niryuu/sni-each-converted huggingface dataset:
W.H. Auden's long poem "The Sea and the Mirror" is subtitled "a commentary" on this work. In this play, two drunkards named Stephano and Trinculo bribe one character with clothing from a stolen suitcase. The witch Sycorax sired one character in this play, which also includes a spirit who conjures visions of gods. (*) Ariel and Caliban appear in this play, in which Miranda is the daughter of a former duke who can perform magic. For 10 points, name this play in which Prospero conjures the title storm in an attempt to regain the Duchy of Milan, written by Shakespeare.
Output: Literature
One outstanding article from this agreement that had failed to be ratified dealt with trade in the West Indies. Less notable results from this agreement include the prohibition of outfitting enemies of one signatorys privateers, while a more notable result was compensation for depredation against American shipping. France held that it violated a 1778 agreement, which led to undeclared naval war. The British agreed to evacuate the Northwest Territory, and the Americans agreed to provide for the payment of Pre-Revolution America and Great Britain. For ten points, identify this unpopular treaty, named for the author of some of the Federalist Papers and a Chief Justice.
Output: History
This man referred to Anabaptists as "yucokonoi" in the preface to a work refuting the idea of "soul sleep." This author of Psychopannychia explained his theological views in Institutes of the Christian Religion. He denounced Michael Servetus and mentored John Knox while heading the church of a city to which he returned five years after being expelled and going to Strasbourg. For 10 points, name this French minister led the Protestant Reformation in Geneva, where he preached the doctrine of predestination.
Output: History
The Ki Teitzel and Ki Tavo represent two of the weekly reading portions prescribed for this book. Along with the Book of Numbers this text in Chapter twenty-two commands the wearing of twisted threads known as Tzitzit, and some suggest that its primary redaction occurred during the reforms of King Josiah. Chapter two of this notes that Zamzummims, or giants, once existed among the children of Ammon, but God killed them all, and it warns the Israelites not to harm the Ammonites. Chapter Six verse four of this states, "Hear, O Israel: the Lord is our god, the Lord is one," which constitutes the Shema. Known as the Devarim in the Hebrew Bible and with a name derived from the Greek for "second law," for 10 points, name this fifth book of the Old Testament.
Output: Social Science
One of its later rulers effectively started ruling it after defeating a leader allied with Vytautus. One leader of this polity was defeated at the Battle of Kulikovo, while another ruler of it was assassinated after conquering Tabriz. In addition to Egidu, Mamai, and Jani Beg, one of its leaders sacked Moscow in 1382, and was named Tokhtamysh. The earlier military leadership of the general Subedei had helped it gain land along the Volga, though it was dealt a major blow when its capital Sarai Berke was sacked by Tamarlane in 1395. Originally consisting of Blue and White components, for 10 points, name this khanate first established under Batu Khan, perhaps named for the color of Batu's tent.
Output: History
A paper he wrote about the geometrical representation of a certain kind of property by means of surfaces so excited Maxwell that he made a model illustrating the method. During the early 1880s, this man worked on a modification of the quaternion which he thought could be adapted into a new system of vector analysis, but it had little impact. He developed an "electrical theory of light" which presumed that light is a disturbance propagating through relatively fine-grained media, while his last work was a treatise on Elementary Principles in Statistical Mechanics which he completed a year before his death in 1903. His greatest discovery was popularized by the Dutch scientist who experimentally confirmed it, Hendrik Roozeboom. His most famous work was translated by Le Chatelier and Ostwald, and established a basis for the theory of the thermodynamic properties of heterogenous substances. FTP, name this founder of physical chemistry, an American scientist known for his namesake phase rule.
Output: Science
He loved animals so much that he kept a brood of white mice in a drawer in his first Paris studio. The artist had a billy goat in southern France, but it lost favor after developing a penchant for butting his son Claude. Despite this, animals were not frequently depicted in his early oeuvre, but did become more prevalent in such later works as 1944's Man with Sheep and 1950's She-Goat. FTP, name this eventually Cubist painter, who depicted at least parts of animals in his most famous painting, 1937's Guernica.
Output: Fine Arts
This composer wrote a ballet about seven buffoons who kill their wives after a mysterious man tells them he will bring them back to life with a magic whip. This composer of The Steel Step and Chout wrote the score for a ballet that includes an intense duet with "the Siren" based on a parable from the gospel of Luke. Another ballet's third act centers around three galops performed by the Prince before he recognizes the title character. In addition to The Prodigal Son, he composed a ballet featuring the "Dance of the Knights" and a famous dance by Queen Mab whose first act "Gavotte" is based on a theme from his Classical Symphony. For 10 points, name this Russian composer who wrote the ballets Cinderella and Romeo and Juliet, as well as Peter and the Wolf.
Output: Fine Arts
This poet asked his wife for forgiveness in their old age in his three-volume work ""Asphodel, That Greeny Flower. "" Another work of his personifies a city which ""lives in the shadow of Passaic Falls. "" This author of Paterson claimed ""no ideas but in things,"" a maxim borne out by poems which describe the title object ""glazed with rainwater beside the white (*) chickens"" and apologize for eating ""the plums that were in the icebox. "" For 10 points, name this poet of ""The Red Wheelbarrow"" and ""This Is Just To Say. ""
Output: Social Science
of this composer's piano pieces is a sixty two-bar long opening to his Morceaux de Fantaisie. This composer set orthodox hymns in his All-Night Vigil, and he based another work on a Konstantin Balmont translation. He also composed a tone poem that opens by musically symbolizing the rowing of oars and later incorporates the Dies Irae to depict Charon; that work was inspired by an Arnold Bocklin painting. This composer of the Prelude in C Sharp Minor, The Bells, and The Isle of the Dead also wrote a piece that is based on the twenty-fourth caprice of a namesake Italian violin virtuoso. For 10 points, name this Russian composer of the Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini.
Output: Fine Arts
The finale of this man's third symphony sets a text by Kirsanov to music, praising May Day and the revolution. In one of this man's ballets, Lyonka hates working at a factory and plans to sabotage the machinery by putting a namesake "bolt" in it. This composer's thirteenth symphony sets Yevtushenko's poetry to music to denounce anti- semitism. His seventh symphony, written in C major, was initially dedicated to the first communist leader of the USSR, and then to a city named after that man. For 10 points, name this Soviet-era Russian composer of the Babi-Yar  and Leningrad  symphonies.
Output: Fine Arts
The Debye-Sears effect concerns materials exhibiting this effect that are placed in a liquid and vibrated at a fixed frequency, in which they set up acoustic waves. Trigonal crystals exhibiting it are especially useful in the eponymous oscillator. The reverse version of the effect is also useful, and occurs when a potential difference is applied to materials that exhibit it, such as barium titanate, Rochelle salts, and quartz. FTP, what is this effect, the generation of a potential difference in certain non-conducting crystals that are subjected to stress
Output: Science
This composer reworked the music for the ballet Ala i Lolli into his Scythian Suite, while he composed a Symphony-Concerto for Mstislav Rostropovich, inspiring a similar work by Shostakovich. A poem by Balmont inspired his Visions Fugitive set for piano, while Valery Bryusovs novel The Fiery Angel was the basis of his opera of the same name. The March is the most famous section of his opera The Love for Three Oranges, while the Troika is the fourth movement of his Lieutenant Kije Suite. Better known for the opera War and Peace and his ballets Cinderella and Romeo and Juliet, this is, FTP, which this Russian composer of Peter and the Wolf
Output: Fine Arts
In yeast, Pot1 has been found to be critical to their stability, and the malfunction of these structures can result in ataxia telangiectasia. SIR2, SIR3 and SIR4At the end of each one of these is a complex including TIN1, TIN2, and POT1 known as the shelterin complex and includes the T-loop, and when they are compromised, their namesake dysfunction-induced foci are created. In yeast, they are regulated by the Rap1 protein, while in humans, they are regulated by TRF1. The number of times a cell may divide before these become critical is the Hayflick limit, and they are distinguished from double-strand breaks by protecting against non-homologous end joining in the "capping" process. For 10 points, name these sequences, which in vertebrates are repetitions of TTAGGG, that protect the ends of chromosomes from destruction during replication.
Output: Science
In 2012, a circular feature was discovered on this body and nicknamed a "Hot Cross Bun" by NASA for the similarity of its cracks to those formed by uplift from baking. One feature on this body is a reflective region known as Xanadu, while Ganesa Macula and Sotra Facula may be sites of (*) cryovolcanism. The reflection of extremely low frequency radio waves from it may be an indication of an interior sea. This moon is home to Ontario Lacas, discovered to be a hydrocarbon lake by the Cassini-Huygens mission. An indicator of life on this body is the presence of higher concentrations of hydrogen in this body's upper atmosphere than in its lower atmosphere. For 10 points, name this only satellite with a dense atmosphere, the largest moon of Saturn.
Output: Science
One of this man's sons married Hipponome, with whom he fathered Amphitryon, and besides Alcaeus his children included Autochthone and Sthenelus. While riding over Libya, this man created some serpents that later killed Mopsus. This figure traded kingdoms with Megapenthes, giving him control over Tiryns, and this man killed another figure at Teutamides' funeral games with a discus. He founded the kingdom of Mycenae after finding a mushroom, and during his most famous action analyzed a mural at Deicterion. This figure's adoptive father asked for a horse in order to woo Hippodamia. That figure was the king of Seriphos, Polydectes. This figure obtained magical items from the Stygian nymphs, and during his quest fell in love with the daughter of Casseopia and Cepheus and killed the monster Ceto. Washing up on land in a chest with his mother Danae, FTP, name this mythological figure who used a cap of invisibility, a pair of winged sandals, and a mirrored shield to kill Medusa, the husband of Andromeda.
Output: Social Science
This mans father died at the Battle of Coronea after distinguishing himself in the Battle of Artemisium. When he was wounded at Potidaea, his chum Socrates came to his aid. Later, while this man was assisting Thrasybulus at Phocaea, Antiochus disobeyed his command to not attack, leading to the destruction of his fleet at Notium by Lysander and this mans subsequent self-imposed exile to Thrace. He advocated prolonging the Peloponnesian War to Tissaphernes, a Persian satrap, and he argued against Nicias in favor of a war against Selinus in support of the Segestans. However, he was recalled from the Sicilian Expedition to stand trial, but he escaped with his crew during the return voyage to Athens and instead joined the Spartan cause. FTP, name this Athenian general who switched allegiances a lot.
Output: History
woman borrows the title object then loses it, forcing her and her husband into poverty. For 15 points name this Guy de Maupassant.
Output: Fine Arts
The death of Grischa, who never appears onstage, catalyzes the events of this play. One of the characters turns down a lucrative position at a bank in favor of a life spent munching candy and contemplating imaginary billiards shots. Another, the protagonist's neighbor, is constantly in debt and sells his land to clay miners. The servant Dunyasha hopes to marry Yasha but is threatened with betrothal to Simple Simon. The tutor Trofimov is in love with the daughter of the central character, whose governess Charlotte does magic tricks at the ball in Act 3. That ball is eventually crashed by Lopakhin, who announces he has bought the title estate at auction from Madame Ranevskaya. FTP name this play by Anton Chekhov, whose title entity is eventually cut down.
Output: Literature
One scene reveals the heroine, accompanied by her lapdog, Shock, triumphing over the Baron in a game of ombre. However, despite the protection of the Sylph Ariel, the Baron perpetrates the titular act, and chaos ensues, aggravated by the Gnome Umbriel. After lamentations and an epic battle fought with a bodkin, the title object is made into a constellation that "the Muse shall consecrate to fame, and 'midst the stars inscribe Belinda's name. "  Describing "what dire offense from amorous causes springs, what mighty contests rise from trivial things...", FTP, what is this famous five canto mock epic by Alexander Pope
Output: Literature
This man defined the three types of furniture to be type-needs, human-limb, and type-furniture in his book The Decorative Art of Today, and he designed a set of tubular steel chairs for the Maison la Roche. He used the ideas of the Vitruvian man and the golden mean in his Modulor system, exemplified in the Villa Garche. Father Courtier sponsored his priory at La Tourette and his Notre Dame du Haut. The five points he outlined in Towards A New Architecture were put into practice in the piloti-supported Villa Savoye. For 10 points, name this modern architect, a Swiss/French proponent of the International School.
Output: Fine Arts
The intent of the Federal advance in this battle was to seize the Memphis & Charleston Railroad. The Union counterattack was led by Major General Lewis Wallace on April 7, against which Beauregard managed a tenacious defense. Beginning when Confederate forces launched an offense attempting to push the Union, led by Grant, into the swamps at Owl Creek, the Confederate flank attack was stalled at Sarah Bell's peach orchard and the "hornet's nest," during which General A. S. Johnston was killed. FTP, identify this early battle of the Civil War that took place at Pittsburg Landing.
Output: History
In 1948, by officially including it in his platform, Daniel F. Malan was able to bring his party to power for the first time. Put in place with the Population Registration and Group Areas Acts of 1950 its initial focus was on urban areas. It became harsher during Hendrik Verwoerd's prime ministership with the creation of ten Bantustan "homelands. "  It resulted in the Soweto riots, the massacre at Sharpeville, and the life sentence of Nelson Mandela. FTP, identify this policy of racial segregation in South Africa.
Output: History
Sandra Lauderdale Graham's book House and Street examines 19th-century labor practices in this city. One neighborhood in this city lies on the banks of the Rodrigo de Freitas lagoon. Another neighborhood here has a name that means "like a rattle" in Tupi; that neighborhood, (*) Maracana, is home to this city's major stadium. Cariocas are natives of this city, which is overlooked by mountains called the Sugarloaf and the Hunchback. The latter, or  Corcovado, is home to a giant statue of Christ the Redeemer. For 10 points, name this city on Guanabara Bay which was replaced by Brasilia as its nation's capital, the host of the 2016 Summer Olympics.
Output: Social Science
One of this artist's works was called a "page of history" by Georges Riviere, who along with Frank Lamy and Norbert Goeneutte appear in that painting. In a painting by this man located at the Phillips Collection, a pink and white awning covers the central group. This painter depicted a woman in a blue and yellow dress enjoying a ball at the Butte Montmartre. This artist is best known for a portrayal of Gustave Caillebotte wearing a straw hat and sitting among friends enjoying fruit and wine on the Seine. For 10 points, name this French Impressionist artist of Dance at the Moulin de la Galette and Luncheon of the Boating Party.
Output: Fine Arts
In this painting, a dwarf-like boy holding a large powder horn runs off to the left, while a man holding a lance stands in the background. An old man looks down while blowing gunpowder out of his gun, and a red musketeer reloads his rifle to the left. A dog barks at a drummer in the lower right, and an upside-down chicken hangs from the girdle of a golden girl. The two central figures are highlighted by a double-spotlight, and in spite of its title, this painting depicts a daytime scene. For 10 points, name this painting depicting a company of soldiers by Rembrandt van Rijn.
Output: Fine Arts
In the body, a reaction that uses the enzyme arginase produces both ornithine and this product in a process that has a citrulline intermediate. Birds and reptile produce a similar acidified form of this compound which is excreted as a white mass. Sometimes known as carbamide, it contains two amino groups bonded to a central carbonyl group and was produced by Friedrich Wohler (VUH-ler) in a reaction that showed that organic compounds could be produced from simple starting ingredients. For 10 points, name this compound found in mammalian urine.
Output: Science
A plot named for this man contains a line graph representing the partial sum of an underlying bar graph. In Cours d'conomie politique, he introduced a namesake law describing income distribution. He suggested replacing the term "utility" with "ophelimity," and his namesake distribution has the heavy-tailed property. He claimed that "residue" and "derivation" cause human action, and discussed the (*) "circulation of elites," in Mind and Society, and in Manual of Political Economy, he introduced indifference curves. For 10 points, identify this Italian economist, who names a situation where no person can better themselves without worsening someone else, his namesake optimum.
Output: Social Science
This composer included an allegretto quasi menuetto second movement in his 1st Sonata for Cello and used stanzas from Goethe's Harzreise im Winter for his Alto Rhapsody. This creator of Variations and Fugue on a Theme by Handel wrote a first symphony sometimes called ""Beethoven's Tenth. "" He used the text of Luther's translation of the Bible for a choral work written after the death of his mother, the (*) German Requiem. For 10 points, name this German composer of the Academic Festival Overture, and a famous Lullaby.
Output: Fine Arts
The spherical helix is the tangent indicatrix of a curve of constant this. A relativistic form of it occurs for bound electrons due to their being in non-inertial frames and is named for Thomas. Vector quantities generally undergo this phenomenon when orthogonal to their time derivatives. A second-order type of this motion is called nutation. Analysis of the best-known type of it requires the understanding that the torque due to gravity is the time derivative of the angular velocity. FTP, name this physical phenomenon, a periodic change axial direction of a rotating object, exhibited by gyroscopes and spinning tops.
Output: Science
The "paper son" scheme was used to bypass this law, which was extended for ten years by the Geary Act and made permanent in 1902. Repealed by the Magnuson Act during World War II, a side effect of it was the Webb Alien Land Law. Denis Kearney, the head of the Workingmen's Party of California, was one of its chief proponents, and Benjamin Harrison opposed it because he believed that it violated the Burlingame Treaty of 1868. For 10 points, name this 1882 law that restricted immigration to the United States from a certain Asian country.
Output: History
This author wrote an essay attacking the German railroad industry, noting that a Vanderbilt should step in and reform the system. That essay ends by saying "it is the greatest folly of which a man can be capable, to sit down with a slate and pencil to plan out a new social world. " Besides The Absurd Effort to Make the World Over, one of his essays attacks the "ecclesiastical prejudice in favor of the poor and against the rich," while another essay urges that attention be turned away from the poor "goodfornothing" and instead towards the "productive force. " That essay describes the namesake individual as a commonplace man who carries society's burdens. Besides What Social Classes Owe to Each Other and The Forgotten Man, his best known work features the subtitle a study of the sociological importance of usages, manners, customs, mores, and morals and describes the title behavioral norms. For 10 points, name this American sociologist, the author of Folkways.
Output: Social Science
This property diverges in metals with magnetic impurities as the temperature tends to absolute zero, an example of asymptotic freedom known as the Kondo effect. The von Klitzing constant observed in the quantum Hall effect takes the units of this electrical property, and allows for it to be measured extremely precisely. A braided Litz wire must be used to counter this property's increase in AC circuits due to the skin effect. In AC circuits, this is the real quantity added to the reactance to calculate the impedance. For 10 points, name this electrical property whose SI unit is the ohm, which measures a circuit element's opposition to the passage of current.
Output: Science
The laws of this province were revised by Tiberius Julius Alexander. While in this province dealing with Lucius Domitius Domitianus, Diocletian's horse tripped, prompting the emperor not to level its largest city. In 19 CE, Tiberius censured Germanicus for an unauthorized trip to this province. A ruler of this province named Petronius led a punitive expedition against a one-eyed queen named Candace. The first governor of this home province of Saint (*) Clement wrote poetry addressed to Lycoris before ultimately committing suicide; that man was named Gaius Cornelius Gallus. It effectively came under Roman control following a victory for Marcus Agrippa in 31 BCE. For 10 points, name this Roman province established after the Battle of Actium when Mark Antony and Cleopatra were defeated.
Output: History
An offshoot of this faith known as the Azali was considered the true belief system by E. G. Browne, a 19th and 20th century authority on many of its writings. Two martyrs for this religion were eulogized as the "Twin Shining Lights" in a text written to the son of Aga Najafi, also called the "wolf" by this religion's founder. The dogmas of this religion can be summarized as unity of God, unity of humanity, and unity of religion, and several other key tenets are found in its holy book, the Kitab-i-Aqdas. Shoghi Effendi served as "Guardian" of this faith during the 20th century, and it was founded by a man whose name translates to Glory of God and who took on the mantle and adopted many of the teachings of the Bab. For 10 points, name this Persian religion founded by Baha'ullah.
Output: Social Science
In one work by this writer, a farmer flies to heaven on a monstrous dung-beetle and later frees the goddess Peace from a pit. One work by this writer begins with a man complaining about the debts that his son's horse obsession has racked up and concludes with the burning down of the Socrates's "Thinkery." In another work by this playwright, Peisthetaerus works with the title avians to build a city between heaven and earth, Cloud-Cuckoo Land. For 10 points, name this Athenian comedic playwright of The Clouds and The Birds.
Output: Literature
Traditionally, this country's first ruler is considered to be Fa Ngum, who established the Lan Xang kingdom. Coups in this country were led by Kong Le and Phoumi Nosavan, who both opposed the governments of Souvanna Phouma. A group in this country that opposed the use of phu nyai or "big man"  politics was Hak Xat. The former RLG member Thongthip Rathanavilai wrote Man in the Region of Death about prison camps in this country. With the aid of the Viet Minh, Prince Souphanuvong led a group that overthrew a US-backed government of this country that was centered in Vientiane. It is not Cambodia, but the Ho Chi Minh trail ran through this country. For 10 points, in 1975 a namesake Communist Pathet party gained control of what country
Output: History
The uppermost image in this painting is the cross which adorns the church at the top. A small red hat adorns the green man on the right of this canvas. The grape-bunch-like tree in the central-bottom part of the painting is a symbol of life, and the farmer and cow looking at each other in the foreground represent the give and take of agricultural life. In the distance, a man with a hoe walks along a road along with an upside down woman fiddling. Name, for 10 points, this 1911 work combining French surrealist technique with Yiddish folk themes by Marc Chagall.
Output: Fine Arts
Two of its leaders, David Bradford and John Mitchell, were convicted of treason, but each received a presidential pardon. Among its causes were the predominance of absentee landlords, a lack of protection from Indians, and the absence of federal courts; the revolt began when a mob of farmers told a local tax collector to leave the state, leading to an armed confrontation. When Governor Thomas Mifflin refused to become involved,  President Washington called up 13,000 militiamen to end the uprising. FTP, name this 1794 revolt that erupted in Washington County, Pennsylvania, to protest a new excise tax on distilleries.
Output: History
Milly reenacts this historical event at a sociable around Thanksgiving to help the Pontipees in a short story by Stephen Vincent Benet, while it is also recreated by Wilfrid and Claude, thanks to the teachings of Lady Carlotta, in Sakis The Schartz-Metterklume Method. A sculpture representing this event was created by Giambologna, while paintings that do so include those by Schnfeld and Rubens. Jacques-Louis David painted this event from the other perspective with the Tarpeian Rock in the background and Hersilia hoping to reconcile the two parties, while Poussin created two paintings with Romulus clad in red. According to Livy, Romulus offered the captives property rights after, FTP, which historical event where the Romans ran off with others wives during a festival
Output: Social Science
This functional group can be oxidized by peroxycarboxylic acids to form oxiranes, or epoxides. The addition of cold, dilute, aqueous potassium permanganate also oxidizes them, to produce 1,2 diols, while hot, basic potassium permanganate causes cleavage to two molar equivalents of carboxylic acids. Under acidic conditions, adding water to them yields an alcohol, whereas alcohols or alkyl halides can undergo elimination reactions to form them. FTP, identify this hydrocarbon, also known as an olefin, which is characterized by a carbon-carbon double bond.
Output: Science
A malfunction in CFTR's uptake of sugar groups at this site is a primary mutation associated with cystic fibrosis. It recognizes and designates destination based on the presence of a hydrophobic signal sequence or signal recognition particle. Enclosing a sac known as the lumen, this structure was once known as the gastroplasm. It consists of two phospholipid bilayers and the presence of ribosomes differentiates its two types. FTP, name this transport network within the cytoplasm, divided into smooth and rough varieties.
Output: Science
Shortly before the composition of this piece, the composer was diagnosed with having a valvular malformation of the heart, and his eldest daughter "Putzi" had earlier died of scarlet fever. Unlike a normal symphony, it contains six movements including The Farewell, Drunk in Spring, and Autumn Loneliness, all of which contain voice parts. Its composer was prompted to write it after his discovery of Hans Bethge's The Chinese Flute, a collection of poems adapted from the original Chinese. FTP name this piece, which Gustav Mahler did not call a symphony because it would have been his ninth.
Output: Fine Arts
In physics, this term refers to an even-dimensional system of differential equations in which the generalized momenta are proportional to the derivative of a certain function with respect to the generalized velocities, and vice versa. This adjective describes a non-abelian group whose subgroups are self-conjugate. The Bondy-Chvatal theorem and the Dirac theorem both give conditions necessary for a graph to be described by this word, while an operator named by this word is the Legendre transform of the Lagrangian. For ten points, identify this word which in physics describes an operator that is the sum of the potential and kinetic energies and in computer science a path on a graph which visits every vertex exactly once.
Output: Science
Estranged from his corporate lawyer father and his mother, things have not been the same since his brother Allie died of leukemia. His older brother D.B., is a writer in Hollywood but became a prostitute, and his younger sister Phoebe is ten. He lives with roommate Stradlater who has been going out with his childhood friend Jane Galangher. FTP, name this 16-year-old main character who returns home to New York City after being kicked out of Pencey Prep in a book by J. D. Salinger.
Output: Literature
Its introduction includes a dedication, "for Rachel," and the lines, "The phonograph of hades in the brain / are tunnels that rewind themselves;" One of the pieces, "Ave Maria," is written entirely in Latin and is addressed to Seneca, while "Quaker Hill," contains remarks to Isadora Duncan and Emily Dickinson. Its second most famous poem might be "Cape Hatteras," which is directed toward Walt Whitman, however this 1930 collection is primarily known for the opening poem, dedicated to a New York landmark. FTP, identify this best-known work of Hart Crane.
Output: Literature
Symbols in this painting include a pair of discarded clogs and a chandelier with one lit candle. In the middle of this painting, a feather duster and a beaded chain flank the artist's signature, which is above a circular mirror. A dog sits near this painting's two human figures, one of whom wears a green dress as she holds the hand of her suitor. (*) For 10 points, name this painting of a married couple by Jan van Eyck [yan van "ike"].
Output: Fine Arts
The Hooded Man and the unnamed son of the Elderly Woman are in prison in one of this man's plays, while another play by this author ends with Deborah claiming that her parents are on a cruise to Bangkok with Estelle, though they are actually dead. This author of Mountain Language and A Kind of Alaska created a play consisting entirely of a dialogue between a minicab Controller and a Driver, and one in which Rebecca calls Devlin a "fuckpig" after describing a man whom she told to put his hands around her throat. In addition to Victoria Station and Ashes to Ashes, this author wrote a more famous work in which Aston receives shock treatments and Mac Davies attempts to conceal his Welsh heritage, one in which the hit-men Ben and Gus argue about lighting the kettle before Ben is told that his victim will enter with his fly open, and one about Goldberg and McCann meeting piano player Stanley Webber at the title event. For 10 pointsname this author of The Caretaker, The Dumbwaiter, and The Birthday Party.
Output: Fine Arts
This philosopher discussed the philosophy of science in Our Knowledge of the External World as a Field for Scientific Method in Philosophy. He coined the term logical atomism in a 1911 paper, and in The Ethics of War, he defended wars of principle and wars of colonization. He criticized Alexius Meinong in his essay On Denoting. His other works include a History of Western Philosophy and the essay Why I Am Not a Christian. His namesake paradox debunked the nave set theory of Gottlob Frege. For 10 points, name this philosopher who, with Alfred North Whitehead, wrote Principia Mathematica.
Output: Social Science
This organ can be inflicted with Ivemark syndrome, which is characterized by the presence of Howell-Jolly bodies, and it is also subject to storage diseases such as Niemann-Pick and Gaucher. Embryologically it derives from islands of mesenchymal tissue in the left side of the dorsal mesogastrium that coalesce. Its inner surface is indented by a linear hilum and is characterized by a maze of spongelike spaces called sinusoids. Also of note are the germinal centers that produce lymphocytes and the white and red pulp. Known as the site of red blood cell destruction, FTP, name this purplish organ that sits to the left of the stomach and below the diaphragm.
Output: Science
Richard Lipsey developed it in a broader context, clarifying the adjustment function. Robert Solow and Paul Samuelson found that it also held in the United States and made it relevant to policymakers by introducing mark-up pricing. Edmund Phelps and Milton Friedman questioned its stability in the long run, arguing that the government could not maintain a permanent tradeoff between the two quantities in question, disagreeing with the findings made in the article "Analytics of Anti-Inflation Policy" with their view of the natural-rate hypothesis. FTP, name this relationship depicting the inverse relation between the rate of unemployment and the rate of change of money wages in a certain curve.
Output: Social Science
The title location of one poem in this work is described as a "banal Eldorado," and it describes the sight of a hanged man being torn apart by birds. Some poems in this work describe "The Death of the Poor" and "The Death of Artists," and In another poem, one of four with the same title, the speaker claims that in his body the green waters of Lethe flow instead of blood, and he begins by describing himself as the king of a rainy country. While there are only five poems in the section Wine, the former poem is "A Voyage to Cythera," and in one poem, the title objects frame a the decapitated body of a woman, entitled "A Martyr. " Beginning with the section Spleen and Ideal, for 10 points, identify this collection of poetry by Charles Baudelaire.  
Output: Literature
This dynasty saw two incidents in which Confucian scholars were imprisoned, the Disasters of Partisan Prohibitions. This dynasty's Emperor Jing reduced the sizes of several principalities, sparking the Rebellion of the Seven States. The first emperor of this dynasty was a peasant named Liu Bang, who later became known as Gaozu. It was briefly interrupted by the (*) Xin Dynasty after Wang Mang took the throne. This dynasty was preceded by the Qin and followed by the Three Kingdoms period. For 10 points, name this dynasty which lends its name to the majority ethnic group of China.
Output: History
A work by this man "battles" against a Tchaikovsky work played by the orchestra in Franz Reizenstein's Concerto Popolare. One of his works features a march for the clarinets and bassoons in the third movement and opens with a timpani roll and a solo flourish; that work takes its key from a similar work by Schumann. Another of his works opens with a piece called "Arietta" and contains his "Wedding Day at Troldhaugen". For 10 points, identify this composer of a Piano Concerto in A minor and the Lyric Pieces, who wrote "Anitra's Dance", "Morning Mood", and "In the Hall of the Mountain King" for his incidental music to Ibsen's Peer Gynt.
Output: Fine Arts
Gases that are found near them form accretion disks, and it has been conjectured that primordial ones during the Big Bang. They convert their mass into energy via virtual particle production, which can leads to their evaporation. Ergoregions are found the Kerr types of them, and non-rotating ones are referred to as Schwarzchild varieties. Infinite density is found at the singularity, and at the event horizon, matter does not exist for longer than an instant. FTP, identify these objects from which light cannot escape.
Output: Science
The protagonist of this novel first meets an young expatriate artist at an apartment on the Boulevard Malesherbes, and the protagonist delivers a climactic speech in the garden of the sculptor Gloriani to that artist, usually referred to as "little Bilham. " He runs into the owner of the apartment in a box at the Thtre Franais, which he attends with the lawyer Mr. Waymarsh. At the end of the novel, the protagonist decides that he cannot marry Miss Gostrey and must return to Woollett alone, as he has failed to convince the son of his betrothed to marry Mamie Pocock and return to America. For 10 points, identify this novel featuring Madame de Vionnet, Chadwick Newsome, and Lambert Strether, written by Henry James.  
Output: Literature
One type of this phenomenon was measured using a Fe-57 detector in the Harvard Tower experiment. This effect produces the first-degree anisotropy in the CMBR. Recombination of hydrogen atoms occurred at a value of approximately 1100 for the quantity associated with this effect, whose cosmological variety increases with age and distance; that is because the universe is (*) expanding according to Hubble's law. A few objects, such as Andromeda, exhibit the opposite of this effect, because they are moving towards us. For 10 points, name this phenomenon, in which the wavelength of astronomical objects receding from Earth broadens, producing a namesake change in color.
Output: Science
This man promoted the philosophy of the possibility of many legitimate viewpoints,  Anekantavada, and taught aparigraha, or detachment from people and objects. This figure organized  his followers into sadhus, sadhvi, shravaka, and shravika, and his teachings were recorded orally by  those known as (*) ganadharas. This figure was born as a lion, several times as a demi god, and a human in his twenty-six incarnations prior to to his last birth. While forty-two years old, he squatted under a salah tree to attain Kevala, or complete enlightenment, and he practiced ahimsa, or total nonviolence. For 10 points, name this twenty-fourth Tirthankara, an Indian sage and revered figure in Jainism.
Output: Social Science
method of determining certain modifications of this substance involves treating it with bisulfite, and a type of bonding named for Hoogsteen is sometimes observed in this substance. The binding of proteins to this substance can be studied via footprinting assays, and proteins which bind to this substance usually contain structures such as zinc-finger domains and leucine zippers. Chargaff's observations helped interpret the bonding of its constituent parts. For 10 points, identify this substance composed of thymine, adenine, cytosine, and guanine, which is located in the nucleus and which can be transcribed to give RNA.
Output: Science
E. S. Loomis published a compendium about this statement, which Edsger Dijkstra generalized using the signum function. Generalized to inner product spaces, this statement is Parseval's identity, while its analog in three dimensions is de Gua's theorem. Euclid's proof of it, like many others, uses a figure known as the bride's chair. This statement is logically equivalent to Euclid's parallel postulate, and its generalization to powers higher than two, proved unsolvable by Andrew Wiles, is Fermat's last theorem. For 10 points, name this special case of the law of cosines, a statement which states that the sum of the squares of the two legs of a right triangle is equal to the square of the hypotenuse.
Output: Science
One of this author's characters kills his rival Spitz while working for Francois (frahn-SWAH) and Perrault (pair-OHL). Another of his characters is taken to Santa Clara, California, where he saves Judge Scott from a murderer. The central figure of one of his novels avenges the killing of his master Thornton before going on to lead a wolf pack; that figure is the Buck from The Call of the Wild. For 10 points, name this author of White Fang.
Output: Literature
In Hawaiian myth, the magic dogs Ku and Poki sometimes appear in this form, and Ngai, chief god of the Masai, manifests as a red one when he is angry and as a black one when he is happy. The Tuatha D Danann traveled to Ireland on a large one, and Zeus used one to hide from Hera while seducing Io. In Norse myth they were spun in Fensalir by the goddess Frigga. The woman Nephele was created from one in order to satisfy Ixion's lust for Hera, and became the mother of the centaurs. FTP, name these fluffy atmospheric phenomena.
Output: Science
This poem discusses a bough of cherries that is broken in an orchard by an "officious fool," who is rewarded with "a blush at least," while earlier the speaker argues that strangers cannot understand "the depth and passion" of an "earnest glance. " The speaker laments the gift of his "nine hundred year old name", and later points out a Claus of Innsbruck statue of a sea-horse being tamed by Poseidon. The speaker "gave commands," which stopped "all smiles" of the title character, who now "look[s] as if she were alive" in a Fra Pandolf portrait on the wall. For 10 points, name this poem about the Duke of Ferrara's former wife, written by Robert Browning.
Output: Literature
A housing program in this country is called My House, My Life. The government has also launched Light for All, a rural electrification program spearheaded by an energy minister who has since become its president. More electricity will be provided for this country by the Belo Monte Dam on the Xingu River, which will displace 20,000 people in the state of Para and be its second largest dam after the (*) Itaipu. This country's city of Curitiba is renowned for its public transportation, while government investment in the Suape port will benefit the capital of its Pernambuco state, Recife. Favelas are slums in the largest cities of, for 10 points, what country experiencing a real estate boom in Sao Paulo
Output: Social Science
In this work, the Academy of Sciences at Bordeaux awarded a sheep to a Northern scholar, who demonstrated by the formula A plus B minus C that the sheep was necessarily red. That sheep had traveled with Martin and the title character from Suriname and originally carried gold and diamonds, having been by the king of El Dorado. After sending Cacambo to retrieve his lover and the old woman from Paraguay, this works title character spends the remainder of his life on a small farm with them and the philosopher Pangloss, having initially been booted out of Castle Thunder-ten-Tronckh for kissing Cungonde. FTP, name this satirical novel by Voltaire.
Output: Literature
This author's attacks on the British government in plays like Pasquin and The Historical Register prompted the passage of the Theatrical Licensing Act. This author contrasted Mr. and Mrs. Heartfree with the title "great man" in a satirical novel about the life of a notorious criminal, Jonathan Wild. Lady Booby fails to seduce the virtuous title character of his novel Joseph Andrews, which parodies Samuel Richardson's Pamela. Another of his novels follows the rival of Bilfil, a sexually promiscuous "foundling" who is raised by Squire Allworthy and marries Sophia Western. FTP, name this 18th-century British author of Tom Jones.
Output: Literature
The death of Beatriz Viterbo opens one work by this man, while another work concerns a German spy during World War One named Dr. Yu Tsun who murders a man named Dr. Albert to convey the location of British artillery. This writer of the story "The Garden of Forking Paths" also wrote a work that partially takes place in the house of the poet Carlos Danieri and concerns a (*) point in space that contains all other points. For 10 points, name this Argentine author known for writing such works as "The Library of Babel" and "The Aleph".
Output: Literature
An extraordinary form of this behavior exists in systems for which the double exchange mechanism is energetically favorable, as exemplified by Heusler cells. Two important tools for studying systems with this property are a chart that has the as its x- and y-intercepts the coercivity and remanence, respectively, and a lattice model with Hamiltonian given by the sum over cells of the product of two numbers from U one, one number for the cell and one for each of its neighbors. Materials displaying this property exhibit near-constant H-fields on structures separated by Nel or Bloch walls and known as Weiss domains, which break down at the Curie temperature. For ten points, identify this form of magnetism studied with the aforementioned hysteresis loops and Ising model and materials displaying which retain a permanent magnetization when placed in an external field.
Output: Science
This artist's The Siesta features his mortally ill wife Beatrice, while Maud Franklin was depicted in a fur coat and later as Effie Deans in a series of portraits. He studied under Charles-Gabriel Gleyre while living in Paris, and his "French set" marked a revival in the field of etching. Among his patrons was Charles Freer, whose museum houses the Peacock Room which this man designed to display his The Princess from the Land of Porcelain. He summed up his views on aesthetics in the mock-ecclesiastical "Ten O'Clock Lecture," and Frederick Leyland suggested the name of his series entitled "Nocturnes. " FTP, name this artist who painted Joanna Hiffernan as The White Girl and his mother in Arrangement in Grey and Black No. 1.
Output: Fine Arts
During his time at Harvard with Marcel Breuer he expanded on the ideas set forth in his 1932 manifesto, a collaborative effort with Henry Russell-Hitchcock. At home around museums, he designed the art gallery at Dumbarton Oaks and the sculpture garden at the Museum of Modern Art. After 1967, the buildings he and his partner John Burgee worked on, including International Place in Boston, the Dade County Cultural Center, and the Crystal Cathedral in California, began to challenge his earlier principles. But he is more famous for the work he did under the influence of Mies van der Rohe such as the AT&T Headquarters and the Glass House in New Canaan. FTP, identify this American exponent of the International Style and designer of the Seagram Building.
Output: Fine Arts
The rejection of this artist's Ecstacy of St. Gregory the Great prompted the painting of the Madonna della Vallicella. The Tyrant Slayers group outside of Rome's Quirinale were used for the thunderbolt wielding angels in the Martyrdom of St. Livinus, while colorful birds and tigers galore feature in The Garden of Eden with the Fall of Man, which, like Pan and Syrinx, was one of his collaborations with his friend Jan Brueghel the Elder. Amongst his portraits is an Equestrian Portrait of the Duke of Lerma and one of Marchesa Brigida Spinola-Doria wearing an iridescent silver dress, and he created a cycle of works including paintings such as The Negotiations at (*) Angouleme, The Birth of the Princess and The Disembarkation at Marseilles. For 10 points, name this Flemish painter of the Marie de Medici cycle.
Output: Fine Arts
This man achieved full power within his party at the Zunyi Conference. That conference occurred while this man and other members of his party were traveling from Jiangxi (jee-AHNG-shee) to Yanan as part of the Long March. This leader's third wife was part of an influential group that was named the Gang of Four. This ruler was responsible for his country taking part in the (*) Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution. For 10 points, name this political rival of Chiang Kai-shek who was the first leader of Communist China.
Output: History
One of this man's works depicts his face against a black background with bones along the bottom edge, his Self Portrait with Skeleton Arm. Other works of his include one where two large women sit in front of a shadowy figure and another which depicts various people in dark dress mourning after his sister's death in a sickroom. Those works were both included in his Frieze of Life series. Another work features two black figures to the far left, and the central figure stand on a bridge under an orange and red sky and clutches its face, with eyes and mouth wide open. For 10 points, name this Norwegian painter of The Scream.
Output: Fine Arts