niryuu/sni-each-converted huggingface dataset:
This artist modified his depiction of a bloody Jesus swinging an axe at a crucifix to paint Christ standing in front of circular black cannons and a broken pillar, clenching his left fist, and triumphing over his destroyed wooden cross. This artist depicted skeletons in academic gowns helping a pregnant skeleton abort her skeletal baby in his painting Gods of the Modern World. This artist painted a giant figure walking ablaze for the dome of the Hospicio Cabaas, and painted Modern Migration of the Spirit, Aztec Warriors, and Hispano-America on the walls of Darthmouth's Baker College as part of his cycle Epic of American Civilization. For 10 points, name this painter of Man of Fire, one of the three great Mexican muralists along with David Siquieros and Diego Rivera.
Output: Fine Arts
The works of Carlson & Peeters are often referenced in this work. Segundo is a constant companion in the protagonist's SAC. The Akuda Bar is home to the Paddle Game and a man named Peepers, who runs a shell game. In this game, it is revealed, with the help of IRIS members such as Hahn and Double H, that the group supposedly protecting Hillys, the Alpha Section, is actually a front for the DomZ. Name this video game, in which Pey'j and Jade tries to save their lighthouse-turned-orphanage, which shares a title with a work of Nietzsche.
Output: Social Science
In this novel, Kolya and Leyda run away together after their mother forces them to dance in the streets singing in French. One character in this novel imagines spending eternity on "a hand's-breadth of ground." The socialist Lebezyatnikov exposes a plot to frame [*] Marmeladov's daughter in a theft, and in this novel, Peter Luhzin's fiancee Dunya eventually marries Razumikhin. The protagonist of this novel confesses to Porfiry Petrovich about his murder of the pawnbroker Alyona, whose sister Lizaveta was a friend of the prostitute Sonya. For 10 points, name this novel about Rodion Romanovich Raskolnikov by Fyodor Dostoevsky.
Output: Literature
In a debate about tariffs with Robert Hayne, he referenced ""liberty and union, now and forever, one and inseparable. "" In the Marshall court, he won the case Dartmouth v. Woodward and lost McCullough v. Maryland. Many abolitionists were angered by the ""Seventh of March"" speech this orator gave. This man served as Secretary of State under Millard Fillmore and John Tyler. After the Caroline affair, he signed a treaty delineating the Maine-New Brunswick border. For 10 points, name this Massachusetts Senator who signed that treaty with Baron Ashburton.
Output: History
Some of this battle's victorious commanders were Augustino Barbarigo (aw-goos-TEEN-oh bar-bar-EE-go) and Andrea Doria (AN-dree-uh DOR-ee-uh). The Real (RAY-awl) was the winning ship of this battle, which was preceded by the siege of Famagusta (fah-muh-GOO-stuh). During it, Miguel de Cervantes had his left arm amputated after being injured while serving on one of the many galleys. Fought in the Gulf of Patras, it saw Don John of Austria lead the Holy League to victory over Ali Pasha. For 10 points, name this 1571 naval battle that helped prevent Ottoman expansion into Europe.
Output: History
One character in this work loses three fingers after his secret love affair is revealed by Count Jean de Satigny. Another character performs an abortion on his brother's girlfriend Amanda, whose socialist brother loves Alba. At the Red Lantern brothel one of the main characters meets Transito Soto, who uses her influence to free his granddaughter from jail. The main character is traumatized by a rug made from the hide of her dead dog gifted her by her husband, who was formerly engaged to her green-haired sister. She was mute for the nine years following Rosa's death, after which she foretold her marriage to Esteban Trueba at age 19. FTP name this novel about the family of Clara del Valle by Isabel Allende.
Output: Literature
This author's only play is about a Greek scientist who invents the steam engine, the printing press, and gunpowder. He described the painter Samuel Mountjoy's imprisonment in a POW camp in the novel Free Fall. Close Quarters and Fire Down Below form a trilogy with a novel about Edmund Talbot's trip to Australia, Rites of Passage. He wrote about the destruction of the Neanderthals by Homo sapiens in The Inheritors. In his best known work, Simon is killed when he is mistaken for the beast by a tribe led by Jack, who later steals Piggy's glasses to make a fire. For 10 points, name this author of Lord of the Flies.
Output: Literature
In Chinese mythology, the lower half of the goddess Nuwa was this type of creature. The blood of one of these creatures enabled Sigurd to understand the speech of birds after he slew Fafnir. Ra's enemy Apep was of this form, and the Ouroboros is one of these animals that swallows itself. In Hindu mythology, (*) nagas were this type of creature that were the enemy of Garuda, which the Aborigines also worship a Rainbow example of. Apollo slew one of these creatures to establish the Delphic oracle, and one appears in Norse mythology encircling the Earth. Jormungandr is the Midgard example of, for 10 points, what type of animal that hisses and slithers
Output: Social Science
This man "and the Creation of a Superpower" and "Memories of" this man form the titles of two of his biographies written by his son. He opened up new land in the Altay region for farming during his Virgin Lands Campaign, and created regional Economic Councils in an effort to decentralize. After secretly giving a report entitled On the Personality Cult and Its Consequences to the so-called Congress of Victors, he advocated breaking the ice during his namesake thaw. He also oversaw the military intervention during the Hungarian Revolution and formed the Warsaw Pact. Also famous for overseeing the launch of Sputnik I, stationing nuclear weapons in Cuba, banging his shoe on a desk during a Security Council meeting, and holding the Kitchen Debate with Richard Nixon, this is, FTP, which Soviet leader who was overthrown by Brezhnev and succeeded Stalin
Output: History
In Pope Paul VI's text "Paenitemini," he suggested that this practice should be replaced with ways "to promote better social justice" in certain countries. On the Hindu day of Karva Chauth, married women engage in this practice to ensure their husbands' safety. A Jewish variant of this practice takes its name from an assassinated governor named Gedalia. In the first of his temptations in Matthew 6, Satan tells Jesus to end this practice. Jews are commanded to do this during the day of Tisha B'Av, while Catholics must engage in this practice on Ash Wednesday and Good Friday. Muslims engage in this practice from dawn to dusk during the month of Ramadan, For 10 points, name this religious practice that typically involves not consuming food.
Output: Social Science
The dihedral angles between these compounds can be represented using a Ramachandran plot and they are bound to enzymes called aaRS. They were created in an experiment that passed sparks through a flask containing water, methane, ammonia and hydrogen and are represented by a three nucleotide long codon. tRNA is so named because it transfer these compounds to the ribosome. These compounds were created in the Miller-Urey experiment and their only achiral member is glycine. For 10 points, name this group of compounds that form the building blocks of proteins.
Output: Science
The energy of this effect can be measured by the Chung-Jenkins formula. Semiconductor nanocrystals suppress this effect's namesake cooling in a temperature-dependent manner, while a nuclear version of it occurs in the decay of muonic lead-207 and bismuth-209. Another version produces spectator lines due to the creation of bound states, known as the "resonant Raman" version, while a specific version of it is the fast Coster-Kronig transition. In semiconductors, this effect is responsible for a three-particle recombination, while its inverse variety is called "impact ionization". KLL and LMM peaks are measured in a type of spectroscopy named for this effect, which was originally discovered in a cloud chamber. Originally discovered by Lise Meitner and competing with photon emission and electron capture, for 10 points, name this effect in which an electron is ejected from an atom as another electron fills the inner shell, named for a Frenchman.
Output: Science
This country has three major volcanic peaks: Mt. Sahand, Mt. Sabalan, and the largest, Mt. Tuftan. Much of its volcanic activity takes place in the region that stretches from the city of Kazvin to Lake Urmia. In it lie the Kavir and Lut Deserts, which extend partially into the eastern provinces of Baluchestan and Khorasan. The Zagros Mountains lie mostly in its west and southwest opposite its northeastern boundary with Turkmenistan. FTP, name this country that borders the Caspian Sea to the south and is home to the holy city of Qom and the capital city of Tehran.
Output: Social Science
One of this author's notable poems ends, "He does not know you, Lord"; that poem is titled after its first line, "Who never ate with tears his bread," but better-known collections of his poetry include The Passion Trilogies and Venetian Epigrams. This author's novel collection of drama criticism  written in verse  is entitled Maxims and Reflections, while he appended more traditional prose criticism to his West-stlicher Divan. In one work by this author, Euphorion becomes an Icarus figure but draws sympathy only from a Homunculus, and that work also sees the central female character's name abruptly changed in the notation. This man's dramatic subjects include the author of Jerusalem Delivered, an intrepid mercenary Knight in the service of Charles V, and a (*) Flemish general opposing the Duke of Alba; those characters appear respectively in Torquato Tasso, Gotz von Berlichingen, and Egmont, while this man's most famous work inspired a "sequel" by Thomas Mann subtitled The Beloved Returns, Lotte in Weimar. Known for creating the characters of Margaret, also known as Gretchen, and Mephistopheles, FTP, identify this German sturm und drang author of Faust, who penned the suicide-inducing epistolary novel The Sorrows of Young Werther.
Output: Literature
One character in this work chides his manager with "you are a shithead" after another character chews out that manager by claiming "a child" would know that "You never open your mouth until you know what the shot is. " A plot to defect to Jerry Graff is hatched by Dave Moss, who first attempts to recruit Aaronow but whose eventual accomplice is nicknamed "The Machine. " A gullible character named James Lingk is fast-talked into making a purchase by Ricky Roma, and in the end Shelly Levene is nabbed for robbing the sales leads. For 10 points, name this drama about Chicago real estate agents, by David Mamet.
Output: Literature
This philosopher was one of the first to apply the phenomenological method to politics. This student of Karl Jaspers and Martin Heidegger rejected the Western political tradition from Plato to Marx, arguing that the apex of human achievement is not thought, but the active life, dividing it into repetitious, but life-sustaining labor, work which creates objects and a human world, and action - especially of the political variety-new activity involving shared enterprises, in The Human Condition. For 10 points, name this influential philosopher who penned The Origins of Totalitarianism and Eichmann in Jerusalem.
Output: Social Science
One dam on this river is located where the Spokane Hills meet the Big Bend Mountains. Along with Canyon Ferry Dam, Garrison Dam on this river forms Lake Sakakawea. This river is formed by three headwater tributaries which meet near a town in Gallatin County; those tributaries form this river in Three Forks, Montana. Besides the Madison and Jefferson Rivers, other tributaries of this river include the Platte and Yellowstone Rivers. This river flows through the Dakotas before forming part of the border between the namesake state and Kansas. For 10 points, name this river which joins with the Mississippi River near St. Louis.
Output: Social Science
One of this man's novels describes a boy named Tony Nailles, who refuses to get out of bed and is eventually kidnapped by his neighbor, Paul Hammer, who plans to kill him in a church. One of this man's short stories is about a rakish man named Blake, who is held hostage on a train by a slightly deranged former lover, Miss Dent. Besides Bullet Park and "The Five-Forty-Eight," this man wrote a story which climaxes when the protagonist cries after being unable to spot the constellations of midsummer and is further horrified when he discovers his own home to be empty. This man's first novel describes life in St. Botolph's, Massachusetts and features such characters as Cousin Honora. FTP, name this author who wrote about Neddy Merill in the story "The Swimmer" and about Leander, Moses, and Coverly, the titular family in his The Wapshot Chronicle.
Output: Literature
One character in this work quotes from Nietzsche that God is dead upon learning that his fathers prayers have done no good. Another character relates the tale of his adventures with the prostitute Fat Violet, and in an earlier scene he tries not to be seen trimming the front hedge. Another character reminisces about her dreams of becoming a concert pianist while alone with the drunken Cathleen, and that character at one point claims she enjoys the fog yet is immensely troubled by the sound of the foghorn. Jamie claims that Dr. Hardy is a quack who would send Edmund to a third-rate sanatorium, and Mary battles morphine addiction in, FTP, what Eugene ONeill play which chronicles the internal struggle of the Tyrone family
Output: Literature
One indigenous people of this country established a turquoise trade with a capital at Tollan. An earlier civilization in this country constructed the Temple of the Dancers during the Formative Period. A different archaeological site in this country has buildings that exemplify the slope-and-panel style and contains large buildings connected by the Avenue of the Dead. Yet another ancient city in this modern-day country contains numerous reclining figures called (*) chacmools. One of its largest ancient cities contained the massive Pyramids of the Sun and Moon, and this country is also home to Monte Alban. This country is where one can find archaeological sites like Teotihuacan and Chichen Itza. For 10 points, name this modern-day country once home to Zapotec and Aztec civilizations.
Output: Social Science
The Czochralski process can be used to obtain very small parts of these materials, while various recombination processes for them include photon exchange and one named after Auger. The drift mobility and diffusion coefficient of excess carriers in this kind of material can be measured by the Haynes-Shockley experiment, while Andersons rule is used to construct diagrams of the heterojunction between two materials of this type. Whether these materials contain a negative or positively charged current carrier distinguishes the N- and P-types, while adding impurities to their crystal lattices is known as doping. FTP, name these materials which are often found in diodes and transistors and have electrical conductivities between that of insulators and conductors.
Output: Science
In one story by this author, a man kills his wife when she stops him from killing the title animal, Pluto. This author of "The Black Cat" also wrote a story in which Minister D hides the titular "purloined letter" in plain sight. That story features the detective C. Auguste Dupin, who discovers that an orangutan is the culprit in his story "The Murders in the Rue Morgue." Another of his stories details Fortunato's imprisonment by Montresor. For 10 points, name this American author of "The Cask of Amontillado."
Output: Literature
In this novel the protagonist's husband has recently become a disc jockey for KCUF radio, and her psychiatrist admits to having been a Nazi doctor at Buchenwald. The Paranoids refer her to The Courier's Tragedy, a play that she sees and after which the mystery begins. In the course of executing the will of Pierce Inverarity the protagonist meets the inventor John Nefastis and the stamp expert Gengis Cohen. Ending with the anticipation of the titular part of an auction at which Oedipa Mass hopes to discover more about the Tristero, FTP, name this novel by Thomas Pynchon.
Output: Literature
As soon as the mother and child are able to travel, they visit Gurdwara. There they prepare sacred pudding, called Karah Prashad. Amrit, or sweet water, is given to both infant and mother. The granthi randomly opens Sri Guru Granth Sahib to a hymn, and the child's name will have the same first letter as the first letter of the hymn. So goes the Nam Karan, the first festival in the life of any adherent to, for 10 points, what Indian religion
Output: Social Science
It includes an exhortation to write curses on Mt. Ebal and blessings on Mt. Gezirim, and recounts rebellions at Teberah, Horeb, and Kadesh-barnea. It concludes with an account of a character who goes to Mt. Nebo to die; and largely consists of three discourses that character gives on the plains of Moab. The second discourse describes the Cities of Refuge and commands the celebration of the Feast of Weeks and the Feast of Booths, and proscribes a lengthy series of mitzvot, while the third discourse renews the divine covenant. Its Hebrew name is derived from its opening phrase, which roughly translates as These are the words. FTP, identify this book of the Bible which follows Numbers, the fifth book of the Old Testament.
Output: Social Science
He wrote about Mr. Popo, a do-nothing carpenter; B. Wordsworth, a perfectionist poet; and Man-Man, a lunatic-turned-prophet in describing the events on a title street. His nonfiction works include Among the Believers, and he described the trip of a gay government official named Bobby in a fictional African country in the Booker-winning In a Free State. Perhaps best known is his tale of a man who marries into the Tulsi family and dreams of owning his own home. For ten points, name this author of A House for Mr. Biswas, a native of Trinidad.
Output: Literature
The Cerro Mac stratovolcano can be found north of the Aysn Fjord in this country, and the Chonos Archipelago is separated from the mainland of this country by the Moraleda Channel. Rivers in this country include the Biobo and the Petrohu rivers, the latter of which drains into Todos los Santos Lake. Lying atop the Nazca Plate and containing the port city of Antofagasta, it has sovereignty over both Easter Island and the Wollaston group, one island of which contains Cape Horn, and this country is also home to Punta Arenas, the world's southernmost city. The Andes covers a third of, FTP, which country, bordered by Bolivia and Argentina to the east, which is home to most of the Atacama Desert and has its capital at Santiago
Output: Social Science
This novel contains two references to a character from Romeo and Juliet in the form of a prospective gift horse named Queen Mab. A trip to London reveals to one of the central characters that her love has been engaged to Sophia Grey, and other devastating news follows when it is learned that Lucy Steele has married, though we are deceived as to whom she married. However, the novel ends happily with the marriages of Colonel Brandon and Edward Ferrars to the heroines and John Willoughby nowhere to be found. FTP, identify this novel about Elinor and Marianne Dashwood written by Jane Austen.
Output: Literature
One character in this work talks to the milk shop matron before observing the protagonist at the dock, and another character, named Victoria, claims that a woman begging for milk had talked about the same thing. One character writes letters to her beloved for 17 years before he returns, and Pablo marries Prudencia Cotes after getting out of jail. After leaving Flora Miguel's house, the protagonist is finally warned by Clothilde Armenta, but by that time, the Vicario brothers were on him. FTP name this novel in which Angela Vicario's loss of virginity is avenged with the killing of Santiago Nasar, a work by Gabriel Garca Mrquez about a predictable murder.
Output: Literature
This ruler, who may have been converted to the Nusayri sect by Sayyed Barakah, fought two wars against his arch-rival Tokhtamysh, destroying Sarai and winning climactic victories at the Battles of Orenburg and the Kur River. This leader of the Barlas tribe destroyed one dynasty when he viciously sacked the capital of the Tughlaqs, and another when he captured Heart and Khorasan and destroyed Neishapur after the death of Abu Said. Before being succeeded by his son Shah Rukh, he caused an interregnum with his victory at the Battle of Ankara, after which he reportedly brought the defeated Sultan in a cage to Samarkand. For ten points, name this warlord who conquered much of Central Asia in the 1300s.
Output: History
This element transitions at much lower temperatures in its lighter-isotope liquid form because its nuclei are fermions and must form bosonic [BO-sawn-ik] pairs to condense. As it is cooled past 2.2 K, the lambda point, it becomes a superfluid, called the liquid two form. Oxygen is mixed with this element for high-pressure breathing work, such as deep diving, because it is inert and less soluble in blood than nitrogen. FTP, name this element, the simplest of the noble gases with atomic number 2
Output: Science
One legend associated with this deity holds that he and his wife owned four pots, and by breaking them they could send their contents to the surface of the earth. In another legend, this god's name is given to the spirits that stole the maize from the Mountain of Seeds after that mountain had been broken up by a god named Nanahuatl. Sometimes depicted wielding lightning in the form of a snake, together with Huitzilopochtli, this god was worshipped at the Templo Mayor in Tenochtitlan, and he shares his domain with the goddess Chalchiuhtlicue. For ten points, identify this Aztec deity who ruled the waters as well as the underworld of Michtlan.
Output: Social Science
The work opens with a theme in cellos and basses that borrows from the composer's discarded overture Rob-Roy, and an alternating semitone interval with the lower or upper note is found throughout the work. Concluding with Orgy of the Brigands, the composer imitated the wandering pifferari in the work's second movement, "Serenade of a mountaineer of the (*) Abruzzi to his mistress. " First created to allow the composer Nicol Paganini to showcase his newly acquired Stradivari viola, FTP, name this Berlioz work, which features the viola as a melancholy dreamer from a Byron work who travels through a certain Mediterranean nation.
Output: Fine Arts
This man was the subject of a 1949 Henry Cowell opera designed as a satire against Dwight Eisenhower. He died in exile after a conservative coup led by his successor, Ramn Freire. When his father became viceroy of Peru, he was sent to London, where he met Francisco de Miranda and joined the independentist Lautaro Lodge. He began his public life as a deputy to the Cabildo from La Laja. His cavalry charge at the battle of Chacabuco allowed him to enter Santiago in triumph along with Jose de San Martin in March 1818. FTP, name this descendant of Irish officers in Spanish service, the first ruler of an independent Chile.
Output: History
Resistance to this chemical is highly correlated with polycystic ovary syndrome. A modification of this compound that has undergone a glycine-asparagine substitution and had two arganines added to its B chain is commercially important because it readily hexamerizes and this chemical is stored as an inactive hexamer. This signal molecule is activated by removal of its (*) C peptide component to promote the dephosphorylation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase. When this enzyme binds to its tyrosine kinase receptor, GLUT's are activated to facilitate trans-membrane import of a substance whose export is facilitated by this hormone's agonist, glucagon. For 10 points, name this hormone extracted by Frederick Banting that regulates blood sugar levels.
Output: Science
This painting can be dated to the summer of 1660 because it shows an empty bell tower, corresponding to the months when the Hemony firm took down the carillons for repair. The Old Church tower is shown much smaller than its actual size, while the New Church is twice as large as it should be. Depicting (*) rooftops on the Lange Geer canal from across the river, with several boats moored, for 10 points, name this landscape showing the hometown of painter Jan Vermeer.
Output: Fine Arts
Bali received this figure in the form of a Brahmin, inspiring the Raksha Bandhan festival and the tying of rakhi to symbolize love between siblings. The puja named for Kubera and this figure is often performed before weddings, and she is usually depicted wearing red clothes with gold accents. She is accompanied by two elephants spraying water from their trunks, and she rides Ulooka, an owl. The churning of the sea brought up Siva and this lotus-holding goddess, who is particularly celebrated during the full moon and a holiday whose name means "row of lamps. " For 10 points, name this goddess of wealth and prosperity worshipped during Diwali, the consort of Vishnu.
Output: Social Science
In one play by this author, the sight of the protagonist stoking a coal ship causes Mildred Douglas to faint. In addition to that play about Yank, who dies in the hands of a zoo animal, this author wrote a trilogy in which Orin, Adam Brant, and Lavinia act out themes similar to the Oresteia. This author of The Hairy Ape wrote a play in which Mary's addiction to morphine paralyzes the Tyrone family. For 10 points, name this American playwright of Mourning Becomes Electra and Long Day's Journey Into Night.
Output: Literature
This poem references a line about Triton in Wordsworth's "The World Is Too Much With Us" in describing a clear note born by dead lips after the poet thanks the title figure for its heavenly message. The first verse likens the title figure to a "venturous bark" with "purpled wings," and the second verse laments "its sunless crypt unsealed" and "its irised ceiling rent. "  In the final stanza the poet enjoins his soul to "build thee more stately mansions," in imitation of the title creature's "silent toil / That spread his lustrous coil. "  The speaker characterizes the title creature as "the ship of pearl" and hopes eventually to be free, "Leaving thine outgrown shell by life's unresting sea," in, FTP, this poem by Oliver Wendell Holmes.
Output: Literature
The main character of this work goes to a cousin named Gertrude in a desperate moment, and this novel contains a poet of passion named Ned. The protagonist of this work comes into possession of love letters that a wealthy mans wife has sent to another man, and considers leveraging them into marriage with the rich man. That character also considers proposals from the wealthy Jew Simon Rosedale, who will use her to gain social position, and she writes two checks at the novels end. She owes $8000 to Gus Trenor that he originally claimed were return on an investment but was actually a gift with the expected return of sexual favors. FTP, name this book about Lawrence Seldon and Lily Bart, by Edith Wharton.
Output: Literature
accelerates the isomerization of one type of these compounds in a zipper-like fashion. The Glaser Coupling results in the joining of two of these compounds, and they can be synthesized through the Corey-Fuchs reaction. Potassium permanganate oxides these compounds to two carboxylic acids, and they can be selectively reduced to a similar functional group in the presence of a palladium catalyst named for Lindlar. The central carbon atoms in these groups have sp hybridization, and the two unhybridized p orbitals form the two pi bonds in these groups. For 10 points, name these compounds containing a carbon-carbon triple bond.
Output: Science
He gave the example of a chicken which comes to expect a never-ending source of food as it is fattened up only to one day then be slaughtered in a work which refuted inductive reasoning as a source of absolute certainty. In another of his works, he regards one of the titular activities as a Catholic practice designed to prevent incest, leading to his expulsion from a teaching post. In addition to The Problem of Philosophy and Marriage and Morals, he wrote The Scientific Outlook and delivered the Mans Peril broadcast on BBC. Jean-Paul Sartre attended his tribunal, where he exposed American atrocities in Vietnam, years after his winning the Nobel prize in 1950 for literature. His most famous work developed the theory of types in mathematical logic. For ten points, name this philosopher who wrote Principia Mathematica along with Alfred North Whitehead.
Output: Social Science
This chemical phenomenon was first modeled by Longuet-Higgens, who devised a loop method to represent it. One formulation of it says that if a given type of polyatomic system has two or more branches that intersect at one point, then at least one has no extemum at that point. The dynamic version of this phenomenon is enhanced by decreasing the Debye temperature and happens where the time frame is short. It is comparatively weak in tetrahedral complexes since the ligands are out of alignment with the appropriate orbitals, whereas it is strong in octahedral crystal fields; it's best attested in Copper(II) complexes with 3 electrons in the E-sub-g level. It happens when the lowest energy level of a non-linear molecular system spontaneously attempts to remove degeneracy and form a system of lower symmetry. FTP, name this doubly-eponymous effect, a distortion in chemical geometry to lower energy.
Output: Science
This work cites Proudhon's Philosophy of Poverty as an example of a form of a philosophy to which it claims economists, philanthropists, and humanitarians belong. Its second section advocates a ten-point program which calls for the establishment of industrial armies as well as free education for all children in public schools. That section follows one which examines the history of the (*) bourgeoisie and the proletarians and claims that the history of society is a history of class warfare. For ten points, name this work authored by Friedrich Engels and Karl Marx, which discusses how the problems of capitalism would be solved by adopting socialism and eventually the title ideology.
Output: Social Science
Cecilia and Sergei Gaposchkin found that a more symmetric subset of these stars found in the Magellanic Clouds are systematically brighter than predicted, and the Baade-Wesselink Method can be used to find their size. The shortest known period of one of these stars in a binary system is 507 days in S Muscae, leading to the theory that most observed examples are on their second or high crossing of the instability strip. Metal-poor examples of these stars are called W. Virginis. A shark-fin curve represents their most distinction feature, which is caused He-plus ionizing to He-two-plus, leading to a pressure gradient and subsequent expansion. For 10 points, name this class of variable star with period longer than RR Lyrae that is often used as standard candles.
Output: Social Science
One of this man's constructs was expanded by the ERG theory of Clayton Alderfer. Douglas McGregor's Theory Y was also based on this man's theories on management, which was expounded in his Eupsychian Management. The Northridge scale tracks the development of another concept named for this man, who wrote about his theories in The (*) Further Reaches of Human Nature. This coiner of the "Jonah complex" also wrote Motivation and Personality, which saw the first mention of his "humanistic psychology. " For 10 points, name this American psychologist who put physiological concerns below self-actualization in his hierarchy of needs.
Output: Social Science
Before this country gained independence, it was home to rebellious bands of thieves known as klephts. This country's independence movement was led by Alexander Ypsilanti, and succeeded in part because its allies won the Battle of Navarino. Lord Byron sailed to this country to join its war of independence, but died during the siege of Missolonghi. For 10 points, name this European country which revolted against the Ottoman Empire during the 1820s and whose independence movement was inspired by feelings of panhellenism.
Output: History
The Korsun-Novomirgorod one forms a constituent region of the Kirovograd platform massif. The Degana granite is a type-A anorogenic granite of this origin. They are the cause of the Kirovograd and Priazov (*) transcrustal geophysical anomalies and they are thought to arise from the D double prime layer. Morgan proposed that eruptions originating from these regions produce hot spots. For 10 points, name these columns of hot, buoyant material that originate from the core boundary and pass through the namesake structure.
Output: Science
This city was named after the Pottawatomie (POT-ah-WAH-tah-mee) for either "smelly onion place" or "skunk." An early road in this city crossed the "Nine-Mile Swamp" and Des Plaines (day PLAINS) River. Its Statistical Metropolitan Area includes Kenosha and Gary. This seat of Cook County is on the southwestern shore of Lake Michigan. For 10 points, name this third largest city in the United States known as the "Windy City."
Output: Social Science
Malvina Hoffman helped restore some of the works of this sculptor, who persuaded her to study anatomy in Manhattan. Many of his works are housed in a museum at his former workshop, the Hotel Biron, to which he was introduced by his secretary Rainer Maria Rilke. He also taught and sculpted his lover Camille Claudel. This sculptor made his Saint John the Baptist Preaching larger than life-size due to critics accusing him of casting an earlier sculpture from a living model. He used that John the Baptist sculpture, minus the arms and head, as the basis for his The Walking Man. This creator of The Age of Bronze also executed a sculpture of Dante derived from his The Gates of Hell. For 10 points, name this French sculptor of The Thinker.
Output: Fine Arts
Many of the delegates to this event had previously caused a schism at a Society of Friends meeting, which motivated them to form the core of this events participants. Prior to this event, its organizers had been turned away from a worldwide anti-slavery conference, prompting them to organize it, and it produced a notable Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions, which among other things, stated that all men and women are created equal. It also produced eleven demands, the ninth of which was the right to vote. For ten points, identify this gathering to discuss womens rights, which was organized by Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton, and held in the latters New York home.
Output: History
This man and Donald Bayley created a secure voice communications machine called "Delilah". The Chinese Room Experiment was developed by John Searle in response to one of this man's namesake tests. He showed that the halting problem was undecidable. He devised a bombe with Gordon Welchman that found the settings of an Enigma machine. One of this man's eponymous machines which can perform any computing task is his namesake "complete." Name this man, whose eponymous test is used to determine if a machine can exhibit behavior indistinguishable from that of a human.
Output: History
He was the human grandfather of Melicertes, whose mother boiled him in a cauldron. He was also the grandfather of Actaeon, who was the son of his daughter Autonoe (aw-toe-NOH-ey). Another of his grandsons was torn to pieces by Agave, who was another of this man's daughters. Yet another of his daughters was burned to ashes while having sex with Zeus, while his son Polydorus was the ancestor of Oedipus. Before having all these miserable offspring, he was told by the oracle at Delphi to follow a cow and build a city wherever it stopped to rest, although his quest began as an attempt to find his sister Europa. FTP, identify this man who was instructed to sow dragon's teeth in the earth, thus engendering the people of Thebes.
Output: Social Science
Consoli et al. discussed data from recent high-precision ether-drift experiments which does not fit predictions made from CMB dipole data for the existence of this object. The GLIMPSE survey showed evidence for the existence of two galaxies in a Bautz-Morgan type I cluster located in it, the ACO3627, which was once known as the Norma supercluster. The Norma, Pavo-Indus and Virgo-Coma superclusters from a "great wall" like structure within this object which has no observed backside infall. Some studies indicate that mass estimates for it may be too high because infall in Shapely cluster was not accounted for, and the Zone of Avoidance has hindered the mapping of this object. It lies in the direction of hydra and centaurus, and is causing the Hubble flow of the Milky Way at 600 kilometers per second. FTP, identify this object that gets its name from pulling a lot of stuff towards it.
Output: Science
It is one of the few groups that favor substitution on a cyclohexane ring in an axial position, due to steric considerations. When heated, they undergo the Curtius rearrangement and become isocyanate groups, which in the presence of water is converted to an amine group. Often used in explosive triggers due to their sensitivity, they behave much like halogens, since their instability makes their displacement easy. FTP, identify this chemical group, consisting of a chain of 3 nitrogen atoms.
Output: Science
The highest point of this city is the Hermannskogel. A 20-ton bell made from captured Turkish cannons can be found in this city's St. Stephen's Cathedral. This city's chief park, the Prater, is known for its giant Ferris wheel. This city is home to the Ringstrasse (RING-strah-suh), on which stands the Rathaus. This city is the headquarters for the International Atomic Energy Agency and OPEC, and this city is located on the Danube River. For 10 points, name this capital of Austria.
Output: Social Science
He remarked that he didn't know whether he was running for the presidency or the penitentiary due to the fierce attacks to which he was subjected as the nominee of the Liberal Republicans, when he polled 86 electoral votes but died before the electoral college. He lost much of his following for opposing Lincoln's renomination and for signing the bail bond of Jefferson Davis, but earlier his editorials touting abolitionism and other Republican causes led him to be known as the greatest newspaper editor of his day. FTP, who was this founder of the New York Tribune, known for the advice "Go west, young man"
Output: History
This politician ran for attorney general of his home state after earlier joining the Barnburners in his party in bolting following the Democrats nomination of Lewis Cass for president in the election of 1848. In one post this man held, he successfully investigated and destroyed the corrupt Canal Ring, and he later willed part of his fortune alongside the resources of the Astor and Lenox families to help create the New York Public Library. In his run for the presidency, voting irregularities in South Carolina, Florida and Louisiana caused both parties to dispute the election results in those states, and Florida sent two different sets of electors to the electoral college. He lost his bid for the presidency after David Davis rejected an invitation to join the Electoral Commission, which replaced Davis with Joseph Bradley, a Republican Supreme Court Justice. The winner of the popular vote in the election of 1876, for 10 points, name this man who nevertheless lost his bid for the presidency to Rutherford Hayes.
Output: History
On December fifth, a six point three earthquake centered at this geographic location struck a location near the area that the Bantu-speaking Fipa people inhabit. It is fed by the Malagarasi and Ruzizi rivers and is home to a namesake species of sardine. Stanley Falls is located to its northwest near the convergence of its only outlet, the Lukuga, into the headstreams of the Congo. FTP, what is this world's second-largest lake by volume and largest lake of the Great Rift Valley, which borders Burundi, Zambia, the Congo, and Tanzania
Output: Social Science
The Maleficent system allows this tool to be used stably in mammalian cells. Proteins from the Argonaute family and Dicer make up the RISC complex that carry out the cleavage step in this process. First studied by Jorgenson in petunias, it is known as "quelling" in Neurospora. While it is now primarily used as an alternative to gene knockout, it may someday be useful therapeutically in silencing viral gene expression. FTP, name this tool from molecular biology, so named because it uses double-stranded RNA to disrupt gene expression.
Output: Science
The title character of this novel forces Abel Whittle to come to work without his pants to punish him for tardiness, and later he is infuriated when the carnival he planned is rained out while the indoor dance organized by his rival is a success. Jopp accidentally reveals the content of secret letters, which leads to the town organizing a parade featuring effigies of the title character and his lover Lucetta Templeton, and eventually the title character's step-daughter Elizabeth-Jane marries his rival Donald Farfrae. Elizabeth is sold to a sailor for five guineas, in, for 10 points, this novel about Michael Henchard by Thomas Hardy.
Output: Literature
Jonathan finds that his bicycle is still standing in this authors "Civil Peace," and Nwibe runs through town naked in "The Mad Man. " Sams dictatorship in Kangan is opposed by Chris and Ikem in his most recent work, while T.K. Winterbottom feuds with Ezelu in another of his novels. He created a character who commits suicide after killing a court messenger, because the rest of Umuofia will not join his revolt against the British. For 10 points, name this author of Anthills of the Savannah who created Okonkwo in Things Fall Apart.
Output: Literature
Mobility is related to the zeta potential, dielectric constant, and this quantity in the Smoluchowski equation. For gases, the variation of this quantity with temperature is given by Sutherland's formula. Measured with a Zahn cup, this quantity is squared in the Grashof number, and the ratio of this quantity to thermal diffusivity is the Prandtl number. When this quantity is zero, the Euler equations correspond to the NavierStokes equations. Reynolds number is the ratio of inertial forces to this quantity, which is constant for Newtonian fluids. Measured in poise [PWAHZ], this quantity is zero for superfluids. For 10 points, name this internal friction of a fluid that tends to resist its flow.
Output: Science
One movement of this work was described as a "black pearl," and the standard Schirmer edition of this work was prepared by Ralph Kirkpatrick. Glenn Gould referred to one movement as the "perfect Good Friday spell," and the eleventh movement is a four-voice fughetta The composer was introduced to this piece's dedicatee by Count Kaiserling, who gave him 100 louis-d'or as a reward. The penultimate section of this work is based on multiple folk songs including "I have so long been away from you" and "Cabbage and turnips have driven me away. " That movement is a quodlibet, while every third movement of this work is a canon, and this work was originally published as the fourth Clavier-bung. The final movement is a note-for-note repeat of the opening aria. Featuring 30 inner movements sandwiched between an aria and aria da capo, for 10 points, name this set of variations for harpsichord with two manuals.
Output: Fine Arts
One of its members published visual poems under the pseudonym I.K. Bonset and created the journal Mecano. Art Concret was founded toward the end of the prominence of this group, which in its early years included Vilmos Huszar and J.J.P. Oud. Word painting was the subject of its second manifesto, while the first discussed its goal of finding a new imagery. Works by its members include Ouds Caf de Unie and the Schrder house, which leans more toward its later Elementarism than its original Neo-Plasticism. FTP name this art movement and journal founded by Theo van Doesburg and exemplified by Piet Mondrian.
Output: Social Science
One composer from this country completed two parts of a projected thirteen-work cycle based on Hermann Broch's The Death of Virgil. One man from this country, which is not the Czech Republic, abandoned his opera Roussalka upon being diagnosed with neurasthenia. A Baroque music ensemble led by William Christie takes its name from an opera by another composer from here, and this country names the augmented sixth chord that contains the unaltered second scale degree. One composer from this country used "non-retrogradable" rhythms in the first and sixth movements of his best-known chamber work. That composer also theorized seven (*) "modes of limited transposition" in his book The Technique of My Musical Language and include statue, flower, and love themes in an orchestral work that prominently features the ondes Martenot. Another work by that composer from here contains the "Abyss of the Birds" movement and was composed in a prisoner-of-war camp. For 10 points, name this country, the birthplace of the composer of the Turangalila-Symphonie and the Quartet for the End of Time.
Output: Fine Arts
Hugh Aitken wrote a suite for flute and orchestra in which this man is "remembered. "  Castel allegedly introduced this man to the bird songs noted in Kircher's Musurgia Universalis, which can be heard in his The Call of the Birds and The Hen. Leopold Godowsky wrote piano arrangements of his "Tambourin" and "Rigaudon," while his four grand motets reflect his origins as a church organist in Clermont. The author of exotic operas such as Samson and Zoroastre and a treatise which introduced a new system of theoretical music, he is better-known for his use of classical myths in works like Dardanus and The Festivals of Hebe. FTP name this French composer who engaged Pergolesi in the War of the Buffoons and composed the operas Hyppolyte et Aricie and Castor et Pollux.
Output: Fine Arts
This ruler successfully defeated Chnodomarius at the Battle of Strasbourg, capping his campaigns against the Alamanni. This man wrote a satire of his own habits directed at the citizens of Antioch in which he ridiculed his beard, the Misopogon. During a rest stop in Paris, his troops mutinied and declared him emperor, which almost prompted a civil war between this man and Constanius II. He was slain shortly after his victory at Ctesiphon, where he defeated the armies of Shapur II's Sassanid Empire. As emperor, he rejected both the tetrarchal system of Diocletian and the religious values of Constantine. For 10 points, name this Roman Emperor from 355 to 363 CE, whose epithet refers to his Christian paganism in favor of the traditional Roman religion.
Output: History
Only one page survives of a work by this man subtitled "A Pedagogic Overture" and written to accompany a planned ballet co-written by Percy Wyndham Lewis. This composer of Dr. Syntax scored the film The First of the Few, from which he extracted his Spitfire Prelude and Fugue. His second and last opera was billed as an "Extravaganza in One Act" and was composed to a libretto written by Paul Dehn based on a Chekhov play. This composer of the coronation marches, Orb and Sceptre and Crown Imperial wrote the operas The Bear and Troilus and Cressida. He gained early fame for his orchestral setting of Edith Sitwell's Faade poems, but is best-known for setting texts from Psalms, Revelation, and Daniel to music. For 10 points, identify this twentieth-century British composer of the oratorio Belshazzar's Feast.
Output: Fine Arts