niryuu/sni-each-converted huggingface dataset:
One city by this name is located at the confluence of the Caney Fork and Cumberland Rivers. The establishment of the Viceroyalty of New Grenada was a boon for a different city of this name, since it became the de-facto capital and a naval base. That is why it was targeted by Edward Vernon in the most significant battle of the War of Jenkins' Ear. That city is called this "of the Indies" and is located in Colombia. The sailors who founded that city came from another city of this name located on the coast of Murcia, also an important naval station. That city, in turn, was named "new" this by Hasdrubal Barca in 224 BC, after its mother city located on a spit of land between Lake Tunis and the Mediterranean, where it had separate ports for its naval and merchant fleets. For ten points, what is this city name that began when Queen Dido cut a cowhide into strips to enclose the land that became this city
Output: Social Science
These objects are formally defined as isomorphic to connected, acyclic graphs. They support traversal methods known as walks, and self-balancing examples of these include the B- and red-black ones. A special case of these structures in which child values are always less than parent values is known as a heap. When the nodes of these structures have at most two children, they are called binary. For 10 points, name these fundamental computer data structures in which nodes are known as roots or leaves.
Output: Science
The Schaeffer-Bergmann variety of this phenomenon arises in interactions with sounds that take place in crystals, and the Kirchhoff formalism derives this phenomenon from a scalar differential wave theory. The Cornu spiral is a graphical depiction of Fresnel integrals, which characterize the near-field variety of this process, while the far-field variety is known as the Fraunhoffer type. For a circular aperture, this phenomenon results in Airy discs, and the Rayleigh criterion represents the maximum resolvability of a lens known as this phenomenon's namesake limit. Governed in x-ray crystallography by Bragg's law, FTP, identify this optical effect in which light bends around the edges of an aperture.
Output: Science
Jasper Johns's Racing Thoughts and Kaspar Malevich's Solar Eclipse with [this work] both feature recreations of it, the former in black and white and the latter with two red Xs. Fernand Leger created a version "with keys," while E. H. Gombrich pointed out the distinctive sfumato at the corners of the eyes. Margaret Livingstone claimed that this painting's most famous feature is captivating because it is not perceptible by foveal vision and thus nearly disappears when it is looked at directly. Featuring an added mustache in Duchamp's parody L. H. O. O. Q., for 10 points, name this painting famous for its subject's lack of eyebrows and enigmatic smile, a portrait by Leonardo da Vinci.
Output: Fine Arts
This operation is an automorphism of the Schwartz space and, by duality, the space of tempered distributions. This operation restricted to the dense subspace formed by the intersection of the L 1 and L 2  spaces is a linear isometry into L 2 according to the Plancherel theorem, which can be used to prove its uniqueness. The integral over the reals of the squared modulus of a function f is equal to the integral over the reals of the squared modulus of this operation applied to f, which is equivalent to the fact that this operation is unitary, according to Parseval's relation. This transform is integrated over the reals and is defined using a complex exponential. For 10 points, identify this operation that transforms a time- domain function to one in the frequency-domain, and which shares many properties with the Laplace transform.
Output: Science
As a result of glacial melting and the monsoon season, the level of this river in the late summer is as much as 30 feet higher than its level in January, requiring some of its ports, such as Herzada, to have separate high- and low-water landing points. With a name deriving from the Sanskrit for "elephant river," it forms from the confluence of Mali and Nmai rivers, passes through three gorges before reaching Mandalay, and empties into the Andaman Sea. FTP, name this major river of Myanmar.
Output: Social Science
This man half-jokingly suggested that he would teach his wife to read Amadis de Gaul instead of the Bible, and later wives included the runaway nun Charlotte de Bourbon and a daughter of Admiral Coligny. Among this mans co-conspirators was Floris de Montmercy, who was executed before Anne of Austria could ask her husband to spare him. This man offered the kingship of his country to Francis, Duc dAlenon et dAnjou, after a series of victories by Alessandro Farnese forced him to turn to France for support. This man was assassinated by Balthasar Gerard in 1584, before the liberation of his nation was complete. For 10 points, identify this Dutch freedom fighter, whose heirs were Stadtholders of the United Provinces and whose great-grandson of the same name ruled England with his wife Mary II.
Output: History
A blank-faced woman sitting against a red and ocher background is the subject of this artists The Plum Blossoms, while the subject of his Zorah on the Terrace is sitting under sunlight with a goldfish bowl next to her. He drew a portrait of his wife with the title entity serving as an artificial shadow line in one work, while he depicted a group of people holding hands in a circle against a blue-green background in another. In addition to The Green Line and Le Danse, this artist painted a work with various paintings, sculptures, and ceramics in The Red Studio, as well as a work subtitled Souvenir de Briska was burned at the Armory Show in 1913. The Red Studio and The Blue Nude were among the works of, FTP, which French Fauve artist
Output: Fine Arts
A disproportionation reaction using this type of compounds in the presence of alcoxides to yield esters is named for Tischenko, while another type can be formed by reacting a secondary amine with a pyridinium salt. In the presence of a strong base, two equivalents of these yield an alcohol and a carboxylic acid in the Cannizzaro reaction. They can be reduced to primary alcohols, and they react with a set of alkyl ammonium compounds to form a silver mirror in the Tollens test. For 10 points, identify these compounds which feature a carbon double bonded to an oxygen and single bonded to an alkyl group and a hydrogen, exemplified by etha-nal and propa-nal.
Output: Science
This man addressed his aesthetic theories in his lecture ""Ten O'Clock,"" which was collected in his book The Gentle Art of Making Enemies. Many of the letters in that work address those who attacked his work The White Girl and a painting that was likened to ""flinging a pot of paint in the public's face. "" This painter of (*) Nocturne in Black and Gold: The Falling Rocket is better known for a painting of a woman seated in a chair against a wall. For 10 points, name this painter of Arrangement in Grey and Black: The Artist's Mother.
Output: Fine Arts
This mans innovations included the buffalo horns formation, and he gradually phased out the use of the assegai. Henry Flynn and Nathaniel Isaacs became acquainted with him and recorded many of his exploits. He instituted a conscription policy known as Impi and first obtained prominence at the Battle of Gqokli Hill. Moshoeshoe was his chief rival, and in addition to proclaiming a three-month fast, he ordered seven thousand people executed upon the death of his mother Nandi, and he was later murdered and succeeded by his half-brother Dingaan. Responsible for the turbulent Mfecane, FTP, name this man whose name translates as "intestinal parasite," an iconic Zulu chieftain.
Output: History
In a play by this author, a woman hides a handgun in her dress and twelve photos of the protagonist as a boy are found in his suitcase. A character in one of his plays speaks about the omnipresence of Goodness as the walls pull back to reveal spinning planets. In another play, this author wrote about a meeting between the Prince and the leader of the "Pentagon" that is interrupted when a woman throws a bomb at the window. A play by this author features a ritual in which a boulder is rolled away from the mouth of a cave, supposedly allowing the dead to roam free for a day. The communist Hugo Barine murders Hoederer in a play by this author who wrote about Orestes and Electra defying Zeus in another work. For 10 points, name this French playwright of Dirty Hands and The Flies.
Output: Literature
This text describes a war of four kings against five and the conception and birth of a figure who is prophesized to be a "wild donkey of a man". One figure in this text sends a messenger to Nahor's house in order to find a daughter-in-law, and later marries Keturah. Abimelech, the King of Gerar, is struck barren in this text after confusing another figure's wife for his sister. This book describes how the Land of Shinar was home to a notable edifice, while another location in this book is sealed with a flaming sword after a figure created from a rib eats from the tree of knowledge. For ten points, name this first book of the Hebrew Bible and Old Testament.
Output: Social Science
This god owned the Stymphallian Birds and had his son Cycnus killed by Heracles. Heracles managed to injure this god with an arrow in the thigh, and he was held captive in a jar by the Aloadae. This god was caught in a sturdy but invisible net after his affair with Aprhodite was uncovered by Hephaestus. This son of Zeus rode into battle with his sons Phobos and Deimos. For 10 points, name this analogue of Mars, the Greekgod of warfare.
Output: Social Science
One part of this work depicts an old woman with drooping breasts with her head facing down and is\n entitled The Old Courtesan. A man struggles under the weight of a woman in a part of this work named I\n am Beautiful. This work also includes a depiction of a man who ate the bodies of his own children. Two\n sculptures which were originally part of this work are one which depicts Francesca and Paolo engaging in\n the title action and one which depicts a man with his hand underneath his chin. Those sculptures are The\n Kiss and The Thinker. For 10 points, name this massive sculpture by Auguste Rodin which was inspired by\n Dante's Inferno.
Output: Fine Arts
This man, known to his supporters as the Father of the Poor, had a brother, Benjamin, who was known as the Kiss, and ran his countrys secret police. Deposed once in a military coup, this man was elected to his countrys senate following the presidential election of Eurico Dutra, and he would go on to win his last presidential election in 1950. Francisco Campos, this mans justice minister, helped draft his most famous plan, which was supported by the Integralistas. This mans downfall came about following the dismissal of his protg Joao Goulart and the attempted murder of opposition journalist Carlos Lacerda. FTP name this dictator who committed suicide in 1954 and established the quasi-fascist Estado Novo in Brazil.
Output: History
This war's naval battles of Kinburn and Sinope saw some of the first uses of ironclad warships. This war ended not long after the Omar Pasha led the Siege of Kars, and it began with Allied victories at Alma and Inkerman. French forces then trapped the Black Sea fleet during the Siege of (*) Sevastopol. The "Lady with the Lamp," Florence Nightingale, was a nurse in this war, which saw a disastrous cavalry charge at the Battle of Balaclava. For ten points, identify this major European war which was ended by the 1856 Treaty of Paris and was named after the Ukrainian peninsula on which most of the fighting occurred.
Output: History
In the foreground of one of this man's paintings, a brown-clad monk reaches forward with a goblet to meet a number of swords. That painting by this man, his largest canvas ever, unexpectedly places a two-tiered blue-and-gold crown on a one-eyed Batavian and was systematically sliced apart in a desperate attempt to sell the fragments. In another of his paintings, an older beret-wearing figure peeks out from behind a curtain to gaze at the title figure, who lies in bed as a golden infant with an anguished expression flies above her. This artist of The (*) Conspiracy of Claudius Civilis and that depiction of Danae painted a work centered on a skullcapped man, who stands in an alcove behind a quintet of hat-wearing men who examine a logbook. Another painting by this artist of Syndics of the Clothmakers' Guild depicts a shadowy dog menacing a drummer on the right, while an illuminated, ethereal girl holds a chicken next to a red-clad man holding a musket. For 10 points, identify this artist who depicted the company of Frans Banning Cocq in his Night Watch.
Output: Fine Arts
This composer called one of his works "a poem, suite, fairy tale, story but not a symphony." That piece by this man depicts the desert wanderings of an Arabian hero, Antar. Another of this composer's works borrows from the Orthodox church's obikhod. The fandango and alborada are among the dances presented in this man's Capriccio espagnol. "Sinbad's Ship" is a movement from his suite about a storyteller from the Arabian Nights, while a short piece by this man comes from his opera The Tale of Tsar Saltan and represents Prince Guidon's transformation into an insect. For 10 points, name this Russian composer of Scheherazade and "Flight of the Bumblebee."
Output: Fine Arts
One character in it tells of being kidnapped by pirates on Lake Michigan, a story his wife, who ignores his affair with Mrs. Williams, pretends to believe. Chase Henry votes for prohibition after being banned from the saloons and is envied by Judge (*) Somers. Fiddler Jones admits that "I never started to plow in my life " but concludes that he has "not a single regret. " Introduced by "The Hill", for 10 points, these stories appear in what collection of poems by Edgar Lee Masters
Output: Literature
This womans son was found at the same time and on the same hillside as Auges son Telephus. She followed Ancaeus and Cepheus from Arcadia to a gathering where she wound up killing the centaurs Hylaeus and Rhaecus. While there, she also caught the eye of Cleopatras husband, who wound up killing Toxeus and Plexippus, his uncles. This mother of Parthenopaeus stopped to pick up three golden apples during a footrace, resulting in her marriage to Melanion; unfortunately, they wound up transformed into lions yoked to Cybeles chariot. FTP name this huntress who received from a smitten Meleager the hide of the Calydonian Boar.
Output: Social Science
Factors leading to the outbreak of this war included the long-standing border dispute between the countries involved, the imbalance in trade opportunities created by the Central American Common Market, and the involuntary repatriation program instituted by the Honduran government. On July 14, 1969, El Salvador opened hostilities against Honduras, and although a cease-fire was declared four days later, a peace treaty was not concluded until 1980. FTP, name this war which gained its name from three contentious World Cup matches played shortly before the war.
Output: History
In one work by this author, the title character devoured six ices, refused to pay for them, knocked down the pastry cook, and walked away. That is a work in twelve chapters, each of which is just a sentence or two long. This writer also created an epistolary novel in forty-one letters in which the De Courcy and Vernon families communicate, with most of the book dedicated to the so-called "Sir James Martin contretemps. " Everyone in the title coastal town has a different idea of what their new buildings will look like when talking to Mr. Parker in another of this authors books. For 10 points, name this author of Love and Freindship, The Beautiful Cassandra, The Watsons, Lady Susan, and Sanditon, perhaps better known for such novels as one in which Edmund Bertram marries Fannie Price, Mansfield Park, as well as Emma and Sense and Sensibility.
Output: Literature
He wrote a of knife-sharpener who charms a woman into giving him flowers so he can resell the flowerpot in "The Chrysanthemums," a story from his collection The Long Valley. His journey on the Western Flyer with Edward Ricketts was the basis for The Sea of Cortez, and one of his novels describes Mac and Jim Nolan's attempt to unionize fruit pickers. Another of his novels sees a main character shot after saying "Le's do it now" following the accidental death of Curley's wife. This author of In Dubious Battle and The Winter of Our Discontent described the Trask family in East of Eden. For 10 points, name this author of Cannery Row and The Grapes of Wrath.
Output: Literature
The Ashbourne Act, also called the Purchase of Land Act, was an attempt to get this man to switch political affiliation. This man was released from prison after signing the so-called "Kilmainham Treaty". This man authored the No Rent Manifesto and the Tenant's Relief Bill, and at the height of his power he was a coalition partner of William Gladstone. The Piggott forgeries attempted to link this man to extremists. This man was driven from politics because of his scandalous affair with Kitty O'Shea. For ten points, name this leader of the Home Rule League, who represented Ireland in Parliament in the late 19th century.
Output: History
This particle is produced along with a muon, and antimuon by the collision of an electron and a positron in the Bjorken process. This particle's decay into two tau leptons has not yet been observed, casting doubt on its postulated spin of zero. This elementary particle was initially hypothesized to explain, through spontaneous symmetry breaking, why the W and Z bosons are massive, and we now know that its namesake field is what imparts mass to matter. It is a target of the Large Hadron Collider. For 10 points, name this no-longer-hypothetical boson discovered in 2012, nicknamed the "God particle".
Output: Science
One antagonist in this work leaves behind the head of Aeschere after killing him. Unferth argues that the success of this work's title character was due to luck. A villager steals a golden cup from a cave towards the end of this work. The title character  beheads the corpse of a figure who had been attacking Herot and decides to help King Hrothgar at its beginning. At the end of this work, Wiglaf helps the protagonist battle a dragon which ultimately kills the hero. For 10 points, name this epic poem about a hero who killed the monster Grendel.
Output: Literature
He was 26 years old when he published On the Conservation of Force in 1847 whose ideas were more precise than Mayer's and more wide-ranging than Joule's. In 1850 he developed an ophthalmoscope for viewing the human retina. He also argued that the cochlea resonates at different frequencies and analyses complex sounds. Later in life he gave up physiology for medicine and became interested in Maxwell's work on electromagnetic radiation. His pupils included Hertz, Boltzmann, and Michelson. FTP name this German physicist and physiologist, the namesake of a kind of free energy.
Output: Science
His projected works included one about prince Manfred and Fatima, the titular Saracen, as well as Jesus von Nazareth. Gerald Abraham published a supposedly reconstructed version of this mans mythical Starnberg quartet. He wrote a Centennial March in honor of the anniversary of the American declaration of Independence, as well as the Kaisermasrch after the Franco-Prussian war. He composed the Siegfried Idyll as a wedding present to his wife, and four of his operas include the dwarf Alberich and the Valkyrie Brunhilde. FTP, name this composer whose operas Gotterdammerung, The Valkyries, and Siegfried are part of his Ring of the Nibelungs.
Output: Fine Arts
During this dynasty, the emperor controlled the government directly, ruling with the aid of a specially appointed Nei-ko, or Grand Secretariat. Its second ruler, Jianwen, died in a mysterious palace fire during the revolt of his uncle Yongle, who ordered the construction of the Temple of Heaven and the Forbidden City and oversaw the seven voyages of Zheng He. It was founded by an orphan and Buddhist novice who took the ruling name Hong Wu after ousting the Yuan dynasty. FTP, what was this Chinese dynasty that ruled until the Qing took power in 1644
Output: History
Bhai Gurdas wrote some verses about the life of this man, but a more authoritative treatment is found in the Janamsakhis. One of this mans sons would go on to found the Udasi sect, and another story about this man details his how an astrologer bowed before him as an infant. He underwent a revelation after bathing in the Bein River, and then met his successor Angad after moving to Kartapur. The Mul Mantra that he recited upon reaching enlightenment can be found in his religions holy scripture, the Adi Granth. FTP, name this religious leader who proclaimed that There is no Hindu, there is no Muslim, the first Guru of Sikhism
Output: Social Science
One compound that is sometimes mistaken for this resource is created by crushing jatropha seeds. Companies such as Lignol and Novozymes have worked to create the "cellulosic" form of this resource from wood chips. Support for American production of this resource has led to decreased use of MTBE, and previously spurred on a controversial 54-cent tariff on (*) imports of this resource from its most extensive user. Concerns about food prices have caused criticisms about the use of land to produce this resource, which powers automobiles in Brazil. For 10 points, name this petroleum substitute that is often made of sugarcane or corn.
Output: Science
Though not Max Scheler or Henri Bergson, this philosopher used the term Homo faber to refer to man's ability to control his environment through tools in one work, which sought to contrast the vita activa with the vita contemplativa. This thinker also wrote a work which posits that certain anti-utilitarian institutions are inexplicably stable from their shapelessness, and that one man only had to resort to violence because of Ernst Rohm's homosexuality. That work also coined the term "secret societies in broad daylight" and dedicated a section to the secret police. This author of The Life of the Mind and The Human Condition also used the phrase "banality of evil" to help explain the Holocaust. For 10 points, who is this author of The Origins of Totalitarianism and Eichmann in Jerusalem
Output: Social Science
A fraudulent edition of this work, the so-called "Reading Edition," was published in 1847 by T.J. Wise. In the sixth poem, the speaker tells the subject, "Go from me," and the first poem in this series refers to an "antique tongue" and the "sweet years" that Theocritus had sung. The title of the series may have been inspired by its author's early poem "Catarina to Camens. "  In the penultimate poem in this series, the speaker lists "freely, as men strive for Right" and "to the depth and breadth and height my soul can reach," in answer to her question, "How do I love thee Let me count the ways. "  FTP, identify this series of poems originally addressed to Robert Browning and written by Elizabeth Barrett Browning.
Output: Literature
This sect reveres a type of honesty called "guarding one's tongue." This sect rose to prominence in the Chouf mountains. The phrase "covenant of blood" refers to this faith's willingness to serve in an army led by another faith. A "universal mind" or aql figures into this sect, which reveres the tomb of Sabalan. Adherents believe in exoteric, esoteric, and "double hidden" meanings within their Epistles of Wisdom, which are accessible by its majority-female uqqal subgroup but forbidden to juhhal. This faith, which bans intermarriage and conversion, draws on Platonist and Ismaili Shi'a tradition and venerates the caliph al-Hakim. For 10 points, name this secretive monotheistic faith symbolized by a five-colored star, which has historically fought for Israel and against its homeland of Lebanon.
Output: Social Science
The operator problem of this name can be solved by the so-called "algebraic method" using the raising and lowering operators and was solved by Dirac to model photons. The utility of this model arises because of the nature of the first-order expansion of a potential energy about an equilibrium. The equation by this name arises from a quadratic-potential Lagrangian or from combining Newton's second law and Hooke's law. This is therefore a good model for a perturbed atom, AC circuit, first-order pendulum, or mass on a spring. FTP, name these physical systems that, if unforced, have sinusoidal motion.
Output: Science
In an excised scene of this work, one character insists he will not be imprisoned in the suburbs for having dined in the West End, after Mr. Grisby gives him a 762-pound bill. Another character claims to have written a three-volume novel and insists that Fiction means the good end happily and the bad unhappily to her pupil, who by Act III calls one character sister, but only after calling her many other things first. The aforementioned novel had been lost by Miss Prism in the Victoria station along with a handbag bearing General Moncrieffs son, leading to Jacks shock upon consulting with Lady Bracknell that he has been telling the truth about his title name all along. FTP, name this play by Oscar Wilde.
Output: Literature
One person discussed at this event fled to Schaffhausen aided by Frederick, Duke of Austria-Tyrol. John of Ragusa led some debate at this council and John of Falkenberg declared the Polish people should be exterminated. Andrew of Posen announced the Articles passed by its fourth and fifth sessions, favored by Gallicanism followers. The Ars moriendi text giving advice on a good death probably came from this meeting, and it was legitimized by the Sacrosancta decree, declaring its power superior to the pope. Initiated by Sigismund following the Council of Pisa's failure, this council declared John Wycliffe a heretic. For 10 points, name this 1414-1418 council that appointed Martin V as pope and brought about the burning of Jan Hus.
Output: History
Late in dynastic history, a strong cult of this god was established at Khnum, while this god was sometimes said to be the consort of Astennu. This god was notable for intervening in battles of good and evil to heal the injured party so that neither could overtake the other. This god, who spoke the words that created all of heaven and earth, also gambled with the moon to win five more days to make the year three hundred and sixty five days long, after which he created its calendar. This god, who was sometimes regarded as the monkey Aan, was in charge of deciding when the scales of a heart outweighed the feather of Maat, and he was also ascribed the creation of magic. For ten points, identify this ibis-headed Egyptian deity of writing.
Output: Social Science
The presence of this element at the center of sarin allows it to inhibit acetylcholinesterase. This element bonds to an azide in the first step of the Staudinger reduction. A functional group containing this element in its center stabilizes the carbanion in the intermediate of the Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reaction. Four atoms of this element bind to 10 oxygen atoms in its (*) pentoxide. A Z-alkene can be produced by reacting a carbonyl with an ylide with positive charge on this element in the Wittig reaction. Coming in notable white and red allotropes, for 10 points, name this element with atomic number 15 which is found below nitrogen on the periodic table.
Output: Science
He ascended to the throne by defeating a usurper who pretended to be this man's murdered uncle. In one of his notable administrative acts, he reorganized his empire into 20 sections. Near the end of his life, he ordered a large limestone rock to be inscribed with his genealogy in three languages; that inscription was translated into English in 1849. He also led an expedition against the tribes of the Danube River in 516 BC, put down a rebellion of Ionians in 499 BC, and attempted to subjugate Greece with his son-in-law Mardonius, but his forces were defeated at Mt. Athos and Marathon. FTP, name this Persian emperor who was succeeded by his son Xerxes I.
Output: History
This technique can be followed up by ethidium bromide staining which allows easy visualization of the resulting bands. The namesake component in this procedure must be covered with tris acetate buffer and ladders must be placed in the end wells to allow comparison. Polyacrylamide may used to produce the matrix when the samples are small, though agarose is more commonly used. For 10 points, identify this technique wherein an electric field separates DNA molecules according to size as they travel to the positive electrode.
Output: Science
A toddler holds blocks and a toy horse has a red wagon attached to it in this artist's Baby at Play. A chaperone sits and watches as William Rush copies a nude model in a painting by this man. Three men lean to counter the wind in this man's painting of sailboats racing in a river. Weda Cook sings an excerpt from Mendelssohn's Elijah in his The Concert Singer. This man created a "motion study" in which a nude pole vaulter is depicted at multiple positions in his jump. He depicted the title friend rowing in the Schuylkill River in his Max Schmitt in a Single Scull. For 10 points, name this artist that depicted anatomy lectures at Jefferson Hospital in his paintings The Agnew Clinic and The Gross Clinic.
Output: Fine Arts
This man ended guild taxation and road-tolls. He razed the main Tendai temple to diminish monastic influence. A descendant of the Fujiwaras, he first established a base of power in Owari, and struck beyond those borders by defeating Imagawa Yoshimoto using the new (*) muskets. He then built his greatest castle at Azuchi and deposed the last Ashikaga shogun before killing himself in the Honnoji incident during Mitsuhide's treachery. For 10 points, name this first Great Unifier, preceding Hideyoshi.
Output: History
A song cycle from this composer features movements representing an encounter with a giant beetle and one in which a child fails off of his stick horse on the way to Yukki. Along with The Nursery, other song cycles by this man include one with a section "Enclosed Inside Four Walls", Sunless and another cycle with a Trepak representing a peasant in a blizzard, Songs and Dances of Death. The second act of one of this man's operas people panicking over a pig's snout appearing in a window and that opera is known for its Gopak wedding dance. In addition to The Fair at (*) Sorochyntski, another work by this man depicts the clumsy running around of a gnome and a 2/4 time signature pesante section involving oxen pulling a large cart. Such sections are separated by an alternative 5/4 and 6/4 time promenade and other portions of that work include a conversation between poor and rich Jews, a panicking chase by a "Hut on Hen's Legs and the Great Gate of Kiev. FTP, identify this Russian composer who depicts Chernobog in Night on Bald Mountain and is best know for his Pictures at an Exhibition.
Output: Fine Arts
According to the disputed play Rhesus, there are actually two figures by this name  one a son of Cronos, and one a son of Zeus and twin brother of Arkas. According to Plutarch, an Egyptian sailor named Thamus was told by a divine voice that this figure had died. Women in his life include his daughter, Iambe, whom he had with Echo, though he was less successful at wooing Pitys, who was turned into a tree, and Syrinx, who escaped him. According to the Homeric hymn to this figure, he is the son of Dryope and Hermes. His Roman equivalent, the father of Latinus, was named Faunus and was celebrated on Lupercal. FTP, name this rustic god of the pipe, a satyr with the hind of a goat.
Output: Social Science
The Palomar-Green survey catalogued several of these objects, and the Soltan argument posits the existence of "dead" ones of these if they are powered in a certain way. X-ray binaries are sometimes referred to as "micro-" ones, and another type of these objects are similar to BL Lac objects and can change output by up to 50% in a day, referred to as optically violent variable ones. Neutral hydrogen in the interstellar medium leads to a suppression of emissions from these objects on one side of the Lyman-alpha line, known as the Gunn-Peterson trough. A double one of these dubbed "Old Faithful" was the first gravitationally lensed object observed, and another is known as Einstein's Cross. FTP, name these stellar objects, which are distant galaxies with a supermassive black hole at their center, whose name originally meant "quasi-stellar radio source".
Output: Science
The last "ancient" time period of this nation is named after the burial mounds, or kofun, of that time period. The Gempei War ended the Heian period of this country. Francis Xavier, a Jesuit missionary, and Commodore Matthew Perry came to this country during the Tokugawa Shogunate. For 10 points, name this country formerly ruled by Emperor Hirohito where two atomic bombs were dropped.
Output: History
His early poems appeared in such collections as Look, Stranger! On This Island, and The Orators. After immigrating to America in the 1940s he published other works of verse, including The Quest, a sonnet sequence, and The Sea and the Mirror, a commentary on the Tempest, but it may be for individual works like his elegies on Freud and Yeats, and his rumination on the Spanish Civil War, "Spain 1937," that he is remembered. FTP, name this poet known for his stage collaborations with Christopher Isherwood, as well as his long poem "The Age of Anxiety. "
Output: Literature
21 (Tiebreaker). This law applies when the compressibility factor is equal to 1. It is expressed in the first term of the virial equation, and it is most accurate at high temperatures and low pressures. Deviations from it due to particle volume and intermolecular forces are accounted for in the(*) van der Waals equation, and its namesake entities are described by kinetic theory. This law's namesake constant is equal to Avogadro's number times Boltzmann's constant. For 10 points, name this law most commonly expressed as P V equals N R T.
Output: Science
He hypothesized that sickle cell anemias genetic nature as well as its different charge from normal cells. As a chemist, his research concerned the importance of quantum mechanics in molecular attraction to determine the lengths and angular of atomic and molecular structure by using electron diffraction, which relied on how electrons pass through molecules. More importantly, his work on electronegativity developed the scale by which we determine ease of election attraction and how electrons interact via covalent bonding. FTP, name this Nobel Laureate with the unique distinction of winning prizes in Chemistry and Peace.
Output: Science
One character in this work goes into the woods at night to commune with the devil, and at one point attempts to get the protagonist to come with her, but is rejected. In addition to Mistress Hibbins, other characters in this work include one who was captured by Native Americans and delayed his trip to Boston, one whose chest is revealed to carry a stigmata in the shape of the title object after his death at the end of this work, and another whose daughter Pearl is rumored to be fathered by the devil. For 10 pointsname this work, containing Roger Chillingworth, Arthur Dimmesdale, and Hester Prynne, a work by Nathaniel Hawthorne.
Output: Fine Arts
The protagonist of Jeffrey Archer's novel, A Prisoner of Birth , repeatedly compares his plight and his plan to that of the protagonist of this novel. Lesbian undertones characterize the relationship between Eugenie and her music teacher Louise, who by novel's end have run off to Rome, where we earlier met the bandit leader Luigi Vampa. The love of Valentine and Maximillian is solely heterosexual as is that of the protagonist for his young ward, the Turkish princess Haydee. The final part of the protagonist's plan sees the bankruptcy of Danglars come to fruition, which follows the ruination of both Villefort and Fernand, the other two figures involved in framing the protagonist in a Bonapartist plot. FTP, name this adventure novel about the revenge of Edmund Dantes and written by Alexander Dumas, pere.
Output: Literature
One of this movements leaders was slowly dismembered on the banks of the Dadu River; that leader had earlier plotted with the North King Wei Changhui to kill its military commander Yang Xiuqing. Areas it controlled saw even married couples separated by sex, as well as the banning of foot-binding. This conflicts Battle of Cixi saw the death of Frederick Ward, and Zeng Guofans Xiang Army took its capital of Nanjing. It was led by the supposed younger brother of Jesus, Hong Xiuquan, but was not able to dislodge the Qing Dynasty from power. For 10 points, identify this Chinese rebellion, notably featuring Charles Gordons Ever Victorious Army.
Output: History
Military events during this war included the Duke de Villeroi's destruction at Ramillies, a failed attempt by the dukes of Boufflers and Villars to break the siege of Mons, and a battle which began with a weakening strike by John Cutts and ended with with the retreat of Maximillian II Emanuel. Perhaps the most important consequence of this war was a provision in the peace treaty giving the "asciento," or control over the Atlantic slave trade, to Britain. It failed to prevent Philip V of Bourbon from succeeding the Habsburg Carlos II despite bloody clashes at Oudenarde, Malplaquet, and Blenheim. FTP, name this early-1700's war in which Eugene of Savoy and the Duke of Marlborough distinguished themselves, ended by the Peace of Utrecht.
Output: History
This event led to a thirteen-week strike known as the "Uprising of the Twenty Thousand," and it was cited by one Cabinet member as "the day the New Deal began. " The IGLWU teamed with Al Smith to push through legislation after this event, the aftermath of which saw Alterman's testimony discredited thanks to attorney Max Steuer. Isaac Harris and Max Blanck were tried for manslaughter on the basis of the bodies on the ground after workers were forced to jump from a ninth-story window. Occurring at the Asch building just east of Washington Square, this is, for 10 points, which March 25, 1911 event where unsafe working conditions led to the death of 146 workers for its namesake garment company  
Output: History
This author's characters include a fired teacher whose obsession with blue eyes stems from his father's drowning death. That character, Gimpei, seduces Hisako in his magic realist novel The Lake. Chikako's birthmark is the life-vision of Kikuji in his novel based on The Tale of Genji. Much of his work, including the story of Eguchi's club The House of the Sleeping Beauties, is classified as neo-sensualism, but he's best known for portraits of loneliness and beauty like The Izu Dancer. FTP, name this imagist novelist of Thousand Cranes, The Sound of the Mountain and The Snow Country, who won the Nobel Prize in 1968.
Output: Literature
This character stands next to a cannon to watch a football game shortly after describing a work entitled "The Secret Goldfish." He was once the manager of a fencing team, and he stays at the Edmont Hotel after talking to a cabbie about where the ducks in Central Park go in the winter. He is beaten up by Maurice after refusing to sleep with Sunny, and this character is haunted by thoughts of [*] James Castle. This character has conflicts with Sally Hayes, Mr. Spencer, and Mr. Antolini, and he gets back his red hunting hat from his sister Phoebe, one of the only people this character doesn't think is a "phony." For 10 points, name this narrator of J.D. Salinger's The Catcher in the Rye.
Output: Literature
The minimalist composer Steve Reich has set several of this man's works to music in pieces such as Proverbs. His lesser known works include Remarks on Color and Culture and Value, and he and Emil Post are independently credited with the development of the modern truth table. In one notable work, this man claimed that many philosophical problems are merely "bewitchments" rising from the misuse of language, while his most famous work contains seven major propositions, including "The world is everything that is the case. " FTP, name this philosopher whose most notable works include Philosophical Investigations and Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus.
Output: Social Science
This author wrote about the ridiculousness of a feathery creature with a horse's body and man's head in a letter to the Pisones. Thanks to his patron Maecenas, this poet lived on a "Sabine Farm" that he wrote of frequently. On poem by this man urges diligence against the Parthians and notes that it is sweet and (*) right to die for one's country. This poet praised Homer for beginning the Iliad "in medias res." For 10 points, name this Roman poet of four books of Odes and a manual of literary theory entitled Ars Poetica.
Output: Literature
According to Turan's Theorem, one of these entities is necessarily formed if four times the number of edges in a graph is greater than the number of vertices squared. Every two-coloring on a complete 6-graph forms two monochrome examples of these entities. Three lines concur in one of these figures if the conditions for Ceva's ["CHAY-va's] Theorem are met, and the areas of these figures can be found using (*) Heron's formula. The laws of sines and cosines hold true for these shapes, whose areas are equal to base times height over two. For ten points, name these three-sided figures, which come in equilateral and isosceles varieties.
Output: Science
adopted lyrics written by Sir Walter Scott, William Smyth, and Robert Burns for his series of Twenty-Five Scottish Songs. This composer inserted the tune "For He's a Jolly Good Fellow" in the first movement of a commemoration of the Battle of Vitoria, a piece known as Wellington's Victory or his "Battle Symphony. " His piano rondo usually called "The Rage Over the Lost Penny" was completed by (*) Anton Diabelli, a composer whose waltz supplied the theme for a set of 33 variations by this man. The most difficult of his piano pieces may be his Hammerklavier Sonata, and he published a series of bagatelles including Fur Elise. For 10 points, name this composer of the Choral, Pastoral and Eroica symphonies.
Output: Fine Arts
It began with the capture of Hangzhou, and ended with the rebellion of Zhu Yuanzhang. During it, a second capital at Khanbalik was established and the project of extending the Great Canal connecting the Yangtze and the Yellow Rivers to that capital was begun. Its first capital had been at Karakorum and this dynasty's name was taken when it's rulers looked outside their own language, taking the Chinese name for "first. "  Succeeding the Sung Dynasty and lasting from 1279 to 1368, FTP, identify this period of Mongol rule in China.
Output: History
Its leader demanded the confiscation of all church lands, and John Ball backed the demand that mandatory work on church lands be ended. Begun in Brentwood, the ruler during this event made several promises at Mile End shortly after the house of his uncle, John of Gaunt, had his palace torched. In the aftermath, the Prior at Bury St. Edmonds was beheaded, and (*) Cambridge University's privileges were handed over to the town. Simon of Sudbury and Sir Robert Hales were killed during it, and its leader was slain at Smithfield. In the build-up to this insurrection, the government attempted to fix maximum wages through the Statute of Laborers. FTP, identify this insurrection brought on by a poll tax, led by Wat Tyler and named for the lower-class citizens who made up its ranks.
Output: History
This ruler established the School of Languages in his country for the express purpose of training translators for the state educational institutions, and he also opened the first schools of medicine, veterinary medicine, engineering, and chemistry. During the first ten years of his rule, he confiscated the iltizam ulama and introduced the concept of private ownership of land through the taxation of (*) waqf. This man, who grew up in the Greek city of Kavalla, was an ethnic Albanian who assumed his most important position after gaining the support of Ottoman sultan Selim III in the wake of the decisive defeat of Mamluk forces at the Battle of the Pyramids. FTP, name this Egyptian ruler who built the first sustained program in the Middle East of state-sponsored Europeanization of military and education.
Output: History
One work found in this city depicts a cloaked figure watching a series of people either marching forward, including a group of Roman soldiers, or melting into the sandstone. In addition to Lorado Taft's Fountain of Time, this city is home to a work by John Bradley Storrs depicting the faceless titular goddess holding a bag and several stalks of wheat, Ceres. Another sculpture in this city features two curving red bars arching to the ground after rising from a central mass standing on three irregular quadrilaterals, while another sculpture in this city features two wing-shaped pieces, possibly representing hair, connected to a slender, candlestick-like piece by a series of thin bars. In addition to Flamingo by Alexander Calder and the sculpture by Picasso, this city is home to a large, arched and reflective torus designed by Anish Kapoor. Cloud Gate is located in Millennium Park in, for 10 points, what US city
Output: Fine Arts
It was formed by the union of Chincasuyu, Antisuyu, Kuntisuyu, and Qullasuyu to form the Tahuantinsuyu, or The Four United Provinces, under the rule of Pachacuti. A later leader, Huayna Capac, divided this empire after his death among his two successors, one of whom was captured and executed by Pizarro despite paying a room full of gold as ransom. That last leader was Atahualpa. For 10 points, identify this empire in South America with capital at Cusco.
Output: History
The completely black bull Mnewis was regarded as an aspect of this god, who was served by the deity Mehen, and this god is the principal offspring of the ocean goddess Nu. This figures children represent dryness and moisture, and his ba was the Bennu bird. He saved mankind from annihilation by creating 7000 jugs of beer mixed with pomegranate juice to distract the bloodthirsty Sekhmet. Syncretized with Horakhty, this god was the grandfather of Geb and Nut and father of Shu and Tefnut, and he staves off Apep every day while riding his barge. For 10 points, name this Egyptian god often combined with Atum and Amun, the chief solar deity.
Output: Social Science
When a leader of this city was put on trial, he asked that if he was executed, the inscription read that he was being punished for "securing liberty" in a speech that caused his jury to laugh and drop the charges. Pausanias wrote that it built a gigantic lion statue at the site of one of its greatest losses, and the land near this city was called "the dancing floor of Ares." Its greatest power came under leaders such as Pelopidas. This city had a leader slain by Agesilaus II's forces at the Battle of (*) Mantinea. It employed a troop of 150 pairs of male lovers, which was thrashed at the Battle of Chaeronea by Philip II. Under Epaminondas, this city won the Battle of Leuctra against Sparta, and it possessed an elite force called the Sacred Band. For 10 points, name this Greek city mythically founded by Cadmus.
Output: History
This thinker argued that metaphysicians who reify their biases for stable processes into principles that exist "outside of experience" commit the "philosophical fallacy. " This philosopher distinguished between existential and ideational propositions in Logic: The Theory of Inquiry, and responded to Walter Lippmann's claim that the public could not successfully participate in democracy in The Public and Its Problems. Another of this thinker's works examines the pedagogical theories of Rousseau and Plato, and argues for in favor of experiential, progressive education. For 10 points, name this American pragmatist, the author of Experience and Nature and Democracy and Education.
Output: Social Science