niryuu/sni-each-converted huggingface dataset:
These events occur because of PGO spikes and facilitate "reverse learning" according to a model of Crick and Mitchison. Hobson and McCarley stated that these events attempt to make sense of random activity in their formulation of the activation-synthesis theory. The symbolic meanings of these occurrences are called latent content and are covered up by the manifest content. One psychologist argued that these experiences satisfy the otherwise unacceptable feelings of the unconscious in his wish-fulfillment theory. For 10 points, name these events which are the subject of an "interpretation" in a book by Sigmund Freud and occur most vividly during REM sleep.
Output: History
One work by this man details the terminal illness of a man who injures himself while hanging curtains, and is called The Death of Ivan Ilyich. In addition to writing a novella whose protagonist kills his wife after she performs the title musical piece with her lover, The Kreutzer Sonata, this author wrote a novel whose protagonist has a relationship with Count Vronsky before killing herself by jumping in front of a train. For 10 points, name this author of Anna Karenina and War and Peace.
Output: Literature
The winning commander of this battle initially charged with a unit of Agrianians, and the losing side of this battle resorted to looting instead of rescuing Sisygambis. During this battle, the winning commander broke left to aid Parmenion, who was outnumbered by a unit under Mazaeus. Following this battle, all of the losers war elephants were captured, and the Bactrian cavalry caught up to the fleeing commander of the losing side, who was murdered by the general Bessus. Sometimes called the Battle of Arbela, it followed the siege of Tyre and preceded the Battle of the Hydaspes River. For 10 points, identify this 331 B.C. battle which saw the defeat of the Persian Empire under Darius III by Alexander the Great.
Output: History
This man's military was first led by Saint Arnaud, and his advisors included the dukes of Persigny and Morny. He was satirized in a work plagiarized to form The Protocols of the Elders of Zion, Maurice Joly's Dialogue in Hell Between Machiavelli and Montesquieu. His rule saw a boom in railway construction and the implementation of Baron Haussmann's plan to renovate the streets of Paris. He assisted Victor Emmanuel II against Franz Joseph at Solferino and he was able to briefly annex Mexico under Maximilian, but he was defeated and captured by Moltke at Sedan, ending the Franco-Prussian War. For 10 points, name this French emperor, the nephew of his namesake.
Output: History
This composer's first piano trio is in B major and opens with solo piano playing the first subject on top of a rippling quaver accompaniment. One overture by this composer features a student drinking song introduced by the bassoons, while this composer's Double Concerto for Violin and Cello was not appreciated by his mistress, the wife of another composer. This composer is known for a set of 21 tunes originally written for piano for four-hands. For ten points, name this German composer of the Academic Festival Overture and the Hungarian Dances.
Output: Fine Arts
Important arias in this opera include Hat man nicht auch Gold beineben and Gott! welch Dunkel hier! In a side plot, Jacquino is rejected by Marzelline, who loves the title character. Marzelline's father, Rocco, is the jailer and the only one allowed in the lower dungeon levels according to Don Pizarro. Don Fernando arrives at the end to free the character Florestan from prison upon learning that it is Leonore dressed as the title character. FTP, identify this only opera by Beethoven.
Output: Fine Arts
One composer from this country composed the Peacock Variations and Dances of Galanta, and another composer from this nation composed Atmosphres and Lux Aeterna, two pieces included in 2001: A Space Odyssey. The former of those composers based an orchestral suite on his opera about a hussar who defeats Napoleon, Hry Jnos. One composer from this country wrote a Concerto for Orchestra and Mikrokosmos, and Brahms composed a set of tunes based on dances from this nation. The primary Romantic composer from this country wrote the Transcendental Etudes and Rhapsodies from here. For 10 points, name this country, home of Bla Bartk and Franz Liszt.
Output: Fine Arts
Pausanias claims that one member of this profession, an Euboean son of Crius,  is the source of an alternative tradition for the name of Pythos. In the Homeric Hymn to Demeter, Demeter pretends to be Dosos, a person wronged by people in this profession. According to Apollodorus, a mistaken belief that Catreus was one of these people led his son Althaemenes to unknowingly slay him. Its not swineherding, but Eumaeus was in Sidon when these people took him to (*) Ithaca. One person demanded the right to sing one last song from some of these people and ended up being rescued from them by the dolphins that he attracted; that man was Arion. Dionysus turned some Tyrrhenian people in this profession into dolphins after using vines to fill up their boat. For 10 points, name these people who often appear in children's stories making their captives walk the plank.
Output: Social Science
Rick Strassman theorizes that this body may produce a compound he suggests causes near-death experiences and alien abduction hallucinations, the "Spirit Molecule" DMT. It is located behind the stria medullaris and dorsal to the superior colliculus. Early vertebrates sometimes had a foreamen corresponding with this body, and in reptiles it is often known as the "third eye. " In humans, this body produces melatonin and regulates circadian rhythms and was the last of the endocrine glands to be determined. FTP, name this pea-sized gland located in the geometric center of the brain.
Output: Science
Virgil describes a priestess of this goddess named Chloreus who helped drive the Latins out of Rome, and the reception of an image of this figure was celebrated at the Megalensian festival. Zeus could not rape this figure directly and so let his semen fall on her while she was in the form of the Agdos rock. Marsyas was a follower of this figure, whose most famous action was commemorated by the (*) Hilaria in Roman times. Her cult was run by eunuch priests called Corybantes. Her son and consort castrated himself and died after provoking her jealousy, but she resurrected him. According to one legend, this mother of Attis turned Hippomenes and Atalanta into lions for making love in one of her temples. Later assimilated with Rhea, for ten points, name this Phrygian Earth Mother goddess.
Output: Social Science
The first step of this process involves a condensation step called leptotene. A failure of one stage of this process is known as (*) non-disjunction and results in diseases like Turner or Klinefelter Syndrome. The end of its first step involves an exchange of material called crossing over. Those conditions occur when chromosomes fail to properly separate during this process which involves the division of a diploid cell into four haploid cells. For 10 points, name this process of cell division in which the resulting daughter cell has half the number of chromosomes unlike mitosis.
Output: Science
One of the names of this countrys largest lakes literally translates as Booze Vat and is a stunning green color. Its Central Highlands region is home to the Hals topography and such cities as Borgarnes. Its only native tree is the Betula pubsescens birch, which is being deforested because of topsoil erosion. This countrys north is home to Dettifoss, the largest waterfall by volume in Europe, and Akureryi is the country's largest city outside the capital metropolitan area. This countrys island of Surtsey emerged from the ocean in the 1960s. Vatnajkull covers 8% of the country, and has been the scene of Jkulhlaup, spectacular glacial eruptions and floods. For 10 points, name this North Atlantic island nation, home to Bjrk and unpronounceable place names.
Output: Social Science
In this book, a woman gives birth to two boys, one who "came out red all over like a hairy garment" and another who grasped the first one by the heel. This occurs after the mother is told that "two nations are in thy womb." This book is the first to mention Shem, Japheth, and Ham, the sons of a man who is brought an olive branch by a dove. The first verse of this book's first chapter states that "In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth" before describing Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden. For 10 points, name this first book of the Old Testament.
Output: Literature
At increasing depths, their structure is expected to follow what has been dubbed the "pasta-antipasta sequence," as particles group first into meatball-like clumps, then spaghetti-like strands, then lasagna-like sheets. Their atmosphere is approximately one meter thick, below which is a predominantly iron crust. Anomalies in their rotation speeds are called glitches and are thought to be caused by starquakes. Their existence, first predicted by Zwicky, had strong existence provided by the discovery of the first pulsar in by Jocelyn Bell and Anthony Hewish. Predicted to form when a star's core mass exceeds the Chandrasekhar limit, but is less than about three solar masses, FTP name these rapidly spinning remains of supergiants.
Output: Science
Ellis Davidson proposed that this character was in league with the Vanir because he also "knew the future well. "  A Norse kenning for "head" is "sword of [this man]," and a kenning for "sword" is "head of [this man]. "  His own sword was Hofund, and he has three nicknames that mean "Bent Stick," "Wind Shelter," and "Golden-Toothed. "  The nine daughters of Aegir may have been the nine mothers of this character, who fathered the progenitors of mankind and allegedly could hear grass grow. For 10 points, name this "white god," a member of the Aesir who will sound the Gjallerhorn at Ragnarok, and who guards the Bifrost bridge.
Output: Social Science
The membrane of this structure features a channel composed of Tom40 proteins, and amphipathic N-terminal signal sequences direct proteins to this structure. A missing protein in this structure is the cause of Friedreich's ataxia, and altered signaling pathways in this structure are the cause of Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy. Like the nucleus, it is surrounded by a double membrane, and this organelle has numerous invaginations called cristae. Home to the citric acid cycle and electron transport chain, this organelle has its own DNA. FTP name this organelle that produces the energy molecule ATP.
Output: Science
Despite having knowledge of the exact start time of this event, 5 AM on July 19, a police chief decided to lie about it rather than distribute arms. Felix Morrow wrote the first American study of one part of it, and Hugh Thomas and Philip Knightly argued against George Steers interpretation of another part of it. A group led by Robert Merriman first saw action at the Jarama Valley in this war, that Abraham Lincoln Brigade was one of several International Brigades organized by Comintern to fight the Falange. For 10 points, name this 1936-1939 war in which the Popular Front government was overthrown by Franco, which included the bombing of Guernica.
Output: History
This poet described exchanging "polite meaningless words" with soldiers, and he notes that "whenever green is worn, a terrible beauty is born". The speaker of one of his poems believes not in "singing school but studying Monuments of its own magnificence," concluding that there is "no country for old men". This author of "Easter, 1916" invoked the "mere anarchy" soon to be "loosed upon the world" in a poem about a "rough beast" emerging from Spiritus Mundi, "slouch[ing] towards Bethlehem to be born". For 10 points, name this Anglo-Irish poet of "Sailing to Byzantium" and "The Second Coming".
Output: Literature
This nation's Bay of Plenty is the home of a sphenodont (SFEE-noh-dahnt) reptile called the tuatara. Its regions include Otago and Canterbury, whose chief city, Christchurch, was the site of a 2011 earthquake. The Cook Strait, which divides its North and South Islands, is the site of its capital, Wellington. For 10 points, the Maori people are the native inhabitants of what Pacific island nation east of Australia
Output: Social Science
At low temperatures, Debye's model accounts for phonon contribution to this quantity. This quantity at constant pressure minus it at constant volume is the number of moles of gas times the gas constant. The Dulong-Petit law states that this quantity for metals is three times the(*) gas constant over molar mass. This quantity can be written as heat divided by mass times temperature change, and for water, its value is one calorie, or 4.184 Joules per gram degree Celsius. For 10 points, name this property, the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of one gram by one degree.
Output: Science
The theory that this phenomenon is a function of social structures is known as strain theory. James Q. Wilson and George Kelling theorized that it can be prevented by decreasing urban disorder, the so-called ""broken windows"" theory. Cesare Beccaria (say-ZAR-ay beck-CAR-ee-ah) and Jeremy Bentham advocated (*) punishment as a deterrent for it, but discouraged the death penalty. For 10 points, name this phenomenon in which laws are broken.
Output: Social Science
One character in this work passes out from heatstroke after crying at a funeral, and he had earlier fallen behind the procession because he didn't want to work up a sweat and catch a chill later. In addition to Thomas Perez, another character in this work stares at a robotic-looking woman while eating at Celeste's, and later helps Raymond Sintes to write a letter when he suspects infidelity by his Moorish mistress. That character later attacks a priest after being imprisoned for his heat-induced shooting of an Arab while walking along a beach. For 10 pointsname this work which begins with the funeral of Maman and ends with the public execution of Meursault, a novel by Albert Camus.
Output: Fine Arts
This figures offspring are said to include a goddess of ghosts, Melinoe, as well as a goddess of afterlife, Macaria. This figure was responsible for the transformation of Minthe into a mint plant, and Plutarch and a scholiast on Pindar claim that this figure was a parent of the god Zagreus, who was often identified with Dionysus. Ovid recounts that the nymph Cyane floated this figures girdle to the top of her spring to prove her existence, and a son of Acheron was responsible for condemning her, and was changed into a screech owl, the creature Ascalaphus. This lover of Adonis was snatched by her husband while picking flowers with some Oceanids, and was forced to stay in her husbands abode after eating four, seven, or eight seeds. For ten points, name this goddess who was allowed to return to her distraught mother for eight months out of every year, a daughter of Zeus and Demeter.
Output: Social Science
This novel's opening contains a musing on the fact that people establish a cemetery and a prison as the first two buildings when they build a new colony. In one scene from this novel, a meteor streaming across the sky is interpreted to have a differing meaning by the townsfolk and by a group of three people who see it from atop a scaffold. This novel's main character is unable to stand in the sun while in the forest with her daughter, Pearl. This is, allegorically, because of her affair with Arthur Dimmesdale. For 10 points, name this Nathaniel Hawthorne novel in which Hester Prynne wears the titular badge to signify her adultery.
Output: Literature
This god briefly regained life after his wife transformed into a kite to wave air into him. During the Middle Kingdom the god Ptah became assimilated with this god, and this god's son is typically depicted with the head of a falcon. Along with his brother the god of chaos this god was one of two sons of Geb and Nut and this god was also the father of Horus and husband of Isis. This god was killed by his brother Seth, who chopped up his body into many pieces. For 10 points, name this Egyptian god of the underworld.
Output: Social Science
The pianist Vladislas Perlemuter was such a big fan of this composer that Perlemuter performed all of his works in a two-day concert in 1929 and wrote the study named after this man "according to" himself in 1953. A scandal caused by this man's rejection by the Prix de Rome committee led to Romain Rolland pressuring Theodore Dubois to yield his seat on the jury to Gabriel Faure. Rudolf Escher wrote a chamber piece about this mans tomb, perhaps a nod to this composers own patriotic piece The Tomb of Couperin. His small quantity of operatic work includes The Spanish Hour and The Child and the Enchantments; perhaps his best-known work is a ballet originally written for Ida Rubenstein, which consists of a steady crescendo. For 10 points, name this French composer of Pavane for a Dead Princess and the repetitive Bolero.
Output: Fine Arts
This country's capital has an artistic district called the 798 Art Zone and an opera house which models a drop of water and is sometimes called "The Giant Egg." One artist from this country created an exhibit in which millions of sunflower seeds fill up an empty space. A radio tower in this country sits across from a district named the Bund and is recognizable for two large spheres wrapping around its central columns. A bowl-shaped stadium in this country was designed by Herzog & de Meuron and features a visible steel frame supporting a retractable roof. For 10 points, name this Asian country whose capital features a stadium called the Bird's Nest, built for the 2008 Olympics.
Output: Social Science
The Landau-Lifschitz-Bloch Equation models this phenomenon's onset. It develops in stepwise fashion via the Barkhausen Effect and leads to Ising-like behavior at low temperatures. Materials exhibiting this property display magnetostriction, leading to the low vibration of gadolinium metals under high applied fields. Appearing below the Curie Temperature, FTP, what is this type of magnetism in which net magnetic moments line up so that magnetization persists after the removal of the applied field, named for the fact that iron exhibits it
Output: Science
The stretch rule states that this quantity does not change when an object is distorted along its axis of rotation. The tensor for this quantity is symmetric, and is diagonal in some orientation, defining an object's principal axes. If this value is given for one axis of rotation it can be found for certain others using the (*) parallel axis theorem. It is calculated by summing or integrating mass times distance from an axis squared, and rotational kinetic energy is equal to this quantity times the square of the angular velocity. For 10 points, identify this quantity, the rotational analog of mass, which often has units of kilograms times meters squared, symbolized I.
Output: Science
One description of the court of this leader is a History written in Greek by Priscus of Panium. A policy of appeasement was unsuccessfully used by Theodosius II to try and stop this ruler from invading his empire. This man fought a battle against forces under Theodoric I and Aetius on the Catalaunian Plains. This loser of the Battle of Chalons became sole ruler of his people after he arranged the murder of his brother Bleda. For 10 points, name this ruler who gained the title ""Scourge of God"" for his invasions into the Roman Empire while leader of the Huns.
Output: History
he father of this opera's title character hides behind a rock to discover the location of an army. Earlier in this work, that character claims he is only an officer and that his true identity is dead. Its "Grand March" is set to a procession featuring elephants. The main character of this work sings (*) "O Patria Mia" while waiting for a lover whom Ramfis later condemns and Amneris secretly loves. Radames is eventually sentenced to death by the Pharoah's priests after he falls in love with the title character of this opera, who dies with him in a vault. For ten points, name this opera set in Egypt about an Ethiopian princess, written by Giuseppe Verdi.
Output: Fine Arts
The ISIS and SNS facilities produce these particles using spallation, and a nonzero electric dipole moment would imply the violation of CPT theorem. Certain objects composed of these particles obey the Tolman-Oppeheimer-Volkov limit, whose antiparticle having a mass of 940 MeV was discovered by Bruce Cork. When free, this particle has a lifetime of about 15 minutes and decays into an antineutrino, an electron and a proton, and it is a baryon made up of two down quarks and one up quark. Discovered by James Chadwick, for 10 points, identify this neutral subatomic particle.
Output: Science
A chaotically-driven version of this phenomenon can be described using the Julia set and that version's trajectories follow Laputa chains. This phenomenon is represented in the kinetic term of the Hamiltonian of the Hubbard model, and a particular type of this phenomenon in semiconductors is described by the Fowler-Nordheim equation. This process is responsible for the occurrence of the proton-proton chain at lower temperatures than predicted, and it's the subject of the Hartman effect, which shows that its probability is width-independent. Also the basis of operation for the Esaki diode and applied to alpha decay by Gamow, this phenomenon is derived by considering evanescent wave coupling, or a decaying exponential solution for the Schrodinger equation. For 10 points, name this phenomenon in which a particle escapes from a potential well higher than its kinetic energy.
Output: Science
This author states that the title figures muse on dromedary trots in the short On Donnes Poetry. He considers a Lute, / Placed length-ways in the clasping casement in a poem to Sara Fricker, whom he married after the failure of his plans with Robert Southey to establish a Pantisocracy. In addition to The Eolian Harp, he wrote a poem in which he dismisses the viper thoughts, that coil around my mind, and another in which the title character stops one of three wedding guests and tells him about shooting an albatross, and he collaborated with William Wordworth on Lyrical Ballads. FTP, name this poet of Dejection: An Ode and The Rime of the Ancient Mariner.
Output: Literature
A contributor to the magazine G, this man served as director of the Werkbund-sponsored Weissenhof project in the 1920s and 30s, producing the Weissenhof Apartment Complex in Stuttgart in 1927. Architect of the New National Gallery in Berlin and the Tugendhat House in Brno, he was famous for his dictum "Less is more". One-time director of the Bauhaus, he also produced the Farnsworth House in Plano, Illinois and the Lake Shore Drive Apartments in Chicago. FTP, identify this architect perhaps most famous for collaborating with Philip Johnson on New York's Seagram Building.
Output: Fine Arts
This structure is associated with a lysosomal storage disease caused by deficiency of alpha-galactosidase A known as Fabry's disease. The lack of the gene FMR1 on this structure can lead to mental retardation, a syndrome in which this structure is "fragile." In a process known as lyonization, one of these structures deactivates to form a Barr body, and a missing one of these structures causes Turner syndrome. Males that possess an extra copy of this structure have Klinefelter syndrome, and red-green color blindness is a recessive trait linked to this structure. For 10 points, name this sex chromosome of which females possess two.
Output: Science
A form of spectroscopy utilizing X-rays and this effect is complementary to Auger spectroscopy and is used to measure the binding energies of atoms. This effect is combined with secondary emission in a PMT to enhance signal intensity in various forms of spectroscopy. The amount of electromotive force required to prevent this effect from producing a net current is referred to as the stopping potential. The maximum possible (*) kinetic energy attainable by the product of this effect is equal to Planck's constant times the incident photon frequency minus the work function of the material. For 10 points, the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to Albert Einstein for his explanation of what effect, in which an electron is ejected from a material due to light shining on it
Output: Science
His reign saw both the publication of the legal treatise Quadripartitus and the earliest surviving European kingdom-wide financial survey, and the exchequer originated at Winchester at the behest of his minister Roger of Salisbury. He fined William de Mandeville for allowing the escape of Ranulf Flambard from the Tower of London, and he had earlier ceded custody of Cotenin to his brother Robert Curthose to avoid war. The wreck of the White Ship resulted in the death of his only legitimate heir, William theling, and his childless marriage to Adeliza of Louvain resulted in his succession by Stephen of Blois. For 10 points, name this man who won the lordship of Normandy in the battle of Tinchebrai, king of England from 1100 to 1135 and the first Norman ruler not named William.
Output: History
The two-dimensional model of its structure was proposed by Robert Holley. All types contain the sequence "p-Cp-Cp-A" at one end and "pG" at the other. There are believed to be 32 different types, with 20 associated enzymes known as aminoacyl synthetases. The cloverleaf model also posits the location of the D-loop, anticodon end, and the amino acid binding site in, for ten points, what type of RNA
Output: Science
In the 1860s, this country started a campaign to assimilate the Aracunia region, and a civil war in this country saw the ship Itata load up arms in California and threaten the rule of a U. S. backed President Jose Balmaceda. It also gained the Tarapaca province by the terms of a treaty which also required a plebiscite to determine the sovereignty of the Tacna and Arica provinces. Yet another ruler of this country came to power after he joined forces with Jose de San Martin and defeated the Spanish at Chacabuco, Bernardo O'Higgins. For 10 points, identify this country whose Marxist leader Salvador Allende was toppled in a coup led by Augusto Pinochet.
Output: History
As a child, this novel's protagonist requested that a senator show him a family baptismal bowl, and another character gives endless lectures on how love is the cause of sufferings. The protagonist recalls how a childhood friend once lent him a pencil, and in one scene he dreams up a paradise while stranded outside in a storm. The nickname Rhadamanthus is applied to Director Behrens, and the protagonist falls for Clavdia even though she slams doors. Leo Naphta partakes in philosophical debates with his rival Settembrini, while this novel's central character originally comes to Switzerland to visit his cousin Joachim. FTP, identify this novel about Hans Castorp's seven-year stay in a sanatorium, by Thomas Mann.
Output: Literature
This man received the undesirable assignment of guarding Black Rock. William B. Giles got this man a commission to an artillery corps early in his career, and in another post, this man replaced John Wool. He was captured on the Niagara front, but fought successfully at Lundy's Lane. Later, this man won three victories in quick succession at Molina del Rey, Churubisco, and Chapultapec, after earlier getting fed up with Zachary Taylor's progress and capturing Veracruz. Later, he drafted the Anaconda Plan, but ran in an election against Franklin Pierce and was the unsuccessful Whig candidate. For ten points, identify this excessively formal general nicknamed "Old Fuss and Feathers. "
Output: History
In one of his sonnets he claims "No God, no Demon of severe response" will answer the question "Why did I laugh tonight" Another sonnet claims "The poetry of earth is never dead" and speaks of "The Cricket's song, in warmth increasing over. " The day goes by "like the passage of an angel's tear" for "one who has been long in city pent" in another work, and he claims "I saw the (*) sweetest flower wild nature yields" in a poem "To a Friend who sent me some Roses. " One sonnet mentions "high cloudy symbols of high romance" and of those times "When I have fears that I may cease to be. " Another poem is addressed to "Thou still unravish'd bride of quietness" and another begins "My heart aches, and a drowsy numbness pains. " FTP, name this British Romantic poet who wrote "The Eve of St. Agnes" and "Endymion," as well as "Ode on a Grecian Urn" and "Ode to a Nightingale. "
Output: Literature
This man's papers were collected in The Farther Reaches of Human Nature. He described moments of profound happiness that he called "peak experiences," which many of his subjects repeatedly experienced. He proposed that humans must attain (*) physical needs such as water and food, then safety needs, and once a person achieved those they could potentially reach self-actualization. For 10 points, name this humanist psychologist who created the concept of the Hierarchy of Needs.
Output: Social Science
Its western area contains Mount Gessi and Portal Peaks, as well as a national park named for Elizabeth. The Kidepo River Valley lies in the north of this country, which is home to a city that contains the Rubaga cathedral and connects to Port Bell to its south. Cities like Lira and Soroti lie close to its lake Kyoga, while the Kabalega falls downstream connects that lake to Lake (*) Albert, which along with Lake Edward forms its western border. Margherita Peak on the Eastern face of Mount Stanley lies in this country, whose Western border shares the Ruwenzori range with the DRC. Also bordering Rwanda, Sudan, and Kenya, FTP, name this country whose cities include Entebbe and Kampala, an African country once ruled by Idi Amin.
Output: Social Science
At one battle in this country, artillery shells were transported by the bear Wojtek. At that battle, in this country, the attacking side tried to break through the Gustav Line, while under the command of Harold Alexander. M. W. Williamson led the initial attack of six Swordfish against this country's moored fleet at one battle. Admiral Cunningham and Lumley Lyster commanded British troops against this country during the first ship-to-ship naval engagement that only involved aircrafts, which was the Battle of Taranto. As part of Operation Shingle in this country, John Lucas established a beachhead near Anzio. A full scale invasion of this country followed Operation Husky. For 10 points, name this country where the Allies won the Battle of Monte Cassino and captured Rome during World War II.
Output: History
One author from this country wrote Bring the Monkey and My Brilliant Career. In this countrys most notable literary hoax, the modernist magazine Angry Penguins devoted an issue to the poetry of Ern Malley before learning that he was a fake. An author from this country wrote Illywhacker, as well as a novel about a minister and an heiress who attempt to build a glass church, Oscar and Lucinda. Another novelist from this country wrote about a German manufacturer who teams up with Itzhak Stern to save a bunch of Jews during the Holocaust in Schindlers Ark. FTP, name this country home to Peter Carey, Thomas Keneally, and Patrick White, whose novel Voss involves a trek across the outback.
Output: Literature
One of this artist's paintings portrays Hur and Aaron holding up a scowling Moses' arms during a battle against the Amalekites. In addition to Victory, O Lord!, this painter depicted a young man pulling off a white armband while embracing his lover in A Huguenot on St. Bartholomew's Day. A child looks back at a double rainbow while perched on the lap of the title accordion player in this painter's Blind Girl. His created a painting of the Holy Family lambasted for its realism by Charles Dickens, and a painting in which Elizabeth Siddal modeled a drowned Shakespearean character. For 10 points, name this pre-Raphaelite painter of Christ in the House of His Parents and Ophelia.
Output: Fine Arts
This work references a nonexistent baseball game in the line "Red Sox beat Yanks 5-4 on Chapman's homer. " One character in this work is named Izumrudov and gives an address to the man who is alternately described as the madman Jack Grey and the assassin and member of the Shadows Jakob Gradus. The narrator is a professor at Wordsmith College in the town of New Wye, but claims to be the monarch Charles Xavier II. This novel is written in the form of annotations to the 999 line poem of the same name written on the death of his daughter Hazel by the poet John Shade, a friend of a man who believes he was the king of Zembla. For 10 points name this novel about the possibly insane ramblings of Charles Kinbote, a work of Vladimir Nabokov.
Output: Literature
One island belonging to this nation is Cheduba which is known for peculiar mud-shaped cones which emit sulfurous fumes or steam. A massive gold-covered stupa is found in this nation's capital while the central region of this nation is home to thousands of temples built by the (*) Bagan Dynasty. To the north lies the state of Kachin which is home to Lake Indawygi and this nation's highest peak, Hkakabo Razi, while the Mon state lies to the nation's south. Major rivers found within this country include the Salween which flows southerly along the east side of the nation into the Andaman Sea and the Chindwin which forms a major tributary with the nation's largest river, the Irrawaddy. Bordering China and Thailand to the east and India and Bangladesh to the west, FTP, identify this Southeast Asian nation, home to the city of Mandalay and its capital, Yangon.
Output: Social Science
This composer transcribed a forlane from another composer's Concerts Royaux, inspiring his six-part memorial of World War I soldiers. Pianist Ricardo Vies debuted many of this man's pieces, including a Spanish dance that was inspired by his teacher, Gabriel Faur. This composer arranged the most-performed version of Mussorgsky's Pictures at an Exhibition and wrote The Tomb of Couperin and the Pavane for a Dead Princess. A constant ostinato rhythm in the snare drums characterizes another of his pieces. For 10 points, name this French composer of Bolro.
Output: Fine Arts
The victor's only major losses were suffered by Barrel's and Munro's regiments who absorbed the brunt of Lord George Murray's attack on their left. On the far left the Athol Brigade was devastated by enfilading fire from the Campbell militia and Wolfe's regiment. On the right the MacDonalds were routed before they even reached the victor's lines. Starving and outnumbered 2-1 the losers were also tired after a marching for a night attack, - which never materialized - upon the Duke of Cumberland's Royalist army. FTP, identify this 1746 battle in Scotland which ended Bonnie Prince Charlie's claims to the throne of England.
Output: History
Nevill Mott won a share of the 1977 Nobel Prize in Physics for his research on the amorphous type of these materials. The properties exhibited by the intrinsic type are generally poor and temperature-dependent. The more useful kind is the extrinsic type, which are classified as p or n types and which often possess "holes" after impurities are added, a process known as "doping". Important examples include gallium arsenide and silicon. FTP, what are these materials, which exhibit levels of conductivity between those of conductors and insulators
Output: Science
is an art zone in this country, which is home to an artist who filled the Tate Modern with millions of ceramic sunflower seeds. A really long panoramic painting from here follows a river upstream from a rural to urban setting and depicts daily life during a spring festival. Birds and flowers name a genre of landscape painting from this country, where an assembly line using eight basic face molds was used to create thousands of life-size ceramic sculptures. That sculptural collection is still only partially excavated. For 10 points, name this country home to Ai Weiwei and the Terracotta Army.
Output: Fine Arts
These objects are thought to provide power to blazars. The rotating versions of these bodies described by the Kerr metric are surrounded by ergospheres from which energy can be gained in the Penrose process, and they can be described by mass, charge, and angular momentum according to the [*] no-hair theorem. They aren't neutron stars, but after exploding in supernovae, stars that have overcome the electron degeneracy pressure of the Chandrasekhar limit can form these objects. Featuring an event horizon at the Schwarzchild radius surrounding a gravitational singularity, for 10 points, name these astronomical objects so massive that no light can escape them.
Output: Science
This country is home to the highest sea cliffs in Europe, Slieve League, and also contains the Cliffs of Moher. Neaghe is the largest lake in this nation. The hill of Tara in this country used to be the site of coronations, and amusingly-named castles include Bunratty, Tullynally, and Ballynahinch. This nation's main river is the Shannon. The town of Ennis in this county hosts an annual folk festival in County Clare, while horse races are held frequently in Galway. Counties in this country include Sligo, Donegal, and Mayo. For 10 points, name this country with capital at Dublin.
Output: Social Science
For a uniformly magnetized sample, where H is the magnetic field strength, this quantity can be defined as F - HMV. In an ordinary system, its proper variables are temperature and pressure, and it equals F + PV, where F is the Helmholtz free energy. For a reaction, if the change in this quantity is negative, then the reaction will be spontaneous. FTP, often symbolized by either phi or G, identify this type of free energy named for an American physicist.
Output: Science
The first known ruler with this name was succeeded by his infant son Aeropus I. One ruler with this name, who was believed to be learning disabled, was born with the name Arrhidaeus and was controlled by his wife, Queen Eurydice II. One ruler of this name destroyed the city of Amfissa, which had illegally cultivated a field belonging to the Delphic Oracle. Another ruler of this name launched an invasion that led to the Peace of Naupactus and saw him weaken the Aetolian League. That ruler with this name would later be defeated by Flamininus, a Roman general. Another ruler of this name defeated the Phocians at the Battle of Crocus Field, signed the Peace of Philocrates with Athens, and was supported by the orator Aeschines, the rival of Demosthenes. For 10 points, give this name shared by several kings of Macedon, most notably the father of Alexander the Great.
Output: History
One posthumous publication by this psychologist contained the image of a black snake who accompanied Salome and Eljiah; that Elijah figure would eventually transform into Philemon. He described a pairing of contrasexual opposites in another book. In addition to describing (*) syzygy, this psychologist described personality in terms of variations from two individual types, the introvert and the extrovert, and wrote about archetypes. For 10 points, name this author of Psychological Types who studied under Freud and proposed a universal memory accessible to the whole human race, the collective unconscious.
Output: Social Science
The narrator of one story by this man finds a one-man cross country race after stopping when his pedometer measures twenty-five, while Kuno is threatened with "Homelessness" by the Machine in another of his stories. In addition to "The Other Side of the Hedge" and "The Machine Stops", he wrote about Lilia Herriton, who travels to Tuscany and gets married to Gino Carella in one work, and another of his novels sees Helen Schlegel advise Leonard Bast to quit his job as an insurance clerk, before dying of a heart attack. For 10 pointsname this author of Where Angels Fear to Tread and Howards End, who wrote about Adela Questad's accusations of rape against Dr. Aziz in his novel A Passage to India.
Output: Fine Arts
one myth, Zeus struck this figure's lover Iasion in the face with a thunderbolt after he saw mud on her back from their tryst in a field. Though she hid among the mares of Onkios, Poseidon was still able to find her and impregnate her, resulting in the birth of Despoine. In another myth, this deity disguised herself as the nurse Doso and attempted to burn away Demophon's immortality, but after Metanira stopped her, she taught her skills to Triptolemus. However, this deity is perhaps most famous for ending the harvest after her brother, Hades, took her daughter while she was picking flowers in a field. For 10 points, name this goddess of the seasons and the harvest, the mother of Persephone.
Output: Social Science
One end-times scenario of this faith involves a river of metal created by melting all the minerals of the earth. The first ruler to adopt it as an official faith was King Vishtaspa, and one of its rituals involves a drink made from water, pomegranate leaves, and the haoma plant. It lumps together all evil actions as falsehoods, or druj, and, like in Judaism, each of its temples houses a sacred fire. Its (*) Vendidad text describes the evil daevas and discourages burial in favor of leaving bodies on vulture-inhabited Towers of Silence, and its founder allegedly wrote the Gathas as part of its holy scripture, the Zend Avesta. For 10 points, name this religion that believes in the evil Ahriman's fight with the good god Ahura Mazda and is named for its Persian prophet founder.
Output: Social Science
A Hungarian member of this artistic movement designed a famous ad campaign for Miss Blanche Virginia cigarettes. Another member of this movement designed the Villa Henny, which pioneered the use of reinforced concrete. A building designed in accordance with this movement's principles features an upper floor with no stationary walls. Vilmos Huszar and Robert van 't Hoff were members of this movement, which also produced a number of "lozenge" paintings and the (*) Schroder House. One member of this group created a series of "Counter-Compositions" and proposed the supremacy of diagonal lines, which led to the break-up of this group when the painter of Broadway Boogie Woogie left it. For 10 points, name this Dutch art movement which included Gerrit Rietveld and was co-founded by Theo van Doesburg and Piet Mondrian.
Output: Fine Arts
It was confined to India for almost two thousand years, before it was described by Hindu physicians in 400 B.C. There were six major pandemics throughout the world in the 1800s. In a famous London outbreak in 1854, John Snow suggested removing a pump handle to stop the spread. For ten points, name this disease spread by ingestion of fecally contaminated food and water.
Output: Science
A system's Lagrangian (lah-GRAN-jee-uhn) equals this quantity minus potential energy. This quantity can be found by dividing the square of an objects momentum by twice its mass. The change in this quantity for an object is equal to the net work done on the object. It equals one-half times mass times velocity squared. For 10 points, name this type of energy that objects possess because of motion.
Output: Science
In one novel by this author, Holbein's painting The Body of the Dead Christ in the Tomb fascinates a character who falls in love with a general's youngest daughter. In that novel by this author, Nastasya is killed by the devil-like Rogozhin. At the end of another of this author's books, the protagonist's sister Dunya marries his friend Razumikhin, and Sonya travels to a Siberian labor camp. This author of a novel about the epileptic Prince Myshkin, The Idiot, also wrote about the murder of a pawnbroker by Raskolnikov. For 10 points, name this Russian author of Crime and Punishment.
Output: Literature
According to Nonnus, the Cabiroi are the offspring of this god. This god is often depicted riding on a donkey. According to one story, this god gave a boy named Cedalion to the hunter Orion. Small dwarf-like statues of this god were often placed at a certain location in Greek homes. Some suggest that this god was born by Hera alone because of her jealousy over Zeus' bearing of Athena. An object associated with this god as used to bribe Eriphyle, while another object originally possessed by this god was stolen from Zeus by Pandareus. Homer credits this god with being married to Charis, or Grace. One story tells of this god being nursed by Thetis and the Oceanids at Lemnos after he was twice thrown from Olympus, and this god is credited with creating Pandora. For ten points, name this husband of Aphrodite who crafted Achilles' armor and Zeus' thunderbolts, the Greek god of fire.
Output: Social Science
King Salmoneus once impersonated this god. After Chelone refused to attend his wedding, this deity turned Chelone into a tortoise. This slayer of Kampe was fed human flesh by Lycaon, who he turned into a wolf. This deity was suckled by Amalthea, a goat on Mount Ida, after Rhea interchanged him with a stone, which was eaten by his father Cronos. This father of Athena is brothers with Poseidon and Hades, and his wife is Hera. For 10 points, name this god who overthrew the titans to become the king of Olympus.
Output: Social Science
Genera in this phylum include Globodera, which features the potato cyst type, and Aphelenchoides, which are the foliar type that live inside of leaves. Ascariasis is a common disease caused by a namesake member of this phylum, which are the most prevalent examples of pseudo-coelomates. They have no circulatory system but do have a complete digestive system, and one member often used in labs was the first multi-cellular organism to have its entire genome mapped. For 10 points, name this phylum including C. elegans, consisting of often-parasitic roundworms.
Output: Science
Art historian Longhi argued that the creator of this painting may also have worked on Raising of Tabitha, and the building depicted in this painting belongs to a resident of Capernum. The right side of this painting features the four apostles standing in a line facing the central group. Another figure is seen addressing the central group and collecting the title object from a different figure, and its left most scene depicts St. Peter taking a coin from a fish. Housed in the Brancacci Chapel in Florence, for 10 points, identify this work by Masaccio which depicts three different scenes pertaining to Jesus paying the titular taxes.
Output: Fine Arts
This thinker wrote about the effect of ""animal spirits"" upon the human mind in a work that delineates a type of emotion that is prompted from an external source, his Passions of the Soul. He outlined his view of mind-body dualism in such works as his Meditations on First Philosophy. For 10 points, name this French thinker who worked extensively in developing early geometry and proclaimed ""I think, therefore I am. ""
Output: History
This country's Mar Chiquita is northeast of its second-largest city. Its capital city contains a planetarium named after Galileo and the 9th of July Avenue, which honors this country's independence day. Its province of Corrientes is separated from the Chaco province by the Parana River, and it is home to the Mapuche tribes, which inhabit its eastern pampas and Patagonia regions. The tallest mountain in this country as well as the entire Western and Southern Hemispheres, is Aconcagua. For 10 points, name this South American country claiming sovereignty over the Falkland Islands, with capital Buenos Aires.
Output: Social Science
David Jewitt and Jane Luu utilized a blink comparator to discover the first objects part of it, which were named Cubewanos after the prototype QB1. Possessing gaps due to orbital resonance, its size fluctuates from 2:3 resonance to 1:2 resonance. With its mean position inclined by 1.86 degrees, it resembles a torus. The discovery of Eris, an object in it, disproved the Titius-Bode Law governing the size of the semi-major axis of heavenly bodies. Sedna, Pluto and other Plutinos are, for 10 points, part of what astronomical structure beyond Neptune that is thought to be the home of many short-period comets
Output: Science