niryuu/sni-each-converted huggingface dataset:
He wrote a criticism of a hypocritical priest in "The Jamaica Funeral" and an allegory on death entitled "The House of Night. " The co-author of the satirical Father Bombo's Pilgrimage to Mecca, he is also known describing the discovery of America in "Pictures of Columbus" and for introducing an early version of Manifest Destiny in his epic poem "The Rising Glory of America. " Those works, however, are not as famous as one that uses the lines "And long shall timorous fancy see / The painted chief, and pointed spear" to describe the titular cemetery, one about the imminent death of a flower, or one about the author's six-week stay on a British prison ship. For 10 points, name this poet who wrote the poems "The Wild Honey Suckle" and "The Indian Burial Ground" and is often known by his nickname, "Poet of the American Revolution. "
Output: Literature
One of this author's works claims that no society can predict its future states of knowledge, thereby weakening the title theory. This author explained free will with a two-stage model in which quantum effects create a random set of new ideas and possible actions, and the mind exerts a "selective pressure" that eliminates all but one; that model was proposed in a book cowritten with John Eccles titled The Self and Its Brain. This author discussed the Quine-Duhem thesis in one work that claims that a theory with more general applications is less likely to be rejected in a test. One of this author's students attempted to reconcile his work with Thomas Kuhn and wrote abuot the falsification of research programs. For 10 points, name this teacher of Imre Lakatos who wrote The Open Society and Its Enemies and The Logic of Scientific Discovery.
Output: Social Science
This man's biggest defeat occurred days after his enemies arrived just in time to prevent Sangiban from turning traitor and opening the gates of Orlans to him. In that battle, this man allied himself with Walamir and was opposed by Theodoric and Flavius Aetius. After the Battle of (*) Chalons, this leader was convinced to retreat after meeting at Mantua with Pope Leo I. On the night of his wedding to Ildico, he died of a nosebleed. For 10 points, name this ""Scourge of God"" and leader of the Huns.
Output: History
This author described a sacred ancestral footpath fenced off by Michael Obi in his short story "Dead Men's Path." One of his works deals with Odili and the title politician, Chief Nanga, while the Feast of the New Yam is not performed by Ezeulu in his novel Arrow of God. His most famous work sees the protagonist violate the Week of Peace by beating his wife; that character later participates in the execution of Ikemefuna. For 10 points, name this Nigerian author who wrote about Okonkwo in Things Fall Apart.
Output: Literature
The background of this work depicts an orange grove with trees that have gold covered leaves. One figure in the right foreground of this work is shown wearing a white dress with blue flowers. Roses appear to the left of the central figure in this work, who covers her right breast. Zephyr and Chloris blow the titular figure of this work to land, where she is to be covered with a red robe. The nude title figure of this painting is shown rising up from the sea on a shell. For 10 points, identify this painting of the Roman goddess of love by Sandro Botticelli.
Output: Fine Arts
Among this man's inventions are an improved gyrocompass and, with Leo Szilard, a refrigerator that cooled using only heat as an input. One formula attributed to this man states that energy equals Planck's constant times the frequency of radiation. Another states that in the same reference frame, gravity and acceleration are locally equal, and is known as the equivalence principle. A third formula states that rest energy equals mass times the square of the speed of light. For 10 points, name this Swiss physicist who explained the photoelectric effect, developed general relativity, and formulated the equation E equals m c squared.
Output: Science
In one section of this work, its author suggests that Agnes could be saved if the merman deceived her and surrendered to the demonic. The story of Amor and Psyche, a bridegroom consulting the Oracle at Delphi, and the play Iphigenia at Aulis are described in one section of this work. This work distinguishes between the slave of the finite and the knight of the infinite resignation and also compares a ballet dancer to the "knight of faith" prior to examing its three "problemata. " Published under the pseudonym of Johannes de Silentio, it begins with a discussion of the story of the blinding of Isaac. Taking its title from Philippians, this is, FTP, which philosophical work by Soren Kierkegaard
Output: Literature
A capital letter is used to denote these stabilizing agents in the Zimm-Bragg model, and high-pressure formic acid has exhibited their symmetric variety. The presence of these entities in the coiled coil of the quaternary structure of collagen gives the protein its tensile strength. Occasionally appearing in bifurcated form, they are used in smart rubber and usually occur with Fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen and their namesake. Weaker than covalent forces, these dipole-dipole bonds often cause materials to have high boiling points. For 10 points, identify these bonds, famously present in water and named for the lightest element.
Output: Science
DC Josephson effect occurs because of this effect. This effect is used in STMs, which are a type of microscopes. Calculating the probability of this happening for a Heaviside step function requires using the boundary conditions that the wavefunction and its derivative have to be continuous everywhere. The probability of this happening has a hyperbolic sine squared in its denominator and this was used to explain (*) alpha decay as protons would need a large amount of energy to leave the nucleus. This effect happens when a potential barrier is greater than the energy of a moving particle and the particle moves through the barrier. For 10 points, name this quantum mechanical effect.
Output: Science
The title character goes by the names Lily and Arlette, but is always loved by Ricardo, in a recent novel by this author. In one of this author's novels, the title entity is shut down after the protagonist shows up to the funeral of Olga the Brazilian. That novel's protagonist cheats on his wife Pochita and supplies ($) prostitutes to army barracks, and is named Pantaleon Pantoja. A man known as "Egghead" lets his young daughter be raped in another of work of his. Euclides da Cunha inspired the character of The (*) Journalist in another of this author's novels, which sees the red-headed phrenology- loving Scotsman Galileo Gall join a rebellion. This author wrote about Urania Cabral and the Dominican dictator Rafael Trujillo in another novel. For ten points, identify this Peruvian author of The Feast of the Goat and The War of the End of the World.
Output: Literature
Toward the end of this period the office of Shikken assumed most of the Shoguns power, and Northern and Southern imperial lines existed simultaneously. It began when the Taira clan was defeated in the Gempei war, and also saw the defeat of two Mongol invasions. However, it ended when one of the generals in the Genko war defected to the emperor Go-Daigo. Seeing the rule of the Minimoto and Hojo families, For 10 points, identify this first Japanese Shogunate, which was succeeded by the Ashikaga Shogunate and is named for a city near Tokyo.
Output: History
artist created a series of fourteen lithographs illustrating his poem, "The Lizard with Feathers of Gold," and depicts a figure in black striped shirt with arms crossed in his portrait of E. C. Ricart. He founded a group of young artists called "Agrupacio Courbet," during a time that his biographer Jacques Dupin refers to as his "poetic realist" phase. An ear comes out of a tree trunk next to a placard that reads "JOUR" while an eye peaks out from the leaves in his The Tilled Field. This artist of The Harlequin Carnival and The Reaper also painted a night scene which shows a red-runged ladder on the left that appears to reach up to the sky, while an animal sits on the brown ground to the right and stares upward at a celestial body. FTP, name this artist of Dog Barking at the Moon, a short-lived surrealist of Spanish origin.
Output: Fine Arts
Its first section states that a "full glass of wine at the proper moment is worth more than all the riches of the world," while its fourth section begins with a description of maidens picking lotus flowers among bushes. A man's stomach and soul become full of wine in its fifth section "The Drunkard in Spring," and the images of a jade bridge and green and white porcelain dominate its fifth section, "Of Youth. "  Its last section, "The Farewell," ends with the word "ewig" repeated twice, and it was first conducted by Bruno Walter six months after its composer died. For 10 points -- name this orchestration of Chinese poems that was deliberately not called a Ninth Symphony by Gustav Mahler.
Output: Fine Arts
In a poem reminiscent of a Longfellow work, he wrote of a "smithy's" "unpredictable fantail of sparks" in "The Forge. " He details his reaction to his young brother dying in "Mid-Term Break," while he describes a pilgrimage to Lough Derg in Station Island. One of his poems contrasts a "squat pen" resting in his hands with the "spade sink[ing] into gravelly ground," and another of his poems contrasts Miss Walls's classroom explanation of animal mating with collecting frogspawn near a flax dam. FTP, name this author of "Digging," Death of a Naturalist, and a recent translation of Beowulf, an Irish poet.
Output: Literature
One of this author's characters finds the erotic handbook Eros Himself, which leads him to discover his son Terry is gay. In another novel a man dream that pigs' blood covers his penis, but later realizes it was his wife's menstruation; and that wife recalls looking at a photo in Life magazine showing herself as a child with her servant Lydia, who holds her backpack. This author wrote about Paul Bannerman's struggle with thyroid cancer in Get a Life. She wrote a novel ending when Maureen runs toward a helicopter after Bamford's gun is stolen by a tribesman. For 10 points, name this South African author who wrote about Mehring in The Conservationist and the Smales family in July's People.
Output: Literature
On the moon, mascons are areas where this type of anomaly is present. In geophysics, its strength is related to an object's moment of inertia by MacCullagh's formula. Faye's formula gives the difference in values of this phenomenon that is induced by free-air anomalies. Models with anomalies in the strength of this phenomenon can be calculated in a formula given by Bouguer. The equipotential surface of this force which gives the (*) mean sea level is known as the geoid. The distance at which tidal forces will overcome this other force is known as the Roche limit. Isostatic equilibria are made between a balance between the lithosphere's buoyancy and this other force. For 10 points, name this force, which causes a downward acceleration of most objects equal to 9.8 meters per second squared.
Output: Science
One of these objects denoted JM1 regulates iron uptake, and the Rep/STB system is responsible for partitioning another of these objects, 2m, between mother and daughter cells in yeast. Clowes divided one class of these objects into "stringent" and "relaxed," and a meeting in a Honolulu delicatessen led to Cohen and Boyer's agreement to collaborate on several experiments advancing their study, including the (*) cleavage of SC101 by the restriction enzyme EcoRI. A process involving sex pili, conjugation, allows organisms to transfer these objects. For 10 points, name these common cloning vectors, often consisting of circular non-nuclear DNA fragments, the best known of which are F, which initiates conjugation, and R, used to confer antibiotic resistance.
Output: Science
Geoffrey of Villehardouin wrote the principle account of this event and Fulk of Neuilly helped drum up support for it. Despite papal objections, it attacked and captured the Christian city of Zara and spent the winter there. After the death of Thibaut of Champagne, the leadership of the Crusade passed to Boniface of Montferrat. The future Alexius IV appealed to European kings on behalf of his father Isaac Angelus, leading Doge Dandolo to divert the crusade to Constantinople. For 10 points, name this 1202-04 crusade in which Venice sacked Constantinople.
Output: History
One author from this country wrote about a nave village boy recruited to fight in a civil war in his "novel in rotten English," Sozaboy. Another author from this country was awarded the 1991 Booker Prize for his best known work, The Famished Road. Another novel by an author from this nation is No Longer at Ease, which recounts the firing of a government worker, Obi Okonkwo, whose similarly named grandfather was the protagonist of the novel Things Fall Apart. For 10 points, name this nation of Ken Saro-Wiwa, Ben Okri and Chinua Achebe.
Output: Literature
The horns play his sad theme, and he is the principal attraction at a carnival in a public square in Saint Petersburg. He is in love with a ballerina who hates him and loves a handsomely attired Moor. When he interrupts the Moors flirting, the Moor kills him, and the crowd erupts in anger, quieted only when a policeman reminds everyone that the victim is, after all, only a puppet. For ten points, identify this title character, first danced by Waslaw Nijinsky, in a 1911 ballet by Igor Stravinsky.
Output: Fine Arts
Verbti, a blind Albanian god with perfect hearing, was associated with the north wind and this phenomenon, and in Aztec myth the creator god Ometecuhtli was associated with this. In Japanese myth, a god associated with this phenomenon produced 8 gods when he was cut up by his father, who was distraught because that god's birth killed his mother. In Indian myth, the god of this also serves as the messenger of the gods and acceptor of sacrifices, and licks up butter with his 7 tongues, while in Norse myth, the personification of this phenomenon wins an eating contest in the hall of Utgard-Loki by devouring a boar together with its bones. FTP, name this natural phenomenon associated with Agni and Kagutsuchi, who produced 8 volcanoes after his birth burnt his mother Izanami to death.  
Output: Social Science
Johannes Fabricius was the first to publish a book on these entities, which are caused by strong radial vortical fields. Rudolf Wolf is the namesake of a quantity that measures the number of these objects. The periodic variation of their positions is given by Sprer's law, according to which they follow an 11-year cycle. There was a low number of them between 1645 and 1715, which is referred to as the Maunder Minimum. Associated with strong magnetic fields, they are 1500 Kelvin cooler than the surrounding photosphere. FTP, name these dark patches that appear on the surface of the sun.
Output: Science
In 1964, Wladyslaw Moes claimed to be the inspiration for this work of literature, which was also partly inspired by an outbreak in Palermo. Its main character, the author of the book A Study in Abjection, nearly leaves for home, but an accident with his luggage gives him an excuse to continue his vacation where, obsessed with a boy he thinks is named Tadzio, he dies of cholera. FTP, name this 1912 novella by Thomas Mann.
Output: Literature
One composer from this country wrote a "Solemn March in Honor of the Immortal National Bard," and another wrote the opera The Supposed Miracle. Another of its composers adapted Paradise Lost in 1978 but may be better known for the Anaklasis. That man wrote a piece, scored for fifty-two strings, which uses whistling harmonics and quarter-tone clusters to recall a 1945 event, the Threnody for the Victims of Hiroshima. Another composer from this country wrote the Symphony of Sorrowful Songs, while another one wrote a big mess of nocturnes, preludes, and etudes for the piano. For 10 points, name this home country of Frederic Chopin and Krystof Penderecki.
Output: Fine Arts
this opera, a woman sings "Tu che di gel sei sinta" to the title character before stabbing herself to escape torture. One character in this opera explains how her ancestor was violently raped and murdered by an invader in the aria "In Questa Reggia. " At its premiere, after words calling for poetry, its conductor cut off and said "the maestro died. " Characters in this opera include the blind Timur, the maid Liu, and the ministers Ping, Pang, and Pong. Calaf sings the aria "Nessun Dorma" in this opera, anticipating that no one will reveal his name to the title woman. For 10 points, name this opera based on a Carlo Gozzi text about a Chinese princess, composed by Giacomo Puccini.
Output: Fine Arts
This composer wrote a work that describes a sergeant barking at his soldiers to count faster. A male chorus singing the "Shema Yisroel" concludes that work by this man, in which a narrator reads an account of Jews being rounded up in a ghetto. This composer used a controversial "inverted ninth" chord in a a string sextet inspired by a poem about a woman telling her lover that she is bearing another man's child that was written by (*) Richard Dehmel. This composer of of A Survivor from Warsaw developed a system by which all the pitches of a chromatic scale are arranged without repetition into a "tone row". For 10 points, name this composer of Transfigured Night, a leader of the Second Viennese School who developed "twelve-tone technique".
Output: Fine Arts
section in this book discusses the notion of being "star friends" with someone even if one is forced to be "earth enemies. " Another section of this book notes that "only one thing is needful" and that is to "give style to one's character. " A third section of this advances the notion that Socrates was equally great in silence as he was in speech, but regrets that he had last words. One writing included in this book was described by the author in another book as "dancing right over morality" and "The perfect Provencalism. " That writing is the "Song to Mistral," one of the many poems included in this book. The most notable idea in this book is followed with the declaration that a shadow still exists and must be conquered, while another idea that this book introduced is defined as the idea that the universe repeats its patterns, known as eternal recurrence. For ten points, identify this book by Friedrich Nietzsche which contains his famous declaration "God is dead. "
Output: Literature
method to measure this property uses spring plates which are vibrated at uniform amplitude and frequency. The energy input is then measured. The classical method to measure this quantity uses a capillary tube, and is named after (*) Stokes. This quantity is almost independent of pressure and density in gases, but increases with temperature; in liquids, however, it decreases as temperature increases. This quantity can be calculated using Newton's equation describing fluid motion, and its kinematic version is equal to the dynamic version divided by the density. It is given by the ratio of shear stress to the velocity gradient. For 10 points, name this property of a fluid measured in units of poise, the resistance of a fluid to flow.
Output: Science
This faction arose from a 13th century conflict over the imperial crown between Otto of Brunswick and Frederick II. It takes its name from a corruption of Waiblingen, an estate that belonged to the Hohenstaufen emperors. The conflict later moved to Italy, where this faction earned its present name, representing Pisa, Verona, and Arezzo. Its members were expelled from Florence in 1266, and in 1334 Pope Benedict XII forbade the use of this name and its rival faction's name. Representing those that favored imperial over papal authority, FTP, identify this faction constantly opposed to Dante and his Guelphs.
Output: History
This man lost the Battle of Tres Acequias to his rival Jose Carrera, whom he would later have executed. This ruler ordered Antonio Navarro to assassinate his other rival Manuel Rodriguez. He established a navy under the command of the Earl of Dundonald, Thomas Cochrane, though he was eventually overthrown by his chief admiral, Manuel Encalada. Early in his career, he was defeated by Mariano Osorio at the Disaster of Rancagua, leading to the Spanish reconquest of his homeland and requiring his eastern neighbor to resupply him by crossing a mountain chain. He was proclaimed Supreme Dictator after leading a decisive cavalry charge at the Battle of Chacabuco while fighting under Jose de San Martin. For ten points, name this Chilean freedom fighter of Irish descent.
Output: History
This man established the rurales to combat bandits, and Ramon Corral and Jose Limantour were among the cientificos who advised him. This man chose Manuel Gonzalez as his handpicked successor, and he reached his highest office by defeating Sebastian de Lerdo after issuing his Plan of Tuxtepec. His downfall was accompanied by a rebellion organized by Pascual Orozco and the declaration of the Plan of San Luis Potos by Francisco Madero, who signed the Treaty of Ciudad Juarez with this man, forcing him into exile. For 10 points, name this mestizo Mexican ruler from Oaxaca (wah-HAH-cah), who was president from 1884 until 1911.
Output: History
One of his few surviving drawings for the design of St. Peters would have made it resemble the temple in the background of his The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple. He was one of the last artists to use metalpoint for his numerous preparatory drawings. An early work of his, the Ansidei altarpiece, shows him beginning to develop a distinct style from his teacher, while his Wedding of the Virgin resembles the Delivery of the Keys, a famous work of his teacher (*) Perugino. The Parnassus and La Disputa are two of the frescoes in the Stanza della Signatura, perhaps his greatest achievement, while his only mythology piece, Galatea, was revered in later centuries as the epitome of the classical style. FTP, name this high renaissance painter who depicted his rival Michaelangelo in his The School of Athens.
Output: Fine Arts
This work's first section describes an object that has ""white hills, white thighs"" as the speaker describes how his ""rough peasants body digs in you. "" The third section of this work describes the ""murmur of waves breaking, slow play of lights. "" This collection ends with the lines ""It is the hour of departure. Oh abandoned one! "" and laments how the author is ""deserted like the dwarves at dawn. "" The author of this work notes, "Your breast is enough for my heart" and also that "Girl lithe and tawny, nothing draws me towards you." It contains such poems as ""Body of Woman"" and ""Ah Vastness of Pines"", and the speaker of its final poem laments "In you everything sank!" For 10 points, identify this collection of poems that includes "Tonight I can write the saddest lines", written by Pablo Neruda.
Output: Literature
In 1927, Isamu Noguchi served as this man's assistant for seven months, and in 2004, one of his works, Danaide, sold for a then record $18.1 million dollars. Sophisticated Young Lady is an alternate name for one of his works, and Princess X consists of only the title feature's neck and head. A portrait of Baroness Rene Frachon inspired one of his most famous works, Sleeping Muse. His most famous achievement was a series of sixteen sculptures in bronze and marble that attempted to capture the essence of flight by eliminating wings and feathers. FTP, name this Romanian-born French sculptor of Sleeping Muse and the Bird in Space series.
Output: Fine Arts
Two Parrots, the King, and His Son was one of the etchings this man produced for The Fables of La Fontaine, commissioned by art dealer Ambroise Vollard. Late in his life, Andre Malraux commissioned him to paint a ceiling divided by different colored spokes for the Paris Opera House. In one self-portrait, he can be seen working on a picture of a goat while the Eiffel Tower is visible through the window; that painting shows him (*) with Seven Fingers. Also known for his work in stained glass, in one of his best known works, a green-faced man stares at a white goat while a woman stands upside down below his native town of Vitebsk. For 10 points, name this Russian painter of I and the Village.
Output: Fine Arts
The Krutzsch process produced about a ten percent aqueous solution of this compound, but was never commercialized. This compound is produced commercially by sending bubbles of air through a solution of anthracene, leading to the autoxidation of 2-alkyl anthrahydroquinone to a 2-alkyl anthraquinone. That process is known as the AO process and was invented by Riedl and Pfleiderer. This compound is found with ferrous salts in Fenton's reagent, and oxidizes sodium hypochlorite to give oxygen. A three percent aqueous solution of it is useful for treating minor wounds. It is broken down to oxygen and water by catalase. For 10 points, name this oxidizing agent with formula H2O2.
Output: Science
The fifth ruler with this name was co-ruler with his brother for 14 years despite being mentally impaired. The sixth was deposed in favor of empress Elizabeth. The second was known as the "Meek", and succeeded his father, the first, who was known as "Moneybags". The most famous is the fourth, who established the Zemsky Sobor and a personal secret service known as the O-prich-ni-ki. FTP, give this shared name of several Russian Czars, the most infamous of which was known as "the Terrible. "
Output: History
An empire centered on this island was defeated during the Expedition of a Thousand. A 13th center uprising occurring on this island was known as its Vespers. The First Punic War ended with Roman control of this island. During the Peloponnesian War, an expedition led by Alcibiades sought to capture this island's city of Syracuse. During World War II, General Patton captured this island's cities of Palermo and Messina. For 10 points, name this large island that is part of Italy.
Output: History
Formed by land speculators and settlers who used threats, intimidation and violence to eventually earn statehood for their homeland in 1791, they gained their most enduring fame, not for those exploits against New Yorkers, but for fighting the British at Bennington and Ticonderoga, under Seth Warner, John Stark, and their founder. For 10 points, name these armed bands of Vermonters founded about 1770 by Ethan Allan.
Output: History
One of this man's works has been performed at every British coronation since it was written. That work is titled Zadok the Priest. This composer also wrote many keyboard suites, including The Harmonious Blacksmith, and he wrote a work commemorating the end of The War of the Austrian Succession. Another of his works features a  "Hornpipe" section, and was written to be played on the royal barge. In addition to his Music for the Royal Fireworks and Water Music, he wrote an oratorio that contains a popular "chorus" sung around Christmastime. For 10 points, name this German born composer whose Messiah contains the "Hallelujah Chorus."
Output: Fine Arts
In The Skin of Our Teeth, Henry Antrobus once shared his name with this person. Jose Saramago's final novel is titled for this figure. A character who represents this figure is told Timshel at the end of the novel in which he appears. That character sells beans during World War I and causes his mother Cathy Ames to commit suicide. Grendel and his mother are said to be descendants of this figure. Caleb Trask is the stand-in for this character, contrasting him with his brother Aron, in John Steinbeck's East of Eden. For 10 points, name this Biblical character who gets a namesake "mark" for killing his brother Abel.
Output: History
This element has a characteristic D line at 589 nanometers and is produced in the electrolytic Castner process. The movement of this element is counteracted by the movement of potassium in a namesake "pump" based off of active transport. A strong base containing hydroxide and this metal is known as lye while baking soda consists of a compound containing this metal and bicarbonate. For 10 points, name this alkali metal found along with chlorine in table salt.
Output: Science
Stratonovich introduced a version of this operation for stochastic processes. Another type of this operation is named after Lebesgue (le bay). Fubini's theorem specifies the conditions under which the iterated type of this operation can be performed in a different order. Doing this (*) ""by parts"" is useful for certain products of functions. Another type of this operation is named after Riemann, and it can be approximated using the rectangle method. For 10 points, name this operation which is connected to differentiation by the fundamental theorem of calculus.
Output: Social Science
The dot product of two vectors over the product of their lengths gives this function of the angle between them. A law named for this function generalizes the Pythagorean theorem to non-right triangles; it uses two sides of a triangle and the included angle to find the length of the third side. (*) For 10 points, name this trigonometric ratio commonly calculated as "adjacent over hypotenuse" in right triangles.
Output: Science
This novels protagonist buys three baked yams on the street after emptying a spittoon on a Baptist preachers head, which results in him being banned from the Mens House for ninety-nine years and one day. He eventually leaves Marys home for good after a meeting at the Chthonian hotel helps cushion the loss of his job working for Mr. Kimbro at Liberty Paints, the only place that will take the protagonist after Dr. Bledsoe sends him away from his college for allowing Mr. Norton to meet Jim Trueblood. His new job entails him delivering speeches against Ras, whose inciting of destruction forces the narrator to flee, whereupon he falls through a manhole. Enlarged from its authors short story Battle Royal, it begins with the title character describing his life underground. FTP, name this novel by Ralph Ellison.
Output: Literature
In one opera by this composer, Leila is recognized as a woman who saved a man's life because of a necklace, and two characters sing the ""Friendship Duet. "" Zurga and Nadir feature in that opera by this composer. In another opera, this composer wrote the ""Flower Song"" and told of Don Jose's murder of the title character after she spurns him for the bullfighter Escamillo. For 10 points, name this French composer of the operas The Pearl Fishers and Carmen.
Output: Fine Arts
The sequel to this work uses the example of tigers in India to illustrate that things can be known either intuitively or representatively, and is called The Meaning of Truth. One of its sections discusses Vivekenanda's use of the Atman and the Whitman poem "To You" to describe when universal conceptions have meaning. It uses the example of a man chasing a squirrel around a tree to illustrate this works namesake method. Its opening section states that empiricism has no religion and rationalism has no facts, leading to "The Present Dilemma in Philosophy", and puts forth the dictum that truths come form facts. For 10 points, name this work espousing a namesake practical philosophy by William James.
Output: Social Science
During the battle of Lincoln, this man was captured by William de Cahaigne and afterwards imprisoned on the orders of his cousin. After the death of his son Eustace, this man signed the treaty of Wallingford which would settle his succession once and for all. His claim to power was made possible by his brother Theobald's lack of interest, and got Innocent II's papal blessing. His wife, Matilda of Boulogne, was an important ally, and she managed to have him released by exchanging him for Robert, Earl of Gloucester, his cousin's most prominent general. His mother, Adela, was a daughter of William the Conqueror, which gave him a claim on the throne. He further claimed that Henry I had appointed him as successor on his deathbed, with led to struggle with the Empress Matilda, known as the Anarchy. FTP, who was this last Norman king of England, predecessor of Henry II
Output: History
The bacteria responsible for this disease can form colonies with rugose morphology. The toxin in this disease ribosylates G proteins leading to constitutive cAMP production. Serogroup O1 of its causative agent is responsible for its Asiatic form. It is caused by a bacterium in genus (*) Vibrio, and death from this disease often is because of dehydration. For 10 points, name this severe disease of the intestines that can be contracted from drinking water contaminated with fecal material.
Output: Science
This work claims that sensation is always of a quality and that qualities are either primary-extension, figure, mobility, and number; or secondary-not really belonging to things but imputed to them. It goes on to argue that knowledge, at once general and real, must be of the relation of ideas to each other, though that point is more doubtful in The Reasonableness of Christianity, a follow up to this work. Its motif appears in the beginning, a refutation of the doctrine of "innate ideas," maintaining that all knowledge is of empiric origin. FTP, name this philosophical treatise by John Locke.
Output: Social Science
One commander killed in this engagement invented a beech-loading rifle that had earlier been used in the Battle of Brandywine. The Patriot commanders in this battle utilized shifting positions along the base of the central topological entity in this battle, while the leading Loyalist officer's decision to put on a plaid shirt to cover his officer's colors resulted in his demise, as Patriot snipers trained their sights onto the shirt. Colonels John Sevier and William Campbell led part of the Patriot attack at this engagement, and were opposed by Major Patrick Ferguson's force of roughly 1,100 Loyalists. For 10 points, name this Patriot victory in the American Revolution in North Carolina, which followed Horatio Gates' defeat at Camden.
Output: History
One ruler of this country had a secret police force whose name meant "The Ear of Corn," the Mazorkas. In addition to that caudillo named Juan Manuel de Rosas, another ruler of this nation was supported by the Descamisados. This country was the site of the "Dirty War," which was instigated by Jorge Rafael Videla. This nation, along with Brazil and Uruguay, defeated Paraguay in the War of the Triple Alliance. It was once ruled by Juan Peron, whose wife was known as Evita. For 10 points, name this South American country whose leaders reside in Buenos Aires.
Output: History
This functional group is produced in the second step of the Darzens condensation and can be synthesized enantioselectively using a manganese-salen complex as a catalyst or a combination of titanium tetraisopropoxide and diethyl tartrate in reactions named for Jacobsen and Sharpless. Reaction with tungsten reagents and triphenylphosphine will result in elimination to produce alkenes; in the inverse reaction, a butterfly mechanism is hypothesized this functional group's formation from the reaction of a peroxyacid with an alkene. It may also be produced from a halohydrin via an intramolecular Williamson reaction. FTP name this highly strained functional group, a three-membered cyclic ether.
Output: Science
This writer of A Letter Concerning Toleration also helped draft the Fundamental Constitution of the Carolinas. In one this man's works, he criticizes the so-called Divine Right of Kings and designates the role of the government as protecting the natural rights of mankind. This man's most famous idea is that men learn and gain ideas through experience and begin with a state of mind called the "tabula rasa."  For 10 points, name this thinker, who wrote An Essay Concerning Human Understanding and Two Treatises of Government.
Output: Social Science
One character in this play describes another as a sucker who is getting smaller, saying that in another year "there'd be nothing left but his smell." Another character in this play regrets not professing his love for Lydia before she got married and had three children. In this play, George is told to remember incidents such as when his father blamed Frank for giving him a bad tip about oil stock. The death of a character not seen in this play is not believed by his mother Kate due to the fact that November 25th was his most favorable day, but that belief is shattered when Ann gives her a letter revealing that Larry purposely crashed his plane after discovering that his father had covered up defects in engine cylinders for P-40s. For 10 points, name this play about Joe Keller by Arthur Miller.
Output: Literature
This man's head was preserved in honey and oil after his death in battle, and his cousin Stephen III replaced this man's elder brother with. Basarab Laiota. He fled his homeland after Bogdan II of a neighboring region was murdered, and as a child he was sent to Adrianople as appeasement. His older brother was blinded with iron forks and killed at Tirgoviste, and this ruler's wife threw herself into the Arges River. He launched the "Night Attack" to stave off Sultan Mehmed II, but he was soon imprisoned by Matthias Corvinus after the defection ofhis brother Radu the Handsome. For ten points, identify this voivode of Wallachia who got his epithet for his cruel methods of execution and provided the inspiration for Bram Stoker's Dracula.
Output: History
In this novel, Lebezyatnikov exposes another character after he slips a hundred-ruble note in a girl's pocket. This novel's protagonist refuses copying work given to him by his university friend Razumikhin, and he also receives a letter from his mother Pulkheria telling of his sister's engagement to Luzhin. Porfiry Petrovich mistakenly (*) investigates a pair of painters in this novel, not long after Alyona Ivanova and Lizaveta are found murdered. For ten points, identify this novel in which the creepy Svidrigailov and prostitute Sonya make the acquaintance of Raskolnikov, who murdered a pawnbroker with an axe, a work of Fyodor Dostoevsky.
Output: Literature
One character in this novel marries his true love after being disinherited for his earlier relationship with Lucy Steele. Another character in this novel, Fanny, refuses to allow her brother to love her sister-in-law, driving the latter to depart for the cottage of John Middleton. One of this novel's protagonists enters into a whirlwind romance with John Willoughby, who soon abandons her. This novel resolves with Colonel Brandon and Edward Ferrars respectively marrying Elinor and Marianne Dashwood. For 10 points, name this Jane Austen novel which contrasts Elinor's good judgment with Marianne's impulsiveness.
Output: Literature
One character in this work uses a hashish metaphor to counter an accusation that he has done his master more harm than good and is laughed at for using big words during a debate with some southern scholars. That character later stands on some ramparts alone, playing a zither, thus dissuading his rival from following him, while in a different episode that character captured and released a barbarian general seven times. Another character, who rides a horse named Red Hare, betrays and kills the man whom he used to serve as a bodyguard, Dong Zhuo. The victors of the Battle of Xiapi later hang Lu Bu, though before he is killed, he is almost recruited by Cao Cao. For 10 points, name this work by Luo Guanzhong, in which an oath is taken in a peach garden by Guan Yu, Zhang Fei, and Liu Bei during the Yellow Turban Rebellion.
Output: Literature
One possible cooperative example of this effect is the vibronic theory of ferroelectricity, an idea that was first suggested by Bersuker. Longuet-Higgins was responsible for the first demonstration of this effect in optic spectroscopy by calculating energy levels of a system with the E-e problem. This effect is similar to the RTE, and the pseudo type of this is demonstrated in the stereochemical non-rigidity of molecules and ions as well as in fluxional behavior. This is most often encountered in octahedral complexes of the transition metals as well as six-coordinate copper II complexes. For ten points, name this doubly-eponymous effect where non-linear molecules experience a geometrical distortion under certain conditions.
Output: Science
This man claimed a certain people had no philosophical tradition of their own in a book that explores the two distinct spheres of influence created for men and women of those people. This man discussed the continuity of strong central government in The Old Regime and the Revolution. This man argued that it was not law, but social mores descended from the (*) "Puritan founding", that maintained equality in a work that began as a prison study. That book examined the importance of townships in forming the title type of government and was written after this man spent nine months observing the society and customs of some former British colonies . For 10 points, name this French noble who traveled to the US in the 1830s to write Democracy in America.
Output: Social Science
In one of this man's works, the titular scholar is killed while on a pilgrimage to Jerusalem, while a debate set at the court of King Pedro I of Castille forms the basis for his "Disputation. " His late works include a ballet libretto entitled Doctor Faust, and a prose work called The Gods in Exile. One of this writer's collections contains "Evening Twilight," "The Avowal," and "Night in the Cabin," and in addition to writing The North Sea cycle, this poet wrote about a Babylonian king in his poem "Belshazzar. " This poet wrote epics like Atta Troll and Germany: A Winter's Tale, while another one of his collections includes the sections "Stories," "Lamentations," and "Hebrew Melodies," and is entitled Romanzero. For ten points, identify this poet of the "Book of Songs," who described a mythical creature that combed its hair and sung a deadly song in his "Die Lorelai. "  
Output: Literature
The characteristic feature of this phylum of animals is composed of a matrix of conchiolin (conk-EYE-o-lin) which binds to aragonite. The ctenidia (ten-ID-ee-uh) are a breathing apparatus in this phylum which includes periwinkles and conniwinks. The chiton (KAI-ton) is an extremely primitive member of this phylum, whose members possess a scraping feature used for collecting food called the radula (RAD-yoo-luh). Among the classes found in this phylum are cephalopods, (*) gastropods, and bivalves. For 10 points, name this class of shelled invertebrates that includes mussels and clams.
Output: Science
A misunderstanding in this opera spares the Countess of Ceprano [chehp-RAH-noh] from possible physical harm. The title character of this opera is subjected to a curse by Monterone [mon-tair-OH-nay] at the end of its first act, which opens with one character singing about his success with women in "Questa o quella". In this opera, Sparafucile [SPAR-ah-FOO-chee-lay] almost kills Maddalena and is prevented from doing so by Gilda's decision to die instead. In this opera's most famous aria, the Duke of Mantua laments the fickleness of women; that song is "La donna e mobile". Name this opera about an Italian jester, composed by Giuseppe Verdi.
Output: Fine Arts
This composer created one of the very first roles of the Luthal instrument in his Tzigane, and his piano duet written for Mimi and Jean Godebski is entitled Mother Goose. "The Valley of Bells" and "A Boat on the Ocean" are two sections of his difficult Miroirs, and he included "Ondine" and "Le Gibet" in his piano work meant to be more difficult than Balakirev's Islamey, Gaspard de la nuit. The end of one work features an eight bar shift from C major to E major right before bass drum and cymbals make their first entrance reinforcing the ostinato first played by the snare drums. For 10 points, name this composer, who created Pavane for a Dead Princess and the repetitive Bolero.
Output: Fine Arts
This organelle's lamina helps support its shape. Some protists have both a macro and micro version of this organelle. One part of this organelle is the location of ribosome synthesis, while importins and exportins assist in transport in and out of this organelle. This organelle, whose envelope is continuous with the rough endoplasmic reticulum, has pores in its double membrane. Transcription occurs within this organelle, which disappears during mitosis as its chromatin assemble into chromosomes. For 10 points, name the control center of the cell.
Output: Science
Its current Prime Minister was implicated in a fake employment contract debacle known as the Annajat scandal. A Greek-American expatriate was ransomed after being kidnapped in this country, prompting Teddy Roosevelt to claim the government wants "Perdicaris alive or Raisuli dead. " The publication by Gilles Perrault, "Our Friend the King" which documented the human rights violations of this country's previous monarch significantly deteriorated its relationship with France. The deployment of the (*) German gunboat Panther to a port city of this country eventually sparked the second international crisis and earlier the first international crisis was tentatively settled at the Algeciras Conference. For 10 points, name this country currently ruled by the Alaouite king Muhammad VI, with capital at Rabat.
Output: History
Egorov's theorem relates two types of this property for measurable functions. A theorem named for Vitali applies when a dominating function cannot be found; when one can, Lebesgue's dominated this theorem applies. This property also makes Fatou's lemma reduce to that theorem. The pointwise type of this property is weaker than the uniform type. On the complex plane, this condition's equivalent is named for Cauchy, since there, it's possible for each element past some point to be arbitrarily close, without approaching a unique value. For 10 points, name this property lacked by the partial sums of the harmonic series, which requires that a sequence has a limit.
Output: Science
This country's extinct Mt. Gambier forms four crater lakes and it is bounded to the north by the Arafura Sea. A treeless limestone plateau called Nullarbor Plain lies on its large southern bight. The Bass Strait separates an island state from its mainland, and this country's Cape Yorke Peninsula serves as a border to the Gulf of (*) Carpentaria and as the northern terminus of the Great Dividing Range. Other features of it include Lake Eyre and the Great Sandy Desert. Tasmania lies to the south of, for 10 points, what island nation whose largest city is Sydney
Output: Social Science
The Tobin effect shows how this phenomenon encourages investors to place their money in real capital projects. Its built-in form comes from adaptive expectations and is part of Gordons triangle model. Tobin and Mundell showed that real economic effects can occur from expectation of this phenomenon, which can lead to inefficiencies from shoe-leather and menu costs. The existence of this phenomenon prevents a liquidity trap. The Fisher hypothesis argues that the real interest rate is independent of this phenomenon, which is measured by changes in the GDP deflator or CPI. For 10 points, name this phenomenon, coming in cost-push and demand-pull varieties, which causes the consumer price index to rise as money becomes devalued.
Output: Social Science
the hot chocolate effect, this quantity is reduced because of bubble density, which occurs due to the addition of fine powders to liquids. The mass specific total enthalpy in perfect gas compressible flow is equal to a term featuring this quantity squared multiplied by quantity one plus partial derivative of pressure with respect to energy multiplied by M squared, end quantity. For an ideal gas, this is given by the square root of the adiabatic index times pressure divided by density, and it is generally given by the square root of the bulk modulus divided by density. Generally approximated as 331 meters per second in dry air at 0 Celsius, the speed of an object divided by this quantity is known as the Mach number. For 10 points, name this quantity defined as the rate at which waves that transfer noise move through an elastic medium.
Output: Science