niryuu/sni-each-converted huggingface dataset:
One lecture by this man chastises science for only studying what is instead of what is not. That lecture also examines the feeling of dread and "deepest boredom" that humans encounter when they contemplate the nothing. Another work by this philosopher claims its goal is to "destroy the history of ontology". That book by this man distinguishes between the states of "present-at-hand" and "ready-to-hand". This author of "What is Metaphysics" describes a character who consists of existence, (*) thrownness, and fallenness in a book that contemplates the meaning of Angst. That book by this man equates the two title concepts for the "being for whom being is the question", the Dasein. For 10 points, name this German philosopher, a student of Edmund Husserl who wrote Being and Time.
Output: Social Science
One early poem by this man contains the lines, "I will prick you and you won't stand it, and you won't forget me. Little rose, little rose", while another poem by this author contains a character who "threw the holy goblet far deep down into the waves" and "watched it fall. . . and never drank a drop". This author of "Heath Rosebud" and "The King in Thule" wrote one work which was a reworking of a tragedy by Euripides, Iphegenia in Tauris, and one in which the title character chops a broom in half with an axe after enchanting it to fetch water. In addition to The Sorceror's Apprentice, this author wrote one work in which the Duke of Alba kills the title character, leading to the suicide of his lover Klrchen, and one work in which Jarno introduces the title character to the plays of Shakespeare. For 10 pointsname this author of Egmont and Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship, who wrote about the suicide of Albert using two pistols and the lover of Gretchen who makes a deal with Mephistopheles in his works The Sorrows of Young Werther and Faust.
Output: Fine Arts
Among this man's failed operas include one about a based on a play by Bjornsterne Bjornson titled Hulda, and he left the opera Ghisella unfinished. One of his tone poems, marked Allegretto Vivo, was based on a work by Leconte de Lisle and is titled Les Eolides. Another of his tone poems, inspired by Gottfried Burger's verse, suddenly stops its "chase" theme as the title character is unable to sound his horn, and depicts a sacreligious Count who goes hunting. Also known for the symphonic poem Psyche, this man dedicated his Grande Piece Symphonique to Charles Alkan. His Violin Sonata in A was composed for Eugene and Theophile Ysaye, and he also composed the aforementioned Le Chasseur maudit. Notable students of this man include Henri Duparc, Ernest Chausson, and Paul Dukas, while an early biography of this man was written by his pupil Vincent D'Indy. For 10 points, identify this Belgian organist best known for his Symphony in D Minor.
Output: Fine Arts
man developed a statement which gives the probability of the occurrence of a transition during a perturbation. A boundary that separates unfilled orbitals from filled ones at absolute zero is a constant energy surface in k-space named for this man. An energy level named for him is equal the chemical potential at absolute zero. Particles named for him obey the statistics named for this man and Paul Dirac, and he is also the namesake of certain "problems" which involve the approximation of quantities within an appropriate order of magnitude. For 10 points, identify this Italian-America physicist who lends his name to a laboratory located near Chicago.
Output: Science
Sculptures of these creatures are depicted with up to 13 lumps to represent rank, and rows of them line the Marco Polo Bridge. Twelve of these creatures support an alabaster fountain in a courtyard whose four axes lead to muqarna arches; that courtyard is part of the Alhambra. In China, male ones are depicted facing left with a xiuqiu, or ball, while female ones are depicted facing right with a cub. Heinrich Schliemann excavated a structure that depicts two of these flanking a pillar in the palace of Mycenae. For 10 points, name these animals whose sculptural depictions often flank entrances to temples and government buildings as guardian animals.
Output: Fine Arts
The "sacred road" played an important role in this operation, and Charles Mangin led a major counteroffensive at this battle, while a key role at this battle was played by the 3rd Corps under Robert Nivelle. A 21-hour bombardment preceded the main engagement of this battle, during which Emile Driant held out against his opponent's Fifth Army despite being outnumbered 5 to 1. This battle was preceded by one side's capture of Fort Douaumont, and the fighting in this battle took place mostly on and around the banks of the Meuse River. This engagement was part of Erich von Falkenhayn's strategy to "bleed France white," and it saw Phillippe Petain's marshalling of the defense. For 10 points, identify this battle of World War I which begain in February of 1916 and which ultimately saw France successfully defend its namesake fortress.
Output: History
One goddess of this place was a child of Zeus and Carme that invented hunting nets, and another figure from this place was mistakenly murdered by his son Althaemenes, fulfilling an oracle. In addition to Britomartis and Catreus, another figure from this place was cuckolded by the usurper Leucus and promised to sacrifice the first thing he saw on the beach when caught in a storm. One creature located in a city here had the alternate name (*) Asterius, while another creature circled this area thrice daily and protected Europa. The Curetes made lots of noise to drown out the sounds of infant Zeus, who was raised on Mt. Dicte in this area. Daedalus fashioned a bull costume for Pasiphae, the queen of this place, and eventually escaped from this island after fashioning wings. For 10 points, name this island home to king Minos, the Labyrinth, and the Minotaur.
Output: Social Science
The title character is wooed via trips to the theater to see plays in which a girl is skirted away from a palatial home and a cruel guardian by a hero with "beautiful sentiments. " The phrase "gone to the devil" is repeated several times as the heroine is disowned by her drunkard mother, and despite the promise of a happy, petit-bourgeois life, everything is ruined by the schemes of Nellie, an audacious woman who steals Pete the bartender away from the title character. FTP, identify this sad tale of a doomed girl-come-prostitute in the Bowery district, written by Stephen Crane.
Output: Literature
In one work by this man, Land Development Syndicate employee Tom Broadbent gives Matt Haffigan's pig a ride in his motorcar. In addition to John Bull's Other Island, this man wrote a play in which the arms manufacturer Andrew Undershaft's ideals are contrasted with the title character's work for the Salvation Army. This author of Major (*) Barbara also wrote about Henry Higgins' attempts to reform the flower girl Eliza Doolittle in another play. For 10 points, name this Irish playwright of Pygmalion.
Output: Literature
After another god knocked this god out of the sky, this god's father got angry and gave all the gods upset stomachs until this god was granted immortality. He was created from an item which was captured by a bird before it could be eaten by Kaikeyi, the youngest wife of Dasaratha. That item, a cake, was found by the wife of Kesari, a queen named Angara. In later life, he served as a general under Sugriva and killed Kalanemi, and oversaw the construction of a bridge from India to a nearby island. The son of the wind god Vayu, he is depicted as having a red face and a very long tail, and was created to help Vishnu in his incarnation as Rama. FTP, name this being who came to the rescue when Ravana abducted Sita, the monkey god of Hindu myth.
Output: Social Science
This symphony's final movement includes a collaboration between a flute and a piccolo, meant to represent an ominous bird. The composer of this symphony included a notation asking for "the largest possible contingent of strings." Its second movement, marked Andante moderato, is an A-flat major landler. This symphony is intended to be played with a five-minute pause after its first movement, which re-used its composer's abandoned piece (*) Totenfeier. It calls for a mezzo-soprano voice in its fourth movement, Urlicht, and includes a setting of Das Knaben Wunderhorn. This symphony in C minor was inspired by a Klopstock poem heard at a funeral that includes the line "Rise again, yes, rise again." For 10 points, name this second symphony by Gustav Mahler.
Output: Fine Arts
One religious leader of this faith focused on using sudden sounds or actions to make pupils see their true nature and ye-xi, or original consciousness. In addition to Mazu Doayi, another leader of this faith wrote two manuals for believers at Shaolin and is described as the "Blue Eyed Barbarian" in such texts as The Anthology of the Patriarchal Hall. This religion's founder came to China from India and was inspired by the Lankavatara Sutra and the Flower Sermon. That leader, Bodhidharma, taught that activities outside of studying scripture such as sesshin and the contemplation of paradoxes were the way to achieve satori, or enlightenment. For 10 points, name this sect of Mahayana Buddhism associated with koans and various forms of meditation that is popular in Japan.
Output: Social Science
A former girlfriend of this composer inspired his Abegg Variations, and song cycles he wrote include A Woman's Life and Love and A Poet's Love, or Dichterliebe. When writing for the New Journal for Music, this music critic often used the pseudonyms Eusebius and Florestan. This composer of Dances of the League of David wrote the piano work Arabesque in C Major for his wife Clara. He is also known for Kreisleriana, the Symphonic tudes, and Carnaval, as well a symphony which helped open the Cologne Cathedral. For 10 points, name this German composer of the Rhenish and Spring symphonies.
Output: Fine Arts
This artist's treatise, I Comentarii, published in 1447, gave a history of ancient art and discussed the author's admiration for certain painters of Siena. He created large bronze statues of saints Stephen, Matthew, and John the Baptist for the Or San Michele in Florence while he was still working on another project for which he had been chosen over six other artists, including Brunelleschi, in 1402. FTP, name this sculptor of the Gates of Paradise at the Baptistery of the Cathedral of Florence.
Output: Fine Arts
Two answers required. The breakup of this couple causes holy water to turn into black water and wine to turn into blood. The seventh letter of Ovid's Heroides concerns this couple, one of whom recalls that the voice of one of the Eumenides spoke at their wedding. One of them is served by the honorable maid Barce, who assists her in burning a bridal bed, clothing and weapons of the other. Their wedding is marked by a rainstorm mixed with hail and occurs after the two of them fled into a cave. The female member of this couple had rejected the hand of a Gaetulian prince named Iarbas and is advised by her sister Anna. That woman had fled Tyre after the death of her husband Pygmalion and founds a city in ancient Libya. For 10 points, name this couple that consists of the queen of Carthage and the hero of a poem by Virgil.
Output: Social Science
One work for this instrument and orchestra depicts the entrance to Connia's Well as well as an object which symbolized the muse called Dathi. That work, The Five Sacred Trees, was written for Judith Leclair by John Williams, and Arthur Weisberg developed a system for this instrument designed to eliminate the need for flicking. Camille Saint-Saens allegedly stormed out of the premiere of one work due to its misuse of this instrument. Its Renaissance predecessor was the dulcian, and today it is made using the Heckel and Buffet systems. It plays above the low strings to introduce the first theme in Tchaikovsky's Pathetique Symphony, and a high solo from this instrument opens Stravinsky's The Rite of Spring. For 10 points, identify this double-reed woodwind instrument which represents the grandfather in Peter and the Wolf, whose "contra" variety is the lowest member of the woodwind section in the orchestra.
Output: Fine Arts
Racist policies by border governors serving this empire culminated in the Battle of the Nobles, which came in the wake of Hisham's loss to Leo II at Akroinon and triggered the Berber revolt. Al-Mukhtar's revolt was another blemish on this polity, whose biggest disgrace was the damage to the Kabba under Yazid I during the second fitna. Language and currency were unified by an opponent of Justinian II, (*) Abd al-Malik, who also constructed the Dome of the Rock. Ethnic strife with Sogdians and other non-Arab Muslims plagued this state, ruled at times by the Marwanids, which fell after a victory at the Battle of the Zab by Abu Muslim. Failing to expand into Europe after falling to Charles Martel at Tours, FTP, identify this Islamic empire whose final ruler fled to Iberia after the capture of its capital Damascus, the predecessor of the Abbassid Caliphate.
Output: History
There are two known planets that orbit this kind of object, but a third is suspected to explain why the one is extremely hot, likely due to a recent collision. Over long periods of time, their atmospheres can accumulate methane, but like more massive objects, their atmosphere is fully convective. They fall into "L" and "T" spectral classes. A sure test for these is the presence of lithium, since stars begin to fuse lithium when they are at most one hundred million years old. A subclass of planetars, along with interstellar stars, FTP, identify these almost-stars too small to sustain hydrogen fusion.
Output: Science
This author wrote about a group of men who bring out a dead camel and whip the animals that eat it after another character is given rusty scissors to fulfill the prophecy of ending the quarrel that divides the world in two. In another story by this author, the title character almost instantly travels a huge distance after a groom presents a team of horses and kisses the maid, (*) Rosa. A girl's parents marvel at her development and consider finding her a husband after taking a tram to the countryside and deciding to move into a smaller apartment in a story by this man who wrote of the Traveler avoiding the Condemned Man as he runs away from the Commandant's harrow, and he wrote about a man who gets injured by a thrown apple and dies in his bedroom after turning into a horrible vermin. For 10 points, name this author of "In the Penal Colony" and The Metamorphosis.
Output: Literature
These entities can be found by using the Sieve of Eratosthenes (AIR-uh-TOSS-the-neez). According to Goldbach's conjecture, every integer greater than two can be expressed as a sum of two of them. Every positive integer can be expressed as a factorization of these numbers. For 10 points, identify these natural numbers whose only divisors are themselves and one.
Output: Science
This work approvingly quotes Schopenhauer's advice to a dishonest guardian on how to keep a ward from growing too intelligent. This work satirizes one concept as resembling the story of "Tono, the Great Dane" who forms his idea of the "Great Dog" after his own attributes, leading to the happy conclusion he is the Great Dog. It praises piecemeal engineering over utopian engineering because of the latter's want of large scale social experimentation. Besides "Nature and Convention", and "Aestheticism, Perfectionism, and Utopianism", this work's second volume dicsusses "The Rise of Oracular Philosophy" and "Hegel and the New Tribalism. " The first volume classifies one man as a great sociologist but decries him for a vision of fascism and totalitarianism. Opening with a chapter on "The Spell of Plato", for 10 points name this defense of liberal democracy by Karl Popper.
Output: Social Science
He posited that technology was fundamentally enframing, and claimed that facticity was the "thrownness" of existence. A notable lecture by this man dealt with Sophocles' Antigone and "Poeticizing the essence of rivers," and was named after Friedrich Holderlin's poem "Der Ister. " He denied a change in his thinking in a letter published by William Richardson, and that so-called "turn" is exemplified by his Contributions to Philosophy (From Enowning). Other works by this man include Kant and the Problem of Metaphysics and Off the Beaten Track. FTP, name this philosopher who posited a "being for whom being is in question," dasein, in his work Being and Time.
Output: Social Science
Vietnamese national hero Le Loi defended his country against this dynasty's forces. The Fish Scale Records were used to calculate taxes by this dynasty's founder, the Hongwu Emperor. This dynasty's Yong-le Emperor ordered the construction of Beijing's Forbidden City. The (*) Yuan Dynasty fell during the Red Turban Rebellion, which brought this dynasty to power. Zheng He was a eunuch admiral who explored under this dynasty's banner. For 10 points, name this Chinese dynasty that began in the 1300s and was renowned for its porcelain.
Output: History
One of this philosopher's late works employs Tarski's correspondence theory of truth to develop the idea of "verisimilitude". That work also contains the argument that unconditional prophecies are formed from a combination of existential statements and conditional predictions, and is entitled Conjectures and Refutations. Another work by this thinker discusses the reduction of theories to basic statements and contains such chapters as "The Problem of the Empirical Basis", and "Degrees of Testability". In a work of political philosophy, this thinker criticized holistic theories and argued that totalitarian regimes operated under "The Spell of Plato". The formulator of falsifiability, for 10 points, identify this philosopher whose major works include The Poverty of Historicism, The Logic of Scientific Discovery, and The Open Society and Its Enemies.
Output: Social Science
Materials with this property can exhibit a noise arising from self-organized criticality known as the Barkhausen effect. The Ising model was originally formulated to study this phenomenon, in which regions become separated by Bloch walls and materials exhibiting this property are frequently subject to hysteretic effects. The anti variety of this property disappears above the Neel point, while this property itself disappears above the Curie point, where the material transitions to paramagnetism. FTP, identify this form of magnetism resulting from the spontaneous alignment of domains, which is present in metals such as nickel and iron.
Output: Science
The Matsuoka group discovered the first soluble receptor for this class of compounds, and the DELLA proteins are critical in their signaling cascades. Synthesized through the mevalonic acid pathway, these diterpenoids are named for their common skeleton. By increasing the size and number of internodal cells, they function to increase stem length, and their effects on roots are controlled by auxins. They were first identified by researchers studying a fungal disease of rice known as "bakanae. " FTP, name this class of plant hormones whose overexpression leads to "foolish seedling" disease.
Output: Science
One side in this event was headquartered at the Bost Building. Sheriff William McCleary attempted to mediate this event, which ended after Governor Robert Pattison called in the National Guard. It began after an agreement reached three years earlier with Charles M. Schwab expired. During it, the leader of one side survived a failed assassination attempt by Alexander (*) Berkman. It also saw a bloody clash after 300 agents traveled on a flotilla of barges down the Ohio River to confront workers. Plant manager Henry Clay Frick sent in Pinkerton detectives during this event, which involved union members from the Amalgamated Association. For 10 points, name this 1892 strike that took place at a Pittsburgh-area steel plant.
Output: History
The period of a spring is given by two pi times the square root of this quantity over the spring constant. Heat transfer is equal to the specific heat times the change in temperature times this quantity. A "rest" type is multiplied by the square of the speed of light to give energy. For 10 points, name this quantity that is the "m" in "E equals m c squared."
Output: Science
Before moving into John Everett Millais' old house and studio, this man produced paintings based on existing photographs of Nazi leaders; Goebbels was the model for Man in a Cap and Hitler figured into both Figure Getting Out of a Car as well as Seated Man / Man Standing. The suicide of his lover George Dyer is depicted in his Triptych May-June, 1973. A triptych based on the Furies is regarded as his first mature piece, while alternate versions of his most famous work include Head VI and Figure with Meat. FTP, name this Irish painter famous for his grotesque imagery in such works as Three Studies for Figures at the Base of a Crucifixion and Study after Velazquez's Portrait of Pope Innocent X.
Output: Fine Arts
One member of this group was held prisoner at Pendennis Castle until he was exchanged for Colonel Archibald Campbell. The poem When Caesar Reigned King at Rome protested a member of this group receiving a death sentence, and their motto setting the hills on fire was coined by that poems author, Thomas Rowley, known as their bard. Under joint command of two colonels, this unit took Fort St. John and Crown Point during the American Revolutionary War. This group often met in Bennington at the Catamount Tavern, and their notable members included Seth Warner, Remember Baker, and their leaders brother Ira. For ten points, name this group that helped capture Fort Ticonderoga, an Ethan Allen-led Vermont militia.
Output: History
president's third Supreme Court appointment was notably independent of the political machine of Matthew Quay, causing that Pennsylvania senator to oppose the ultimately successful nomination of George Shiras. This man addressed the notion of a "World Power" in a series of lectures published as Views of an Ex-President, and while president he supported the ultimately unsuccessful (*) Lodge Bill. He sent a strong response to Chile following the Baltimore Crisis, and he also played host to the First International Conference of American States. His reelection campaign was hurt by the third party candidate James Weaver. His presidency saw the McKinley Tariff and the Sherman Antitrust Act passed by the Billion Dollar Congress. For 10 points, name this president who defeated and then lost to Grover Cleveland.
Output: History
Haldan Keffer Hartline won a Nobel Prize for his research on the electrical responses of this object in horseshoe crabs. This object contains Muller glia, which are mitotically active following damage to it. Coats disease causes the separation of this object and a cherry-red spot is found on it in children with Tay-Sachs disease. Horizontal and amacrine cells modulate communication between its cells, the inner layer of which contains ganglion cells. Composed of neural tissue, this innermost layer of the eye has a depression in its center called the macula. For 10 points, name this location of photoreceptors such as rods and cones.
Output: Science
This man's influence was studied in Philippe Lacoue-Labarthe's Fiction of Politics and Poetry as Experience. Renier Schrmann studied this man in relation to principles and anarchy, and one of his works was a response to a letter by his translator Jean Beaufret. He discussed imagination in Kant in a debate at Davos with Ernst Cassirer, while Luce Irigaray criticized this man for forgetting about air. One of this man's works features notions of the "echo" and "playing-forth" as well as introducing the concept of "the last god. " Another work argues against a "metaphysical interpretation of art" and analyzes the line ""Now come, fire! " before discussing the poetic essence of rivers. The second volume of his most famous work discusses the temporality and historicality of the concept of dasein. For 10 points, name this author of Holderlin's Hymn the Ister and Being and Time.
Output: Social Science
Groups of this name are a subset of Dedekind groups, and they are generally non-abelian groups with every subgroup normal. This name also describes an NP-complete problem that asks if it is possible to construct a cycle visiting every vertex of a graph. For classical systems with forces independent of velocity, this quantity is equal to the total energy of the system. That quantity appears in several first-order differential equations in its namesake re-formulation of classical mechanics, and that quantity is related to the Lagrangian by a Legendre transform. For ten points, identify this multi-use term derived from the name of the inventor of quaternions.
Output: Science
On the second day of it, people take baths before sunrise in honor of a day on which sixteen thousand girls were liberated from the demon king Narakasur. The third day is consecrated to the goddess of wealth and is marked by the use of fire crackers. On the fourth day, businesses start a new set of books to inaugurate the new lunar year. The fifth and final day celebrates King Bali. Jains observe it as commemoration of the establishment of the dharma by Mahavira, and Sikhs remember the 1620 festival when Hargobind Singh negotiated the release of 52 imprisoned Hindu princes. FTP, name this holiday, the Hindu festival of lights.
Output: Social Science
Some versions of this work contain an extra line referring to the Marian intercession, and Edward Seymour, the Duke of Somerset, may have supported it for political reasons. Robert Crowleys versions of this work are well-known, and Francis Meres and William Webb join Crowly as the only people to comment on its alliterative style favorably. Classified by W.W. Skeet into definitive A, B, and C text versions, it begins in Worcestershire when a fellow named Will dreams of a large tower and a fortress in a valley. Featuring characters like Do-well, Do-bet, and Do-best, FTP, name this Middle English allegorical narrative, a work of William Langland.
Output: Literature
In the prologue to this work, the fool says to the audience, "May I May I Lord! Gentlemen, a nest of memories". One character in this work sings the arias "Qual fiamma avea nel guardo" and "Stridono lassu" to frighten and then comfort another character, who would later call out "I will always be yours! " to her lover, despite the fact that she is married to the character who sings the aria "Vesti la glubba". At the end of this work, the title character exclaims, "The play is over! " after stabbing his wife, Nedda, and her lover, Silvio. For 10 pointsname this work in which Canio is the head of an acting troupe and plays a clown, an opera by Ruggero Leoncavallo.
Output: Fine Arts
With Albert Hunold, this man co-founded the Mount Pelerin Society, which was dedicated to the preservation of free societies. His Abuse of Reason project criticized social scientists' misuse of natural science principles, a practice he called "scientism. "  He wrote a critical review of Keyenes's A Treatise on Money, and Keynes returned the favor for this man's Prices and Production. His trade cycle theory was popular during the Great Depression, but he is most famous for a work in which he argues that socialist ideals lead to tyrrany, and that Nazi Germany and the USSR were on the titular journey. FTP, name this Austrian who shared the 1974 Nobel Prize in Economics with Gunnar Myrdal, the author of The Road to Serfdom.
Output: Social Science
Preparations included the construction of the Zoan Church earthworks, and it began with the decimation of the 11th Corps under Oliver Howard. At the same time as the main action of this battle, Marye's Heights was taken from Jubal Early by John Sedgwick, but Sedgwick could not advance further than Salem Church to aid the Union effort here. This battle occurred after Lee challenged the crossing of Kelly's Ford by Hooker and resulted in Hooker pulling back across the Rappahannock. FTP, name this battle which featured the accidental death of Stonewall Jackson.
Output: History
This artist painted works like The Herring Net and West Point from his studio in Prout's Neck. An unconscious figure is rescued on a zip line in one work, and a solitary farmer holds a scythe in front of a sea of wheat in another. This artist of The Life Line and The Veteran in a New Field painted four men with hats looking left on a tilting sailboat called the Gloucester. A group of boys link arms in front of a farmhouse playing the title game in (*) Snap the Whip. One painting by this artist of Breezing Up sees a dark-skinned man resting on a boat as sharks surround him. For 10 points, name this American painter of The Gulf Stream.
Output: Fine Arts
He never married, and was succeeded on the throne by his incompetent brother, Constantine VIII. Eldest son of Romanus II, the first thirteen years of his actual reign were overshadowed by revolts by Bardas Scleros and Bardas Phocas. Theoretically emperor from early childhood, his developing years were spent in the shadow of Nicephoras Phocas and John Tzimices. Defeated in 986 by a force under Samuel at Trajan's Gate, his subsequent military campaigns until his 1025 death were all victorious. He conquered Armenia to the east, but is more often associated with the peoples to the west whom he massacred. FTP, name this Byzantine emperor, often given the title "the Bulgar-slayer. "
Output: History
Time independent forms of this quantity can be modeled as a power law with the Ostwald-de Waele equation, where n greater than one means the material is dilatant. This quantity is large when convective acceleration can be neglected, allowing Stokes's law to be applied to a spherical object. For a dilute gas, this quantity is proportional to the square root of temperature in a theory named for Chapman and Enskog. This quantity can be measured with a Zahn cup in one industry, and in units of Saybolt Universal Seconds in the petroleum industry. Its (*) kinematic form is equal to its dynamic form divided by its density. Body armor has a unique shear thickening form of this quantity, because in non-Newtonian materials this quantity changes with applied stress. Stokes law gives the drag associated with this quantity. For 10 points, name this property of a fluid that describes resistance to flow.
Output: Science
This authors essay New Mexico claims that his trips to that state were the greatest experience from the outside world he ever had. His other nonfiction works include Psychoanalysis and the Unconscious and Movements in European History, while his frequently anthologized poems include Snake and How Beastly the Bourgeoisie Is. He began to write the novel The Lost Girl in Italy after emigrating there with his wife, Frieda von Richthofen, but may be better known for a work about Christs resurrection, The Man Who Died, and a set of two novels whose characters he based partly on John Middleton Murray and Katherine Mansfield. FTP, name this British novelist of Aarons Rod, The Rainbow and Lady Chatterleys Lover.
Output: Literature
This quantity can be calculated using the Eyring equation. This quantity for a reaction can be determined by finding the slope of inverse temperature versus the natural logarithm of the rate constant, and it appears in the numerator of the exponentiated term of the Arrhenius equation. Catalysts increase the rate of a reaction by lowering this quantity, which is represented by a steep increase on a potential energy curve. For 10 points, name this quantity, the minimum amount of energy input required for a reaction to take place.
Output: Science
One character in this work sings "La calunnia  un venticello" to suggest a way to get rid of the male protagonist, however, he and the primary antagonist of this opera are made fun of when the protagonist later escapes arrest with the singing of "Fredda ed immobile. " Don Basilio's inability to keep Lindoro away leads to his being forced to take a bribe later in the work or take two bullets in the head, after the man called Lindoro again gains entry to the same house disguised as a singing tutor. The title character of this work, during his first appearance, sings an aria that includes the famous repetition of his name, "Largo al factotum," and later he serves as a witness along with Lindoro on a document initially intended for Doctor Bartolo. For 10 points, name this opera that ends with the marriage of Rosina and Count Almaviva, all due to the efforts of Figaro, composed by Gioachino Rossini.
Output: Literature
In the 1890s, this island's economy took off due to the Mount Lyell copper mine. A campaign to stop a hydroelectric dam near Lake Pedder on this island inspired one of the first Green Parties in the world. A preface to H. G. Wells' The War of the Worlds indicates that it was inspired by genocide on this island. An eccentric art museum on this island contains a wall of 151 sculptures of vaginas, as well as Wim Delvoye's Cloaca Professional, which excretes feces every day. That museum was founded by David Walsh and is called the (*) Museum of Old and New Art. In 1996, Martin Bryant killed 35 people on this island. The South Esk and Derwent are the two chief rivers on this island, which was the site of the horrifically genocidal Black War. It is separated from Victoria by the Bass Strait. For 10 points, name this island off the Australian coast.
Output: Social Science
This man's doctor, Claude Gubler, published the book Le Grand Secret, which showed that this man had been hiding reports of cancer for over a decade. This man gave the famed La Baule speech, in which he criticized his nation's intervention in its former colonies. He attempted to nationalize his country's banks four months after his election to his highest post, part of his 110 Propositions. (*) Jacques Chirac served as this man's third Prime Minister from 1986 to 1988, during "cohabitation," as Chirac opposed this man's Socialist party. For 10 points, name this man who served as President of France from 1981 to 1995.
Output: History
author created a character who loves the country girl "Bet Bouncer," while another of this man's characters has his marriage to Arabella Wilmot broken up by her father's financial prudence. This creator of Tony Lumpkin ended one of his plays with the female lead betrothed to Charles Marlow, while another novel by this man ends with the revelation that Olivia is really married to the libertine Squire Thornhill. This author created such characters as Dr. Charles Primrose, a clergyman who goes bankrupt, and Kate Hardcastle, who engages in the titular action of one work by posing as a barmaid. For 10 points, name this British author of She Stoops to Conquer and The Vicar of Wakefield.
Output: Literature
Forces loyal to this ruler won the Battle of Depford Bridge, crushing the Cornish Rebellion, and shortly after coming to power this ruler had to put down a rebellion led by Viscount Lovell and the Stafford Brothers. This king's Lord Chancellor implemented a tax policy known as "Morton's Fork", and he signed a trade agreement with the Dutch known as the "Intercursus Magnus", as well as the Treaty of Medina Del Campo with Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain, by which a Spanish princess was to marry his eldest son, Arthur. Originally of Welsh descent, he landed in England in opposition to Richard III. For ten points, name this victor of the Battle of Bosworth Field, the first Tudor King of England.
Output: History
This work, which compares fortune to a flooding river, stresses that fortune is the opposite of prowess. In chapter 19 of this work, Septimius Severus is said to emulate both a lion and a fox. This book, which distinguishes between hereditary and ecclesiastical principalities, was a follow-up to its author's earlier Discourses on Livy, which described the ideal republic. This book, which is dedicated to Lorenzo de' Medici, claims that it is better for a ruler to be feared than to be loved. For 10 points, name this political treatise by Niccolo Machiavelli.
Output: Social Science
The autocorrelation function is related by the Fourier transform to the spectral density of this quantity according to the Weiner-Kinchin theorem. In the relativistic limit, this quantity is proportional to the sixth power of the Lorentz gamma. One formula giving this quantity is integrated between two time periods in order to give the magnitude of the radiation reaction, and states that it is proportional to charge squared times acceleration squared. Those expressions are named for Lienard and (*) Larmor. Equating the input and output value of this quantity is used to derive the mechanical advantage. This quantity is given by the integral of the dot product of force and velocity, or the derivative of work with respect to time. For 10 points, name this quantity measured in watts.
Output: Science
This man wrote a poem whose ninth book tells the story of Byblis, who falls in love with her own twin brother, and of Iphis, who on the advice of Isis, is raised as a boy. One of his works takes the form of letters written by jilted heroines to their lovers. In a work composed of elegiac couplets that inspired a later sequel that lists "Remedies", he claimed that "as Chiron was to Achilles," he was to (*) Cupid. This poet, who wrote a book whose final episode before its epilogue is the apotheosis of Julius Caesar, penned the Tristia during his exile to the Black Sea. A book by this author of Heroides and Ars Amatoria includes the episodes of Diana and Actaeon, Apollo and Daphne, and other tales of transformation. For 10 points, name this Roman poet of the Metamorphoses.
Output: Literature
Field-induced Neel ordering with magnons in antiferromagnets is an example of this. The wave function of this can be described by an equation that adds a term based on the scattering length and the Dirac delta function to the Schrodinger equation; that equation is named for Gross and Pitaevskii. The superfluidity of He-4 was eventually determined to be caused by this substance being dispersed in the liquid, and the one created by Wolfgang Ketterle had about a hundred times more atoms than the first one created. Eric Cornell and Carl Wieman won the 2001 Nobel Prize for the discovery of, for ten points, this state of matter, the namesake of an Indian and a German physicist.
Output: Science
One subtype of these cells are dysfunctional in IPEX syndrome, and one receptor on them is targeting by the OKT3 monoclonal antibody. Their development is aided by co-stimulatory CD28 signals, and they are activated following LAT phosphorylation by ZAP70. Their development is the subject of the Differential Avidity Hypothesis, and TSLP is responsible for activating the dendritic cells that educate them; that compound is secreted from Hassal's corpuscles. CD3 is present on their surface, and during development they interact with epithelial reticular cells to undergo rigid positive and negative selection against self-antigens, which ends with them either expressing CD8 or CD4 receptors. Coming in suppressor, cytotoxic, and macrophage-activated helper varieties, for 10 points, name this type of lymphocytes that matures in the thymus that are distinct from B cells.
Output: Science
offshoot of this denomination known as "The Dawn" evangelized through a radio question and answer program called Frank and Ernest. This sect rented eighty movie theaters in 1914 to play an eight hour long Photo-Drama of Creation all around the United States. Many of the modern ideas of this denomination, including the belief that Jesus was killed on a stake instead of a cross, were shaped by "Judge" Rutherford. This faith has its origins in the Adventist beliefs of Charles Taze Russell, whose work led to predictions of the end of "the time of the gentiles" in 1914, 1925, and 1975, and claimed that 144,000 people would be lifted up to heaven. This religion prohibits saluting a flag or receiving or giving blood transfusion and spreads its beliefs through publications like Awake! and The Watchtower. For 10 points, name this Christian denomination whose practitioners are known for knocking on doors and giving out literature.
Output: Social Science
Pausanias relates that a fisherman recovered a giant bone attributed to this figure, some of whose remains were lost at sea while being brought from Pisa to Troy. This lover of Poseidon exiled his surviving sons after they killed their brother Chrysippus. Because this man was insufficiently confident in his horsemanship, he bribed his opponent's charioteer to damage that opponent's wheels. This man, who thus caused the death of Oenomaus, did not suffer from the curse that ensued after he killed the charioteer Myrtilus as well, but rather had many children with the wife he won, Hippodamia. After a mistake by the distracted Demeter, this man's missing shoulder had to be replaced with ivory. For 10 points, name this father of Thyestes and Atreus, whose own father Tantalus attempted to serve him to the gods at a feast.
Output: Social Science
The first two nominees to investigate this event were Silas Strawn and Thomas Gregory, but their names were withdrawn. Later, a team of Pomerene and Roberts were appointed to investigate this event, which led to the Supreme Court case of McGrain v. Daugherty. The initial Senate investigation was led by Thomas Walsh. People involved in this affair were Edward Doheny, who escaped criminal prosecution, and Harry Sinclair. One person implicated was Edwin Denby, the Secretary of the Navy, and this event partially involved land in Elk Hills, California. FTP, name this scandal that led to the jailing of Secretary of the Interior Albert B. Fall, which involved the leasing of oil fields in Wyoming, and was the chief scandal of the Harding administration.
Output: History
The enzyme LCAT catalyzes the formation of an ester from this compound. Intermediates in the synthesis of this compound include squalene [SKWAY-leen] and mevalonate [muh-VAL-uh-nate], the latter of which is produced by HMG-CoA reductase. Vitamin D is formed from the 7-dehydro form of this compound, which reduces membrane fluidity. This compound, which is transported to the liver by high-density lipoprotein, is linked to heart disease. For 10 points, name this compound whose amount in the blood is lowered by statins such as Crestor and Lipitor.
Output: Science
Along with Paul Hollander, this man published The Murder They Heard about the murder of Kitty Genovese, while his studies on The Familiar Stranger: An Aspect of Urban Anonymity appeared in Psychology Today. He worked with cameras in the works Candid Camera and Image-Freezing Machine, and his small world experiment gave rise to the notion of six degrees of separation. He published Obedience and Authority: An Experimental View to describe variations of an experiment he conducted at Yale in 1961. FTP, name this psychologist whose most famous experiment saw its participants willingly obey orders to administer 450-volt shocks.
Output: Social Science
XTC's final studio album included a song about a wounded one of these things, and their album English Settlement has cover art featuring one of these things. A song about these things states that "First I'm gonna make it/Then I'm gonna break it" and is "Bring on the Dancing (these things)" by Echo and the Bunnyman. A song about these things _segues into a cover of "Land of a Thousand Dances," mentions a band called the Twistlettes, and describes Johnny seeing these things coming in all directions. Although the song was an instrumental in which the title artist did not participate, _Cliff Nobles received a gold record for a song named for one of these. An album with a cover of Van Morrison's "Gloria" is named for these things and was the debut effort of Patti Smith. points, name this type of animal, wild ones of which were described in a Rolling Stones song and one with no name was sung about by America.
Output: Fine Arts
One device named for this man is used in optical isolators and is governed in part by the Verdet constant. That device, known as his rotator, makes use of his eponymous effect, whereby ferromagnetic resonance leads to circular birefringence to change the polarization angle of light upon application of a magnetic field. One law named for him makes use of his eponymous constant, which has a value of about 96,000 Coulombs per mole. Another law named for him concerns the relationship between the time derivative of magnetic flux and the electromotive force it generates. For 10 points, identify this namesake of a law of induction and of the SI unit for capacitance.
Output: Science
This deity was forced to serve Admetus (add-MEE-tuss) after killing the Cyclops that killed his son. This deity killed the sons of a certain women who boasted to this god's mother about having 14 children; that woman is Niobe (nye-OH-bee). He pursued Daphne until she was turned into a laurel tree and played a lyre created for him by Hermes. For 10 points, name this Greek god of music and poetry, the twin brother of Artemis.
Output: Social Science
This poet wrote "None can do Treason to us, except one of us two" in his work celebrating one   year of love, "The Anniversary". Another work by this poet compares two lovers to the ends of a  compass, saying "Thy firmness makes my circle just." This writer's prose in Devotions upon Emergent    Occasions  supplied the title for Hemingway's For Whom the Bell Tolls. This poet of "A Valediction:  Forbidding Mourning" wrote a work addressed to something that he claims "shall be no more". Name  this metaphysical poet whose Holy Sonnets  includes the poem beginning "Death be not proud" and  who wrote "No man is an island."
Output: Literature
A deadly avian adenovirus causes the "marble" disease that affects this organ, and,it is completely absent in Ivemark syndrome. Deletions in 7q31-32 give rise to a lymphoma of its marginal zone, and it contains the cords of Billroth between its sinusoid vessels. It is surrounded by a fibroelastic and serous coats. This organ contains Malphigian corpuscles that contain germinal centers for lymphocyte production. Its marginal zone separates its red pulp and white pulp, and it can become enlarged as a result of diseases like Gaucher's and Epstein-Barr. Notably sequestered in sickle-cell anemia, for 10 points, identify this organ of the lymphatic system in which erythrocytes are both destroyed and stored.
Output: Science
In antenna theory it can be obtained from the superposition of one turn of the helical antenna translated along the z-axis. Its physical significance was demonstrated in an experiment in which a shielded solenoid produced interference in an external (*) field-free region. Since its divergence has no physical significance, the Lorenz gauge can be used to separate it from the electric scalar potential and its nature was elucidated in the Aharonov-Bohm experiment. For 10 points, name this vector field with a curl that equals the magnetic field.
Output: Science
One account of this battle by a monk of St. Denis notes that one side was unable to use their crossbowmen because of the narrowness of the field. Ysembart was able to seize the personal treasures of one commander of this battle, which led to the other sides prisoners being massacred en masse. Michael de la Pole and Edward of Norwich died at this battle. This battle, fought near Tramecourt, featured a notable use of longbows protected by palings on the English side and was fought on a recently plowed and therefore incredibly muddy field. For ten points, identify this defeat for the French under Charles dAlbret which was prominently featured in Henry V, a battle of the Hundred Years War fought on St. Crispins Day, 1415.
Output: History
Two large crows descend upon the title animal, which is running through the snow leaving a trail, in this artist's Fox Hunt. A man in a straw field carrying a scythe in his right arm gazes into the distance in his Song of the Lark. A boy sits with the rudder controls of a ship called the Gloucester in on of his paintings; while in another work a lone black man reclines in a boat being swarmed by sharks. For 10 points, name this American painter of The Gulf Stream and Breezing Up.
Output: Fine Arts