niryuu/sni-each-converted huggingface dataset:
Led by Harrison Gray Otis, it resulted in agreement on a couple of major issues - the adoption of measures recommending the use of federal troops for state defense, and the support of a constitutional amendment to eliminate the "three-fifths clause. " However, its effectiveness would be completely hamstrung by the news of an American victory at the Battle of New Orleans. FTP, what was this 1814 to 1815 meeting of Federalists protesting U.S. policy during the War of 1812
Output: History
In prokaryotes, this organelle binds to the Shine-Dalgarno box, and its size is measured in Svedberg units. This organelle begins its primary function in eukaryotes when it recognizes the Kozak sequence. Mitochondria possess their own variety of this organelle, and at the P and A sites located here, [*] aminoacyl-tRNA attaches. This organelle can be free or bound, and it is composed of a namesake type of RNA and separated into large and small subunits. Formed in the nucleolus and attached to rough endoplasmic reticulum, for 10 points, name this organelle, the site of RNA translation and protein synthesis.
Output: Science
The wife of this novel's protagonist has left him for an American, and his financial worries stem from having to care for his teenage daughter, who goes to an expensive Catholic school. At the beginning of the novel, that daughter, Milly, cajoles him into buying her a horse, and it is this additional expense that spurs him to accept an offer of work from Hawthorne. His German friend, Dr. Hasselbacher, advises him to "take their money, but don't give them anything in return," which inspires him to invent reports, agents, and schematics to send to his employers. For 10 points, name this novel, in which James Wormold, a vacuum cleaner salesman from Cuba, is recruited into the British Secret Service, a work by Graham Greene. 
Output: Literature
The attenuated total reflection type of this can be used on compounds with a low surface area, while the diffuse reflectance type can be used to study samples that are not sufficiently transparent. The multiplex advantage explains the use of the Fourier Transform type of this. Diatomic bonds are generally not found in the fingerprint region, and the stretching seen using this technique generally occurs at higher frequencies than the bending. Most types of this use some sort of absorption, because each bond in the molecule will absorb only its characteristic frequency. For 10 points, name this type of analytical technique, which categorizes compounds based on the frequency of the vibration of its bonds when exposed to radiation of waves longer than those of visible light.
Output: Science
A small value for the Rossby number indicates a significant effect caused by this force. Its root cause is the unequal rates of rotation for the Earth; the fastest rate is at the equator thus causing an object traveling south from the equator to deviate westward. The effect of this force is proportional to two times the rotation rate of the Earth times the sine of the angle of the latitude, thus this force causes no effect at the equator. For 10 points, name this apparent deflection of an object by inertial forces in a rotating frame of reference which is partially responsible for the rotation of hurricanes but not the flow of water in a toilet.
Output: Science
This ruler retreated among his own troops after an attack by Marcus Valerius in a battle where he shared command with Octavius Mamilius and engaged Aulus Postumius Albus early on. He then married his son off to Mamilius's daughter, which occurred after this ruler erected a temple of Jupiter on the Capitoline and levelled the Tarpeian Rock. In one episode, his son Sextus conquered the city of Gabii after witnessing this man cutting off poppy heads in his garden, and this victor of the Battle of Lake Regillus ordered the construction of the Cloaca Maxima bought the remaining three of nine Sibylline books. This ruler's siege of Ardea, the capital of the Rutuli, was complicated by his son's rape of the daughter of Junius Brutus, Lucrteia, which occurred before he failed to come back to power despite Lars Porsenna's backing. For 10 points, name this seventh Etruscan king of Rome.
Output: History
According to one story of this deity's origin, he was one of four brothers, with two of his brothers being red and black, and this god was supposedly born with no flesh on his bones. Symbols associated with this god included white heron feathers as well as a fire serpent. This god's association with good governance and trade resulted in his association with Paynal, and in one ceremony dedicated to this god men who ate an image of this god made from corn would then serve him for a year. Also known as the Turquoise Prince, this god led his people to their home from the Place of the Seven Caves, and he shared the Templo Mayor with a moisture deity. Also believed to have been born in full regalia to the goddess Coatlicue, this god killed his sister Coyolxauhqui, and like Quetzlcoatl, he was a brother of Tezcatlipoca. For ten points, identify this Aztec god of war who is associated with a hummingbird. 
Output: Social Science
This composer wrote a masque containing "Satan's Dance of Triumph" that was based on engravings by Blake. This composer of Job included the song "Bredon Hill" in a song cycle based on A.E. Housman poems. His seventh symphony is an adaptation of his film score for Scott of the Antarctic. He wrote a tone poem about a (*) bird "lost on his aerial rings" in a poem by George Meredith. This man used two separate string orchestras and a string quartet for a "Jacobean Fantasy" based on a tune he included in an English hymnal. His second symphony references hansom cabs in its namesake city. For 10 points, name this British composer of The Lark Ascending, A London Symphony, and Fantasia on a Theme of Thomas Tallis.
Output: Fine Arts
One English monarch of this name issued the "Statute of the Staple," mandating which ports could ship which goods. Another king of this name is also the addressee of an anonymous poem that contains the line "Alas! For hunger I die! " written "on [his] Evil Times," and served as the British king during the Great Famine that marks the beginning of the Little Ice Age. The first English monarch of this name executed the heads of all of the Hebrew families for coin-clipping before issuing the Edict of Expulsion, kicking the Jews out of England. The fifth monarch of this name was one of the "Princes in the Tower," while the third was King at the beginning of the Hundred Years' War. For 10 points, name this kingly British name, the first of whom was nicknamed "Longshanks. "
Output: History
The protagonist troubles his adopted father, Mime, because he breaks his blades so quickly, but Mime does not have the skill to reforge the blade he cannot break. A Wanderer defeats Mime in a riddle competition and leaves Mimes head forfeit to the man who can reforge that blade. In the second act of this opera, the protagonist faces and bests the dragon Fafner, and he learns that Mime is planning to betray him. After dispatching Mime, the protagonist rescues Brunnhilde from the ring of fire. For 10 points, what is this mythologically inspired opera, the third part of the Ring cycle by Richard Wagner, coming between The Valkyrie and Twilight of the Gods
Output: Fine Arts
It is not hydrogen, but after reacting a thiol with a ketone, this element can be used to reduce the thioacetal to an alkane in the Mozingo reaction. Sodium sulfate and coal can be used to refine this element in the Oxford process. This element is found alongside iron and sulfur in the ore pentlandite. This element is synthesized by reacting its oxide with Syngas to form its tetracarbonyl, which then decomposes into this element's pure form at high temperature. This element can be found in a catalyst that can fully reduce benzene to cyclohexane. That catalyst is an alloy of this element and aluminum and is named for Raney. For 10 points, name this transition metal synthesized in the Mond process, most commonly produced in Sudbury, Ontario.
Output: Science
This man's party began one debate by considering the book The Case of The Army Stated. This man asked if his country would be made "Like Switzerland" and his principal supporter repeatedly asked if an unjust or dangerous agreement need be kept. Colonel Thomas Rainsborough contended with this man's party in that disputation. This man's initial charter of government restricted the franchise to those with more than (*) 200 pounds' worth of property; that document was the Instrument of Government. This man supported by Henry Ireton contended with the Levellers at the Putney Debates and famously said "In the Name of god, Go!" to the Long Parliament. For 10 points, name this commander of the New Model Army, an English Lord Protector.
Output: History
First diagnosed when describing a patient with a cherry-red spot on the retina, this disease affects the production of the lysosomal enzyme hexosaminidase A. The result of this defect on chromosome 15 is the accumulation of the lipid ganglioside GM2 in the brain, resulting in neural degeneracy and death before the age of five. Found mostly in Ashkenazi Jews, FTP, identify this disease named after its British and American discoverers.
Output: Science
This country controls the Bazaruto Archipelago which contains the city of Vilanculos, and this nation is the site og Gorongosa National Park. The capital city of this nation is indented by Delagoa Bay, and its Central Railway Station was designed by Gustave Eiffel. This nation's Tete province contains Lake Cahora Bassa, and the southern Gaza Province contains the port of Xai-Xai. Bounded on the north by the Ruvuma River, this nation is the site of the mouths of both the Limpopo and Zambezi Rivers, and its second most populous city is the port city of Beira. Containing Matola and formerly known as Portuguese East Africa, for 10 points, name this Southern African nation with capital at Maputo, which has a namesake Channel that separates the African mainland from Madagascar.
Output: Social Science
In the Corey-Bakshi-Shibata catalyst, an atom of it is attached to a pyrrole ring, an oxygen atom, and a toluene group. This element's acids are combined with amines and ketones in the Petasis reaction and in combining alkyl halides through the Suzuki coupling. Complexes containing it are called sido or arachno according to Wade's rules, and a more famous reaction using it is sometimes named for Herbert Brown. Mined from the ore Uletite, its silicate was once used in making hard glass for manufacturing laboratory equipment. For 10 points, name this element that participates in an anti-markonikov addition reaction to alkenes, with atomic number 5 and symbol B.
Output: Science
In response to this scandal, Bill Breeden was jailed for stealing the sign of a street named after a participant, leading Howard Zinn to deem him the "only person to be imprisoned as a result" of this scandal. Secretary Fawn Hall shredded several documents pertaining to this scandal, which caused John Poindexter's resignation. It was investigated by the (*) Tower Commission and it violated the Boland Amendment, which forbid US assistance to a certain Nicaraguan rebel group. For 10 points, name this scandal that implicated Oliver North and Ronald Reagan in the sale of arms to Ayatollah Khomeini's government in order to fund some Latin American rebels.
Output: History
This composer quoted Keats' line, "When Chivalry lifted up her lance on high," in the score of his Froissart overture, while works by Longfellow inspired his orchestral works such as The Black Knight and King Olaf. This composer left unfinished an oratorio with parts for Simon Magus that would have completed his trilogy of oratorios begun in The Apostles and The Kingdom, and he wrote two symphonies, one in A-flat and one in E-flat. Another of this composer's works contains the Demons' Choruses and the song "Praise to the Holiest," and is based on a poem by Cardinal Newman about the soul's journey in the afterlife. He is more famous for a composition whose second movement is missing and which contains references to such individuals as "C. A. E.," "Dorabella," and "Nimrod. " For ten points, identify this British composer of The Dream of Gerontius and the Enigma Variations.
Output: Fine Arts
The Hague Partition Treaty was an unsuccessful attempt to prevent this war. This war's most notable\n naval battle was fought at Malaga. This war resulted in the asiento, an agreement that gave England the\n right to supply slaves to South America. Many battles in this war were won as the result of cooperation\n between the Austrian General Eugene of Savoy and the English General Duke of Marlborough, including\n the Battle of Blenheim. England gained control of Gibraltar because of this war. This war began with the\n death of Charles II and ended with a French prince becoming King Philip V. For 10 points, name this war\n ended by the Treaty of Utrecht, fought over who should rule the namesake country with capital Madrid.
Output: History
Odilon Redon depicted one of these objects embedded in a cube using charcoal and white chalk on yellow tone paper. In Michael Baxandall's Painting and Renaissance in Fifteenth Century Italy, he suggests that artists employ a "period" one. A different painting by Odilon Redon shows a creature with a pronounced one of these body parts extending from the background of a mountain. A section of a treatise which compares Doric temples to automobiles and argues that airplanes embody the machine age is titled for these parts, which do not function the way they should - that section of a larger work appears in Towards a New Architecture. A calf was famously used to help film a scene involving Simone Mareuil, who has this body part slashed in Un Chien Andalou. A light bulb is embedded in one in Picasso's painting Guernica. For 10 points, identify this body part which may or may not follow you around in The Laughing Cavalier.
Output: Fine Arts
During this dynasty, the minister Qin Gui committed an infamous act of treachery against the general Yue Fei, and the author of the Comprehensive Mirror for Aid in Government, Sima Guang, opposed the New Laws of Wang Anshi. Zhao Kuangyin formed it, and gunpowder, the magnetic compass, and moveable type were invented during this era, before the death of emperor Qinzong led to the decline of its Northern period, but its southern incarnation survived until the Mongol conquest. For 10 points, name this dynasty is credited with unifying China after the Ten Kingdoms and Five Dynasties periods.
Output: History
One character in this work sings, "What the bright steel, sons of the White Dragon! Kindle the torch, Daughter of Hengist" after telling another character, "thou shalt perish like the fox in his den" and lighting his castle on fire. In addition to Ulrica, other characters in this work include one who accuses a woman of bewitching a knight to fall in love with her, and one known as "Desdichado" who wins a joust even though he was unseated when his opponent dies from "the violence of his own contending passions". For 10 pointsname this work in which the Black Knight is revealed to be Richard the Lion-Hearted and Sir Brian Bois-de-Guilbert is defeated by the title character, a novel by Sir Walter Scott.
Output: Fine Arts
This thinker utilized anthropological techniques to attack philosophical problems in his work Available Light, while he contrasted two island societies with varying economic conditions in his work Peddlers and Princes. This thinker wrote about a situation in which all participants in a society portrayed different dramatic characters as societal roles at different times in his Negara: The Theater State. In addition to that work, he used the example of a Balinese cockfight to examine a game in which the stakes were so high it made sense for no participant to play, a situation which he termed "deep play. " For ten points, identify this anthropologist who utilized "thick description" to analyze societies, which he advocated in his work The Interpretation of Cultures.
Output: Social Science
This man's Presidential campaign was the first managed by the Jew August Belmont. This man's first political office was as prosecutor of Morgan County, and he was first elected to Congress while serving on his state's Supreme Court. In the Galesburg (*) declaration, this man stated his belief that the Declaration of Independence did not mean to include blacks. This man was responsible for breaking the Compromise of 1850 into separate bills. This articulator of the Freeport Doctrine also authored a proposal that was mocked as "squatter sovereignty", the Kansas-Nebraska Act. For ten points, name this "Little Giant" from Illinois, who lost the 1860 Presidential Election and famously debated Abraham Lincoln.
Output: History
The retreating side tried concentrating its central forces in superior positions on hills around Pozzolengo and Guidizollo. One of the early advances was stifled by mulberry trees and grapevines, and a force under d'Hilliers advanced slightly past Castiglione before noticing the opposing army. Nine hours of fighting along a 15-mile front ensued, and after the battle the Peace of Villafranca was signed. Fought near an Italian village in 1859, FTP, name this victory for a French and Sardinian army which was witnessed by Jean-Henri Dunant, who was inspired by it to help found the Red Cross.
Output: History
This star's white dwarf companion was postulated by Fredrich Bessel and discovered by Alvan Clark. This star was called Sopdet in ancient Egypt and, along with Venus, rises before the sun several months of the year. Its system is the(*) fifth closest to our own, and along with Procyon and Betelgeuse, this star forms the Winter Triangle. It is almost twice as bright as Canopus, and Orion's belt points toward this principal star of Canis Major. For 10 points, name this brightest star in the sky, also known as the Dog Star.
Output: Fine Arts
One section of these materials is known as the depletion zone. These materials are characterized by a small gap between the Fermi level and the valence band. Impurities are added to these materials in order to create either extra electrons or electron holes in the N- and P-types of these materials, respectively. That process is called (*) doping. These materials, such as germanium and gallium arsenide, are used in electronic devices such as diodes and transistors. For 10 points, name these materials, such as silicon, that have electrical conductivity in between that of a conductor and an insulator.
Output: Science
this painting, a pregnant woman dressed in blue holds two paintbrushes in her left hand, while her right hand holds the hand of the woman standing behind her. Commissioned shortly after its artist was asked to paint The Martyrdom of St. Symphorian, it also depicts a man in black looking outward at the viewer and pointing towards the work's central figure. A sword wrapped in a red ribbon and a triangular oar lie near two women dressed in orange and green. A man on this work's left holding a scroll is identified as Sophocles, and other famous individuals depicted in it include Gluck and Moliere. A mask, a gavel, and a lyre are all offered to this painting's central figure, who holds a staff and sits next to a floating Nike. A Greek poet being crowned is the subject of, for 10 points, what 1827 painting by Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres
Output: Fine Arts
In the prologue to one of his operas the gods Virtue and Fortune argue about who is more powerful, only to be outdone by the god Amore. He used consecutive fifths as parody in his Canzonetta tre voci, and there is debate about the placement of the "Nigra Sum" motet in his Vespers for the Blessed Virgin. He featured a stile concitato in a setting of Jerusalem Delivered, entitled The Combat of Tancred and Clorinda. In one opera, Drusilla confesses to an attempted assassination to protect her lover Ottone, who had tried to kill Nerone's future empress. For 10 points, name this composer whose works such as Arianna, The Coronation of Poppea, and Orfeo, helped develop opera.
Output: Fine Arts
In 1834, this man ran for governor of his home state on the Anti Masonic ticket but lost to John Davis. This president appointed Robert Trimble to the Supreme Court, and was ousted as incumbent in an election that saw his opponent's wife Rachel accused of bigamy. This defending attorney in the Amistad case sorted out border disputes and acquired Florida in a treaty signed with Spanish diplomat Luis Onis. He beat out William Crawford, among others, because no candidate won the majority of electoral votes in the election of 1824 that was swung by Henry Clay's "corrupt bargain. " For 10 points, name this sixth president of the United States, son a president.
Output: History
This man included Satan Arousing the Rebel Angels in his illustrations of Paradise Lost. His works of prophetic poetry included books focusing on Los and Urizen. He also wrote a poem asking the title animal ""Who named thee"" and one about an animal ""burning bright, in the forests of the night. "" For 10 points, name this British Romantic poet who wrote ""The Lamb"" and ""The Tyger,"" both of which appear in his collection Songs of Innocence and Experience.
Output: Literature
This element is reacted with a diiodomethane to create a cyclopropane ring on a carbon-carbon double bond in the Simmons-Smith Reaction. Supplements of this element are often given to prevent Wilson's disease, since it stimulates production of metallothionein. The French and American processes can be used to produce an important oxide of this element, now being used in transparent LCDs. This element is used in combination with a hydroxylic solvent and a strong acid like HCl in order to produce an alkane from an aldehyde or ketone in the Clemmensen reduction. Gag knuckles and treble clefs are types of structures named for this element that stabilize protein folds, and its most common ore is called sphalerite. For 10 points, name this element which can be found in namesake "fingers", and which forms brass when combined with copper.
Output: Science
Rufus Peckham cited his decision in 1897's Allgeyer v. Louisiana and denied the relevance of 1898's Holden v. Hardy in his majority opinion, which raised the specter of communism. Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes' dissent included his defense of the "reasonable man" test and included his statement that "General propositions do not decide concrete cases," but is best known for his assertion that "The 14th Amendment does not enact Mr. Herbert Spencer's Social Statics. "   FTP, name this 1905 decision in which the court struck down a New York law setting maximum working hours for bakers.
Output: History
One coefficient of this phenomenon can be found with Schlick's approximation, and its diffuse form is applied in Lambert's cosine law. This phenomenon notably does not occur for a certain polarization at Brewster's angle. At values above the critical angle, the (*) total internal type of this phenomenon occurs, and the law of it states that the angle at which this process occurs is equal to the angle of incidence. For ten points, identify this phenomenon in which a wave returns to its original medium after contacting a surface, easily observed with mirrors.
Output: Science
A derivative of this compound prefixed by pseudo- is an important modifier of the T-arm of tRNA, while its fluorine derivative is used to inhibit the enzyme thy-mi-dyl-ate syn-thase, effects of which are essential to its use in chemotherapy. Its N-gly-coy-lase is an important excision enzyme, participation of which explains the absence of Okazaki fragments on the leading strand; it is also essential to protection from damage resulting from deamination of another compound to this nucleotide. First identified in herring sperm, FTP, name this pyrimidine in which the lack of a methyl group is the only difference between it and the nucleotide it replaces, thymine, in RNA.
Output: Science
A work by Gunter Grass depicts Bertolt Brecht preparing an adaptation of this play. One major female character declares that anger is her meat, while a scene on a highway features a dialogue between Adrian and Nicanor. In one scene, the protagonist draws his sword in order to face an angry mob by himself, but is persuaded to change his mind and go home. While his wife Virgilia waits at home, the protagonist is persuaded by Volumnia, his mother, to call off his assault with Aufidius the Volscian. Ending with the death of the titular Roman Caius Marcius, FTP, identify this play about a Roman General.
Output: Fine Arts
Lesser kings to rule from this city include Shar-Kali-Sharri and Manishtushu, who succeeded his younger brother Rimush. Its language was Semitic, though it adopted the writing system of the people it conquered, and it was probably destroyed after the Gutians invaded its namesake empire. At its height, this location stretched from the Taurus Mountains to the lands of the Elamites in the east. It is recorded that its first ruler washed his hands in the waters of the Persian Gulf to signify his conquest of all of Sumer. Located to the northwest of Kish, its precise location has never been determined. FTP, name this ancient Mesopotamian city, whose most famous king was Sargon the Great.
Output: History
The winning side in this battle took up position at the New Park, while a significant contingent of "camp-followers" stayed in secret reserve at Coxet Hill. Six years after the battle came the issuance of the Declaration of Arbroath, which was sent to Pope John XXII. It occurred after a pact between the brother of the winning side's king and Philip Mowbray, the local commander of a castle under siege, after which a force of Thomas Randolph was victorious in skirmish with Robert Clifford and Henry Beaumont. More famous for the heroic slaying of Henry de Bohun, the victors forced a hasty retreat by Edward II. FTP, name this 1314 battle which secured Scottish independence, a victory for Robert de Bruce.
Output: History
To maximize profit, firms should advertise until the ratio of advertising costs to sales revenue equals the ratio of two measures of elasticity of this concept. One variety of this concept is plotted on the y-axis of a Keynesian cross, and the cross-price elasticity of it is the change in it for one good when another's price changes. As income increases, this quantity for (*) normal goods also increases, and Giffen goods are exceptions to the law of this quantity, which states that it goes down when price increases. For ten points, identify this quantity from economics, which is negatively related to supply.
Output: Science
This man was imprisoned due to his father's wife Plectude asking her husband to disinherit his illegitimate children. That action favored Theodoald, who was later beaten in the forest of Cuise. This man supported the missionary activities of St. Boniface, which eventually led to the conversion of the Frisians. Despite being defeated by Ratbod at the Battle of Cologne, this man defeated King Chilperic and the Duke of Aquitaine, Odo the Great, at the battle of (*) Soissons. On the death of this "Mayor of the Palace," his kingdom was divided between two of his sons, Carloman and Pepin the Short, and his most famous accomplishment was the turning back of an invasion led by Abd-el-Rahman. For 10 points, name this victor over the Saracens at the Battle of Tours and grandfather of Charlemagne.
Output: History
This ruler patronized such poets as Romanus the Melodist. This ruler took advantage of the death of Amalasuntha to invade Sicily. This man's reign saw a loss to Gelimer at Ad Decimum, but at Tricamarum generals serving this ruler defeated the Vandals. Another conflict occurring during this ruler's reign saw a major defeat at Callinicum, which was followed by a truce known as the Eternal Peace. He put down unrest instigated by members of the Blue and Green factions, and one of his most important achievements, which was overseen by Tribonian, solidified the power of the emperor and outlawed certain religious practices. For 10 points, name this Byzantine emperor, husband of Theodora and author of a revolutionary legal code.
Output: History
The creation of these cells is aided by the phosphorylation of LAT by ZAP-70, which is recruited by Lck. The TSLP protein assists in the creation of these cells. These cells express ICOS, but not its ligand. Secretory vesicles in these cells can contain the protein perforin, and they can also express the Fas ligand. Unlike some similar cells, these cells do not undergo somatic hypermutation, but they do undergo V(D)J recombination. MHC proteins present foreign peptides to these cells, which can contain the coreceptors CD4 and CD8. These cells are part of the cell-mediated immune response, distinguishing them from the antibody response. The two main classes of this cell are cytotoxic and helper. For 10 points, identify these lymphocytes that that mature in the thymus, unlike B cells.
Output: Science
Shortly before his death, one character in this work deliriously imagines that someone is siccing red hounds at him, and in this works epilogue, we learn that Piotr has gotten married because of his watch and patent-leather shoes. While sniffing roses, the protagonist steals a kiss from his hosts young lover, resulting in a duel, in which Pavel is shot in the thigh. Though he kissed Nikolais lover Feodosya, this novels protagonist sees his world shaken when he falls for Odintsova, at whose house he spends several weeks with his friend and sometime acolyte, Arkady. For 10 points, name this novel about Yevgeny Bazarov, a young nihilist, by Ivan Turgenev.
Output: Literature
He painted a chubby baby with a thick red halo in his Madonna and Child with an Angel, while a woman in a black dress wears a red sash and holds a mace while looking away from the viewer of his painting Fortitude. Several distorted and discolored angels with flowing red hair appear in his Madonna of the Magnificat, and this painter's Adoration of the Magi features a ruined wall in the background and an old man watching the scene from over Mary's shoulder. More well known works by this painter include one in which a dude on the far left wears a red toga and a black scabbard while an ugly green dude on the other side sexually harasses a young girl in a sheer gown, and one in which a fat lady rushes to cover up the naked title figure while two other naked people fly in blowing flowers at her. For 10 pointsname this painter of Primavera and The Birth of Venus.
Output: Fine Arts
In one of this author's novels, the protagonist compares the concentric circles of Hell to Amsterdam after witnessing a woman jump off of a bridge. This creator of Jean-Baptiste Clamence wrote a novel in which thousands of rats die in Bernard Rieux's hometown of Oran. In another novel, he wrote of a man who helps Ramon Sintes beat up an unfaithful girlfriend, fails to weep at his mother's funeral, and kills a man on the beach for no real reason. For 10 points, name this author of The Fall and The Plague, who created the Arab-slaying Meursault in The Stranger.
Output: Literature
One work by this composer includes the aria "Bub und Reu" and several versions of the tune "O haupt voll Blut und Wunden." The soloists in one of his concerti are a violinist, an oboist, a recorder player, and a trumpeter. A religious piece by this man used a libretto by Picander to depict scenes from the Gospels. The third concerto in one collection by this composer is scored entirely for strings and only has two movements. That set of concerti by this composer was written for the Margrave a certain German state. For 10 points, name this baroque composer of the St. Matthew Passion and the Brandenburg Concertos.
Output: Fine Arts
One part of this modern day country agreed to outlaw slavery as part of the Sand River Convention. Leander Starr Jameson led a raid in this country, which was ruled by the National Party from 1948 until 1994. The Sharpeville Massacre resulted from protests against this country's pass laws, which were also a factor in an uprising in its Soweto Township. For 20 points, name this country which has been led by the ANC since 1993.
Output: History
This non-Swiss artist's time in Munich produced an image of a red-hewed man facing away and blowing a conch horn next to a floating, topless mermaid entitled Siren and Triton. Like the landscape Prometheus, that work arose from a formative period this man spent reinterpreting Arnold Bocklin. Another painting by him features a marble torso juxtaposed with a characteristic banana bunch, as well as a background locomotive this artist frequently depicted passing through Montparnasse station. This artist of The (*) Uncertainty of the Poet is best known for painting a girl playing with a hoop before a single looming shadow. For 10 points, name this metaphysical artist of Mystery and Melancholy of a Street.
Output: Fine Arts
A musician primarily known for playing this instrument wrote the songs "Rocker" and "Jeru", which appear on The Birth of the Cool, and led a band of his own on the album The Age of Steam. The Duke Ellington composition "Cotton Tail" was written for one player of this instrument. An album named for this instrument's supremacy was recorded by Sonny Stitt. Grafton produced a famous (*) plastic version of this instrument. One player of this instrument co-founded the band Weather Report with Joe Zawinul. The bass-player Paul Chambers lends his name to a song by one player of this instrument, who also wrote a song named for his daughter Naima. Gerry Mulligan, Ben Webster, and Wayne Shorter all played this instrument, which was played by the bandleader on Giant Steps. For 10 points, name this instrument played by John Coltrane.
Output: Fine Arts
A prefix one of these is often used to store predictive dictionaries and can be implemented as a tagged union in ML. They are commonly used to sort keys for quick search lookup. One type of these allows in-order, pre-order, and post-order traversals. A balanced one has log entry-number worst-case runtime for insertion, deletion, and search; one always-balanced version is the red-black. This type of data structure consists of nodes that each have a unique parent node and link to some number of children nodes. For ten points, name these structures perhaps best known in their binary version, in which nodes are often called roots and leaves.
Output: Science
The Thabal Chongba dance is performed during this holiday. The Ganga-mela occurs during this holiday, which occurs during the month of Falgun. In some places, offerings of delicious Puran Poli are made to Agni during this holiday. Effigies of Hiranya-kashipu's (*) sister are burned during this holiday, and celebrations related to this holiday can take place on Rangapanchami, which occurs five days after this holiday. This holiday celebrates the triumph of Prahlada over his father, who had demanded that everyone pray to him instead of the gods, and it typically occurs in March on the solar calendar. For 10 points, celebrants throw colored powders at one another during what Hindu spring festival
Output: Social Science
In this novel, one character invokes his Uncle James to defend his business judgment after offering another an investment of thirty thousand dollars, and another character angrily tells the protagonist of a proposed marriage between Mr. Wemmel and his typist Z'rilla. The protagonist sends free wares to a reporter who writes a favorable article about him, and refuses to (*) sell property to a group of businessmen from England out of his private knowledge that its value is overestimated. The protagonist's eldest daughter Penelope eventually marries his employee Tom Corey, and he has a falling out with his former partner Milton Rogers after being forced to sell out by the railroad companies and going bankrupt. For 10 points, name this novel following the decline of the titular paint magnate, a work of William Dean Howells.
Output: Literature
This author wrote about the affair between Alcee and Calixta while Babinot is away in "The Storm." This author wrote about Louise Mallard, who dies upon learning that her husband had not, in fact, died in a railroad crash. One work by this author of "The Story of an Hour" ends with the protagonist drowning herself where she first tried to swim. This author created the characters Mademoiselle Reisz and Leonce, who is away in New York for much of a novel that opens at Grand Isle, where Robert Lebrun meets Edna Pontellier. For 10 points, name this female author of The Awakening.
Output: Literature
Isolation from the surrounding region occurred during the Yoldia Sea brackish stage and this body of water's initial formation occurred during the Younger Dryas stadial at the end of the Weichsel glaciation. A song title by the Dutch death-metal band Hail of Bullets suggests a massacre occurred at this place. According to the provisions set out by the Treaty of Tartu neither party could have warships above a certain tonnage on this body of water, and a common grave between the two signatories lies in Rahmaa Island located here. The (*) Road of Life was a supply transport across this body of water and provided relief during the Siege of Leningrad, and major tributaries of this body of water include the Volkhov and Svir Rivers and its primary outflow is the Neva. Located east of the Karelian Isthmus in Northwestern Russia, for 10 points, name this largest freshwater lake in Europe.
Output: History
A dog named Mister Mars is stolen from the flat of Sammy Starfield in a novel set in this city that centers on the adventures of Finn and Jake, Iris Murdoch's novel Under the Net. Tobias Oates describes a man looking for Henry Phipps in another novel set in this city. That Peter Carey work about Jack Maggs is a reworking of a novel set here about an apprentice of Joe Gargary, who sees the death of Abel Magwitch. This home of Pip in Great Expectations is also the setting of a work that provides an eyewitness account of events like the Second Dutch War and the Great Fire. For 10 points, name this city, the home of diarist Samuel Pepys [Peeps].
Output: Literature
The largest factory producing crafts in the style of this period was at Meissen, near Dresden. In Germany its leading sculptor was Ignaz Gunther, while in France Etienne-Maurice Falconet was celebrated for his porcelain sculptures produced at Sevres. In Catholic Germany, the churches of Neumann and Dominikus Zimmerman exemplify this style, while in Italy its influence was confined primarily to Venice. Its primary Venetian proponent was the painter of The Apotheosis of the Spanish Republic and Tarquin and Lucretia, Giambattista Tiepolo, but it was most prominent in France, whose painters of this style included Francois Boucher, Antoine Watteau, and the artist of The Swing. FTP name this period of art that directly followed the Baroque, known for its overly ornate style as exemplified by Jean-Honore Fragonard.
Output: Fine Arts
It's not Jesus, but Anthony Burgess' novel Abba Abba spans the last few months of this man's life, and a poem about this man's death states, "It is midsummer, but the air is cold." In the story "Seymour--An Introduction", Buddy Glass mentions a poem written by eight year old Seymour asking this man to "[p]lease put a scarf on." Another poem addressed to this man states, "Though dust, your finger still can push/The Vision Splendid to a birth," as the speaker describes a tree "whose leaves/Grow music as they grow" and states, "I cannot hold my peace" because "[t]here never was a spring like this." For 10 points, name this addressee of a Countee Cullen poem who Longfellow described as a "young Endymion sleep[ing] Endymion's sleep", a Romantic poet who wrote things like "Ode to a Nightingale".
Output: Literature
A highly endangered species of crocodile is restricted to the basin of this river as well as that of the\n Meta River. Tributaries of this river include the Caura, the Atabapo, and the Apure, as well as the Arauca.\n Another tributary of this river joins it near a waterfall whose name is Spanish for "drizzle." That tributary,\n whose source is in the Guiana Highlands, is the Caroni River. The Casiquiare Canal connects this river to\n the Rio Negro, thus connecting it to the Amazon system. For 10 points, name this river of Venezuela.
Output: Social Science
It was co-discovered by its namesake and Robert Ochsenfeld in 1933. When tin crystlals were cooled below 3.72 Kelvin, the earth's magnetic field was expelled. A partial effect can be seen in some materials like vanadium and niobium, called type II superconductors, while an external magnetic field can be made so strong that the effect does not occur. FTP, name this effect, the falling off of the magnetic flux within a superconductor when it is cooled below a critical temperature in a magnetic field.
Output: Science
On 8 Dhu i-Hijja, participants in this ritual chant Labbayka on top of the Rahma Mountain. On 13 Dhu, one may throw three stones on the jamrats, and one must perform the last umra. On the nominal last day of this event, participants sacrifice a goat, which introduces the festival of Id al-Kabir. One ritual associated with this observance is the wearing of an irahm, which makes one mirahm, and refers to dressing oneself in a white robe, and on 7 Dhu i-Hijja, one must spend the day praying in the Great Mosque in the destination associated with this observance. For ten points, identify this pillar of Islam, which refers to the requirement to travel to Mecca at least once.
Output: Social Science
In the beginning of this book, three Jewish servants refuse to eat the food of the king, but nonetheless grow healthier on a diet of vegetables and water. In one part of this book sometimes omitted, two men disagree about the type of tree under which they claim a woman met her lover, leading to their deaths. In a different part of this book which is sometimes omitted, a giant creature is secretly fed through a trapdoor, which is revealed by the namesake of this book. In this book, Shadrach, Mashach, and Abed-Nego are thrown in a furnace. Later, the writing "Mene, Mene, Tekel, Ufarsin" appears on the wall at Belshazzar's Feast. The apocryphal sections of "Susanna and the Elders" and "Bel and the Dragon" sometimes appears in this book of the Bible. For 10 points, name this book named for a prophet whom King Darius throws into a den of lions.
Output: Social Science
Bruce Cork discovered the antiparticle partner for this particle in 1956, 24 years after James Chadwick discovered this particle itself in 1932. A free version of this particle has a mean lifetime of just under 15 minutes. A flavor change via a W boson from a down quark to an up quark causes this particle to decay, during which it produces an electron antineutrino, an electron, and another type of nucleon. The number of this particle in an atom determines the isotope of an element. For 10 points, identify this subatomic particle, slightly heavier than the proton, that has zero charge.
Output: Science
In prokaryotes, these organelles have a sedimentation coefficient of 70, while in eukaryotes it is 80. These organelles are composed of two subunits of unequal size, which consist of proteins and RNA. The rough endoplasmic reticulum is so called because it is covered with these. They decode messenger RNA to produce a chain of amino acids, a process known as translation. For 10 points, name these organelles which assemble proteins.
Output: Science
This author wrote novels in which a soldier returns from war and founds a "Church Without Christ" and one in which a boy tries to escape from his destiny as a prophet, with hallucinations and all. In a collection of this author's short prose, the titular story concerns Julian watching his mother suffer a stroke after stepping off a bus on her way to the YMCA. In another tale from the same collection, a woman is attacked in the waiting room at her doctor's office and interprets her assailant's words as a sign from God. Name this author of Wise Blood and The Violent Bear It Away, who also wrote, for 10 points, "Everything That Rises Must Converge" and "A Good Man Is Hard to Find"
Output: Literature
Vermont Governor William A. Palmer and Pennsylvania governor Joseph Ritner were members of this party which was heavily supported by Thurlow Weed and his numerous publications. Sending several men to the 32nd Congress its presidential candidate carried only Vermont in the 1832 presidential election. Started after the dissapearance of William Morgan, they nominated Willaim Wirt at a convention in Baltimore, the first national nominating conventional held. FTP, identify this American political party that was against secret societies, particularly the namesake one.
Output: History
The Kabat numbering scheme is a widely adopted standard for numbering the residues in these, however, the Chothia scheme is considered to be more accurate. The Coombs Test screens for these molecules in blood transfusions, and ELISA is a biochemical technique used to find them in any sample. Gerald Edelman and Joseph Gally discovered the light chain portion of these molecules, of which lambda and kappa varieties exist in mammals. In the genes coding for these, a site-specific recombinase called RAG mediates recombination between V and J sites in VDJ recombination, creating over 2 million unique N-termini for these molecules, known as binding sites, that adhere to Paulings lock and key mechanism.. FTP, identify these biological molecules composed of two light chains and two heavy chains that are produced in B-cells and recognize antigens.
Output: Science
Under this government, the dismissal of the Confucian advisor Arai Hakuseki prompted the transformation of rice markets into security exchanges with the appointment of nengyoji. Price controls were lifted under Mizuno Tadakuni's Tenpo Reforms, and the beginning of this polity saw the passage of the sakoku, or exclusion edict. This government set up an system of alternating attendance among feudal lords, and was brought down by a movement that sought to "revere the emperor and expel the barbarians". The Sakuradamon Incident saw the assassination of Ii Naosuke for his signing of the Treaty of Amity and Commerce, an extension of the Convention of Kanagawa pushed forward by Matthew Perry. For 10 points, name this Japanese government that existed before the Meiji Restoration.
Output: History
This reaction is often used to determine the structure of complex amines by converting them to simpler amines. In violation of Zaitsev's rule, the major product in this reaction is the least substituted alkene, while the minor product is known as the Zaitsev product. In this E2 reaction, a quaternary ammonium salt is treated with an excess of methyl iodide and with silver oxide to give an ammonium hydroxide, which is heated to give the final product. FTP, identify this elimination reaction which converts a quaternary ammonium salt to an alkene and an amide.
Output: Science
This structure does not function correctly in those with Stargardt disease, and certain cells in the capillaries of this structure can cause Scheerer's phenomenon. Muller glial cells found in this structure can dedifferentiate into multipotent progenitor cells, and Tay-Sachs disease is often diagnosed by a red spot on it. This structure receives oxygen from the choroid coat, which separates it from the (*) sclera. This structure's most sensitive region is the fovea, which is located at the center of its macula. Vitamin A is necessary for the function of this structure, which has a "blind spot" where it connects to the optical nerve. Rods and cones are found in, for ten points, which inner layer of the eye that sends optical signals to the brain
Output: Science
In his first year of rule, he avoided war with one of his neighbors with the Peace of Knared. Shortly thereafter he sent an abortive expedition to seize the fortification of Dunamunde in an attempt to overthrow his initial rival for the throne, Sigismund III. After defeating his cousin, he would form the Corpus Evangelicorum, which he led at the Alte Veste and to victory at Breitenfeld. FTP, name this king who became known as the "Lion of the North," until he was capped at Lutzen while leading his Swedish forces in the Thirty Years' War.
Output: History