niryuu/sni-each-converted huggingface dataset:
This mans brother was a general who won victories at the Battle of the Angivarian Wall and the Battle of the Weser River. Early in this rulers reign, he had to put down the rebellion of Scribonianus in Dalmatia. That same year, he formally annexed Phamphylia and Lycia as Roman provinces. Forces he sent to another future province did battle with Caratacus under the command of the general Aulus Plautius, and he himself was present at the surrender of Camulodonum, the last British stronghold. His dysfunctional personal life included one wife who had an affair with Silius, whom he executed, and a wife named Aggripina, who may have killed him with poisoned mushrooms. For ten points, name this Roman Emperor, a noted scholar who ruled between Caligula and Nero.
Output: History
This concept was first described by Robert Torrens in an 1815 essay on the Corn Laws, but it is most commonly attributed to David Ricardo, who explained it in On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation. It allows specialization in production, and it allows countries to consume beyond their production possibility frontiers. According to this theory, a country should export (*) goods which it can produce at a low opportunity cost, and import goods which other nations can produce at a lower opportunity cost than its own. FTP, name this economics principle which states that a country can still benefit from trade even if it doesn't have an absolute advantage in the production of any good.
Output: Social Science
He campaigned on the one hundred days of decision plan, which was derailed by his weak finance minister, Walter Gordon. George Grants Lament for a Nation attacked this mans administration for allowing the testing of foreign cruise missiles, after his opposition to nuclear weapons helped him win election over John Diefenbaker. Earlier, in the cabinet of Louis Saint Laurent, this mans role in mediating the Suez Crisis won him a Nobel Peace Prize. For 10 points, name this Liberal Party member who oversaw the adoption of an official flag and national anthem as prime minister of Canada from 1963 to 1968.
Output: History
The reaction of this molecule with oxalyl chloride was the subject of pioneering photochemical work by Kharasch and Brown. Hassel's study of this molecule yielded its molecular structure and his 1943 paper "On The Conformations" of it elucidated those for the first time. Reacting it with pure oxygen forms adipic acid, which is used in the production of nylon. Its strain energy-bond angle curve has minima at twenty-three kilojoules per mole and maxima at forty-five kilojoules per mole, the former corresponding to the skew configuration, but its stable configuration is non-planar with a bond angle of about one hundred nine point five degrees. FTP, name this molecule having conformations twist, boat, and chair; a cyclic alkane with formula C6H12.
Output: Science
The narrator's fourth wife, Babette, is taking the mysterious drug Dylar in order to curb her fear of death. The narrator hunts down the man that sold it to her and shoots him, later taking him to a hospital. The narrator takes lessons in German in order to avoid embarrassment at a conference and is exposed to the Airborne Toxic Event while driving his family to an emergency shelter. FTP, identify this novel about Jack Gladney, chair of Hitler studies at the College-on-the-Hill, whose title refers to the omnipresent transmissions that pulse over America, written by Don DeLillo.
Output: Literature
He set a riddle for the Timnites about a lion's carcase full of honey, but they got the answer from his wife. He got his in-laws' neighbors to murder them by a trick involving tying torches to foxes' tails. He used an ass, or part of a dead one, for a more famous exploit that killed a thousand men. For 10 points, name this Nazarite and judge of Israel, whose strength depended on questionable personal hygiene practices.
Output: Social Science
She was a schoolteacher as well as a poet, and in later years taught Spanish literature at Columbia University. Her first poems to be published appeared in 1914 under the title Sonetos [so-NAY-tos] de la Muerte [MWEAR-tay], but her first major collection was Desolacin [deh-so-law-see-OWN], in 1922. Many of her poems focus on themes of motherhood, children, and love. FTP name this Chilean poet, winner of the 1945 Nobel Prize in Literature and teacher of Pablo Neruda.
Output: Literature
This structure was originally thought to be an illusion caused by the black reaction, but its existence was proven by an electron microscope. The GAAP protein located in this structure protects against apoptosis, and its contents are transferred to its lumen. The COPII protein tags vesicles from another organelle which enter the cis face of this structure, which is made up of stacks of flat membrane-covered sacs known as cisternae. For 10 points, name this organelle that processes and packages proteins and lipids to be sent throughout the cell, named for its Italian discoverer.
Output: Science
This country is the setting of a novel whose unnamed protagonist has a romantic encounter with a woman he gives the mythical name Ylajali; that protagonist nearly eats a pencil out of desperation but refuses a free breakfast from the city because he does not want to reveal his poverty. Another novel set in this country is about a woman who later dies of the plague after breaking off an engagement with Simon Darre to elope with (*) Erlend Nikuasson. The novel Hunger is set in this country, as are The Wreath, The Wife, and The Cross, which make up the Kristin Lavransdatter trilogy. For 10 points, name this home country of Knut Hamsun and Sigrid Undset, as well as the author of Peer Gynt, Henrik Ibsen.
Output: Literature
In Judaism, this action is sometimes performed on the "Bahab" days of the months of Marcheshvan and Iyar. In Eastern Orthodoxy, this action is most strictly mandated in conjunction with the Dormition of the Theotokos. In Judaism, this action occurs on days named for Gedaliah, Tevet, and Esther. This action, which is known as (*) ta'anit in Hebrew, must be done for a 25-hour period on Tisha B'av and Yom Kippur. In Islam, the end of a period in which this action is required is the festival of Eid Al-Adha. For 10 points, name this action that is done during the daytime during the month of Ramadan.
Output: Social Science
One building constructed by this empire features an inscription telling of Japanese traveler Ukondafu Kazufusa's celebration of this empire's traditional New Year. According to legend, this empire's foundations were laid when Queen Liu-ye married the man who used a magic bow to repel her attacks, Kaudinya, and one ruler of this empire staved off attack by giving offerings to Mongol commander Sabatu. This empire's first month was known as Karttika, which historians determined by reading the observations of Chinese diplomat to this empire Zhou Daguan. Founded when this empire broke away from the Sailendra Dynasty, this successor of the Chenla Empire saw its founder declare himself the chakravartin or "ruler of the universe. " Successfully subjugating the region of Vijaya, this empire saw the construction of the Bandeay Srai and Bayon temples. Eventually conquered by the kingdom of Ayutthaya, this empire obtained much of its water from the lake-river system, Tonle Sap. Founded in 802 AD, for 10 points, name this empire most famous for Suryavarman II's construction of the Angkor Wat complex.
Output: History
This country's history saw the signing of the Bulla Aurea by King Andreas in 1222, and the monk Capistrano helped Janos Hunyadi of this country in the siege of Belgrade. A dynasty established in the early 9th Century in this country was defeated at the Battle of Lechfeld by Otto the Great. The 1848 Revolution in this country saw a list of 12 demands, which included secession from its Eastern Neighbor, though more recently, this country tried to withdraw from the Warsaw Pact in a revolution led by Imre Nagy. For 10 points, identify this country whose people are known as the Magyars.
Output: History
Interfacial tension is left unaccounted for by the phase separation model of these entitiesin the limit of low aggregation number, while the predictions of that model converge to the mass action model for higher aggregation number. Their degree of association counts the number of ions in their components, ignoring counterions, while their mass generally refers only to neutral ones and so includes counterions. They never form below the Kraft temperature, but above that temperature they form in a range called the critical concentration; that concentration is irrelevant to inverted ones, which form in nonpolar solvents and result in the hydrophilic heads of their monomers gathering together. Critical to the action of detergents, For 10 points, identify these spherical products of emulsification.
Output: Science
supercritical fluid of this molecule has been studied for use as a homogeneous solvent, and one method to increase solubility of compounds in that solution is to introduce perfluoroalkyl groups. It reacts favorably with serpentine minerals, and the slow rate of that reaction can be increased greatly through the use of a microwave furnace. It can be reacted with hydrogen to form water in the Bosch reaction, which can be used to create graphite samples for carbon dating, and it can be used to produce a carboxyllic acid when reacted with a magnesium halide. When dissolved in blood, it increases the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen, a result known as the Bohr effect, and it is temporarily added to pyruvate to form oxaloacetate at the start of gluconeogenesis by a biotin-containing enzyme. For 10 points, name this molecule which is added to ribulose bisphosphate in the Calvin cycle in a reaction catalyzed by RuBisCO.
Output: Science
When using differentiable functions in classic Sturm-Liouville problems, these quantities are real and may be ordered to form an infinite sequence. When Markov, or stochastic, processes are represented as a collection of probability column vectors, these quantities must include 1 among their number. The determinant of a triangular matrix equals the product of these quantities, which can be found in some matrix A by solving the characteristic polynomial in terms of some variable, obtained when subtracting that variable times the identity matrix from A. FTP, identify these scalars, usually identified as lambda, which solve, for some vector x, A times x equals lamda times x.
Output: Science
one story by this author, Goerge's sister Sophie starts giving him a dollar a week and Mr. Cattanzara and the rest of the neighborhood start giving him respect when he claims he is reading one hundred books during the summer. In another of his stories, the sculptor Rubin puts on a failed exhibition of his driftwood art and gets angry when the critic Arkin says he looks like a Rembrandt self-portrait because of his hat. This author of "Summer's Reading" wrote a story in which the student Leo falls in love with Stella after seeing her photograph, although she turns out to be the wayward daughter of the matchmaker Salzman. The title character of one of his novels is accused of ritually murdering a Christian boy and is named Yakov Bok. For 10 points, name this author of the collection The Magic Barrel and the novel The Fixer who wrote about ballplayer Roy Hobbes in The Natural.
Output: Literature
One of this composer's masses features a Credo in which the first tenor sings four steps up and down the C Major scale corresponding with the Latin words ascendit and descendit, and the tenor and bass omit the standard phrase Benedicimus te in his generically titled Missa Brevis. This composer's motet Cantantibus Organis was used as the basis for a triple-choir mass composed as a collaboration between this man and other members of the Congregation of the Lord's Music. This teacher of Annibale Stabile and Giovanni Dragoni also wrote a Second Book of Spiritual Madrigals and a mass featuring an unusual two-part Agnus Dei written for six voices a capella and specifically designed for the words to be intelligible. FTP, name this Italian composer who may have influenced the Council of Trent's decision not to ban polyphonic music with his Pope Marcellus Mass.
Output: Fine Arts
The grid of this city was laid out by Robert Hoddle, and a wildfire scorched this city's lands on Black Thursday. The ownership of this city's territory was disputed by an organization led by John Wedge and the captain of the Enterprize. The treaty which allegedly bought the territory of this city from six elders of the Kulin people was quickly nullified by a governor's proclamation. This city was settled by John Pascoe Fawkner and the Port Phillip Association on the banks of the (*) Yarra River and was named by Richard Bourke in 1837, sadly depriving this city of the name Batmania after the man whose namesake treaty established it. For 10 points, name this city named for a British prime minister, the capital of the state of Victoria in Australia.
Output: History
At the bottom center is a squirming white cat. Only two people are watching the main action -- a young child and a nude woman behind the main figure's chair. 2 groups of people mill around, commoners on the left, and Parisian gentility on the right. FTP, name this 1855 work, subtitled "A Real Allegory Summing up Seven Years of My Life As an Artist," painted by Gustave Courbet.
Output: Fine Arts
He depicted turbines and conveyor belts as part of an assembly line in a series of works later called "unpatriotic". Those works, depicting factory workers in the titular city, were defended by Edsel Ford, and are currently located in the Detroit Institute of the Arts. Timothy L. Pflueger asked this man to paint a mural for the stock exchange building he had designed in San Francisco. The Palacio de Bellas Artes in Mexico City houses his Man, Controller of the Universe, a recreation of an earlier painting destroyed by the Rockefellers. For 10 points, name this Mexican painter, creator of Man at the Crossroads and husband of Frida Kahlo.
Output: Fine Arts
This man's namesake law allows residents of his home state to run for the Senate and the Vice Presidency at the same time. This man's powerful personality was known as "The Treatment," and it helped him pass the Chicken Tax, along with an Immigration Act, a Revenue Act and the National Endowment for the Humanities as part of his signature program. He appointed Thurgood Marshall to the Supreme Court, and this president used the [*] Daisy ad to win re-election over Barry Goldwater. His "Great Society" program failed due to his "credibility gap" on the Vietnam War. For 10 points, name the 36th US president, who took office after John F. Kennedy was assassinated.
Output: History
man encouraged collective farms to expel their useless members while serving as Party Chief in Ukraine. This man was mentored by Lazar Kaganovich, who with this man supervised construction of the Moscow Metro, and led to this man becoming Party Leader for Moscow. Later, Kaganovich along with Malenkov and Molotov opposed this man as part of the Anti-Party group. More famously, this man debated in a kitchen with (*) Richard Nixon and demanded a peace treaty between the Germanies, but failed in that endeavor, leading to the construction of the Berlin Wall. This man is best known for dealing with Kennedy in the Cuban Missile Crisis and for being succeeded by Brezhnev. For 10 points, name this man who in the "Secret Speech" condemned his predecessor Stalin.
Output: History
This author wrote three poems on the death of a girl almost six years old, one of which concludes, "press not heavy on her, O earth; she pressed but lightly on you." The image of a lion who spares a hare features prominently in a set of eight of his poems, and Tom Brown's rhyme "I do not love thee, Dr. Fell, / The reason why I cannot tell" is said to be a translation of one of this man's poems. In addition to three poems on the death of Erotion, he wrote many poems addressed to a friend who shared his name, one of which laments that the need for patronage prevents the two of them from "enjoy[ing their] days together free from care." Another poem addressed to that friend lists among the things that make life happy "wealth not gained by labour, but inherited" and "neither to fear death nor seek it," while a poem addressed to Licinianus extols the virtues of his native Spain. He wrote two collections of poems intended to accompany gifts, Xenia and Apophoreta, as well as a poem addressed to his younger contemporary Juvenal. For 10 points, identify this Roman poet best known for his Epigrams.
Output: Literature
Maimonides may have served as this mans physician, and one story claims that this man was unable to afford a funeral because of excessive charitable giving. He lost nine tenths of his army at the battle of Montgisard, and was on his way to fight his nominal overlord, the son of Imad Zengi, when the latter died. This signer of the treaty of Arsuf unsuccessfully besieged Tyre twice and was defeated at Arsuf by Richard I, but personally executed Raynald de Chatillon after his most famous victory. The Founder of the Ayyubid Caliphate, FTP identify this victor of the battle of Hattin, who reconquered Jerusalem and became famous in the west for his chivalry.
Output: History
One of the losing generals in this battle was drunk, and his withdrawal was strongly covered by Kienmayer until he too was forced to retreat. This battle was preceded by the capture of General Mack and his army, which provided the advantage the victor needed, and the actions of Bxhowden during it didn't help. After a forced march that covered 80 miles in 50 hours, the III Corps under Davout arrived, allowing the IV Corps under Soult to take a position that the victor of this battle had feigned conceding, the Pratzen Heights. For 10 points, name this battle, in which Napoleon I decisively routed Alexander I and Francis II on December 2, 1805.
Output: History
Antimony pentafluoride is a part of the magic one. The Hammett function measures the strength of these. The log of their disassociation constant plus the log of the reduced form over the original makes up the right side of the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. According to Lewis these are electron pair acceptors, while according to Bronsted, these are proton donors. For 10 points, name these chemicals such as HCL that lower the pH of a solution.
Output: Fine Arts
A cult of this deity was characterized by the sacrifice of puppies to Enyalio. The eagle owl, woodpecker, and vulture are sacred to this deity. This god exacts revenge for the rape of his daughter Alcippe and is forced to appear in a tribunal held by the Olympians held on a hill which later bore this god's name. With his lover, this father of Harmonia is caught in a (*) net crafted by Hephaestus. Cadmus slew a water-dragon sacred to this deity, who is known for only consorting with Aphrodite. For 10 points, name this Greek god of war.
Output: Social Science
Famous for its production of coffee, rubber, coconuts and tea, this country was ceded to the British Empire in 1815. Referred to as Taprobane by the Greeks, and Serendib by the Arabs, it was a center of Buddhist religion and culture from ancient times, but also now has very large numbers of Christians, Hindus, and Muslims. More recently, the biggest issue in this nation has been the civil war between its central government, and the northern opposition, the LTTE or Tigers of Tamil Eelam. For ten points, name this country separated from India by the Palk Strait with capital at Colombo.
Output: Social Science
The Alder-Wainwright transition occurs where this changes sign, and Lieb and Yngvason treated it as a monotonic, additive, extensive function. Stirling's formula is often used in deriving its value for a monoatomic ideal gas; that value is given by the Sakur-Tetrode equation. For a microscopic system, it is calculated by multiplying Boltzmanns constant by the natural log of possible microstates, and multiplying the change in this by temperature and adding the change in enthalpy yields the free energy of a system. For 10 points, what is this thermodynamic quantity which represents the amount of disorder in a system and is symbolized S
Output: Science
This man espoused his socialist ideas in Wealth in the Hands of the Few, and like William McKinley, this president served in the Army of West Virginia during the Civil War. A city and department in Paraguay are named for this man because he arbitrated the end of the War of the Triple Alliance. Although he was overridden, this president vetoed the Bland-Allison Act, and the Great Railroad Strike occurred during his administration. For 10 points, name this one term president from Ohio whose victory over Samuel Tilden in the Election of 1876 resulted in the end of Reconstruction.
Output: History
In the Theogony, Hesiod describes this figure as ""wily"" and ""ready-witted,"" and his story is also told in Hesiod's Works and Days. At Mekone (meh-CO-nay), he tries to trick Zeus by wrapping the bones of an ox inside its fat. He forecasts the travels of Io in a play by Aeschylus in which he is ""bound,"" a punishment which results from his theft of a certain item, which he hides in a reed. For 10 points, name this Titan who stole fire and gave it to humans.
Output: Literature
The drug mebendazole is used to treat diseases caused by members of this phylum, such as trichuriasis and ascariasis. These organisms use chitinous spicules during reproduction and are sheathed in a hard protein cuticle. These organisms possess a pseudocoelom and are one of the simplest animals that have a two-way digestive system. Sydney Brenner extensively used one member of this phylum, (*) C. elegans, as a model organism. Many members of this phylum are parasitic helminths, such as hookworms and pinworms. For ten points, name this phylum of nonsegmented roundworms.
Output: Science
It begins with Sir Hugh Evans learning that his cousin, Justice Robert Shallow, refuses to be abused. It ends with Mr. Brook revealing his true identity after having pretended to be an aspiring lover of his own wife. In the subplot, Fenton marries Anne, the daughter of one of the title characters, though she is also courted by Dr. Caius and Slender. FTP, name this comedy by Shakespeare in which Mistresses Ford and Page, the titular women, are ineffectually seduced by Sir John Falstaff.
Output: Literature
The 1957 album Thelonius Monk with this man includes the Kenny Clarke composition "Epistrophy" and cuts like "Off Minor" and "Trinkle, Tinkle. " His self-titled album of the same year includes "Time Was" and "Bakai," while some songs from an album entitled [this man] "Plays the Blues" also appear on Live at the Village Vanguard. Debuting on Dizzy Gillespie's "We Love to Boogie," one of this man's (*) post-heroin addiction albums sees him use his instrument to "say" the words found in the liner notes, while another album with songs like "Naima" and "Syeeda's Song Flute" is named after the leaping intervals instrument this man plays. Love Supreme and Giant Steps are, FTP, by what free jazz saxophonist, also known for My Favorite Things
Output: Fine Arts
The dedication of a temple at Kangavar calls this character the son of the mother goddess Anahita. In the Vedas, this figure is often paired in a dvandva with Varuna, as theyre both considered gods of the oath. Ranks in his cults included raven, bridegroom, and lion, and he was said to be born from a rock, holding a torch and a knife. When his countrys religion changed, he became a Yazata, sometimes said to be Ahura Mazdas son. All of the caves dedicated to this figure featured a statue of him slaying the sacred bull, from which he created plants and animals. For 10 points, identify this Iranian deity of light, worshipped in the Roman cult of Sol Invictus.
Output: Social Science
More violence than actually occurred was averted by the parliamentary maneuvers employed by moderates at a meeting at Parkinson's Ferry, soon after its more extreme leaders tried to incite its participants with information from letters gained while robbing the postal service. Despite the passage of a bill transferring some federal trials to state courts, disgruntled citizens burned the home of General John Neville, a regional inspector of the excise that was crippling the economy of the western United States. Collapsing after Washington called out state militias, FTP, what was this rebellion of the early 1790s caused by the taxing of alcohol
Output: History
The protagonist of this work is asked how to defend her helpless fame by Thalestris. The antagonist of this work, who is believed to be based on Robert, Lord Petre, is referred to as The Baron. One character--who travels to the dismal dome called the Cave of Spleen--is a dusky, melancholy sprite named Umbriel. The protagonist, who is based on Arabella Fermor and guarded by a sylph named Ariel, is Belinda. Its first of five cantos begins "What dire offence from am'rous causes springs, what mighty contests rise from trivial things." Name this work about the cutting of someone's hair, written by Alexander Pope.
Output: Literature
One of his operas includes the arias "With my mother" and "How strange and dead," as well as a furiant dance and "The Dance of the Comedians. "  His orchestral works include the Triumphal Symphony, the Festive Symphony, and a collection of symphonic tone poems, including one that opens with paired flutes depicting two springs. He said that the finale of a string quartet "includes a long-drawn out note, the fatal whistling" meant to symbolize his syphilis-induced deafness. FTP name this composer of the opera The Bartered Bride and the string quartet From My Life who depicted "The Moldau" in his M vlast.
Output: Fine Arts
This playwright wrote plays titled after heroes who fought in the Trojan War, Philoctetes and Ajax. In one of this playwright's works, Haemon and his mother Eurydice commit suicide after the title character does so herself; that occurs after she defies Creon's orders not to bury Polynices. In a preceding play, this author wrote about a king of Thebes who blinds himself after realizing he has married his mother, Jocasta. For 10 points, name this Ancient Greek playwright of Antigone and Oedipus Rex.
Output: Literature
One work with this numerical title in D major begins with every instrument playing a whole note with a fermata on a D note, and uses a Landler rhythm in its "Minuet: Vivace" movement. Another work of this title may have derived a motive of F-A-F from the phrase "Frei aber froh" to contrast with his Violin sonata's "Free, but lonely" motif, and that work was conducted at it's premiere by Joseph Joachim. In addition to those works by Schubert and Brahms, one work of this title has a "funeral march" for its allegro assai second movement, and had its expositions repeat cut from many performances, and it has a horn enter with the main theme four bars before the rest of the orchestra. Another work of this title was inspired by a trip to Holyrood Castle on the same trip that inspired the Hebrides Overture, and is in A minor, while another work with this title has five movements, with the fourth depicting the Cologne Cathedral in E-flat major. For 10 points, give this numerical title shared by Mendelssohn's "Scottish" Symphony, Schumann's "Rhenish" Symphony, and Beethoven's "Eroica" symphony.
Output: Fine Arts
This dynasty continued a system in which one month out of every five was given to military service by those who lived within 500 li of the capital; that was the Fubing system. A Buddhist savings bank stocked by donations was liquidated during this dynasty and was called the "Inexhaustible Treasury."  Governors known as "jiedushi" first sprang up during this period under emperor (*) Xuanzong. A major insurrection during this dynasty ended after Shi Chaoyi killed himself. This dynasty was  interrupted by the second Zhou dynasty when Ruizong announced that his mother, Wu Zetian, would be  emperor. For 10 points, name this Chinese dynasty that lasted from 618 until 907 and faced the An  Lushan rebellion.
Output: History
A key moment of this novel concerns the revelation by a drunk known as "Owl Eyes" that the titular character's books are uncut, thus giving a hint of his shallow character. While dating the golfer Jordan Baker, the narrator begins to learn about the protagonist, who rose to prominence under the tutelage of the yachtsman Dan Cody. The climax occurs with the murder of the protagonist by George Wilson, who was avenging the death of his wife in a car accident caused by Daisy Buchanan. Narrated by Nick Carraway, FTP, what is this Jazz Age novel, perhaps the best known work of F. Scott Fitzgerald
Output: Literature
Highlights of this opera include the chorus Gloria all'Egitto, the title character's arias Ritorna vincitor and O patria mia, and the "Triumphal Scene". One of its unique features is a brief atmospheric prelude that replaces the traditional overture. The plot is fairly simple, involving a love triangle in which a captain inadvertently reveals battle plans to the enemy. The jilted Amneris then has Rhadames arrested as a traitor and walled up in a pyramid, where he is joined in death by the titular Ethiopian princess. FTP, what is this opera by Verdi
Output: Fine Arts
The results of this experiment were supported by the absence of a realignment in the parallel-plate capacitor used the Trouton-Noble Experiment. The apparatus used in this experiment was rotated atop a stone slab within a mercury pool and made use of a 45 degree mirror that split light into two separate beams. Carried out at present day Case Western Reserve University with the aid of an interferometer, for 10 points, name this doubly-eponymous 1887 experiment that disproved the existence of luminiferous ether.
Output: Science
The last ruler of one branch of these people fled battle after watching his brother Tzazo cut down at\n Tricamarum. Tribes of these people included the Hasdingi and the Silingi. Belisarius's first great campaign\n was against a kingdom of these people led by Gelimer. These believers in Arianism persecuted other\n Christians after sacking Carthage and making it the capital of their North African kingdom. A letter sent by\n Licinia Eudoxia requesting assistance from their leader Gaiseric led to the 455 sack of Rome. For 10 points,\n identify this Germanic tribe whose name has become synonymous with destruction of property.
Output: History
This molecule exerts its effects by binding to its eponymous transmembrane protein receptor, which inactivates CTR1 to initiate a signal cascade, resulting in EIN3 turning on relevant gene expression. Silver salts inhibit its actions by binding its receptor, and it is responsible for the formation of the apical hook of many eudicot seedlings. Sometimes called the "senescence hormone," it promotes stem swelling but inhibits stem elongation, but is best known for its promotion of leaf abscission and fruit ripening. FTP, name this plant hormone, a simple gaseous molecule with formula C2H4.
Output: Science
The final part discusses the danger of a "Confederacy of Deceivers" who "disprepare citizens for the Kingdom of God to come. "  This follows Book Three's condemnation of "atheists" and a frequent return to the notion of a Prime Mover who intervenes in the world. It begins by pointing to an "artificial person," and a body politic that mimics the human body and is the actual commonwealth. The establishment of this commonwealth through social contract and government by a sovereign is what the author desires. FTP, name this 1651 work by Thomas Hobbes.
Output: Social Science
One of his paintings shows a man on horseback handing a green cloak to a semi-naked man on his right. Another of his paintings shows people in blue, green, yellow, and red falling over as Christ appears with a white flag. Both St. Martin and the Beggar and Resurrection are results after his move away from Madrid, where his Adoration of the Holy Name of Jesus and Triumph of the Holy League were rejected for El Escorial. Late works like Opening of the Fifth Seal and a shadowy version of Laocoon under blue skies retain the dynamics of his work depicting two saints in gold entombing Gonzalo Ruiz. For ten points, name this painter of The Burial of Count Orgaz, originally from Greece.
Output: Fine Arts
The male protagonist of this novel is removed from a clerical job after he proves unable to write anything other than poetry. The female protagonist's husband has an affair with a woman who will not undress, Barbara Lynch, and the male protagonist believes that he has been raped by a woman who carries a baby in a cage and is named Rosalba. The male protagonist's uncle Leo manages a steamship company and offers his nephew a job in order to help him forget the object of his affections. The protagonists are able to reunite after a man dies while trying to rescue his parrot from a mango tree. That man, Dr. Urbino, is Fermina's husband. For 10 points, identify this novel which ends when a ship's yellow flag allows Fermina Daza and Florentino Ariza to carry on a relationship, written by Gabriel Garcia Marquez.
Output: Literature
This country's most popular puppet plays in the eighteenth century portrayed couples who performed love suicides. This country's classic forms of poetry include tanka and renga, as well as a shorter form that always includes a season word. The Heian court is the setting of this country's classic novel The Tale of Genji. For 10 points, name this Asian country whose poets created the haiku.
Output: Fine Arts
Mustapha Matura wrote an adaptation of this play set in Trinidad. In this play's second act, one character makes a toast to "pirates, preachers, poteen-makers, with the jobbing jockies. " Widow Quin tries to seduce this play's title character on the request of Shawn Keogh, who is betrothed to another character. The title character of this play is nearly hanged after he attempts to kill his father for a second time by hitting him with a loy. At the end of this play, Pegeen laments having lost the title character, Christy Mahon. Causing a riot at its first performance due to the use of the word "shift," for 10 points, what is this play by John Millington Synge
Output: Literature
In one of this man's operas, the daughter of the Marquis of Calatrava, Leonora, loves Don Alvaro; that opera's overture opens with 3 brass unison E's. The protagonist of one of his operas sings "Ritorna vincitor." In another opera by this composer, the "Chorus of the Hebrew Slaves" is sung before the Babylonian king prays to God. This composer of La Forza Del Destino and Nabucco also wrote the aria "Libiamo ne lieti calici," a drinking song, in an opera in about Violetta, a "fallen woman." This composer is best-known for a work that ends when an Ethiopian princess is buried alive with her love Radames. For 10 points, name this composer of La Traviata and Aida.
Output: Fine Arts
One of this man's symphonies features a fanfare with four blows described as 'knocking on the gates of heaven. ' One of his piano sonatas was nicknamed Reliquie upon its posthumous publication, and he stated that 'the devil may play' his Wanderer Fantasy for piano. Like Ravel, he composed Valses nobles et sentimentales, and a singer hears 'the echo from the ravines' while standing on the highest cliff in one of his songs, which has clarinet obligato. One of his piano sonatas for four hands was later published as the 'Grand Duo. ' He set Sir Walter Scott's poem 'The Lady of the Lake' to music in 'Ellens dritter Gesang,' often mistitled as 'Ave Maria,' and his song 'Die Forelle' provided the theme for the fourth movement of a quintet which uses double bass instead of piano. For 10 points, name this prolific Austrian composer of lieder, whose other works include the quartet Death and the Maiden and the symphonies "Great" and "Unfinished. "
Output: Fine Arts
A scene at a pond causes one character to mouth off to the title character, after which she is sent to London to join her uncle. The description of a man who has no hat shocks the narrator, who reports the incident to Mrs. Grose. One of the characters reveals that he has stolen the narrators letter to her employer just before his death, which occurs in the presence of Peter Quint. The former governess at Bly, Miss Jessel, stalks the narrator, who begins to think that she and Peter Quint, both long deceased, are haunting her charges, Flora and Miles. Told by Douglas in an attempt to perform the title action, this is, for 10 points,, what ghost story by Henry James
Output: Literature
This author asked the Lord to avenge "thy slaughter'd Saints, whose bones / Lie scatter'd on the Alpine mountains cold" in his sonnet about the "Late Massacre in Piedmont. " Another of his sonnets describes how soon "Time, the subtle thief of youth" has stolen "on his wing" his "three and twentieth year. " He wrote "Hence vain deluding joyes" in the companion piece to his poem "L'Allegro," "Il Penseroso," and foretold the ruin of the "Corrupted clergy" in his monody inspired by the death of Edward King, "Lycidas". Jesus says "Tempt not the Lord thy God" to defeat Satan in the climax of the sequel to his epic poem about "man's first disobedience, and the fruit. " FTP, name this British poet of Paradise Regained and Paradise Lost.
Output: Literature
One character in this story is tormented by co-workers who claim he is in an abusive relationship with his seventy-year-old landlady. After consuming too much champagne, the protagonist of this story is robbed on his way home from a party given by a fellow clerk. One character in this story known only as the "important person" is haunted by the ghost of the protagonist, whom he killed by scolding. The title object in this story is made by the one-eyed tailor Petrovich. For 10 points, name this story in which Akaky Akakievich saves up to buy the title piece of clothing, by Nikolai Gogol.
Output: Literature
Only the lament of his Arianna survives. He created the "excited style" which is displayed in his The Combat of Tancredi and Clorinda, and his most notable example of sacred work was the Vesprodella Beata Virgine. A longtime maestro di cappella at St. Luke's, he was employed by Gonzaga family of Mantua during his early career. His two most noted works concern a Roman emperor's casting off of his wife Ottavia and marriage to his mistress and a musician descending into the Underworld. FTP, identify this originator of the opera who composed The Coronation of Poppaea and Orfeo.
Output: Fine Arts
In a book about this painting, Mary Hervey notes that the design of the floor is based on the sanctuary pavement of Westminster Abbey. In the upper left-hand corner, a crucifix is partially obscured by the green curtain that is draped behind the two major figures. Between the feet of these two figures lies an elongated skull that can only be recognized from an acute angle. Above this skull are two tables, on which lie a Lutheran hymnbook, a broken-stringed lute, and two globes. Jean de Dinteville and Georges de Selve are the namesake figures in, for 10 points, this Holbein painting, which depicts two emissaries to the English court from a foreign country.
Output: Fine Arts
One of this author's short stories centers on a young student hiking in the title peninsula who is taken aback, then relieved, when he sees a young girl running naked from a bathhouse. This author described a man who falls in love with a woman's earlobe in "Her Husband Didn't," which appears in his short story collection First Snow on Fuji. This author wrote about the schoolteacher Gimpei Momei in The Lake, and about Eguchi, who spends the night with narcotized young women, in The House of the Sleeping Beauties. Another of his novels chronicles the relationship between the geisha Komako and Shimamura. For 10 points, name this Japanese author of The Master of Go and Snow Country.
Output: Literature
Louis Boufflers and Claude de Villars lost the Battle of Malplaquet during ths war, and the Treaties of Baden and Rastatt partially ended this war. The signing of the Asiento was one result of this war, which later precipitated the War of the Quadruple Alliance. Queen Anne's War was an extension of this war, and during this war, the Battle of Ramillies was won by the Duke of (*) Marlborough, who also won at the Battle of Blenheim. This war began after the Bourbon Philip V inherited the throne of a certain country from Charles II. For ten points, name this early eighteenth century war which was ended by the Treaty of Utrecht and was fought over the throne of a certain Iberian country.
Output: History
One of this man's paintings shows its subject being led by Mercury into an Ionic temple labeled "Securitati Augustae"; that same subject is presented with a burning candle on a heart inside a laurel wreath in this man's The Triumph of Time. His painting The Honeysuckle Bower is a double portrait of himself and his first wife, Isabella Brant. The 2001 sale of one of his works, which shows a soldier in a blue sash poised to smash a baby on the ground, set the record for (*) Old Master paintings. One of his recurring subjects is depicted marrying Henry IV and reconciling with her son Louis XIII in a series commissioned for the Luxembourg Palace. For 10 points, name this Flemish Baroque painter of a famous Descent from the Cross, The Massacre of the Innocents, and the Marie de Medici cycle, known for his namesake voluptuous female figures.
Output: Fine Arts
As inspiration one commanding officer repeated most of Thomas Grey's famous "Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard" from memory. Afterwards, Brigadier General Robert Monckton, second in command, led  a force of 4,500 through Anse de Foulon, a lightly protected cove two miles south of the target city. The surprised French elected to attack across the flat terrain anyway, but their line of battle was shattered by a sharp volley from British muskets. Thus, it was actually fought on the Plains of Abraham. FTP, name this fierce 1759 battle that saw the deaths of generals Montcalm and Wolfe outside a Canadian city.
Output: History
Alexandro and Viluppo are two noblemen in this play who have a minor comedic scnee, while one character has a monologue that makes reference to two plays by Seneca, Agamemnon and The Troades. Serberine is the server to one character in this play, but he's silenced so that he can't reveal anything. A later edition of this play added a scene with a painter that was entirely absent in its debut. The bribing of Pedringano serves as a method to discover the complicity of Horatio in this play. Andrea and Revenge serve as the chorus at the start of each act of this play, which sees one character bite his own tongue out at the end so that he can't reveal the role that Bel-Imperia had in the murder of Balthazar. For 10 points, identify this play that may have inspired plot elements from Hamlet about the lost wits of Hieronimo, a play by Thomas Kyd.
Output: Literature
One leader of this name ruled about twenty six hundred years before the War in Iraq, renamed the Dorian tribes of his city Swine-men, Pig-men and Ass-men, and held a competition over the hand of his daughter Agariste. The more famous ruler of this name was opposed by Cleomenes I after his rival appealed to Sparta and banished this man on the basis of a curse on his Alcmaeonid line. This son of Megacles who gained fame for overthrowing Hippias was reinstated when Isagoras met popular resistance. He spread the four tribes into ten based on area of residence and expanded the Boule from four hundred to five hundred in a series of reforms he called isonomia. For 10 points name this man known as the "the father of Athenian democracy" and is not Solon or Peisistratos.
Output: History
In one of his essays, this thinker reasoned that just as a diseased limb is amputated to save the body, so too must tyrants be removed from the body of humanity. In one of his most quoted maxims, this man claimed that "There is no one who loves pain itself simply because it is pain." In a dialogue by this author, a soldier on a military campaign has a celestial out-of-body experience in which he observes the smallness of Earth compared to the stars. This thinker sublimated his grief after the death of his daughter into the tract (*) Consolatio, and unwittingly inspired St. Augustine to take up philosophy with his Hortensius, both of which are now lost. The "Dream of Scipio" is the last book of this author's adaptation of Plato's Republic. Soon after this author explicated how to live morally in an epistolary essay addressed to his son, titled De officiis, he was executed and dismembered as a result of his series of speeches attacking Marc Antony. For 10 points, name this Roman philosopher and master orator who wrote the Philippics.
Output: Social Science
One major pathway involving this compound is the tuberoinfundibular one that transfers it from the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland. This compound is involved in voluntary motor control via its nigriostriatal pathway, and it binds with lactotrophs in order to inhibit the secretion of prolactin, which is a major antagonist of it. It is the immediate precursor of norepinephrine in the epinephrine synthesis pathway. Antagonists of this neurotransmitter are used to treat schizophrenia, and deficiency of this neurotransmitter can lead to Parkinsons disease. For 10 points, name this neurotransmitter associated with the brain's pleasure center whose precursor is L-dopa.
Output: Science
Born in 1788, he left home when his mother, a popular novelist, pushed him down a flight of stars. He taught at Berlin and Jena, and then settled down in Frankfurt with his pet poodle who biographers now think may have been a really ugly cat. His philosophy rejects idealism and combines the thought of Meister Ekhart and Jakob Bohme, and he had a signet ring made of the Sphinx tossing itself into the abyss because he believed he had solved all the riddles in the universe. For ten points, identify this philosopher who wrote The World as Will and Idea.
Output: Social Science
One character in this novel remarks that southerners have lost the "Walter Scott dignity and chivalry" possessed by earlier generations. Another character who has a pet bird named Gypsum speaks highly of the Miss Woodburn and her father, a pro-slavery retired army officer. Other characters in this novel include a one-armed socialist and the charity-inclined Margaret Vance. Names considered for the central endeavor of this novel include "The Lone Hand" and "The Syndicate," though it is eventually named for the frequency of its appearance. Conrad is killed while trying to save Mr. Lindau during a streetcar riot, which leads to him moving to Europe after selling Every Other Week to Mr. Fulkerson and Basil March. For 10 points name this novel in which the Dryfoos family's use of their recently acquired wealth goes awry, a work of William Dean Howells.
Output: Literature
This thinker summed up this ethics by writing "what is good is also divine" in a collection of personal notes. One of his works notes that philosophy's goal is to clarify and to critique. Another of his works asserts that the purpose of one field of study is to decompose statements into atomic propositions. He structured his first major work around seven basic propositions, the first being that "the (*) world is everything that is the case." He later criticized this work for being too dogmatic in one that discussed family resemblances and language games while rejecting the idea of private language. For 10 points, name this linguistic philosopher and logician who wrote Philosophical Investigations and Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus.
Output: Social Science
This event is represented by Abram sacrificing his son in "The Parable of the Old Man and the Young." In a poem about this event, a boy who is tired of the "crumps and lice and lack of rum" commits suicide. That poem is by Siegfried Sassoon. In an unevenly structured poem describing this event, the speaker invokes blood as "obscene as cancer" and repeats the word "drowning". That speaker cries that the reader would not tell to "children ardent for some desperate glory" the title "old lie" about this event, "Dulce et Decorum est". For 10 points, name this period during which Wilfred Owen's "Anthem for a Doomed Youth" lamented "What passing-bells for these who die as cattle".
Output: Literature