niryuu/sni-each-converted huggingface dataset:
He wrote, "How willingly we turn us then/Away from this cold earth,/And look into thy azure breast" in the poem "The Skies," while his uneventful later years saw the publication of "The Little People of the Snow. " This author of the long poem "The Flood of Years" declared in the introduction to A Library of Poetry and Song his thesis that (*) America must create a distinct poet voice. He wonders about the "solitary way" of the title figure of one work, while this author of "The Ages" and "To the Fringed Gentian" created a "Hymn to Death" that recalled his most famous work, which begins "to him who in the love of nature holds/Communion with her visible forms. " FTP, identify this American poet, the author of "To a Waterfowl" and "Thanatopsis. "
Output: Literature
One consequence of this theory is that the hyperbolic tangent of the sums of rapidities is equivalent to the sums of their hyperbolic tangents divided by one plus the product of their hyperbolic tangents. That equation closely parallels one concerning composition of velocities as a consequence of this theory. Transformation of coordinates in this theory is aided by Minkowski matrices which incorporate a factor equivalent to one over the square root of one minus beta squared. That factor divides the proper length to explain a phenomenon predicted in this theory and named for Lorentz and Fitzgerald. For 10 points, name this theory developed by Einstein describing length contraction and time dilation associated with objects traveling at near-light speeds.
Output: Science
In a work by this man titled for a line from Twelfth Night, the narrator is asked to write a biography of a deceased author based on the late Thomas Hardy. The narrator of a novel by this man is introduced to the painter Charles Strickland, who leaves his wife and Paris to go to Tahiti. That novel based on the life of Paul Gauguin is The Moon and Sixpence, and a semi-autobiographical novel by this author details the life of the clubfooted Philip Carey. For 10 points, name this British novelist, the author of Of Human Bondage.
Output: Literature
According to legend, Julius Proculus offered an explanation for the disappearance of this figure following a public sacrifice at the Goats Marsh. This man defeated the Caeninensian king Acro in single combat, and he invited many neighboring states to the festival of Consus. Ruling jointly with Titus Tatius for much of his reign, he established the comitia curiata and divided the population into Ramnes, Tities, and Luceres. The husband of Hersilia, according to legend this figure was raised from boyhood by Acca Laurentia and Faustulus, and this grandson of Numitor defeated his evil uncle Amulius. The ruler during Tarpeias betrayal, he took the divine name Quirinus and was said to be a son of Rhea Silvia and Mars. For 10 points, identify this early leader, who stole the Sabine women and was succeeded by Numa Pompilius, the legendary first king of Rome.
Output: Social Science
A major development of this historical event was the publication of letters written to Henry McComb. It began when Thomas Durant and other stockholders organized a company under an existing charter which soon assigned contracts to seven trustees. The reputations of congressmen James Brooks and James Patterson and Vice President Schulyer Colfax were ruined when it was revealed that they had been given stock in a company run by Oakes Ames. FTP, what was this scandal involving a scheme surrounding the construction of the Union Pacific Railroad
Output: History
One character in this play says she wishes she were a man, as people are always introducing her to beautiful women. A home in this play would have cost about fifteen thousand dollars when it was built, in the lawn of which is the ($) stump of an apple tree blown over by the wind. George returns from visiting his father to prevent his sister Ann from marrying Chris, because Chris's father "destroyed [her] family" by stating he had the (*) flu on a certain day, though it is later revealed he hadn't been sick in fifteen years. For ten points, identify this play centering on Larry Keller's disappearance and Steve Deever's imprisonment for selling faulty airplane cylinders, a work of Arthur Miller.
Output: Literature
In one work by this man, the life of an Arab is saved by Daru. This man's story The Guest is part of his collection Exile and the Kingdom, and he wrote a novel in which the main character cannot forget how he failed to assist a drowning woman. Jean-Baptiste Clamence is a character in this man's novel The Fall, and this man wrote a work in which the deaths of many rats in the streets of Oran force [*] Dr. Bernard Rieux to confront the titular outbreak. In one novel by this man, the protagonist befriends a pimp named Raymond before shooting an Arab. For 10 points, name this Algerian-born author of The Plague who featured Meursault in The Stranger.
Output: Literature
One person of this name instituted the Nizam I-Cedid, signed the treaties of Sistova and Jassy, and impotently declared war on Britain and France in support of Napoleon. Another one was known as Sari or The Blond. One person of this name put down the revolt of the Kizilbash and won the Battle of Chaldiran against Ismail of the Safavids. Another person of this name delegated power to the vizier Mehmed Sokollu and was in power during his empires loss at Lepanto. A ruler of this name won the battles of Marj Dabiq and Raydaniyah, allowing him to conquer the Hejaz, Syria, and Egypt. For 10 points, give the common name of these Ottoman sultans, the first of whom, known as the Grim, left a strong regime to his magnificent son Suleyman.
Output: History
One of the most famous cult practices associated with this deity involves a ritual called the arkteia which involves the imitation of bears. This rite was practiced at Brauron in Attica, a sacred site which Iphigenia was said to have established to placate this deity. The cult of Orthia was also associated with this deity and included the diamastigosis, the ritual whipping of youths as they attempted to steal cheese from an altar. This goddess also came to be associated with the lover of Endymion, the titaness Selene. She is also credited with slaying the twelve grandchildren of Tantalus after Niobe boasted of her children's beauty, and shooting arrows that caused the death of women in childbirth. For 10 points, name this daughter of Leto and sister of Apollo, the Greek goddess of the hunt.
Output: Social Science
This quantity is multiplied by the Verdet constant to calculate specific rotation, and this quantity perpendicular to the direction of propagation makes the medium birefringent in the Voigt effect. Small values of this quantity are measured by SQUIDs, and below the critical temperature, it is zero inside superconductors. Ampere's Law relates the tangential component of it integrated around a closed curve, and according to Gauss's Law, the net flux of it through any closed surface is zero. FTP name this field that is caused by a moving point charge.
Output: Science
While working as a translator for UNESCO, this author released his first short-story collection, Bestiary, and followed that up with Secret Weapons. His story, "The Devil's Drivel," served as the basis for Antonioni film Blow-Up; however this man is better known for his novels. Those novels include A Model Kit and A Manual for Manuel, though neither introduced the character of Oliviera, an Argentine intellectual, like this author. FTP, identify this writer best known for his novel Rayuela, or Hopscotch.
Output: Literature
He wrote a play about the Roman Emperor Caligula and his essay collections include Nuptials and Two Sides of the Coin. He adapted Dostoevskys The Possessed, and Faulkners Requiem for a Nun for the theater, and his short stories The Growing Stone and The Guest are collected in Exile and the Kingdom. In another work, Jean Baptists Clemance lets a woman drown, while other works by this man feature Dr. Rieux and Mersault, who kills an Arab. For 10 points, identify this author of The Fall, The Plague and The Stranger.
Output: Literature
This civilization used a system of local government administered by obirempon . In an alliance with the Ga people, this civilization fought against the Fante, Akwapim and Akim. Joseph Dupuis was the first British Consul for the region under this civilizations control, and this civilization came to prominence under the leadership of Oti Akenten, who defeated the Denkiyra. General Woolsley famously fought against this civilization, and in 1900, this people had a notable uprising. Osei Tutu was the first leader of the confederation that became this people, and a relic holy to this people fell out of the sky into his lap. For ten points, identify this empire which venerated the Golden Stool and which had a center at Kumasi.
Output: History
In one of Lucian's Dialogues of the Dead, Minos sentences one of these figures named Sostratos to burn in the river Pyriphlegethon. According to a Homeric Hymn, a group these figures from Tyrrhenia included a man who became a priest after his companions were frightened off by the sudden appearance of a bear, a lion, and the (**) thyrsus; that one of these figures was named Acoetes. After defeating the Solymi and the Amazons, Bellerophon was sent by King Iobates to kill one of these figures named Cheirmarrhus. According to a common Greek legend, these figures were responsible for (*) Pythias's late return to save the life of his friend Damon. Dolphins were attracted by the kithara-playing of another figure who'd been inconvenienced by these people. For 10 points, identify these figures from Greek myth who regularly kidnapped people like Arion and Dionysus, as might be expected, given their tendency to engage in seafaring crime.
Output: Social Science
Sebastian Cabot is credited with naming this geographical feature which was first discovered by Juan Diaz de Solis, and Cabeza de Vaca governed a territory of the same name. Its rocky western shore features notable islands such as Las Hermanas and Isla Martin Garcia, while the Tigre River empties into it at its eastern shore. Lesser known cities along this river include Carmelo and Berazategui, but the better known cities of Montevideo and Buenos Aires are also situated along this river. FTP, identify this South American river which forms an estuary as it empties into the Atlantic.
Output: Social Science
A so-called "Ideal" formulation of this doctrine was promulgated in 1907 by Hastings Rashdall. In Reasons and Persons, Derek Parfit outlines the "repugnant conclusion," which results from strict adherence to this doctrine. The "Meaning" and "Proof" of this doctrine are discussed in Henry Sidgwick's Methods of Ethics, and a book by J. J. C. Smart and Bernard Williams that aims to defend the "act," variety of this doctrine, which is often contrasted with its "rule" variety. Best known from a work which sets forth the Greatest Happiness Principle, for 10 points, identify this doctrine promoted by Jeremy Bentham and J. S. Mill, which holds that the most ethical actions produce the greatest good for the greatest number.
Output: Social Science
influence of this composer's time in Italy can be heard in the Presto capriccioso alla napolitana second movement of his violin concerto. He only finished three of the movements of his first symphony before its premiere, and the addition of the Maestoso allegro fourth movement was delayed in part by his breakup with the Princess of Erbach-Schonberg. This composer depicted a print by Thomas Rowlandson using a diatonic scherzo that quotes sea shanties in his overture Portsmouth Point, and brass fanfares represent the title figure of his Scapino Overture. This composer of the "Liverpool" symphony also set a series of Edith Sitwell poems to music in a piece with movements like "Black Mrs. Behemoth" and "Long Steel Grass," Faade. For 10 points, name this British composer of the operas The Bear and Troilus and Cressida as well as Belshazzar's Feast.
Output: Fine Arts
One of this authors short stories deals with Nathan Lardass Levine helping in the aftermath of a hurricane in the town of Creole, and another discusses Victoria Wren and the spies Goodfellow and Porpentine. He published those stories, The Small Rain and Under the Rose, in his collection Slow Learner, and also wrote about a party which Callisto is compared to a heat engine perpetrated by Meatball Mulligan. Entropy is not so famous as a novel in which Jesse Swanlake leaves Roger Mexico and a search for a German A-4 is led by Tyrone Slothrop. For 10 points, name this American, whose most famous novels are The Crying of Lot 49 and Gravitys Rainbow
Output: Literature
James Prinsep translated a set of decrees from this dynasty, which called one of its rulers "Beloved-of-the-Gods." This empire's four provinces were run from capitals such as Ujjian in the west. A text on rulership which divides the day into 90-minute segments was written by this empire's Taxila-educated advisor Chanakya. Its founder, who died by (*) fasting, overthrew the Nanda state. A later ruler of this empire commissioned a pillar topped by four outward-facing lions at Sarnath, and described his conquest of Kalinga in his Rock and Pillar Edicts. This ancient empire resisted attacks from the west by Alexander's successor Seleucus. For 10 points, name this Indian empire ruled by the Jain convert Chandragupta and the Buddhist convert Ashoka.
Output: History
This figure allowed Biton and Cleobis to die in their sleep after they pulled a cart to a festival in their honor, and this figure had Jason and Medea kill Pelias for murdering Sidero. Also responsible for killing Lamia's children, this figure kidnapped the Goddess of Childbirth to prevent Leto from going into labor, but eventually let her go. She created the milky way while nursing the infant Heracles, and later condemned Heracles to his 12 labors at the hands of Eurystheus. The mother of Ares, Hebe, and Eris, this figure asked about the creator of a jewel worn by Thetis, discovering that Hephaestus had surivived her knocking him out of Olympus. Also responsible for turning Tieresias into a woman, for 10 points, name this long-suffering wife of Zeus.
Output: Social Science
of these was found to repair lacZ transcripts in E coli, and that trans-splicing one was also used to correct mutated p53 transcripts. One of these contains loops A and B and helices H1 through H4, and is useful in the formation of a 2,3-cyclic phosphate. That example, originally found in the tobacco ringspot virus, is called the Hairpin one, and in that virus the same gene codes for one of these important in the replication of some viroids. Another example is found in the Hepatitis delta virus. Discoveries about the activity of these in cleaving and splicing nucleic acids led to the 1989 Nobel in Chemistry for Sidney Altman and Thomas Cech. For 10 points, name this type of nucleic acid including the Hammerhead one which can catalyze a reaction.
Output: Science
It was connected by Louis Wirth to urbanism, who used it to refer to life in big cities. It was initially defined as being impossible whenever interdependent organs are sufficiently in contact and sufficiently extensive. Its more recent usage is associated with Robert K. Merton, who suggested that it is prevalent in individuals who clearly know what is expected of them from society but are consistently unable to meet the standard. First popularized in The Division of Labor in Society, FTP, name this condition theorised by mile Durkheim now associated with a lack of regulation and break down of norms.
Output: Social Science
Among the immediate causes of this conflict, whose end saw a plebiscite to decide the fate of Tecna, was the raising of taxes by one of the participants in contravention of an agreement reached four years prior. One of the participating nations had its capital occupied after losing the Battle of Iquique, in which that nation lost its battleships Independencia and Huascar, while the other losing nation forfeited its coastal region, a development that led eventually to that nation's conflict with Paraguay in the Chaco War. Beginning with the invasion of the Antofagasta province and concluding with the treaty of Ancon, for ten points, identify this conflict fought by Peru, Chile, and Bolivia over the nitrate deposits of the Atacama Desert.
Output: History
A chapter introduced in later editions of this work differentiates between "insular" and "case" poverty, while another chapter analyzes the growth in personal debt and is titled "The Bill Collector Cometh. " This work repeatedly decries the importance of production of goods in chapters such as "The Paramount Position of Production" and calls the desire to produce more "The Dependence Effect. " The author also criticizes politicians and economists who strive to be predictable to avoid controversy and calls that mentality "conventional wisdom. " For 10 points, identify this work, the magnum opus of John Kenneth Galbraith.
Output: Social Science
This mans poem Ogun Abibiman connected the mythology of his homeland with the struggle for African liberation. In one of his plays, Eman denies his need or ritual atonement, and in another, Adenebi, Roki, and Demoke retreat to the forest while waiting for the Gathering of the Tribes. Another of his plays is set in a rundown truck stop, and includes characters Kotonu, Samson, and Professor, while an even more well-known play, Elesin Oma is the title rider who is unable to complete his ritual suicide in order to aid the other character. For ten points, identify this playwright, best known for being Nigerian and writing Death and the Kings Horseman and The Road.
Output: Literature
In this novel, a relative of the protagonist takes in boarders, including the alcoholic white man three boys, all of whom she names Dewey. That woman, Eva, also burns her son Plum alive when he returns from World War I addicted to drugs, while earlier in the novel, another World War I veteran named Shadrack founds National Suicide Day. The title character slices off the tip of her finger when being teased, and later watches her mother burn to death. After leaving her childhood home, a plague of robins is associated with her return, and she is the cause of the separation of her friend Nel and Nels husband Jude. Earlier, the protagonist had unintentionally caused the death of Chicken Little in, FTP, this second novel of Toni Morrison.
Output: Literature
In one of this composer's operas, Adriano is killed trying to capture the title character. This man also wrote an opera that includes the "Dance of the Apprentices" and centers around a vocal contest. This composer of Rienzi is most famous for an(*) operatic cycle that begins with a 136 measure E-flat drone in the prelude and ends with Brunnhilde ordering a funeral pyre for Siegfried in The Twilight of the Gods. For 10 points, name this German composer of The Mastersingers of Nuremberg and the Ring Cycle, which contains the "Ride of the Valkyries."
Output: Fine Arts
In 1927, this typically non-medical substance was shown to treat rheumatism when injected intravenously. The Norman, Nortz, and Perry Supreme court cases are known as the "Clause" cases of this commodity. Eight nations formed a "London Pool" in 1961 in an attempt to control the value of this good. FDR's Executive Order 6102 made it a (*) criminal offense to possess this substance. Richard Nixon choked the market for this commodity, an act known as Nixon Shock. Samuel Brannan amassed riches by acquiring much of this substance shortly after a discovery of this at Sutter's Mill. For 10 points, name this substance decried by William Jennings Bryan, who opposed its "standard."
Output: History
One story from the mythology of this nation relates how a man who went to the underworld to regain his beloved was shocked to see her transformed into ugliness after she had eaten the food of the dead; that couple had earlier improperly performed a marriage ceremony, rendering them unable to give birth to healthy offspring. One story from this country's mythology sees its sun deity scared into hiding in a cave to evade the wrath of her brother. For 10 points, name this nation whose mythological heritage includes such figures as Izanami, Amaterasu, and many beings known as Kami.
Output: Social Science
The development section of this work's first movement quotes the panikhida, and those verbal rhythms return in the second and fourth movements, the latter of which Timothy Jackson theorizes was drawn from the composer's final set of Six Romances for voice and piano. Opening with a low bassoon solo over strings, this work's third movement is a boisterous march-scherzo that features an extended fragmentary introduction of its theme. Other innovations in this work include the five-four time signature of the second movement waltz, while basses playing (*) pianiss-iss-iss-iss-issimo end this piece's quiet finale, an Adagio lamentoso. Premiered nine days before the composer's death, for 10 points, name this final symphony of Pyotr Tchaikovsky.
Output: Fine Arts
This artist showed a British general pointing at some drowning Spanish soldiers while the title location burns in The Siege and Relief of Gibraltar. He showed a rodent nibbling a gold chain in a portrait of his half-brother, Henry Pelham, entitled (*) Boy With Squirrel. He also painted Paul Revere handling a silver kettle. In another of his works, a nude, blonde boy struggles while a man tries to spear the title fish. For 10 points, name this Boston-based portraitist of the 1770s who showed an incident that occurred in Havana Harbor in 1749 in his painting Watson and the Shark.
Output: History
One betrayed her father King Nisus of Megara, but the more famous one, at least according to Ovid, was loved by a sea deity also known as Pontius. He importuned her to no avail until he appealed to Circe for help. Circe, herself lusting after Glaucus, plotted to get rid of her rival by poisoning the stream of the young nymph. FTP, name this unfortunate mythological heroine, who upon contact with the poison metamorphosed into a monster with twelve feet and six heads, destined to live on a cliff across from Charybdis and eat sailors unlucky enough to pass through the Straits of Messina.
Output: Social Science
This monarch established a legal framework for his realm with the Ordinance of Blois. This ruler was inspired to go on religious pilgrimages by his minister, Emond Auger. During his reign, Protestant worship was restricted to just one suburb of each town through the Peace of Bergerac. A succession crisis developed after this childless king's brother and leader of the Malcontents, Francis, duke of Anjou, died. He succeeded (*) Sigismund II as King of Poland-Lithuania. During the Day of the Barricades, he was driven out of Paris by Henry of Guise. He was ultimately assassinated by a monk named Jacques Clement, making him the last Valois king. For 10 points, name this French king who presided over the Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre.
Output: History
During this war, the Heilbronn Alliance was defeated at Nordlingen. One country withdrew from this war with the Treaty of Lubeck. One phase of this war was ended by the Treaty of the Pyrenees, and the forces of Christian of Anhalt were routed at the Battle of White Mountain by [*] Count Tilly during it. Wallenstein was defeated at Lutzen by Gustavus Adolphus during this war. Sparked by the Bohemian Revolt caused by the Defenestration of Prague, for 10 points, name this war ended by the reaffirmation of the Peace of Augsburg with the Peace of Westphalia that lasted from 1618 to 1648.
Output: History
In one poem, this author describes the title concept as a "vulture, whose wings are dull realities".  Another of his poems tells of the "Naiad airs" that brought the narrator "To the glory that was Greece  / and the grandeur that was Rome". This writer of "Sonnet - To Science" described a love "stronger   by far than the love / Of those who were older than we" in a poem in which the title character lives  "in a kingdom by the sea". This poet of "To Helen" described a "rapping" at his "chamber door" in a  work about a bird that says "Nevermore". Name this poet of "Annabel Lee" and "The Raven".
Output: Literature
William MacDougall called this man's ideas a "peculiarly American product" and attractive "to those who are are born Bolshevists. " With Harvey Carr, this scientist demonstrated a rat's ability to become conditioned to a voluntary response in his "kerplunk" experiment, while he used his doctrine of "prediction and control" as a member of the J. Walter Thompson advertising agency. Sometimes credited with inventing the coffee break, he may be best known for working with Rosalie Rayner by creating loud noises to condition a small child to fear a white rat. FTP, name this American psychologist best known for the Little Albert experiment and for founding behaviorism.
Output: Social Science
In one work by this painter, a body on a stretcher is taken to a figure who looks away broodingly while his wife, dressed in orange robes, mourns. This painter of The Lictors Bring to Brutus the Bodies of His Sons painted a work in which most of the figures look away as a man in a red robe hands a [*] philosopher a cup of hemlock, and in another, three Romans reach for swords held by their father in order to fight the Curatii, This man painted a work in which a celiac-afflicted journalist, killed by Charlotte Corday, holds a letter as he expires in his bathtub. Creator of The Death of Socrates, for 10 points, name this painter of The Oath of the Horatii and The Death of Marat.
Output: Fine Arts
During this event, Edmund Heines was found in bed with an eighteen-year-old. One of the architects of this event was Viktor Lutze, who became the successor of the primary target of this event. Another victim of this event was Kurt von Schleicher, the last Chancellor of the Weimar Republic. Its aim was to eliminate supporters of Franz von Papen and other critics of the Nazi regime. For 10 points, name this purge which targeted Ernst Rohm and the SA and was led by Adolf Hitler.
Output: History
A creepy guy with a mustache looks down the shirt of an ugly girl as she dries the title piece of glassware in one of this man's paintings, while a pregnant woman wearing a black and white coat over a gold dress fiddles with the title instrument of measurement in another. This painter of The Girl With the Wineglass and Woman Holding a Balance depicted a long-haired man in a blue robe playing with a globe in his painting The Astronomer, and he may be more well known for one work in which a chick in a bonnet pours from a clay jug into a large clay vase and one in which a slightly cloudy sky sits over the red-tiled rooftops of buildings in the artist's hometown. For 10 pointsname this painter of The Milkmaid and View of Delft who painted a woman wearing the title piece of jewelry in his Girl With a Pearl Earring.
Output: Fine Arts
He proudly labeled the territorial acquisitions he engineered the "epocha," and he proposed a compromise solution to the slavery question, which would allow Florida to enter the union as a slave state but free all children born after 1842. He received the only electoral vote not to go to James Monroe in 1820, and he later nominated his Treasury Secretary Richard Rush as his new Vice-Presidential candidate in his re-election campaign after his former understudy bolted to his opponent's ticket. Later, he presented up to twenty antislavery petitions a year in Congress in defiance of the gag rules. He was the chief U.S. negotiator for the Treaty of Ghent, the defender of the Amistad slaves, and the formulator of the Monroe Doctrine as Secretary of State, but he may be best known for the backroom dealing which defeated Andrew Jackson for this man's one successful national election in 1824. FTP, name this man who won the White House under the "corrupt bargain. "
Output: History
This man published the 11 essays in the collection Letters of Publicola which were critical of Paines Rights of Man and he later became the ambassador to the court of Alexander I. During his re-election campaign he nominated his Treasury Secretary Richard Rush as his Vice-Presidential candidate, while he condemned the Mexican-American war when he was a representative and introduced several anti-slavery measures despite gag-rules. He also successfully represented the Amistad slaves and negotiated the treaty of Ghent and the annexation of Florida from Spain during his stint as Secretary of State under James Monroe. For 10 points, identify this man who won the 1824 election through the corrupt bargain.
Output: History
According to Pausanias, this man fought a battle in which he killed Khorea and Ariadne, earning the ire of Dionysus. This man's life probably ended when Megapenthes killed him in revenge for the death of Proetus, an action that prompted this man to switch from ruling Argos to Tiryns. As a child, this man was saved on the island of Seriphos by (*) Dictys. This man retrieved a wedding present for the supposed marriage of Hippodameia and Polydectes. After his return, he visited the funeral games of Teutamides, where his discus struck his grandfather Acrisius. This man's father impregnated his mother Danae in the form of a golden shower. For 10 points, name this son of Zeus who married Andromeda and slew the gorgon Medusa.
Output: Social Science
A woman who had been this man's housekeeper was painted by him wearing a veil in mourning in the painting Leocadia, while he painted two young men each raising a wooden object ready to strike the other in his Duel with Cudgels. Those works were part of a series he did in the "House of the Deaf Man," while he did a series of 80 etchings, including "Hunting for Teeth," called Caprichos. Another of his paintings possibly depicting the Duchess of Alba was scandalous for its depiction of pubic hair, while his later works include his 14 Black Paintings. For 10 points, name this painter of The Nude Maja, whose Disasters of War series contains The Third of May, 1808.
Output: Fine Arts
In a work compiled by his student G. E. M. Anscombe, this philosopher argued that some statements had to be exempt from doubt, like hinges on a door. This author who analyzed G.E. Moore's "here is one hand" statement in On Certainty described a series of overlapping similarities as a "family resemblance". He wrote about a "builder's language" in an explanation of why it was unnecessary to strictly define terms to make meaningful statements. This philosopher who popularized the use of truth tables wrote about a "beetle in a box" and a "duck-rabbit" in Philosophical Investigations. For 10 points, name this philosopher of language who wrote Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus.
Output: Social Science
One disorder involving this organelle is caused by a mutation in E325K on the NAGA gene, called Schindler disease. One method of transporting molecules to it involves an hsc70-containing chaperone complex. Another disorder results in enzyme transport to the extracellular space rather than this organelle and is called I-cell disease. Proteins are marked for this structure with mannose-6-phosphate, and proton pump activity in this organelle maintains the acidic pH necessary for its primary function. One genetic defect results in ganglioside buildup in this organelle and thus causes Tay-Sachs disease. For 10 points, identify this cellular organelle that breaks down macromolecules with the aid of acid hydrolases.
Output: Science
In one of this man's works, the doctor reports to Marguerite and Marie, wives of the title character, that Mars and Saturn have collided and exploded. In addition to Exit the King, this author wrote about Marie, the Maid, reminding the professor that he has now killed forty students in The Lesson, while an old man and woman usher in invisible guests before the Orator and Emperor arrive in his The Chairs. Better known works by this author include one where the Fire Chief comes to visit the Smiths and Martins, and another where Berenger watches everyone around him turn into the title creature. FTP, name this French dramatist whose works include The Bald Soprano and Rhinoceros.
Output: Literature
A 2011 Science paper produced by the HiRISE project explained how, on Mars, these objects can become destabilized by the sublimation of dry ice. Like yardangs and loess, they are produced via Aeolian processes, which include saltation, surface creep, and suspension. Types of these geologic objects include barkhans and draa, and both (*) "fossilized" ones and those that "move" are found in ergs. "Reversing" ones are formed where seasonal winds blow in different directions. For 10 points, name these large accumulations of sand.
Output: Social Science
This property is displayed by ProHance, Optimark, and other Gadolinium-containing MRI contrast agents. HAMR drives curcumvent the size limits for one form of this phenomenon, and that form has a relaxation time proportional to the exponential of the nanoscale anisotropy times the volume, according to the Arrhenius-Neel law. On a bulk scale, ferrofluids display the super- version of this phenomenon. This phenomenon is proportional to the hyperbolic tangent of mu B over k T according to the Langevin law, which in one regime reduces to M equals C times B divided by T, a law named for Curie. This phenomenon occurs above the Curie point in some materials, and materials that exhibit it have positive magnetic susceptibility. For 10 points, name this type of magnetism in which domains will weaky align with an applied field.
Output: Science
An 1889 strike of dockworkers in this city was settled at Millwall and mediated by Edward Manning. A wildly popular account of this city's underbelly was published by Ned Ward, who also described how the Mohawks and Hawkubites terrorized the women of this city. Joseph Bazalgette was largely responsible for redesigning this metropolitan area's sewer system after the Great Stink occurred. The police force of this city received the "Dear Boss" and "From Hell" letters, which enigmatically predicted a grisly set of crimes. Henry Cole organized an event in this city that displayed "the works of industry of all nations" in its Joseph Paxtondesigned structure. Its Whitechapel district was home to a series of unsolved murders. For 10 points, the Great Exhibition of 1851 took place in what city, which was also home to the Jack The Ripper killings
Output: History
Its intramolecular form is called the Dieckmann cyclization and produces either five- or six-membered rings. Its crossed form, common in the biosynthesis of fatty acids, only takes place if one its reactants has no alpha-hydrogens. In its intermolecular form, it begins with an acid-base reaction between a formation of an ester enolate by an alkoxide base. The enolate acts as a nucleophile and attacks the carbonyl carbon of another ester molecule. The resulting tetrahedral intermediate collapses to give the final product, a beta-keto-ester. FTP, name this reaction, the ester analogue of the aldol condensation.
Output: Science
After lying to another deity with the help of a flower, he was cursed, such that he was no longer worshipped on earth. This god's city is found within the heavens situated atop Mount Meru. After assuming the form of a swan, this figure was attacked after lying about reaching one end of the lingam. This led to him losing one of his heads, and left him with four, with which he saw in every direction. Using his own substance, he created his consort, Sarasvati. In his four arms, he carries a water jug, a scepter, a bow or spoon, and the Vedas. For 10 points, identify this creator god among the Hindu trimurti.
Output: Social Science
The inhabitants of this location migrated northwards after its downfall and founded the kingdom of Monomotapa. Some excavation of this site was carried out by Richard Hall, who is alleged to have removed artifacts from this site to support his theory that it (+) could not have actually been built by Africans. Items found here include a coin from Kilwa that demonstrates its trade network and a series of eight birds carved from soapstone. Including the Imba Huru, or (*) Great Enclosure, for 10 points, name this city, now in ruins, that gives part of its name to a nation once called Rhodesia.
Output: History
This man resigned from his position where he directed the operations of the Black Hawk wars in order to become "Envoy Extraordinaire and Minister Plenipotentiary to France. " In 1849, he was elected to fill his own vacancy in the senate, and he resigned as ambassador to France in the wake of the Webster-Ashburton treaty, after writing the pamphlet "An Examination of the Questions now in Discussion between the American and British Government Concerning the Right of Search" in response to the Quintuple treaty negotiations between Austria, Russia, France, Britain, and Prussia to suppress the slave trade. This man lost support in his bid for the presidency due to the defection of the barnburners, and he claimed in the "Nicholson letter" that states should decide for themselves whether to allow slavery. An opponent of the Wilmot Proviso, for 10 points, name this senator from Michigan who was an early proponent of Popular Sovereignty.
Output: History
In the 6th century, this kingdom reduced the Yemen to vassals, while three centuries earlier it invaded and conquered the neighboring Meroe kingdom. Renowned for its huge obelisk tombs, it used its port at Adulis to dominate trade on the Red Sea. It saw the minting of coins under its greatest king, Ezana, whose alliance with Byzantium started the kingdom's conversion to Christianity. For 10 points - what was this trading kingdom of northeastern Africa that eventually developed into Ethiopia
Output: History
Adherents of this religion greet each other with the words "sat sri akal". This religion's services   are ended by reading a randomly selected verse from its scripture, and in this religion's places of  worship, communal kitchens serve free food to visitors regardless of their backgrounds. Members of   this faith are baptized by being sprinkled with and then drinking sugar water, and adherents wear  metal bracelets and carry daggers as two of this religion's Five Ks. Name this Indian religion founded  by a series of ten gurus, beginning with Guru Nanak, whose members maintain their uncut hair in  turbans.
Output: Social Science
This author's relationship with Lord Alfred Douglas led to his imprisonment on sodomy laws, during which time he penned De Profundis. After his release from prison, he wrote a poem containing the line "Yet each man kills the thing he loves", The Ballad of Reading Gaol. This author of An Ideal Husband and Lady Windemere's Fan wrote one play in which Gwendolyn Fairfax loves the title character in part due to his name and in his only novel, this author describes the title character's destruction of a painting done by Basil Hallward. For 10 points, identify this Irish writer of The Importance of Being Earnest and The Picture of Dorian Gray.
Output: Literature
Vaihinger discussed the relation between Swedenborg and this man's concept of two worlds, in a commentary on this man's Dreams of a Spirit Seer. He proposed the creation of a league to mediate international disputes in his essay "Perpetual Peace," and defined ratiocination as the judgment of a predicate with its subject in "The False Subtlety of the Four Syllogistic Figures. " He defined his best-known concept by claiming that nothing can be called good without qualification "except a good will" in his Foundations of the Metaphysics of Morals. For 10 points, name this author of The Critique of Judgment and Critique of Pure Reason who created the "categorical imperative. "
Output: Social Science
This religion celebrates the new year with the Baisakhi festival. Adherents are required to wear an undergarment at all times, which is called the Kachcha, and an iron bracelet once they are baptized, which is called the Kara. A dagger is used to stir the water used for the baptism in this religion, which is one of the five Ks that is a part of this religion. The last of a certain group of leader of this religion established the militaristic Khalsa movement, and its sacred text is known as the Adi Granth. For 10 points, identify this religion whose "Golden Temple" is found in Amritsar, and which was founded by Guru Nanak.
Output: Social Science
A second version of this painting adds a shield and plumed helmet propped against the pedestal on the right, and a nearby dancing pair holding hands. Both versions include a small dog mirroring the pose of a woman clutching a staff, who gazes back at the grove on the right while her partner leads the way downhill. The second version shows pennants flying from the mast of the ship waiting at the left for the various lovers, and both versions feature a garlanded statue of a goddess of love. For 10 points, name this fte gallant showing couples preparing for a trip to or from the birthplace of Aphrodite, a painting by Watteau.
Output: Fine Arts
One leader of this country organized the Blue Division, and this was led by Miguel Primo de Rivera and Juan Negrin. The Abraham Lincoln Brigades and the Condor Legion fought in this country. A civil war in this country saw the Carlists side the with the Phalange, and one leader of this country suppressed minority languages like Galician and (*) Basque. For 10 points, name this Iberian country long led by Francisco Franco.
Output: History
This results from phonon interactions in simple metals. Joule heating is caused by this, while Wheatstone bridges are used to find unknown values for this quantity. The thermal form of this quantity is equal to the length of the material over the conductivity times the cross-sectional area. "Drug" this occurs when pathogens become able to survive exposure to certain drugs, rendering those drugs obsolete. Drag is sometimes called this of air. Name this term, the electrical type of which measures of the degree an object opposes the flow of an electrical current, measured in ohms.
Output: Science
This man's arrangement of a J.S. Bach fugue is known as his ""Fugue a la Gigue. "" The last movement of this man's Second Suite in F combines the folk songs ""Dargason"" and ""Greensleeves,"" a combination echoed in his later St. Paul's Suite. He is best known for a work that includes a 6/4 march in one movement, and a dissonant (*) 5/4 theme introduced in the bassoons in another of the seven movements. For 10 points, name this composer of The Planets.
Output: Fine Arts
A late work from this movement done entirely in shades of brown is Mechano-Dancer, by Vilmos Huszar. A house from this movement, designed by the maker of the Red and Black Chair, was commission by Mrs. Schroder-Schrader. The best-known member of this group broke away over an argument about the use of diagonal lines with Theo von Doesburg. Also known as neoplasticism, for 10 points, Piet Mondrian was key figure in what Dutch artistic movement
Output: Fine Arts
It is the basis of a form of cryptography for which the BB84 and E91 key distribution schemes were developed; these methods use this rule to detect eavesdropping. Einstein considered a box filled with light, whose loss of energy would be associated with a loss of (*) weight, as means of refuting it. Its proof often employs the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality, and it commonly states that h-bar over 2 must be less than or equal to the product of the standard deviations of position and momentum. For 10 points, name this principle that states that certain pairs of observables cannot exactly be determined to arbitrary precision.
Output: Science
One short story by this author involves the befouling of Major de Spain's rug by the arsonist Abner, who later appears in The Hamlet, The Town, and The Mansion. He wrote about a lady's murder of Homer Barron in "A Rose for Emily." In one of his novels, Vardaman calls his mother a fish, and in another, the brother of the retarded Benji commits suicide while at Harvard. The creator of the Bundrens and the Compsons, for 10 points, identify this Southern author of As I Lay Dying and The Sound and the Fury.
Output: Literature
The usage of slurred couplets accompanies one character's sighs in this opera's aria "Mi tradi, quell alma ingrate." The second act of this opera ends with a servant being accused of murder at a ball by his master. The title character of this work is told he will not laugh beyond sunset, and this opera sees Ottavio engaged to marry Donna Anna, while Zerlina is approached in "La ci darem la mano." Leporello sings this opera's best-known aria, which lists off his master's conquests. This opera features the Catalogue Aria and ends as the title character is dragged to hell by a statue. For 10 points, name this Mozart opera whose title character seduces many women.
Output: Fine Arts
One of this author's stories ends with a teenager pointing a gun at his sister after raping the elderly prostitute living upstairs, while others are collected in The Temptation of Jack Orkney. This author's dramas include Each His Own Wilderness and Play with a Tiger. Three men lust after the title figure of this author's "A Woman on a Roof," while Catherine's crush on Philip leads her to borrow a book by the titular author in her "Homage for Isaac Babel. "  George Sherban is the incarnation of Johor, a representative of the Canopus empire, in her space novel Shikasta, and an abandoned house is restored by Alice Mellings  in The Good Terrorist. A Ripple from the Storm, A Proper Marriage, and Martha Quest make up her trilogy Children of Violence, while a better-known work contains the novel The Shadow of the Third by Anna Wulf. For 10 points name this author of The Golden Notebook.
Output: Literature
Stark wooden walls contrast with the outside view in his Woman at the Window, which features his wife Christine. A woman in a red dress in the left foreground of another work looks on as a man in the center recovers his hat and cane after a fall in his Chalk Cliffs of Rugin, while the title figure stands on a lumpy white landmass while dwarfed by the ominous sky in his The Monk by the Sea. This artist depicted five ships at various distances from the shore representing the lifespans of the five human figures in his Stages of Life, and he showed the back of a man standing on a craggy peak above some other craggy peaks covered in fog in another work. He also painted a work that features a sky with reddish layered clouds while the title religious symbol is flanked by conifers and illuminated by three light beams from the heavens. For 10 points, name this German Romantic painter of Traveler Above a Sea of Clouds and The Cross in the Mountains.
Output: Fine Arts
This element catalyzes the addition of alpha-bromo esters to ketones in the Reformatsky reaction. This element is coordinated by a water atom and three imidazole nitrogens in the active site of carbonic anhydrase, and transcription factor II B has a "ribbon motif" named for this element. A structure with folds called the (*) "gag knuckle" and "treble clef" uses cysteine and histidine residues to bind an ion of this metal, its namesake "finger" domain. Its most often used ore is its sulfide, the mineral sphalerite. With nickel, this metal is used in rechargeable batteries. For 10 points, name this metal, which with a thin copper coating comprises pennies.
Output: Science
The events in the novel cover a period of one day as its main character, a pretty but inconsequential socialite, goes shopping in preparation for a dinner party she's to be hosting in the evening. Along the way she thinks about her childhood friend Sally Seton, a former suitor Peter Walsh, and some of the guests who would attend her party, including the psychiatrist Sir William Bradshaw, who is distressed by the suicide of his patient Septimius Smith. This is, for 10 points, a description of what novel by Virginia Woolf
Output: Literature
The first part of this event was calmed by the Peace of Rueil, but the machinations of Cardinal de Retz and the arrest of the Prince of (*) Cond led it to erupt again. First instigated by the Parlement of Paris, it was directed at the influence of Anne of Austria and Cardinal Mazarin. For 10 points name this series of revolts, named for a sling, that occurred at the start of Louis XIV's reign.
Output: History