niryuu/sni-each-converted huggingface dataset:
Chapters in it include Intuitionism, The Problem of Unity and one discussing the problem of the titular concept between different generations. Its Duty and Obligation section addresses things like "The Role of Civil Disobedience", and the revised edition's introduction notes the difference in the title concept in welfare states and property-owning democracies. Martha Nussbaums Women and Human Development is one of many direct responses to this book, with others by Amartya Sen and Michael Sandel, along with a famous refutation premised on Entitlement Theory meant to justify the minimal state. Though mentioned, the concept of Public Reason isnt expanded until the authors clarification of this work, the similarly titled Justice as Fairness, where the author re-explains the difference principle, the liberty principle and the Veil of Ignorance. FTP, identify this philosophical classic, a 1971 work by John Rawls.
Output: Social Science
In one of this thinker's works, he used the term sensus communis to define an ability all people use to reflect on actions. This man wrote an essay which included a provision for removing all standing armies and which influenced democratic peace theory. Lying would be considered immoral by this author of "Perpetual Peace" because, according to him, the morality of an action depends on whether or not it is a universal law. This thinker described synthetic knowledge that is a priori, and introduced the categorical imperative in Groundworks on the Metaphysics of Morals. For 10 points, name this German Enlightenment author of Critiques on Judgment and Pure Reason.
Output: Social Science
These objects can have an internal boundary named for Cauchy, and they can also be extremal according to the Reissner-Nordstrom metric. If the charge to mass ratio is any higher, they can violate the Cosmic Censorship Hypothesis. Their entropy was conjectured to be inversely proportional to the Planck length squared by Bekenstein, who sometimes names a process in which spontaneous pair production results in them giving off energy, known as Hawking radiation. For 10 points, name these objects, which occur above the Chandraseker limit, consisting of an event horizon surrounding a singularity, and which are so massive that no light can escape.
Output: Science
This philosopher argued that society's negative influence transformed a self-preserving "love of self" into a "love of pride." This philosopher presented the first man to fence off land as the origin of a three-part sequence by which society transitions from nature to the inequality between master and slave. This author of Discourse on Inequality argued in his most famous book that a sovereign must express the "general will" of the whole populace. For 10 points, name this philosopher whose Social Contract was considered a model for the French Revolution.
Output: Social Science
He writes that "to love is to battle, if two kiss the world changes" in a poem that exclaims "I travel your length like a river, I travel your body like a forest. " Author of The Pears of the Elm and Conunctions and Disjunctions, he rewrote Hawthorne's "Rappaccini's Daughter" and a biography of Juana Inez de la Cruz, The Traps of Faith. He is better known for analyzing la Malinche and the Pachucos in a work that claims natives wear masks imposed by colonial powers. He incorporated the Aztec calendar into his aforementioned poem Sun Stone, and also wrote The Bow and the Lyre and Luna silvestre. FTP name this Mexican diplomat, and author of The Labyrinth of Solitude.
Output: Literature
One character in this work uses an analogy of a deaf and blind ship owner to demonstrate that true knowledge is viewed as useless by society. Another man in this work refutes an argument using a comparison of the soul to a virtuous city. Glaucon argues that virtue is not its own reward with the legend of the Ring of Gyges, and this work posits that Philosopher-kings would rule an ideal government. It contains the story in which a group of shackled prisoners see shadows against a wall. For 10 points, name this work containing the allegory of the cave, a work by Plato that describes the city-state.
Output: Social Science
One character created by this author buys a green hat and green suit and refers to black people as 'hubshi.' The prologue from that collection features a Lebanese furniture-maker who has Hans threaten a tramp aboard a cruise ship. "One out of Many" is from a collection whose title story begins with a Zulu boy rejecting the advances of Bobby, who later drives with Linda through the title location. For 10 points, identify this sexist Trinidadian author of In a Free State and A House for Mr. Biswas.
Output: Literature
By the Third Law of Thermodynamics and a magnetic equivalent of this law, the critical magnetic field for a superconductor approaches a constant as temperature approaches absolute zero. This equation can be derived by showing that a Carnot engine run between two phases at two close temperatures has the same thermal efficiency. It can also be derived by finding the infinitesimal change in chemical potential for each of two phases in equilibrium with each other; that form of this equation says that the derivative of vapor pressure with respect to temperature equals the change in entropy over the change in volume. For 10 points, name this doubly-eponymous equation which gives the slope of the coexistence line in a pressure versus temperature plot.
Output: Science
It causes the weak bluish white glow in polls of water that shield some nuclear reactors. It is created by highly energetic charged particles that displace electrons in the medium through which they travel, and the subsequent electromagnetic wave in the wake of these particles is similar to the bow wave of a fast boat. FTP, what is this light produced when charged particles move through a medium faster than the speed of light in that medium
Output: Science
A recent article by Manning, Levine, and Collins questions the assumptions behind the study that first showed this effect. Among the props used in that study was a case of beer; another experiment in that study used a male pre-med student as a confederate. Among the findings of that Latane and Darley study were that 90% of subjects refused to exit a smoky room when two confederates ignored the smoke; 31% of subjects reported a seizure when they thought there were four other people around to do it; and nobody reported a lady falling and moaning about a hurt leg. First inspired by the murder of Kitty Genovese in the presence of apparently 38 possible witnesses, for ten points, identify this effect in which people stand around and assume someone else is going to do something about an emergency.
Output: Social Science
The interplay of separately lit spaces, in the foreground versus the background, was anticipated by the artist's earlier painting The Tapestry Weavers. The pairing of the nun and man-servant on the right of the canvas parallels the shadowy and silvery depiction of the royal couple in the center. Two large Ruben-like paintings hang above the scene as a young boy threatens to kick a contented looking dog and a painter tries to work in his studio. But the most enigmatic parts of the painting are the man in the open doorway in the background and the dwarf whose pose echoes that of the Infanta. FTP, identify this 1656 depiction of "The Maids of Honor" by Velazquez.
Output: Fine Arts
In one of this man's poems, he wrote that "the tree of man was never quiet then 'twas the Roman, now 'tis I." In a poem about a figure jailed "for the colour of his hair," a reference to homosexuality, this man asked "Oh who is that young sinner with the handcuffs on his wrists" This man's poetry was influenced by his unrequited love for Oxford classmate Moses Jackson. This poet wrote that (*) "malt does more than Milton can to justify God's ways to man" in a poem about a character who "eats his victuals fast enough." That poem by him appears in a collection with "When I was one-and-twenty" and "To An Athlete Dying Young." For 10 points, identify this English poet, the author of the collection A Shropshire Lad.
Output: Literature
Antonio Canova created a marble pyramid as a mausoleum in the Santa Maria Gloriosa dei Frari for this artist. Palma the Younger completed his last painting, which features a self portrait with his son Orazio and is called his Pieta, while the title character is holding onto a bull's horns in his Rape of Europa. He depicted Laura Bagarotto sitting on a coffin next to Venus in a work painted for the wedding of Niccolo Aurelio, his Sacred and Profane Love, but this painter of Bacchus and Ariadne may be better remembered for a painting in which the two servants are searching in a chest in the background while title figure reclines nude in front of a green curtain. FTP, name this Italian painter of Venus of Urbino.
Output: Fine Arts
Pablo Picasso made a series of 58 variations on this painting, and it was only given its modern title in 1834, nearly two hundred years after it was painted. The scene takes place in a room decorated by large canvases, and a dog lies comfortably in the right foreground. In a doorway in the background, we see Jose Nieto, while in the foreground are two dwarves and the two figures mentioned in the title, Isabel Velasco and Agustina Sarmiento. FTP, a mirror showing the king and queen, and the artist himself standing near an easel are the two most famous features of what Velazquez masterpiece
Output: Fine Arts
This thinker claimed both animals and humans both acquire customs through experimentation in a work that argues we trust some testimony since man has strong memory and is not inclined to lie. This man used the example of a house to disprove the argument from design in a work narrated by Pamphilus. One of this man's works that distinguished between "relations of ideas" and "matters of fact" woke Kant from his (*) "dogmatic slumber". In that work, this author of Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion conceded that one exception to his distinction between "sense impressions" and "ideas" was the "missing shade of blue". For 10 points, name this author of A Treatise of Human Nature and Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding, a Scottish philosopher.
Output: Social Science
A character in this work sings of a cook who beats a dog to death with a ladle for stealing a breadcrust, and that character stinks of garlic, which he eats for the health of his kidneys. One character provides another some chicken bones to gnaw on and a boy in this work tends to the title character's goats and acts as his messenger. This work mentions a "personal god" uttered forth by "Puncher and Wattmann" during a nonsensical monologue that results when Pozzo's servant Lucky is instructed to "think. " FTP, name this "tragicomedy in two acts" in which Vladimir and Estragon linger in hopes of seeing the title character, an absurdist play by Samuel Beckett.
Output: Literature
These entities can be hierarchically classified based on the Strahler Order. The speed of objects in this kind of system varies by the sixth power of this system's speed by Brahm's law. Einstein wrote a paper about Baer's law, which claims that the hemisphere of the earth in which these bodies are situated affects erosion. When these bodies form underneath glaciers, they create braided ridges known as eskers. Their cross-sectional area multiplied by their average linear velocity gives their discharge. These bodies create ox-bow lakes when they cut off a meander. For 10 points, name these bodies of water exemplified by the Amazon and Mississippi.
Output: Social Science
phenomenon can be modified by the Goldanskii-Karyagin effect, allowing detection of anisotropies in the mean-square displacements of randomly-oriented systems when there is quadrupole and/or magnetic splitting in resolved hyperfine structure in its spectrum. As with X-ray and neutron scattering, the Debye-Waller factor can be used to calculate the fraction of emission or absorption events displaying this phenomenon. It was first seen in iridium-191, but this phenomenon of nuclear resonance fluoresence is more often observed using samples of iron-57. FTP, name this phenomenon in which a crystal lattice absorbs or emits a gamma ray with zero recoil.
Output: Science
and Omel'yanchuk developed refinements for metallic links in these objects, while thermal fluctuations in these objects can be analyzed with the Ambegaokar-Halperin model, and irradiating one of these devices gives rise to constant voltage Shapiro steps in them. They are characterized by the overdamped and underdamped regimes of the (*) RCSJ model, while semifluxons occur in their zero-pi long variety. Shadow evaporation can be used to create them for flux qubits, and their associated constant is equal to two times e over h, making it the reciprocal of the magnetic flux quantum. The current across one of these devices is equal to the critical current times the sine of the phase difference, while two of these devices are arranged in a superconducting loop in a DC SQUID. For 10 points, name these devices defined by the current flow across a non conducting barrier between two coupled superconductors.
Output: Science
Gravitational redshift was measured by Pound, Rebka, and Snider in Harvard's Jefferson Tower using this technique to detect a frequency shift of order one part in ten to the 14th. It can be used for precise studies of the Zeeman effect in nuclei. Iron 57 and tin 119 are two of the isotopes used in this type of spectroscopy due to narrow linewidths in their transitions. Before this technique, the large size of Doppler shifts relative to transition widths made nuclear spectroscopy problematic. It was discovered by its namesake when he was a graduate student at the Munich University of Technology. FTP, what is this effect in which a crystal lattice reduces recoil energy
Output: Science
This artist painted two round impressions in the wall behind him in Self Portrait with Two Circles. He\n painted Jesus, the twelve disciples, and one other man having their small boat rocked by a large wave in his\n The Storm on the Sea of Galilee. He painted a philosopher with his hand resting on a statue in Aristotle\n Contemplating the Bust of Homer. The title character of another of his paintings holds up the skinless arm\n of a corpse. This artist painted a drummer and a girl holding a chicken in his depiction of Frans Banning\n Cocq's militia. For 10 points, name this Dutch painter of The Anatomy Lesson and Night Watch.
Output: Fine Arts
This man's reign saw the subjugation of Bijapur and Golconda, attacks on the Uzbegs and Persians, and two wars in the Deccan. Coming to power in 1628, a severe illness in 1657 led to a succession war which saw his imprisonment by his son Aurangzeb, and on his death he was buried with his favorite wife, Mumtaz. FTP, who was this Mughal ruler who immortalized his wife with the construction in Agra of the Taj Mahal
Output: History
The Atkinson-Shiffrin model for this concept differs from the levels-of- processing model, and it was studied using 2300 CVC trigrams by Ebbinghaus. The parallel distributed processing model for this suggests that a new one of these changes all the past ones, and chunking is a method for this that allows people to maintain more than "seven plus or minus two mental" objects. Tests on the patient Henry Molaison demonstrated that its explicit variety was limited but damage to the hippocampus did not affect its working type or motor learning. For 10 points, name this capacity to store and retrieve past sensations and information.
Output: Science
This man called his only major composition for organ an attempt to revive polyphonic music, as that was "the only true and vital style for the instrument," and that work built upon his earlier 29 Preludes for organ. Besides Commotio, one of his works opens with 26 repeated A's, and he included Hindu and Negro dances as well as a depiction of the Marketplace at Isphahan in his Aladdin Suite. He also modeled the movement of the sun in the Helios Overture, and he composed the opera Saul and David in addition to the aforementioned Sinfonia Espansiva. The third movement of another of his works ends with oboe playing solo above the strings and segues into the fourth movement which features a battle between two sets of timpani on opposite sides of the stage. For 10 points, name this Danish composer whose symphonies include The Four Temperaments and The Inextinguishable.
Output: Fine Arts
In one story, Pirathous and Theseus are trapped in this location by a snakes that tie them to a chair. One part of this location is ruled by the Cretan Rhadamanthus and another is called the Asphodel Meadows. Rivers in this location include Phlegethon, Cocytus, Acheron and Lethe. Residents of this place include the wheel-bound Ixion and Sisyphus, who must roll a boulder up a hill for eternity. For 10 points, name this place bounded by the river Styx and ruled by Persephone and its namesake god, the underworld in Greek mythology.
Output: Social Science
The Latin Mass is the source of the titles of this composer's third symphony of this composer, who also wrote incidental music for a play by Rene Morax. This composer of A Christmas Cantata created a piece for solo flute for the play Dance of the Goat. This man's Amphion contains the notable Prelude, Fugue, and Postlude, and his Summer Pastoral was written for chamber orchestra. He collaborated with Ibert on his opera L'Aiglon, while Ida Rubinstein commissioned his Joan of Arc at the Stake. This critic of Satie collaborated with Cocteau on the opera Antigone, while his best known work is paired with Rugby and Mouvement Symphonique No. 3 and imitates the sound of a locomotive. For 10 points, name this member of Les Six, best known as the composer of Pacific 231.  
Output: Fine Arts
The title character is found upon a return from Rowe's. His brother is rich - a director in the bank - but he didn't walk the thirteen miles to his brother's house because there might be some bad blood between them. He has come back to work for Warren, who utters the memorable line, "Home is the place where, when you have to go there, / They have to take you in. "  We know that his name is Silas, he has come back to ditch the meadow, and that Mary found him "huddled against the barn-door. "  Alas, when Warren goes to talk to him, we learn that he is dead. FTP, name this title character of a poem by Robert Frost.
Output: Literature
With its early history shrouded in mythology, its first distinguishable cultures were the Valdivia and Manchalilla Cultures around 3500 BCE. Volcanoes in this nation include Pichincha, Illiniza, Cotopaxi, and Chimborazo. It gained its independence from the Spanish Vice-Royalty of Peru (*) in 1822 and its capital city was made a UNESCO cultural heritage site in 1978. For ten points, name this country to which the Galapagos Islands belong and which has its capital at Quito.
Output: History
The Kairos Document was a theological response to this policy, and CODESA I and II attempted to negotiate an end to it. The National Party implemented this policy after coming to power under Daniel Malan, and many of its opponents were convicted in the Rivonia Trial. Harold Macmillan denounced this policy in his "Wind of Change" speech, and the Spear of the Nation was one of the most militant opponents of it. Many of the opponents of this policy were imprisoned on Robben Island, and after it was ended, the Truth and Reconciliation Commission was set up. Ended by Frederick Willem de Klerk and opposed by Nelson Mandela, for 10 points, name this policy of racial segregation in South Africa.
Output: History
At one point in this work, False Seeming leads an army out to defeat the forces of Evil Tongue. In this work's central location, its protagonist encounters birds that chirp in polyphonic harmony. Poverty and Old Age are stuck outside this work's central location, which sees Idleness greet the protagonist upon the latter's entrance. This work depicts Cupid as a cruel figure whose arrows inflict insomnia, emaciation, and anxiety, while its protagonist must learn horsemanship and the bassoon to be successful in a venture which also involves gazing into the Fountain of Narcissus. Its misogyny was attacked in Letter to the God of Love by Christine de Pizan. For 10 points, name this medieval French poem by Guillame de Lorris and Jean de Meun, in which the Dreamer seeks a garden of idealized love.
Output: Fine Arts
In a novel by Pia Pera the title character of this work is given a notebook so that she can communicate with her dead father Gerald. Two characters are referenced respectively as "Schlegel" and "Hegel" in comparison to a woman in whose "natty little coupe" the protagonist travels for two years. A problem is solved for the protagonist when one character gets hit by Frederick Beale's car, after which he travels with the title character to the Enchanted Hunters. After finding out the title character had sex with the son of the director of Camp Q, the protagonist begins an affair with her. Eventually he finds her married to Richard Schiller, having earlier been abducted by Clare Quilty. Told in the form of a confession edited by John Ray, Jr., this is, FTP, what novel about Humbert Humbert's obsession with Dolores Haze by Vladimir Nabokov
Output: Literature
This poet writes that he cultivates neither nettles nor thorns for the cruel person who tears out the heart with which I live in a poem about a white rose, and in a poem about death he asks not to be put in the dark to die like a traitor. A recently published collection of his poems is entitled Come, Come My Boiling Blood, and he is also known for Adultery and Rosas Little Shoes, a book illustrated by Lulu Delacre. The author of the childrens book The Golden Age, Joseito Fernandez made famous the popular song Guantanamera based on a poem by this author of the 1891 essay Our America. The author of Ismaelillo, FTP, name this dominant figure in Cubas struggle for independence, best known for his Versos Libres.
Output: Literature
His scant output for piano includes two nocturnes entitled Separation and Regret, both of which owe a debt to his early teacher, the Irish composer John Field. A trip to Spain inspired him to write two overtures, the Capriccio brillante on the Jota aragonesa and Summer Night in Madrid. Two folk songs from his native land inspired another late work, Kamarinskaya. In another of his works, Vanya and Antonida mourn the death of Ivan Susanin, just as a group of people are celebrating the triumph of the new ruler. FTP, name this composer whose works include Ruslan and Ludmila and A Life for the Tsar.
Output: Fine Arts
This person's desire to eliminate certain influences led to the so-called Rectification Campaign, which was led by his supporter, Kang. Ascending to power at Zunyi, this leader briefly united with a notable foe after the latter was captured in the Sian incident. He first promulgated, then repudiated the Hundred Flowers Movement and Cultural Revolution after he led the People's Liberation Army on the Long March. His thoughts are collected in the so-called Little Red Book. FTP, name this leader of the Communist revolution and, from 1949 to 1959, the head of China.
Output: History
In one book, he suggests that architects should employ their childlike reactions when designing buildings and targets the architect of the Fisher Building. This man protested the classical architectural style of the Columbian Exposition by designing a building with a massive foil-covered "Golden Door." In addition to the Transportation Building, he designed a red-brick building with two arches that is inlaid with terracotta in Owatonna. That building, the National Farmer's (*) Bank, is one of his namesake "Jewel Boxes." A frieze with bulls-eye windows is found below the cornice of his most famous building, a ten-story collaboration with Dankmar Adler. That building, found in St. Louis, is considered one of the first skyscrapers. For 10 points, name this architect of the Wainwright Building who said, "form follows function."
Output: Fine Arts
An early opera by this composer was based on a libretto originally written for Andre Campra and includes the arias Non ho colpa and the title characters Vedrommi intorno. Another work originally began and ended with a march and included multiple minuets when it was first performed, though he later cut the marches and pared it down to one minuet. His librettist Emanuel Schikaneder also played Papageno in a work more famous for the Der Hlle Rache aria by the Queen of the Night. For 10 points, name this composer of the aforementioned Idomeneo, Haffner Symphony, and Magic Flute.
Output: Fine Arts
Calcium carbonate, iron-three acetate, and this compound are used to decarboxylate the intermediate in the second step of the Ruff degradation. The industrial synthesis of this compound is accomplished via repeated oxidation and hydrogenation of alkyl anthroquinones in the AO process. Biosensors for this compound typically utilize nanoparticles coupled to an enzyme isolated from horseradish called HRP. An iron catalyst and this compound compose a reagent used to oxidize contaminants in waste water, named for (*) Fenton. This compound is commonly used in the oxidation step following hydroboration, and as an oxidizing agent, it is stronger than ozone and permanganate. In its decomposition, two molecules of this compound yield two molecules of water and one oxygen, a reaction catalyzed by catalase in the liver. FTP, name this chemical compound with formula H2O2.
Output: Science
The highest peak in this region is Mount Snowdon, and the westernmost point on its mainland lies on the St.  David's Peninsula. Cities here include Wrexham, Neath, and Swansea, and a small portion of its eastern border is formed by the Wye River. Bodies of water bordering this region include Cardigan Bay to the west, the Bristol Channel to the south, and the Irish Sea to the north. The Cambrian mountain range dominates, for 10 points, what member country of the United Kingdom with capital at Cardiff
Output: Social Science
He updated Schopenhauer's The World as Will and Representation by arguing that the artist must create new forms of cognition to subvert the tyranny of the object world in his The World as Non-Objectivity, which followed up his earlier book God Is Not Cast Down. His early paintings, such as Peasant Woman With Buckets, were produced while he was associated with such groups as "Jack of Diamonds" and "Donkey's Tail," but after appearing in the Tramway V exhibition of 1915 he lost interest in non-geometrical representations. During the 1920s he worked on "arkhitektona" and models of Utopian cities, which were exhibited at Chagall's school in Vitebsk. His own movement reached its culmination in the White on White series of paintings. FTP, name this Russian artist of Black Square who founded Suprematism.
Output: Fine Arts
This man introduced equations characterizing the stability of governors in an early paper on control theory. He showed that only particulate composition can confer stability to Saturn's rings, and he also names a gap in the outer C-ring of Saturn. Experimentally verifiable thermodynamic quantities are used to relate hard-to-measure thermodynamic functions according to a set of relations named for this man. He introduced the displacement current term in another equation, which, along with the Faraday's law and the two Gauss laws were discussed in this man's paper "On the Physical Lines of Force." For 10 points, identify this thinker who grouped a set of four equations from electrodynamics.
Output: Science
This artist's decorations for the Chapelle des Anges of S. Sulpice included his "Heliodorus Expelled from the Temple". Rumored to be the son of Talleyrand, he debuted at the Paris Salon of 1822 with Dante and Virgil in Hell, while a trip to northern Africa provided inspiration for exotic subjects like The Women of Algiers. Creator of "The Massacre at Chios" and "The Death of Sardanopolus", FTP, who was this French Romantic painter of "Liberty Leading the People"
Output: Fine Arts
One of his economic reforms was known popularly as the "shaking off of burdens. " He prohibited the export of any produce other than olive oil and rose to fame by reciting a poem after a war with Megara. His constitution broke the power of the eupatridae and divided the citizenry into four income groups, all of whom could attend the Ecclesia. His warnings regarding the rise of Peisistratus were ignored, but he did display certain changes on wooden tablets before leaving for ten years. For 10 points, name this Athenian statesman who moderated Draco's code.
Output: History
The Schlosser modification of this reaction uses excess lithium salts, which stabilize the intermediate betaine created in the first step. The betaine forms an oxygen-containing four-membered ring, which subsequently breaks up into the products. A similarly named modification of this reaction stabilizes one of the reactants, forming the E form of the desired product almost exclusively. Named after the winner of the 1979 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, FTP, name this reaction, which forms an alkene from the reaction of a carbonyl group with a compound known as phosphorane or an ylide.
Output: Science
A speech of this ruler is recorded on the Lyon tablet, and Hadrian extended this rulers effort to drain the Fucine Lake. This ruler decreed that sick slaves left at the Temple of Aesculapius would be freed, and he upheld the rights of Egyptian Jews with his Letter to the Alexandrians. This ruler temporarily restored the autonomy of Judea, but reclaimed it as a province after the death of Herod Agrippa I. He used elephants to conquer Camulodunum, and this ruler pardoned the captured general Caratacus after sending Aulus Plautius to conquer Britain. The freedman Narcissus wielded power under this man and helped to expose the plot of his wife Messalina. He was poisoned by his fourth wife, Agrippina. For 10 points, name successor to Caligula, the dice-playing fourth Roman emperor.
Output: History
The son of a leader of this country sued the makers of the film The President's Last Bang, which depicts that leader as a libertine. This country used criminals as "Unit 684," which was a black ops team trained to assassinate an enemy leader. In October 1979, a president of this country was killed by his security chief while inside the Blue House compound; that man's daughter leads the Saenuri Party. One president's peaceful foreign policy was known as the "Sunshine Policy." First led by (*) Syngman Rhee, this country's Third Republic was started by Park Chung-hee. Former president Kim Dae-Jung won the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts to reconcile with this country's northern neighbor. For 10 points, name this Asian country separated by the DMZ from its Communist northern neighbor.
Output: History
One character in this play is woken up to see the "Revolution," but that character just starts singing the Carmagnole; at the end of the play, that character again sings the Carmagnole after a different man calls the police on himself, which causes Moran and Lieb to arrest him. Another character in this play commits suicide by jumping off a fire escape after being told to do so repeatedly, and some girls decide that if they are whores then (*) Rocky must be a pimp, which causes Rocky to slap Pearl and Margie, two of his "tarts." In this play, the mother of Don Parritt was once a lover of Larry Slade who keeps himself detached from the drunken antics of the other characters. For 10 points, name this play in which Hickey attacks the pipe dreams of the other people in Harry Hope's saloon, which was created by Eugene O'Neill.
Output: Literature
The slow movement of this composer's cello concerto features a duet between the soloist and the principal cellist of the orchestra. One of his solo piano works originally contained an extra five Variations which were restored by Brahms, and that work is based on a theme by Baron von Fricken. Much of this composer's music criticism is structured as a conversation between a character representing his passionate side and one representing his dreamy side. This composer, who created (*) Florestan and Eusebius, also wrote the Symphonic Etudes as well as another piano collection with movements called "The Rocking Horse Knight" and "Traumerei." For 10 points, name this German composer of Carnaval and Kinderszenen, many of whose works were premiered by his wife Clara.
Output: Fine Arts
This works plot is based on events related in its authors travel memoir The Lawless Roads. Minor characters in this work include an English dentist, Mr. Tench, who witnesses an execution, and a young man whose virtuous life and death are told to the boy. The protagonist encounters the atheist girl Coral Fellows while hiding in a barn, and he is given sanctuary by the Lehrs in the neighboring state. He finds his illegitimate child Brigida and her mother Maria before meeting the Mestizo, who tracks him throughout the novel until he is caught by the Lieutenant and executed for his religious practices. FTP name this novel about an unnamed Mexican priest by Graham Greene.
Output: Literature
In one scene in this novel, a character claims to enjoy his new life too much to think about his former home. In this novel, the Fledgling Phoenix is killed in an ambush at the Valley of the Fallen Phoenix after switching horses with his master. Another character in this novel tosses his infant son on the ground after one of his generals had risked his life to save the baby. One character in this novel prays to the Big Dipper to relieve his illness but dies anyway at the (*) Wuzhang Plains, although he has a wooden statue of himself made to make his rival think he is still alive. Previously, that character supposedly summons the southeast wind and "borrows" arrows with straw boats to win the Battle of Red Cliffs. This novel begins with a rebellion led by Zhang Jue and ends with Sima Yan establishing the Jin Dynasty. For 10 points, name this Ming Dynasty novel attributed to Luo Guanzhong.
Output: Literature
One of these succeeded Turanshah after their successful military action forced the French to leave and netted them a substantial ransom. Aybak, however, was soon killed and succeeded by another of his kind, who defied Hulagu Khan and defeated the Mongol army at Ain Jalut. Another razed Antioch and fought Edward I of England. The average lifespan of such rulers was about seven years, and in India, they formed the first dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate. From 1747 to 1831, they ruled Iraq, though in the country they would be mainly associated with, all were killed or dispersed in 1811 by Muhammed Ali. Some of them served as foreigners in Napoleons Guard, still carrying their scimitars and riding their horses. That service harked back to their very beginning, when they were prized for having no link to any established power structure. FTP, name these Islamic slave soldiers who originally came from the Caucasus.
Output: History
Multi-story pilasters and arch-headed windows characterize a marble palace that holds the Pesaro family collection in this city. Napoleon ordered the creation of a large garden in this city that now hosts a biennial architectural convention. Savageness, rigidity, and redundancy are among the qualities listed in "The Nature of Gothic," an architectural essay from a book about this city. Rows of balconies whose arches have quatrefoil windows are visible on the outside of a gold-leaf adorned building in this city. John (*) Ruskin described this city's architecture in a book about its namesake "stones." The Ca' d'Oro is a landmark in this city, whose most prominent cathedral features a large winged lion. For 10 points, name this Italian city that is home to the Doge's Palace, St. Mark's Basilica, and the Grand Canal.
Output: Fine Arts
One scientist applied Kuhn's excluded volume to these compounds and developed the idea of the "theta solvent," for which it is minimized. A coordinate convention used for this type of compound is named for that man, Paul Flory. "Living" reactions to make these are often controlled by redox equilibria. Bridged metallocenes called Kaminsky catalysts make them with one type of tacticity, while traditional Ziegler-Natta catalysts give the other form. Initiation, elongation, and termination steps are essential to the radical mechanism for forming these. For 10 points, name these compounds exemplified by plastics, formed by repeated addition of units called monomers.
Output: Science
Johann Jakob Froberger's second attempt to visit this city resulted in getting robbed by pirates, which was commemorated musically in Froberger's Complaint to [this city] for this melancholy. One loose group of musicians that gathered in this city helped John Broadwood design a modern instrument, and included such members as Jan Dusseck and Johann Bapist Cramer. In addition to this city's informal "pianoforte school" which helped to usher in the modern piano, a symphony named for this city contains a spoken epilogue based on the novel Tono-Bungay, and was dedicated to George Butterworth. In addition to naming Vaughan Williams's second symphony, this city is home to an institution that was the subject of a musical piece including "Jig" and "Dargason" movements, which was written by Gustav Holst. For 10 points, name this home city of the BBC Proms, which also titles a group of symphonies that include the Surprise and Clock, by Joseph Haydn.
Output: Fine Arts
One participant in this country's June 1953 rebellion was fictionalized as Harry Melchior in the 2001 film The Tunnel. The movie Night Crossing depicted how two families fled this country via a hot air balloon, and Peter Fechter was left to die in a "death strip" after being shot while trying to escape it. Egon Krenz was the last leader of this country, whose citizens were policed by the (*) Stasi. Due to a massive brain drain, Walter Ulbricht began the construction of a structure in this country that would later be torn down in 1989 with pickaxes and sledgehammers. For ten points, name this Soviet-dominated nation that built the Berlin Wall and joined with West Germany in 1990.
Output: History
One of the bloodiest battles in this nation's history occurred at Hauganes, and ended with the execution of Brandur. The greatest and in fact only naval battle in this nation's history took place two years earlier, and was known as "the Bay Battle. " The civil war in which those battles were fought also included a battle in which Gissur the White and Kolbeinn the Young proved victorious in 1238. That period of conflict is known as the Age of the Sturlungs, which came to a conclusion with the signing of a so-called "Old Covenant" that put an end to this country's commonwealth, which had been founded in 930. FTP, name this island nation whose current republic was established in 1944 after it achieved independence from Denmark, which is governed by the Althing.
Output: History
A leader of this country, according to Frederick Kempe's Divorcing the Dictator, was a fan of yellow patent-leather shoes. A book entitled Our Man in this Country was written by John Dinges. A leader of this country organized the ousting of Nicolas Barletta, who was replaced by Eric Delvalle. Harmodio Arosemena was ousted by a coup led by Arnulfo Arias in this country. Operation Nifty Package sunk the boat of a leader of this country, who subsequently hid in its Vatican diplomatic mission. Guillermo Endara was left in control of this country after an invasion that involved the incessant playing of rock music. Operation Just Cause ousted Manuel Noriega from power in this country, which had been led by a man who died in a plane crash, Omar Torrijos. For 10 points, Jimmy Carter signed a treaty returning a large canal to what Latin American country
Output: History
These peoples believed in a goddess of immortality named Evan. Their underworld was guarded by a scissors-wielding female demon with a torch and a hammer-wielding male demon with pointy ears and snakes for arms. Apart from Culsu and Charun, they also believed in a winged female demon who guided the dead to the underworld named Vanth, while Aita was their Lord of the Underworld. Turms was the messenger of the Gods among these people. These peoples worshiped Fufluns, the god of plant matter and wine. Selvans was the god of boundaries, while Tinia and Uni were the king and queen of the gods. These peoples worshipped Nethuns, a god of the sea they borrowed from the neighboring Umbrians. Historic kings of these people include Lars Porsena and their cities include Veii. For ten points, name these non-Indo-European peoples who lived north of the Romans.
Output: Social Science
Hunter-Saxton partial differential equation can be used to describe some of the properties of these materials, and a key property of them may be described by a weighted average of the second Legendre polynomial over their distribution, which is called the Zwetkoff parameter. These materials may be modeled with the Meyer-Lubensky model or the McMillan model, which contains two order parameters. The Frank free energy gives their energy in terms of their splay, twist, and bend, and they may be described by a mean-field theory named after Maier and Saupe, or by a hard-rod model developed by Onsager. Some of them exhibit a chiral phase called cholesteric, while ones with molecules oriented into layers are known as smectic, and those that have molecules with well-ordered orientations are called the nematic type. For 10 points, name these materials commonly used in displays.
Output: Science
He argued for the "need for a sociology and psychology of social science and scientists" in an essay collected in his late volume Against the Grain. His early theoretical work includes lectures, collected under the title Monetary Equilibrium, that distinguished between ex ante and ex post investment. Later he rejected  the neoclassical school in favor of institutional studies, illustrating his pessimistic Malthusian view of developmental economics with an "inquiry into the poverty of nations" entitled Asian Drama. He denounced the Agricultural Adjustment Act's impact on the cotton industry, expounding his theory of "cumulative causation" in a work subtitled The Negro Problem and Modern Democracy. FTP name this Stockholm School economist, author of An American Dilemma and co-winner of the Nobel Prize with Friedrich von Hayek.
Output: Social Science
This author's works include one in which a rehearsal of Coriolanus is interrupted by people seeking the help of the protagonist, "the Chief", and one in which the literary Group 47 is transported to the end of the Thirty Years' War. In addition to The Plebeians Rehearse the Uprising and The Meeting at Telgte, he also wrote a novel with a protagonist born right as the ship his mother was on sinks, Paul Pokriefke, and one in which the protagonist chooses to remain a child forever and allows himself to be convicted of a murder he did not commit. For 10 points, name this 1999 Nobel laureate, the German author of Crabwalk and The Tin Drum.
Output: Literature
In the final stanza of this poem, the speaker asks the addressee to roll all of their strength and sweetness ""up into one ball. "" Earlier, he describes finding rubies along the Ganges River and notes that before him lay ""deserts of vast eternity. "" The speaker of this poem would spend hundreds of years admiring the addressee's body and wait for her ""till the conversion of the Jews,"" but unfortunately he hears ""time's winged chariot hurrying near. "" Beginning with the line ""Had we but world enough, and time,"" this is, for 10 points, what poem by Andrew Marvell
Output: Literature
One character in this play is disguised as a French musician and uses that to kill two characters with a bouquet of poisoned flowers. Another character is tricked into knocking down and already-strangled man, which causes him to be falsely blamed for his death.. Don Lodowick and Don Mathias are tricked into marrying the title characters daughter, and the prostitute Bellamira convinces Ithamore to extort money from another character. The title character of this play allows the Turks into the city, but turns around and sells it back to the conquered people The title character of this play is the father of Abigail and fakes his death by drinking poppy and cold mandrake juice, but later falls through a floor into a cauldron of boiling oil. For ten points, identify this play about Barabas, a work by Christopher Marlowe.
Output: Literature
One member of this city kidnapped Chrysippus while teaching him chariot driving, and this city's walls were built by playing music to enchant stones. This city's king Pentheus was ripped to shreds by his mother Agave in a Bacchic frenzy. Its founder was told to stop where a cow laid down; that founder was (*) Cadmus. A notable Seven made war against this city, and one king of this city killed his father Laius at a crossroads. That king's wife stabbed out her own eyes after discovering she had married her son. That king answered "man" to a riddle to defeat the Sphinx which had terrified this city. For 10 points, name this ancient Greek city which Oedipus ruled.
Output: Literature
These figures were the handmaidens to the young Persephone before she was abducted by Hades. These\n beings almost caused the death of Butes before he was saved by Aphrodite. They are sometimes considered\n the daughters of Achelous, and their names are given as Peisinoe, Aglaope, and Thelxiepeia. Orpheus' lyre\n saved the Argonauts from them. In the Odyssey, they are encountered shortly before Scylla and Charybdis,\n and they inspire Odysseus to tie himself to the mast. For 10 points, name these half-bird women whose\n beautiful singing would lure sailors to their deaths.
Output: Social Science
A minor character in this play can be summoned by a bell that does not always work, and does not have eyelids. Near the end, a woman who drowned her illegitimate child attempts to stab another woman in the Second Empire-style room in which the entire play takes place. For 10 points, Estelle and Ines are characters in which existentialist play in which Joseph Garcin claims "Hell is other people," by Jean-Paul Sartre
Output: Literature
Wallace Stevens described this figure singing and chanting the things that are part of him in the poem Like Decorations in a Nigger Cemetery. In the poem A Pact, Ezra Pound writes that this figure broke the new wood [and]/Now is a time for carving. In a 1930 ode to him, another poet describes this earlier writer moaning like a bird/with its sex pierced by a needle and a group of young men chasing his beard full of butterflies"; that is a Garcia-Lorca homage citing this writers putative homosexuality. This poet described a carpenter measuring out a plank in I Hear America Singing. For 10 points, name this nineteenth-century poet whose barbaric yawp was sounded in works like Crossing Brooklyn Ferry and Song of Myself.
Output: Literature
The first section of this work features staccato triads and off-center accents in C minor and is called "What comes therefrom on high. " The second section features three trumpets in C major and the third section consists of legato violins in E major. These sections are called "What built a stately house," and "Der Landesvater. " This work requires a piccolo, contrabassoon, tuba, bass drum, triangle, and cymbals making it one of the largest orchestras required for any of the composer's works. All four main themes were student drinking songs, which is appropriate for the setting it was originally performed. For 10 points, name this overture that Johannes Brahms composed as a musical thank-you for receiving an honorary doctorate from the University of Breslau.
Output: Fine Arts
This man was elected to Congress with the slogan ""Congress needs a tail-gunner. "" He gained notice after a speech in Wheeling, West Virginia. He was criticized for his attack on the clerk Annie Lee Moss on the program See It Now by Edward R. Murrow. Along with attorney Roy Cohn, he was discredited during the 1954 Army hearings, in which Joseph Welch asked him ""Have you no sense of decency, sir"" For 10 points, name this Wisconsin Senator who led witch-hunts against supposed Communists in the 1950s.
Output: History