niryuu/sni-each-converted huggingface dataset:
One work by this artist shows a bonnet-wearing woman carrying a butcher knife to the left of the artist's sister Katherine. Gertrude Kasebier and Clarence H. White joined an art movement led by this artist, which was created as a response to England's The Link Ring. Ten of his works called "Music" evolved into his series of abstract cloud depictions called (*) Equivalents. Horses pull a trolley labeled "Harlem" in his photograph The Terminal. In Camera Work, he frequently published the works of Edward Steichen, a man who co-founded New York's Gallery 291 with him. For 10 points, name this Photo-Secession photographer of The Steerage, the husband of Georgia O'Keeffe.
Output: Fine Arts
Many major temples of this religion house atakhsh i warahran flames to ward off evil. Its followers believe that at the Bridge of the Separator, they will be judged by the messenger, the judge, and the keeper of covenants, respectively Sraosha, Rashnu, and Mithra. Though it isn't Sikhism, initiates don the sedra and kashti, an undershirt and girdle. Its followers believe that the six amesha spentas do battle agains the daevas created by Angra Mainyu. Sacred texts of this religion include the Vendidad, a collection of hymns known as Gathas, found in the Avesta. For 10 points, name this dualistic Persian religion with the principal good god Ahura Mazda.
Output: Social Science
This god's soul, known as his Ba, was worshipped at the city of Mendes where he was known as Banebdjedet (BANE-ba-jed-ET). The Queen of Ethiopia conspired with Set to kill this god, who was locked in a box sealed with lead and dropped into the Nile River. After being saved by his wife, this god impregnated her, and she later gave birth to the god Horus. Set later chopped this god into fourteen pieces and scattered them throughout the country. Often depicted with green skin and a long beard, this god is the eldest son of Geb and Nut. For 10 points, identify this husband of Isis, the Egyptian god of the dead.
Output: Social Science
This politician signed an agreement with Francisco Peynado which ended American occupation of the Dominican Republic, and as an Associate Justice, he wrote the majority opinion in Bailey v. Alabama which found peonage laws to be unconstitutional. This man attempted to curb the growing power of Japan through the Washington Naval Conference, which he chaired as Secretary of State under Coolidge, and he defeated William Randolph Hearst to become Governor of New York. This politician penned the majority opinion in the Sick Chicken Case, and he led the opposition to Roosevelt's court-packing scheme. This man's presidential ticket with Charles Fairbanks fell 4,000 votes short in California to a man whose campaign slogan was "He kept us out of war", and Herbert Hoover appointed him to the position he is most notable for to replace William Howard Taft. For 10 points, name this loser of the 1916 presidential election to Woodrow Wilson who served as Chief Justice from 1930 to 1941.
Output: History
One of the major causes of the tension preceding it was the trampling of native corn fields by livestock belonging to colonists. Sparked when Josiah Winslow took Wamsutta by gun point shortly after the murder of John Sassamon, fighting broke out in the town of Swansea, and it ended the next year after its leader died while fighting a force lead by Benjamin Church. FTP, name this 1675-76 Massachusetts war drawing its name from the English name for the leader of the revolting Wampanoag, Metacom.
Output: History
One character in this work, due to his affection for vintage claret, prevents another character from visiting Lucy Darleton. Minor characters in this work include Harry Oxford, who disrupts the engagement announced at the beginning of the novel, and the central character's best man, Colonel de Craye. Several characters concern themselves with Crossjays opportunity to join the marines, which is facilitated by the tutelage of Laetitia Dale. The central character thwarts several attempts to flee to Europe by his betrothed, Clara Middleton, who eventually marries Vernon Whitford. FTP, name this novel about the selfish Sir Willoughby Patterne by George Meredith.
Output: Literature
Although he was a sometime Communist Party member, his early poetry collections were banned, as much for their eroticism as for their ironic tone. He followed his successful one-act play The Owners of the Keys with an acclaimed first novel, The Joke. But two years later in 1969 the authorities banned his second novel, Life Is Elsewhere. In 1975 he emigrated to France, but his novels weren't published in his native Czechoslovakia till 1989. FTP name the author of The Book of Laughter and Forgetting and The Unbearable Lightness of Being.
Output: Literature
The first English work inspired by them was probably Anthony Barclay's 1514 work of the same name. They feature Mopsus and Menalcas reflecting on the apotheosis of Daphnis in the fifth. Two boys, Chromis and Mnasyllos, encounter a hung-over Silenus in the sixth. The tenth can be read as an homage to Cornelius Gallus, while the second features Corydon. Meliboeus contrasts his poor fortune with that of the contented Tityrus in the first. And although it has often been read as a Christian allegory, it is much more likely that the fourth celebrates Antony and Octavian's pact at Brindisium. FTP identify this series of pastoral poems the first notable achievement of Vergil.
Output: Literature
Elected to the priesthood of the augurs over Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus, he served under Aulus Gabinius in Judaea and Egypt and would later be deified as the New Dionysus. The commander of the left wing at the Battle of Pharsalus, while besieging Brutus Albinus at Modena, he was attacked by a coalition led by Octavian and the consuls. Distinguishing himself at the Battle of Philippi, after losing at Actium, he committed suicide. FTP, identify this member of the second triumvirate and ally of Cleopatra.
Output: History
The last section of this work outlines the four causes of the "confederacy of deceivers" that suppress the light of truth within men. This book accuses the Catholic Church of misinterpreting scripture to justify the Pope's powers in that fourth section, "The Kingdom of Darkness". The second part of this work outlines twelve rights of rulers and claims that men bind together in the state for self-preservation. That section also rejects aristocracy and democracy in favor of the more stable monarchy. This work proposes a way to avoid the "war of all against all" described in its first section, "Of Man". That section of this work also defines life in nature as "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short". For 10 points, name this philosophical book that outlines the necessity of a strong state, written by Thomas Hobbes.
Output: Social Science
This work is thought to have been commissioned to replace a lost work on a similar topic by Lorenzo Di Medici. Some of the flora depicted in this work include cattails in the lower left corner and pink flowers falling down next to the central figure. (*) Horae waits behind the title figure and throws a pink cloth over her, while another figure, Zephyr, blows wind behind her to propel her towards shore. For 10 points, identify this work in which the title goddess stands upon a shell in the ocean, a painting by Sandro Botticelli.
Output: Fine Arts
This composer wrote a symphonic suite in which the fairy Gul-Nazar rescues a gazelle from a bird. One of his works uses the unusual time signatures 2/1 and 3/1 in its final movement, and its Andante lugubre first movement alternates a woodwind theme with a cello rendition of the hymn "An Angel Cried Out. " The fourth movement of one work by this composer opens with five cadenzas played over percussion rolls and sees violins, violas, and cellos played quasi guitara. That work's third movement nearly repeats its first save in key and instrumentation, an asturian dance. For 10 points, name this composer of Russian Easter Overture and Capriccio Espagnol as well as a suite with movements like "The Kalendar Prince" and "The Sea and Sinbad's Ship" called Scheherezade.
Output: Fine Arts
His work has recently been reintroduced into the field of modern organizational theory by Oliver Williamson. One of his works investigates the incentives involved in entrepreneurship, ignoring the advantage of non contractual relationships. The founder of the field of "New Institutional Economics", his did much of his early work on monopolies He identified the importance of transaction costs in "The Nature of the Firm", but he is better remembered for the ideas on property rights he espoused in "The Problem of Social Costs. " FTP, identify this winner of the 1991 Nobel Prize, best known for his eponymous theorem.
Output: Social Science
In one opera by this composer, a character overhears the title character's plot to kill him while he is near the tomb of Charlemagne to be crowned the next Holy Roman Emperor. In one of this composer's operas, Abigaile tells Ismaele that her father, the title character of the opera, will forgive Ismaele if he does not protect Fenena. The title character of that opera by this composer is a (*) Babylonian king. In another of his operas, Alfredo sings a drinking song at Violetta Valery's house. One opera by this composer of Ernani and Nabucco features a princess' unrequited love for Radames, who wins a battle in Ethiopia, which is the home country of the title character, who is a captive in Egypt. For 10 points, name this composer of La Traviata and Aida.
Output: Fine Arts
Hoffland studied how fungi tunnel along natural productivity gradients in types of this mineral. Prevalent in arkose, these framework silicates of aluminum react with water to form kaolinite. High-calcium rocks tend to be enriched in the K-variant and two variants of this mineral in one composition can form intergrowths and twin-wall intersections. Albite and labradorite are examples of a type of one of these that are depicted on the continuous branch of Bowen's reaction series moving from calcium-rich to sodium-rich. Sixty percent of Earth's crust is composed of, for 10 points, what type of mineral that includes plagioclase and orthoclase.
Output: Science
In one prayer from this faith, the speaker proclaims "I bow down to those who have reached omniscience in the flesh." This faith's cosmology postulates the existence of beings with only the sense of touch called nigodas. In 1974, this faith adopted an official emblem which contains three dots near the top and an additional dot inside a curve, representing an (*) enlightened soul. The largest schism within this faith partially sprang from a dispute over whether it was possible for a woman to achieve salvation. Lay members of this faith follow twelve vows, divided into the Anuvratas, Gunavratas, and Siksavratas, while monks within this faith are divided into the "white-clad" and "sky-clad" sects. For 10 points, name this Indian faith based on the teachings of the Tirthankaras.
Output: Social Science
Taking exception to an assertion in the pages of the June 3, 1925 issue of The Nation that he had been detained in a country club-type prison, he wrote in a Letter to the Editor, "I was in prison at Sandberg thirteen months in all. A special decree on April 1, 1924, deprived me of all previous privileges. All privileges theretofore granted the prisoner wereeither abridged or wiped out. Count Arco was still benefited by these alleviations. "  During that time, though, he did have a chance to write his autobiography and political testament. For 10 points, who was this man who ironically wrote in that work, "The broad mass of a nation will more easily fall victim to a big lie than to a small one"
Output: History
One leader of this organization went into two retirements in England and owned the Epsom Derby-winning horse Orby. That man was a bitter enemy of Charles Parkhurst's Society for the Prevention of Crime and eventually lost an election to Seith Low. Fernando Wood formed the Mozart organization to compete with this group after a falling-out, and its leader Charles Murphy won a similar factional dispute by engineering the impeachment of William Sulzer. John Kelly introduced its block-by-block regimentation at the same time that "King" Richard Croker became its leader. Thomas Nast's cartoon helped break the power of a man with a namesake "ring" who was another notoriously corrupt member of this group. FTP, William "Boss" Tweed was a leader of what Democratic Party social association that ran New York politics for decades
Output: History
A king and counselor of the Anunnaki, this deity receives the earth in Atrahasis, and is worshipped in the temple of Duranki. One story regards the theft by Zu of his tablets of destiny that allows him to determine the fate of all living and nonliving things. Another, which has him supplanted by Marduk, tells of his response to the rebellion of the Igigi, which included the unleashing of a series of disasters that included the Great Flood. Known for his short temper, he sentenced Enkidu to death for his role in killing the Great Bull of Heaven. FTP, name this Sumerian god of the earth and land, supplanted by Anu as leader of the pantheon, whose name means "Lord Wind. "
Output: Social Science
The man who called for this meeting had earlier issued a namesake note concerning the treatment of Christians in Ottoman territories. One delegation parleyed their support of another side into the secret Cyprus Convention, and this meeting saw Romania lose South Bessarabia in exchange for Dobruja. Greater Bulgaria was separated into North Bulgaria, Macedon, and Eastern Rumelia at this meeting. Though Serbia, Montenegro, and Romania all gained independence, they all paid with a loss of territory. Turkey was allowed to keep control of its land on Bulgaria's coast on the Aegean, possibly due to no Balkan nations attending. For 10 points, name this 1878 meeting convened to redo the Treaty of San Stefano following the Russo-Turkish War and held in a German city.
Output: History
The extreme background of this work on the right side shows a group of workers, and the lower left contains a broken down fence. Originally called Landscape: noon, a small boat is barely discernible amongst some bushes in the right foreground, while a figure on the left leans out over a dock connected to Willy Lott's cottage near Flatford Mill. One dog is visible on the near bank of the river Stour, while another sits on the title object. For 10 points, name this landscape in which horses pull the title cart up the river, a work of John Constable.
Output: Fine Arts
A 2001 J.C. Alvarez study investigated properties of aromatic polyamides containing this class of elements, and they are reacted with carboxylic acids in the Hunsdiecker reaction. The Finkelstein reaction involves the exchange of two atoms of these elements, and the enrichment of uranium via gaseous diffusion is accomplished using a molecule containing the simplest of these elements, whose synthesis won Henri Moissan the 1906 Nobel in Chemistry. Another member of this group is used as a mordant in Gram staining and has an important role in the thyroid gland. For 10 points, identify these highly reactive Group 17 elements that include iodine and fluorine.
Output: Science
It was largely based on an oriental poetry anthology translated by Hans Bethge into German under the title The Chinese Flute; the first movement, is an allegro in A flat called the Heavens Are Ever Blue. The Lonely One in Autumn movement is made more plangent by separating each of the contraltos lines with wholly orchestral sections. The final movement, Der Abscheid or the Farewell, signifies the transcendence gained by accepting the cyclic renewal of the cosmos, and is based on another poem by Li-Po. For 10 points identify this symphony in six movements for solo voice and orchestra, a work of Gustav Mahler.
Output: Fine Arts
Phillip Glass composed the music to this authors Hydrogen Jukebox while his early work is collected in Empty Mirror. One work says the title land is where clouds rise as on a wave on a green crag, and another poem describes people shopping for images, and includes a discussion of Whitmans beard. William Blakes influence can be seen in his Sunflower Sutra, and in addition to Wales Visitation and A Supermarket in California, he wrote an elegy describing his mothers immigration and insanity. In another poem, he addresses angelheaded hipsters and notes how madness destroyed the best minds of his generation in a more famous work. FTP, name this Jewish beat poet of Kaddish and Howl.
Output: Literature
In one of his paintings, two men in green and orange hold hats in one hand and staves in the other, while a bearded man in white carrying a backpack goes hiking. Another of his paintings shows a storm raging as the titular animal takes an s-shaped curvature. Other than The Meeting and The Fox in the Snow, this artist also painted a nude woman lying on a white cloth with her raised left arm holding the title creature in Woman with a Parrot. The Shaded Stream and The Hammock are forest scenes reminiscent of his painting of a dead deer hung from a tree while a man plays a horn, The Quarry. In addition to Les demoiselles de village, he also painted a hairy closeup of a woman's genitals in The Origin of the World, and a nude woman standing behind the painter himself working on a landscape in The Artist's Studio. Known for painting a funeral in his hometown, FTP name this artist of Burial at Ornans.
Output: Fine Arts
In the third book of this work, the author comes to the conclusion that tragedy is the summit of poetry, and that we can observe in nature the war of one of the title concepts with itself. In this book, the author defines the beauty of an object as what occurs when it realizes one of the title concepts. In the last book , the author posits that the idea of life is tragic, and examines the denial of the will to live. One of the title concepts in this work is defined as a striving, yearning force that takes various forms according to its inclinations, and this work posits that by losing oneself in objects, one can realize the truth of the title concept. For ten points, identify this pessimistic philosophical text, the seminal work by Arthur Schopenhauer.
Output: Social Science
One equation used to study the anisotropy in this process is called Green's function. This process and its converse can be observed in outer hair cells, and it is implemented in Scanning Tunneling microscopes. Materials exhibiting this effect also exhibit the Debye-Sears effect where they establish acoustic waves when vibrated at fixed frequencies if placed in liquid. Poling is necessary to induce this effect in ceramic materials, and Rochelle salts are exhibit this effect upon compression, which was discovered by Pierre and Paul-Jacques Curie. For ten points, name this effect the generation of electric potential in response to an applied mechanical strain.
Output: Science
Susanne Wood and Marshall Grossman have written extensively about the relationship of a poem by Amelia Lanyer to one of this man's famous works. A monologue from one of this man's works describes a woman who makes it a point "Still to be neat" and is alternately titled "Simplex Munditiis. "  That play features the character Sir Amorous La-Foole and concerns Morose's hatred of noise. Plays by this author include The Isle of Dogs and one about the witless goldsmith Touchstone, Eastward, Ho! Better known are a poem about Phillip Sidney's house, "To Penshurst," a song that begins "Drink to me, only, with thine eyes," and a play about a fox. FTP name this author of To Celia, better known for plays like The Alchemist and Volpone.
Output: Literature
When the polar vortex slows, this region can undergo sudden warming. This layer is subject to the quasi-biennial oscillation. The distribution of water and another substance in this layer and an associated sublayer are explained by the Brewer-Dobson circulation. Like the thermosphere, its temperature increases with altitude. This layer contains the ozone layer. Its bottom boundary is called the tropopause, below which is the troposphere. For 10 points, name this second layer of the atmosphere.
Output: Science
The grandson of this dynasty's founder was overthrown in a coup by his uncle, the Prince of Yan. This dynasty's last emperor, Chongzhen, was dethroned by the peasant Li Zicheng. Its first emperor came to power during the Red Turban Rebellion and was known as Zhu Yuanzhang, the Hongwu Emperor. One of its rulers, the Yong-le emperor, sent Zheng He on exploratory naval missions, commissioned the Forbidden City, and moved the capital to Beijing. For 10 points, name this Chinese dynasty that succeeded the Yuan and preceded the Qing, known for its porcelain.
Output: History
He attempted to impart a Middle Eastern flavor to works such as the Nuit persane and his fifth piano concerto, known as the "Egyptian. " This composer of the Spanish-flavored Havanaise also wrote a piece which contrasts a reflective opening with a faster section in which the soloist plays in 2/4 against the orchestra's 6/8. Another work for violin and orchestra by this composer required an E to E flat scordatura tuning, was based on a Henry Cazalis poem, features an oboe near the end symbolizing a rooster call and uses the xylophone to depict rattling bones. For 10 points, name this composer of the Introduction and Rondo Cappricioso, Danse Macabre, and Carnival of the Animals.
Output: Fine Arts
A magazine editor claims that his pet baboon, Juniper, has written Gothic tales for a certain magazine in this author's short story "How to Write a Blackwood Article. " In the best-selling work of his lifetime a Black man named Jupiter describes a map of the location of Captain Kidd's treasure to William Legrand. In addition to "The Gold Bug," this author wrote of the twins Madeline and Roderick whose home collapses into a bog in a story collected in Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque. FTP name this American creator of the detective C. Auguste Dupin who also wrote "The Fall of the House of Usher. "
Output: Literature
He composed a piece for chamber orchestra that contained a movement marked Tempo giusto, and a ballet in which the Joker has the chameleon-like ability to become any other card. This composer of the Dunbarton Oaks Concerto and Card Game wrote a work in which chromatic scales are used to depict the swooping of the title bird, and his Symphony in C contains a notable Larghetto concertante movement. This composer of Song of the Nightingale also wrote one ballet in which Prince Ivan enters the realm of Kashchei the Immortal and meets thirteen princesses, and another which contains sections entitled Ritual Action of the Ancestors and Ritual of the Two Rival Tribes. For 10 pointsname this composer of The Firebird and The Rite of Spring.
Output: Fine Arts
This man wrote that Brinton's observations of the title varying vocalizations were not evidence of cultural inferiority in On Alternating Sounds. To catalog environmental influences on native migration in The Central Eskimo, he studied the Inuit of Baffin Island. He studied the practice of potlatch among the Kwakiutl, which led him to develop the concept of cultural relativism. He founded the anthropology department at Columbia, where he trained students such as Alfred L. Kroeber and Ruth Benedict. For 10 points, name this anthropologist, the author of The Mind of Primitive Man.
Output: Science
The theory in which these particles appear is an SU(3) gauge theory, and particles composed only of them are predicted to exist, but the only candidate known, f(1710), decays too quickly into K-mesons. During the first ten microseconds after the Big Bang, the state of matter where hadrons are decomposed that was said to have formed is known as a plasma of quarks and these particles. A vector gauge boson of spin 1, they have only two polarization states and have eight independent types, and although their exchange results in a change of color, the quarks maintains the balance of color. Carriers of the strong nuclear force, these are, FTP, which subatomic particles that cause quarks to interact and thus the binding of protons and neutrons in nuclei
Output: Science
This work discusses how incomplete knowledge of causes leads to a belief in luck in the section Of Probability. It argues that ideas lack the forcefulness of actual and that the source of all ideas is ultimately impressions in Of the Origin of Ideas, though it provides a possible counter-example of a missing shade of blue. It distinguishes relations of ideas from matters of fact, known as the authors namesake fork, and goes on to question whether we can trust induction. For 10 points, name this empiricist text which built on the ideas of John Locke, a work of the Scottish philosopher David Hume.
Output: Social Science
General Snowden set up his headquarters at the local schoolhouse as he and his troops took up a strong defensive position at Munhall. Any prisoners were brought to the temporarily constructed Camp Sam Black. The problems had begun six days earlier, on July 6th, when Hugh Douglas confronted the two hundred and eighty armed men who had floated down the Monongahela on the orders of Henry Clay Frick. These Pinkerton guards were supposed to continue the policy of evicting the strikers from company owned housing so that scabs could replace the members of the Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers. FTP, identify this 1892 Pennsylvania strike against the Carnegie Steel Company.
Output: History
This work contains the lines, "The swallow tittering from the straw-built bed, the cock's shrill clarion, or the echoing horn, no more shall rouse them from their lowly bed" before claiming that "Full many a gem of purest ray serene the dark unfathom'd caves of ocean bear". Another section of this work discusses how "Knowledge to their eyes her ample page, rich with the spoils of time, did ne'er unroll" and "beneath those rugged elms, that yew tree's shade, where heaves the turf in many a mouldering heap, each in his narrow cell for ever laid". This work begins with the lines, "The curfew tolls the knell of parting day, the lowing herd winds slowly o'er the lea". For 10 pointsname this poem by Thomas Gray.
Output: Fine Arts
character in this novel is described as having "outlived herself. " One section consists only of the words "Nothing. Existed. " and another simply states "I must not be afraid. " The narrator dreams of animals made of slices of toast in a world full of ants and centipedes, and soon after dreams of a soldier with a hole in his face who does not know where to put a bouquet of violets. The narrator of this novel receives a letter from his former lover asking him to visit her when she takes a trip to Paris. The narrator is researching the Marquis de Rollebon, and one character is attempting to read all of the books in the library in alphabetical order and is known as the Self-Taught Man. For 10 points, name this novel set in Bouville and written as the diary of Antoine Roquentin, written by Jean-Paul Sartre
Output: Literature
The Polish notation developed by Lukasiewicz can be practically treated by representing operations by these mathematical entities. These entities can be represented numerically by Prufer codes, and Cayley's theorem states that for a given n, there are exactly n to the n-2 of these. The subset of those n vertices that are pendant in on of these objects is equal to two plus the sum of the degree of each vertex minus two. The zig, zig-zag, and zig-zig steps create the "splay" variety of these entities, while Prim's algorithm is useful for determining the minimum spanning kind. For 10 points, identify these acyclic, connected graphs which consist of a series of roots and leaves.
Output: Science
Oscar Wilde is buried in this city's Pere Lachaise Cemetery. Its business district is known as La Defense, and Montparnasse Tower is found in this city near the Lafayette Shopping Center. The Chatelet Theatre is located in this city, whose museums include Pompidou and the Orsay. Sacre Coeur stands atop this city's hill of Montmartre. This city's Fauborg St. Antoine is home to the Bastille, while the Seine River runs through this city. For 10 points, name this French city which features such landmarks as Notre Dame Cathedral and the Eiffel Tower.
Output: Social Science
One ruler of this polity diluted his power by placing his brother Pacorus in control of a region of Atropatene and attempted to the found the anti-Greek town of Vologesias. An earlier king of this empire may have partially ruled with his son, also named Pacorus, and killed his father before the latter could respond to the occupation of Orsoene and Gordyene. That king, Orodes II, also put to death, the victorious general in a battle over Gaius Cassius Longinus and others. Its first capital was likely centered at Dara, and this polity's rule was ended by Ardashir I. Before that, one king of this polity defeated Artavases of Armenia but was himself defeated by the Scythians; that man was Mithridates the Great. Defeating Marcus Licinius Crassus at the battle of Carrhae, for 10 points, name this Mesopotamian empire, a rival of Rome.
Output: History
This man wrote about three imaginary dialogues between himself and St. Augustine in his My Secret Book. The brother of a Carthusian monk, he also wrote two books of biographies on Roman and Biblical leaders and an unfinished biography of Scipio Africanus. This author of On Illustrious Men and Africa is best known for (*) Il Canzoniere, a collection of 366 poems dedicated to his lifelong love, who died from the plague in 1348. For 10 points, name this 14th-century Italian poet who wrote to a mysterious Laura.
Output: Literature
Most proteins, such as Gelsolin, interact with this by binding in the hydrophobic cleft between its subdomains 1 and 3. That cleft can also bind subdomain 2 of a different molecule of this protein, a nucleation reaction mediated by the Arp 2/3 complex. Although it can be visualized with fluorescently tagged phalloidin, that treatment increases the amount of this protein at the cell membrane, where its normal functions include promoting cell adhesion by linking to cadherin via vinculin and catenins. Thymosin beta 4 maintains the cellular concentration of its free form, while profilin catalyzes its exchange of ADP for ATP and thus promotes its polymerization. Once polymerized, it can form dynamic structures such as lamellipodia and the contractile ring during cytokinesis. ATP hydrolysis causes globular monomers to be released from its filamentous form., and troponin regulates its binding of motor proteins in sarcomeres. For 10 points, name this cytoskeletal protein that forms microfilaments and is associated with myosin in muscle cells.
Output: Science
One mass by this composer consisted of five voices and is set to a secular French song that describes a man armed with a coat of iron mail. In addition to L'Homme arme, this composer created a number of works with madrigals by Cypriano. He espoused the polyphonic style in the wake of the tenets set down by the Council of Trent regarding church music, and composed the Missi sine nominee as well as Nasce la gioja mia. An early proponent of counterpoint, For 10 points, name this Italian composer best known for creating a namesake style, the composer of Missa Papae Marcelli, the Pope Marcellus Mass.
Output: Fine Arts
In a Gustave Caillebotte painting named for one of these objects, a dog walks by a man who holds his\n head in his hands. Silvano Vinceti claimed that the numbers two and seven were hidden in one of these\n objects in the background of the Mona Lisa. The title fireworks show of James Whistler's Nocturne in\n Black and Gold takes place over one of these objects. One of these objects named "Maidenhead" is thought\n to have inspired the one J.M.W. Turner painted in Rain, Steam and Speed. A Japanese inspired structure of\n this type at Giverny was often painted alongside water lilies by Claude Monet. For 10 points, name these\n structures which Canaletto often painted crossing the canals of Venice.
Output: Fine Arts
One equation for discovering this value multiplies the masses of two objects over the radius squared multiplied by this force's universal constant. When this weakest of the four fundamental forces is equal to the drag force on an object, that object will be at a terminal velocity. An object's weight is equal to mass multiplied by this force. For 10 points, name this force that acts as a downward acceleration on an object on Earth at 9.8 meters per second squared, which was studied by Isaac Newton possibly because of an apple.
Output: Science
A red barn can be seen in the back right of this painting, while the main building's attic features a pointed arch window that provides part of the basis for its title. One figure is seen staring at something to the viewer's right, and is based on the artist's sister Nan. Byron McKeeby, the artist's dentist, modeled for the other figure, who is given symbolic significance by holding a pitchfork in his right hand. FTP, what is this classic of American Regionalism, painted by Grant Wood
Output: Fine Arts
An ostinato with the winds and horns mirroring notes from a harp mimics the tolling of convent bells in this work's second movement, an Allegretto. Subsequently, a rustic Allegro Assai passage introduces the next movement, an Allegretto serenade. A theme from the composer's unsuccessful overture Intrata di Rob Roy Mac Gregor provided the basis for this piece's ide fixe, and after the aforementioned "March of the Pilgrims" and the "Serenade of an Abruzzi Mountaineer to his Mistress," this work's fourth and last movement revisits its previous movements before descending into the "Orgy of Brigands. "  Never performed by its intended soloist, Niccolo Paganini, this is, FTP, what viola showpiece by Hector Berlioz, adapted from a Lord Byron poem
Output: Fine Arts
With Michael Kasha, this man postulated that phosphorescing organic molecules are in a triplet state, and one of his theories was inspired by Abegg's rule. The Drago-Wayland equation can be used to predict the enthalpy of interactions between two types of molecules named for this man, whose isolation of heavy water predated his student (*) Harold Urey's isolation of deuterium. The fugacity of each species in an ideal solution can be determined using a rule named for this man and Randall. In his article "The Atom and the Molecule," he proposed a model involving cubical atoms, which led to the postulation of the octet rule. FTP name this scientist whose namesake acids are electron pair acceptors in a definition developed after Arrhenius and Bronsted-Lowry.
Output: Science
One building in this city contains stained glass designed by Edward Burne- Jones and served as a hub for the Arts & Crafts movement. That building acted as the residence of William Morris and is called the Red House. The ceilings of a Neoclassical building in this city contain paintings by Peter Rubens. An architect from this city used the style of Palladio for the facades of his Banqueting House in Whitehall. A building in this city, home to Inigo Jones, was destroyed by fires three times and was most recently redesigned by Christopher Wren. For 10 points, name this city home to St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey.
Output: Fine Arts
Schilling's ridge-sink model describes phenomena here, and convection cells here exhibit "soft turbulence. " The carrot shape of kimberlite pipes owes to their origin in this region. Studies of mid-ocean-ridge basalts suggest its convection occurs only in two layers. This structure may contain a post-perovskite phase where P-waves attenuate in its D-double-prime layer. A velocity discontinuity in this region is named for Inge Lehmann. Its upper limit is named for Mohorovicic [moh-oh-ROH-vee-chihch], which separates its uppermost layer, the asthenosphere, from the crust. For 10 points, name this plastic layer of the earth's interior between crust and core.
Output: Science
Naturally-occuring hormones in this class are functional derivatives of isopentenyl adenine and include zeatin and benzyl adenine. Promoting morphogensis in tissue, chlorophyll production, and leaf expansion, they are most commonly found in meristemic regions but are synthesized in roots and transported via the xylem. Found in almost all plants as well as certain mosses and many fungi and bacteria, are, for 10 points, this class of plant hormones that are most active in promoting cell division and differentiation.
Output: Science
One leader in this conflict was killed in the second battle of Ramla and was named Stephen II. Another figure in this conflict was named Peter the Hermit. This conflict was chronicled by Robert the Monk. This campaign began after a speech given by Pope Urban II at the Council of Clermont. A key battle in this conflict ended when a (*) Fatimid leader fled a certain holy city. For 10 points, name this military conflict in which Europeans sought to regain control of Jerusalem, which was the original campaign of this type.
Output: History
Irregularly shaped compartments of this organelle which change in response to cellular metabolic activity are called paraspeckles, and promyelocytic leukemia bodies are often found in this organelle. The biogenesis of snRNPs ["snurps"] is thought to be regulated by this organelle's (*) Cajal bodies, and it can be visualized through Hoechst and DAPI staining. Movement in and out of these organelles is regulated by RAN proteins at its namesake pores, and this organelle is  not found in erythrocytes. This organelle is surrounded by a namesake "envelope" which is continuous with rough ER, and it is the site of transcription. For ten points, name this organelle only found in eukaryotes which contains the nucleolus as well as the genetic material of the cell.
Output: Science
A doctor in this work recognizes his friend's lover by the mole on her cheek. While pursuing that lover, the protagonist rides his horse to death in the snow. Earlier, he observes a smuggling operation partially run by a mysterious woman who attempts to drown him. The narrator acquires the journals of the protagonist from an officer who relates the first story in which the protagonist steals a bandit's horse to trade for a local princess. A central duel in this novel is set on top of a cliff and is fought over the protagonist's alleged seduction of Princess Mary. FTP, Bela, Grushnitsky, and Maksim Maksimych are acquaintances of Pechorin in what novel by Mikhail Lermontov
Output: Literature
These people recorded their rulers' accomplishments on tetun using the only complete written language of the pre-Columbian Americas. Leaders of these people include Pakal (pah-KAHL) the Great and Hunac Ceel (HOO-nahk KEEL) and their myths are collected in the Popol Vuh (POE-pohl VUH). For 10 points, identify this Mesoamerican civilization that created the Long Count calendar and had cities at Tikal (tee-KAHL) and Chichen Itza (CHEE-chen EET-zah).
Output: Social Science
Count Maximilian von Trautmansdorff was greatly responsible for its conclusion, and France was represented at its negotiation by the Marquis de Sable and the Count dAvaux. Pope Innocent X issued the Bull Zelo domus Dei, which contested all of its articles that were detrimental to Catholicism. This settlement also recognized the Swiss Confederation and confirmed the Peace of Augsburg. For 10 points name this agreement, negotiated in Munster and Osnabruck that ended the Dutch and German phase, or final part, of the Thirty Years War.
Output: History
This work ends with, Le roi est mort, vive le roi! Ave Maria! in its last chapter, Farewell to Nemi. Other chapters include Killing the God in Mexico and Homeopathic Magic of a Flesh Diet. Three chapters are devoted to Attis, five to Adonis, and four to Osiris. Several chapters are devoted to taboos, and another chapter discusses the Corn-spirit as several different animals. Its analysis of the Crucifixion was removed in later editions, and this work otherwise caused a scandal for its inclusion of Jesus in its depiction of otherwise pagan gods. Named after an object that (*) Aeneas and Sibyl presented to earn admission to Hades, FTP, name this seminal work of comparative anthropology by James Frazer.
Output: Literature
The cooperative pseudo- form of this phenomenon has been linked to the vibronic theory of ferroelectricity. A version of this phenomenon arising from mixing of two or more interacting states was studied by Opik and Pryce. The Ham factor is used to simplify calculations of electronic and vibronic properties affected by this phenomenon. It is frequently observed in complexes where the e-sub-g orbitals contain an odd number of electrons, as in compounds of copper(II). For 10 points, name this effect in which nonlinear systems in a degenerate electronic state distort to remove the degeneracy, which can result in the distortion of a coordination compound with octahedral symmetry to tetragonal geometry. 
Output: Science
This country's neighbor tried to prevent other countries from recognizing it through the   Hallstein [HAHL-shteen] Doctrine. For most of the time this country existed, Erich Mielke [AIR-ikh  MIL-keh] headed its dominant secret police force, the Stasi [SHTAH-see]. This country was ruled by   a State Council after the death of its only president, Wilhelm Pieck [VIL- helm PEEK]. For many  years, that council was headed by Walter [VAL-tair] Ulbricht and then Erich Honecker. This country  started as the occupation zone agreed to at the Yalta Conference under the control of the Soviet  Union. Name this country that merged with its neighbor in 1990 following the fall of the Berlin Wall.
Output: History
1. The children of one couple in this work are dubbed no-neck monsters, and one characters illness is ascribed to a spastic colon instead of its true cause. Another character claims that he drinks because of the worlds mendacity. This play tells of Skipper, who refused to sleep with a woman to disprove allegations that he had a homosexual crush on that womans husband. The plot centers on the birthday party of the patriarch of the Pollitt family, whose sons Brick and Gooper vie for his inheritance. For 10 points, name this Tennessee Williams play whose title feline is Bricks wife Maggie.
Output: Literature
Quashed when John Lister's men were defeated by Henry Le Despenser, it ultimately proved unsuccessful due to forgotten promises at Miles End and Smithfield. It was allegedly caused by an unpopular poll tax, but was largely the result of discontent over the Statute of Laborers. It began in Essex in May 1381, and a month later men from Kent had entered London and destroyed the palace of John of Gaunt. FTP, identify this revolt led by Wat Tyler and named for the portion of the populace involved.
Output: History
When challenged by Utgard-Loki, this mythological being could not empty a horn that was connected to the sea, nor could he defeat Old Age in a wrestling match. To rescue Loki, he defeated Geirrod with the help of the magical belt of the giantess Grid. At Ragnarok, the foot of Hrungnir was lifted off his neck by his son Magni, and he would later die from poison after killing Jormundgand. The father of Thrud with his wife Sif, this is, FTP, which thunder god of Norse mythology who often used a weapon which always returned to his hand, Mjollnir
Output: Social Science
His sister Anna wrote The Tale of a Great Sham, which emerged from her discontent with the League of which he had been the president. He was released from prison in return for help in suppressing violence through the Kilmainham Treaty, which brought an end to the Land War. He also gained status due to the deaths of T.H. Burke and Frederick Cavendish in Phoenix Park, which allowed him to displace the National League with his own Home Rule Party. His downfall began in 1889 when his alliance with Gladstone unravelled, and his fate was sealed in 1891 when the Freeman's Journal abandoned him, after he was named in a divorce petition involving William and Kitty O'Sheaa. FTP, name this leading Irish nationalist of the 1880s.
Output: History
This nation's state of Quintana Roo borders the state of Campeche. In this country, six rivers form the Copper Canyon before merging into the Fuertes River to empty into the Sea of Cortez. One province in this nation contains the Rio Conchos, which joins with the Rio Bravo del Norte in Ojinaga, and this nation also includes the states of Sonora and [*] Tabasco. This country, which contains the Yucatan peninsula and the city of Cancun, has another state that contains the border city of Tijuana. Including Chihuahua and Baja California, for 10 points, name this Latin-American country directly south of the United States.
Output: Social Science
Chris Wright was the first person to use this reaction with coordinated carbon dioxide nickel complexes and Nguyen performed "green" versions of this reaction without solvents to create ethyl trans-cinnamate. Used in the preparation of steroids, this reaction can also be used to produce large yields of unsaturated nitriles. Using excess lithium salts during the addition step allows selective formation of the product and is known as the Schlosser modification. For 10 points, name this reaction that reacts an aldehyde or ketone with an ylide to generate an alkene.
Output: Science
One of this author's works stars the son of a priest of the Hill people who travels across the river Ou-dis-sun on a "god-road" to the Dead Place after having a vision of the Great Burning. This author of that post-apocalyptic story wrote about falling in love with "the snakeskin-titles of mining claims" in a poem that ends with the line "Bury my heart at Wounded Knee". Jack Ellyat and Clay Wingate are among the narrators of this man's epic poem about the Civil War, and he also wrote a story in which Mr. Scratch puts Jabez Stone on trial. For 10 points, name this author of "By the Waters of Babylon", "American Names", John Brown's Body, and "The Devil and Daniel Webster".
Output: Literature
One student of this man published Passavantius as an attack against Pierre Lizet. This teacher of Theodore Beza was opposed by Arminius's Remonstrants. In his most famous work, this figure claimed, "as it is in the creation of man that the divine perfections are best displayed," and this figure's followers burned Michael Servetus alive. Formulator of the theories of Irresistible Grace and Total Depravity in his (*) "Five Points", this man's views were carried to Scotland by John Knox. For ten points, name this author of Institutes of the Christian Religion who led the Reformation in Geneva and created a denomination that believes in predestination.
Output: Social Science
In some myths, Dionysus earned a spot among the Olympians after getting this god drunk and transporting him to Olympus on the back of a mule in order to release Hera from a magic throne. Erechtheus, a legendary king of Athens, is said to have been produced by this god's abortive attempt at having sex with Athena and sprung from this god's spilt seed. In the Iliad, he is married to Aglaea, one of the Charities, while his better known partner was caught in a net with Ares and hauled before the rest of the Olympians. The parthenogenic son of Hera, identify, for 10 points, this lame husband of Aphrodite, the Greek god of volcanoes, the forge and fire.
Output: Social Science
In one story, this figure has a dream in which her plants have caught on fire; she then murders a man to use his blood to put it out. A plant with roots that are all black and whose upper portion is all white is given to a man who visits her domain. As related in the Telegoneia, her illegitimate son kills his father with a spear that has been tipped with stingray poison. (*) Canens killed herself after this woman turned Picus into a woodpecker. Eurylochus escaped the charms of this woman, who lived on the island of Aeaea. Her might is silenced by moly, which is given by Hermes to a man whose followers were all turned into swine. For 10 points, name this sorceress from The Odyssey.
Output: Social Science