niryuu/sni-each-converted huggingface dataset:
Forces acting in the name of this ruler were victorious at the Battle of Pinkie Cleugh, and his reign saw Sir Peter Carew and the Earl of Bedford crush the Western Rebellion in Cornwall. His reign also saw the removal of Nicholas Heath, Edward Bonner, and Stephen Gardiner from their episcopal posts, mostly at the behest of John Dudley, his Lord President. Earlier, his Lord Protector, the Duke of Somerset, encouraged him to sign the death warrant of Thomas Seymour, his uncle, and his reign saw the Book of Common Prayer established by Archbishop Thomas Cranmer. For ten points, name this last male Tudor, the sickly son of Henry VIII.
Output: History
man collaborated with Thomas Girtin in copying studies by John Robert Cozens and Edward Dayes while staying with Thomas Munro, and he was inspired by a Thomas Gray poem to depict the decimation of the Welsh Bards by Edward I. This man often appended quotes from his alleged epic poem "The Fallacies of Hope" to his works, which include a view of Venice from the Porch of Madonna and Ulysses Dering Polyphemus. He painted two works on "morning" and "evening" after a downpour, while his Roman works include Apullia in Search of Appulus and View of Orvieto. One of his paintings depics a vehicle barreling forward parallel to a barely visible colonnade, while another notably sets the titular ship off on the left side. Causing controversy with a painting depicting dying people being thrown off the titular craft during a storm, this is, for 10 points, what artist of Slave Ship and Rain, Steam, and Speed
Output: Fine Arts
scholars have argued that most of this man's book was written by a different source from his prayer in chapter 2, and one of the ironies of this character is that, while he is deceitful, his father's name means "truth. " This man makes a cameo eight books before his own and is told to anoint Jehu as rightful king. The Yalkut Shimoni asserts that after this man performed his commanded task, the King of the city to which he had traveled tore down his palace and ordered that both the people and beasts wear sackcloth and ashes in repentance, though this man was disappointed that they were shown mercy at all. A recurring theme at the beginning of the story is this man's "going down," first to Joppa and then into his napping spot, the hold of a ship. This son of Amittai's book falls between those of Obadiah and Micah and is read every year on Yom Kippur. For ten points name this reluctant prophet of the Hebrew Bible who eventually prophesies the destruction of Nineveh after failing to run away.
Output: Literature
This poem contains a passage in which a poet retells the story of the fight at Finnesburg, which is also told in a fragment included in Frederick Klaeber's edition of this poem. A 1936 lecture on this poem argued that it should be studied as a text rather than as a historical document, and was subtitled "The Monsters and the Critics. " This poem opens by describing the sea burial of Scyld Scefing. Wiglaf is the only person to accompany the protagonist during his attempt to slay a dragon, which takes place years after he kills the two other primary antagonists. For 10 points, name this epic poem about a hero who saves Hrothgar from the monster Grendel.
Output: Literature
His most notorious publication is likely the article "Distortions at Fourth Hand," in which he apologized for the Khmer Rouge, and he also wrote the preface to a book by Holocaust denier Robert Faurisson, claiming that he was defending the principle of free speech. His assault on B.F. Skinner's theories helped to initiate the cognitive revolution in psychology, and his namesake hierarchy ranks the expressive power of formal languages, a concept important in automata theory. His "principles and parameters" approach to language acquisition posits the existence of a universal grammar, and he believes that grammar is transformational and generative. FTP, name this linguist and polemicist, author of the scientific Syntactic Structures and political Imperial Ambitions.
Output: Social Science
In one work, this composer adapted the opening theme from the first section "Arietta" into a waltz for the last segment entitled, "Remembrances," and he wrote an "air" in andante religioso for a work written "in old style" dedicated to a playwright. In addition to Lyric Pieces and the Holberg Suite, one of his works has sections titled "Anitra's Dance" and "Morning Mood" and a sharp cymbal crash represents the destruction of a mountain as trolls are chasing the title character in the movement, "In the Hall of the Mountain King. " For 10 points, name this composer, who wrote the Peer Gynt Suites, a noted Norwegian.
Output: Fine Arts
One god of this domain is accompanied by seven judges, seven messengers, and his bald uncle Myesyats. Another god of this domain counts among his enemies the immortal disembodied head Rahu. A god of this domain was assisted by the vizier Bunene, gave an axe called "Might of Heroes" and the bow of Anshan to Gilgamesh, and lived in a palace guarded by scorpion men. In another myth system, Dijun and Xihe were the parents of the three-legged birds responsible for this domain, (*) nine of which were killed by the archer Hou Yi. A temple that is torn down and rebuilt every twenty years at Ise is sacred to another deity of this domain, who once hid in a cave after a flayed pony was thrown into her hall by her brother Susano'o. For 10 points, identify this celestial domain associated with Dazhbog, Surya, Shamash, Amaterasu, and the Norse demigoddess Sol.
Output: Social Science
Two characters in this play are amused when they view a diorama of a Mormon pioneer family, and a character named Belize insist that they say the Kaddish. One character in this play sees a vision of the dead clasping hands and protecting the earth while on a plane to San Francisco, a plane that Mr. Lies had arranged for her. The ghost of Ethel Rosenberg appears in one characters dreams and enjoys his suffering. That character must decide whether to ask the President to help him get AZT, and is an unscrupulous Mormon lawyer named Roy Cohn. Louis leaves the protagonist of this play for him, causing Prior Walker to be hurt. For ten points, identify this play about AIDS by Tony Kushner.
Output: Literature
Die Harmonie der Welt, and The Long Christmas Dinner are three of the eight completed operas by, for 15 points, what composer known for his espousal of practical music as well as his seven chamber concertos and the opera Mathis der Maler
Output: Fine Arts
One writer from this country wrote about Salie and her brother Madicke in The Belly of the Atlantic, and another writer from this country wrote Scarlet Song as well as a novel written in the form of a letter from Ramatoulaye to Aissatou, So Long a Letter. Aside from Fatou Diome and Mariama B, authors from this country include one who wrote Xala, which he later adapted into a film, as well as a novel about a railroad strike, God's Bits of Wood. That author, Ousmane Sembne, is not as famous as a poet from this country, who, along with Aim Csaire, created the concept of Ngritude. For 10 points, name this country which was home to Lopold Senghor.
Output: Literature
One of this writer's works includes an undivided section titled "Rooms," as well as individual entries such as "A Red Stamp" and "Roastbeef. " This poet penned the line "Egg be takers" and included the phrase "Pat ten patent" in the poem that includes this writer's most quoted line. One of this author's works has a Part Two but no Part One, contains multiple Chapter Xs and Chapter 10s, and opens with the line "Once. Always excited to say twice. " This author of Alphabets and Birthdays also wrote that Brim Beauvais, as well as the poem Sacred Emily. In addition to writing about the titular writer who wishes to meet this author, "Pablo Picasso and Alfred Whitehead" for her hypothetical book The Wives of Geniuses I Have Sat With, this poet gathered verbal fragments in a cubist style for her Tender Buttons. For 10 points, name this author of The Autobiography of Alice B. Toklas, the poet behind the line "a rose is a rose is a rose. "
Output: Literature
[AR] In 1966, Martin Heidegger and Eugene Fink presented a seminar on the work of this man, and though he suggests, "the Thunderbolt guides all things," Popper called him the first historicist philosopher of nature. Indicative of his ontological positions, he acknowledges the need for War and strife and calls it the father and king of all. He was the first to use the term 'kosmos' to refer to the world instead of just order and he suggests, "for souls it is death to become water. " Known for his concepts of the unity of opposites, the notion of flux, and that fire was the basic essence of the universe-for 10 points, name this Ephesian philosopher who suggests that stepping into the same river twice is fraught with logical complications.
Output: Social Science
This composer's choral music included such songs as "The Renegade," and "My Star," but he could also do secular music, as in the Shakespeare Festival March. He wrote a concert etude for piano, On the Seashore, in the same year as his symphonic poem about a vassal of Harold Bluetooth, Hakon Jarl. His final opera, which dealt with a monarch's wish to destroy a legendary dam, was called The Devil's Wall. Both "The Dance of the Comedians" and the aria, "Is it Possible," appear in his opera about Hans' struggle to best Wenzel for the hand of Marie. That work was preceded by the story of Jira in The Brandenburgers in Bohemia. For 10 points, identify this composer whose best known work is composed of such tone poems as "Tabor," "Blanik,"and "The Moldau, and is collectively entitled Ma Vlast. 
Output: Fine Arts
The Hilbert Basis Theorem guarantees that if one of these is Noetherian, then the polynomials over it are also Noetherian. While the existence of a multiplicative unit in one of these isnt guaranteed by the axioms, most authors assume its presence. These can form quotients with special subsets known as ideals, and commutative ones with no zero divisors are known as integral domains. Formally an abelian group over addition and a monoid over multiplication, this describes, for ten points, what algebraic structure exemplified by the integers
Output: Science
This result is closely related to the Gram-Charlier and Edgeworth expansions in terms of cumulants. Lindeberg showed that a weaker condition is sufficient in a variant of this statement that replaces the requirement of identical distributions with the Lyapunov condition on third moments about the mean. The Cauchy distribution does not satisfy the conditions of this theorem, and in fact has a sample variance that is independent of the sample size. FTP, name this theorem stating that any sum of I I D random variables converges in distribution to the normal distribution.
Output: Science
Flurprimidol and ancymidol are two chemicals that inhibit synthesis of these compounds, whose precursors include ent-kaurene. PIF3/4 is a transcription factor whose activity is regulated by these compounds through their promotion of ubiquitination of DELLA proteins. A bioassay for these compounds using barley endosperm relies on their stimulation of hydrolytic enzymes in germinating cereal grains. Teijiro Yabuta and Eiichi Kurosawa named and discovered these compounds during studies of foolish seedling disease. For 10 points, name this class of plant hormones that break dormancy and stimulate cell elongation.
Output: Science
The second chapter of this work describes a man who uses his impressive football skills to become Prime Minister. Another character becomes a monk after beating the Lord of the West to death; however, the abbot sends that man away for consuming wine and meat. Another man learns that Pan Jinlian murdered his brother and committed adultery with Ximen Qing, then kills them both. The downfall of the main characters is their acceptance of amnesty, which causes two-thirds them to be killed in their campaign against rebel Fang La. For 10 points, name this Chinese classic about the heroes of Mount Liang.
Output: Literature
Despite a royal order ordering it to end on August 25, it continued unabated in the countryside, leading to 70,000 deaths. Prompted both by a failed assassination plot against Admiral Coligny and the gathering of many prominent leaders for the wedding of Margaret of Valois to Henry of Navarre, it was a Guise plot reluctantly joined by King Charles IX and organized by Catherine de'Medici. FTP, what was this 1572 massacre of French Huguenots
Output: History
This person adapted a Holger Drachmann poem into his Sakuntala, and his second opera, Magic Fountain, was never performed in his lifetime. Some of his Norway-inspired works include the tone poem Eventyr, or Once Upon a Time, as well as the symphonic choral work A Song of the High Hills. His George Washington Cable-inspired opera Koanga repeated the "La Calinda" tune from the "Daybreak" movement of a suite which depicted the St. Johns River, while his most famous work is an opera in which the son of Manz and the daughter of Marti, Sali and Vreli, avoid the Dark Fiddler and eventually drown together. He included the Norwegian folk song In Ola Valley in his On Hearing the First Cuckoo in Spring and adapted a Percy Grainger arrangement of a folk song into his Brigg Fair. For 10 points, identify this English composer, a former orange grower whose works include Florida Suite and A Village Romeo and Juliet.
Output: Fine Arts
One governor of this state died in a duel with Lachlan McIntosh, while its royal Governor James Wright was the only British administrator to regain power of a colony during the American Revolution. One of its Loyalist leaders, Thomas Brown, was defeated while holding Fort Cornwallis against Elijah Clarke and Light-Horse Harry Lee. Another engagement saw fatal wounds suffered by Casimir Pulaski in this state, which earlier in 1742 had witnessed the Battle of Bloody Marsh. Home to the patriots Lyman Hall and Button Gwinett, a Supreme Court case voided the conviction of a missionary in this state who refused to obtain a state license to live in Indian Territory. That case prompted the line "John Marshall has made his decision--now let him enforce it!" by Andrew Jackson. FTP, name this state which convicted Samuel Worcester, a colony originally founded by James Oglethorpe.
Output: History
This work's title character commits suicide after receiving a telegram which says "Safe Brindisi. Having a rattling good time. " One character marries Rodney Bayham, while another ends up nurse to a woman who can only say a Latin phrase and "shuttlecocks". Maisie Maidan is the only character with a real heart defect, and the narrator's wife keeps a fake vial of heart medicine, which is in fact prussic acid. (*) Nancy Rufford is the title figure's last affair after he tires with Florence, the narrator's wife, and his marriage to Leonora fails miserably. For 10 points, name this "saddest story," told by John Dowell about Edward Ashburnham and written by Ford Maddox Ford.
Output: Literature
He collaborated on the libretto of William Grant Stills Troubled Island, an opera about political turmoil in Haiti. He also worked on the play Mule Bone, though worked independently on his biography of Marian Anderson and his autobiographical The Big Sea. He portrays Sandys acknowledgement of the realities of life in a small town in his novel Not Without Laughter, but is better known for his poetry collections including Fields of Wonder and Shakespeare in Harlem. For ten points, name this poet of The Weary Blues and The Negro Speaks of Rivers
Output: Literature
It consists of 115 islands and 30 prominent rock formations. Most of the islands are coralline, stretching over a 1,200 kilometer radius from Ile aux Vaches in the north to the Aldabra Atoll in the southwest. Other important islands include Praslin, La Digue, and the main island, Mahe, which contains the capital and only city, Victoria. FTP, name this island nation located northeast of the Comoros and further northeast of Madagascar in the Indian Ocean.
Output: Social Science
This composer wrote the musical ode "Come ye Sons of Art" for the birthday of a monarch and set text by Nicholas Brady to music in his Ode to St. Cecilia. This composer utilized a quartet of Flatt trumpets for a march in another work. In addition to composing music for the funeral of Mary II, this student of (*) John Blow collaborated with Nahum Tate on an opera with an aria addressed to Belinda. This composer's Abdelazar was quoted by Benjamin Britten in The Young Person's Guide to the Orchestra. He wrote an opera containing the aria "When I am laid in earth," which is also called the "lament" of the title Queen of Carthage. For 10 points, name this English Baroque composer of Dido and Aeneas.
Output: Fine Arts
This authors The Little Kingdom centers on a teacher who must win over the leader of his students in order to survive in the classroom, while The Reed Cutter explores a non-sexual mnage a trois. In another novel, a meeting at an art class turns into obsession when an older woman falls in love with a young female student. That work Quicksand was followed by this writers rumination on the clash of tradition and technology in architectural design, In Praise of Shadows. The namesake of his first novel is described as having, Mary Pickfords smile; Gloria Swansons eyes; [and] Bebe Daniels suave affectation, traits that only add to narrator Joji Kawais desire to haver her in Naomi. His best-known work is set in Osaka where four siblings must try to negotiate being modern women. For ten points, identify this author of Some Prefer Nettles and The Makioka Sisters.
Output: Literature
The son of Cleinias and Deinomache, daughter of Megacles, this statesman from the deme of Skambonidai descended though his mother's lineage from the aristocratic family of the Alcmaeonidae. According to Plutarch, his wife, Hipparete, loved him but attempted to divorce him because of his many liaisons with courtesans, and he would even find his way into the bed of Timaia, the queen of Sparta while working for King Agis II. Having a reputation for unruly behavior, a religious scandal was easily associated with him, and under threat of the death penalty, he would flee to Sparta, only to return to the service of his home town in 411 BC. His relationship with Socrates was well known, and it is said that Socrates saved his life at the Battle of Potidaea. FTP, name this exceedingly charismatic Athenian double turncoat who appears in several Socratic dialogues including Protagoras, Symposium, and his namesake dialogues.
Output: Social Science
This country lies at the southern end of the Brenner Pass and contains the Aosta Valley. Lakes Garda and Como are located in this country, and the Adige flows through its province of South Tyrol. One of this country's island possessions lies south of the Tyrrhenian Sea, while another lies across the Strait of Bonifacio from (*) Corsica. Taranto and Trieste are cities in this country, which contains the Dolomites and Apennines and shares Mont Blanc with France. Its Po River flows into the Adriatic Sea, while its Arno River flows past Florence and Pisa. For ten points, name this country which contains cities like Naples, Venice, and Rome.
Output: Social Science
This rulers chief justice was Shigi Qutuqu, and he also appointed the minister Yel Chucai. An account of travels to this rulers court was published as the Journey to the West of the Taoist monk Kiu Chang Chun. This promulgator of the Yasa law code was served by the general Jebe, who died soon after a victory at the Battle of the Kalka River. A prime source for this rulers life is a Secret History, and he rose to power by allying with the Kerait ruler Toghrul before fighting a power struggle with Jamuka. This ruler conquered the Khwarezmid Empire and invaded the Tangut kingdom of Western Xia. This mans general Subotai would go on to serve his son and successor, Ogdi. For 10 points, name this conqueror, born Temjin, who united the steppe tribes and founded the Mongol Empire.
Output: History
During this war, Jorg Jenatsch took control over a controversial court in Valtellina and sentenced the head of the Planta family to be pinned to the floor with an axe, which he then eagerly carried out personally. The resulting Bundner Wirren, or Confusion of the Leagues, had to be put down by Henri de Rohan, whose own revolts during this conflict forced the Treaty of Montpellier. One general in this war was hacked to death in bed by Scotsmen under Walter Leslie. Southern Europe's last major bubonic plague outbreak occurred after the death of three Gonzaga brothers triggered the War of the Mantuan Succession. It saw Spanish tercios win at Nordlingen but fail disastrously at Breitenfeld, leading to the death of the County of Tilly. Wallenstein lost at its Battle of Lutzen, which claimed the life of Gustavus Adolphus. For 10 points, name this massive European conflict resolved by the Peace of Westphalia.
Output: History
In June 2013, scientists found PAHs in this body's atmosphere. The Ligeia and Kraken Mares are found on this body, which undergoes a sort of "anti- greenhouse effect" due to the large concentration of organic molecules. This object, which is in resonance with Hyperion, has an orange smog caused by the breakup of methane in its atmosphere. Methane is also present in this moon's lakes. The Huygens portion of the Cassini-Huygens mission explored this moon. For 10 points, name this moon, the second largest in the solar system and the largest moon of Saturn.
Output: Science
This deity was once assisted by the winds in breaking the fighting spirit of the river Xanthus, or Scamander, thus saving the life of Achilles. His children include a man-eating monster who was killed by Heracles after stealing some of Geryon's cattle from him. This father of Cacus and the Cabeiri gave his apprentice Cedalion to the blind Orion as a guide. This god's consorts include the youngest of the Graces, Aglaia, whose mother Eurynome had cared for him after his ejection by Hera from Mount Olympus. His attempted rape of Athena led to the birth of Erichthonius, while Helios discovered that this god's first wife was having an affair with Ares. For 10 points, identify this husband of Aphrodite, a crippled smith god from Greek mythology.
Output: Social Science
This man used his most famous theory to explain the Holocaust during WWII and the My Lai massacre during the Vietnam conflict. He purported this theory in such works as the article "Nationality and Conformity" and Perils of Obedience. He conducted his studies of conformity with Solomon Asch before conducting his most famous experiment, whose details he analyzed in 1974's Obedience to Authority. FTP, identify this Yale psychologist whose namesake experiment involved electrically shocking the crap out of some people.
Output: Social Science
Haag, Lopuszanski, and Sohnius showed in 1975 that this concept is the maximal possible extension of the Poincare type. It does so without violating the Coleman-Mandula theorem by transforming particles into particles that differ from the original by one-half unit of spin. This prediction of string theory states that at higher energy scales, every boson should have a fermion partner and vice versa. Examples of predicted particles include the selectron and the squark. FTP, identify this idea that results from superstring theory.
Output: Science
He extended the differential geometry of 2D surfaces, developed by his teacher Gauss, generalizing the concept of metrics and geodesics. Thus, in 1854, he almost stumbled on general relativity. He gave his name to the extension of Cauchy's equations in complex analysis and a curvature tensor which contracts to the Ricci tensor. For ten points, what German discovered the zeta function.
Output: Science
In one section of this literary work, the main character is advised that "the immature think that knowledge and action are different, but the wise see them as the same." In this work, an endless dress prevents a princess from being disrobed following a dice game; that princess was won in a contest in which her husband shot a mechanical fish in the eye by seeing only its reflection. This work opens with the birth of Bhishma and tells of the death of Karna at the hands of Arjuna, who chooses to employ Krishna as his charioteer. Much of this work focuses on the rivalry between the Kauravas and the Pandavas. For 10 points, name this Indian epic which contains the Bhagavad-Gita.
Output: Literature
His three novels include Wilson: A consideration of Sources and The Old Religion. His 1972 work about two Jewish men discussing topics about which they lack knowledge, Duck Variations helped cement his reputation as an exponent of new realism, a style with natural language and a limited number of characters. His more recent plays, such as The Cryptogram and The Old Neighborhood, touch on semiautobiographical themes, and he criticized capitalism by portraying the action around a Chicago junk store and its unethical business in American Buffalo. The 1984 Pulitzer Prize winner for a drama about real estate agents, FTP, identify the author of Glengarry Glen Ross.
Output: Literature
This artist married his student Susan Macdowell, whom he painted sitting next to his setter dog Duke. He depicted his father watching Bertrand Gardel and George Holmes participate in the title activity in The Chess Players. In another of his paintings, a victorious wrestler holds his hand to the crowd as he exits the ring. He painted the title pair wearing blue bandanas in one of his many paintings of the Biglin brothers. This painter of Salutat painted a nude woman holding a slab of wood while modeling for William Rush. Many of his paintings depict rowers on the Schuylkill River. He painted himself in a crowded medical gallery watching a femur operation performed by a famous Philadelphia surgeon. For 10 points, name this artist of Max Schmitt in a Single Scull and The Gross Clinic.
Output: Fine Arts
of his paintings shows Fairman Rogers driving a coach with his family, and was inspired by studies in photography. This artist of A May Morning in the Park painted several works showing a sculptor carving various public statues, while another of his paintings shows a man slumped over in the title object as the artist himself vigorously rows toward the background. This painter of portraits of William Rush and Max Schmitt in a Single Scull depicted a woman shrinking away from the central scene of a painting wherein a dissection is observed by students at the Jefferson Medical College. For 10 points, identify this American painter of The Gross Clinic.
Output: Fine Arts
This writer alleged that Ezra Pounds version of hell is not frightening because it is constructed solely for viewing by others and not for the damned, due to Pound having no concept of sin, in his essay After Strange Gods. A play by this man features Lucasta, the secret daughter of Sir Claude Mulhammer, and one of his works notes that at this stage of religious experience the proper prayer is/Teach us to sit still and is partially based on In Exile at Sarzana by Guido Cavalcanti. A lady dressed in white appears in a section by this poet which is inspired by the Valley of Dry Bones from Ezekiel, and this man also wrote the line "tenants of the house/thoughts of a dry brain in a dry season. " For 10 points, name this writer of The Confidential Clerk and Ash Wednesday, who wrote "between the essence and the descent falls the shadow" in a poem that notes "this is the way the world ends/not with a bang but a whimper," "The Hollow Men. "
Output: Literature
One movement of this piece uses a B major capriccioso to represent children quarrelling in the Tuileries. This piece's second movement uses four measures played "velocissimo" and "con tutta forza" to recreate the cry of the deformed "Gnome." Maurice Ravel orchestrated this work, one movement of which describes "The [*] Hut on Fowl's Legs" that belongs to the witch Baba-Yaga. This piece uses "promenades" to represent walking between paintings like The Great Gate of Kiev. Inspired by a showing of Viktor Hartmann's paintings, for 10 points, name this piano suite by Modest Mussorgsky.
Output: Fine Arts
In one of this author's novels, the narrator V. discovers that Nina Lecerf must have had a love affair with his half-brother. This author of The Real Life of Sebastian Knight, also wrote a novel in which the narrator replaces a professor at Waindell University after Dr. Hagen departs for a more prestigious college. Another of his works includes a 999-line poem by (*) John Shade. This author of Pnin wrote about a character who participates in a play called The Enchanted Hunters, which is directed by Clare Quilty. In that novel, Humbert Humbert is obsessed with nymphets like Dolores Haze. For ten points, name this author of Pale Fire and Lolita.
Output: Literature
The first battle in this conflict occurred just outside Calama, and witnessed the demise of Eduardo Abaroa, who made his reputation in that engagement, the Battle of Topte. This conflict began in part due to a tax placed on a nitrate and railway company, and escalated after the outing of an alliance between nations led Mariano Prado and Hilarin Daza. Manuel Gonzlez' victory at Tacna effectively removed Bolivia from this conflict less than a year after forces led by Juan Jose Latorre killed Peruvian naval hero Miguel Grau and captured his ship, the Huscar, at the Battle of Angamos. Officially ended by the Treaty of Ancn, for 10 points, name this conflict, nicknamed the Saltpeter War, which saw Peru ally with Bolivia in a border dispute with Chile over mineral-rich territory.
Output: History
This man wrote the most emblematic novel of a literary movement that was named for a Frederick Klinger play about the American Revolution. A polymath, he also wrote scientific works such as the Essays on the Metamorphosis of Plants and a Theory of Colors. A homunculus suggests the idea of summoning Helen of Troy to Mephistopheles, who tempts Faust, in one of his plays. For 10 points, name this German Sturm und Drang author who wrote of the suicide of Lotte's lover in The Sorrows of Young Werther.
Output: Fine Arts
Frederick Charles of Hesse was very briefly proclaimed king of this country in 1918, and a war named for this country was concluded with the Treaty of Fredrikshamn. This country employed motti tactics to win the Battle of Raate Road, and it cooperated with Germany in Operation Silver Fox against Murmansk. A group called the Activists assassinated Nikolay Bobrikov during this country's struggle for independence. The Soviet Union's post-war boundaries were formally acknowledged at a 1975 set of (*) accords named for this nation's capital. This country fought in the Continuation War after giving up control of the Hanko Peninsula. During World War II, it was led by Carl Mannerheim and lost the Winter War to the Soviets. For 10 points, name this Scandinavian country with capital at Helsinki.
Output: History
This piece was requested by Bernard Scholz, although the composer ignored his request not to orchestrate it heavily, and Hugo Alfvn used it as inspiration for the Uppsala Rhapsody. This piece includes a bassoon solo playing "Wir hatten gebauet ein stattliches Haus", and a similar song, "Fuchslied", is also featured. The highly evocative finale of this piece utilizes the song Gaudeamus igitur and evokes rapture and common German drinking songs. This piece was written as a companion piece to its composers earlier Tragic Overture. For ten points, identify this piece which was written in thanks for an honorary doctorate from the University of Breslau, which was written by Johannes Brahms.
Output: Fine Arts
A proposed mechanism for this reaction involves radical anions and zinc carbenoid intermediates, and pinacols are often produced as side products. An amalgamated mercury is present, with the mercury acting only as a clean surface for the reaction, while the metal it binds with functions as the reductant in a hydroxyl solution of HCl or another mineral acid. Commonly used after a Friedel-Crafts acylation to produce an alkyl final product, this acidic counterpart to the strongly basic Wolf-Kishner reduction uses amalgamated zinc. FTP name this reaction named after a Danish-American chemist, which is the reduction of a carbonyl group of a ketone to a methylene group.
Output: Science
It features a distinction between palpable gold and gold that can be imbibed, while a song in this work begins "Fools, they are the only nation / worth's men's envy or admiration. " One character refers to himself as the Pantalone di besognioni and calls others Flaminio and Franciscina, all three of which are from the comedia dell'arte. Another character discusses the "spy baboons" of Asia and the cabbages used to deliver Netherlandish messages in the 2nd act of this work, in which a different character hides in a tortoise shell once he is convinced that the man he previously talked to might lie by him selling Venice to the Turks. Bonario and Celia eventually are saved by the protagonist, who is served by Androgyno and Castrone. Because Corvino has a wife Celia that interests him, Corbaccio and Voltore engage in dealing with the title character served by Mosca. For ten points, name this play in which the title foxy character tries weasel his way into wealth, written by Ben Jonson.
Output: Literature
The spurning of Madame Hohlakov proves to have tragic effects. Near the end, most are entertained by Ippolit Kirillovitch's speech, while his opponent Fetyukovitch claims that Mitya has been attempting to repay Katerina Ivanovna and that the 3000 rubles never existed. A subplot involves the antipathy of Father Ferapont for Father Zossima and discussions include "The Legend of the Grand Inquisitor. "  The testimonies of Grigory and Grushenka prove damning as Smerdyakov had committed suicide without revealing the truth. FTP, name this Dostoevsky novel, featuring Alyosha, Ivan and Dmitri.
Output: Literature
This god is similar to a Mayan deity of kingship known as God K. This god is called Tepeyollotl when he takes the form of the animal associated with him. The stars of the Great Bear constellation are the footprints left by this god as he tried to approach the polar star. In a ceremony dedicated to this deity, a young man would be treated like a god for one year and then sacrificed. During the creation of the world, this god ripped off the jaw of the monster Cipactli, whose body became the Earth, but not before that monster bit off his foot. This creator of the first dogs is married to Xilonen, the goddess of corn, and this god was depicted with black and orange stripes. He ruled the world of the first sun, but was overthrown and turned into a Jaguar. He is the god of the North and of obsidian and is sometimes nicknamed for the object in his chest. For ten points, name this Lord of the Smoking Mirror, the evil brother of Quetzalcoatl.
Output: Social Science
According to Pausanias, one of this mans grandsons spends eternity weaving a rope that is constantly eaten by a donkey. That grandson of this man, Ocnus, also founded Mantua, which he named after his mother, this mans daughter, Manto. This son of Everes and Chariclo died after being struck by Apollos arrow while drinking at the spring Telphussa. One story claims that he was given the ability to understand birdsong in reparation for a curse hed received after stumbling upon Athena bathing. He received another punishment after hitting a mating pair of snakes with his staff, after which he was settled a bet between Zeus and Hera by stating that women enjoy sex more than men. For 10 points, name this figure who spent seven years as a woman, a blind prophet of Thebes.
Output: Social Science
This artist once depicted an eagle eying a female figure who raises her hand to the beard of a god to protest her son's fate. In another of his works, a man has his left foot on a rock and points pensively to a winged figure. Those works are Jupiter and Thetis and Oedipus and the Sphynx. In a late work, this artist painted nude women surrounding a figure with her back turned that he had earlier shown in The (*) Valpincon Bather. A man presents a lyre to the title Greek poet, who is being crowned by a winged figure, in his The Apotheosis of Homer. In another of his works, the main figure holds a fan of peacock feathers as she lays on a divan gazing over her shoulder; that woman has an elongated back. For 10 points, name this painter of La Grande Odalisque.
Output: Fine Arts
This city was legendarily founded by Queen Elissa after her exile from Tyre. After one defeat, its lands were sowed with salt to prevent it from rising again. Cato the Elder ended each of his speeches in the senate by demanding that this city be destroyed. This city's Magonid dynasty included several rulers named Hasdrubal and Hanno, and its leader Hamilcar was surpassed by a son who crossed the Alps with elephants. For 10 points, name this city led by Hannibal which rivaled Rome in the Punic Wars.
Output: History
Early in his career, this man took an epithet symbolized by three circlets forming a triangle. Anthropologist Mikhail Gerasimov exhumed this man's corpse three days before the Nazis launched Operation Barbarossa, reflecting the supposed curse of his mausoleum Gur-e Amir. This man joined forces with his brother-in-law Husayn to defeat Ilyas Khoja, but then betrayed him and besieged him in Balkh. He later defeated Mahmud Tughluq and laid waste to Delhi in the Battle of Panipat. In his final expedition, he killed 20,000 inhabitants of Baghdad, en route to smashing Bayezid I before returning to his capital in present-day Uzbekistan. FTP, name this Turko-Mongol conqueror who ruled from Samarkand.
Output: History
This god was suckled by a male boar and seawater when he was born at the edge of the Nine  Worlds. In the Lokesenna,  Loki says that this god has a muddy back and this god is also said to be the palest of all the gods. The name Gullintanni refers to this god's golden teeth. This god fathered the  three (*) castes of man when he took the form of Rig. This god retrieves the Brisingamen for Freyja by transforming into a seal and defeating Loki. This god arrives at Baldr's funeral upon his horse Gulltopr  and he wields the sword Hofund. This god is the son of nine mothers and kills and is killed by Loki at  Ragnarok. For 10 points, name this Norse god that sounds his Gjallarhorn to signal Ragnarok, and is the  guardian of Bifrost.
Output: Social Science
One composer from this country wrote a violin fantasy on the opera Carmen. One composer from this country dedicated a five-instrument concerto to Wanda Landowska and wrote the Atlantis cantata. One composer from this country wrote a difficult four-book piano suite opening with an A-minor evocation of this nation, and one symphonie set in this country was written by douard Lalo. This country was the setting of a ballet in which the miller and his wife trick a magistrate. Iberia and The Three-Cornered Hat were set in, for 10 points, what country, whose classical music was composed by Manuel de Falla
Output: Fine Arts
This composer's chamber works include a single-movement piece in C minor usually known as the Quartettsatz, as well as a sonata in A minor for arpeggione and piano. His Rondo in A Major and Fantasy in F minor are major four-handed works for piano, and like Rachmaninoff he composed a set of four Moments musicaux for solo piano. "Die Leiermann" closes another work whose movements include "Auf dem Flusse" and "Der Lindenbaum," and the song "Die Forelle" is the basis for one movement of a piece that substitutes a double bass for the usual second violin. For 10 points, name this composer of Die Winterreise, the Trout Quintet, and the Unfinished Symphony.
Output: Fine Arts
The radiation per unit solid angle of a wave undergoing this process varies with the cosine of the angle between the line of sight and the perpendicular. Lambert's emission law applies to the directionally independent form of this process, in which a microscopically rough interface causes it to occur in many different angles in the "diffuse" type of this phenomenon. The "specular" variety of this process is modeled by a law which states that the angle of incidence equals this process's namesake angle. For 10 points, name this optical phenomenon in which a wavefront rebounds off of a surface, often facilitated by mirrors.
Output: Science
This artist painted a shield with a belly up frog emblazoned on it followed by the title figure in his version of Christ Carrying the Cross. He showed a sneaky man with his nose in the air stealing a purse from a character engaged in a demonstration involving two cups and metallic balls in The Conjuror. Another of his paintings includes calligraphic text announcing "my name is Lubbert Das" as a woman balances a book on her head and a man with a metal funnel hat completes the title action in The Extraction of the Stone of Madness. In another of his works a long yellow banner flies over a man who tries to cut a roasted bird off a mast and he painted a triptych in which a wagon loaded up with hay crushes some sinners. For 10 points name this painter of The Ship of Fools and The Haywain who painted a triptych in which debauchery involving giant food and animals in the central panel leads to the torture of the right panel, the Netherlandish artist of The Garden of Earthly Delights.
Output: Fine Arts
This ruler set up a system of authority and law in his namesake Capitulary. A biography of this ruler was written by Einhard. This ruler originally split lands with his brother Carloman after the death of his father, Pepin the Short. This man was unexpectedly crowned while kneeling to pray in St. Peter's Basilica on Christmas by Pope Leo III, becoming by that action ""Emperor of the Romans"" in the year 800. For 10 points, name this grandson of Charles Martel and Carolingian ruler who greatly expanded the Frankish empire.
Output: History
This country's paluumuuto law has allowed for the repatriation of Ingrians to this nation since the early 1990s. One president of this country was re-elected after his opponent, Honka, withdrew following the "Note Crisis", which was prompted by pressure from the Soviet Union, with whom this country signed the YYA Treaty. An earlier agreement with the Soviets saw this nation lease Porkkala as a military base, thus eliminating Russia's need for this nation's Hanko Peninsula. Prior to leading this country through the Lapland War, Carl Mannerheim negotiated that agreement, the Moscow Armistice. The Winter War was fought between the USSR and, for 10 points, what Scandinavian country with capital at Helsinki.
Output: History
This was the birthplace of the traveling philosopher Altheides. The last and perhaps most famous person to hold the title of queen of this place was Catherine Cornaro, as the wife of James the Bastard. Another key figure in the history of this place took the name Dighenis. Its independence was ensured by the Zurich and London Agreement and its first vice president became Dr. Fazil Kucuk. The EOKA movement was led here by George Grivas and promoted the notion of enosis, and a 1974 coup here by Sampson overthrew the rule of Makarios III. After the capture of Famagusta in 1571, it was transferred to Ottoman rule from its former status as a Crusader state. FTP, name this Mediterranean island disputed between Greece and Turkey.
Output: History
This composer wrote an opera based on a Henrik Hertz play named Iolanta. Another of his operas features a "Letter aria" and centers on the daughters of Madame Larina. His final completed symphony references the Orthodox requiem and includes a limping waltz in 5/4. A more famous composition by this composer of Symphony (*) Pathetique ends with the hymn "God Save the Tsar" after suppressing the anthem "La Marseillaise," which represents Napoleon's attack on Russia. For ten points, name this Russian composer who showed the death of Lensky in his opera Eugene Onegin and used cannon fire in his 1812 Overture.
Output: Fine Arts
In one of this composer's works, an allegro vivo theme represents a green coat and red shoes being made on a poplar branch. This composer wrote an opera about the exiled Bohu, who returns to his father in Paris, called The Jacobin, as well as symphonic variations on "The Fiddler. " This composer's piano music includes two sets of Silhouettes and a cycle of Humoresques, and he composed a widely performed cello concerto in B minor. This composer's fourth piano trio is known as "Dumky," and he incorporated the spiritual "Goin' Home" in a symphony that used the pentatonic scale and snap rhythms to represent Native Americans. For 10 points, name the composer of the American string quartet the symphony From the New World.
Output: Fine Arts
Two of them are depicted with a canopy of snake-hoods overhead; in one case, the snake-hoods represent shelter given by Dharana against attacks from the rain or from stones. That one had earlier saved the lives of two snakes who were being burnt alive unwittingly by a sage practicing the pancagni-tapa ritual and is usually shown with attendants called yaksa and yaksi. Depictions of these figures in one (*) sect are generally nude. Vasupujya and three others were the only ones not delivered at Sameta Sikhara; those three were also the only ones to attain moksha while seated in lotus position. Among those three is Mahavira, the last. For 10 points, identify these figures who achieve enlightenment through ascetic practices then impart their knowledge to others, the teachers of Jainism.
Output: Social Science
In one poem, this man recalls seeing a "witches' broth" of "assorted characters of death and blight/mixed ready to begin the morning right." Another of this man's poems, titled after a line from Macbeth, sees a young child fatally injured when a saw "leaped out at the boy's hand." This author of "Out, Out--" and (*) "Design" notes that "one could do worse than be a swinger of" the title trees in "Birches." He criticizes a man who claims that "good fences make good neighbors" in "Mending Wall." For 10 points, name this American poet of "Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening" and "The Road not Taken."
Output: Literature
Posttranscriptional insertions and deletions of uridine residues occur in these structures in trypanosomes. These structures are adversely affected in Barth syndrome due to a defect in the biosynthesis of cardiolipin. Other diseases associated with them include Friedreich's ataxia and Kearns-Sayre syndrome. Damage to them results in the formation of a permeability transition pore and can trigger (*) apoptosis through the release of cytochrome c. They may contain thermogenin when found in brown fat, and they contain the malate shuttle, which regenerates NADH inside them. FTP name these organelles that contain F0F1 ATP synthase and that are the sites of the citric acid cycle and the electron transport chain, generating energy for the cell.
Output: Science
The switchboard operator Madelaine argues with her husband about how to get rid of a constantly growing corpse in the next room in this authors playAmde. The title character lures people to their death by offering to show them a picture of the colonel in hisThe Killer. The Orator is a deaf mute who is left alone after the Old Man and Old Woman jump out windows in this author's playThe Chairs.This author used the recurring character of Berenger inExit the Kingand a play in which Berenger's girlfriend Daisy and the rest of the world transform into the title horned animals. For 10 points, name this Romanian-French playwright whose absurdist works includeThe Bald SopranoandRhinoceros. 
Output: Literature
One of its symbols is the Ringstone, a diagram of arcs inscribed in a nine-pointed star. Its holiest site is in Akko, Israel, the Qibilh, while its most important tablet is in the shape of a pentacle. All those between the ages of 15 and 70 must fast for 19 days, and 19 features prominently in of its festivals, the Nineteen Days Feasts, as well as its calendar of 19 months and 19 days. Its guiding principle is the belief that all the worlds prophets have been manifestations of the same divine being. Nearly 5 percent of Belize adheres to it though India has the largest number of followers. In Iran, it is seen as a heresy to Islam, and one of its founders is honored on July 9, the date he was executed on in 1850. FTP, name this religion that the Bab and Bahaullah founded.
Output: Social Science