niryuu/sni-each-converted huggingface dataset:
In an incident in this novel the protagonist befriends a woman after mistakenly assuming she had not yet taken off her shoes. Nancy Derek has an affair with the superintendent of police McBryde, while Harry Turton is the tax collector for a town whose Chief Civil Surgeon, Major Callendar, is the protagonist's boss. Set in Chandrapore, a central event in this novel allegedly occurs at the Marabar caves where Mrs Moore and Ronny Heaslop's wife travel. Adela Quested accuses Dr. Aziz of rape in, for 10 points, what E.M. Forster novel
Output: Literature
This figure was said to have become omniscient near a sal tree at the shore of the Rjupalika river. His followers disagree on whether or not his embryo was transplanted from another woman into his mother's womb by Indra. After allowing himself to be bitten by insects for twelve years, he attained the state of kevala and proclaimed the "five great vows," one more than his predecessor Parshvanatha. This advocate against the Brahmanic practice of large-scale animal sacrifice was the son of Trishala, the last of twenty-four women who had exactly fourteen auspicious dreams, heralding the birth of this final "ford-maker" or Tirthankara. For 10 points, name this sixth-century BCE Indian who preached "ahimsa" and founded Jainism.
Output: Social Science
This ruler's physician Moses Hamon got him to denounce blood libels against Jews, and he had his concubine Mahidevran or Gulbahar banished for beating his wife. This ruler died of natural causes during the Siege of Szigetvar, at which a tiny Croatian force under Nikola Zrinski delayed his army of 100,000 for over a month. This ruler's Code of the Rayas lifted many of his subjects from serfdom, and together with his Grand Mufti Ebussuud he brought Qanun closer to Sharia. At the Battle of Preveza, Hayreddin Barbarossa won a victory which secured this man's domination of the eastern Mediterranean, and he appointed John Zapolya King of Hungary after the death of Louis II at the Battle of Mohacs. The husband of Roxelana, for 10 points, name this son of Selim the Grim, an Ottoman Sultan of the sixteenth century known as "the magnificent".
Output: History
The protagonist of this novel imagines a meeting attended by Lady Cockpurse and Reggie St. Cloud, whom a bridge-playing morphine addict nicknamed the shameless blond had brought in an airplane. Minor characters include the private detectives Blenkinsop and James, who accompany the protagonist and a waitress named Milly to a seaside resort, and the protagonist's son, John Andrew, whose death while riding his horse Thunderclap leads the protagonist's wife to confess to an affair with John Beaver. The protagonist's wife Brenda eventually marries his friend Jock Grant-Menzies after he chooses to accompany Mettinger on an expedition to Brazil, where he is captured by Todd and forced to read Dickens to him in perpetuity. Taking its name from The Waste Land, this is, for 10 points, what novel about Tony Last by Evelyn Waugh.
Output: Literature
It is unknown whether they are Majorana particles, and therefore it is unclear if they are released in double beta decays. They were recently used in an article in Nature to investigate the uranium and thorium content of the inner Earth. Found to oscillate between their different varieties by experiments conducted in Japanese mines, they were shown to not be massive enough to account for dark matter. However, the KamLAND and Super-Kamiokande experiments did show that, contrary to long-held suspicions, they do have mass. FTP, name these uncharged leptons that come in electron, muon, and tau varieties.
Output: Science
Cardiolipin is a so called "double" lipid with four fatty acid tails that is abundant in this organelle. Thermogenin acts as an uncoupler of one process that occurs in these structures in brown fat cells, which get their color due to the abundance of these structures. The F1 complex of a protein found in this structure has been shown to be water soluable, and that protein's F0 complex is a transmembrane domain that releases its product onto the F1 complex. Cytochrome C is a peripheral protein found in the intermembrane space of this organelle, and secretion of that enzyme serves as a signal to trigger apoptosis. For 10 points, name this semi-autonomous organelle, where the bulk of ADP phosphorylation occurs, often called the "powerhouse of the cell."
Output: Science
One king of this polity subjugated the Arzawa kingdom, and under Tudhaliya I it managed to expand into Luwian territory. This empire fell after an invasion by the Kaskas and Bryges, and one document written by this empire states that its subject made his enemies into the frontier of the sea during his conquests. Its early rulers took the title Labarna, and another ruler of this polity defeated the Mitanni kingdom and annexed large parts of Syria, Suppiluliuma I. Another one of its rulers fought in the largest chariot battle in history against Ramses II; that ruler was Muwatallis II, who achieved a victory at Kadesh. For 10 points, name this Indo-European empire found in Anatolia with capital at Hattusa.
Output: History
The allylation of nucleophiles with allylic halides is one example of the Tsuji-Trost reactions catalyzed by this element. Eaborn discovered that it can catalyze the reaction of aryl halides with hexa-n-butyldistannane, and more broadly it underlies the reaction of vinylic and aromatic systems with organostannanes in the Kosugi-Migita-Stille coupling. Also used for the coupling of alkenes and either halides or pseudohalides in the Mizoroki-Heck reactions, this element's chloride is reduced by calcium carbonate before lead acetate is added in the creation of a catalyst which is named for Lindlar. For 10 points, name this element, the least dense of the platinum group metals.
Output: Science
A passage in which two dark figures are reclining separates a crowd of onlookers who are obscured by shadow in the background of this painting, while a skylight not visible to the viewer illuminates the forehead of one of the central figures. On the left, a man behind a desk is writing on a piece of paper above a woman who raises her hands in a clawlike gesture to shield her view from the central action. Blood covers the fingers of the central figure, who stares out at the viewer, while four figures with scalpels at right concentrate on a naked form. FTP, name this painting by Thomas Eakins.
Output: Fine Arts
One of these functional groups can be added to a terminal alkyne, frequently catalyzed by copper(I), in what has been referred as the paradigm of click chemistry by K. Barry Sharpless. That is a 1,3-dipolar reaction known as the Huisgen cycloaddition, which results in a 1,2,3-triazole. One of these is reacted with tri-phenyl-phosphine in the Staudinger reaction; that reaction results in tri-phenyl-phosphine oxide and a reduced version of this functional group. These are defined as compounds containing the group N3 with one nitrogen attached to a parent structure. FTP, name this functional group which can be reduced to amines.
Output: Science
A well-known method for their production utitlizes a cyanide nucleophile. They react with reducing sugars in the Maillard reaction, and their phi-psi torsion angles are shown on a Ramachandran plot. One of these is the namesake of a zipper that forms an alpha-helix conformation, and accumulation of one example of this group causes phenylketonuria. These compounds are created in the Strecker synthesis and a carboxyl and their namesake group are found in the twenty most common ones, which are linked by peptide bonds. FTP, name this type of compound that makes up proteins.
Output: Science
The name for this type of organic compound was first used in 1730 by F.G. Frobenius, and non-IUPAC names for some include anisole and phenetole. Used as solvents for Grignard reagents, and as inert media for reactions like the Grignard and Wurtz-Fittig reactions, along with esters, these can be tested for by splitting them with hydroiodic acid, known as the Zeisel method. These are soluble in organic liquids, but most are not soluble in water, an exception to which is dioxane, a (*) cyclic one of these. They are generally synthesized by reacting alkyl halides with sodium alcoholates, a process known as Williamson synthesis. Featuring two R groups connected to an oxygen, FTP, name this group of organic compounds whose diethyl type is often used as an anasthetic.
Output: Science
In the fallout of this event, Alexander Baring claimed that "No slight to the authority of the United States was ever intended. " One of its instigators was killed by an Irish rebel name Benjamin Lett, and in the incident, only one man named Amos Durfee was killed, although initial reports indicated that dozens had died. After a failed revolt, Rensselaer Van Rensselaer took refuge on Navy Island, leading to this event. It was perpetrated by Col. Allan MacNab, and in retaliation, Martin Van Buren ordered the burning of the S.S. Robert Peel. FTP, name this incident, which saw Canadian loyalists cross the US border to burn a ship supplying separatists.
Output: History
[AR] Raup in 1975 claims in order to utilize the negative survivorship curve at the center of this effect one must assume that there exists a stable age distribution. Coined by Van Valen in 1973, one of the primary consequences of this supposition is that it provides evolutionary legitimization for sexual reproduction to fight off disease. Its primary formulation states, "For an evolutionary system, continuing development is needed just in order to maintain its fitness relative to the systems it is co-evolving with. " For 10 points, name this hypothesis that suggests that constant evolutionary change may be required in order to avoid extinction named after a character who must continually run to stand still in a work by Lewis Carroll.
Output: Social Science
HSP90 aids in the delivery of substances to the translocase of outer membrane complex found on these entities, which are also the site of the combination of protoporphyrin IX with iron to form heme. Kearns-Sayre syndrome and Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy are examples of diseases associated with the transfer of their genetic material, a process which in over 99 percent of mammals involves maternal inheritance as there are roughly 1000 times more of these in oocytes than in sperm. Along with chloroplasts, these are the subjects of endosymbiotic theory, and the foldings of its inner membrane are known as cristae. FTP, identify this double-membrane cell organelle that generates the majority of the ATP in a cell.  
Output: Science
In the second act, the villains of this opera swear an oath of vengeance in "Der Rache Werk" just before the heroine appears and sings "Euch Lften, die mein Klagen" at the beginning of the Balcony Scene. That heroine's first act soliloquy "Einsam in trben Tagen" describes her dream of the title character, who is forced to leave after Ortrud goads the heroine into asking the title character his name. A mechanical error during a performance led Leo Slezak to quip, "What time does the next swan leave"  The Bridal Chorus plays during Elsa's marriage in, FTP, this Wagner opera centering on the titular son of Parsifal.
Output: Fine Arts
Notable translators of it include Alexander Heidel, who rendered all the dirty passages into Latin, and John Gardner. The characters include Siduri "whose drinks refresh the soul" and Ninsun the title character's mother, who interprets many of this dreams. Often known by its first line "He who saw everything," in the latter part of the work the hero encounters talking scorpions who allow him to ascend Mount Mashu and a snake who steals the plant of eternal life which Utnapishtam had told him of. Earlier the hero slew Humbaba and the Bull of Heaven with his friend Enkidu. For 10 points - identify this Babylonian poem about a king of Uruk.
Output: Social Science
A weight of the nth power of this parameter is imputed to contributions to elements of an S matrix by nth-order Feynman diagrams; thus, this number can be considered the order of expansion in perturbative quantum electrodynamics. This constant is a measure of the electron anomalous magnetic moment, which explains its role in the relativistic splitting of atomic spectral lines that is its namesake. The coupling constant for the electromagnetic interactions of electrons, it is equal to the square of the ratio of the electron and Planck charges, or, in cgs units, the electron charge squared divided by the speed of light times Diracs constant. For ten points, name this physical constant usually denoted alpha and equal to about one over one hundred thirty-seven.
Output: Science
This man invented a primitive form of roulette in his goal to develop a perpetual motion machine. His namesake geometric theorem involves a hexagon inscribed in a conic section, whose opposite sides can be used to derive a special line. In fluid mechanics, a principle named for him allows people to break the bottom of a bottle by hitting the top; that principle states that pressure will be transmitted throughout an enclosed, static fluid. A wager named for this man, although philosophical, contributed to probability theory. Identify this French mathematician whose namesake triangle lists off binomial coefficients where each row corresponds to a different power.
Output: Science
This man wrote a play in which Joe Keller knowingly ships defective parts to the military during WWII. That play is All My Sons. In another play by this author Rebecca Nurse is accused of a crime and Tituba is a servant whose confession launches the inquest. This author wrote a play that has a contrast between Uncle Ben's success in the diamond minds and the life of his brother Willy Loman. Willy is the titular figure who kills himself in that play. For 10 points, name this author of The Crucible and Death of a Salesman.
Output: Literature
This man's works include a number of buildings on Nuns' Island in Montreal and a building which features a translucent onyx wall, the Villa Tugendhat. While working at IIT, he designed the Farnsworth House, and his "skin and bones" architecture is exemplified by such works as the Lake Shore Drive Apartments. He and Lilly Reich created the Barcelona Chair for his German Pavilion, while another of his designs features three-position window blinds and the Four Seasons Restaurant, and is located on Park Avenue. For 10 points, identify this last chairman of the Bauhaus, who said "less is more" and collaborated with Phillip Johnson on the Seagram Building.
Output: Fine Arts
When this man told Asopus that Zeus was romancing his daughter Aegina, Asopus went after Zeus but was hit in the leg with a lightning bolt. Two of his sons were killed by their mother Tyro. He also wed Anticlia, who he had earlier kidnapped; he did this to punish her father, Autolycus, who had been stealing his cattle. He was the son of Aeolus and Enarete, and he founded the Isthmian Games. This king of Corinth persuaded Hades to use a pair of novelty handcuffs on himself, preventing the dead from reaching the underworld, which eventually resulted in his punishment. For 10 points, name this man who was condemned to roll a boulder up a hill for all eternity.
Output: Social Science
This work includes an extended analysis of the purpose and nature of architecture as a conflict between rigidity and gravity to illustrate how indistinctly originating human ideas are brought to clarity. The author uses the analogy of magnetism and electricity as the same force to compare to the dual nature of two central concepts, and another section of this work reduces another philosopher's theory of twelve categories of understanding into the single category of causality. This work introspectively deduces that humans perceive their bodies by means of two of the title concepts, both of which consist of the same reality and differ only due to alternate human perspectives. Developing the theory of an entity which exists independently of human experience which is the cause of all sensations, for 10 points, name this text which introduces the "thing-in-itself" as a correction to Kant's metaphysics, a work of Arthur Schopenhauer.
Output: Social Science
Many of his great paintings are now in Russia, as is the case with The Conversation. Late in his life he was too weak to stand at an easel, so he turned to papercuts, the most famous of which was Beasts of the Sea. His artistic career began with his decoration of his grandparent's house at Le Cateau, a theme that he copied in designing the sets for Diaghilev's ballet The Nightingale. His notable paintings include a portrait of his wife entitled Green Stripe, the beautifully thematic The Red Room, and perhaps the most famous, his Joy of Life. FTP, name this French painter known as the founder and leader of the Fauves.
Output: Fine Arts
The scherzo of this composeras first violin concerto begins with the soloist giving octave downbeats to accompany a quick 3/8 melody in the flute and bass clarinet. One of this composeras cello concertos begins with the soloist playing what sounds like aG-E-B-B-flata [read slowly], although it is in E-flat major. The development of the first movement of his fifth symphony begins with a low ashort-short-longa piano figure and the French horns loudly playing the first theme at the bottom of their range. This composeras first cello concerto has a brass section of just one French horn, and his C-minor first piano concerto uses an orchestra of just strings and one trumpet. His A-minor first violin concerto consists of a nocturne, scherzo, passacaglia, and burlesque. His fifth symphony begins with a leap up a minor sixth in the low strings, which play in canon with the violins. For 10 points, name this composer who wrote his fifth symphony after being denounced by Stalin.
Output: Fine Arts
A case involving an amendment to this piece of legislation was brought a party who believed its patent on a salt-measuring machine was infringed upon, and led to the creation of the "Morton Salt rule. " Another act that modified it mandated the used of a "Notification and Report Form" for certain types of interactions and was called the Hart-Scott-Rodino Act. Able to target certain legal acts in their incipiency, Section 7 of this act amended by Robinson-Patman act was originally targeted at holding companies and tests the legality of mergers. Notable for having more teeth than its predecessor, for 10 points, identify this 1914 antitrust act.
Output: History
One work by this man depicts two knives on a table as the title king eats. One marble work by this man shows the title hero staring pensively into the distance, without a dragon. He depicted Erasmo de Narni with a spear atop a horse, and an effeminate version of a biblical hero with hat and sword. For 10 points name this sculptor of the Feast of Herod, St George, Gattamelata, and a bronze David.
Output: Fine Arts
nif regulon codes for enzymes central to this process, which may be inhibited by a shortage of alpha-ketoglutarate or excess glutamate. In some cyanobacteria, it is carried out in specialized thick-walled cells called heterocysts. Vanadium is sometimes used in an alternative co-factor to this process, but is not as common as FeMo-co, which contains homocitrate, an Fe7-S8 cube, and a (*) molybdenum center. The reductase involved in this process is irreversibly inactivated by oxygen, leading to conformational protection in free living aerobes like Azotobactor. This process is also carried out by bacteria including Rhizobium that grow in the root nodules of legumes. For 10 points, name this process which allows organisms to make use of a certain atmospheric gas by converting it to ammonia.
Output: Science
A battery at Nicodemus Hill bombarded one position during this battle where John Sedgwick's advance from the East Woods was repulsed. A.P. Hill stopped Ambrose Burnside's attack on a stone bridge at this battle, before which one side's plans were found(*) wrapped around cigars. Intense fighting in this battle occurred at Miller's Cornfield and at a sunken road that was named for the carnage that occurred there, Bloody Lane. Abraham Lincoln announced the Emancipation Proclamation after, for 10 points, what battle in Maryland, the bloodiest single day of the Civil War
Output: History
Two versions of this quantity are located in the numerator of the protein folding phi value. This quantity is equal to the square of the sum of the Gibbs free energy and the reorganization energy divided by 4 times the reorganization energy according to Marcus theory. This quantity can be computed via synchronous transit methods, which seek to find a saddle point on a potential energy surface. The inverse of temperature is plotted against the natural log of the (*) rate constant to make a graph whose slope is equal to minus this quantity over R. It is represented by the distance between a local minimum and a transition state on a graph of energy vs reaction coordinate. Located in the numerator of the exponential of the Arrhenius equation, for 10 points, name this quantity lowered by catalysts which represents the energetic barrier to a chemical reaction.
Output: Science
The apparatus which he used was marked as a "type ZLB" product of the Dyson Instrument Company of Waltham, Massachusetts. He arranged thirty switches in seven labeled groups of four and two marked XXX. Claiming that his goal was to test the effect of punishment on associative learning, he had "teachers" operate the machine. Nearly all "teacher" subjects continued to increase voltage even after the actor pretending to be the "learner" cried out in pain. FTP, name this man who designed the obedience experiment thus described.
Output: Social Science
Protrusions of this substance in the spine are called Schmorl's nodes, and Tietze syndrome occurs when this is inflammed. Its fibro type can be found in symphyses, while the pinna is composed of its elastic type. The hyaline type of this substance is covered by the perichondrium. (*)  Intervertebral discs are made of this substance, which heals slowly due to its lack of blood vessels. Chondrocytes are cells found in this substance, and during endochondral ossification, it is replaced with bone. Patients with osteoarthritis have a loss of this substance, which normally helps lubricate joints. For ten points, name this connective tissue which makes up the human nose and ear.
Output: Science
The composer of the song The Crabs once saved the life of this ruler, whose name is borne on a law abolishing of immunities of the clergy; this ruler had helped it pass before becoming the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. He defeated a coup by leading the Rebels in the War of the Reform, causing this man to succeed Comonfort, and he went on to annul his countrys foreign debts, leading to the Battle of Puebla. A key figure in drafting the Plan of Ayutla, he put down several insurrections by Porfirio Diaz prior to his death in 1872. FTP, name this Mexican leader who opposed French rule under Maximilian.
Output: History
John Hakac claimed that this poem's "organically complete" third stanza contains "three distinct phases of love". Its speaker makes a comparison to "a magic lantern" which "threw the nerves in patterns on a screen" and describes "the voices dying with a dying fall / Beneath the music from a farther room". Its speaker admits that he is "not Prince Hamlet, nor was meant to be" and says he "should have been a pair of ragged claws / Scuttling across the floors of silent seas". Opening with the line "Let us go then, you and I," it describes the speaker's distaste for women who "come and go / Talking of Michelangelo. " For 10 points, identify this poem by T. S. Eliot.
Output: Literature
Henry Kister wrote numerous books on the design and operation of this type of process. It is possible to adjust equilibrium behavior to observed behavior in this type of process using an efficiency calculation named after Murphree, and Hengstebeck diagrams can be used for troubleshooting when multiple components are present. Stanislaw Wasylkiewicz developed a model using bifurcation theory to determine effectiveness of two sequential processes of this type running at different pressures. A one-stage related process is called a (*) flash unit, and the upper portion of columns where this process occurs is known as the rectifying section. When multiple components are present the bulk separation in this process is targeted between a light and a heavy key. It's not adsorption, but its pressure-swing form or addition of entrainers can be used to break azeotropes. For 10 points, name this technique for separating components by volatility, often conducted in multi-trayed columns.
Output: Science
His Variations on a theme of Corelli was released well after leaving his homeland for the U.S. where he twice turned down leadership of the Boston Symphony. His earlier output includes two Suites for two pianos, two elegiac trios for keyboard and strings, and a Vespers. His struggle with depression is evident and he actually dedicated his Second Symphony to his psychiatrist Nikolay Dahl. This occurred after his time studying with Alexander Solti and Nikolay Zverev in Moscow, and the writing of his opera Aleko. Other famous works by this Romantic composer include the choral symphony The Bells, the symphonic poem The Rock, and his Rhapsody on a theme of Paganini. FTP identify this 20th century composer best known for his third Piano Concerto No. 3 in D Minor and The Isle of the Dead.
Output: Fine Arts
During this conflict, Danish and Frisian troops helped Sancho I capture Alvor, and Iconium was taken by a force that had earlier captured Adrianople; however, the momentum of the latter force was lost when its leader died near the Salif River. Another force had to detour to Cyprus in order to free Berengaria, the fiancee of one of its leaders. Finally united at (*) Acre, the attacking forces won the city and then fought a pitched battle at Arsuf. It failed to take Jerusalem, and in 1192 Saladin agreed to allow pilgrims access to the city, thus ending the conflict. For 10 points, name this crusade which saw the peacemaking efforts of Philip II, the death of Frederick Barbarossa, and the quick return to England by Richard the Lion-Hearted.
Output: History
One series of works by this person is exemplified by a work with a telephone pole having no wires connected to it in the center-left background, behind a pre-indicated stop sign and street sign with the work's title location. Another series by this artist contains one work in which blue shuttered windows and doors, the one at top-left open, frame the two title objects, red and blue, which lean, folded, against the wall and another work in which a glass-and-adobe building and director's chair look out at a yellow board above a pool containing the titular phenomenon. The aforementioned works from this artist's photomontage and pool series are Pearblossom Highway, 11-18th April 1986 #2; Two Deckchairs, Calvi; and A Bigger Splash. A painting by this artist shows a woman with short blond ringlets in a long, loose black dress in front of a closed shutter standing near her barefoot green-clad husband, in whose lap rests a white cat, the third title figure. For 10 points, name this creator of the aforementioned painting of Mr. and Mrs. Clark and Percy, an erstwhile English Pop artist.
Output: Fine Arts
Landau quantization in two dimensional systems can explain effects due to this entity, which produces a toroidal shape in tokamaks, and is also equal to the curl of the vector potential A. A potential difference is formed when this is applied perpendicularly to the current in the Hall effect, and charge is multiplied by velocity cross this quantity to find the (*) Lorentz force. One can integrate this quantity around a closed loop to find the enclosed current according to Ampere's law, and Gauss's Law states that the net flux of this through a surface is zero. The SI unit of Tesla measures, for ten points, what counterpart to the electric field
Output: Science
After fleeing the Russian Army, Jaroslaw Dabrowski became its military leader. Another of its leaders was nicknamed "locked up" because he spent over half his life in jail. A week before it was declared, Generals Jacques Thomas and Claude Lecomte were murdered. Those deaths led to a crisis in which the Central Committee of the National Guard declared itself powerless, and a council consisting of 92 members took power under the presidency of Auguste Blanqui. It temporarily cancelled rents, had pawnbrokers return tools to their original owners, and abolished the guillotine. In the end, it was crushed by Marshall MacMahon over the course of "Bloody Week. "  FTP, name this socialist government which for two months in 1871 held power in the capital of France.
Output: History
An extension of this statement was refined by Wilfried Sieg to include only boundedness, locality, and determinancy, and Steven Wolfram expanded it to systems in the natural world. Tibor Rado introduced a function for which it doesn't apply known as the busy beaver, and it could be challenged by the existence of an oracle. One version of it grew out of Hilbert's decision problem, while another formulation stated that real world numerical problems could be expressed using the lambda calculus. For 10 points, name this doubly eponymous principle that says every computable function can be computed with one of its namesake's machines.
Output: Science
Taft's strong dissent in Adkins v. Children's Hospital suggested that this case should be overruled. The "era" that this case ushered in ended with a case that saw the notorious "switch in time to save nine," West Coast Hotel v. Parrish. Much of Rufus Peckham's opinion dealt with whether the law in question constituted a proper use of the police power. John Marshall Harlan's dissent in this case decried the Court's attempt to become a legislature, while Oliver Wendell Holmes's dissent stated that the fourteenth amendment does not enact Spencer's Social Statics. FTP, name this 1905 case which overturned a law concerning bakers' working hours.
Output: History
Self-Perception Theory is an alternative explanation of the data behind this this that focuses on observable behavior rather than mental processes, and counter-attitudinal advocacy is a brainwashing technique based on this. When a person undergoes this, extrinsic justification is preferred to intrinsic justification. A famous 1959 experiment dealing with this concept demonstrated that people paid a trivial amount of money rated mundane tasks more interesting than their higher-paid counterparts did. First proposed in 1957 by Leon Festinger after observations of a doomsday cult, this is, for ten points, what condition that is caused when a person has two or more conflicting ideas
Output: Social Science
In this battle, Colonel Raiynin led the 1077th Anti-Aircraft Regiment, which was composed entirely of young women. The command of Mamayev Kurgan altered several times during this battle, during which Yakov Pavlov used an apartment building as a fortress. During this battle's Operation Uranus, Vasilevsky and (*) Zhukov encircled the enemy, including General Paulus and his Sixth Army who were unsuccessful in constructing an air bridge with the Luftwaffe. For ten points, name this Eastern Front battle in which the Nazis were unable to take control of a certain Russian city on the Volga.
Output: History
One character of one of this mans novels is the son of Abraham and Aurora and attempts to find Moorish paintings in Spain to find his heritage. That character, Moraes, is the title character of The Moors Last Sigh. Another work by this author examines the struggle of Ali Bhutto in Pakistan, and is entitled Shame. A better known novel by this author sees two characters float to earth after a terrorist bomb destroys their airplane, after which one gains a halo and another demon horns. Perhaps the best known novel by this author depicts Saleem Sinai, who was born at a certain time in 1947. For ten points, identify this author of The Satanic Verses and Midnights Children.
Output: Literature
A distressed youth grabs a lifeless master in this artist's Giclee depiction of the death of Leonardo, and he showed a nude girl sensuously pouring the contents of a vase in The Source. A red and white towel is wrapped around the hair of a nude figure in one work, while a nymph plays with the beard of a deity in another. This artist of The Bather of Valpincon and (*) Jupiter and Thetis showed a hunched man talking to a winged beast in his Oedipus and the Sphinx and the titular woman chained to a rock in his Roger Rescuing Angelica. Naked women abound in his Turkish Bath while one figure plays an instrument and the other is just very nude in Odalisque and Slave. Also depicting angels crowning the titular Greek poet, FTP, identify this French painter of The Apotheosis of Homer who added too many vertebrae to the reclining nude in La Grande Odalisque.
Output: Fine Arts
Early in his career, this man became head of the Cercles of Stanleyville, and distributed literature for the Liberal Party of his country. His movement would later break into two factions, one headed by this man, and another headed by Albert Kalonji. His time in office saw the rise of secessionist movement under Moise Tshombe of the CONAKAT party, leading to UN intervention. After his removal from office, his successor sent him to Katanga province, where he was tortured and executed by those same rebels. FTP, name this leader of the MNC who was overthrown by a CIA-backed coup lead by Joseph Mobutu, the first prime minister of the Congo.
Output: History
By one of its provisions the French fortifications of Dunkirk were to be razed, while another gave Charles VI all the land that he coveted on the right bank of the Rhine. Another commercial part returned Savoy and Nice to Victor Amadeus II, and by the terms of the Asiento, Britain gained a virtual hegemony over the slave trade in the New World. Its three major portions were the Third Barrier Treaty, the Treaty of Baden, and The Treaty of Rastat. FTP, identify the name given to this series of treaties that, by 1715, ended the War of the Spanish Succession.
Output: History
This poem's speaker compares his praise of the "glories of [his] King" with the singing of "committed linnets. " Its speaker lies tangled in the hair of the title character, who is based on Lucy Sacheverell, and contrasts "Fishes that tipple in the deep" with "Angels alone, that soar above. " The speaker argues that "When Love with unconfind wings / Hovers within [his] gates," the "birds that wanton in the air / Know no such liberty. " FTP, identify this poem that declares "Stone walls do not a prison make / Nor iron bars a cage," by Richard Lovelace.
Output: Literature
The Left Book Club commissioned this author's description of northern England living conditions in The Road to Wigan Pier. He wrote about George Bowling contemplating the approaching Word War II in Coming up for Air, and his time in a certain country led to his account of "Shooting an Elephant" and his first novel, Burmese Days. He is better known for a work in which Mr. Jones and Mr. Frederick represent the leaders of Russia and Germany to characters like Boxer, Old Major, and Napoleon. For 10 points, name this British author of Animal Farm.
Output: Literature
In one work by this creator of The Triumph of Caesar, a fat black bird, a dark-skinned man with a headdress, and a bunch of flying infants look down through a painted oculus in the ceiling of Camera degla Sposli, found in the (*) Mantuan Ducal Palace. This painter of Agony in the Garden also showed a woman sticking a handkerchief in her left eye on the side of a notably foreshortened corpse. For 10 points name this painter of Dead Christ.
Output: Fine Arts
This battle was preceded by the landing at Pevesney, and it took place at Senlac Hill. This battle was preceded by the defeat of Harald Hardrata at Stamford Bridge. According to the Bayeux Tapestry, one commander at this battle died after getting struck in the (*) eye by an arrow. Two months after this battle, the victor was crowned king in London. For 10 points, name this 1066 battle in which the forces of Harold II were defeated by the Norman forces under William the Conqueror.
Output: History
Leopold Godowsky composed a passacaglia with 44 variations on the opening theme of this work, most later scores of which seem to be based off of the score published by Spina rather than the original monograph. Most drafts omit the sustained B pedal in the first horn and second bassoon at bar 109 in this piece, which open in the cellos and basses before its theme is brought in by the winds. A solo clarinet entrance brings in a second theme before passing to the oboes in the second movement of this work, during which its composer began composing the Wanderer Fantasy as well. It was first premiered by Johann Herbeck, who also added a third movement as a finale. For 10 points, name this eighth work by Schubert, so named for only containing two complete movements.
Output: Fine Arts
Though he is not Fragonard, this artist painted a woman in a blue and white dress timidly stepping on the\n title object in his painting The Swing. He painted a woman in a striped dress in front of a man peering\n through opera glasses in his painting of a theater box. This artist painted a red background behind a pair of\n sisters dressed in the title colors in his Pink and Blue. One painting by this artist shows a woman in a blue\n and yellow striped dress being leaned over by another woman at a party, and in another painting this artist\n shows a female figure attempting to kiss a small dog as three different people wear yellow straw hats. For\n 10 points, name this artist of Dance at the Moulin de la Galette and Luncheon of the Boating Party.
Output: Fine Arts
After this artist challenged an attributed painting to Correggio that was actually by Francesco Furini, he was inspired to paint Sigismunda. His portrait of Captain Coram was painted for the Foundling Hospital its subject founded. This artist's painting Night depicts a magistrate who has the contents of a chamber pot emptied over him. This artist of The Four Times of the Day included his dog Trump and an S-shaped (*) "line of beauty" on a palette in his self-portrait The Painter and his Pug. Another of his artistic subjects is depicted dumping his pregnant fiancee Sarah Young and has his watch stolen by syphilis infected whores before he goes to Fleet debtor's prison and ends up in an insane asylum. For 10 points, name this satirist who depicted seedy London life in A Harlot's Progress and A Rake's Progress.
Output: Fine Arts
Species responsible for mild forms of this ailment include vivax and knowlesi, the latter of which primarily affects macacas, while most serious forms of it are caused by the species falciparum. Extracts from Artemisia annua are used to combat this disease, whose pathogenesis involves merozoite spores infecting red blood cells. Its key vector is a member of genus Anopheles, and heterozygous alleles for sickle cell anemia confer a degree of resistance to this disease. Traditionally, the strongest treatment for it is a medicine derived from cinchona bark, quinine. For 10 points, identify this disease carried by mosquitoes and caused by Plasmodia that comes from Italian for bad air.
Output: Science
The trouble in this novel begins when the protagonist's wife asks him for permission to go study economics at a university in London. When their son John dies, the protagonist sends his friend Jock Grant-Menzies to break the news to his wife, who then demands a divorce. He refuses to give her one, and she must ask her lover's mother, Mrs. Beaver for a job. Meanwhile, the protagonist goes to South America, where his friend Messinger dies and he is held captive by Todd, who makes him read aloud the novels of Dickens. The Lord of Hetton Abbey, Tony Last, is a main focus of, FTP, what novel by Evelyn Waugh
Output: Literature
One linguistic phenomenon named for this country can counteract the loss of distinction introduced by flapping, thus making "writer" and "rider" distinct words again, and is known as this country's namesake  "raising." This country is the namesake of a linguistic phenomenon in which the cot-caught merger triggers the vowels in "black," "pen," and "tin," to move backwards; that "shift" named for this country is essentially the opposite of the Northern Cities Vowel Shift. Unique words in this country's English include terms for what Americans call "jelly donut," "moonshine," and "hoodie," which are "jam buster," "porch climber," and "bunny hug." For 10 points, name this country, the homeland of linguists such as Stephen Pinker, which also uses terms such as "ridings" and "First Nations" and has a form of English which shares official language status with French.
Output: Literature
This island's city of Khania is located on the Akrotiri Peninsula. This island's only major flatlands is the Mesara Plain, which is separated from the Libyan Sea by the Asterousia Mountains. This island's mountains als include the Levka Ori and the Dhikti Ori. The oldest known theater was located at this island's site of Phaestus, and Nikos Kazantzakis Airport is located at this island's capital of (*) Heraklion. The highest point on this island is Mount Ida. For 10 points, name this island that was the home of the Minoan civilization.
Output: Social Science
During glycogen synthesis, a diphosphate derivative of this molecule serves as a carrier for glucose monomers. Cytosine spontaneously deaminates to form this molecule, which can be specifically removed by DNA glycosidase. Marshall Nirenberg showed that a polymer of this molecule, added to a certain cell-free extract, would result in the creation of proteins with radioactive phenylalanine. A "pseudo-" form of this molecule, symbolized psi, is found in one arm of transfer RNA, and it forms two hydrogen bonds with adenine. For 10 points, name this nucleotide that replacing thymine in RNA.
Output: Science
Its male protagonist latches on to the prominent birthmark of his deceased father's lover, as an emblem of disgust. She attempts to arrange his marriage with Fumiko, but he commences an affair with her mother, Mrs. Ota, another of his deceased father's lovers. Finding no happiness in this affair, and hindered by his hate for Chikako, Mitani Kikuji cannot find the will to marry Fumiko. Set against the intricacies of the tea ceremony, FTP, identify this Kawabata novel, whose title refers to the pattern on Fumiko's kimono.
Output: Literature
Alternating light and dark bands found at the base of these geological formations are known as ogives (OH-jives). These formations erode the surrounding terrain through processes known as plucking and abrasion. Such erosion can lead to the development of indentations known as cirques (SEERKS), which often have small lakes referred to as tarns. They form crevasses on their surface. For 10 points, name these large flows of ice.
Output: Science
This thinker discussed a line from Heine where a character says of Baron Rothschild, "He treated me quite as his equal--quite famillionairely" in developing a division between tendentious and non-tendentious humor. He discussed the difference between the death drive and libido in his Beyond the Pleasure Principle and later wrote a work which described the difference between manifest and latent content while analyzing "Irma's Injection" in relation to "wish fulfillment". For 10 points, name this developer of the theory of the id, ego, and superego, the author of The Interpretation of Dreams.
Output: Social Science
In 1862 a quake created a new bay on it called Proval. Home to the golomyanka, a fish which gives birth to live young, its namesake seal is also known as the nerpa. It is fed by the Uda, Chikoy, Selenga and 333 other rivers, but only one, a tributary of the Yenisey flows out of it. FTP, name this lake drained by the Angara, the world's deepest.
Output: Social Science
The Johnson-Corey Chaykovsky reaction produces them from carbonyl compounds through the action of a sulfonium ylide. They may also be synthesized by treating a halohydrin with a suitable base, which will catalyze a ring-closing SN2-style reaction similar to Williamson synthesis. Allylic alcohols can be treated with t-butylperoxide and titanium tetraisopropylate to produce them stereoselectively, a reaction that won a 2001 Nobel Prize for its discoverer, Barry Sharpless. Also the end result of the Prilezhaev [prih-leh-ZHEY-ev] reaction, they are produced by treating an alkene with a peroxyacid in a process also known as the "Butterfly Mechanism," and are highly reactive, in part due to their approximately 60-degree bond angles. FTP, name these compounds, cyclic ethers whose rings contain only three atoms.
Output: Science
In The Illiad, this deity strikes Artemis on the ear, causing Artemis to leave battle and climb into Zeus's lap. The birth of this deity under the lygos tree was celebrated in the Toneia at the sanctuary of  Samos, while the pear tree and cow were sacred to this entity. This goddess was once handcuffed  with a golden chain and hanged with anvils dangling from her feet. She is the mother of Eileithya and  (*) Hebe, and she wears the polos. Described as "white-armed," she dogs the steps of a person who, as a cow, is the origin of the term Bosphorus. For 10 points, name this tormentor of Io, the eldest daughter  of Kronos and Rhea and mother of Eris and Ares, who attacks those who sleep with her brother-consort  Zeus.
Output: Social Science
The novel begins in 1801, after the narrator arrives at Thrushcross Grange. The housekeeper Ellen Dean tells the story, and the novel ends with Lockwood's visit to three headstones after he learns of the marriage of the heirs of Linton and Earnshaw. FTP, identify this 1847 novel, set in a remote part of Yorkshire, which was originally published under the pseudonym of Ellis Bell and features the love of Catherine and Heathcliff.
Output: Literature
Operation Product and Operation Kraai were two massive police actions in this country. The New York Agreement granted land to this country and temporarily aligned it with the United States during the Cold War. A failed military coup, the Thirtieth of September Movement, led to violence in this nation. This nation's Democratic Party of Struggle was once led by its only female Prime Minister, Megawati Sukarnoputri. That attempted coup led to an anti-Communist purge and the rise of a regime called the New Order, led by Suharto. For 10 points, name this country that went through "Guided Democracy" under Sukarno, the most populous Muslim country in the world.
Output: History
A more advanced form of this quantity is symbolized J and is called the density of this. In one case that density is equal to the permittivity of free space times the time derivative of the electric field. That case was introduced by Maxwell and is called the displacement of this quantity. One law states that its sum about at a junction is zero. It is measured by an ammeter (AM-ee-ter) and is equal to voltage divided by resistance according to Ohm's Law. This quantity is measured in amperes. For 10 points, name this rate of charge, which can be viewed as direct or alternating.
Output: Science
The title character of this novel performs the "Wave of the Blue Sea" dance in one scene, and the blank chapter entitled "Vanished into the Clouds" represents the death of the title character in this novel. The protagonist of this work is the son of Kiritsubo and his concubine. The title character of this work is married to Aoi, but has affairs with Lady Fujistubo and Utsusemi and eventually marries his stepmother's neice, who is named Murasaki. For 10 points name this work written during the Heian period, by Lady Murasaki Shikibu.
Output: Literature
In one poem, he asked "A Simple Child / That lightly draws its breath, / And feels its life in every limb, / What should it know of death" In another, he wrote of "a boy of five years old" who prefers to be in Klive because there is no weather-cock there. In addition to "We Are Seven" and "Anecdotes for Fathers," he wrote an autobiographical poem recounting how he crossed the Alps and climbed Snowdon, The Prelude, and of a "host of golden daffodils" in "I wandered lonely as a cloud. " FTP, name this poet who composed a few lines above Tintern Abbey and collaborated with Coleridge on Lyrical Ballads.
Output: Literature