niryuu/sni-each-converted huggingface dataset:
He portrayed a baby standing upright in the mother's womb as she hushes another figure in The Maternity. A soldier points at a cup with his left index finger and points out a window with his right thumb in another work, and a two-faced man is seen in Paris Through The Window. His stained-glass works such as The Tribe of Levi can be found in the Hebrew University Medical Center in Jerusalem, while other well known works include a Self-Portrait With Seven Fingers and several set in his hometown of Vitebsk. For 10 points, identify this artist of The White Crucifixion and The Green Violinist who is showed a large goat and a green-faced man in I and the Village.
Output: Fine Arts
This can be calculated with the Gibbs-Thompson or Young-Laplace equation, given the mean curvature of an interface. This quantity is related to the density change between liquid and vapor phases by the MacLeod Equation and it can be measured with a stalagmometer by the drop-weight method. Decreasing with increasing temperature, it is high in molecules exhibiting hydrogen bonding. Represented by gamma, FTP, identify this chemical concept, the cohesive force that must be overcome for a liquid drop to spread.
Output: Science
In a fetus, ghrelin is produced more in this organ than in the stomach, which is reversed in full-grown organisms. One bulge on this organ's surface is called the omental tuber, while some people have a second duct in this organ, known as the duct of Santorini. A lack of this organ's namesake polypeptide is linked to obesity in rats. This organ produces trypsinogen, the zymogen form of trypsin. One type of cell in this organ is stimulated by cholecystokinin and secretin. This organ's duct of Wirsung meets the bile duct at the ampulla of Vater, and transports enzymes produced by its acinar cells to the duodenum. For 10 points, name this organ whose islets of Langerhans secrete glucagon and insulin.
Output: Science
A mailboat arrives carrying the message of the title figures that everyone must die. The trouble is first noticed when the physiologist Dr. Gall begins to notice different grades of intelligence, pain, and heart flutters in his subjects. This play begins with a visit from the President of the Humanitarian League, Helena Glory, who later burns the formula for the central creations manufactured by Harry Domin's factory. In the end only Alquist is spared and he discovers a growing love between a copy of Helena and Primus. FTP, identify this drama about renegade robots by Karel Capek.
Output: Literature
Kleppner and Ramsey used a similar apparatus as this experiment to achieve population inversion in MASERS, and similar results were determined for ground-state hydrogen by Phipps and Taylor five years after this experiment. The phenomenon observed was due to torque effects causing precession in (*) dipoles which produced two spots on a photographic plate, rather than the classically predicted spread. The apparatus in this experiment consisted of a furnace of boiling silver, from which atoms were directed through a magnetic field before the silver beam split in two. FTP, identify this experiment conducted by and named for two Germans, in which the quantization of electron spin was confirmed.
Output: Science
Children of this god include Enbilulu, the lord of canals, and Ninazu, the lord of healing, and this god's wife bears the epithet "Lady of the Air". This god raped that wife to produce his first-born child, Sin the moon god. After this god was banished to the underworld he fathered Nergal. According to the legends of Nippur, where this god had a sacred gate, this god's servant was the son of Siris; that servant, the winged demon Anzu, is slain by this god's son, the heroic Ninurta, after stealing the Tablets of Destiny from this god. For ten points, name this Mesopotamian god of winds and lord of storms.
Output: Social Science
This artist depicted some people walking between sand dunes in the background as a woman holds a\n black lamb and a basket beneath the title sculpture of one painting. His forays into pottery include the Jug\n Self-portrait, which was a reaction to his relationship with a fellow artist. He painted a group of\n church-going women dressed in black and white who see the scene of an angel wrestling Jacob in his \nVision After the Sermon. This artist of The Green Christ painted a young man reaching upwards for fruit in\n the center of a work which also depicts a blue idol. For 10 points, name this artist whose travels in Tahiti\n inspired Where do we come from What are we Where are we going
Output: Fine Arts
One quantity characterizing this process is proportional to temperature to the 3/2 power divided by a "collision integral" according to Chapman-Enskog theory. In a plasma, the presence of an electric field between ions and electrons causes them to experience this process at equal rates in an ambipolar form of this process. The previous quantity characterizing this process is proportional to the product of the mean free path and the mean velocity and it is equal to the square of the (*) step size divided by the time between steps when using a random walk to model this process. The flux of this process is equal to minus the product of a namesake coefficient and the concentration gradient by Fick's 1st law. For 10 points, name this process exemplified by osmosis where molecules move from regions of high to low concentration.
Output: Science
Near its end, the main characters follow the sound of a fire alarm to a warehouse being used as a makeshift movie theater and help rescue a mutual acquaintance. At one point in this novel, a character tells an anecdote about a former co-worker who was given a restaurant as a gift but lost it during romantic intrigue, then says that no one who does not have her job can understand the meaning of regular inspections for disease. The main character learns that a sick man he had recently encountered on a train was the former fianc of his own lover, and receives an offer from the kitchen laborer Yoko, who wants to work as a maid with benefits. A resort employee, Komako, has an affair with Shimamura in, for 10 points, what story about three visits to a geisha, a novel by Yasunari Kawabata
Output: Literature
His large altarpiece at St. Peter's, the Martyrdom of St. Erasmus, was a critical failure, but he recouped respect with works like the "7 Sacraments" series for Cassiano Pozzo. His first works were copies of Raphael, and differed distinctly from mature pieces like Death of Meleager and Death of Germanicus. Early commissions, including a set of illustrations of Ovid's Metamorphoses, were made in his adopted country. And though he worked almost entirely in Rome, he briefly returned to his native land in 1641 when Louis XIII asked him to decorate the Great Gallery of the Louvre. Landscapes like Landscape with Polyphemus are typical of, for 10 points, what baroque French artist of The Arcadian Shepherds and Holy Family on the Steps
Output: Fine Arts
One of this figure's grandsons, Cleitus, was abducted by Eos; another, Oicles, died while helping Heracles fight Laomedon. Those grandsons were fathered by this man's son Mantius, and this man's own father was Amythaon. This man helped his brother marry the daughter of Neleus, who stated that only someone who could steal the cattle of Phylacos could marry Pero. That brother, Bias, later fathered Talaus. This man once escaped a prison after correctly predicting that the ceiling above his cell would collapse. He eventually gained one third of the Kingdom of Argos by curing the impotence of Prince Iphiclus after learning that a knife Iphiclus had thrown had pissed off a hamadryad. For 10 points, name this man who gained insight from termites and vultures after saving the life of two snakes, a prophet from Greek myth who could communicate with animals.
Output: Social Science
Its fifth movement uses a double-bass to play the melody of a waltz, while its eighth uses ill-tuned violin shrieks to depict Persons With Long Ears, and its eleventh uses badly-played scales to depict Pianists. Following the cello melody of the thirteenth movement, its finale turns into a playful dance after recapping the piano tremolo of its opening, The Introduction and Royal March of the Lion. For 10 points, name this work whose sections include Fossils, The Aquarium, and The Swan, by Camille Saint-Saens.
Output: Fine Arts
Believed to be the source for the Cambodian god Preas Prohm, this god once had his beard turned red by the powerful weapon of Jalamdhara and gave qualified immortality to Taraka. He was charmed by an arrow into screwing his daughter immediately after the birth of Kama. The temple at Pushkar is one of the few dedicated to this god, who sprouted a new head to look at Satarupa every time she moved. Born with a thousand thighs, heads, arms, and eyes as the being Purusha, he is attended by the swan Hamsa, and his wife is the goddess of learning Sarasvati. His masculine name is similar to the neuter word for the principle underlying the universe, as well as to the name of the highest caste. FTP, name this often four-headed and four-handed creator-god of Hinduism.
Output: Social Science
This composer's first cello concerto, which was memorized and premiered by Rostropovich after only four days, contains themes based on this composer's score to The Young Guard and his DSCH motif. The book Testimony contains the alleged memoirs of this composer, who used Franz Lehar's song "You'll Find Me at Maxim's" in one theme. After withdrawing his fourth symphony, this composer premiered a more conservative fifth symphony that he dubbed "An artist's (*) creative response to justified criticism." This composer wrote symphonies nicknamed The Year 1905, The Year 1917, and Babi-Yar. For 10 points, name this Russian composer whose Seventh Symphony contains the "invasion" theme and is nicknamed for the siege of Leningrad.
Output: Fine Arts
This painter's Pastoral Concert, originally misattributed to Giorgione, his teacher, inspired Luncheon on the Grass. The titular female was seen impregnated by Zeus in his series on Danae, including one with a nursemaid, and Cupid and Venus attended a wedding in his Sacred and Profane Love. His most famous painting sees two maids in the background and a dog accompanying the titular goddess in the foreground, who reclines on a bed naked. For 10 points, identify this Italian painter of Venus of Urbino.
Output: Fine Arts
The protagonist of one of this author's stories erects a sign near a pond claiming that on the third day of the third month, the title creature will ascend to heaven. Another of his works sees a figure in paradise acknowledge that a sinner did a singular good deed by sparing the life of an insect in one of his works. That work by this author sees the Buddha lower the titular object to hell to allow Kandata to climb out. A servant steals a woman's clothes after witnessing her pluck hairs of a corpse under the titular gate in one work by this author of "Ryu" and "The Spider's Thread", who also wrote a work that opens with the testimony of a woodcutter who has found a dead man in the titular location. For 10 points, name this Japanese author of such short stories as "Rashomon" and "In a Grove".
Output: Literature
Elizabeths running with Ann in pursuit results in the trodding on of the title figure in The Use and Abuse of Toads, which was written by this author, who also wrote, The chestnut casts his flambeaux, and the flowers in another poem. This author wrote about those who followed their mercenary calling / And took their wages and are dead in Epitaph on an Army of Mercenaries, while this author also wrote a work in which a dead character asks, Is my girl happy, one whose title character eats [his] victuals fast enough, and one whose narrator is advised to Give crowns and pounds and guineas / But not your heart away. Is my team ploughing, Terence, this is stupid stuff, and When I was one and twenty were written by, for 10 points, which author of A Shrophire Lad
Output: Literature
A poem about this god ends with him fathering a child with the daughter of Lelantos and killing the father of Pallene after wrestling him. An Orphic Hymn to this god describes how "the forest once felt your feet quiver in the dance" and addresses this god with the epithet "Liknites." This god is the subject of the longest surviving Greek poem from antiquity, which was written by Nonnus. In one play, this god escapes capture by causing a king to mistakenly stab a shadow on a wall and starting an earthquake that destroys that king's palace. The pompe occurred during a festival to this god which included the performance of tragedies and comedies. In his most famous literary appearance, this god drives Autonoe, Ino, and Agave mad and causes them to rip Pentheus to pieces. For 10 points, name this protagonist of Euripides' Bacchae, a Greek god of wine.
Output: Social Science
Later ceremonies devoted to this deity included the ritual washing of a black stone in the Almo River, while earlier ones included a festival known as the Megalesia. Proclus wrote a book on a late form of devotion to this figure which included a baptism in the blood of a sacrificed bull, known as the "taurobolium. "  Herodotus tells us that Anacharsis died in the process of introducing this figure to Scythia, while her original cult centered at Pessinus in Phrygia. Generally shown standing between two lions, she was associated with a male figure who was unfaithful to her, after which he went mad and castrated himself. FTP, name this goddess who was worshipped in Rome as Magna Mater and who was loved by Attis.
Output: Social Science
A title character of one work by this author wears the costumes of his own characters, who include a boy who seeks revenge on the rats that ate his sister. Don Fermin's past as a prominent member of the underworld is revealed to his son in a novel by this author which recounts the meeting of Ambrosio and Santiago Zavala in a bar. This author of Conversation in the Cathedral also wrote about the cadets at the Leoncio Prado Academy in The Time of the Hero. In another work he interwove the romance of an employee of Radio Panamericana with the radio plays of Pedro Camacho. For 10 points, name this author of Aunt Julia and the Scriptwriter, a Nobel Laureate from Peru.
Output: Literature
The key step in the derivation of this statement is to realize that the forward and reverse partial current densities are equal in the relevant case and, therefore, that the term proportional to the logarithm of their ratio vanishes. Its formulation leads to the idea of a concentration cell, since it indicates one can create both sides of a battery from the same materials, provided different concentrations are used in each side. Probably most useful in determining unknown concentrations from a measured voltage, it states that the standard reference potential of an electrochemical cell is equal to the kinetic temperature divided by the total charge times the logarithm of the reaction quotient. FTP, name this equation of electrochemistry, which is named for a German scientist who won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1920.
Output: Science
The cantata The Heirs of White Mountain triggered fame in his homeland for this composer, whose Carnival Overture formed part of his Nature, Life, and Love trilogy. In England, Joseph Barnby introduced his Stabat Mater, the first religious piece by this composer. His only violin concerto was premiered by Joachim after that of Brahms. He composed a work whose six movements is each a fleeting thought. A premiere by Victor Herbert convinced this composer to compose his second cello concerto in B minor, while time spent in Iowa convinced this composer of the American quartet, The Bells of Zlonice symphony, and the Dumky Trio to explore folk tunes in his ninth symphony. For 10 points, name this Czech composer who composed a symphony From the New World.
Output: Fine Arts
The Durham Report urged for the union of this modern-day country's two parts. The explosion of the SS Mont-Blanc occurred in this country, whose first prime minister left office after accepting bribes over the construction of a transcontinental railroad in the (*) Pacific Scandal. Louisiana's Cajun culture originated from settlers in this country called Acadians. The Battle of the Plains of Abraham occurred in this country during the French and Indian War, and its Klondike Gold Rush resulted in the settlement of Yukon Territory. For ten points, identify this largest member of the British Commonwealth home to the province of Ontario. ANSWER: Canada
Output: History
The Providers order that Al-lith marry Ben Ata in one of this author's works, which is the second part of a series that ends with Krolgul and Klorathy returning to Shammat. In addition to The Marriages Between Zones Three, Four, and Five and The Sentimental Agents in the Volyen Empire, both part of this author's Canopus in Argos series, this author wrote about the birth of Ben to Harriet and David Lovatt in The Fifth Child and the cat-dog Hugo that accompanies Emily Cartwright in Memoirs of a Survivor. More well known works by this author include one in which Moses kills Mary, the wife of Dick Turner, and one in which stories from Anna Wulf's life are interspersed with excerpts from the novel Free Women. For 10 pointsname this author of The Grass is Singing and The Golden Notebook.
Output: Fine Arts
In a foreword, the author claimed that only thoroughness can be entertaining, and that is expressed in the novel itself, as it is presented in 7 parts, each representing a year that has taken place. Among other anecdotal occurrences, the protagonist clashes with and later comes to adore Mynheer Peeperkorn, and falls in love with a woman who reminds him of a boy he knew in school named Hippe, Clavdia Chauchat, all while participating in frequent debates between the optimistic Lodovico Settembrini and the pessimistic Leo Naphta. For ten points, name this novel in which Joachim Ziemssen receives a visit from his cousin Hans Castorp in a titular sanatorium, a 1924 work by Thomas Mann.
Output: Literature
One of this man's poems was written after he visited the Fountain of Tears at the Khan Palace; that poem, "The Fountain of Bakhchisy. "In another of his poems, the protagonist looks at the empty plain / and the secret reason for his sadness / he did not dare to seek to discover; that protagonist is Aleko, who is one of the titular "Gypsises. " "Gypsies" is one of the Southern Poems that this man wrote while he was in exile, but a better known poem by this man sees the titular characters face off against the evil sorcerer Chernomor. This man's best known poem sees the titular statue of Peter the Great come to life in a Moscow square. For 10 points, name this author of Ruslan and Lyudmila and The Bronze Horseman, who also wrote the verse novel Eugene Onegin.
Output: Literature
The line-of-sight integral of electron column density to one of these objects is their "dispersion measure," and so-called "timing experiments" done with these objects are employed to detect the Gravitational Wave Background. One of these objects was the first known star save the Sun to possess planets. Turbulence in the interstellar medium is commonly probed using the radiation from these objects. One class of these objects is thought to originate from two mechanisms, one of which is the "spin-up" of low-mass X-ray binaries, the "millisecond" variety. Another class of them rotates due to the decay of a powerful B-field. Starquakes are thought to cause glitches in the periods of these objects. For 10 points, name this class of neutron stars that emits electromagnetic radiation.
Output: Science
A work by this poet describes how the title object "took dominion everywhere" and "did not give of   bird or bush". Another of his poems tells how one must "have been cold a long time / To behold the  junipers shagged with ice". In another work, this poet does "not know which to prefer, / The beauty   of inflections / or the beauty of innuendos". His poem "The Snow Man" is included in a collection  whose two verses begin "Take from the dresser of deal" and "Call the roller of big cigars." Name this  poet whose collection Harmonium  includes "Anecdote of the Jar", "Thirteen Ways of Looking at a  Blackbird", and "The Emperor of Ice-Cream".
Output: Literature
He wrote a three-part work of essays containing histories of astronomy, ancient physics, and ancient logics and metaphysics. August Oncken noted a contradiction in this man's two major works that he dubbed this man's namesake "problem. " His first major work was an extension of his mentor Francis Hutcheson's philosophy and broke moral systems down into nature and motive categories. In addition to The Theory of Moral Sentiments, he wrote a work that used an example of a pin factory to underscore the importance of the division of labor and posited a force by which self-interest benefitted the general good, the "invisible hand. " FTP, name this author of The Wealth of Nations.
Output: Social Science
During the 1980s he wrote such books as A Memory of Murder and the collection of short stories The Toynbee Convector. His other recent works include the novel Green Shadows, White Whale, which is about writing a screenplay for Moby Dick. His first published work, Dark Carnival, is like many of his later books in that it is set in Green Town, which was based on his home of Waukegan. More famously, he has written such books as The October Country and The Golden Apples of the Sun. FTP, name this author of Something Wicked This Way Comes and Dandelion Wine, perhaps best known for the story of fireman Guy Montag in Fahrenheit 451.
Output: Literature
This work's author sarcastically claims that people of his day are so potent and enflamed that they conceive as easily as a partridge hen hearing the voice of a cock, which prefaces his discussion of "concealment" and "recognition" as part of drama. It quotes Gloucester's "I, then, am rudely stamped" as exemplifying the formation of the demoniacal from the inability to endure pity. It repeatedly mocks the poet's necessary recourse to sympathy, including while discussing the heroism of a figure from Aristotle's Poetics who heeds the oracle at Delphi. This work's epilogue cites spice traders who threw cargo into the sea to raise prices and wonders if an analogous delusion is what the present generation needs. It ends speaking of a disciple of Heraclitus who wished "only to go further. " One section concludes that either "faith never existed, because it has always existed" or " the individual as the individual is higher than the universal", exemplifying one of the central paradoxes. Another section concludes that there is a telelogical suspension of the ethical. For 10 points, name this work which asks three questions regarding Abraham's sacrifice of Isaac, a work of Soren Kierkegaard.
Output: Social Science
Its author tried to publish part of this novel as a short story called "Bibi," but it was rejected by The Atlantic Monthly. Minor characters include the artist turned clerk Raul Innerarity as well as Virginian politician Governor Claiborne. A key symbol in this work is the Revolutionary War sword that Palmyre's husband, the African prince Bras Coupe, uses during an insurrection. This novel begins at a masked ball where a member of the title family falls in love with the mysterious Aurora Nancanou and much of the action revolves around the office of the newly arrived druggist, Joseph Frowenfeld, whose introduction to Creole society is traced in the work. FTP, name this novel about the gradual dissolution of a New Orleans family, the masterpiece of George Washington Cable.
Output: Literature
In a short story by this author, Alida Slade reveals that she had written a fake letter from Delphin to Grace Ansley inviting the latter to a rendezvous at the Colosseum in an attempt to get her sick with malaria. In a novel by this author, Fanny Beaufort's fiance Dallas visits Paris to meet with his father's former lover. In another novel by this author of (*) "Roman Fever", a debt to Gus Trenor and the schemes of Bertha Dorset ruin the social standing of the object of Lawrence Selden's love, Lily Bart. In another novel by this woman, May Welland reveals her pregnancy in order to prevent Newland Archer from running away to Europe with Ellen Olenska. For 10 points, name this author of The House of Mirth and The Age of Innocence.
Output: Literature
He depicted a man in a suit of armor standing on a small boat and kissing a naked woman whose pudenda are obscured by a metal chain in his painting The Deliverance of Arsinoe. The titular nude figure dips her left leg into a pool of water while looking at a mirror behind which can be seen a bald, bearded man in his The Bathing Susanna. A figure hanging horizontally in space and wearing a red robe holds a baby which sucks at the breast of another naked woman in his The Origin of the Milky Way. His other works include Vulcan Surprising Venus and Mars and a notable 1594 version of the Last Supper. FTP, name this mannerist painter who was born Jacopo Robusti.
Output: Fine Arts
One theater of this war was decided by a protracted siege executed in turn by Peter Lacy and by Marshal Mnnich, and that engagement is notable for seeing this first historical fighting between Russian and French troops. A young Maurice de Saxe fought in this conflict despite the opposing side being led by his half-brother. Spain was drawn into this conflict by the newly signed Treaty of the Escorial, and after this conflict Tuscany was granted to Francis Stephen in recompense for the French seizure of his Duchy of Lorraine. Victory at Bitonto in this war allowed Don Carlos to invade Sicily and claim it as a Bourbon possession, and an attempted relief of the Siege of Philippsburg was conducted by Eugene of Savoy, who led his final campaigns in this war. The Treaty of Vienna ended this conflict, though its major belligerents, France and Austria, would fight again two years later in the War of the Austrian Succession. For 10 points, name this war of the 1730s which pitted Frederick Augustus II of Saxony against Stanislaw Leszczynsky for the right to the crown of Augustus the Strong.
Output: History
One character in this work claims, "repression is the only lasting philosophy" after giving another character a gold coin to make up for the death of his child. That character, the Marquis St. Evremonde, is later murdered in his sleep by the father of the child he killed, and is left with a note reading, "Drive him fast to his tomb. This, from Jacques". The family of the Marquis had earlier been condemned "to the last of their race" by another character, despite the fact that his daughter would later marry the nephew of the Marquis, Charles Darnay. For 10 pointsname this work, containing Dr. Manette, Lucie Manette, Sydney Carton, and Madame Defarge, a novel about London and Paris by Charles Dickens.
Output: Fine Arts
may contribute to the cerebral type of this disease as a result of up-regulation of ICAM-1. Deficiency of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase increases resistance to this disease, as do certain thalassemias. It causes the membranes of certain cells to become porous seconds before making them burst. Humans who are Duffy blood group negative are protected from one agent causing this disease that lacks redundancy in invasion pathways, P. vivax. Affected cells become deformed easily, leading to an outward diffusion of potassium that makes those cells less hospitable for P. falciparum in humans who are heterozygous for hemoglobin S. That heterozygosity, which also allows the spleen to preferentially destroy infected red blood cells, is sickle cell anemia. For 10 points, name this disease commonly treated with quinine which is caused by Plasmodium and transmitted by the Anopheles mosquito.
Output: Science
A character in this novel is described as a mixture of quick parts, sarcastic humor, reserve, and caprice; and another character states "I do not cough for my own amusement." In this work, Mary King is proposed to after inheriting ten thousand pounds, an incident described in a letter written to Mrs. Gardiner in London. The man who proposes to her, a disappointed military officer and unsuccessful gambler named George Wickham, eventually marries Lydia. Wickham is often at odds with the owner of Pemberley, Mr. Fitzwilliam Darcy. Name this work about Elizabeth Bennet and her sisters, written by Jane Austen.
Output: Literature
The protagonist of this story tries to avoid an old man from Pola whose dentures fall out of place as he shouts "Our very best to your sweetheart! " That old man resembles other characters, including a street entertainer and a man seen in the doorway of a mortuary chapel in Munich. The protagonist, the author of "The Wretched Man" and a prose epic about Frederick the Great, loses his luggage after arriving at the Hotel des Bains on Lido. The sweetish smell of disinfectant haunts him, and he becomes ill by eating some overripe strawberries. Finally, he is summoned to his fate by Tadzio, the Polish boy with whom he has fallen in love. FTP, name this Thomas Mann short story centering on Gustav von Aschenbach and his demise in an Italian city.
Output: Literature
The Kompaneets equation describes the time evolution of the energy distribution of particles that have participated in this process. The y-parameter was introduced by Sunyaev and Zeldovich, who studied the inverse type of this phenomenon in the cosmic microwave background. The Klein-Nishina formula calculates the differential cross section for this phenomenon, which reduces to a Thomson process in the limit of low photon energies. The change in wavelength that occurs in this process depends as the cosine of the angular change of the affected photon's direction. FTP identify this process in which a photon collides with an electron, resulting in a decrease in its energy.
Output: Science
His fourth symphony, often nicknamed Ode to Heavenly Joy, uses a Wunderhorn song for soprano, while his third is unnamed. His ninth and tenth symphonies are unfinished, while his second uses a certain Klopstock ode. His first symphony in D major is known as the Titan, while his sixth is known as the Tragic. For ten points, name this Austrian composer whose eighth symphony requires eight soloists, a double choir, and orchestra, and is thus known as the Symphony of a Thousand.
Output: Fine Arts
Background emissions from an object in this constellation led Johannes Hartmann to discover the interstellar medium, and ionized emissions within it are responsible for Barnard's Loop. An active site of stellar formation within this constellation, the Molecular Cloud Complex, houses the Flame Nebula as well as the Horsehead Nebula. Mintaka, Alnilam, and the brightest O star, Alnitak, form a distinctive linear asterism in this constellation. Bellatrix and Rigel are particularly bright stars here, and its star Betelgeuse forms the shoulder of its namesake hunter. For 10 points, identify this constellation with notable asterisms like its Shield and Belt.
Output: Science
This man rejected Kant's "intuitionism" in favor of empirical observation in one work. He noted that it was "better to be Socrates dissatisfied than a fool satisfied" in arguing for the superiority of intellectual pleasures, like reading Wordsworth, over physical pleasures. This author of A System of Logic argued that the government should only take away a man's rights in order to prevent harm to another person in his On Liberty. He was influenced by the earlier work of Jeremy Bentham in formulating the "greatest-happiness principle." For 10 points, name this British Utilitarian philosopher.
Output: Social Science
Like quaternary amines, they can also be used as phase transfer catalysts in liquid-liquid extractions, and Huang used a mixture of one of these compounds and cyclodextrin to separate primary amines via capillary electrophoresis. Polyglymes are a linear version of them, and three-dimensional ones are called cryptands, which are often used as ionophores. Charles Pederson first synthesized them by linking several catechols together, and isolated a product that could complex with potassium ions. Dioxane is the simplest example of, FTP, this type of macrocycle composed of repeating ethyleneoxy units, a special type of ether.
Output: Science
The Tistian isthmus connects the volcanoes Concepcion and Madera which lie on Ometepe, the largest island in this body of water. Originally called "sweet sea" or "Mar Dulce (Dool-sey)" by the Spanish, its current name is derived from an Indian chief whose people lived on its shores. Linked to another large lake by the Tipitapa river, the San Juan drains out of it and forms a boundary with Costa Rica. FTP identify this only freshwater lake with sharks, the largest in Central America, which shares its name with a country that counts Managua as its capital.
Output: Social Science
In this country, confusion over whether the phrase "bicycle combination" referred to a pair of overalls or a motorcycle led to the accidental discovery of a Nazi spy. This country caused a diplomatic backlash when its heads of state and government both sent official condolences to Germany upon the death of Adolf Hitler. A secret plan to protect this country from a Nazi invasion was known as Plan W, which was drawn up after Leonhard Kaupisch was put in charge of an operation to conquer this country which was never launched. The television drama (*) Caught in a Free State depicts buffoonish attempts at inserting German spies into this country during World War II, which was referred to in this officially neutral country as "The Emergency." For 10 points, identify this country which was targeted by the Nazi Operation Green and where a paramilitary group seeking reunification with Ulster collaborated with the Germans.
Output: History
The chiral ligand DIPAMP was used with this reaction by William S. Knowles to create an industrial process for the production of L-DOPA. Under conditions that would normally produce this reaction, benzyl ethers are cleaved to produce toluene and an alcohol. The enthalpy change of benzene undergoing this reaction can be used to estimate its resonance energy. The first efficient homogeneous catalyst used for this reaction was Wilkinson's. Another catalyst used for this reaction allows the production of cis-alkenes from alkynes and is Lindlar's catalyst. This reaction that can be catalyzed by Raney nickel when used to increase the amount of saturated fats in vegetable oil. For 10 points, name this reaction that involves adding the lightest element to a bond.
Output: Science
In a modified form of this reaction, diethyl ether is used in the synthesis of cholestane. Other more notable modifications of this reaction include one that uses formic acid and ethanol to produce aryl alkenes and one that uses toluene in the Martin modification. One proposed mechanism uses a carbenoid intermediate, although it is agreed this reaction uses electrons supplied by the oxidation of a metal. It is analogous to another reaction run under basic conditions which can modified in a one pot process named after Huang and Minlon. For 10 points, identify this chemical reaction which uses zinc amalgam and hydrochloric acid and, like the Wolff-Kishner reduction, reduces aldehydes or ketones to alkanes.
Output: Science
In Chinese myth, the sun was said to rise from one of these called Fusang in the east and to set by one called Ruomu in the west. Jason was told by a talking one of these in Dodona to build the Argo. After Muhammed had a pulpit built from which to preach, one of these by which he used to stand began to weep. After death, because of their generosity to the disguised Zeus and Hermes, the old couple Baucis and Philemon were transformed into two of these intertwining. Inhabited by Dryads in Greek myth, FTP what are these entities, one of which in Norse myth is inhabited by the squirrel Ratatosk and is called Yggdrasil
Output: Social Science
A second-order version of this effect was derived by Opik and Price and results from mixing between states, while determining the adiabatic potential energy surface for systems undergoing this effect leads to the "Mexican Hat" potential. UV-vis spectra for systems undergoing it show splitting of bands, and this effect explains the structure of the cyclooctatriene anion. This phenomenon is responsible for the sharp vertical transition line between low-spin and high-spin states in some Tanabe-Sugano diagrams, and another version of this effect occurs because orbital angular momentum defines the parity of the wavefunction in linear molecules, a version partly named for Renner. It occurs most strongly in systems in which the e sub g orbitals are unevenly occupied, forcing them into a lower energy state. For 10 points, name this effect in which a molecule is distorted in order to break degeneracy and lower energy.
Output: Science
Tri-phenyl-phosphine and diethyl azo-di-carboxylate are used to transform this class of organic compounds into other compounds such as esters and various types of ethers via the Mitsunobu reaction. An ester can also be formed from a carboxylic acid and one of these with the help of an acidic catalyst in a process known as Fischer esterification, and they must be made into good leaving groups, often with tosylate or mesylate, before they can undergo nucleophilic substitution. For 10 points, identify this class of organic compounds, represented by the general formula R-OH.
Output: Science
The actions of this painting were the subject of Florent Dancort's Les trois cousines. A second incarnation of this painting features an extra figure holding a man in a billowing blue cloak on her lap in the lower right. That version clearly depicts a plumed helmet and shield resting against a gigantic pedestal at right, while two flying creatures chase each other near the center. In both versions, a dog looks expectantly back at a woman in yellow and a man with a walking stick in red, and next to them a man in blue and red helps a woman off the ground. Flying cherubs cavort around a waiting ship that pairs of lovers trot downhill to board in, FTP, what rococo painting by Jean Watteau
Output: Fine Arts
He exiles Maricha to a distant island using his bow Kodanda, but that monster returns as a golden deer. Later, he forces his wife to walk through a fire in order to prove her purity, though he never actually doubted her. As a gesture of respect, his brother leaves this figures sandals upon the throne after his banishment, which is due to the scheming of Kaikeyi. His brother Lakshmana accompanies him in exile, and another one of his allies is a son of the wind god Vayu. Despite the efforts of Jatayu, his wife is abducted by Ravana, but after allying himself with Hanuman and several other figures, he manages to rescue her. FTP, name this king of Ayodhya, husband of Sita, and seventh avatar of Vishnu, the namesake of an Indian epic.
Output: Social Science
This man argued that judges made decisions based on "felt necessities" in one text. He declared that an intent to do harm was crucial in deciding libel cases in his pamphlet, "Privilege, Malice and Intent". He wrote the majority opinion stating that Major League Baseball was exempt from the Sherman Antitrust Act. A criticism of one of his opinions by Zechariah Chafee may have inspired him to dissent in a related case about a (*) pamphlet published in Yiddish, the Abrams v. US case. He infamously declared that "three generations of imbeciles are enough" in his majority opinion in Buck v. Bell and also wrote for the majority in Debs v. US. For 10 points, name this Supreme Court justice who wrote about shouting fire in a crowded theatre in the Schenck case.
Output: History
According to a rabbinical source named for Zebediah, this man used the phrase "bring the blood" in Leviticus to argue that laymen could sacrifice animals. He delivered speeches at locations such as Mizpah and Gilgal, and after hearing the bleating of sheep, this man sliced King Agag into pieces. This son of Elkanah was trained until the age of 13 by a priest from Shiloh named Eli, and his spirit was briefly resurrected after death by the (*) Witch of Endor. He was born after intense nighttime prayers by Hannah, his previously barren mother. For 10 points, name this Judge and prophet who anointed Saul and King David, whose two namesake Biblical books precede First Kings.
Output: Social Science
This man's written works include a collection of 52 essays entitled Kindergarten Chats and The Autobiography of an Idea. His namesake T-shaped bungalow was destroyed by Hurricane Katrina, while a building this man originally designed for R. Deimel & Brothers, the Dexter Building, was destroyed in a 2006 fire. Larry Millet's book The Curve of the Arch is about another building designed by this man that features two huge arched windows and green terracotta trim, the National Farmer's Bank of Owatonna. His only work in New York is the Bayard Building, and he criticized Daniel Burnham for that man's classicism after designing the modernist Transportation Building for the Columbian Exposition. His other Chicago buildings include his last collaboration with Dankmar Adler, the Carson, Pirie, Scott Building, and he also designed Clinton, Iowa's Van Allen Building. For 10 points, identify this Chicago School architect of St. Louis's Sullivan building, who believed that "form follows function. "
Output: Fine Arts
One of this author's works depicts Anguish planting her black flag on the speaker's bowed skull and begins by describing "when the low, heavy sky weighs like a lid / on the groaning spirit." In another of his poems, the title "kings of the sky, clumsy, ashamed, / Pathetically let their great white wings / Drag beside them like oars" as sailors capture them. This author of "Litanies of Satan" and "The Albatross" opened one collection with a poem addressing the "hypocrite reader," which hails a type of boredom called ennui. For 10 points, name this French Symbolist poet, who included poems called "Spleen" in his collection Les Fleurs du mal.
Output: Literature
One of this author's protagonists tells his Nationalist captors that Ramon Gris is in a cemetery to protect his real hideout, not knowing Ramon has since moved to that cemetery. In a play by this man, a character with no eyelids works for his uncle as a Valet. This writer of "The Wall" retold the Orestes myth in a play whose title creatures represent the Furies. This author is best known for a play set in a "Second Empire" room inhabited by the lesbian clerk Inez and Joseph Garcin, who proclaims that "Hell is other people." For 10 points, name this French Existentialist author of The Flies and No Exit.
Output: Literature
This man was described as a "philosopher of multiplicity" in the final section of Emerson's Representative Men. He poetically accused Friedrich Nicolai of defecating on the grave of one of his characters, while another of his characters visits an inn which bears the motto "ubi homines sunt, modi sunt" and travels to the Pedagogical Province with his son Felix. That character puts on a performance of Hamlet before joining the (*) Tower Society in the first novel this man wrote about him. He also wrote a novel whose protagonist is buried under a linden tree after an awkward nighttime reading of Ossian prompts him to shoot himself in order to assure Albert and Lotte's happiness. For 10 points, name this creator of Wilhelm Meister, the German author of The Sorrows of Young Werther and Faust.
Output: Literature
The canonical form of this is the partial derivative of the Lagrangian with respect to the generalized velocity. For a photon, it is the energy divided by the speed of light, while Newton's second law states that force equals its time derivative. For ten points, what quantity is sometimes written as the product of the mass times the velocity
Output: Science
An oracle instructed the inhabitants of this city to hold an annual swinging festival to stop an outbreak of girls hanging themselves in imitation of Erigone. That outbreak occurred after a group of shepherds from this city mistook wine for poison and killed Icarius during the reign of king Pandion. Another king of this city had daughters named Aglauros, Pandrosos and Herse, who were told never to look inside a willow basket containing a child born when Hephaestus's semen impregnated Gaia. That child became the second autochthonous king of this city, and he was half snake like this city's founder Cecrops, who ruled in favor of an olive tree over a spring in a contest between Poseidon and this city's patron goddess. For 10 points, name this city whose kings included Aegeus and Theseus, named for the Greek goddess of wisdom.
Output: Social Science
In the Wilton Diptych, this ruler appears holding a ring behind Richard II. This ruler gathered ships to prevent an invasion by King Magnus of Denmark, and sent Siward, Earl of Northumbria, to invade Scotland. Early in his life, this king escaped to Normandy after he and his brother Alfred led a revolt against Harold Harefoot. He named Robert Champart Archbishop of Canterbury, which caused a rebellion led by Godwine, the earl of Wessex, and repealed the Danegelt after succeeding Hardicanute. This son of Emma ordered the construction of Westminster Abbey, and named Harold Godwinson as his successor. Ruling from 1042 to 1066, FTP, name this penultimate Anglo-Saxon king of England, a son of Ethelred the Unready nicknamed for his piety.
Output: History
This thinker wrote a work in which the title institution limited economic development by encouraging adjustment to adversity rather than innovation and promoting insulating family ties. He also wrote an essay in which the title profession is something lived for, or something lived off of, and the third section of a work by him discusses charismatic, traditional, and rational-legal types of the title concept. In addition to The Religion of China and Politics as a Vocation, and "The Types of Authority and Imperative Co-ordination", part of The Theory of Social and Economic Organization, this man also wrote a book in which one of the title concepts resulted in more thriftiness and higher productivity, resulting in stronger development of the title economic system. For 10 points, who is this German sociologist and political scientist, who wrote The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism
Output: Social Science
A recent 2007 biography notes the growing bitter expatriatism evident in this authors stories Hudson River Bracketed, The Gods Arrived, and Twilight Sleep. She criticized Victorian interior design principles for creating stuffy uncomfortable rooms in a book coauthored with Ogden Codman, The Decoration of Houses. One of her novels describes the sexual awakening of Charity Royall, while another focuses on Undine Spragg, who is forcibly and ineffectively launched into Manhattanite society after eloping with local cad Elmer Moffat. In addition to Summer and The Custom of the Country, another of her novels ends with the marriage of May Welland to the gentlemen lawyer Newland Archer. FTP, name this author who won the 1921 Pulitzer Prize for The Age of Innocence.
Output: Literature
novel ends with its heroine crying and the narrator worrying of her tears that "these were not the last she was destined to shed. " That character is interviewed by the young journalist Matthias Pardon and is courted by Henry Burrage. In the climactic scene of this novel, its protagonist decides against giving a much anticipated speech at the Music Hall. The hardworking Dr. Prance is contrasted with the heroine's father, the mesmerist quack Dr. Selah Tarrant. That heroine is immediately accepted into this novel's central social circle after delivering an enthralling address at a gathering hosted by the septuagenarian Mrs. Birdseye. In this novel, Verena Tarrant is groomed by Olive Chancellor to be a spokesperson for the feminist movement, but runs away with the lawyer Basil Ransom. For 10 points, name this Henry James novel named for the residents of a New England city.
Output: Literature