niryuu/sni-each-converted huggingface dataset:
The narrator claims that, because the English do not believe in genii like the Muslims do, it's difficult for him to find a way to save this character from Tyburn. He discusses the merits of equality with a Gypsy-king with whom he takes shelter for the night, learns how a gambling problem and the betrayal of Watson lead to the destitution of the Man of the Hill, and gives three guineas to a novice highwayman who fails to rob him. He discovers the highwayman is Mrs. Millers cousin when he arrives in London, where he is nearly executed for stabbing Mr. Fitzpatrick while avoiding the affections of Lady Bellaston. He is also helped by his one-time lover Mrs. Waters, who is briefly thought to be his mother before Squire Allworthy sorts things out. For 10 points, name this foundling created by Henry Fielding.
Output: Literature
Cities in this geographical region include Santa Laura and Maria Helena, and a large source of revenue comes from its Calama basin. Lying mainly between the south bend of the Loa River and the mountains separating the Salado-Copiap drainage basin, this region is under the control of a nation acquired it in the 1883 Treaty of Ancon. Salt flats stretching from the Andean foothills make up a significant portion of this region. Copper mines at Chuquicamata and mineral deposits northwest of Antofagasta containing sodium nitrate have made this area the subject of conflict in the War of the Pacific. For ten points, identify this South American desert, a cool region that defines a border with Peru but is primarily found in Northern Chile.
Output: Social Science
He painted a monastery with a tree on the right side in his circular painting The Charterhouse. He painted a girl in a white dress next to her brother in orange shorts and a black hat in Heneage Lloyd and His Sister, and a less characteristic portrait is that of John Kirby, who is in front of a dark brown background. He shows a man leaning with a long rifle and his wife sitting on a bench in a blue dress next to a plowed field in Robert Andrews and His Wife Frances, though he is better known for a depiction of a young Jonathan Buttall. FTP, name this English portraitist, a rival of Joshua Reynolds who painted The Blue Boy.
Output: Fine Arts
One account of this deity's birth refers to him by the name Zagreus and describes his body being torn to shreds by the Titans. This god convinced Hephaestus to ascend to Mt. Olympus, and he himself replaced Hestia among the Twelve Olympians. In exchange for helping his satyr friend Silenus, this god awarded (*) Midas a single wish. After she was left behind on Naxos by Theseus, this god rescued Ariadne. Zeus saved this god by sewing him into his thigh after his mother Semele was burnt to ashes by seeing Zeus in his full glory. His frenzied female followers are known as Maenads. Also known as Bacchus, for 10 points, name this Greek god of wine.
Output: Social Science
This composer was briefly engaged to the Belgian mezzo-soprano Dsire Artt, to whom he dedicated his Six French Songs. Among his symphonies are his unnumbered Manfred Symphony, one subtitled "Polish," and one whose second movement features a waltz-like melody in five-four time. His Marche Slave shares parts with a composition that is partly scored for cannon fire. He also wrote a ballet that features the "Dance of the Sugarplum Fairy. " For 10 points, name this Russian composer of the Pathtique Symphony, the 1812 Overture, and The Nutcracker.
Output: Fine Arts
some idols of this figure, his head is shown surrounded by a circle of flames. He is shown possessing a drum whose beat provides the rhythm of the universe and one of this god's sons killed the asura Mahisha. This figure is given an epithet that indicates his burning of Kama with the use of his third eye. During the churning of the ocean, this deity swallowed the halahala, which led to his blue throat. In another of his forms, he is shown performing a dance as stands on Maya, the king of the Asuras. This figure is the father of Ganesha, and his consorts include Sati and Parvati. For 10 points, name this destroyer god that makes up the Trimurti with Brahma and Vishnu.
Output: Social Science
Along with Rembrandt's Sea of Galilee, this painting is critiqued in Eric Avery's Haitian Interdiction print. This work's artist never visited the site depicted and gleaned most of the details from the engravings of Peter Canot, including its depiction of Morro Castle at the upper right. The title character, a future Lord Mayor of London, lies below two men in white shirts who reach out toward him. Modern theorists make much of the impassive stance of the African-American man in the center of this work, who limply holds a rope, while his white companion furiously thrusts a spear at one of the denizens of Havana harbor. FTP, identify this painting featuring a boat's crew attempting to rescue the title figure from a bloodthirsty animal, the most famous work of John Singleton Copley.
Output: Fine Arts
One of this author's topical plays involves Trygaeus, who miraculously brings about an end to the Peloponnesian War, and was written days before the Peace of Nicias. In addition to Peace, he wrote several vicious satires of the Athenian statesmen Cleon, and he mocks intellectual traditions of Athens in a play where Strepsiades sends his son to the Thinkery. For 10 points, name this ancient Greek comic playwright of The Wasps, Lysistrata, and The Clouds.
Output: Literature
The end of one of this poet's works includes the exclamation "Cease, gentle muse! " after describing the speaker's reaction to depictions titled Aurora and Damon. Aurora is again mentioned in the last line of this poet's hymn to the title time of day, which occurs before "Night's leaden scepter seals my drowsy eyes. " In addition to the poem composed on seeing the works of Scipio Moorhead and that Hymn to the Evening, this poet suggests students "Improve your privileges while they stay" in an address To the University of Cambridge, in England. This poet wrote the line "Once I redemption neither sought nor knew" for a work that closes with a reminder to her race to "be refin'd" in one work and in another poem she addressed her country's hero "Fam'd for thy valor, for thy virtues more. " For 10 points, name this early American female poet behind To His Excellency General Washington and On Being Brought from Africa to America.
Output: Literature
Peter of Blois claimed that this man's reign was a time of no blessing, and this man waited four years before selecting a successor to Lanfranc. This man sent Edgar Atheling to dethrone Donald Bane. He built a castle in the city of Carlisle, which he captured after forcing King Malcom III to submit to his rule, and he also put down a rebellion by Robert of Mowbray. He pledged to cut taxes in order to stave off an earlier rebellion by Odo of Bayeux and Geoffrey of Contances, which sought to replace this man with his brother Robert Curthose. He confiscated all property belonging to his appointed archbishop St. Anselm, and he was finally killed by Walter Tirel, allowing another brother to take the throne as Henry I. For 10 points, name this second Norman King of England, who shares his name with his father, the Conqueror. 
Output: History
With its HM74A receptor, this compounds inhibits the liploysis of adipose tissue, and it is also used to treat a condition associated with aminoaciduria and cerebellar ataxia, which is commonly known as Hartnup disease. Oral ingestion of it leads to vasodilation caused by the release of prostaglandin, which leads to a flushing response. People whose diets are high in maize and millets tend to suffer from a deficiency of it, as leucine can inhibits is biosynthesis from tryptophan. Its deficiency is commonly associated with dermatitis, dementia, and diarrhea, which are commonly called the "three Ds" and nicotinamide dinucleotide, or NAD, is a derivative of this vitamin. For 10 points, identify this vitamin, whose deficiency causes pellagra.
Output: Science
In the year 2000, Colin Matthews added an eighth movement to this work. Many of its parts were copied out by prisoners-of-war interned at Islington, near the girls school at Hammersmith where the composer was employed. The orchestra plays a pianissimo throughout the final movement, which is subtitled "the mystic," while the previous section, subtitled "the magician," has notable timpani solos. The work was inspired by Clifford Bax, who introduced the composer to astrology, and also includes sections subtitled "the bringer of jollity" and "the winged messenger. "  FTP, name this orchestral suite which has only seven movements, as Pluto had not yet been discovered when it was composed by Gustav Holst.
Output: Fine Arts
He attended the International Labor Organization in Geneva for his country before turning to writing. More recent works include The Crystal Frontier, Voluptuario, and The Orange Tree. His first short story collection, The Masked Days, was followed up by  Constancia and Other Stories for Virgins. He gained little acclaim for his first novel When the Air is Clear, although Philip II's construction of El Escorial was the subject of a more famous work, Terra nostra, and he also wrote a fictionalized account of Ambrose Bierce's last days in The Old Gringo. FTP, name this noted Marxist and author of The Death of Artemio Cruz.
Output: Literature
Juan de Urtubia led the sacking of this city by the Navarrese Company 68 years after it was captured by the Catalan Company following the battle of Halmyros. It is generally assumed that this city gained control of two additional districts in a confederacy following its 427 BCE capture of Plataea. Cassander repaired the damage this city suffered following its unsuccessful revolt against the League of Corinth, which came 3 years after its defeat alongside Athens at Chaeronea. Philip II of Macedon spent time as a captive in this city, giving him an opportunity to study the improved phalanx tactics developed by Epaminondas. FTP name this polis which enjoyed a few decades of hegemony on the strength of its Sacred Band.
Output: History
Comanche and Pawnee are the two National Grasslands in this state, where Gunnison National Forest is located just south of the town of Glenwood Springs. Parks in this state include Great Sand Dunes and the cliff dwellings at Mesa Verde. The United States Air Force Academy is located in this state. Crested Butte, Breckenridge, Aspen, and Winter Park are ski resorts located in this state. It has the highest mean altitude of any state, and its mountains include Mt. Elbert and Pike's Peak. For 10 points, name this "Rocky Mountain"  state with capital at Denver.
Output: Social Science
One of his works shows a giant fish, saber, candle, and large letters spelling out Reading Club. " The set and costume designer of the opera Victory over the Sun, he is best known for works first displayed at the 0.10 exhibition. His painting An Englishman in Moscow is reminiscent of Synthetic Cubism, and he is also known for bright metallic color and cylindrical shapes as seen in The Woodcutter and The Knife-Grinder, though his later preoccupation with abstraction was already evident in Head of a Peasant Girl. That preoccupation would lead him to build structures he called arkhitektonics and assemble collages invaded by blank rectangles of pure color. FTP, name this painter of White on White and Black Square, the founder of Suprematism.
Output: Fine Arts
A scene in this work at the Gate of Wisdom sees a priest convince the protagonist that women have trivial opinions. In one of its scenes, a character falsely claims that he rescued the protagonist from a snake, after which three women hand the liar a rock and padlock his mouth shut. This opera features the famous Tremble not, my dear son aria, and its incredibly demanding aria Der Hoelle Rache requires a range up to F6 for its soprano role. A man dressed in birds feathers in this opera is Papageno, who is a servant of the villain. The plot of this opera centers on the love of Tamino for the maid Pamina, and the attempts to thwart the relationship by the Queen of the Night. For 10 points, name this work that features an instrument which can change mens hearts, an opera by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.
Output: Fine Arts
Vivaldi wrote 37 concertos for this instrument; the most famous of which is probably La Notte.
Output: Fine Arts
One of his forms is a union of himself and his consort in one body known as Ardhanarisvara, while other manifestations include Dakshinamurthi and Nataraja, the cosmic dancer. The Ganges flows through his hair, breaking its fall to the earth. He has imparted his immense knowledge of the arts to his sacred mount Nandi, which always appears opposite the main sanctuary of his temples. In private shrines he is generally worshipped in the form of the lingam, a phallus that is fixed upon a pedestal. The father of Skandi and Ganesh, FTP, who is this god of the Hindu trinity, known as the Destroyer
Output: Social Science
One participant in this conflict gained fame for defeating Sam Dale in a fistfight that took place on a single canoe. This conflict was started over responses to programs instituted by Benjamin Hawkins. A force under Peter McQueen made up one side of this conflict's Battle of Burnt Corn, while the incident that led to this war was orchestrated by William Weatherford. This conflict ended with the Treaty of Fort Jackson and started with the Fort Mims Massacre perpetuated by the Red Sticks. For ten points, name this conflict in Alabama where Andrew Jackson defeated a namesake Indian tribe.
Output: History
"Calculus racked" and "Tussis attacked" the subject of this author's poem "A Grammarian's Funeral. " The subject of one of his poems refers to "a great text in Galatians" which "entails / Twenty-nine distinct damnations" as he condemns the indulgences of Brother Lawrence, while another of his poems begins by exclaiming "Grow old along with me! / The best is yet to be. " This author of "Soliloquy of the Spanish Cloister" and "Rabbi Ben Ezra" and the collection Dramatis Personae wrote of someone who "found a thing to do" in strangling the title character with her own hair. His best-known poem reflects on a man with a "nine-hundred-years-old name" who is proud of a statue of "Neptune... taming a sea-horse" by Claus of Innsbruck. FTP, name this poet of "Porphyria's Lover" and "My Last Duchess. " 
Output: Literature
In one work by this artist, the heads of a wolf, a lion, and a dog are contrasted with three human heads of varying ages, while in a work set in a pastoral scene, Christ leans away as a Mary Magdalene dressed in red reaches out to him. In addition to An Allegory of Prudence and Noli Me Tangere, his Concert Champetre, which inspired Manet's Luncheon on the Grass, was once attributed to his teacher, Giorgione. In one painting, Cupid dips his hand in a sarcophagus on which a clothed and a nude form of the contrasting title figures are seated, while another painting shows a reclining nude on whose bed lies a sleeping dog. For 10 points, identify this artist who painted Sacred and Profane Love and Venus of Urbino.
Output: Fine Arts
By the equivalence principle, a homogenous gravitational field is equivalent to this quantity. The time derivative of this quantity is jerk. In the kinematic equation for position as a function of time, this quantity is the coefficient of the time-squared term, because it is the (*) second derivative of position. By Newton's Second Law, it is equal to force over mass. For 10 points, name this quantity that is the ""a"" in ""F equals m a. ""
Output: Science
This ruler employed the generals Mazares and Harpagus, who were sent to attack Asia Minor, as well as Gubaru, who worked in Mesopotamia. According to one story, this ruler won a battle by placing camels at the front of his army, whose smell distracted his opponent's horses. That was the Battle of Thymbra. This man won the Battle of Opis by (*) diverting a river so that his men could cross it. Rulers defeated by this man included Croesus of Lydia and Nabonius of Chaldea. This man appears in the Hebrew Bible where he brings an end to the Babylonian Captivity and he was succeeded by his son Cambyses II. For ten points, name this founder of the Achaemenid dynasty, the first ruler of the Persian Empire.
Output: History
The author's introduction contains the ominous statement that the reader may be so corrupted by its contents that he risks sending his soul to Hell, a warning later quoted by T.S. Eliot in the Waste Land. After the publication of its second edition, the French Minister of Justice confiscated this book, because it contained poems, such as the "Litanies of Satan," that the government considered blasphemous and obscene. FTP, name this collection of poems by Charles Baudelaire.
Output: Literature
This work opens with one woman meeting a coal miner at a Christmas dance, leading to their marriage, but she is unable to obtain her material necessities from his drunken state. While Annie and Arthur are able to carry on without her attention, that character's third oldest child, the protagonist of this work, eventually wins four prizes in local exhibits for his painting. However, his relationship with the wife of Baxter Dawes ends when he sees that character hospitalized with typhoid fever. He reconciles Clara with her husband, soon after which he gives a morphine overdose to his cancer-stricken mother Gertrude, whom he cannot bear to leave. Paul Morel leaves Miriam Leivers at the end of, FTP, which novel by D. H. Lawrence
Output: Literature
He started out in his family's stone-carving business before coming to work with Bruno Paul and then Peter Behrens before opening his own firm. His work in Europe included the Tugendhat House in the Czech Republic as well as the Weissenhof apartments and Berlin's New National Gallery. He went on to design the German Pavillion at the Barcelona exposition during his time as director of the Bauhaus. FTP, name this designer of the Seagram Building, an architect whose motto was "Less is More. "
Output: Fine Arts
Its existence was first confirmed by neutron diffraction experiments conducted by Clifford Shull on a sample of manganese oxide. In a sample exhibiting this characteristic, the magnetic moments align in a regular pattern with neighboring moments pointing in opposite directions, resulting in a net magnetization of zero. At certain temperatures, these materials become disordered and begin to exhibit paramagnetic properties, a point which is known as the Nel point, and which is similar to the Curie point. FTP, identify this type of magnetism which is the opposite of ferromagnetism.
Output: Science
One of this deity's sons brought Etain to Midir out of gratitude, and fell in love with a woman in the form of a swan, Cer Ibormeith. This god killed Cridenbel by giving him food containing three gold coins, and assured his side's victory over the Fomorians in the Second Battle of Magh Turedh by sleeping with the Morrigan. This son of Danu and father of Angus mac Og owned a club which could kill nine men on one side and revive them with the other, a harp he used to control the seasons, and a magical cauldron that never ran out of food. FTP, identify this Celtic god of the earth, the leader of the Tuatha de Danann, whose name means "the good god. "
Output: Social Science
One of his paintings appears to show a young boy looking at the viewer, holding up the decapitated head of a deer by its antlers. In addition to Putto with Hunting Trophy, this artist painted a now-lost Madonna of Albinea. He was commissioned by the abbess Giovanna Piacenza to paint numerous frescoes for a chamber in her convent, and he painted a fresco depicting a scene from the Book of Revelation on the ceiling of the San Giovanni Evangelista. In addition to painting works in the previously mentioned convent of San Paolo, this artist created a fresco of the Assumption of the Virgin on the ceiling of the dome of the Cathedral of Parma, as well as a series of four paintings depicting scenes from Ovid's Metamorphoses, such as the Abduction of Ganymede and Danae. For ten points, name this artist of the Loves of Jupiter series.
Output: Fine Arts
This nation's largest city contains the Malecon 2000, and its capital was founded as a colony at Cuenca. Attractions in this nation include the Mitad del Mundo and the open-air markets at Otavalo. This nation contains the Avenue of the Volcanos, and its highest peak is the furthest from the center of the earth. An 1822 meeting between Jose de San Martin and Simon Bolivar took place in its largest city. It contains the peaks of Chimborazo and Cotopaxi, and this nation owns an archipelago that contains the islands of Isabella and Santa Cruz and the Charles Darwin Research Station. For 10 points, name this South American nation containing the Galapagos Islands, whose cities include Guayaquil and Quito.
Output: Social Science
This structure was transplanted by Robert Briggs and Thomas King into a frog cell. The dye DAPI is used to stain this structure, which contains Cajal [kah-HAHL] bodies. Importins and exportins move molecules into and out of this structure, respectively. Intermediate filaments known as lamins line the inner surface of this structure, which is surrounded by a double membrane. One of its substructures includes a granular component and is a site of ribosome production. For 10 points, name this structure that contains DNA organized into chromosomes.
Output: Science
In the aftermath of this conflict, Isokyro was burned to the ground. An early treaty in this war saw one side agree not to intervene and cede territory to Holstein-Gottorp, the Peace of Travendal. One side in this conflict scored its first ever naval victory at Gangut, while a land victory for the opposing side saw Charles Eugene de Croy defeated by a force one fourth the size of his. Carl Gustav Rehnskiold commanded for one side in the bloodiest battle of this war, Poltava. FTP, name this war during the time of Charles XII and Peter the Great, which saw the downfall of the empire of Sweden.
Output: History
Iconography was a series of portraits that was posthumously completed based on his preliminary sketches. His painting career began in the workshop of Hendrick van Balen in his native Antwerp. Soon after graduating his apprenticeship, he traveled to Genoa, where he did a series of famous Baroque portraits of the Genoese aristocracy. His most influential teacher was Peter Paul Rubens, with whom he studied for two years before settling in London in 1632. FTP, name this Flemish painter, whose masterpiece is a portrait of his patron entitled Charles I in Hunting Dress.
Output: Fine Arts
With his twin brother, this figure stole bones from the underworld and used them to create humans. A rival of this deity is (*) Tezcatlipoca (TETZ-cat-lee-POKE-uh), and the arrival of a certain conquistador was mistaken as the return of this figure. Confused by the natives with Hernan Cortes, for 10 points, identify this Aztec god, a feathered serpent.
Output: Social Science
A popular concerto for this instrument in B minor was written by Antonin Dvorak. Five of these instruments play at the beginning of the William Tell Overture. Performers who played this instrument include Mstislav Rostropovich and Pablo Casals. A piano trio usually consists of a piano, violin, and this instrument. J.S. Bach wrote six suites for an unaccompanied one of this instrument. Like with the larger double bass, music for this instrument is written in bass and tenor clef. For 10 points, name this large string instrument played by Yo-Yo Ma.
Output: Fine Arts
A story about this war featured a "messenger from God" praying for enemy soldiers to be torn "to bloody sheds" and is titled "The War Prayer." Before war was declared, Vermont Senator Redfield Proctor declared his travels had shown him "the worst misgovernment" and "barbarity" he had seen. A cartoon mocking it featured two men pushing blocks labeled "War" while wearing the smocks of the Yellow Kid. Prior to this war, (*) newspapers labeled Valeriano Weyler the "Butcher," and the Teller Amendment promised the U.S. would not annex land. Called "a splendid little war" by John Hay, its decisive battle was won by George Dewey at Manila Bay. For 10 points, name this 1898 war sparked by the explosion of the Maine, in which Teddy Roosevelt's Rough Riders won the Battle of San Juan Hill.
Output: History
This state is home to the Roaring Fork River, which flows past the town of Woody Creek, where Hunter S. Thompson painted a large middle finger on the roof of a barn to greet air travelers arriving at nearby Aspen. National parks in this state include Great Sand Dunes and the Anasazi site at Mesa Verde, and suburbs of this state's capital include Cherry Creek and Aurora. this state features a large university in its city of Boulder, a city located along the Front Range, a major mountain range in this state. For 10 points, name this state home to a large portion of the Rocky Mountains, with capital at Denver.
Output: Social Science
The subject of one poem by this author may be "a mouthpiece of the dead" and the narrator no longer listens "for the scrape of a keel/On the blank stones of the landing". In another work of this poet, her skin was "bright as a Nazi lampshade", and in another, certain flowers "talk to the redness of my wound" and "eat my oxygen". This writer also created a character that like her, attempted to kill herself by swallowing a bunch of sleeping pills under a house, although unlike Esther Greenwood, she succeeded. For 10 points, name this confessional poet of "The Colossus", "Lady Lazarus", and "Tulips", and the author of The Bell Jar.
Output: Literature
The Wushe incident here saw the Seediq people led by Mona Rudao massacre a bunch of Japanese civilians in the namesake village. The Seventh Fleet has been dispatched twice to defend against potential attack on this location, which was threatened when Quemoy was shelled. This polity contained Fort Zeelandia, which was captured by the Tungning Kingdom under Koxinga. The shooting death of a cigarette merchant in this country triggered its repressive White Terror following 2-28 incident. This country controls Kinmen, Matsu, and the Pescadores, and held its first democratic elections in 1996, when it elected Lee Teng-Hui president. Its largest city was declared the "wartime capital" by a man who fled here with the Kuomintang after losing to Communists. For 10 points, Chaing Kai-Shek Memorial Hall can be found island nation's capital of Taipei
Output: History
One way of calculating this quantity compares it to a standard of this value which can be calculated by the Edlen equation and involves finding the angle of minimum deviation. This quantity is modeled by the sum of a constant term and a term inversely proportional to wavelength squared in the (*) Cauchy equation, which is generalized to a three-term expansion by the Sellmeier equation. This quantity is related to polarizability by the LorentzLorenz equation, and it equals the square root of the product of relative permeability and permittivity. The Fresnel equations describe light moving between media with different values for this quantity, which is one for a vacuum. For 10 points, name this quantity which appears in Snell's law, the ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to that in a medium.
Output: Science
The Shklovskii effect is a quadratic variant of this, and it produces a Gaussian spectral line profile through thermal broadening. The Ives-Stilwell experiment showed that the relativistic formula for this effect was correct, rather than the classical formula. Hasselkamp, Mondry, and Scharmann's 1979 experiment was the first to directly test the transverse version of this effect, which classical predictions say should not exist. First analyzed by Buys Ballot in the realm of the pitch of sound, FTP name this effect whose strength depends on the relative velocity between source and receiver, a namesake shift in the frequency of a wave as the source moves relative to the observer.
Output: Science
A mezzotint by Valentine Greene depicting the event showed in this painting is currently housed in the New Brunswick museum. The Morro Castle can be seen in the background of this painting. The far left edge of this painting shows a red flag unfurled, while the other three flags visible are all white. One figure with his back to the viewer wears a red scarf while a more visibly concerned man facing him wears a green scarf. Another figure is visible between the legs of a man wearing white who has raised one buckled foot in order to brace himself to strike down with a pike. Depicting an event that took place in the Havana harbor, the bottom edge of the painting obscures the right foot of one title figure; along with a bit of blood, this is the only visible damage done by the other title fish. For 10 points, identify this painting depicting a row boat attempting to rescue a youth under attack in this John Singleton Copley painting.
Output: Fine Arts
In the Elsner reaction, this element forms a coordination complex with cyanides. Relativistic contraction of this metal's outermost s orbital allows it to dimerize, leading to the strongest form of metallophilicity. Among metals, this element has the highest electronegativity and electron affinity, and it has the uncharacteristic oxidation states of +1 and +3. A mixture of nitric and (*) hydrochloric acid dissolves both platinum and this element. A ring of zinc sulfide surrounded a sheet of this element which deflected alpha particles, in the experiment where Rutherford proved the existence of the nucleus. For 10 points, name this noble metal located below silver on the Periodic Table, which has symbol Au.
Output: Science
This author wrote a work in which Pollo Phoibe and Celstina fall in love after discussing the construction of the El Escorial, and wrote another work in which Felipe Montero dreams of eloping with Consuelo's 109-year-old niece. In addition to Terra Nostra and Aura, this author wrote a more recognized work that describes (*) Harriet Winslow, the General, and the title character in love triangle. In his most famous work, a corrupt politician has an affair with Laura and desires to inherit Don Gamaliel's fortune, while the title event occurs after his traveling to Hermosillo. For ten points, name this Mexican author who fictionalized the last days of Ambrose Bierce in The Old Gringo and wrote The Death of Artemio Cruz.
Output: Literature
The layout of this painting mirrors the plan for St. Peter's Basilica. In the center of this painting, a man wearing a purple shirt slumps against a box, scribbling on a sheet of paper at the bottom of some stairs. To the right of him, a man dressed in blue reclines on the stairs while reading a sheet of paper in his hand. On the left side of this painting, a small crowd gathers around (*) Pythagoras as he writes in a large book while kneeling. To the right, a small crowd watches as Euclid bends down and draws on a small tablet on the floor. For ten points, name this painting by Raphael depicting Plato and Aristotle walking together through the title building.
Output: Fine Arts
U. S. state passed the Fernald Law, making it illegal to export hydroelectric power out of state. In the 1920s, it was led by Governor Owen Brewster, who succeeded Percival Baxter with the backing of the Ku Klux Klan. Two million acres of its land was known as the Bingham Purchase, for William Bingham, and its native sons include Treasury Secretary William Pitt Fessenden. The June Riot was an uprising against a mayor in this state, the future presidential candidate Neal Dow, who sponsored an 1851law named for this state which banned sale or manufacture of alcohol. Also the birthplace of House Speaker Thomas "Czar" Reed, a noted Senator from this state opposed McCarthyism with her "Declaration of Conscience" speech  that was Margaret Chase Smith. Also the home state of a man exposed by the Mulligan Letters, FTP, name this birthplace of a certain "continental liar," James Blaine, whose boundaries were disputed during the Aroostook War.
Output: History
In one painting with this name, a man in red with his hand extended behind his back heads toward the main figure, who is collapsed on the ground; that painting is by James Barry. On the left side of this painting, a red-clad runner approaches the scene waving his hat in his left hand and holding a flag in his right. The two rightmost people in this painting both look at the title figure with their hands (*) clasped. The figures in this painting are depicted wearing contemporary clothing, despite Joshua Reynolds' insistence that the artist dress them in classical clothing. A native American in a pose similar to The Thinker is looking at the title figure of this painting. For 10 points, name this painting of the final moments of a British general by Benjamin West.
Output: Fine Arts
During the reign of one of this politys kings, the royal cult of Zomadonou was consecrated; that king, Tegbessou, also mutilated the corpses of the Zou people he defeated. Another king, Adandozan, was overthrown by his brother Gezo, who was succeeded by his son Glele. One reform introduced by its third king was a ruling regnum formed by the king and the kpojito, or wife of the leopard, a common woman. That king negotiated a tribute paid by this polity to the kingdom of Oyo and conquered such nearby states as Whydah, Alladah, and Savi. During his conquest of Savi, this kingdoms namesake Amazons were first deployed. FTP, identify this West African Fon kingdom which had its capital at Agbome, and which became the modern state of Benin.
Output: History
This artist's output began to decline during his Lake Millinocket period, though his success began early with works like Hooker Journeying from Plymouth to Hartford. His travels took him to Jamaica, which inspired his The Vale of St. Thomas, and to Labrador, the subject of his seascape Icebergs. Several of his luminist works, like Sunset, Hudson Valley are based on the view from his estate Olana, but he is better known for an 1853 trip to New Granada with Cyrus Field which brought about river scenes like La Magdalena and The Falls of Tequendama. FTP, name this painter of the Hudson River School famous for landscapes like Niagara and Heart of the Andes.
Output: Fine Arts
He was born in Prague, and studied at the universities of Berlin, Prague, and Wurzburg, where he received his doctorate in 1904. He fled Germany when the Nazis came to power and taught at the New School for Social Research until his death in 1943, but before that he performed experiments, while a professor at Frankfurt and Berlin, which introduced the new macroscopic approach to studying psychological problems. FTP, name this German psychologist, whose discovery of the phi phenomenon can be seen in Christmas lights everywhere and whose studies, along with those of Kurt Koffka and Wolfgang Kohler, paved the way for the Gestalt school.
Output: Social Science
Mssbauer spectroscopy involves the observation of phenomena including isomer shifts and this. An equation describing it contains an electron spin g-factor of approximately two. It was first observed by its namesake in the D lines of sodium and its anomalous variety occurs when electron spin contributes to this phenomenon. A potential energy associated with it is proportional to the Bohr magneton, the Lande g-factor, and the z component of the total momentum. This is the magnetic analog to the Stark effect, and in strong fields it becomes the Paschen-Back effect. The inverse type of it considers absorption lines as opposed to spectral lines. For 10 points, name this splitting of spectral lines in a magnetic field.
Output: Science
He's not Giuseppe Verdi, but this composer used a Friedrich Schiller play for the basis for his opera about Joan of Arc, The Maid of Orleans. He wrote his own libretto for his opera about the guardsman of Ivan the Terrible, The Oprichnik. Tatyana does not return the title character's love in his (*) Eugene Onegin, while another of his operas ends with Hermann killing himself after seeing the titular card. For 10 points, name this Russian composer of The Queen of Spades who also composed the 1812 Overture.
Output: Fine Arts
According to one text, this god's son is Loridi and his teacher was Loricus, whom this god slew at the age of twelve, while a different text claims that this god was raised by Hlora and Vingnir. This god rescued Aurvandil the Bold, the husband of the sorceress Groa, causing part of a shield to be stuck in his head, and one Poetic Edda consists entirely of this god arguing with the ferryman Harbath. This father of Thurd has the servant Thalfi, and he caused the deaths of Alviss and Hrungnir. The Grimnismol states that the best of halls is this god's hall of Bilskirnir, from which he can be pulled by two goats on his chariot. For ten points, name this husband of Sif and serial slayer of giants, the Norse god of thunder.
Output: Social Science
He painted Guillaime Apollinaire as a red-jumpsuited strongman and himself as a harlequin in his Family of Saltinbanques. Featureless black figures comprise his Don Quixote, while another of his works depicts a mother crying over her dead child on the left while a disfigured horse dominates the center. Parisian prostitutes in (*) African masks appear in this artist's Demoiselles (deh-mwah-ZELZ) d'Avignon. For 10 points, name this painter whose Blue Period works preceded his co-founding of Cubism and creation of 1937's Guernica.
Output: Fine Arts
In this state, William Loring shouted "Great God! Do I command cowards" after soldiers withdrew in response to John Adams foolishly charging earthworks and getting killed. Soldiers in this state sang "so now we're going to leave you; our hearts are full of woe" in a parody of "The Yellow Rose of Texas." A general named States Rights Gist died at another battle in this state, whose losers crossed the Duck River and engaged in a skirmish at the Battle of Columbia. After the failure of a campaign in this state, the pursuing Union army was turned back at the Battle of Anthony's Hill by Nathan Bedford Forrest. That campaign's fate was sealed when John Schofield slipped behind Confederate lines at the Battle of Spring Hill in this state. George Thomas fought a campaign in this state contemporaneous with the beginning of William Sherman's March to the Sea. For 10 points, what state's namesake 1864 campaign saw John Bell Hood drag an army from Franklin to Nashville
Output: History
One line in this poem notes that "the Queen Moon sits on her throne. " The speaker of this poem speaks of his desire of a "Provencal vintage" that would turn his mouth purple, and later draws a parallel to Ruth, who "stood in tears among alien corn. " Another moment in this poem occurs when the speaker hears the word "forlorn", which he says is "like a bell to toll me back from thee. " The speaker says that he "had been half in love with easeful death" and notes to the subject that "to thy high requiem I am become a sod. " In the last stanza of this poem, the speaker wonders "was it a vision, or a waking dream" and "do I wake or sleep" For ten points, identify this poem which describes the feelings brought on by the title bird, an Ode by John Keats.
Output: Literature
Pope Martin V named him the head of the Order of Christ, which became the primary source of funding for his ventures. Made Duke of Viseau by his father, he played a large part in the capture of Ceuta which he briefly governed. He showed poor leadership in a campaign against Tangier where he was forced to leave his brother Fernao as hostage. However he had success with Gil Eanes's rounding of Cape Bojador and the organization of voyages to Cape Verde through his school at Sagres. FTP, name this Portguese prince remembered as a patron of explorers.
Output: History
Alexandre Dumas wrote that this painting's creator worked out of sentimentality rather than any sense of patriotism. Towards the right of the canvas a city can be seen in the foggy background. The soldier on the left wears his hat askew and bears a sabre, while the boy on the far right charges forward bearing two pistols. The man in the top hat with the musket is supposedly the artist himself and stands to the left of the central figure, who stands bare-breasted and holds a musket in one hand and the French tri-color in the other. FTP, identify this 1830 painting, the most famous work of Eugene Delacroix.
Output: Fine Arts
The amount of error created by applying this theorem to intermediate values is the subject of the\n Berry-Esseen theorem. The Cramer-Wold theorem can be used to generalize this in a multivariate manner.\n The de Moivre-Laplace theorem is a special case of this. One statement of this is named for Feller and\n Lindeberg and this is true when Lyapunov's condition holds. A rule of thumb resulting from this is that one\n should have a minimum of 30 in a sample when the population is non-Gaussian. When sampling, this\n theorem implies a distribution with standard deviation sigma over square root n. For 10 points, name this\n theorem that implies as sample sizes get larger, the distribution of sample means approaches a normal\n distribution.
Output: Science
One play by this author centers on the singer of the hit song "That's All Right," Floyd Barton. Another of this author's characters brings Martha and Zonia together by singing a Binding Song. That character appears in a play whose name derives from the refrain of a blues song, Joe Turner's Come and Gone. A blues singer refuses to perform Levee's version of the titular song in his play Ma Rainey's Black Bottom, and Berniece refuses to let Boy Willie sell the titular instrument in another play. For 10 points, name this playwright who included The Piano Lesson as well as a play about the garbage collector Troy Maxson, Fences, in his Pittsburgh Cycle.
Output: Literature
This composer's Piano Trio in E was inspired by the death of his daughter, and Arnold Schoenberg claimed that this man's Second String Quartet "opened the world to him". The only symphony by this composer was written for the wedding of Franz Josef, and that work makes prominent use of the Austrian national anthem. In addition to the Triumph Symphony, this composer wrote a work whose second movement polka is a recollection of youth, and that piece ends with a coda whose high ringing E indicating this composer's oncoming deafness. For 10 points, name this composer of string quartet no. 1, From My Life, who depicted Tabor, Blanik, and several other Czech landmarks such as the Moldau River in his Ma Vlast.
Output: Fine Arts
Phenothiazines such as chlorpromazine work by blocking receptors for this molecule, which is transported to its primary location in the tuberoinfundibular pathway. Monoamine oxidase and catechol-o-methyl transferase break down this chemical, a process enhanced by the drug reserpine. A catecholamine produced in the substantia nigra and released from the hypothalamus, this compound inhibits the release of prolactin in the pituitary gland, among other functions. Derived from tyrosine and a precursor to adrenaline, disorders that result from a deficiency in this molecule include ADHD and Parkinson's disease. For 10 points, name this inhibitory neurotransmitter implicated in arousal and addiction and supposedly central to pleasure and reward.
Output: Science
This philosopher completed his doctorate at Harvard in 1932, becoming a full professor there in 1948. His argument that experience counts for or against our entire body of beliefs in a holistic manner, and that little that is systematic can be said about the meanings of particular sentences, was expounded in 1953's "Two Dogmas of Empiricism. "  This lead to his most famous doctrine, the indeterminacy of translation, which holds that there are no objective facts about which words and sentences have the same meanings, put forth in 1960's Word and Object. For 10 points, who is this most influential post-World War II American philosopher, author of Pursuit of Truth and The Roots of Reference
Output: Social Science
Fred Hampton and Mark Clark were two Black Panthers shot to death in this city while they were asleep. Anthony Abbate (read: A BODY) violently beat the bartender Karolina Obrycka in this city after she refused to continue serving him. Jon Burge was convicted of perjury in this city in 2010, which he committed in the course of civil suits against him for the torture he ordered as Commander of the Area 2 violent crimes unit in the 1980s. In 1886, seven anarchists were sentenced to death in this city following an incident when a pipe bomb explosion caused a line of policemen to fire into a crowd of striking workers in Haymarket Square in this city. For ten points, what is this city notorious for police violence, particularly the violence ordered by Mayor Richard J. Daley during the 1968 Democratic National Convention
Output: History
In one of this composer's symphonies all the instruments except the percussion and the piano drop out during a scherzo part called "the Masque" found in the second movement, which begins with a section called "The Dirge. " He included movements titled "Agathon," "Phaedrus: Pausanias," and "Socrates" in a work written for solo violin, strings, harp, and percussion titled Serenade after Plato's Symposium. His second symphony's first movement features fourteen variations divided into two parts called "The Seven Ages" and "The Seven Stages," while his first symphony begins with the "Amidah" theme in the first movement titled "Prophecy" followed by sections called "Profanation" and "Lamentation. " This composer's third symphony features a speaker who wakes up a sleeping God from his nave dream of human happiness, and that symphony is dedicated to the memory of John F. Kennedy. For 10 points, name this American composer who wrote the Jeremiah Symphony and the Kaddish Symphony in addition to writing the music for West Side Story.
Output: Fine Arts
The definition of the acentric factor includes the negative log of the reduced form of this quantity, when the reduced temperature is 0.7. A pure liquid's fugacity is approximated as the product of the fugacity coefficient, the Poynting factor, and this quantity. This quantity is not unitless, but it is smaller for the heavy key component during separations. The logarithm of this quantity varies linearly with one over temperature by (*) Antoine's equation. At high concentrations, a component's partial pressure equals its mole fraction times this quantity according to Raoult's Law. It equals atmospheric pressure at the boiling point. For 10 points, name this quantity, the pressure of gas above a solution.
Output: Science
She declares that so many stones have been thrown at her that she is no longer frightened of them in her poem "Solitude" which is collected in White Flock. This author claims My heart will never forget the one/ Who gave her life for a single glance" in her poem "Lot's Wife. " In one poem, this writer mentions the unlocked door, the unlit candle, and the unused bed, while in another, she tells the reader Youre alone with the man you love. Besides "White Night" and "In the Evening," she wrote of the love affair of a young officer named Vasevolod Knyazev and a beautiful dancer named Olga Glebova-Sudeikina in the exordium of another work. For 10 points, name this author of Requiem and "Poem Without a Hero. "
Output: Literature
Even though the voting in this nation occurred on March 29, the results have still not been provided, especially since a High Court hearing has officially requested a recount in a number of provinces. The election has been fraught with bad news for the incumbent, with a split ruling party divided through the rise of Simba Makoni and the rise in inflation far above 1,000%. Thus, Morgan Tsvangirais MDC party has been widely declared the winners both in the parliamentary and presidential struggle. FTP; name this nation who may soon see the unseating of their current ruler, Robert Mugabe.
Output: History
Shortly before his death this artist began The Cross of the World, a series of paintings on a religious theme. One of his most famous works was based on the Count de Volney's Ruines and was painted while he was living with Henry Greenough in Florence. In The Voyage of Life he depicts the progression of a young man from birth to old age, while the stages of a society is seen in "The Course of Empire". For 10 points, name this painter of the Hudson River School best remembered for The Ox-Bow.
Output: Fine Arts