niryuu/sni-each-converted huggingface dataset:
Flaws in Schrodinger's equation or Bohr's formula can be corrected by introducing this value measured in multiples of a unit called the Dirac h, or h-bar. It was first proposed by Samuel Goudsmit and George Uhlenbeck to explain the spectra of light emitted by atoms of alkali metals. Calculated for complex nuclei by taking the vector sum of the intrinsic values for the constituent particles and their orbital angular momentum, it is zero for nuclei with even numbers of neutrons and protons in their ground states and for pions, while for electrons, neutrons, and protons the multiple involved is 1/2. FTP, what is this measure of the amount of angular momentum associated with a subatomic particle or nucleus
Output: Science
This work sarcastically praises one thinker for the ability to draw physical rabbits from purely metaphysical silk hats in a chapter about that thinker "and the new tribalism", while another section of this book claims that the works of Marx are implicitly works of moral theory. After early sections on the breakdown of tribal society and the work of Heraclitus, this book defines rationalism as the attitude of readiness to listen to critical arguments or learn from experience and contrasts it with pseudo-rationalism, defined as the belief that one has certain knowledge. That chapter is subtitled "The Revolt Against Reason" and discusses "Oracular Philosophy". It associates Hegel with the High Tide of Prophecy and its first section discusses the Spell of Plato, whose Republic is condemned. For 10 points, name this Karl Popper work about totalitarianism.
Output: Social Science
After a succession dispute with his rival Arthur, the Duke of Brittany, this rulers right to take the throne was recognized by the Treaty of Le Goulet. An international alliance he established was soundly defeated at the Battle of Bouvines, while he was forced to agree to terms with the legate Pandulf after his refusal to accept Stephen Langton as Archbishop resulted in a papal interdiction. The last years of his reign were spent fighting the forces of Louis VIII, who invaded England at the behest of this kings barons after he renounced some concessions forced upon him at Runnymede. For ten points, name this King of England who signed the Magna Carta.
Output: History
Despite Mikhail Miloradovichs death during this event, there have been allegations that he was actually a leader, and that his death was an accident. Another leader, knyaz Sergei Trubetskoy, took refuge in the Habsburg embassy until he was arrested the following day. In the aftermath of this event, Aleksandr Griboyedov managed to wriggle his way out of culpability, though he had had significant associations with Kchelbecker. A key cause of failure was that the Northern and Southern Societies failed to cooperate, and many of their potential allies deserted them, including General Aleksei Yermolov. The grand plans made by Pavel Pestel and others to free the serfs and end autocracy were damaged, partly by the abdication of their original choice for tsar, Konstantin. For ten points name this abortive 1825 revolution in St. Petersburg against Nikolai II.
Output: History
One speech in this trial included the remark ""there is never a duel with the truth"" made by Dudley Field Malone. This trial saw questions like ""do you think about things you do think about"" asked during the famous examination of prosecutor William Jennings Bryan by the defense attorney Clarence Darrow. For 10 points, name this trial of a high school teacher who taught about evolution.
Output: History
One family in this work flees France after rescuing an "unfortunate Muhammadan" who is arrested for his religion the day his daughter Safie arrives from Constantinople. In addition to the De Laceys, another character in this work educated himself by reading about the Northwest Passage, and begins the novel by writing a series of letters to Margaret. Justine Moritz is falsely accused of the murder of the title characters brother William in this novel, which causes the title character to travel to England with Clerval to satisfy the demands of the antagonist for a female companion. The protagonist is rescued by Robert Walton in the Arctic and hails from Lake Geneva.For 10 points, identify this novel subtitled The Modern Prometheus, a Mary Shelley work about creating a certain monster.
Output: Literature
Dobinski's formula implies that its nth moment is given by the partitions of a set of size n when it has an expected value of 1. The difference between two of these with different variables and parameters is given by a function named for J.G. Skellam. This function's mean and variance are the parameter itself, which is the product of the number of events times the expectation value, and is represented by lambda. Often used to model the probability of rare events, for 10 points, identify this probability function, which gives the expected probability of that event occurring within a certain time period and is named for a French mathematician.
Output: Science
This philosopher questioned why people followed Socrates when it was well known that Socrates was ugly in an 1888 work. He criticized Euripides for failing to emphasize the Dionysian element compared to the Apollonian element in his first major work, The Birth of Tragedy, while he offered reasons for why he was such a great philosopher in his autobiography, Ecce Homo. He elucidated the concept of the ubermensch in one of his best known works about a figure from an eastern religion. A proponent of the "will to power", for 10 points, identify this philosopher who wrote works like Thus Spoke Zarathustra and Beyond Good and Evil, who proclaimed "God is dead".
Output: Social Science
eastern border of this state lies along the Unaka range and the Bald Mountains. The "highland rim" surrounds the "central basin" of this state, and the seat of its Rutherford county is Murfressboro, which saw the battle of the Stones River during the Civil War. Near its border with North Carolina lies Clingman's dome. This state's namesake river begins at the confluence of the French Broad and the Hoiston Rivers, and passes through a city which is home to the Sunsphere. Another city in this state is home to the Grand Ole Opry and is called the "Music City. " For 10 points, identify this state which includes cities such as Chattanooga, Knoxville, and Nashville.
Output: Social Science
He remarked upon the sin of sloth in the essay "Nearer, My Couch, to Thee" and expounded upon technology in "Is it OK to Be a Luddite" In one of his short stories, Cleanth Siegel induces Irving Loon to go on a shooting spree by uttering the word "Windigo," and another short story by this man follows Nathan "Lardass" Levine. These stories, "Mortality and Mercy in Vienna" and "The Small Rain," can be found in his 1984 collection Slow Learner, which also features the story "Entropy. " The female ninja DL Chastain helps Prairie Wheeler on a quest to find her mother in Vineland, while Reverend Wicks Cherrycoke narrates the story of an astronomer and a surveyor in Mason and Dixon. Best known for characters like Oedipa Maas and Tyrone Slothrop, his most well-known work opens "a screaming comes across the sky. " FTP, name this reclusive author of V, The Crying of Lot 49, and Gravity's Rainbow.
Output: Literature
In the third act of this play, one character repeatedly laments being unable to get past the "flaming sword" separating him from the woman he loves. That character is horrified that the woman he loves performs menial tasks such as chopping onions and refilling lamps. This play's second act ends with a character accepting an offer to speak at the Guild of St. Matthew, and then asking his secretary Proserpine Garnett and his father-in-law Mr. Burgess to accompany him, deliberately leaving his wife at home with his rival. At its climax, the title character chooses to stay with her husband, a prominent Christian Scientist, instead of an eighteen-year-old poetical aesthete. The second of its author's Plays Pleasant, it centers on the romantic triangle among James Morell, Eugene Marchbanks, and the title woman. For 10 points, name this comedy by George Bernard Shaw about a clergyman's wife.
Output: Literature
One leader of this group reasserted power after Charles of Valois dissolved the government of the Cherchi, and they fought a war against Ezzelino III at the battle of Cassano d'Adda with the help of Ezzelino's brother in law Manfred I. They were massacred in a battle during which they were betrayed by Bocca degli Abati, and they are named for the Bavarian Dukes who opposed the rise of the Hohenstaufens. Dante Alighieri was a member of the white party of this group, which held power in cities such as Genoa and Mantua. For 10 points, identify this faction that allied with the papacy and opposed the Ghibellines.
Output: History
The relative rate of this compound's carboxylation is varied by the YPC model parameter. In a pathway that regenerates NAD+ from NADH, this triose ketoacid is converted via acetaldehyde into carbon dioxide and ethanol in an anaerobic environment. It is also anaerobically converted into lactate during muscle contraction, and serves as an important biochemical intermediate by bonding with acetyl coenzyme A to enter the Krebs cycle. FTP, identify this molecule produced by glycolysis.
Output: Science
In one novel from this country, Mrs. Ruth Godbold and her children watch the destruction of Xanadu, a house previously owned by Miss Hare. That novel is Riders in the Chariot. One author from this country described the murder of the Healy and Newby families in The Chant of Jimmie Blacksmith. One author from this country wrote about Laura Trevelyan and the title German explorer's attempt to cross an entire continent in Voss, and another author from this country wrote about a bet centered on transporting a glass cathedral in Oscar and Lucinda. For 10 points, name this country home to Thomas Keneally, Patrick White, and Peter Carey.
Output: Literature
This ruler dispatched the Nestorian monk, Rabban Sauma, as a diplomat to Christian Europe. With the help of his general, Hundred Eyes Bayan, he successfully besieged the cities of Xianyang and Fencheng. After those victories, he conquered the Southern Song and declared himself ruler of the Yuan Dynasty. This man sent an expedition to Kyushu, which was defended by a stone wall along Hakkata Bay; however, that expedition failed when a typhoon called the kamikaze destroyed this ruler's navy. For 10 points, name this Mongol ruler visited by Marco Polo who was the grandson of Genghis.
Output: History
Heinrich von Treitschke called it "a glorious beginning to a glorious history," a view criticized by William Henderson. Its greatest advocate was imprisoned in Wurtemberg in 1822 and deported to America for supporting the idea, which was inspired by Napoleon's Continental System. Karl Bruck advocated the entry of Austria, but this plan was halted by the minister of commerce, Delbruck. Founded through the efforts of Friedrich List, it was dissolved during the Seven Weeks War, but was reformed in 1867 with the state veto power removed by Bismarck. FTP, name this economic association founded in 1834 among the German states, whose name is German for customs union.
Output: History
It was accompanied by a note to the reader that identifies a person on business from Porlock interfering with its composition. Written in iambic tetrameter, its first section describes gardens bright with sinuous rills and an incense bearing tree. With a title inspired by a passage in Purchas Pilgrimage, it was William Bartrams Travels that suggested the mighty fountain momently ... forced. After hearing a damsel with a dulcimer singing of Mount Abora, the poems speaker imagines himself building a device in the air that is sunny, in order to fulfill the decree of the title emperor. FTP, name this poem by Samuel Taylor Coleridge, a work that envisions the construction of a stately pleasure-dome in Xanadu.
Output: Literature
Early in his career, this artist executed a series of powerful engravings, notably The Frugal Repast, while his contributions to the realm of sculpture included Head of a Bull, Metamorphosis, made using the seat and handlebars of a bicycle. Images like the Dying Horse, the Weeping Woman, and the Minotaur predominate in his late work, which includes The Charnel House, while his early efforts, like La Vie, The Family of Saltimbanques, and Les Demoiselles d'Avignon, are often divided into periods like the "Rose" and "Blue" Periods. FTP, who was this Spanish painter probably best known for Guernica
Output: Fine Arts
In one speech from this a play a character says he will battle another man "with one hand on his\n scrotum" after accusing him of planning to use genetic engineering to make ugly people sterile. In the third\n act a man enters with a bouquet of snapdragons throwing them as spears at another character he calls\n "houseboy." This play ends with a woman saying "I am" in response to the wittiest thing said at the party\n that evening. A game called "Get the Guest" reveals one woman had a hysterical pregnancy in its second\n act titled "Walpurgisnacht." A story about a man who dies in a car crash by swerving to avoid a porcupine\n leads to the revelation that the central couple's son is imaginary. Nick and Honey are invited over for\n drinks by George and Martha, for 10 points, in this play by Edward Albee.
Output: Literature
At one point in this novel, the title character is infuriated when his wife gives a quack doctor twenty dollars for a therapeutic battery. The protagonist is briefly enthralled by an advertisement reading ""Trips to the West: Reduced Rates"" but ultimately is seen transporting an engineer to his home in Starkfield. The arrival of Mattie Silver causes a rift with the hypochondriac Zenobia in, for 10 points, what Edith Wharton novel that climaxes with the crash of a sled into a tree
Output: Literature
One sub-clade of this phylum is genus buddenbrokia, which belongs to actinospore-stage-having class myxosporea. A now-extinct group in this phylum named its fossils' wrinkled bodies is rugosa. This phylum's class cubozoa contains the toxic organisms of genus chironex. This phylum's layered bodies consist of epidermis, mesoglea, and gastrodermis, making them the simplest multi-tissue organisms. Members of this phylum's class (*) scyphozoa exemplify two characteristics of this phylum: a two-stage lifecycle, consisting of an often-sessile polyp and a free adult, or medusa and the use of toxic nematocysts. FTP, name this phylum of radially symmetric organisms like sea anemones, corals and jellyfish.
Output: Science
This thinker discussed Cohen, a Jewish trader who was arrested by the French after collecting an indemnity of sheep from a Berber tribe. This author of "Blurred Genres" provided a five part definition of the titular "system of symbols" in "Religion as a Cultural System" and wrote on the title "device for the enactment of mass ritual" in Negara: The Theatre State. This author of Islam Observed discussed "webs of significance" in one essay, collected with another which characterized the titular action as "an assemblage of texts". "Thick Description" and "Deep Play: Notes on the Balinese Cockfight. " were, for 10 points, written by this anthropologist, author of Interpretation of Cultures.
Output: Social Science
Induction coils with spark gaps were the first devices to suggest its existence. When the receiving coil in an 1887 experiment was enclosed in a dark case, the observed spark was always smaller. The aforementioned work by Hertz was followed by contributions in the area from Thomson and Lenard. Lenard found that it was independent of the ultraviolet lights intensity, but it took until the article On a Heuristic Point of View about the Creation and Conversion of Light for the concept to be widely diffused. For 10 points, the work function is associated with this effect, whose discovery won the 1905 Nobel Prize for Physics for Albert Einstein.
Output: Science
Like its northern neighbor, this state has two courts of final recourse, with its Supreme Court handling only civil law and a co-equal Court of Criminal Appeals handling other matters. This state also empowers a particular county district attorney to investigate official corruption allegations, which led to much focus on the retirement of Ronnie Earle in 2007. Currently represented in the Senate by John Cornyn and Kay Bailey Hutchinson, for 10 points, name this official state of residency for Tom DeLay and George W. Bush.
Output: History
This work discusses the tangible, external values of a life of faith in the section Devout Observances. It also addresses the impact of mans predatory nature on the development of modern sport and later on gambling proclivity in the sections Modern Survivals of Prowess and The Belief in Luck, respectively. It argues that the title concept arose out of conquering peoples who delegated menial jobs to the conquered, instead keeping more prestigious, but less essential, tasks for themselves. This work is most famous for introducing the concept of the pecuniary struggle, or the pursuit of wealth in order to match the accomplishments of others, as well as a concept that involves the acquisition of wealth for the express purpose of displaying that wealth, conspicuous consumption. FTP, name this work of Thorstein Veblen.
Output: Social Science
In the Iliad, he is the husband of Aglaea, and Dionysus was allowed to join the pantheon after getting him drunk. His failed attempt to sleep with Athena led to the birth of Erechtheus, . Early in life, he was taken care of by Eurynome and Thetis, and he ordered Kedalion to guide Orion to the sun so the hunter's sight could be restored. Theseus killed his son Periphetes, and after publicly revealing his wife's infidelities (*) using a magic net, the other gods laughed. Cyclopes served as his assistants, and to prevent infighting, Aphrodite was married to him. Thrown off of Mount Olympus by both of his parents, he created Pandora from clay, and he aided in the birth of Athena by splitting Zeus' head open. FTP, identify this cripple Greek god who made lots of stuff in forges.
Output: Literature
This artist painted a woman lying on sumptuous white bed sheets below a golden cherub in his Danae, which was modeled on his wife Saskia. He painted the Hebrew letters "Mene, Mene, Tekel u-Pharsin" in his depiction of Belshazzar's Feast. He painted some inquisitive gentlemen examining a skinless arm in his painting The (*) Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Tulp. Another of his paintings includes a girl holding a chicken and a group of men with spears and drums. For 10 points, name this Dutch artist who painted "The Shooting Company of Frans Banning Cocq" in Night Watch.
Output: Fine Arts
One character in this novel tells a lengthy story about losing his virginity to a devout old woman before faking a fall in front of a "beauty of the first water. " The protagonist of this novel is made to trample on the stomach of a pregnant woman by an American soldier, and watches a woman squirting breast milk into a cup during a tea ceremony. After the stuttering protagonist starts attending university, he befriends the club-footed Kashiwagi. The protagonist repeats the koan "If you meet the Buddha in the road, kill him" after becoming an acolyte of the title structure. For 10 points, name this novel in which Mizoguchi burns down the beautiful title structure, a work by Yukio Mishima.
Output: Literature
This molecule facilitates the Griesbaum reaction and cleaves an alkene to forms an aldehyde or a ketone in a 1,3 dipolar cycloaddition, the Criegee mechanism. In the Chapman Cycle, this diamagnetic compound with a bent geometry is replenished by a paramagnetic, diatomic molecule. In that reaction, this molecule is formed by the absorption of a photon with a wavelength of less than 280 nanometers. It can be depleted by chlorofluorocarbons, making the Earth more susceptible to ultraviolet radiation. For 10 points, name this molecule found in a namesake atmospheric "layer", a triatomic allotrope of oxygen.
Output: Science
One city in this state, named for a tree that Edward Beale destroyed, was the site of the personal observatory where Percival Lowell discovered Pluto. Mountains surrounding the capital in this state include the White Tank Mountains and the Superstition Mountains. This state's city of Window Rock is the seat of government for the Navajo Nation. It contains the Painted Desert, Petrified Forest, and Saguaro National Park. Its cities include Winslow, Flagstaff, Yuma, and Tucson. For 10 points, name this southwest state, home to the Grand Canyon and Phoenix.
Output: Social Science
The ornate chandelier at the top of the painting holds a single lit candle, while several pieces of fruit can be seen by the window on the left. A red pair of shoes on the floor in the back contrasts with the pair of wooden clogs in the lower left. The figure on the right has her green dress gathered up in one hand, while a little dog, possibly representing fidelity, stands in the middle at the participants' feet. Perhaps best known for the concave mirror in the background that reflects two witnesses, including the artist, FTP, identify this Jan van Eyck painting depicting the marriage vows of a certain couple.
Output: Fine Arts
This work premiered as part of a charity concert series and was troubled by last-minute rearrangements and other production difficulties. After various demands from Jonathan Swift, the dean of St. Patricks Cathedral, the work was finally allowed to premiere on April 13, 1741 in Dublin. The work is divided into three parts, all dealing with different aspects of the life of what the composer considered the title entity. Famous arias from the work include I know that my Redeemer liveth, and Every Valley shall be exalted. The finale chorus of the work is borrowed from Revelation, while a good deal of the remaining libretto is taken from the Old Testament. FTP, name this oratorio by George Frederic Handel, most famous for the chorus Hallelujah.
Output: Fine Arts
In the Huang-Minlon modification of this reaction, the process is carried out in a high boiling point solvent and the use of sealed tubes is avoided. This organic reaction entails a base catalyzed double bond migration that involves the loss of nitrogen gas before evolving the final product. In the key step, the original reactant is converted to its corresponding hydrazone before finally being converted to an alkyl group. FTP, identify this reduction reaction named after two scientists that converts ketones into alkanes.
Output: Science
This man permitted a group of unarmed protesters to enter Goa in 1955, thirty of which were killed, and later invaded that colony. This man stated, ""We shall never allow that torch of freedom to be blown out, however high the wind or stormy the tempest,"" in his ""Tryst With Destiny"" speech. This man presided over the Lahore session of the Indian National Congress in 1929 that advocated independence. For 20 points, name this man who served as the first prime minister of post-independence India.
Output: History
This work includes the aria "Un bel di," describing a beautiful day when a ship will arrive with the singer's husband after three years away. Unfortunately, the consul Sharpless informs the title character that her husband has married Kate, an American worman. Lieutenant (*) Pinkerton abandons the title character of, for 10 points, what Giacomo Puccini opera about Cio-Cio San, a Japanese woman known by an insect nickname
Output: Fine Arts
This author chronicled a family's fall over 60 years from the perspective of Nell in the collection Moral Disorder. In another work by this author, psychologist Simon Jordan inspects the title maid, who is accused of murdering her former employer Thomas Kinnear. That novel is Alias Grace. Another of her novels follows Snowman as he protects a community of genetically engineered humanoids called Crakers. Along with Oryx and Crake, she wrote a novel set in the Republic of Gilead that follows the title character Offred. For 10 points, name this author of The Handmaid's Tale.
Output: Literature
The greatest Doubletree hotel in the world occupies this city's Arctic Club building, whose facade is lined with terra cotta walrus heads. It's not New York, but a flatiron-shaped building in this city is called the Times Square Building. Elevator operators still work at this city's oldest skyscraper, the pyramid-capped Smith Tower. A library in this city includes a four-story [*] "Book Spiral" that houses its collection along a continuous line. The 1962 World's Fair, was held in this city, prompting the construction of an observation tower that is now located near a Paul Allen-sponsored building resembling a smashed Stratocaster. This city's Central Library was designed by Rem Koolhas, and Frank Gehry designed its Experience Music Project. For 10 points, name this home of the Space Needle.
Output: History
In one play by this author, Geronte is told that he cannot arrange a marriage for his son because the son already married a woman whom he knocked up, but Lucrece ends up marrying Dorante anyway. Another of his plays ends with Severe promising to petition Emperor Decius for religious toleration, after the martyrdom of Paulines husband. In addition to The Liar and that play set in Roman-controlled Armenia, Polyeucte, he wrote about a character who loves Amelia and is pardoned for his plan to assassinate Augustus in Cinna and about a hero who kills Don Gomes and pursues Chimene in his adaptation of a Spanish epic. For 10 points, name this French playwright of Horace and Le Cid.
Output: Literature
The protagonist of this novel takes a job under an ignorant boss who just organizes rallies such as\n Tougher Teeth Week and Banish the Booze Week. The title character is fired for ordering the McCandless\n tenements to be burnt down after inheriting the position of Dr. Almus Pickerbaugh. At the end of this novel\n the protagonist divorces his second wife Joyce Landon and goes to work with Terry Wickett in rural\n Vermont. The title character is invited to join the McGurk Institute by his former teacher Max Gottlieb, and\n his wife Leora Tozer dies from an infected cigarette while he is studying the bubonic plague on the island\n of St. Hubert. For 10 points, name this novel about the title doctor, Martin, by Sinclair Lewis.
Output: Literature
The overall effect of this church council, which declared Jerusalem and Constantinople patriarchates, was to give the church a more stable institutional character. Convoked by the emperor Marcian and held in what is now Kadikoy, Turkey, this council acknowledged the orthodoxy of Theodoret, excommunicated the Monophysite Dioscorus, and approved the Tome of Pope Leo I confirming two distinct natures of Christ. FTP, name this Christian church council of 451 which approved the creed of Nicaea (ny-see-uh).
Output: History
Members of this community carried out the 1860 massacres at Dayr al-Qamr and Zahlah. One member of this group, Sultan al-Atrash, occupied Suwayda in 1925 and sparked the so-called "Great Revolt" against the French. Another leader of this community was Kamal Jumblatt, who was assassinated in 1977, likely on the orders of Hafiz al-Asad. Members of this community are the only non-(*) Jewish group widely represented in the Israel Defense Forces. This group traces its origins to the Persian Hamza ibn Ali, and to al-Hakim, a Fatimid Caliph who vanished in 1021. Represented by a five-pointed star, this is, for 10 points, what offshoot of Shi'i Islam prominent in Israel, Syria, and Lebanon
Output: Social Science
Finding the quadrupole-to-monopole ratio of the correlation function of the space named for this quantity is used to find its namesake distortion parameter, symbolized beta. Mattig's formula is a particular instance of the relation between this quantity and angular size. Because the Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect is independent of this quantity, said effect is used to map galaxy clusters that have high values of it. The K correction is employed in surveys that use this quantity, which include DEEP2, 2dF, and CfA. One method of calculating this quantity involves finding the ratio of the scale factor in the (*) past to the current scale factor, and distortions in it include the Kaiser effect and the "Fingers of God". It is equal to 1089 for the CMB, which corresponds to reionization. This value, symbolized z, is negative for M81 because M81 is moving towards us. For 10 points, name this quantity found by dividing the difference between the observed and emitted wavelength and dividing by the emitted wavelength, which is a change in the observed wavelength from an object moving away from the observer.
Output: Science
composer used a pun on the word "celebration" to title his piece composed for a millennial in honor of Saints Cyril and Methodius, his Slavimo Slavno Slaveni! He composed the introduction and planned out a work that borrowed the "March of the Puritans" theme from Bellini's I puritani and collaborated with him, Chopin, Czerny, and others. In addition to the Hexameron, he set a Ferdinand Freiligrath poem to the third and most famous of his Liebestraum. His works for two pianos include his Concerto pathetique. He invented a genre which sought to separate concert overtures into a standalone form, examples of which include Prometheus, Orpheus, and Les preludes. This composer of a Piano Sonata in B minor also labeled his Bagatelle without tonality as his fourth Mephisto Waltz. For 10 points, name this composer who used the folk tunes of his homeland to write his nineteen Hungarian Rhapsodies.
Output: Fine Arts
of this religion's dietary plan such as eating raw fruit and once-daily meals are outlined by one of its leaders in How to Eat to Live. That leader claimed that the Book of Ezekiel passage about wheels of beryl described a circular flying object made of connecting spheres called the Mother Plane. It holds that an experiment conducted on the island of Patmos by Dr. Yakub created all other people from a "black seed. " This religion is currently led by Louis Farrakhan, and it originally claimed that the last prophet was not Muhammad but Elijah Muhammad. For 10 points, name this religion, a supposed Muslim sect associated with Elijah Muhammad and Malcom X that advocates Black supremacy.
Output: Social Science
An enzyme dependent on this metallic element as a cofactor is inhibited by hydroxyurea. An ion of this element is found in the +4 oxidation state bound to an oxo ligand in the key mechanistic step of an enzyme that also uses the cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin; that enzyme is phenylalanine hydroxylase. This element is used in the Bechamp reduction. The first known ligands of hapticity 5 were bonded to a central atom of this metal. It's not aluminum, but this element's trichloride is often used as a catalyst in the chlorination of arenes. This element is present both as the counter-ion and in the central complex ion of the dye Prussian blue. An alloy of this element and carbon can undergo martensite or pearlite phase transitions. For 10 points, name this transition metal found in ferrocene.
Output: Science
Several generals were killed in this nation in 1965 by the September 30th Movement. This country's independence was recognized in a document signed by Queen Juliana and Mohammed Hatta. A recent ruler of this country was called Gus Dur, and it's also been ruled by Megawati. An earlier leader of this country hosted an influential 1955 meeting of developing nations at the Bandung Conference. For 10 points, name country once ruled by Sukarno, the most populous Muslim country.
Output: History
An Arabic king abandons a Babylonian king in the desert after being locked in a maze in one story by this author, while a lack of Arabic words for tragedy and comedy stymie the title character's attempts to explain the concepts in another. In addition to "The Two Kings and the Two Labyrinths" and "Averroes's Search", he wrote one story in which Nils Runeburg writes books about the title apostle "as God and the Real Savior" and "as the human counterpart of Jesus" and wrote about a young medical student in Argentina reading the Bible to an illiterate family in another story. This author of "Three Versions of Judas" and "The Gospel According to Mark" wrote a story about a point in space that contains all other points and is in the cellar of Daneri's house, and one story in which Yu Tsan kills Dr. Stephen Albert to convey the name of a city to be bombed. For 10 pointsname this author of "The Aleph" and "The Garden of the Forking Paths".
Output: Fine Arts
In July 1934, this city was the location of "Bloody Thursday" when the longshoremen's union fought against rivals for employment. In 1975, it was where Squeaky Fromme attempted to assassinate Gerald Ford. In 1945, a two-month (*) conference in this city designed the United Nations, and in 1978, Dianne Feinstein became its mayor when former politician Dan White killed George Moscone and Harvey Milk. For 10 points, name this city which, in 1989 and 1906, suffered large earthquakes.
Output: History
An individual from this country was likely responsible for the Dulcie September shooting in Paris, and collaborated with private American interests to organize Operation Babushka, formally known as the IFF, which focused heavily on discrediting dissidents in this country and was overseen by Jack Abramoff. Craig Williamson's trail of death while serving this country's government may have extended to the murder of Swedish PM Olaf Palme nearly ten years after an event recounted in Joe Slovo's No Middle Road broke out here as a result of language-based education laws. UNSCR-134 condemned an incident in this site of the Church Street Bombing that saw tension over the Cato Manor killings lead police to fire on protesters in the Sharpeville Massacre. For 10 points, identify this country which imprisoned members of the Spear of the Nation on Robben Island and saw the Soweto Uprising during the long struggle against Apartheid.
Output: History
In one work by this author, the owner of a restaurant tries to get involved in her husband's political campaign, but the conservatives end up using her past promiscuity to win, and a character created by this author goes out of her way to not tan, but dies from a heart attack when attempting to save her children from an undertow. The author of After the Banquet and The Sailor who Fell from Grace with the Sea, the protagonist dreams of eating a schoolmate and realizes that he is gay in his novel Confessions of a Mask, and one figure created by him buys arsenic and a knife, but ends up not committing suicide after burning the title locale. FTP, Mizoguchi ends up torching the Temple of the Golden Pavilion in a novel by what Japanese author
Output: Literature
In one essay by this man, an unnamed policeman in Burma is pressured by the natives to kill the title creature. In addition to ""Shooting an Elephant,"" this man wrote a novel in which the protagonist is married to the absent Katharine and works with Ampleforth, and another novel in which Boxer is exploited before being sent to his death by Napoleon. The latter novel sees the implementation of a maxim that states ""all"" the title characters ""are equal, but some are more equal than others. "" For 10 points, name this English author who wrote the dystopian 1984 and Animal Farm.
Output: Literature
The difference between this value for constituent atoms increases going up the right side of Ketelaar's triangle. The spectroscopic type of it was developed by Leland Allen, and it is inversely proportional to the square of the covalent radius and proportional to the effective nuclear charge in the AllredRochow type. Ionization energy and electron affinity are added together to determine the Mulliken type, and fluorine, measuring four, has the highest value according to the Pauling scale for it. For 10 points, name this measure of the tendency of an atom in a molecule to attract electrons within bonds.
Output: Science
two sides of this conflict briefly reconciled on Lady Day in what was called the "Love Day procession. " During this conflict, Parliament instituted the Titulus Regius by declaring one ruler's marriage to Elizabeth Woodville invalid. The enmity between the Neville and Percy families spilled over into this conflict. One battle during this war was fought near a namesake abbey, and saw Edward IV defeat the forces of Margaret of Anjou. In addition to the Battle of Tewksbury and two battles fought at Saint Albans, this war included the defeat of Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth Field. For 10 points, name this series of English wars between the houses of Lancaster and York.
Output: History
It is widely believed that the name of this religion is based on one of its early heretics who was killed for preaching that a reigning caliph was the reincarnation of God. This was first practiced at the Raydan Mosque in Cairo once Hamza ibn Ali moved there, and their holy works include the Epistles of Wisdom while incorporating other religious and philosophical works. Practitioners, who do not believe in conversion and keep their teachings secret, refer to themselves as monotheists. This religion is a descendant of Ismailism, which is a branch of Shia Islam, and it dates to the 11th century. Name this group represented by a star with five colors, most of whom live in Lebanon and Syria.
Output: Social Science
The vertical component of the effect caused by this force is sometimes named for Eotvos. The ratio of inertial forces to the magnitude of this force is a dimensionless number named for Rossby. This force causes the apparent (*) deflection of objects moving in rotating reference frames. For 10 points, name this fictitious force that causes winds to deflect to the north and south of the equator, which is responsible for the formation of cyclones.
Output: Science
In Weber's opera Oberon, he provides the impetus for the slaying of Babekan and marriage of Rezia to Huon. His son Chariot uses a chessboard to kill the son of Ogier the Dane. Historically, the Basques ambushed the rear guard of his army at Roncesvalles, where his legendary nephew was killed. FTP, identify this man who brought the scholarly monk Alcuin to his court and who in the chansons de geste was surrounded by twelve men, including Malagigi the Enchanter, Florismart, and Roland.
Output: History
In one story, this man saved the town of Gubbio by making a pact with an attacking wolf. After spending time as a Perugian captive, he saw a vision of a hall full of cross-marked armor, which encouraged him to travel to Apulia. After 40 days' fasting on the mountain La Verna, he saw a six-winged seraph, after which he received the stigmata, according to his namesake Fioretti. He praised Sister Death, Brother Fire, and Brother Moon in his Canticle of the Sun, and was credited with inventing the Nativity creche scene. For 10 points, identify this Catholic patron saint of animals, the founder of a namesake group whose first two orders are the Poor Clares and the Friars Minor.
Output: History
The reactance of an inductor is equal to this quantity times the inductance, and resonance occurs at the natural type of this quantity. Beats occur two waves have very close values for this quantity. High-energy waves like gamma rays have higher values for this quantity, since the energy is equal to h-bar times this quantity. The Doppler effect results in a shift in this quantity which is measured in Hertz and which is equal to the number of oscillations per second. For 10 points, name this quantity equal to velocity divided by wavelength that has units of one over time.
Output: Science
In this religion, the last step a devotee needs to perform to reach a union with God is known as Sach Khand. Practitioners of this religion engage in meditation called simran. One of the leaders of this religion emphasized that metal bracelets and curved swords are two of the five key requisites for an ideal devotee. Gobind created the five (*) "K"s for the Khalsa branch of this religion. Devotees often travel to the Golden Temple in Amritsar to pay their respects. For ten points, name this Indian religion, practiced mainly by Punjabis and founded by Guru Nanak.
Output: Social Science
The underpinning of this phenomenon hinges on considering the ensemble average of expectation values of the intrinsic angular momentum resulting from using the S-O Hamiltonian, as these expectation values vary harmonically in a strong field. Its namesake spectrum corresponds to a proper limit of the Larmor equation. It is of especial utility in studying ring flipping in cyclic hydrocarbons and, in 1985, it was used to determine the structure of fullerene. Proteins are frequently studied using its namesake spectroscopy, which produces a graph of chemical shift as a function of applied frequency. FTP, identify this phenomenon in which atoms have large responses to certain frequencies of applied fields; the basis for MRI's.
Output: Science
At the end of one of this man's novels, Levi Blackwater plucks a few hairs from the head of a dead man. That dead man, Selvy, was decapitated by a man named Van in a section of the novel called "Marathon Mines. "  At the end of another of his novels, a photographer named Brita watches an early morning wedding procession from an apartment in East Beirut. That novel features the death of a novelist named Bill Gray and begins with a Moonie wedding held at Yankee Stadium. In addition to Running Dog and Mao II, this man has written about a professor named Jack Gladney in a novel that features an airborne toxic event. FTP, name this American author of Underworld and White Noise.
Output: Literature
One story by this author sees the narrator fail to find a suitable gift for the girl he has fallen in love with at a bazaar, while Greta recounts the death of Michael Furey to Gabriel Conroy in another story by this man. This author of "Araby" and "The Dead" also wrote a work set on June 16th which features characters such as Blazes Boylan, who manages Molly's singing career. That work centers on Leopold Bloom and Stephen Dedalus, who was introduced in this author's Portrait of an Artist as a Young Man. For 10 points, name this Irish author of Dubliners and Ulysses.
Output: Literature
[RF] He spent most of his career in Rome, but returned to his native country in triumph twice, after the successes of his works Antiochus and Stratonice and The Vow of Louis XIII. However, during most of his career, critics denounced his "Gothic" compositions, though he did win the Prix de Rome in 1801 for his Ambassadors of Agamemnon in the Tent of Achilles. He wished to focus on history paintings such as The Apotheosis of Homer but is today remember for his sumptuous elongated nudes, the most famous of which was criticized for having three extra vertebrae For 10 points, name this French neoclassical painter of The Turkish Bath and The Grand Odalisque.
Output: Fine Arts
The first design for this building was offered by Luckman and Pereira, but the patron's daughter, Phyllis Lambert, rejected it. It is often stylistically grouped with Skidmore Owings & Merrill's Lever House, which sits across the street. Its interior contains many other works of modern art, such as a sculpture by Richard Lippold and a backdrop for performance of The Three-Cornered Hat painted by Picasso, and paintings by Rothko were intended to be displayed in the building's Four Seasons restaurant before that project fell through. Located at 375 Park Avenue in Midtown Manhattan, FTP identify this modernist skyscraper designed mainly by Mies van der Rohe and Philip Johnson for a brewing company.
Output: Fine Arts
The film of this name stars Oscar Levant and Alexis Smith, and a desire to beat out a rival named Vincent Lopez indirectly inspired the composition of this piece, on which the composer made great progress while riding a train to Boston. Followed up chronologically by the composers Cuban Overture and a Concerto in F, the New York Tribune advised listeners to weep over the lifelessness of this work. It was commissioned by Paul Whiteman, scored by his arranger Ferde Grofe and famously named after a visit to a Whistler gallery by the composers brother Ira. FTP, name this George Gershwin work with a famous clarinet opening and a colorful title.
Output: Fine Arts
The lower and left lateral portions of this organ form the uncinate process, and many of its products empty through the duct of Wirsung. It is primarily composed of acinar cells, while other portions of it have recently been discovered to produce ghrelin in epsilon cells, along with somatostatin in delta cells. Its exocrine portions produce enterokinase, its namesake lipase, and trypsin, which are secreted into the duodenum. For 10 points, name this organ whose alpha and beta cells of the islets of Langerhans produce glucagon and insulin.
Output: Science
One of this composers symphonies has a horn enter a recapitulation of the theme four bars before the rest of the orchestra, and that work's second movement is a funeral march. This composer wrote the "Waldstein" piano sonata and the "Kreutzer" violin sonata. On symphony by this composer opens with a G-G-G-E flat motif. One symphony he wrote sets the Schiller poem "Ode to Joy" for chorus in its final movement. For 10 points, name this composer of the Eroica symphony, whose 5th symphony has a "fate knocking at the door" theme, and who was deaf when he wrote his 9th symphony.
Output: Fine Arts
Wolfgang Kapp's coup was stopped in this city after a general strike. A meeting at this location gave Cyprus to the British, while another meeting here concluded with a General Act that established the Congo as private property. The Glienicke Bridge just outside this city was used to conduct several spy exchanges. Three corridors were used to access this city during one event here, where Operation Little Vittles was conducted. Checkpoint Charlie in this city was a famous part of a structure built here under orders from Walter Ulbricht. For 10 points, identify this capital of the Hohenzollern family of Prussia, split into 4 occupation zones following World War II.
Output: History
Obscure rulers of this polity include Sinatruk, who came to power at the age of 80 during an invasion from the north. It was known as "Anxi" to the Chinese and was founded by a member of the Parni tribe. The Kingdoms of Characene and Elymais were part of this larger polity, whose notable generals included Surena. It began as a revolt against Andragoras, a Seleucid governor. During the reign of Orodes II this empire ruled by the Arsacid Dynasty won the Battle of Carrhae against the Roman triumvir Crassus, but it would be destroyed by Ardashir I who founded its successor state after capturing Ctesephon. For ten points, name this empire in Persia that preceded the Sassanids.
Output: History
One of the frescos contained in this building is Perugino's Delivery of the Keys, and another work shows the Red Sea with red water. The left wall of this building is lined with different frescoes depicting the life of Moses, while the right wall has pictures depicting the life of Christ. One of the paintings shows St. Bartholomew holding his flayed skin. The artist who painted that also painted The Last Judgment on the back wall after he completed the massive ceiling painting. For 10 points, name this building, where Michelangelo painted The Creation of Adam and where papal conclaves are held in Vatican City.
Output: Fine Arts
The cantata The Lovers was completed late in his career, Hermit Songs  was first sung by Leontyne Price, while his work Knoxville  was inspired by James Agee. He premiered a setting of Dover Beach  on NBC in 1935 and spent some time in the early 1950s composing ballets including, Souvenirs  and Medea's Meditation , but he found greater acclaim for choral works like Prayers of Kierkegaard  and the opera Vanessa . FTP identify this composer of 2 symphonies, famed for The Rose Tree , the Capricorn Concerto  and the Adagio for Strings .
Output: Fine Arts