niryuu/sni-each-converted huggingface dataset:
In this polity, the Gedong Kirtya museum houses an important collection of Lontar manuscripts which were used to record its history. The Klungkung monarchs, who once ruled over this polity, were weakened in a 1908 conflict that spared the Kertha Gosa pavilion in its city of Semarapura. Galungan is a 10-day festival analogous to Dasara that is celebrated by the majority Hindu population of this island. The highest point on this island is the active volcano Mount Agung, and the Lombok strait separates this island from an eastern neighbor. The difference in the Fauna between Lombok and this island was observed by Alfred Wallace, and its seaside city of Kuta was the target of two bombings in 2002 and 2005. For 10 points, identify this member of the Lesser Sunda Islands which lies to the east of Java.
Output: Social Science
This book was edited by Marcion of Sinope to create a dualistic religion. A woman who was bent over for eighteen years is healed in this book's thirteenth chapter. Like a later book, this one is addressed to Theophilus, which lends credence to the idea that its author also penned Acts of the Apostles. This Synoptic Gospel is the only one to feature the parables of the Corrupt Steward and the Good Samaritan. Its first chapter describes the ministry of John the Baptist. For 10 points, name this longest Synoptic Gospel, the third overall, which comes between Mark and John.
Output: Social Science
This economist connects cosmos and taxis with thesis and nomos in three volumes entitled Rules and Order, He wrote The Mirage of Social Justice in a work entitled Law, Legislation, and Liberty. Oskar Ryszard Lange was rebuked by this economist in an essay entitled The Use of Knowledge in Society, which is contained in a work entitled Individualism and Economic Order. Three parts entitled The Value of Freedom, Freedom and the Law, and Freedom in the Welfare State comprise his The Constitution of Liberty, which he appended with the postscript Why I am Not a Conservative. For 10 points, name this Austrian-born economist who used Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union as examples of arguing that collectivism tends to lead to tyranny in The Road to Serfdom.
Output: Social Science
Descartes proposed a thought experiment in which all one has of this is due to a demon, and Quine's argument that no statement can be truly analytic allows him to support a doctrine holding that certainty in this is impossible, called fallibilism. The Gettier problem questions the traditional formulation that a statement's truth and its belief implies that it is this, while another philosopher discussed how this can be derived either through statements about "relations of ideas" or through "matters of fact" in Hume's fork. For 10 points, identify this concept defined as the intersection of what is true and believed, the theory of which is called epistemology.
Output: Social Science
He defended his administration in Presidential Problems, and authored the Olney Corollary along with his secretary of state in response to the Venezuela and British Guiana boundary dispute. Earlier, he had vetoed the Five Cent Fare Bill for violating the transit company charter as governor of NY. Reverend Samuel D. Burchard propelled him to office by calling Democrats the party of "rum, Romanism, and rebellion," causing his opponent James G. Blaine to lose the Irish vote. FTP name this president first elected in 1884, the only man to serve served two non-consecutive terms in that office.
Output: History
The large southern provinces of this country include Adrar, Tamanghasset, and Illizi, while the majority of its divisions are clustered around the capital and include Media, Blida, and Boumerdes. Despite being watered by the Wadi Saour and Wadi Djaret, it is covered by several deserts, including the Great Western Erg and Great Eastern Erg. Cities of over half a million people in this country include Constantine and (*) Oran . The eastern Atlas Mountains stretch across, for 10 points, what country, which borders both Tunisia and Morocco, has a northern Mediterranean coast, and is a large former French colony in North Africa
Output: Social Science
The alternating form of a construct named for him has existential and universal states and is non-deterministic. With an American, he lends his name to a theorem expanded on by Stephen Kleene that concerns the universality of using simple mechanical methods to solve any "effective" problem. One construct proposed by this man comes cannot answer the (*) halting problem and consists of a head reading and writing symbols on a tape. The reverse form of a test named for this man can be demonstrated with CAPTCHAs, although the regular form of that test asks a human to decide if he's speaking to a machine or not. The co-namesake of a theorem with Alonzo Church is, for 10 points, which British computer scientist
Output: Science
Literary works by this composer include his Theory of Harmony  and Brahms, the Progressive. He   wrote a cantata based on poems by Jens Peter Jacobsen and he created a work which ends with a  group of Jews singing the "Shema Yisroel". This composer of the Gurre Lieder [GUR-uh "leader"]   and A Survivor From Warsaw  composed a string sextet inspired by a Richard Dehmel poem. Poems  by Albert Giraud [zhee-roh] serve as the basis for another work by this man in which the narrator  speaks in the "Sprechstimme" [SHPREK-shtee-muh] style. Name this proponent of the twelve-tone  system who composed Transfigured Night  and Pierrot Lunaire [pyair-oh loo- nair]
Output: Fine Arts
The only concerto by Jean Sibelius is for this instrument; that work was dedicated to Willy Burmester and has been performed by Jascha [YAH-shah] Heifetz. It is the lead instrument in Berg's Concerto "To the memory of an angel" and Mozart's "Turkish Concerto". Bela Bartok's sonata for a solo of this instrument was written for Yehudi Menuhin, and Edouard Lalo's Symphonie espagnole--which can be considered a concerto for this instrument--was dedicated to Pablo de Sarasate. This instrument plays a series of twenty-four pieces written from 1802 to 1817, a set of caprices by a virtuoso of this instrument, Niccolo Paganini. Name this instrument performed on the Schindler's List soundtrack by Itzhak Perlman, who uses a Stradivarius.
Output: Fine Arts
This author wrote a work in which the speaker has "passed by the watchman on his beat / and dropped my eyes", while another of his poems mentions that Mary "sat musing on the lamp-flame at the table" before telling Warren "Silas is back."   This author of  "Acquainted with the Night" and (*) "Death of the Hired Man" wrote another poem in which the narrator "look[ed] down one [path] as far as [he] could/ To where it bent in the undergrowth."  That poem claims that the speaker's decision "made all the difference" after "two roads diverged in a yellow wood". For ten points, name this American poet of  "The Road Not Taken."
Output: Literature
In particle physics, this word names peaks in the cross section of a scattering experiment  corresponding to the indirect observation of short-lived particles. The "width" within which this effect  can take place is equal to the viscous coefficient over the mass, and as that gamma ratio decreases,  this effect becomes more pronounced. In LC circuits, this effect occurs alongside minimum impedance  at one over the square root of (*) inductance times capacitance. The Q-factor can be defined as the  ratio of this effect's associated frequency to the aforementioned width. Via a von Karman vortex street,  this effect destroyed the Tacoma Narrows bridge. For 10 points, name this increase in amplitude that  occurs when an oscillator is driven at its natural frequency.
Output: Science
This man's father died during Lord Dunmore's War, and he founded a settlement after hearing a vision from the Master of Life. This man's namesake conflict included a faction called the Red Sticks, and was spurred when a Lenape chief died, allegedly of witchcraft, and also stemmed from the Treaty of Fort Wayne. His alleged killer used a political slogan containing his name that began "Rumpsy Dumpsy. " His brother was named Teskwatawa, and suffered defeat at the hands of William Henry Harrison at Tippecanoe. For 10 points, name this brother of The Prophet, a Shawnee chief who was allegedly killed by Richard Mentor Johnson in the War of 1812.
Output: History
He wrote about the fates of Sinfin Carrasco, Justino Perez, Roberto Lopez, and the rest of the "crew" who engaged in the titular fight in his "Furious Struggle Between Seamen and an Octopus of Colossal Size," which along with "Fear" and "We Are Many" appeared in the volume Estravagario. He wrote poems to a "fallen chestnut," a "yellow bird," and "laziness" in his Elemental Odes, while his earlier works include poems about the battle of the Jarama River and one entitled "The Magellan Heart. " Later in his career politics played a larger role in his work, as seen in book-length historical poems like Canto general and a work based on his visit to an Incan city in the nation north of his own, "The Heights of Macchu Picchu. " FTP, name this author of Twenty Love Poems and a Song of Despair, a Nobel laureate from Chile.
Output: Literature
This anthropologist used the example of a boy's funeral to show how the mixing of religious and political symbols is problematic in his article, Ritual and Social Change. He was greatly influenced by Wittgenstein's attack of the idea of private language, and Weber's interpretative social science, as seen in his Agricultural Involution and Peddles and Princes. He wrote that culture is the "webs of significance" spun by man, and that "culture is public, because meaning is". Both of these appear in a book that discusses this man's method of ethnography, Thick Description. He says that the title practice is "use of emotion for cognitive ends" in Deep Play: Notes on the Balinese Cockfight, which appears in his most famous collection. For 10 points, name this author of The Interpretation of Cultures.
Output: Social Science
In 1995 scientists at Ohio State discovered that they possess a property called "homing. "  Theories of how they arose are divided into the "late" and "early" camps and could not be resolved when they were discovered in the cyanobacterium Fischerella. They can occur in the middle of a domain, and sometimes even within a single codon. They are located by spliceosomes and those genes possessing them are termed "split. "  FTP, name these pieces of DNA that are excised as opposed to exons.
Output: Science
Some species in this group of animals have heat-sensitive pits in their heads, and most have only one working lung. The invasive brown tree type has caused many bird extinctions on Guam, and they use their tongues to gather scent molecules. Some kill prey by (*) constriction or use fangs to inject venom, and the largest ever to exist was the titanoboa. For 10 points, name these limbless reptiles that include the python and cobra.
Output: Science
Some confusion exists as to this mans parents: some say they were Antion and Perimele, while others say his father was a man killed by his brothers Lycus and Nycteus. This guy had a daughter named Phisadie, who was given as a slave to Helen, and his sister may have been the Coronis loved by Apollo, assuming that his dad was indeed Phlegyas. Most agree though that he tricked Eioneus by making him fall in a pit of fire, shortly after marrying that mans daughter Dia. Afterwards, only Zeus would purify this guy but he ungratefully attempted to copulate Nephele, a cloud made to look like Hera, and by this act fathered the Centaurs. FTP, name this man finally punished when he was bound to a fiery wheel in hell for eternity.
Output: Social Science
The artists friend Meyer de Haan appears with two semi-nude women surrounded by flowers in his Barbarian Tales. A naked black woman lies on her stomach on a green bed in one painting by this painter. He drew a tree branch to set off the main action taking place on a vermillion background in another work. This painter of Spirits of the Dead Keep Watch and Jacob Wrestling with the Angel also painted a religious figure surrounded by Breton women. He depicted an old woman with a white bird at her feet representing the final stage of life in another painting. For 10 points, name this French painter who painted The Yellow Christ and Where Do We Come From What Are We Where Are We Going while living out his life on Tahiti.
Output: Fine Arts
Recent studies have shown that infectivity of the cytomegalovirus may require this functional group in its free form. It can be qualitatively detected using lead(II) acetate, which produces a yellow solid if this functional group is present. They are oxidized by mild oxidizing agents such as molecular iodine to produce disulfides, and cysteine is unique in that it is the only amino acid to bear this functional group. FTP, identify this functional group from organic chemistry formerly known as mercaptan and consisting of a sulfur atom bonded to a hydrogen atom.
Output: Science
In 2006, members of the Kaingang ethnic group in this country who threatened to blow up a hydroelectric plant were finally compensated for the use of their land, while in 1988, the federal government of this country brought charges of genocide against five men who had murdered members of the Xacriaba ethnic group in an attempt to exterminate them. The Kuikuro and the Kalapalo are the most numerous ethnic groups represented in this country's Xingu National Park, which was established on behalf of indigenous peoples by Cndido Rondon. In 1992, this country, which has more un-contacted ethnic groups than any other, opened a special reservation for the Yanomami to keep out gold prospectors who were taking their land. Indigenous groups in this country comprise a sizeable population in such states as Acre, Roraima, and Par. FTP, identify this South American country that has indigenous or mestizo majorities in such cities as Belm and Manaus.
Output: History
A historic industry in this nation was damaged in the 1970s by the "quartz crisis". Legends in this country's history include the Oath of the Rutli. A public display of meat-eating during Lent in this country sparked the Affair of the Sausages. A victory of this nation over Leopold I's Austrian cavalry at Morgarten united three (*) "forest" regions in its center. Warriors from here lost the 1515 battle of Marignano, when their heavy use of the pike failed them. A reformer who argued for a purely symbolic Eucharist at the Marburg Colloquy was from here, as is a group of mercenaries who dress in blue and yellow stripes to protect the Pope. For 10 points, name this home of Reformation leader Huldrych Zwingli, a landlocked, long-neutral European nation.
Output: History
In one of this mans short stories, a soldier works on a machine to heal his hand and insists that the narrator learn correct Italian as he recovers. In another, Krebs returns to his town after a war and encounters apathetic villagers. In addition to In Another Country and Soldiers Home, this author wrote about the hunter Wilson in a story in which Margot may have killed her husband, the title character, who had a Short, Happy Life. In a better known story, the action opens with a writer, Harry, whos dying of gangrene in view of the title mountain, while in a longer work, Jake Barnes is unable to have sex with his wife due to a war injury. For ten points, identify this American writer, the author of The Sun Also Rises, A Farewell to Arms, and The Old Man and the Sea.
Output: Literature
Lin and Shu proposed the density-wave theory to explain how the structure of these entities is sustained. The most accurate method for measuring the distances to distant ones uses a relation between their maximum rotational velocity and absolute magnitude, which is known as the Tully-Fisher method. They are generally blue because of their high content of old stars, and one type of them features arms that emanate from each end of a namesake structure. They have discs like the lenticular type, but contain much more angular momentum than the elliptical type. FTP name these galaxies, some of which are barred, including the Milky Way.
Output: Science
His final ruling stint came after his victory near Mount Hymettus. He extended influence by recovering Sigeum, thereby controlling the Hellespont, and by acquiring the Thracian Chersonese. His second time in power came after he married the daughter of Megacles, although he was later forced out by Megacles and Lycurgus. This son of Hippocrates had first come to power with much difficulty but peacefully passed rule to his son Hippias. FTP, name this man who unified Attica as the 6th century BC tyrant of Athens.
Output: History
Inventory control is modeled by the Markovian type of this concept, and in the Keynesian Cross, this equals the total output of an economy at efficiency. The Slutsky equation relates two forms of this. The Hicksian form of it assumes constant utility and is usually contrasted with the Marshallian form. Say's Law states that this is created by the presence of goods, and Keynes did work on the "aggregate" form of it. This quantity has a downward sloping curve and can be defined as the amount of a good or service consumers are willing to buy at a given price. For 10  points, identify this economic concept, commonly contrasted with supply.
Output: Science
son of Zeus was the proud owner of a color-changing calf, a symbol predicted by the Delphic Oracle. Poseidon punished him by infusing his wife with zoophilia after he intentionally slew the wrong sacrificial animal. He was killed by a scalding bath prepared for him by the man he had imprisoned. After his death, he judged the dead in Hades, along with Aeacus and Radamanthus. One of this mans more notable acts as ruler involved trapping his wifes half bull child in a creation built by Daedalus. For ten points, name this king of Crete and husband of Pasiphae who employed who trapped the minotaur after he commissioned the Labyrinth.
Output: Social Science
The Orthodox Christian saint Josaphat was said to be one of these, and his name is a distortion of the word used to designate them. A 500-foot-tall statue is being built in Kushinagar in honor of one named Maitreya, who some believe will come after the teachings of Shakyamuni disappear. To become one, it is necessary to master the six perfections, after which you choose to be either one of these or an Arhat. Those such as the Avalokiteshvara and the 14th Dalai Lama who chose to stay behind and help others on their path to Nirvana are known by, FTP, what term used in Mahayana Buddhism that literally means "wise being"
Output: Social Science
While in Rome, this artist depicted a muscular title character who brandishes white-hot iron in one hand while Apollo enters the central scene. This artist depicted the voluminous black hair of a man wearing a green coat in one of his portraits. A drunken outdoor feast culminates in the drunken crowning one of the revelers in this artists work that shows the triumph of Bacchus. This artist of a portrait of Juan de Pareja and Los Borrachos showed the titular goddesss face reflected towards the viewer in his Rokeby Venus. He also depicted Ambrosio Spinola receiving the keys of a city in a painting also sometimes called The Lances. For 10 points, name this artist who depicted the Surrender of Breda and also painted a dwarf and a large dog next to the Infanta Margarita in his Las Meninas.
Output: Fine Arts
The interrogator present at this event was Dr. Ecken, who was in the employ of the Archibishop of Trier. Frederick III was responsible for this event in part, and his intervention was necessary primarily due to the execution of Jan Hus. The edict issued from this meeting failed to cause its subject to be executed but did prevent many of his books from being read or published. One person present at this meeting famously said Here I am; I can do no other before leaving for the Wartburg; that man was present at the proceedings primarily to answer charges of heresy. For ten points, identify this 1521 meeting at which Martin Luther was present, named for the town in Germany where it was held.
Output: History
Troops under this man perpetrated the 228 massacre, during which thousands of civilian deaths resulted from military force used. Financial aid to this man's troops was stymied under the Harry Dexter White led IMF, and his country signed into effect a new constitution mandating a five-branch system of government in 1947. This man called for the Northern Expedition, and the Zhongshan Warship incident helped him overtake his political rival Wang Jingwei. FTP, name this leader of the KMT who took over for Sun Yat-Sen and led the Republic of China until 1975.
Output: History
son-in-law of King Kartanagar used a force sent by this ruler to depose the usurper Jayakatwang; due to the failure of that force led by Yikomusu, this man was unable to make Java a vassal state. This man supported the rule of King Wonjong, and his daughter married Wonjong's son Chungnyol Wang, which increased his infuence over the Goryeos of Korea. He lost much of his naval possessions after a devastating incident at Hakata bay. He eliminated strongholds of the Song dynasty by 1279 CE, and his court at Dadu also hosted Marco Polo. The kamikaze winds prevented the invasion of Japan by, for 10 points, which grandson of Ghenghis Khan who founded the Yuan dynasty of China
Output: History
One of this composer's pieces for piano, which begins with a long section in the key of A in Lydian mode and which changes keys following a circle of fifths, is Phrygian Gates. Another piece, which started out as Wavemaker and was then written for a string septet and then string orchestra, is Shaker Loops. This composer has labeled his Foxtrot for Orchestra as an outtake from one of his operas, and it is sometimes referred to as The Chairman Dances. His piece subtitled Fanfare for Orchestra, which features a woodblock repeatedly hitting quarter notes and is about four minutes long, is Short Ride in a Fast Machine. Name this composer whose operas include A Flowering Tree, Doctor Atomic, and Nixon in China.
Output: Fine Arts
This man utilized the contrast between Pare in Indonesia and Sefrou in Morocco to analyze his own anthropological practice in his work After the Fact. The author of a collection of philosophical essays entitled Available Light, he analyzed a synthesis of symbols, myths, rituals, and ceremonies, which he terms "drama" in a work which utilizes the example of a certain theatre state, Negara. In one of this man's works, he described a situation in which the stakes are so high that it doesn't make sense to play, a term called deep play, through the lens of a Balinese cockfight. In another, he described the uses of explanation that seeks to explain not only the practice, but the motive behind it, known as his "thick description. " For ten points, name this man who wrote The Interpretation of Cultures.
Output: Social Science
A coup in this country in 1936 led to a four-year period called the 4 August Regime, and a coup   just before 1967 elections in this country led to a seven-year period known as the Regime of the  Colonels. A major step towards this country's independence took place at the Battle of Navarino   in 1827, where several European powers defeated the combined forces of Egypt and the Ottoman  Empire. This country's actions in 1974 gave Turkey an excuse to invade Cyprus. Its current leader,  Antonis Samaras, recovered from a controversy over relations with this country's neighbor Macedonia. Name this country that officially calls itself the Hellenic Republic.
Output: History
A W.T. Stace work called The Philosophy of him includes a fold-out diagram of his thought, while this mans notes and papers are cited as Zusatz. The Owl of Minerva is a journal dedicated to the thought of this philosopher while A.V. Miller and J.N. Findlay are considered leading translators and explicators of this mans works. Unusual readings of this mans works include M.H. Abrams interpreting one of his major works as a Bildungsroman while Benedetto Croce explored what is living and what is dead in his philosophy. His Lectures on the Philosophy of Fine Art are less well-known than another set of lectures that discusses heroes like Caesar or Napoleon and early practitioners of the titular enterprise like Thucydides and Herodotus. Lectures on the History of Philosophy covers similar ground to, FTP, The Philosophy of Right, a book by this German thinker best-known for the Phenomenology of Spirit.
Output: Social Science
One section of this work includes poems about the significance of wine to various figures, including the lonely man and the murderer. That section comes between the sections ""Revolt"" and ""Death. "" Its longest section features poems such as ""Sorrows of the Moon,"" ""The Sick Muse,"" and ""Invitation to the Voyage. "" A poem which introduces this volume addresses the reader as ""Hypocrite leader, my likeness, my brother! "" For 10 points, name this 1857 poetry collection by Charles Baudelaire.
Output: Literature
Upon heating, this element sublimes from its most common ore, mispickel. This element reacts with zinc metal and sulphuric acid to produce a gas which is then passed along a heated glass tube in the Marsh test for its presence. The yellow allotrope of this element resembles white phosphorus in adopting an unstable tetrahedral arrangement. In the body, this element can accumulate in the mitochondria and react with lipoic acid, inhibiting the action of pyruvate dehydrogenase. Forming a III-V [three-five] semiconductor with gallium, for ten points, name this element which also appears in salvarsan, Erlich's "magic bullet" for syphilis, despite its extreme toxicity, a non-metal with symbol As.
Output: Science
This painting was drawn from a cartoon by Michelangelo showing two of the title characters kissing. The action takes place around a light blue silk sheet, on which rest two masks on the bottom left. The central figure holds an orange in her left hand and a wand in her upraised right. The decapitated man on the top left is Fraud, and just below him is howling Jealousy. Most noticeable is the raw eroticism as Cupid caresses the breast of Venus and kisses her. FTP, name this masterpiece of Agnolo Bronzino.
Output: Fine Arts
This man reformed the fyrd militia system so that it fought in shifts, allowing for the creation of a standing army without disrupting agriculture. In addition to establishing the burhs system of forts, this man built a secret military base on the swamp island of Athelney. This mans advisors included Bishop Asser, who wrote an early biography of him. This author of the so-called doom book won control of all territory west of Watling Street when he won the Battle of Edington against Guthrum the Old. Apart from translating many religious works into English, he is best known for ending the Danegeld. For ten points, name this King of Wessex, the only English monarch with the epithet the Great.
Output: History
Brodsky and Berman determined this chemical's structure, which includes a sheath of stabilizing ordered water molecules. Due its dearth of cysteine residues, cross-linking of occurs near the N- and C-termini between lysine and histidine residues with the aid of lysyl oxidase. Ascorbate is dietarily necessary because it is needed by the enzyme prolyl hydroxylase, which forms one of this molecule's prevalent residues. Consisting of over thirty distinct chains assembled into at least nineteen different varieties, the most common residue sequence is glycine-proline-hydroxyproline. FTP, name this triple-helical protein, the most abundant in vertebrates, that provides tensile strength in tissues like tendon, teeth, and bone.
Output: Science
One governor of this state, Robert Lucas, successfully retained a strip of land after mobilizing militia at the Maumee River, and the Adena culture in this state constructed the Great Serpent Mound. Agents from this state were ordered to return all "tax" money seized from the Bank of the United States in the case Osborn v. Bank of US, and Chief Justice Salmon P. Chase served as governor of this state. A senator from this state was known as "Mr. Republican" and co-wrote the Taft-Hartley Act, while another senator from here authored the Sherman Anti-Trust Act. For 10 points, name this state whose former senator, John Glenn, founded a school at a university in Columbus.
Output: History
This novel's protagonist befriends a woman at a mosque after assuming she was wearing shoes, and that woman later dies on a ship while the protagonist is on trial. During the Krishna Festival, the protagonist meets Stella, and this novel is divided into sections including "Mosque" and "Temple." This novel takes place in [*] Chandrapore, where Ronny Heaslop, Mrs. Moore's son, rejects Cyril Fielding's advice and decides not to marry Adela Quested when she withdraws charges against the protagonist. For 10 points, name this novel in which Dr. Aziz is accused of raping a woman at the Marabar Caves, written by E. M. Forster.
Output: Literature
god turned the intrusive Agraulos to stone for easier access to her sister Herse, and he laid a trap so he could catch and rape the swift Cretan princess Apemosyne. He's not Poseidon, but this deity turned Battos to stone and Hierax into a hawk for tattling on two of his exploits. In one story, this deity wins back the sinews of Zeus from Typhon, and he kills the giant Hippolytos with a golden sword. This god is robbed by Arabs in one of Aesop's fables. He was honored by namesake rectangular sculptures topped with his head and usually placed at crossings and boundaries. This god's most sacred ground was the place of his birth, Mt. Kyllene, and along with Zeus he rewarded Philemon and Bauchis for their hospitality. As a child, this god crafted the first lyre after stealing Apollo's cattle. For 10 points, name this owner of the caduceus and some winged sandals, the Greek messenger god.
Output: Social Science
An astronomical device called a torquetum (tor-KAY-tum) is depicted near the top-right of this painting, while a crucifix half-hidden behind a curtain can be seen in the top-left corner. A globe is placed next to one of the title figures, who wears a large fur-trimmed coat and stands on an Oriental carpet. This painting depicts Georges de Selve and Jean de Denteville, as well as an example of anamorphosis (aa-nah-more-FO-sis). For 10 points, name this painting with a notable distorted skull, painted by Hans Holbein the Younger.
Output: Fine Arts
In this novel, a promise by Mr. Brown to resume festivities after the rain ends causes the rainfall to continue incessantly for over four years. Another character is able to break crockery at the slightest touch, and that character and sixteen others by the same name are killed on Ash Wednesday. Other characters include Remedios, who levitates to heaven, and Ursula, the matriarch, who sees the rise and fall of various members of the Buendia family, who live in Macondo. For 10 points, identify this work of Gabriel Garcia Marquez.
Output: Literature
In the second act of this opera, one character returns a gold coin to another. That act opens at the inn of Lillas Pastia and sees Dancare and Remendado inform the title character that they must dispose of their contraband. The Card Song plays in this operas third act and is sung by the protagonists friends Frasquita and Mercds, after the male protagonist sings the Flower Song. The Toreador song is sung by the bullfighter Escamillo, who is shot at by Don Jos before he stabs the title gypsy, who proclaims that love is a rebellious bird in her Habanera. For 10 points, name this Georges Bizet opera about a Spanish gypsy cigarette girl.
Output: Fine Arts
This pathway can be used to reduce the amount of the toxic terpenoid gossypol in cotton seeds without doing so in the rest of the plant. The original research on this concept was performed using the unc-22 and unc-54 genes, important to muscle contraction. One result of this pathway sees cleavage by Argonaute. This process begins when a certain type of double-stranded nucleic acid is cleaved by the Dicer enzyme and incorporated into the RISC. A diet of transformed bacteria induces this process in C. elegans, where it was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello. For 10 points, name this cellular mechanism which stops the transcription of a gene.
Output: Science
The people associated with this nation were pushed to the west of the Don by the Khazars and settled in their current location in the ninth century. Esztergom served as the capital of this nation's people in the 11th century when they were ruled by the Arpad Dynasty, the most notable exemplar of which was St. Stephen I, who converted them to Western Christianity. Eventually this kingdom reached as far south as Transylvania, but after the Mongols crushed them in the 13th century, the capital was moved to Buda. In the nineteenth century, it agreed to a dual monarchy with one seat of power in Vienna. FTP identify this nation in the Carpathians, south of Austria and the Czech Republic, with a capital at Budapest.
Output: History
This country's northwest is home to the Islamic Uighur (WEE-gur) people. The leader of another religion from this country described the "Five Great Relationships" and listed virtues like "reciprocity" and "culture" in one of the "Four Books." Adherents of a third religion from this country follow the practice of "no action," or wu wei. For 10 points, identify this country home to Confucianism and Daoism.
Output: Social Science
This thinker argued that propositions were the true objects of thought in an early paper titled, "The Nature of Judgment", the ideas of which are taken largely from this philosopher's dissertation, "The Metaphysical Basis of Ethics". This thinker denied that one could conclude that all relations are internal from Leibniz's law in the paper "External and Internal Relations", while another famous paper by this philosopher asked whether esse was principi en route to arguing against A.E. Taylor's version of the titular philosophy. This philosopher offered his hands as the titular concept in his paper titled "Proof of an external world", and in his most famous work argued that it was impossible to define goodness in natural terms. The author of "The Refutation of Idealism", for 10 points, identify this thinker who critiqued the naturalistic fallacy in his magnum opus, Principia Ethica.
Output: Social Science
One novel set in this city features "apparat"s that share data about characters like Eunice Park and Lenny Abramov. That novel is Gary Shtyenngart's Super Sad True Love Story. In another novel set here a key found in an envelope prompts a meeting at which William Black is told by Oskar Schell about a voicemail consisting of the repeated phrase "Are you there" In another novel set here Keith Neudecker's estranged wife Lianne repeatedly sees the title street performer. For 10 points, name this setting of Jonathan Safran Foer's Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close and Don DeLillo's Falling Man, both of which center on responses to the 9/11 attacks.
Output: Literature
The Declaration of St. Germain ended much of the fighting in this conflict and during it the arrest of Pierre Broussel led to a mass barricade demonstration. It was interrupted by the Peace of Rueil, and one of its prominent participants, Marshall Turenne, pursued the Prince de Conde into the Spanish Netherlands. Divided into parts named for the Parliament and the Nobles, it occurred during the regency of Anne of Austria. Followed by the Franco-Spanish War and sparked by dissatisfaction with the policies of Cardinal Mazarin, it drew its name from the children's slings used by participants. For 10 points, name this peasant uprising during the early rule of Louis XIV.
Output: History
In a 1984 study, J.G. Miller showed that this was less common among Indian Hindus than Americans. The common term for it was first coined in the work "The Intuitive Psychologist and His Shortcomings", while studies by Daniel Gilbert have shown it to be more common when cognitive load is high. Lee Ross coined the term for it in 1977, while Edward Jones and Victor Harris demonstrated it in a famous 1967 experiment in which subjects read essays and were then asked to rate the authors attitudes toward Fidel Castro. Also called the "correspondence bias," FTP, name this psychological tendency to over-emphasize personality attributes and under-emphasize situational attributes in explaining the behavior of others.
Output: Social Science
Two species of bullhead fish introduced into this body of water in the 1960s died out within thirty years due to changing salinity, which also encourage the growth of saxaul plants on its shores. Vozrozhdeniya Island in this body of water was used as a research station for (*) biological weapons. The delta between Muynak and Nukus on the southern coast of this sea was a center for muskrat trapping, one source of employment for the Karakalpak people. The Qaraqum Canal  diverted water to irrigate cotton fields that should have flowed into this sea, which could no longer be replenished by the Syr Darya. For 10 points, name this sea once found between Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan.
Output: Social Science
character in this work sings the drinking song "Trinke, Liebchen, trinke schnell," and another sings a traditional song called a "czardas" while pretending to be a Hungarian countess. In an aria sometimes referred to as his "song," one character in this opera advises his guests to indulge their fancies or "Chacun  son gout. " When confronted by her husband in the guise of a judge, the lead soprano produces a repeater (*) stop-watch as evidence of his flirtations. That character is surprised to find Alfred serving his jail sentence after running into his wife Rosalinde and her maid Adele at a farcical ball orchestrated by Falke. For 10 points, name this work in which Eisenstein attends Prince Orlofsky's ball, an operetta titled by Johann Strauss after a flying mammal.
Output: Fine Arts
This author discusses how the concept of "leaf" is a mere approximation, and the concept of "honesty" is even more so, in a work that claims "every word immediately becomes a concept." In one of his works, this author of "On Truth and Lies in a Nonmoral Sense" discusses the Apollonian and Dionysian dichotomy to describe how a dramatic genre came into existence. In another work, he created a character named the Madman who proclaims, "God is dead." For 10 points, name this author of The Gay Science, The Birth of Tragedy, and Beyond Good and Evil.
Output: Social Science
One of the three major sources for this work is a ballad from Runeberg's Songs of Ensign Stal about Lotta Svard, while another is the novel The Runagate Courage. One scene opens with one of the title characters singing "The Song of the Great Capitulation," while another features the successful sale of a capon. In the end, three of the four title characters are killed, as Kattrin is shot while beating an alarm on the roof of a farmhouse, Eilif is executed in retribution for his brutality to peasants, and Swiss Cheese dies after refusing to give up his regiment's cash-box. The twelve scenes of the play cover a period between 1624 and 1636, during which the first title character follows the Protestant armies of the Thirty Years War. FTP, name this work that was first produced in 1941, a play by Bertolt Brecht.
Output: Literature
One failed strategy in this war was the Strategic Hamlet Program, and the Iron Triangle and Cu Chi were some of the extensive tunnels used by one side in this war. After this war, William Calley was convicted for his role in a massacre, and during it, a Buddhist monk immolated himself in protest of [*] Ngo Dinh Diem's policies. The My Lai massacre was perpetrated during this war, which saw the use of Agent Orange. The U.S. embassy was subjected to a surprise attack during this war's Tet Offensive, and America fully entered this conflict after the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution. For 10 points, name this proxy of the Cold War, after which Saigon was renamed Ho Chi Minh City.
Output: History
The cooling named for this effect is a type of laser cooling that impacts particles within a certain   range of speeds. A profile named for this effect is used to find the temperature of a gas based on the  way that this effect broadens spectral lines. The transverse type of this effect is explained by the   time dilation of special relativity and was confirmed by the Ives-Stilwell experiment. Astronomical  measures of this effect led to the development of Hubble's Law and the belief that the universe  is expanding. Name this change of frequencies such as redshifts and blueshifts caused by relative  velocities between a source and observer.
Output: Science
This object once crashed into the Maffei I group, ejecting the latter from its group. Companions to this object include the Pegasus and Cassiopeia dwarves. The bright globular cluster G1, also known as Mayall II, is in this object. In 1991, this object was discovered to have a double nucleus. This object's apparent neighbor, the Triangulum galaxy, may be gravitationally bound to it. Edwin Hubble discovered the first Cepheid variable in this galaxy, proving that it was not a star cluster in the Milky Way. Named for and contained in a constellation including Sirrah, for 10 points, name this large member of the Local Group, the nearest spiral galaxy to the Milky Way.
Output: Science
When Cardano applied it to the formula, "x cubed equals 15x plus 4," it gave an answer involving the square root of  "negative 121," but he knew the equation had "x equals 4" as a solution, so he showed that it could work with quantities more general than real numbers. A false proof it was given by Leibniz when he asserted that "x to the fourth plus t to the fourth" could not be written as a product of two real quadratic factors, but he didn't notice that the square root of "i"could be written in the form "a plus (b times i). "   It simply states that every polynomial equation of degree "n" with complex coefficients has "n" roots in the complex numbers. FTP, name this basic theorem of mathematics.	
Output: Science
Weyls theorem can be used to show that the Dirchlet type of these are asymptotic, providing an answer to the Mark Kac-proposed question can one hear the shape of a drumIn quantum mechanics, ladder operators alter these quantities by one, and they are taken to be 1 or -1 for the permutation operator. Always real for a Hermitian matrix, they are the roots of the characteristic polynomial, and for diagonal matrices, they are given by the entries of the diagonal. For 10 points, name these scalars that, when multiplying a matrix, are equal to the product of a vector with that matrix and which are usually denoted by the Greek letter lambda.
Output: Science
This ruler's armies conquered the Zan people of Georgia but suffered losses to a group led by Totila. His forces engaged Gelimer's in the Vandalic War, and a namesake plague during his reign forced him to cancel many of his public works projects. The Chalke and the Baths of Zeuxippus were damaged during his reign after the Blues and Greens united, forcing him to remove Tribonian from office. That mob in the Hippodrome was crushed by his general Belisarius. For 10 points, name this Byzantine emperor who survived the Nika riots, instituted a namesake law code, and reconquered parts of the Western Roman Empire.
Output: History
John Mood wrote books about this author "on Death and other Oddities" and "On Love and other Difficulties. " William Gass translated this author's concept of "weltinnenraum" as "innerworldspace" in a book titled "reading" this author. This poet described a caged animal who sees "a thousand bars, and beyond them no world" in a poem inspired by a Rodin sculpture, and praised Gaspara Sampa as an ideal hero in the first of a set of ten poems. This author of "thing-poems" like "The Panther" asked "Who, if I cried out, would hear me among the angelic orders" in poems named for a castle. For 10 points, name this German poet of the Sonnets to Orpheus and the Duino Elegies.
Output: Literature
Some opponents of this agreement denounced the "November Criminals" and propagated the "Stab-in-the-back legend." Some of this treaty's terms were set by Lords Sumner and Cunliffe, nicknamed the "Heavenly Twins." An ally of one party involved in this treaty was subject to the Treaty of Trianon, which was signed in a nearby palace. It transferred control of the Saarland and created a "corridor" centered on the Free City of Danzig. One delegate here joked that he was "seated between Jesus Christ and Napoleon" at its negotiation, and that British Prime Minister was David Lloyd George. For 10 points, name this treaty that punished Germany after World War I.
Output: History
After struggling with Gruffydd ap Llewellyn for two years, he overran Wales with his army. Despite allegiances he had sworn after being shipwrecked, he accepted the witenagemot's election of him as king. He was promptly forced to put down an attempted led by the Norwegian king Hardraada and his own brother Tostig, which he did successfully at Stamford Bridge. However, in less than a month he took an arrow through the eye at Senlac Hill and was dead. FTP, name this man who briefly rules as king of England before he was defeated at Hastings by William the Conqueror's forces.
Output: History
A ruler of this city tortured prisoners in a cave known as his "ear" and drank himself to death after his play Ransom of Hector won a prize. Citizens of this non-Athens city could be banished by a system of votes written on leaves, called petalism. This city's celebration of a festival for Artemis allowed Romans under Marcus Claudius Marcellus to infiltrate and capture it. This city defeated Asdrubal at the Crimissus under the command of Timoleon, decades after beating Carthage at the battle of Himera. Tyrants of this city included Agathocles, Dionysius the Elder, and Hiero II, who legendarily commissioned a resident of this city to build a death ray and a mechanical claw to resist the Romans. For 10 points, name this Sicilian city that was home to Archimedes.
Output: History
Judith Weir was inspired by this author to compose a concerto for 10 instruments entitled Musicians Wrestle Everywhere, and Leon Kirchner's The Twilight Stood is based on this author's "There Came a Wind Like a Bugle". The first of Simon Holt's Two Movements for String Quartet, based on poems of this author, begins with a rapid viola solo that imitates the ($) flight of an insect and is titled "Blue -- uncertain stumbling Buzz". Aaron Copland set works such as "Heart, we will forget him!" and "I felt a funeral, in my brain" in his 12 Poems of this author, and the third movement of John Adams's Harmonium is based on this poet's (*) "Wild Nights." For ten points, name this reclusive "Belle of Amherst", whose "I heard a fly buzz when I died" and "Because I could not stop for death" have often been set to music.
Output: Fine Arts
When they are threaded by magnetic fields, they can exhibit waves that propagate in the direction of the field known as Alfven waves, while their characteristics are frequently measured with a Langmuir probe. The kinematic behavior of these entities, which exhibit a collisionless power transfer known as Landau damping, is governed by the Vlasov equation, and a fluid model of processes in them is known as magnetohydrodynamics. They do not allow the propagation of waves below their namesake frequency, and the characteristic shielding parameter in them is known as the Debye length. Often contained in tokamaks, FTP, identify this state of matter consisting of an ionized gas.
Output: Science
This man showed an early interest in the work of Jacob van Ruisdeal, whose forest scenes influenced a piece by this man that sees a farmer walking down a curving path in the center of the painting, with a mountain range visible in the background. That work, Wooded Upland Landscape, is similar to another work of this man, set in his home town, which sees a person seated in front of an embankment near a small pond while trees and clouds dominate the rest of the painting, titled Landscape in Suffolk. In addition to landscapes, he painted portraits of John Campbell, the 4th Duke of Argyll, as well as a portrait of a Suffolk couple titled Mr. and Mrs. Andrews. For 10 points, name this English portrait artist, a rival of Joshua Reynolds best known for a painting of Jonathan Buttall.
Output: Fine Arts