niryuu/sni-each-converted huggingface dataset:
One youth in this work is notably called "Della-croy" by his comrades Bobby and Harry while playing with some rocks. Clyde Dunbar is missing due to a broken leg, but his son Horace is only 16, so Janey has to take over for him. Mrs. Graves remarks that "Time sure goes fast" and "Seems like we got through with the last one only last week" about the central event. Old Man Warner opposes its abolishment, while Mr. Summers just wants a new box. Mr. Martin and his son Baxter help set it up, after which Adams, Watson, and others come forward to participate. Eventually it is ended when Mr. Hutchison receives a black dot, which leads to his wife's stoning. FTP name this story about a fatal game of chance by Shirley Jackson.
Output: Literature
One of his early works, "The Massacre at Paris" was inspired by the influx of Huguenot refuges to his hometown, Canterbury. While at college in Cambridge, he was almost certainly recruited by Sir Francis Walsingham to serve as a British spy, and possibly worked to forestall the assassination of Queen Elizabeth by uncovering the Babington Plot. His alleged atheism and connections to an intellectual society headed by Sir Walter Raleigh tainted his literary reputation , though he was popular in London as member of the Admiral's Men company. An exact contemporary of Shakespeare, he has been posited as an alternative author for the Shakespearian sonnets. For ten points, identify this Elizabethan dramatist, author of Dido Queen of Carthage, the Jew of Malta, and Tamburlaine the Great.
Output: Literature
This artist proposed an S-shaped ""line of beauty,"" which can be seen in his self-portrait The Painter and his Pug. He depicted the fates of two apprentices in a series of engravings titled Industry and Idleness. Another of his series includes such works as The Tete a Tete (TET ah TET) and warns against the dangers of money. This British satirist of (*) Marriage a-la-mode is better known for another series of paintings chronicling Tom's descent into Bedlam. For 10 points, name this artist of A Rake's Progress.
Output: Fine Arts
The same year that he married Johana Rahn he published two anonymous political works, the more important of which was Contribution to the Correction of the Public's Judgement Concerning the French Revolution, which argued that liberty was inextricable from being. He responded to Korberg on religion in his essay On the Grounds of our Belief in a Divine Government of the Universe. Later works by this man turned more introspective and include The Characteristics of the Present Age and The Vocation of Man. In Foundation of the Complete Theory of Knowledge he reacted to Kant, by extending his philosophy and emphasizing the ego. FTP, identify this philosopher, best known the patriotic Letters to the German Nation and his Attempt at a Critique of All Revelation.
Output: Social Science
These people created a linen-based book named for its current location in Zagreb, which was discovered with a mummy in Egypt. Elongated sculptural figures made by these creators of the Liber Linteus were a primary influence on Giacometti's Walking Man, and these people also created a bronze model of a sheep's liver found at Piacenza. These victors at Alalia lost a major city when Camillus breached its sewers. One of their kings survived an assassination attempt by Gaius Mucius Scaevola, who thrust his hand into a flame to show his resolve; that king was Lars Porsenna of Clusium. Veii was part of this civilization, which produced the Roman Tarquin dynasty. For 10 points, name these ancient Italian people based in Tuscany who served as an early rival to the Romans.
Output: History
This figure is killed after he is offered a meal of dog meat which he cannot refuse, and he ties himself to a rock in order to remain standing upright after he is struck by a spear. He is sent to the Fort of Shadows to be trained by Scathach, and defeats Scathachs twin sister Aife while there. After returning, Forgall allows him to marry Emer, but Cathbad would sleep between them on their first night by decree of Conchobar mac Nessa. He distinguished himself at the age of 17 by single-handedly defeating the army of Connacht using a spear that sings for the blood of its enemies, and obtained his name when he killed a dog belonging to a blacksmith. Also known as Setanta, FTP, name this 14-pupiled, 14-fingered, 14-toed wielder of the Gae Bulga and hero of the Cattle Raid of Cooley, an Irish folk hero and main character of the Ulster Cycle.
Output: Social Science
Death by hanging was the sentence handed down by Judge Joseph Gary to seven of eight men brought to trial over this incident. Matthias Degan and seven others died from a related incident stemming from demonstrations on Randolph Street for an eight-hour workday. Nine fatalities resulted from this event, one of which was a shooting death taking place in front of the McCormick Harvester Plant. Three surviving convicts were pardoned by Governor John Altgeld in 1893 for want of a fair trial. FTP, name this riot of May 4, 1876 in which a bomb thrown by anarchists in a Chicago Plaza was used to discredit the Knights of Labor.
Output: History
This effect can be used to measure the velocity width term of the Tully-Fisher relation, and, with the Mossbauer effect, a tower at the Jefferson Laboratory was used by Pound and Rebka to test a variety of it. Canal ray tubes were used by Ives and Stilwell to investigate the transverse version of this effect. The introduction of the Lorentz factor as the inverse of the square root of one minus the ratio of the velocity of the source and the speed of light allows for the calculation of the relativistic form of this effect, which can be used to measure the radial velocity of galaxies with blueshift and redshift. For 10 points, name this effect responsible for the frequency change of a passing siren.
Output: Science
Martin Fleischman used pyridine adsorbed on silver which had been electrochemically roughened to develop this phenomenon's surface-enhanced variety, and conjugated molecules with large dipole moments can produce a stronger form of this phenomenon's hyper version. One of the byproducts of its stimulated variety can be amplified to produce a namesake laser. Discovered in crystals by Grigory Landsberg and Leonid Mandelstam, its linearly polarized and circularly polarized radiation is governed by the Stokes parameters. Divided into Stokes and anti-Stokes varieties, FTP, name this inelastic scattering of a photon named for its Indian discoverer.
Output: Science
One group depicted in this text went on a 344-day voyage, and Coriantumr was that group's last living descendant. One character in this text studies a record written by Zeniff. It was supposedly originally translated using a pair of seer stones called Urim and Thummim, which were placed in a top hat. This text was originally written in unknown characters referred to as (*) "Reformed Egyptian." In the first chapters of the book, which is supposedly the record of Manasseh's descendants, a family is led out of Jerusalem before the Babylonians overtake the ancient city. After the family makes it to the new Promised Land, their descendants divide into the Nephites and the Lamanites. This text's book of Third Nephi details Jesus Christ's visit to the Americas after his resurrection and his establishment of a peaceful society. For 10 points, name this sacred text of the Latter Day Saints.
Output: Social Science
A very early text from this country concerns a government functionary who flees to Israel after hearing of a murder plot against the king. A later text tells of a brother, Bata, who is rewarded with a wife made out of clay by the god Khnum, although that wife later betrays him. An author from this country wrote a novel about a man who smokes hashish to forget his government's hypocrisy. That man also wrote of Kamal, the son of Al-Sayyid Ahmad Abd al- Jawad, in a series that included Palace Walk, Palace of Desire, and Sugar Street. For 10 points, name this country, the setting of Naguib Mahfouz's Cairo Trilogy.
Output: History
class of class of compounds includes the amino acid cysteine, and many members are colorless with the odor of garlic. For 15 points, name these sulfur analogs to alcohols, marked by the presence of a sulfhydryl group.
Output: Science
A toccata recapitulates the theme of the rondo in the Precipitato movement of one of this man's works, which features a slow movement in Andante Caloroso. Another work features use of the Locrian mode in the Vivo fifth movement and opens with an allegro con brio. Besides his seventh piano sonata in B flat major, counted amongst his "War Sonatas", and his fifth piano concerto in G major, a gavotte replaces a minuet in this man's first symphony, intended to imitate Haydn's style. This composer of (*) The Fiery Angel drew from his Ala I Lolli for his Scythian Suite, and composed for his best-known suite a second movement, "Romance," in which the title officer gets married. For 10 points, name this Russian composer of the Classical symphony and the Lieutenant Kije suite, also known for Love for Three Oranges and Peter and the Wolf.
Output: Fine Arts
A commission from the Erard company resulted in this composer's Introduction and Allegro for string quartet, clarinet, flute, and harp. Ricardo Vines publicly premiered a work by this man that was inspired by Liszt's Fountains of the Villa d'Este. Percy Grainger orchestrated "The Valley of Bells", the final movement in a suite by this man that also includes "Oiseaux tristes". This man called for a sopranino saxophone in F in a work that was popularized in an extremely (*) fast performance by Arturo Toscanini. This composer of Jeux d'eau and Miroirs omitted the fifth "Promenade" in his orchestration of Mussorgsky's Pictures at an Exhibition. In his most famous work, a melody in C starts in the flutes and is passed from instrument to instrument, constantly crescendoing, over an ostinato snare drum. For 10 points, name this French composer of Bolero.
Output: Fine Arts
This author wrote a novel in which the title character becomes "Comrade Arlette" and generally toys with the protagonist, Ricardo, as he travels around the world as an interpreter. In addition to The Bad Girl, he wrote a work that opens with a murdered singer hanging from a tree, and revolves around the efforts of Lituma and Silva to find the killer of the title character. This author also wrote a novel in which the title character seeks to supply the title assistance to soldiers serving in the Amazon. The author of Who Killed Palomino Molero and Captain Pantoja and the Special Service, for 10 points, who is this author of a work based on his first marriage, Aunt Julia and the Scriptwriter
Output: Literature
Works by this author include one in which Peter Willems gets greedy and lustful and ruins himself. He also wrote a novel in which the title character tries to inherit Captain Lingard's wealth, and instead ends up alone, broke, and insane. In addition to An Outcast of the Islands and Almayer's Folly, this author wrote a novel in which the title character can't escape a past incident on a ship, which eventually results in his death at the hands of Doramin. He also wrote a work in which the "pilgrims", so named for the wooden staves they carry, seek to exploit the natives for their own benefit. For 10 points, name this author of Lord Jim who also wrote about Marlow and Kurtz in Heart of Darkness.
Output: Literature
The Kapuas River is the longest river on this island, the site of Gunung Mulu National Park. Its province of East Kalimantan contains the cities of Samarinda and Balikpapan. This island's Crocker Range contains its highest point, Mount(*) Kinabalu. One country owns the provinces of Sabah and Sarawak on this island. This island lies across the Makassar Strait from Sulawesi and is directly north of Java. A small principality on this island has its capital at Bandar Seri Begawan. For 10 points, name this island, split between Brunei, Malaysia, and Indonesia.
Output: Social Science
The title character in one of this author's plays transforms from an old woman to a young girl when Michael Gillane abandons Delia Cahel to fight for her. This author of Cathleen Ni Houlihan laments that(*) "a terrible beauty is born" in one poem. One of his poems tells of leaving a place that "is no country for old men", while another asks "What rough beast... slouches towards Bethlehem to be born". For 10 points, name this Irish author of "Easter, 1916", "Sailing to Byzantium", and "The Second Coming."
Output: Literature
One of his poems notes that the increase of men and plants is Cheered and cheque'd even by the self-same sky. Two longer poems dedicated to the Earl of Southampton respectively concern a woman given the name of chaste, which unhapply set / This bateless edge on his keen appetite, and a man who Hunting he loved, but love he laughed to scorn. An excerpt from one of his larger works provides the subtitle for Edward Albees The Goat and asks, What is she / that all our swains commend her One of his sonnets describes Bare ruined choirs where late the sweet birds sang, and another claims Love is not love / Which alters when it alteration finds. For 10 points, name this author of The Rape of Lucrece and Venus and Adonis, whose song Who is Silvia is found in his play Two Gentlemen of Verona.
Output: Literature
One of this author's poems begins "Flood-tide below me! I see you face to face!" while another concludes by saying that "All attitudes, all the shapeliness...of any one's body, male or female...I say now these are the Soul!" This author of Crossing Brooklyn Ferry and I Sing the Body Electric also wrote a poem in which the title character "does not answer, his lips are pale and dead" and one about sounding his "barbaric yawp over the roofs of the world." For 10 points, name this poet who included Song of Myself in Leaves of Grass and wrote O Captain! My Captain!
Output: Literature
Kleppner used a modification of this experiment to power the first hydrogen MASER, and Isodor Rabi used another modification of the apparatus to discover his namesake oscillation, which is used in MRI imaging. The results of this experiment were solved by Goudsmith and Uhlenbeck, and it was initially used to test between the classical theory of the atom and the Bohr-Sommerfeld theory. In the original experiment, a furnace was used to generate a beam of silver atoms that were fired through an inhomogenous magnetic field, leading two spots to appear on the detector. FTP, name this experiment that demonstrated spin quantization, conducted by two German physicists.
Output: Science
This man gave a lecture about psychology claiming that "Introspection forms no essential part of its methods. " His 1928 work Psychological Care of the Infant and Child is no longer considered a standard text, and ironically he himself later claimed he didn't know enough to write it. With his assistant Rosalie Raynor, this man conducted an experiment in which he struck a metal pipe with a hammer to scare an infant into associating that fear with a pet rat. resulting in the child fearing all white fluffy things. FTP name this author of the book named for his psychological beliefs, Behaviorism.
Output: Literature
A mass extinction at the end of the Ordovician period is suggested to have been caused by one of these. In 2000, NASA launched the High Energy Transient Explorer 2 to detect them as their signals reach earth so ground observers can better study them. About a million times more numerous than supernovae, they are thought to be the result of a collapse of super-massive stars or collision between compact objects like a black hole and a neutron star. For ten points, name these astronomical phenomena that release a large amount of its namesake radiation.
Output: Science
Lisi defined a "universal reservoir" for a quantum mechanical analogue of this quantity, which can be produced by Wick rotations on a Feynman path integral. One principle describing this quantity can be unified with the maximum entropy principle since path uncertainty can be measured by the Shannon information. General relativity uses the Einstein-Hilbert type of this quantity which yields the Einstein field equations, and the shape of the trajectory of this quantity over two specific endpoints is determined through Maupertuis' principle. The Euler-Lagrange equation for this quantity of a system yields the evolution of a classical system, and the functional derivative of this quantity with respect to generalized coordinates goes to zero in accordance with Hamilton's principle. For 10 points, identify this quantity which is defined as the time integral over a given path of the Lagrangian of a system, and is symbolizes S.
Output: Science
This philosopher noted that no one who jumps out of a burning building is accused of committing suicide in a version of his most famous work, and included descriptions of the sights of Paris in his semi-autobiographical Reveries of a Solitary Walker. This man contrasted amour de soi with amour propre in a work which also compares people who are born stronger with people who fence in plots of land. This author of Discourse on Inequality described how he would raise and educate the imaginary title savage in his treatise on (*) education titled Emile, and also popularized the concept of the general will. For ten points, which Swiss-French philosopher observed that "man was born free, and he is everywhere in chains" in On the Social Contract
Output: Social Science
As president, this man shut down the Second Bank of the United States. This president had a group of friends and advisers called the "kitchen cabinet." This victor at the Battle of New Orleans forced the removal of the Cherokee from their land by signing the Indian Removal Act. For 10 points, name this man nicknamed "Old Hickory," the seventh president.
Output: History
Vincenzo Scamozzi completed a work of this man found across from St. Mark's. The Foscari, Sarego, and Godi are some of the examples of his most characteristic genre, but perhaps his most famous (*) design was for Giulio Capra at Vicenza. This creator of San Giorgio Maggiore and author of The Four Books of Architecture inspired the shape of Monticello. For 10 points name this designer of the Villa Rotonda.
Output: Fine Arts
The second king of this country, who started the International African Association and worked with Henry Stanley to establish a colony called the Congo Free State, was Leopold II. During World War I, several battles were fought near its town of Ypres, which is in its (*) Flanders region. This country gained its independence in 1830 from the Netherlands. For 10 points, Walloons and Flemings live in what country whose capital is Brussels
Output: History
Among his first projects in the public realm was the New York State Theater, but after that construction he rejected his earlier style, leading to works like the neo-gothic PPG Place in Pittsburgh, and stainless steel prisms surround the Bell Tower of his Crystal Cathedral. His collaborations with John Burgee include the Puerta de Europa in Madrid and a building in New York City which features the so-called "Chippendale" pediment. That building was originally named for AT&T, and this man is perhaps most famous for his own residence in New Canaan, Connecticut, built in collaboration with Richard Foster. FTP, name this American architect who built the Glass House and who with Mies van der Rohe designed the Seagram Building.
Output: Fine Arts
One analogue of this quantity, designed for use in concentrated solutions, is equal to -19 for a certain mixture that contains antimony pentafluoride. One equation for this quantity, which may be derived by rearranging the defining equation for "K sub a", is called the Henderson- Hasselbalch equation. Under standard conditions, this quantity is half the self-ionization constant pKw. This quantity is defined as the negative logarithm of the concentration of hydronium ions in a solution. For 10 points, name this quantity which can be crudely measured using indicators like phenolphthalein, and which is 7 for neutral solutions and less for acids.
Output: Science
figure's death was confirmed when a raven landed on his shoulder, as he had strapped himself to a stone in order to remain standing. His death was set into motion after a goddess in disguise tricked him into eating dog meat. Although he is not Sir Gawain, this man once entered into a beheading contest with a demon. This man learned the art of fighting with the (*) gae bulg from the warrior woman Scathach along with his foster-brother Ferdiad, whom he fought at a ford for three days. This son of Deichtine and Lugh had fourteen pupils, fingers, and toes. He once killed a smith's guard dog, and after offering to make amends by taking its place, this husband of Emer had his name changed from Setanta. For 10 points, name this hero who fought Maeve during the Cattle Raid of Cooley.
Output: Social Science
This quantity is equal to the cross product of dipole moment and electric field, and an epicyclic mechanism including "sun" and "planet" gears "multiply" it. Varignon proved that this is additive when applied at the same point. Power is the scalar product of this quantity and omega, or angular velocity. Work is the integral of this quantity with respect to theta, and a lever in rotational equilibrium has a net value of zero for this quantity. This quantity can be measured by newton-meters or joules per radian, and is denoted by the letter tau. For 10 points, name this time derivative of angular momentum and rotational analogue of force, which is the cross product of lever arm and force.
Output: Science
A formula named for this man and Bonnet (bahn-ay) states that the surface integral for a namesake curvature over a Riemannian manifold is equal to 2 pi times the Euler characteristic, while an algorithm named for him and Legendre is used to compute the digits of pi. Complex numbers whose real and imaginary parts are both integers are known as this mans integers. A certain error function closely related to the normal distribution is also named after him, and he proved that an n-gon is constructible when n is divisible by a Fermat prime, but he is better known for a law which states that the net electric flux is proportional to the charge enclosed by the surface. For 10 points, identify this German mathematician who is the namesake of a unit of flux density.
Output: Science
This group's ultimate defeat came as a consequence of the 13 Years War, and they were opposed by the Lizard League. Despite fighting the Cumans under Andrew II, they were cast out of Hungary and made their way to the Vistula to help Conrad of Mazovia. They acquired the Order of the Brothers of the Sword in 1237. Originally formed as a hospital for the sick during the Third Crusade by some merchants from Lubek and Bremen, they were famously defeated at the First Battle of Tannenberg. For 10 points, name this medieval German crusading order.
Output: History
The Lorentzian profile due to the natural broadening of spectral lines is due to this statement. Mandelshtam and Tamm used a general observable operator to reformulate an alternative to this statement and other forms of it detail the relation between the phase of the Ginzberg-Landau parameter and the number of electrons in a superconductor. This statement can be viewed as a special case of the Robertson-Schrodinger inequality, and the canonical commutation relation of quantum mechanics can be used to arrive at this relation in its most familiar form. This statement from quantum mechanics comes in energy-time and position-momentum varieties. For 10 points, what statement, named for a German physicist, says that no two non-commuting observables can be simultaneously measured to infinitely high precision
Output: Science
The blende of this element is used as a model crystal structure for semiconductors like indium\n phosphide. In one reaction, this element is used with alpha-halo esters to condense ketones or aldehydes to\n form beta-hydroxy-esters. When coupled with copper, this element reacts with alkenes to yield a\n cyclopropane. Those reactions are named for Reformatsky and Simmons-Smith. Found in the ore\n sphalerite, this element and hydrochloric acid reduce ketones to alkanes in the Clemmensen reduction. In\n proteins, this element makes "gag-knuckles," "treble-clefs," and other structures known as "fingers."\n Galvanized steel is coated in this element, and brass is an alloy of copper and this element. For 10 points,\n name this element with number 30 and symbol Zn.
Output: Science
The SLIM experiment at Chacaltaya in Bolivia is an attempt to discover intermediate-mass ones; another bound comes from a Radio Ice Cherenkov Experiment at the South Pole. On Valentine's Day in 1982, a possible but unconfirmed signal of one was recorded by Blas Cabrera. JJ Thomson showed that a static configuration of one separated from an electric charge by some distance has a classical angular momentum along the line between them. Restricting this angular momentum to be a multiple of one-half h-bar leads to the Dirac quantization condition, which is one way to understand why they famously could explain the quantization of electric charge. Another explanation involves Dirac strings. For 10 points, name this theoretical object that produces a B field similar to the E field produced by a point charge.
Output: Science
One clan that sacrificed to this god mingled human entrails with that of an animal's at Mount Lykaion (LIKE-ey-on). This deity was granted one attribute out of gratitude for release from imprisonment by the Cyclopes. Guises assumed by this deity include a shower of gold and a swan. Children of this deity include Helen of Troy, along with Castor and Pollux. This god forced his father, (*) Cronus, to vomit up this deity's siblings, which included Demeter, Hades, Poseidon, and his wife, Hera. For 10 points, name this thunder god and head of the Greek pantheon.
Output: Social Science
Lord Normanby advised one of its signatories to not "purchase...any territory". The recipient of this advice, William Hobson, gathered negotiators in the Bay of Islands. According to it rangatiratanga was preserved and land ownership was protected. The English word 'sovereignty' gave translators trouble, but it was translated 'kawanatanga' or governance. In the third article royal protection and full citizenship was granted to the Maori. For 10 points, name this New Zealand land treaty signed in February 1840.
Output: History
This man expresses his wish to be "buried in the ground like a stillborn child" and at the end of the book in which he figures, all of his brothers and sisters give him gold rings. A son of Barakel the Buzite with a name meaning "He is my God" delivers four speeches on this man's behalf. The Lord tells this man to look to a being that "ranks first among the works of God" and conceals itself within the shadow of the lotuses, called the behemoth. This man's house collapses and his herds are lost, while his three friends Eliphaz, Bildad, and Zophar attempt to get him to give up. For 10 points, name this man of Uz who is a servant of God and is placed in the hands of Satan to prove his devotion in his namesake book of the Bible, which comes between Proverbs and Song of Songs.
Output: Literature
In one scene in this novel, Miss Van Campen confiscates the protagonist's alcohol, saying he is deliberately trying to make himself sick. The protagonist's love interest is friends with Helen Ferguson, while the protagonist has his knee operated on by Dr. Valentini. In one scene, the protagonist must shoot an engineer who refuses to help free his vehicle, while near the end, the he dives into the river to escape the "battle police." This novel ends when the protagonist reunites with his love in Switzerland after the mad retreat at the Battle of Caporetto, only for her to die after giving birth to a stillborn son. For 10 points, name this novel about ambulance driver Frederic Henry's affair with Catherine Barkley, a work by Ernest Hemingway.
Output: Literature
One of them in pheasant form was killed by a divine arrow which landed at the feet of their leader, who then hurled it through the heart of the shooter. The food one was murdered after vomiting up food for the moon, who was subsequently banished for his crime. Another was notably frightened when her brother threw a flayed piebald horse into her hall, after which she secluded herself in a cave until enticed out by another dancing on an upturned tub. The lesser ones were created from the storm ones sword and the sun ones jewels, while the union between Izanami and Izanagi produced the two major ones, Susanoo and Amaterasu. FTP name these divine figures, prayed to by followers of Shinto.
Output: Social Science
A church in this novel is called First Purchase because it was the first thing bought by freed slaves. The protagonist of this novel is frightened by Cecil Jacobs while in a ham costume. The protagonist of this novel helps to break up a potential lynch mob whose target is a man wrongly accused of raping Mayella Ewell, Tom Robinson. That event sees the protagonist accompanied by (*) Dill and her brother Jem, who breaks his arm in an attack largely thwarted by Boo Radley. For 10 points, name this novel featuring Scout and Atticus Finch by Harper Lee.
Output: Literature
This object's action was compared to a photon moving through a semiconductor by Yochiro Nambu. This particle can be formed by the annihilation of a top-antitop quark pair. Technicolor theories exclude the action of this particle. Spontaneous electroweak symmetry breaking leads to a non-zero vacuum expectation value in this particle's mechanism. This particle is [*] thought to have a mass around 140 GeV and spin 0. This particle explains why W and Z bosons have mass, but photons do not. Sought by the Large Hadron Collider, for 10 points, name this so-called "God particle," an undiscovered boson of the Standard Model thought to provide mass to other particles.
Output: Science
In one opera by this composer, Leila is recognized as a woman who saved a man's life because of a necklace, and two characters sing the ""Friendship Duet. "" Zurga and Nadir feature in that opera by this composer. In another opera, this composer wrote the ""Flower Song"" and told of (*) Don Jose's murder of the title character after she spurns him for the bullfighter Escamillo. For 10 points, name this French composer of the operas The Pearl Fishers and Carmen.
Output: Fine Arts
He wrote an opinion that invoked the thirteenth amendment's ban on slavery to overturn a certain state's peonage law in Bailey v. Alabama, He claimed that activities intrastate in nature in separate could interact and become controllable by Congress under the commerce clause in his opinion for National Labor Relations Board v. Jones and Laughlin Steel Corp. He invalidated the NIRA's ability to allow the president to issue "codes of fair competition" in what came to be known as the "sick chicken case. " FTP, name this politician who resigned the Supreme Court to run for president against Woodrow Wilson, only to be reappointed to the Court as Chief Justice in 1930.
Output: History
One of these compositions by George Rochberg includes a set of variations on Pachelbel's Canon in D, and Rochberg named his fourth through sixth works in the genre the "Concord" ones. The third movement of another piece for this ensemble explores what the composer called "dissonant dynamics," shaping a melody solely by changing the volume of various held pitches. That work is the best-known composition by Ruth Crawford Seeger. Irvine Arditti founded an ensemble of this type named after him, and another composition for this ensemble contains a Scherzo "alla bulgarese" flanked by two movements in its composer's (*) "night music" style. The performance of one of these pieces serves as the third scene of the opera Mittwoch aus Licht, and that piece requires that each of its performers be in a different helicopter. For 10 points, name this type of piece that might be performed by the Kronos, an example of which is Smetana's "From My Life."
Output: Fine Arts
In one poem, this poet threatens to send the addressee three hundred more poems if he doesn't return a napkin he stole. A line from this poet is the source of the title of a short story collection edited by Jeffrey Eugenides. He wrote an elegiac couplet whose speaker states "I hate and I love. " One of his poems begins, "Wandering through many countries and over many seas, I come, my brother, to these sorrowful obsequies. " That poem, which ends with the words "ave atque vale," is addressed to the "silent ashes" of his brother. Many of his poems are thought to be addressed to Clodia Metelli. For 10 points, name this Roman poet many of whose poems are about his mistress Lesbia.
Output: Literature
In one political cartoon, this politician's head is held by a rival candidate and is said to be a "fellow of infinite jest" in an imitation of Hamlet holding the skull of Yorick. One of this man's campaign slogans originated the phrase "Don't Change Horses in the Middle of the Stream." During his second run for president, this politician defeated the nominee of the "Peace Democrats." In this man's inaugural speech, he promised "malice towards none, with charity for all" after defeating his opponent George McClellan. For 10 points, name this American president who won the Election of 1864 and was later assassinated by John Wilkes Booth.
Output: History
The title character of one opera by this composer marries Ernesto's lover, Norina, in a plot engineered by Dr. Malatesta. One character created by this composer recounts a meeting with a ghost to Alisa in the aria "Regnava nel silenzio." This man wrote an opera in which Adina cancels her marriage to Belcore to marry Nemorino, purchases the titular potion, and sings the aria "Una furtiva lagrima." The title character of another of his operas, the sister of Enrico Ashton, sings the aria "Il dolce suono" before stabbing her husband Arturo because she is in love with Edgardo Ravenswood. For 10 points, name this Italian composer of The Elixir of Love and Lucia di Lammermoor.
Output: Fine Arts
Murray Rothbard suggests that social taboos can eliminate the "classical" form of this phenomenon. The Beveridge curve plots this against the vacancy rate. The NAIRU is a measure of this for a market with neither upward nor downward pressure on inflation. Okuns Law predicts a 2.5 percent gap in GDP for every additional one percent rise in the rate of this. Keynes argued that because wages are sticky, this is caused by a drop in aggregate demand. For 10 points, name this statistic plotted against inflation on the Phillips Curve, which measures the percentage of people out of work.
Output: Social Science
The protagonist of this work is nearly killed by Orlick and a "heartless girl" in this work marries the nobleman Bentley Drummle. The protagonist of this work met a "pale young gentleman" at the Satis House, for whom he later works, and Compeyson was killed by Mr. Provis, who was later revealed to be the benefactor for the protagonist, who gets his money from Mr. Jaggers. The main character later rescues Miss Havisham, who introduced to him Estella earlier. For 10 points, identify this work centering on Philip Pirrip, a work by Charles Dickens.
Output: Literature
In 2008, Kumar et al. showed that galectin-3 binds to this structure in human colon cancer cells, inhibiting its activities, and it can also be inhibited by the anti-fungal agent venturicidin. One subunit of this is named for the A6L gene. One notable mechanism of this structure was first observed by M. Yoshida. It contains a subunit known as the (*) "Oligomycin-Sensitivity Conferring Protein," so named because oligomycin can inhibit its activities. For studying this protein, John Walker shared the 1997 Nobel Prize with Paul Boyer. This protein contains the gamma unit or axle, which rotates upon receiving particles from the F0 proton channel. For 10 points, identify this enzyme found in the mitochondria, which catalyzes the production of a namesake universal energy carrier.
Output: Science
He theorized the existence of laryngeals while still a student, and he described the development of the vowel a in Memoir on the Original System of Vowels in the Indo-European Languages. He also developed the idea of the linguistic sign and signifier. His most influential work helped to establish structural linguistics; however, it was compiled and published by Charles Bally and Albert Sechehaye. That work distinguished langue from parole. For 10 points, name this Swiss guy whose notes were compiled into the posthumous Course in General Linguistics.
Output: Social Science
Its founder is considered to be Mindaugus, who received a crown from Pope Innocent IV in 1253. Because its nobles desired aid in the Livonian War, it lost its independence in the Commonwealth of Two Peoples, also known as the Union of Lublin, in 1569. At its height, it held the cities of Smolensk and Kiev. For ten points, name this grand duchy, whose great leaders included Vytautus and Jagiello, before it lost its independence to Poland.
Output: History
Vladimir Nabokov's Pale Fire takes its name from a line in this play, and Herman Melville coined an "-ism" of the title figure characterized by a desertion of one's friends. In Act IV, the protagonist compares himself to an oak tree without leaves and turns down food from an acquaintance. The protagonist pays for Ventidus to be released from jail in Act II, and at one point he calls his servant Flavius the most honest man he knows. Because of Flavius' honor, he gives him some of his gold he dug up in his cave, which he calls his "yellow slave". This play begins with a dialogue between a poet and a painter and an important scene occurs when the title character throws a (*) feast for all of his friends, only to serve them plates full of warm water and stones. Reoccurring characters include Apemanthus, a cynic who dislikes the protagonist, and Alcibiades, a soldier who seeks to attack the city from which he was banished. The protagonist learns that money doesn't bring happiness in, for 10 points, what play about a Greek whose generosity leads to bankruptcy, a work by William Shakespeare
Output: Literature
One of his works shows a man sitting on a lion-headed saddle with a rapier, fending off unseen attackers as his horse moves in the other direction. His Mounted Officer of the Imperial Guard was imitated by Delacroix in The Massacre at Chios. This student of Carle Vernet and Pierre Guerin drew Charging Chasseur and Wounded Cuirassier before executing paintings for Dr. Georget. This creator of Race for the Derby at Epsom depicted a kidnapper, a gambling maniac, and a kleptomaniac, all members of the insane asylum. For 10 points, name this French painter who researched a shipwreck off West Africa for The Raft of the Medusa.
Output: Literature
In this novel, one character discovers that the legendarily pious invalid Madame Stahl stays in bed to hide her stubby legs. The title character is stunned to meet Sappho Sholtz, and earlier breaks into tears when the horse Frou-Frou trips and breaks its back while trying to race Gladiator. One character is induced to trust the psychic Landau by the insidious tutor Lydia, who tries to prevent the title character from bringing gifts to her son Seryoza. Stiva's infidelities upset Dolly, who encourages Kitty's marriage with the plain Konstantin Levin. For 10 points, name this novel, in which the title character hooks up with Count Vronsky and jumps in front of a train, by Leo Tolstoy.
Output: Literature
In this novel, a man is able to purchase a house because the amount of money he puts on the table kills its owner; that character is later told by a woman that she could have buttered him and eaten him alive. Victoria awakens the central character at 5:30, instead of sending her daughter, and during breakfast, she disembowels rabbits. At the start of this novel, the protagonist recounts a dream to his mother, and he is later identified as the source of Angelas dishonor. That dishonor causes her to be rejected by Bayardo San Roman, and leads Pedro and Pablo Vicario to perform the title event. FTP, identify this novel by Gabriel Garcia Marquez, whose title refers to the murder of Santiago Nasar.
Output: Literature
During this dynasty, Prince Li Shimin ordered his brothers' deaths in the Xuanwu Gate Incident. One of its rulers' hatred of Yeon Gaesomun prompted one of its invasions of Goguryeo. This dynasty saw the appointment of jiedishi lords, a notable one of whom captured Luoyang in a power struggle with Yang Guozhong. The aftermath of that rebellion by An Lushan influenced Du Fu's poetry during this dynasty. One monarch of this dynasty apocryphally ordered court visitors to give oral sex and started out as one of Emperor Taizong's concubines. For 10 points, name this Chinese dynasty that succeeded the Sui and established a sprawling civil service under Empress Wu.
Output: History
An airport in this city that was decommissioned in 2008 and notable for being built from limestone will now be the home of the Bread and Butter fashion show for the next decade. One of its main public areas is named for a Russian Tsar who visited in 1805 and is the home to a massive TV tower that is the largest freestanding structure in western Europe. Other major public places include Gendarmenmarkt, home of the concert hall and the so called "French" and "German" cathedrals, and Postdamer Platz, which lies just south of Unter den Linden, the Brandenburg Gate, and the Reichstag. For 10 points, name this capital of Germany.
Output: History
Michel Mayor used astrometric data provided by Hipparcos in conjunction with the radial velocity method to investigate ten candidates for them. S Ori 47 has the lowest mass of any known one of these and they release substantial amounts of infrared radiation. Known to fuse deuterium on a small scale, their name was coined by Jill Tarter and Gliese 229B was the first one to be confirmed. The maximum mass of one of these is believed to be approximately 84 times the mass of Jupiter, or the largest mass that is insufficient for normal hydrogen fusion. For 10 points, name this dimmest and least massive star, sometimes referred to as a "failed star. "
Output: Science
One novel in this language is framed as the diary of a boy who came to serve the Commandant after Father Gilbert's death in a motorcycle accident; that novel is titled Houseboy. In another novel written in this language, a father of seven daughters forcibly raises his eighth daughter, Zahra, as a son. Used to write The Sacred Night and The Sand Child, it is also the language of an epistolary novel in which (*) Ramatoulaye responds to the death of her bigamous husband Modou. This is the language of Nedjma, by Kateb Yacine. The essay "Black Orpheus" prefaced a collection of poetry in this language, used to write So Long a Letter by Mariama Ba. For 10 points, name this language employed by Moroccan writer Tahar Ben Jelloun, as well as Leopold Senghor, Aime Cesaire, and other writers of the Negritude movement.
Output: Literature
In one scene from this novel, Burris torments the first-grade teacher Caroline Fisher. In other scenes, Maudie Atkinson's house burns down in a fire, while one character is forced to read to Mrs. Dubose after he destroys her camellias. A large part of this novel focuses on the trial of Tom Robinson, who was accused of raping Mayella Ewell. At the end of this novel, the protagonist and her brother Jem are saved by Boo Radley. Set in Maycomb, Alabama, this work is narrated by Scout Finch. For 10 points, identify this novel, the only one by Harper Lee.
Output: Literature
A particular type of these that loses angular momentum very quickly is exemplified by SGR-1806-20, which had a major event on Dec. 27, 2004. The cores of these are not well understood, but may consist of differentially rotating strange fluid, explaining their equatorial bulges. Proposed by Baade and Zwicky, these include magnetars and have an upper mass limit named for Tolman, Volkov, and Oppenheimer because they are held together by degeneracy pressure from their namesake particles. FTP, name these stars, usually the remnants of supernovas, that are named for the fact that they are mostly comprised of uncharged nucleons.
Output: Science
The Abuna River forms the northern border of this country, while the Itenez River forms its northeast. The northern Pando department experiences frequent flooding, while the country's southeast receives virtually no rain. Yungas Road, known as the most dangerous road in the world, connects the country's capital to the city of Chulumani by crossing the Cordillera Real Mountains. This country's highest point is Nevado Sajama, which is part of a plateau that dominates this country. El Alto and Oruro are cities in the Altiplano, whereas Cochabamba is in the plains and Santa Cruz is in the lowlands. For 10 points, name the country that is home to the world's highest navigable lake and has two capitals.
Output: Social Science
WER: Rudolf Carnap [10] Carnap was a member of the Vienna Circle, a philosophical association alternatively named for this empiricist who argued that the mind knows only its own sensations and, in his The Science of Mechanics, stated that inertia should be defined relatively and in relation to the stars.
Output: Social Science
This man explored what effect skyscrapers have on urban life in "Vertical City," and he studied people who communicate by repeating radioed messages, cyranoids. He studied the responses to people cutting into lines or asking for someone to give up their seat on the subway, and he asked people to send packages to those most likely to know the target in his small world experiment. Variations on his most famous experiment showed higher stress rates in women, though they were just as likely to continue operating the machine. For 10 points, name this man who had people administer electric shocks in his obedience experiment.
Output: Social Science
A comet hits Cadiz in this man's play about Victoria and Diego, while Dora resolves to follow Kaliayev's fate after he is executed for bombing the Grand Duke in The Just Assassins. Other dramas include "The Possessed" and "The Misunderstanding. " Along with stories like "The Growing Stone" and "The Adulterous Woman" collected in The Exile and the Kingdom, he created the character Jacques Cormery in his last, unfinished novel. Nonfiction works include a treatise claiming that the only truly serious philosophical problem is suicide and his Stalinist The Rebel, but he is better known for his existentialist novels. FTP, name this author who wrote about Dr. Bernard Rieux in The Plague and Mersault in The Stranger.
Output: Literature
In a section directed to the realists in Book Two of this work, the author mocks their supposed project by referencing a Schiller ballad about a boy who entered a temple in the city of Sais who secretly lifted the veil of Isis. This work warns of the danger of Amor fati and warns against the seduction of the belief in personal providence in a section dedicated to St. Januarius. The author claimed that this was the "most personal of all my works," containing a "Prelude in Rhymes" titled "Joke, Cunning and Revenge" and an appendix consisting of songs of Prince Freebird. Suggesting that just like the shadow of Buddha was shown in caves after his passing; we too cannot overcome the shadow of God and its title derives from a Provencal expression regarding the skill of a troubadour. For ten points, name this work by Friedrich Nietzsche that introduced the aphorism "God is dead" and whose title suggests a happy school subject.
Output: Social Science
Near the end of this play, one of the main characters re-lives her 12th birthday and realizes how little people appreciate life while they live it. Also at the plays conclusion, a number of the deceased characters sit in the graveyard and gossip about the lviing. The godlike Stage Manager serves as the narrator and provides background information on the plot, which centers on the love, marriage, and separation by death of George Gibbs and Emily Webb. For 10 points, name this play set in the fictional Grovers Corners, New Hampshire, written by Thornton Wilder.
Output: Literature