaign to win Livonia eventually met failure at the hands of Stephen Bathory, but he did conquer Kazan and Astrakhan and made the first Russian inroads into Siberia. The son of Vasily III, his reign was characterized by his struggles with the boyars, leading him to call the first national assembly, the zemski sobor, and establish his own state called Oprichnina within Russia. After the death of his first wife Anastasia in 1560 he experienced a decline in emotional stability which is the source of his current fame. FTP, who was this first czar of Russia, known as * "the Terrible"
Output: History
This man executed the altarpiece The Ascension for the St. Michael's Church and also painted a portrait of The Bridges Family. Eugene Delacroix was inspired to re-paint part of The Massacre at Chios after two of his works were displayed at the Paris Salon. A boat with its sail pulled down appears to the left of the titular animal jumping over a barrier in the Leaping Horse, one of his popular "six-footers". Critics derisively labeled the sparkling quality of his works as his namesake "snow", and he argued that the sky was the "chief organ of sentiment" of a painting. John Fisher commissioned a painting where cows graze and a man in the foreground points his cane at the titular structure, 1825's Salisbury Cathedral. His best known work depicts a cottage owned by Willy Lott and the titular conveyance fording the River Stour. For 10 points, name this British artist of the Hay Wain.
Output: Fine Arts
The Circumcellions formed a militant branch of the adherents of this belief, which began their persecution. Majorinus, After this set of beliefs were re-adopted by their holders, a story held that dogs that were fed the Eucharist became infuriated and attacked their masters. After the defeat of Firmus, a holder of these beliefs, Valentinian passed a series of laws against them. The adherents of this belief were fond of shouting "Laudes Deo.Maximianus, and twice Primian served as bishops that promoted this set of beliefs, and the controversy over them was sparked by Felix of Aptunga's ordination of Mensurius's successor, Caecilianus, as bishop of Carthage. For ten points, identify this heresy which was named for a Berber and which held that sacraments administered by an impure priest were invalid.
Output: Social Science
This figure's brother was born after lightning struck a broken egg, and his own birth resulted in the Gods cowering and asking him to shrink. Sometimes considered the descendent of Cyena and Cyene, during the Mahabarata, Dronacharya uses a battle formation named for this figure. This ruler of the Suparnas had a sister named Sumati, and this figure's children include Sampati and a friend of Rama who attempted to stop Ravana's kidnapping of Sita, Jatayu. Indra stole a container of amrita during his quest to free his mother Vinata from Kadru. FTP, name this king of the birds and eternal enemy of the snakelike Nagas, the mount of Vishnu.
Output: Social Science
The city in which this work is set is contrasted with a dowager capital, and it claims that during the early summer, that city experiences white nights. The protagonist of this work laments that God doesnt grant him better brains and pay and thinks of lazy folks who are gifted and lived easy and lightly. The protagonist is saved by two sentry lions, but he worries about the plight of those on a little island. The protagonist is finally found dead in the threshold of a little house, and that crazy hero is quickly buried on the spot. FTP, name this poem in which Evgenys beloved Parasha is probably wiped away by a flood of the Neva, a work featuring a statue of Peter the Great by Alex Pushkin.
Output: Literature
At the foot of the bed stands a black kitten with its tail pointing up in the air. The subject of the painting wears a magnolia behind her left ear, a gold bracelet on her right arm,  sandals, and nothing else, while a black maid offers her a large bouquet of flowers. FTP, identify this painting, a depiction of a nude prostitute which scandalized the art world of 1863 and is a masterpiece of Edouard Manet.
Output: Fine Arts
In one of this artist's works, a red fleur-de-lis hangs from a heraldic trumpet and columns separate the work into three vertical sections containing heralds, nuns, and a woman in childbirth, respectively. In addition to this non-biblical nativity now known as the Berlin Tondo, he painted a work in which a man kneels into the water at the left . Another work shows an angel robed in red holding a (*) sword above two weeping nude figures walking from an archway and can be found in the same Florintine church. For 10 points, name this successor of Masolino whose The Tribute Money and The Expulsion from the Garden of Eden can be seen in the Brancacci Chapel.
Output: Fine Arts
Originally a violin player he visited Russia on a tour and ended up staying to study with Rimsky-Korsakoff. His American trips inspired such works as Brazilian Impressions, while his time at St. Cecilia's produced Church Windows, The Birds, and Three Pictures by Botticelli. Operatic works include the children's piece Sleeping Beauty, Belfagor,  and The Sunken Bell. Works like the Ancient Airs and Dances for lute saw him exploring the traditions of his native Italy, one of whose major cities inspired his best known pieces. FTP identify this composer of two symphonic poems that contain sections like "The Catacombs" and "The Appian Way," The Pines of Rome and The Fountains of Rome.
Output: Fine Arts
This author wrote a story in which a chef drowns a violinist in a tureen of steaming soup for distracting diners from appreciating the chef's masterpiece. In another work by him, women of the "disenfranchisement movement" stage weeping demonstrations in opposition to Hermann the Irascible's law making voting compulsory for women. In one of his stories, Cornelius Appin teaches a cat to talk, but its habit of spreading embarrassing gossip leads everyone to try to kill it. This author created (*) Conradin, who worships the title ferret, which kills his guardian. The line "Romance at short notice was her specialty" ends a story by him in which Vera Sappleton frightens Mr. Nuttel by convincing him that the hunters returning through the title entrance are ghosts. For 10 points, name this British short story writer who included "Sredni Vashtar" in his The Chronicles of Clovis and wrote "The Open Window".
Output: Literature
exploring a series of dusty, unused rooms, one character in this work says "I'm your novice" to express her sexual desire, referencing a story her lover once told her at a dinner party. While taking a break from a ball, this novel's protagonist stops to examine a painting called Death of the Just Man. Later, that protagonist sees a cart of bloody bulls and contemplates Venus; on his deathbed he sees Venus again, this time in the form of a beautifully-dressed woman. This book's famous final scene sees the embalmed body of the protagonist's dog Bendico thrown out of a window onto a trash heap. In Chapter 4, this book's protagonist refuses Chevalley di Monterzuolo's offer to become a member of the new Senate, recommending instead the mayor of Donnafugata, Don Calogero. Earlier, the protagonist forces himself to petition Don Calogero for his daughter Angelica's hand in marriage on behalf of his nephew Tancredi Falconeri. FTP, identify this novel set during and after the Risorgimento which follows the life of Don Fabrizio, Prince of Salina, and is the best-known work of Giuseppe Tomasi di Lampedusa.
Output: Literature
This country is the site of a gigantic puppy crafted from flowers by Jeff Koons. A museum in this country is the permanent home of The Garden of Earthly Delights and Las Meninas. A composer from this country wrote the ballet Love the Magician and the nocturne Nights in the Garden of Spain. This country is home to the Parc Guell and the Church of the Holy Family, the masterpieces of Antoni Gaudi. For 10 points, name this location of the Prado Museum and the Guggenheim Bilbao.
Output: Fine Arts
Called "a squanderbird" by her husband, she rejects the assistance offered by Dr. Rank, who confesses his love for her, and receives a card signaling his death at the same time her crime is revealed. With the help of Christine Linde, she attempts to charm the man who discovers her secret, but to no avail. She saved her husband when he was ill by secretly taking out a loan so they could travel to Italy, but forged her father's signature on the bond because he was dying. Nils Krogstad reveals the secret to her husband Torvald after he is fired. FTP, name this protagonist of Henrik Ibsen's A Doll's House.
Output: Literature
thinker used the last name Oswald to publish a series of articles which earned him a place in The Free, a group within the Young Hegelians, whom he later criticized along with Bruno Bauer in another work. The partner in romances with the sisters Elizabeth and Mary Burns, he was largely influenced by Moses Hess and argued that the titular concepts are not "natural" institutions and are obstacles to human progress in The Origin of the Family, (*) Private Property, and the State. This thinker also criticized the philosophy of another German in Anti-Dring, part of which was separately published as Socialism: Utopian and Scientific. Death rates before and after the introduction of mills were discussed in his The Condition of the Working Class in England. For 10 points, name this German thinker, the collaborator of Karl Marx.
Output: Social Science
An iron crucifix can be seen in the top left corner of this painting, which also depicts a man dressed in pink and black holding a dagger. A green curtain dominates the background of this work, which also depicts a polyhedral sundial, a globe, a lute, and an anamorphic skull. The two lone figures in this painting are usually identified as Georges de Selve and Jean de Dinteville, both of whom rest their arms upon a table holding various items representing knowledge and science. For 10 points, name this 1533 painting by Hans Holbein the Younger.
Output: Fine Arts
One of this authors novels follows the accompanist to the singer Clement Sebastian, while, in another two characters climb Blue Mesa and Godfrey St. Peter uses the Oxford prize to purchase a new house. In addition to Lucy Gayheart and The Professors House, this writer described the maiming of a woodpecker by Ivy Peters near the home of Captain Forrester, a performance as Sieglinde in Die Walkre by Thea Kronborg, Jim Burdens reuniting with a member of the Shimerda family, and the expulsion of Carl Lindstrom from Alexandra Bergsons house. For 10 points, name this author of A Lost Lady, The Song of the Lark, My Antonia, and O Pioneers!
Output: Literature
After the success of this book, pilgrims to the church depicted in "Hughley Steeple" were dismayed to discover that not only did it not have a graveyard full of suicides, it didn't even have a steeple. Featuring such poems as "The Welsh Marshes," "The Day of Battle," and "The Immortal Part," its longest poem states that "malt does more than Milton can / To justify God's ways to man. " FTP, name this 1896 work, which includes "Loveliest of trees, the cherry now" and "To An Athlete Dying Young," a collection of verse by A. E. Housman.
Output: Literature
To account for the possibility of the invisible-hand, the author of this work appeals to genetic drift, Schelling's tipping model, the Austrian theory of trade cycles, as well as thirteen other possible causes. One section includes an analysis of Hart's principle of fairness, while another contains an analysis of envy and exploitation. This work posits three natural rights: justice in acquisition, transfer, and rectification, to account for justified entitlements. This work then argues that end-result and pattern principles do not satisfy these requirements of justice. Also containing the "experience machine" thought experiment, this work features chapters on "Prohibition, Compensation and Risk" and tries to derive the moral justification for a minimal government via state-of-nature theory. Featuring a famous thought experiment on Wilt Chamberlain, this is, for 10 points, what philosophical work by Robert Nozick
Output: Social Science
He opened trade with England through the Muscovy Company and conquered Kazan and Astrakhan. His reign saw the unsuccessful Livonian War, as well as the execution of Filipp Kolychv, head of the church, and Prince Vladimir Staritsky, his chosen successor, during a period of oppression known as the oprichnina. He farcically abdicated for a year in favor of Simeon Bekbulatovich in 1575, and later killed his heir Ivan Ivanovich, leaving his feebleminded son Fyodor as the only heir. FTP, identify this man essentially succeeded by Boris Godunov, the first Russian tsar.
Output: History
The Fermi energy in these materials lies near the middle of the band-gap and moves toward the valence band edge as acceptors such as boron and aluminum are introduced, or moves toward the conduction band edge with the introduction of donors such as phosphorus. The continuity equation expresses the change in carrier concentration in them as a function of factors such as Auger [OH-zhay] recombination, generation-recombination, diffusion, and drift. Having a zinc-blend or diamond crystal structure, their atoms are generally bonded to their four nearest neighbors. Examples include cadmium telluride, indium antimonide and the most well-known non-elemental type, gallium arsenide. FTP name these materials, including elemental germanium, that have properties of both insulators and conductors.
Output: Science
Awarded a Gold Medal by Charles X, it was accepted by the Royal Academy in the same year the artist's Willows by a Stream was rejected. A brown and white dog looks back in the foreground, while four men in white are harvesting in the distant background. The most famous in a series including White Horse (*) and Corn Field--its artist's six footers--it depicts a structure owned by Willy Lott in Flatford Mill. For 10 points, name this 1821 painting by John Constable about the titular horse-drawn cart.
Output: Fine Arts
The faASSade of a building in this country is a large glass box that displays famous television images. That Institute for Sound and Vision was recently constructed in this country, whose Gothic buildings include the "whopper monument," St. John's Cathedral. An architect from this country collaborated with Bruce Mau on a massive book of fables, essays, photographs, diary excerpts, and designs titled S,M,L,XL. That architect from this country designed the glass and steel exterior of a public library in Seattle. The Royal Concertgebouw is located in the Museum Square of a city in this country. Kisho Kurokawa designed a new wing for a museum in this country that contains The Potato Eaters. For 10 points, name this home country of Rem Koolhaas that contains the Rijksmuseum ["rikes"-museum] and the Van Gogh Museum.
Output: Fine Arts
In one plot development, Mauricio Babilonia is paralyzed after being shot due to his tryst with Meme, whose outgoing nature leads her to invite 72 of her friends home from boarding school. The fortune-teller Pilar Ternera and the gypsy Melquiades provide guidance to the members of the central family, which is held together for many year by Ursula Iguaran in spite of the turmoil caused by the rebellion of Colonel Aureliano Buendia. Set in the town of Macondo, FTP, what is this masterpiece of magical realism by Gabriel Garcia Marquez
Output: Literature
He wrote his own libretti for his first operas, Irmelin and The Magic Fountain, and his other early works include the tone poems Over the Hills and Far Away and Hiawatha. One of his works contains a melody taken from the folk song "In Osa Valley" and another theme in which the title creature is evoked by an oboe and divided strings. Another work features an orchestral "Walk to the Paradise Garden" and is based on a Gottfried Keller work. His friend Thomas Beecham premiered this composer's Nietzschean A Mass of Life. In addition to writing On Hearing the First Cuckoo in Spring, he also wrote a set of variations on the folk song "Brigg Fair" and the Florida Suite. For 10 points, identify this English composer who also wrote the opera A Village Romeo and Juliet.
Output: Fine Arts
One disease where certain vessels in this organ are blocked due to inflammation is PSC. A value that can be used to help determine the cause of a disease of this organ compares the ratio between AST and ALT, and is sometimes named for De Ritis. Upon damage to this non pancreas organ, its namesake stellate cells activate and secrete scar tissue. This organ processes a compound made from the catabolism of (*) heme to make it water soluble, and that compound, bilirubin, causes the yellowness seen as a sign of many diseases of this organ, jaundice. When this organ is sufficiently damaged, its functional tissue is replaced by fibers and scars in cirrhosis. For 10 points, name this organ which is often damaged in alcoholics due to its function in detoxification.
Output: Science
Sometimes replaced by a violin in Glinka's Trio Pathetique, it was invented in the 1710's by Johann Christoph Denner and only became a staple of orchestras in the 1780's. Weber and Copland wrote concertos for it but the most famous is Mozart's in A major, which was his last major instrumental work. He and Brahms also wrote famous quintets for strings and this wind instrument, whose virtuosi include Gervase de Payer, David Shifrin and Sabine Meyer. FTP, Elaine's Bar on New York's Upper East Side is where you go to hear Woody Allen play what wind instrument tuned in B-flat and played with a single reed, whose famous jazz artists have included Woody Herman, Artie Shaw and Benny Goodman.
Output: Fine Arts
One of this mans early works was a Clarinet Sonata that no clarinet players were willing to play. Like this mans String Quartet in Four Parts, Indian themes were prevalent in one of his ballets which used the gamut technique and was choreographed for Merce Cunningham. Besides Sonatas and Interludes and The Seasons, this man wrote the 64 by 64, I Ching-inspired, four part Music of Changes for solo piano, to which he added cymbals and two phonographs for the first of his five Imaginary Landscapes. This composer also wrote a three-movement piece whose only sounds come from the environment. For 10 points, name this composer of 433 (four, thirty-three).
Output: Fine Arts
Upon his death, his son Eleazar succeeded him, and during a battle with Amalek, Hur and this man fulfilled the command that an object "of God might be lifted up. " A possession of this man was the only one to bear almonds when left alone in the tabernacle, and that object was later kept in the Holy of Holies, which could only be entered by this man on Yom Kippur. Descended from Amram and Jochebad, the marriage of his younger brother to a foreigner was opposed by this man and his sister Miriam, and he supervised the creation of the Golden Calf while that brother was away. For 10 points, identify this Biblical figure, the high priest of the First Temple, who often spoke on behalf of his brother, Moses.
Output: Social Science
The paper that introduced this concept extended the work of Morse and Frazer in measuring osmotic pressure. The activity of a species is equal to this value divided by a reference value, and one way of defining it takes the exponent of the chemical potential divided by Boltzman's constant times temperature. It is related to the mole fraction of a given species in solution by the Lewis-Randall rule. The phase with the lowest value of this quantity is the most favored, and this quantity is used to correct for non-ideality by correcting for intramolecular forces. Also defined as pressure multiplied by its namesake coefficient, for 10 points, name this quantity that describes the escaping tendency of a gas, symbolized f.
Output: Science
Shortly before his death this writer wrote "Give me the moon at my feet / Put my feet upon the crescent, like a Lord! " At the end of his life, he was admired by several women who called him Lorenzo and considered themselves his disciples. His The Plumed Serpent is set in Mexico, whereas Kangaroo is not surprisingly set in Australia. Among his famous short stories are "Odor of Chrysanthemums" and "The Prussian Officer. "  FTP, name this novelist who wrote of the Brangwen sisters in Women in Love, Paul Morel in Sons and Lovers, and the gamekeeper Mellors in Lady Chatterley's Lover.
Output: Literature
This country's neighbor had a political party called the Hats, which instigated a war in which Peter Lacy invaded this country. That conflict that ended with the Treaty of Abo, which resulted in this nation's occupation. The traitorous Gustav Otto Douglas was the governor of this country during one occupation period that also saw Mikhail Golitsyn act as its governor. In addition to being occupied in the Lesser and Greater Wraths, this country was invaded by Great Britain during (*) World War II during raids on its cities of Kirkenes and Petsamo. The Mainila incident precipitated a war in which this country was invaded, and that war saw this country capitulate to the Treaty of Moscow and give up parts of Karelia. 10 points, name this country that constructed the Mannerheim Line to defend itself from Russia in the Continuation and Winter Wars.
Output: History
This man stole an eye from three sisters that shared that eye and one tooth in order to find the location of the Hesperides (hes-pear-ih-dees). While returning from his most famous quest, this man saved an Ethiopian woman from a monster named Ceto, and this hero accidentally killed Acrisius in a discus-throwing competition. The gift of a helmet of [*] invisibility belonging to Hades allowed this hero to escape from Euryale (yoo-ray-lee) and Stheno, and his reflective shield, given by Athena, caused his enemy to turn into stone from her own glance. For 10 points, name this Greek hero, the husband of Andromeda and slayer of Medusa.
Output: Social Science
These substances are broken apart when ferric chloride turns into ferric hydroxide in the presence of water. One type of these substances can be produced by Bredig's Arc Method, and, when they contain water, peptization can be performed. Adding surfactants stabilizes one type of these substances, which generally scatter light in the (*) Tyndall Effect. Particles from these substances aggregate in flocculation, and specific types of them include gels and emulsions. For ten points, identify these substances like blood and milk, in which small particles are dispersed, but not dissolved, in a continuous phase.
Output: Science
This painting's artist attempted to emulate the works of Emile Bernard and Paul Gauguin in it. A bright light appears in its top right, and its glow extends into the surrounding sky in a ripple like effect. Its background features rolling blue hills and a town with a(*) large steeple. A cypress tree painted in dark olive colors dominates its left, and its unwavering leaves contrast with the curves and flow of the sky behind it. For 10 points, identify this scene of the view from a window at the Arles Sanitarium, painted by Vincent van Gogh.
Output: Fine Arts
This composer wrote the aria "Quand nos bourgeons se rouvriront" about the Belgian defense on the Ypres in his A Voice in the Desert, while a famous "nobilmente" features in his first symphony in A-flat dedicated to Hans Richter. Jacqueline du Pre popularized his cello concerto in E minor, and a Cardinal Newman poem is the basis for his oratorio The Dreams of Gerontius. An argument about Sonata Pathetique with Augustus Jaeger was depicted in the "Nimrod" section of a work thought to be inspired by "Auld Lang Syne. " For 10 points, name this English composer of the Enigma Variations and Pomp and Circumstance.
Output: Fine Arts
In one work, this philosopher tells a story about one man leaving his lover in order to preserve the idealized recollections of the past. In another work, this man argues that to become a true self, humans must be conscious of the self and also of the alignment with a higher power. This author of Repetition and [*] The Sickness Unto Death wrote a work in which he claimed the final level of individual existence was the "knight of faith." This writer of Fear and Trembling also wrote about the first two levels of existence using the pseudonyms of A and Judge Vilhelm. For 10 points, name this Danish philosopher who wrote Either/Or.
Output: Social Science
Malus's Law gives the intensity of a light ray after it is subjected to this process. This process is often performed in commercial products through the use of dichroic materials, and commonly comes in circular and linear types. It also occurs by reflection when the incident light ray comes in at Brewster's angle. For 10 points, name this process by which a light ray's waves are made to oscillate in only one direction, which is commonly done using Polaroid filters.
Output: Science
One settlement in this modern-day nation was founded by Captain Francis Light. The Briggs Plan instituted here forcibly created new ethnically-mixed villages as a response to an emergency period. The National Development Policy was announced to replace the New Economic Policy in this country, which was first proclaimed in 1971 and aimed at a more fair distribution of wealth and improved standing for bumiputeras. James Birch was killed here in 1875 as a result of the Perak War, named for an area in this country replete with valuable tin mines. The Merdeka Mission, aimed at independence, was led by its first prime minister, Tunku Abdul Rahman, who presided over the uniting of its federated and unfederated portions in 1963 to form the nation. FTP, name this country which includes Sabah and Sarawak, with its seat of government at Kuala Lumpur.
Output: History
James Busby supervised the design of this people's flag, which was defiantly chopped down four times by another leader of this people. According to legend, this people reached their current land in the Great Fleet. Te Wherowhero was the first king of this people, and they received new weapons from the arriving pakeha. Thousands of these people were killed when Hongi Hika's actions sparked the (*) Musket Wars. This people's rights were protected by a document drawn up by William Hobson and signed by Hone Heke. They're well known for the dance sometimes done before battle called the haka. Agreeing to the Treaty of Waitangi, for 10 points, name this indigenous people of New Zealand.
Output: History
This entity made a military pact known as the Tohopesate, and it was harassed by forces of Klaus Stortebeker, the leader of the Likedeelers, which were successors of pirates known as the Victual Brothers. After the humiliating Peace of Vordingborg, this entity defeated Valdemar IV of Denmark and forced him to sign the Treaty of Stralsund. The Peterhof in Novgorod and Steelyard in London are notable examples of Kontores established by this polity, although its power faded as the Swedish Empire lessened the importance of cities such as Visby and Lubeck. For 10 points, name this Northern European trading league which controlled the Baltic Sea.
Output: History
This character appears in the wilderness in a poem by Anthony Hecht, who imagines him returning to France from Africa after seeing the partially eaten corpse of a monkey. In the final scene of the play in which he appears, he asks Eliante to forgive him for his failure to propose to her, and tells his friend Philinthe (fee-LANT) that he is going into seclusion. FTP, identify this outspoken, rigidly honest young man, whose marriage proposal is rejected by Climne (say-lee-MEN) in a 1666 play by Moliere.
Output: Literature