niryuu/sni-each-converted huggingface dataset:
One of this mans works describes a composer who frequently meets the titular being after his childs death, while another of his works describes a patient suffering from cancer who is fascinated with chrysanthemums. In addition to "Aghwee the Sky Monster" and "The Day He Himself Shall Wipe My Tears Away," he also wrote about a boy who helps an African American POW that parachuted into his village. This story, The Catch, won him the Akutagawa Award. He also wrote about Mitsuhiro and Takashi's adventures in the town of Okubo, while his later stories parallel the relationship between him and his autistic son, Hikari. For ten points, name this author of Nip the Bud, Shoot the Kids, The Silent Cry, and A Personal Matter.
Output: Literature
This author was dubbed "Ironic" in the title of Erich Heller's book about him. His Brazilian mother Julia inspired Consuelo, the mother of a character who is mistaken for an escaped con man and nearly arrested on a visit to his hometown. In that novella by this author, the protagonist discusses art with the painter Lizaveta Ivanovna and attends a ball where he sees people who resemble his childhood friends Hans Hansen and Ingeborg Holm. One of his characters continually encounters a (*) red-haired man whose face is caked with white makeup and repeatedly notices the odor of disinfectant used to ward off the spread of cholera. An erotic obsession with a Polish boy named Tadzio fills the last days of Gustav von Aschenbach in a 1912 novella by this author. For 10 points, name this German author of Tonio Kroger and Death in Venice.
Output: Literature
The narrator of this work recalls digging through the flooded Palace of Justice to recover 322 pages of a brief. One character in this work confuses the bad omen of birds with the good omen of trees when interpreting her sons dream. Another character in this novel writes weekly letters for seventeen years until her former lover returns them all unopened. Father Amador is distracted from its title event by the arrival of the bishop on a steamboat, and that event is sparked after Bayardo San Roman returns one character to her mother. The butcher Faustino is asked to sharpen two pairs of knives in this work; those knives are used by the Vicario twins after their sister Angela informs them that Santiago Nasar took her virginity. For 10 points, name this 1981 novella by Gabriel Garcia Marquez.
Output: Literature
This mans first wife shares her name with a daughter of Erechtheus who was the mother of Achaeus and Ion. His father was a son of Capys who traveled with Antenor on a failed mission to ransom Hesione. This man rescues Achaemenides while leading a band that includes Palinurus and the faithful Achates. He defeats king Mezentius after allying with king Evander, and he avenges the death of Evanders son Pallas by killing a prince of the Rutuli. After losing his first wife, Creusa, he marries the daughter of Amata and Latinus, Lavinia. FTP, name this son of Anchises whose adventures following the Trojan War were recounted in a namesake epic poem written by Virgil.
Output: Social Science
was discovered in 1986 by Roger Davies, Alan Dressler and five other scientists collectively known as The Seven Samurai. Its discovery was made clear due to peculiarities in the Tully-Fischer relationship of up to 700 kilometers-per-second and is associated with a filament-like red-shift that is directed back at the observer; a pattern called the Fingers of God. Some astronomers believe that it is a supercluster with its center at Abell 3627, but since it lies within the Zone of Avoidance in the direction of the Hydra and Centaurus constellations, studies made to research this object in the visible spectrum have been made difficult. This structure is located just in front of a 500 million light year long filament of both baryonic and dark matter called the Great Centaurus Wall. Recently estimated to be 250 million light years across, FTP, identify this gravitational anomaly that is named from its tendency to draw galaxies toward it.
Output: Science
The Treaty of Tngsberg secured concessions for it from the Norwegian king Eric II Priest-hater, while the relocation of a Kontor to Dordrecht induced Philip the Bold to renew its privileges. Piracy by the Victualler Brethren was long a threat to it, especially during the slow break up of the Union of Calmar. The Treaty of Straslund with Waldemar IV of Denmark marked its apex. Before that pact, Waldemar had sacked one member, Visby in Gotland, though by the time of its demise 300 years later, only Bremen, Hamburg, and Lbeck remained as major centers. FTP, name this medieval trade organization, which dominated commerce throughout most of Northern Europe.
Output: History
One character in this play is accused of being as subtle as "George Bernard Shaw as an elephant" when he catches two people kissing at the end of the first act. One character in this play tells a story about a man who nearly caused a fire in a shop on Flood Street when he left a heater burning for two days without water, and earlier that character plays a game with the eight year old Bert pretending there is a jail in his basement. Frank Lubey works on creating a horoscope of November 25th for a boy who is commemorated with an apple tree that is split by lightning before the action of the first act. In this play Annie Deever gives a devastating letter to Kate in which Larry admits to committing suicide after hearing about the illicit death of twenty-one pilots. For 10 points, name this play in which Chris discovers his father Joe Keller knowingly sold faulty plane parts, written by Arthur Miller.
Output: Literature
Philip of Cognac was the only and illegitimate son of this man, who is buried at the Abbey of Fontevraud. His engagement with Alix, countess of the Vexin did not result in marriage, as allegedly his own father took her as mistress; he married Berengaria of Navarre instead. That marriage took place in Limassol after this man conquered Cyprus from Isaac Comnenus. He came to the rescue of his sister, Queen Joan, in Sicily, and forced Tancred to release her and reinstate her dowry. Leopold V of Austria imprisoned him in Durnstein, and both his brother and Philip II of France plotted to keep him prisoner; instead, he was released on a huge ransom and returned to England. He died in 1199, allegedly in the arms of his mother, Eleanor of Aquitaine. FTP Name this son of Henry II and brother of King John, leader of the 3rd crusade
Output: History
In topological insulators, one version of this effect gives rise to a defect-resistant current induced by spin-orbit coupling. In graphene, this effect is shifted by one half, giving rise to an anomalous minimum of the relevant quantity, which can allow for ballistic transport. A more complex version of it was discovered in gallium arsenide and can be explained by Laughlin quasiparticles; this is referred to as the fractional version. This effect can be understood in terms of partial filling of Landau levels and has characteristic "plateaus", and it yields numbers called filling factors. Discovered by Klaus von Klitzing when studying a two-dimensional electron gas, for 10 points, identify this effect in which conductivity in a strong magnetic field is quantized.
Output: Science
At the end, the antagonist is required to sell food made from dogs' asses while cursing at prostitutes. Although one character claims that he will be even crueler than the antagonist to win his office, it turns out that like most politicians, he never intended to fulfill his campaign promises, as the Sausage Seller instead rules fairly and brings a truce in the form of a beautiful maiden. The play was a thinly-veiled allegory, as the master's name means 'the people,' and the Steward from Paphlagonia represents the man who insulted an earlier play of the author. Cleon's insult of The Babylonians may have led to, for 10 points, what play by Aristophanes, named for some cavalry
Output: Literature
This psychologist wrote a book about flying saucers subtitled A Modern Myth of Things Seen in the Skies. Stephen Hoeller wrote a commentary on one work by this psychologist, a gnostic work entitled Seven Sermons to the Dead. He analyzed the poet Leonard Bacon, a cousin of another of his patients, the alcoholic Rowland Hazard III. This psychologist described his journey to Kenya and Uganda in his autobiography, (*) Memories, Dreams, Reflections. He presents a view of the libido which diverges from that of Freud, and his Red Book was not published until 2009. He described innate tendencies such as the shadow, the trickster, the mother, and the anima and animus. FTP, name this Swiss psychiatrist who worked on archetypes and the collective unconscious.
Output: Social Science
This author published a collection of poetry called Temple of the Lark, and his university lectures were published as Architecture of the New Life. This man translated the Popul Vuh into Spanish and later used it as the basis for a lyrical set of fairy tales named after his home country that won the Silla Monsegur prize. This author decried the United Fruit Company in his (*) Banana Trilogy. In another of his stories, Gaspar Ilom leads a revolution against the planter caste. In his most famous work, General Canales escapes an attempt on his life but Cara de Angel is made to believe Camila has become the titular character's mistress. That titular character is based on the dictator Estrada Cabrera. For 10 points, name this Guatemalan Nobel Laureate who wrote El Senor Presidente.
Output: Literature
In one work, this character is played by a countertenor and sings the arias "In si torbida procella" and "Vedeste mai sul prato". In another work, which is named for this character, he is portrayed by a alto castrato and attempts to win the love of Asteria. In addition to the Vivaldi opera Bajazet and an opera in Italian by Handel, this character appears in one play in which Mycetes, the Persian emperor, is overthrown by a coalition containing Cosroe, the brother of Mycetes, and the father of this character's wife Zenocrates. In that work, this character would conquer Turkey and use the Turkish king Bajazeth as a footstool while keeping him and his wife Zabina in a cage, before killing his son Calyphas and burning a copy of the Qur'an. For 10 pointsname this Central Asian conqueror and title character of a Christopher Marlowe play.
Output: Fine Arts
In the 20th-century a second form of it has been championed by Alvin Plantinga, Norman Malcolm, and Charles Hartshorne. It was first criticized by Pierre Gassendi and later by Kant who, in the Critique of Pure Reason, argued that the analysis of a concept can never lead to its object. Godel's version used modal logic to symbolize its various premises as truth statements, and Descartes' version is predicated on the premise that existence itself is a necessary perfection. First systematized by St. Anselm, FTP, name this theory that posits the reality of God based on his essence.
Output: Social Science
According to Apollodorus, this mythological figure buried Ascalaphus beneath a rock in Hades; when Heracles freed him, this figure turned him into an owl. After a foolish act by King Erisychthon, she tormented him with an unending hunger leading him to eventually devour his own flesh. She lent her chariot, pulled by winged dragons, to the mortal Triptolemus, who was the brother of a boy she allowed to be burned to death. That figure, Demophon, was the son of Metanira and Celeus, at whose home this deity stayed in the guise of an old woman named Doso while she searched for her child. The mother of the horse Arion with Poseidon, FTP, name this Olympian who, with her brother Zeus, was the mother of Persephone.
Output: Social Science
This person objected to a portrayal of him as Claude Lantier in the novel LOuevre, which caused him to break with Zola. Early works like 1867s The Abduction focus on haunting themes, but he soon took up Romanticism, as evidenced by Young Girl at the Piano - Overture to Tannhuser. This artist turned to Impressionism in the 1870s with a series of views of his home at Jas de Bouffan. His later paintings were so deliberate that Still Life with Apples and Still Life with Plate of Cherries that depict waxed fruit. For ten points, identify this French Post-Impressionist painter best known for a series of views of Mont St. Victoire.
Output: Fine Arts
During a storm, this man accidentally killed the hospitable king of the Doliones, Cyzicus. He sired twins before abandoning the malodorous isle of Lemnos and its queen, Hypsipyle. This son of Alcimede yoked two bronze-hoofed, fire-breathing bulls and carried a (*) goddess disguised as an old woman across a river. He was sent by his uncle, king Pelias of Iolcus, to deal with Aeetes after arriving home wearing only one sandal. That journey took him through the Symplegades to Colchis and back through the Hellespont. For 10 points, name this husband of Medea, a Greek hero who sailed in search of the Golden Fleece with the Argonauts.
Output: Social Science
This artist of The Trench and the Trinity also depicted two versions of the same scene, one of which was entitled Modern Migration of the Spirit and the other of which was entitled Christ Destroys His Cross. This man also painted Science and a man on his knees receiving light from heaven in Omniscience Several academically clad skeletons look on as a skeleton delivers a skeleton baby from a skeleton mother in this artists work Gods of the Modern World, which appeard as part of this artists series in the Dartmouth library. This artist painted the three demons encircling the title immolated figure in his circular work Man on Fire, while in a better known work, he depicted the arrival of an Aztec god. For ten points, identify his muralist who painted, The Coming of Quetzalcoatl, a Mexican.
Output: Fine Arts
He was born in Maryland in 1777 and married Francis Scott Key's sister in 1806. He was appointed Andrew Jackson's second attorney general in 1831, but when Jackson attempted to make him secretary of the treasury in 1833, he became the first presidential cabinet nominee to be rejected by the Senate. Three years later, despite the opposition of Henry Clay, John Calhoun, and Daniel Webster, he was accepted by Congress as John Marshall's successor on the Supreme Court. FTP, name this controversial chief justice most remembered for writing the majority opinion in the 1857 Dred Scott decision.
Output: History
Guido Reni's series on this man was commissioned by Federico Gonzaga and sits in the Villa Favorita in Mantua, and he is the subject of a series of Zurbaran works notable for their lack of religious content and which lie in Madrid's Buenretiro. Paolo Veronese depicted this man as being rather fat in a work which puts him next to Ceres and an enthroned personification of Venice. In another Paolo Veronese painting of this man, a succubus emerges from a woman's red dress as he is having his silver-white silk clothes grabbed by a woman in a green dress. Besides Allegory of Vice and Virtue, in a sculpture this man was depicted grabbing another figure, who arches his back as his legs flail and this man thrusts his hips forward, crushing his opponent. Depicted alongside Antaeus in a work of Antonio Pollaiuolo, for 10 points, name this mythological figure noted for twelve labours.
Output: Fine Arts
This man came dangerously close to losing most of his money investing in an invention by the  "Austrian Edison", Jan Szczepanik. Although his namesake Memory Builder game failed to find an audience, he found mild success with a patented Self-Pasting Scrap Book. He lost big investing in a new method for engraving called Kaolatype and in James W. Paige's imperfect (*) typesetting machine. This man's publishing house produced an unpopular biography of Pope Leo XIII which erased much of the profit it earned from publishing the memoirs of his close friend, Ulysses S. Grant. This author of "King Leopold's Soliloquy" served as vice-president of the American Anti-Imperialist League. For 10  points, name this author of non-fiction work like Following the Equator and A Tramp Abroad.
Output: History
In one of his last written words, this man claimed that his blood will be an immortal flame that upholds the sacred will to resist, and that speech ends with an image of this man walking towards history, leaving life to enter history. This man's early career was helped because of Antonio Borges, and he came to power provisionally when Junta Pacificadora. This ruler was succeeded by Jose Linhares, and after he commited suicide Joao Filho took over his role. This man instigated a new Constitution for his contry in 1934. This man was in power when the Integralists rose, and he also tried to assassinate Carlos Lacerda during the crime of Rua Tonelero. For ten points, name this instigator of the Estado Novo who served as dictator of Brazil 1930 to 1945.
Output: History
The Presbyterian Church was established in this modern-day country by Canadian missionary and teeth-pulling enthusiast George Mackay. A duck farmer briefly took control of this nation during a 1721 rebellion. Dutch troops were murdered in 1629 in Madou in this country. General Instruments set up an electronic assembly plant in this country's pioneering > export-processing zone, and its namesake economic miracle produced tech companies like BenQ. After a bystander was killed in fight between police and a cigarette smuggler in this country, a crowd gathered the next day and staged the (*) 2-28 protest, which ultimately spawned the forty-year White Terror. The ruling party in this country lost out to a rival group which went on the Long March. For 10 points, name this island nation ruled by the Kuomingtang.
Output: History
This artist's The Fairman Rogers Four in Hand was based off the photographs of Eadweard Muybridge who showed that all four of a horse's legs leave the ground while it is galloping. One work by this artist shows a group of six naked men swimming in a lake. In another work by this painter, a man in the foreground sits in a rowboat while on the Schuylkill River. In addition to (*) The Swimming Hole and Max Schmitt in a Single Scull, this artist painted a work in which a group of students listen to a lecture by the title professor about a surgery being performed at Jefferson Medical College. For 10 points, name this American artist of The Gross Clinic.
Output: Fine Arts
This man's first published article discusses why the Paducah was renamed the Geula and recounts his experience on a South American fruit freighter which smuggled Jews into British Palestine. Inspired by that example in "Beds for Bananas," he formulated the "dilemma of Heinz," in which a man breaks into a pharmacy to steal a new drug in order to save his wife. His assistant Carol Gilligan wrote the 1982 book In A Different Voice alleging that his major theory is biased towards "privileged white males. " He identified "naive hedonism," "good boy" and "individual principles of conscience" as sub-stages in his major theory, which generally assigns children to "pre-conventional," "conventional," and "post-conventional" stages. FTP, name this American psychologist who created a hierarchy of moral development.
Output: Social Science
Minor characters in this work include Flora Bervoix, the Marchese dObigny, and the Commissionario. The libretto for it was adapted from Dumas The Lady of the Camellias. Arias in this opera include Di Madride noi siam mattadori, sung by Gastone and the bullfighters, and one beginning Act III shared by the soprano Annina and the operas main character, a courtesan. Giorgio and Alfredo Germont pursue the titular fallen woman, Violetta Valery. For ten points, identify this opera by Giussepe Verdi.
Output: Fine Arts
Mistakes made by this politician include the exile of Jose Limantour, leader of the Cientificos, and including a "no re-elections" slogan in his opposition to Lerdo de Tejada, which became the Plan of Tuxtepec and was issued from Oaxaca. Advocating "bread or stick" governing, this target of the Plan of San Luis Patosi served in the War of the (*) Reform and used the rurales to push Hacienda owners to modernization after coming to power by battling against Jaurez. He lost power following an offhand mark to James Creelman of Pearson's Magazine, after which his exiling of Bernardo Reyes and forged election results against Francisco Madero sparked the Mexican Revolution. FTP, identify this man who was overthrown as President of Mexico in 1911 after first assuming office in 1876.
Output: History
In one scene in this work, a group sings the song "O welche Lust" before remembering that they need to stay quiet or they could be caught, and that group would later sing "Leb wohl, du warmes Sonnenlicht" when they are discovered roaming free in the garden by a character who sings "Ha, welch ein Augenblick! " before telling another character to sound a trumpet when a minister arrives. In addition to Pizarro, one scene in this work sees Marzelline sing "Jetzt, Schtzchen, jetzt sind wir allein", in which she reveals that she is in love with the title character, who reveals himself at the end of this work to be the wife of Florestan. For 10 pointsname this opera about Leonore by Ludwig van Beethoven.
Output: Fine Arts
Rado developed a sigma function for one of these objects, and Martin developed one of the first of a special variety, which are named for Post and are defined as program formulations of simple ones. The Cohen-Kung theorem guarantees that the trajectory of one of them, Langton's Ant, is unbounded, and another example of them is the Busy Beaver. It is undecidable whether a particular one will stop for a certain input, a dilemma called the halting problem, and their namesake lends his name along with Church's to a thesis governing them. Consisting of a tape, action table, state register and a read/write 'head,' FTP, name these simple devices which can be adapted to perform the logic of any computer.
Output: Science
This nation's Podocarpus National Park is home to an endemic species of conifer and many other plants. The largest province of this country is Azuay. One island group controlled by this country includes Floreana Island and Isabela Island. This country is home to the farthest location from the (*) Earth's center, Mount Chimborazo. This country is home to the large active volcano Cotopaxi. Its largest city is Guayaquil. For 10 points, name this South American nation with capital at Quito.
Output: Social Science
graph theory, this word describes a path in an undirected graph that meets each vertex only once such as that of the edge graph of a dodecahedron; such paths are described using the Bondy-Chvatal theorem. Systems described by this adjective include dynamical billiards and gravitational orbits as the forces in these systems are independent of the velocities. These systems are often formulated with a namesake vector field that exists on a symplectic manifold or more generally on an arbitrary Poisson manifold. In physical chemistry, the Dyall form of this operator involves the sum of the products of orbital energies and spin-traced operators for a two-electron system, while the more commonly used form of this operator is equal to negative h-bar squared over twice the mass times the Laplacian plus the potential energy of the system and corresponds to the observable of the total energy of that system. FTP, identify this ubiquitous adjective in math and sciences that is named after a 19th century Irish physicist and mathematician with first and middle names William Rowan.
Output: Science
In this tissue, the presence of bordered pits in the walls of cells prevents the formation of embolisms. The secondary kind of this tissue is located on the interior of the vascular cambium and comprises heartwood and sapwood. Transport in this tissue is partially caused by root pressure, and the secondary walls of its cells are (*) lignified. Cohesion-tension theory describes how transpirational pull moves sap through this type of tissue, which is composed of vessel elements and longer, thinner tracheids. Cells are dead at maturity in, for 10 points, what water-transport tissue that is found in plants and contrasted with phloem
Output: Science
This countrys city of San Miguel de Tucuman was once a dominant trading center, and in 1820 this country was home to the League of the Free Peoples led by Jose Gervasio Artigas, who was in exile from his native Uruguay. Juan Facundo Quiroga led a civil war against early president Bernardino Rivadavia, and Juan Manuel de Rosas dominated this country in a confederation. Eduardo Leonardi overthrew another leader, who was supported by Descamisados or Shirtless Ones, and his wife died after running for vice president. FTP, name this country, where you can find gauchos on the pampas, and which was home to Juan Peron and his wife Evita.
Output: History
The crumpled pages of this work alert a rescue party to the location of train wreck survivor Ashoke Ganguli in a 2004 novel. This work's protagonist, a short pock-marked man with reddish balding hair, goes home at night to make capital and lower case letters. He later resolves to deprive himself of nighttime tea and other small comforts to supplement the fourty kopecks he had already saved. The protagonist dies delirious in a snowstorm but his ghost returns to rob the Person of Consequence. FTP, all of these events are related to Akaky Akakievich's obsession with the title object in what Nikolai Gogol short story
Output: Literature
Jan Palach set himself on fire to protest the failure of this movement, whose only short-term result was the federalism espoused by NAME Husak, who made an alliance of convenience with the hardliners. The attempted revival of the Social Democratic party, the churches, and the Boy Scout movement frightened the country's neighbors, but it was the publication of Ludvik Vaculik's "Two Thousand Words" manifesto in the Literary Gazette that spurred them to action. Despite the conference of Warsaw Pact leaders at Cierna-nad-Tisou in Slovakia, tanks were sent to repress this move toward "socialism with a human face," an initiative of Alexander Dubcek. FTP, name this short-lived 1968 season of liberal reform in the Czech capital.
Output: History
In one poem, this author wrote that the value of the subject's love was worth "more than whole mines of gold or all the riches that the East doth hold." Another work by this poet looks at a place where once "lay that store" the poet "counted best," which now "in ashes lie." She wrote that poem after her house caught fire. For 10 points, name this early American female poet of "To My Dear and Loving Husband" and "Verses Upon the Burning of Our House" who had her works published in The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America.
Output: Literature
During the Renaissance, this city was home to the printing press of Aldus Manutius, which printed the first European editions of major Greek classics. The majority of galleys for the Holy League at the Battle of Lepanto were provided by Spain and this city. Rulers of this city, such as Enrico Dandolo, annually threw a ring into the Adriatic to celebrate this city's symbolic marriage to the sea. For 10 points, name this northeast Italian city once ruled by doges, which is built on a series of canals.
Output: Fine Arts
In one novel by this author, the no-good Henry Scaddon steals the identity of Maurice Christian Bycliffe and hides out as a servant, and an election day riot jeopardizes the career of Harold Transome. This author of Felix Holt, The Radical also wrote about Dunstan Cass's skeleton being found alongside a pile of gold in a pit in a book where Eppie is adapted by the title "weaver of Raveloe." For 10 points, name this novelist of Middlemarch and Silas Marner.
Output: Literature
Early unfinished operas by this composer include Oedipus in Athens and Salammb. These operas lack the nationalism that would characterize his later works such as Khovanshchina, an opera based on the Moscow uprising of 1682. A common theme in his works is the plight of the downtrodden, something he can relate to since his aristocratic family was pushed into poverty upon the emancipation of the serfs. A famous portrait by Ilya Repin portrays him just days before his death at age 42. He made many versions of the choral work A Night on Bald Mountain, while he is better known for the opera Boris Godunov. For ten points, identify this Russian composer of Pictures at an Exhibition, a member of the Five.
Output: Fine Arts
This country's northernmost town is Longyearbyen, which is also the northernmost town in the world. This country's capital city sits on the Aker River and it was formerly known as Christiania. This country is home to the 2008 European Capital of Culture, and the host of the 1994 Winter Olympics. Those cities are Stavanger and Lillehammer respectively. In 2011 Utoya Island in this country was the site of a massacre committed by Anders Behring Breivik. For 10 points, name this country which owns the Svalbard Archipelago and has its capital at Oslo.
Output: Social Science
This poet wrote The firefly wakens; waken thou with me in his poem Now Sleeps the Crimson Petal. The title objects of one poem are described as Fresh as the first beam glittering on a sail / That brings our friends up from the underworld, and another poem starts with the line the wood decays, and woods decay and fall. In addition to Tears, Idle Tears and Tithonus, the title character of one poem comments much have I seen ands knowncities of men and later declares he needs to strive, to seek to, and not to yield. and another poem includes the assertion Theirs not to reason why / Theirs but to do and die. For 10 points, name this Victorian poet who wrote Ulysses and The Charge of the Light Brigade.
Output: Literature
During the decline of this empire, King Hyspaosines broke away to found a small kingdom called Characene, and at the age of eighty, Sanatruces was made king of this empire by the Sacaraucae Scythians. The city of Nisa served as the burial ground of this empire's kings, who were descended from the Parni people. This empire agreed to open the Silk Road with their Chinese contemporaries, the Han, under King Mithridates II. Tigranes the Great took advantage of this empire's weakness to expand his own lands, and at the Battle of Golpayegan this empire's last ruler, Artabanus IV, was killed by the forces of Ardashir I. This empire's all cavalry army annihilated a Roman force at the Battle of Carrhae and killed Crassus, and earlier its founder, Arsaces, had proclaimed their independence from the Seleucids. For 10 points, name this Persian empire which often fought Rome and was defeated and succeeded by the Sassanids.
Output: History
Its fourth section introduces us to two women, the latter of whom, Vera, was a former mistress of this novel's protagonist. Another woman, whom the narrator acquired in exchange for stealing a horse, is the subject of the first section, "Bela. "  The aforementioned fourth section, "Princess Mary," ends with the protagonist's duel with Grushnisky, an eerie foreshadowing of the author's own death. The first two sections involve Maksim Maksimych, but all of the five tales in this novel feature the Byronic officer in the Caucasus, Pechorin. FTP, name this novel by Mikhail Lermontov.
Output: Literature
Karisini is an aspect of this deity associated with dung. This deity is associated with a white elephant named Sri-gaja, and the Atharva Veda describes two deities with this name, one good and one bad. According to the Puranas, this deity was the child of Brighu and Khyati, and the three fires are sometimes said to be the sons of this deity. When grouped with three similar deities, this figure is associated with the color red. The mount of this gold-skinned deity is the owl, and this figure can frequently be seen carrying a lotus flower. Avatars of this deity include Kamala, who was married to a dwarf, and Dharani, who was married to an ax-wielding figure. For ten points, name this Hindu goddess of good fortune who is the consort of Vishnu.
Output: Social Science
In one section, this work discusses a soldier who masters the concept of "contour" and is unable to define "contour" but is able to relate how he mastered it to argue that abstract concepts are not learned, and only the way in which the term is used is learned. This work claims that "specialist theories" can only be philosophically analyzed uniformly via a general vocabulary as part of its author's interpretation of "ordinary language". The logical cause and effect relationship between reason and action is expanded under an assumption of physicality into an infinite regression of prior actions, part of an extended criticism of the "type-error" or "category-mistake" which arises from applying perceptual definitions to non-perceptual mental processes. Describing a certain philosophy as relying on a "ghost in the machine", for 10 points, name this behaviorist-influenced attack on Cartesian dualism written by Gilbert Ryle.
Output: Social Science
This author of Three Essays on Religion wrote a treatise which explains the different sensations produced by drunkenly breaking dishware versus listening to classical music. Author of A System of Logic, he produced a political work which declares the idea of truth always triumphing a pleasant falsehood and establishes the harm principle. In another of his essays, he decries the conversion of a physical fact into a legal right and bemoans the survival of marriage as a form of legalized slavery, advocating the equality of the sexes. For ten points, name this author of Utilitarianism, On Liberty, and The Subjection of Women.
Output: Social Science
The losing side in this battle was accompanied by the recently exiled tyrant Hippias. This battle occurred after one side sacked Eretria as retribution for participating in the Ionian Revolt. That side's forces were legendarily driven to madness during this battle by the intervention of the god Pan. The peaceful festivities of Carnea delayed the arrival of one army to this battle, in which Datis and Artaphernes were defeated by (*) Miltiades. The Athenians defeated the first Persian invasion under Darius I in, for ten points, what battle that prompted Pheidippides to run 26.2 miles to deliver news of victory
Output: History
A recent John Adams piece fictionally claims that his father knew this man. His chamber works include From the Side Hill and The Other Side of Pioneering, while his Second Symphony ends with a chord nicknamed "the Bronx Cheer. "  Central Park in the Dark was written as a response to the "cosmic drama" of a better-known piece dominated by woodwinds seeking "the invisible answer. "  In addition to The Unanswered Question, he wrote a piano sonata with movements nicknamed for Emerson and Hawthorne, and the Alcotts. For 10 points, name this eclectic American composer of The Concord Sonata and Three Places in New England.
Output: Fine Arts
This author wrote about a rheumatic Count living in Naples who is mugged by a member of the criminal group Camorra in "Il Conde. " One of this writer's characters burns down his house on the Pantai River after his daughter Nina runs away with Dain Maroola. In one novel Mr. Jukes pacifies the Chinese passengers who had their silver dollars scattered across the hull of the Nan-Shan when Tom MacWhir navigates the ship through a storm. He wrote a novel ending when Winnie stabs her husband after Inspector Heat gets him to admit he trained Winnie's retarded brother Stevie to blow up the Greenwich Observatory. In addition to writing Typhoon and The Secret Agent he described Charles Gould entrusting Giovanni Fidanza to hide silver found in the San Tome mines of Costaguana in his novel Nostromo. For 10 points, name this writer who described Marlow going down the Congo to find Kurtz in Heart of Darkness.
Output: Literature
Son of the "Lord and Lady of Duality," this deity, one of the four "active" gods, is associated with the color white. He was pursued by a pack of quails along with his twin brother after the "Lord of the Sojourn of the Dead" was irked at his attempts to create a new race, and he had earlier helped his one-time (*) rival capture Cipactli, who bit off that rival's foot. The brother of the god of magicians, the psychopomp Xolotl, this god sprayed some bones with blood from his penis, creating humanity, whom he provided with a calendar and maize. A rival of Tezcatlipoca, FTP, identify this god, for whom Hernan Cortes was once mistaken, a feathered serpent deity supremely venerated by the Aztecs.
Output: Social Science
This composer's Song of Lamentation  was written during the final years of his study at the Vienna   Observatory. This composer of a song cycle based on poems by Friedrich Ruckert included cowbells  in his seventh symphony and three hammer blows in the fourth movement of his Tragic  symphony.  "The Two Blue Eyes of my Beloved" is the final movement in his Songs of a Wayfarer. Poems of Li Po  provide the basis for his Song of the Earth, while a version of "Frere Jacques" in a minor key features  in his Titan  symphony. Identify this composer of the Resurrection  symphony and the Symphony of a  Thousand.
Output: Fine Arts
This book's epilogue discusses the "urge to go further" by considering the disciple of Heraclitus who remarked that one cannot walk through the same river even once. In the preface, the author admires Descartes for refusing to "make it obligatory for everyone to doubt" and instead claiming that his method had significance only for him. The "Exordium" discusses the mother who has to blacken her breast to wean her child, and imagines a man who prefers that his son think him a monster rather than lose faith in God. Later sections include a "Preliminary Expectoration" and a series of "problema" which consider such questions as "Is there a Teleological Suspension of the Ethical"  FTP, name this work ostensibly written by Johannes di Silentio, a "dialectical lyric" which deals with the sacrifice of Isaac and was really penned by Soren Kierkegaard.
Output: Social Science
Several pictures by this artist used Adrianus Jacobus Zuyderland as a model, including a work   showing him dressed all in blue sitting in a chair with his head in his hands. In addition to that work,  sometimes called Sorrowing Old Man  and sometimes At Eternity's Gate, this artist painted a man   leaning on his right hand with a foxglove plant in front of him. This artist also showed a poor family  eating around a table with a small lamp hanging above. In addition to Portrait of Dr. Gachet  and  The Potato Eaters, this artist painted Starry Night. Name this artist who cut off part of his left ear.
Output: Fine Arts
The equilibrium value calculated from it is used in the chord-conductance equation, and its namesake is paired with Planck as the creator of a molar flux equation. Derivable from both the equation linking free energy change to reaction quotient and by the assumption that drift and diffusion are equal and opposite in its namesake's current density equation, it can be obtained from the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz voltage equation in the case of only one ion. Useful in concentration cells, its importance comes in the case of nonstandard cell potentials. Including Faraday's constant and the charge of the ions involved, FTP, name this central equation of electrochemistry, named for the winner of the 1920 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
Output: Science
One king of this name and number subdued rebellious forces in Argyll and gave up his claim to English land in the Peace of York; that ruler assisted the English barons in threatening King John. A pope of this name and number gave his blessing to William the Conquerers invasion of England. Another ruler of this name and number had ministers like Dmitry Milyutin and Pyotr Shuvalov, and that ruler suppressed the January uprising in Poland. That same ruler also sold Alaska to the United States and set up the zemstvo system. That tsar of this name and number ended the Crimean War after succeeding Nicholas I. For 10 points, give the name and number of the tsar who was assassinated by Peoples Will after earlier undertaking the 1861 emancipation of the serfs.
Output: History
The ABIS system computes values for this phenomenon, while a phenomenon opposing this one was studied by Van Vleck and has a temperature-independent version. Pascal's constants can be used to compute empirical values for this property. According to Langevin's model for this phenomenon, it can be explained as arising from Lenz's law, and this phenomenon is notably exhibited by bismuth and other substances with no unpaired electrons. The Meissner effect can be viewed as an extreme version of this phenomenon. FTP, name this phenomenon displayed by materials that generate an induced magnetic field which opposes the applied field, making it different than the opposing phenomenon of paramagnetism.
Output: Science
A maximum independent set for this data structure can be found in linear time by adding alternating levels. In this structure, any two vertices or nodes must be connected by a single simple path, and thus it is connected and acyclic. By using (*) union-find with disjoint sets, one type of this structure containing all the vertices of a connected graph can be constructed. One variety of this data structure can be used to easily implement a binary search. This structure also comes in red-black and self-balancing-binary varieties. For 10 points, identify this data structure from computer science, a hierarchical graph in which "leaf" nodes ultimately flow from a "root" node.
Output: Science
An important image for members of this faith depicts a man with his hands on his very narrow waist. The extended tradition of this religion includes wish-granting trees known as Kalpavrksa. An incantation known as the five-fold bow or the Namokar is the most important prayer of this religion. The most important text of this religion is called the Book of Reality, though it also had a now-lost text known as the Purvas. The Valabhi Council was a meeting that standardized the scriptures of this faith. This religion divides time into Kalcharkas, or cycles of decline and rise. This religion includes prophets named Arihantas, and the eight gunas are the attributes of those who have achieved kaivalya, where the soul is liberated from matter. Members of this faith are split over whether or not monks should wear clothes. Members of this faith practice ahimsa, or non-violence towards all living creatures. For ten points, name this pacifist, vegetarian religion of India.
Output: Social Science
Their final defeat came in 1258, when Hulagu Khan put the last ruler to death. For three centuries before that, they served only as figureheads, at the mercy of military commanders. With their capital at Baghdad, their glory days were in the eighth and ninth centuries, under the leadership of Abdullah al-Mamun and his father, Harun ar-Rashid. FTP, name the caliphate which overthrew the Umayyads in 750, descendants of the uncle of Mohammed.
Output: History
A musician from this country sings "I can't walk away / you can't walk away" on "Downtown" from the dreamily jazzy album Kaputt. Destroyer is from here, also home to a band that intones "when there is nothing left to burn, you have to set yourself on fire". Metallic clanging and the echoing of "I tremble" opens a song from this country, "Help I'm Alive". Stars and Metric are from here, whose Broken Social Scene included an indie pop artist who sings "oh you're changing your heart" in a track from The Reminder. An indie rock band from here repeats "every time you close your eyes, lies lies!" on the album Funeral. For 10 points, name this country home to Feist and Arcade Fire.
Output: Fine Arts
This mans advisors included the scholar Hayashi Razan and the soldier Ishikawa Kazumasa. This man came to prominence by seizing the lands of the Imagawa Clan, who had earlier held this member of the Matsudaira clan as a hostage. During the Komaki campaign, this man won the Battle of Nagakute. He was granted the Kanto Provinces for helping his predecessor defeat the Hojo clan. This man led the Council of Five Elders who served as regents for his predecessors son and, with the help of Kobayakawa Hideaki, this commander of the Eastern Army defeated Ishina Mitsunari to take power. For ten points, name this victor at Sekigahara and third unifier of Japan, who founded a namesake Shogunate.
Output: History
His works include "The Proustian theme in a letter from Keats to Benjamin Bailey" and a manual of French literature. Born in Paris in 1910, this son of an inn-keeping widower has two romantic encounters with a girl named Annabel at age 13. He spends his adulthood yearning for "nymphets" between nine and 14. FTP, name this lover of Dolores Haze, the man with a double cognomen in Vladimir Nabokov's Lolita.
Output: Literature
This man discussed his new general philosophy of science in general, of religion, work, management and called it a Weltanschauung in his 1971 work The Further Reaches of Human Nature, while he noted that a musician must make music, a artist must paint if he is to be ultimately at peace with himself in his work titled Motivation and Personality. After meeting Kurt Goldstein, he developed his most famous notion in Towards a Psychology of Being, stating that after physiological requirements are met, one must be emotionally fulfilled before reaching his or her full potential. Furthering the notion of self-actualization, this is, FTP, which American psychologist best remembered for his hierarchy of needs
Output: Social Science
The E major tempo d'attacco of this opera's Act III duet is followed by a cantabile in A-flat major and the C major cabaletta "Gran Dio! morir si giovane," and that cantabile is called "Parigi, o cara. " A melody first heard in an Act I duet on the words "Di quell'amor ch' palpito" reappears several times, once in the orchestra as the heroine reads a letter from her lover's father, once interrupting her cabaletta "Sempre libera," and once sung by the heroine herself in "Ah! fors' lui. " That act I duet, "Un di felice, eterea" is not as famous as the brindisi "Libiamo ne' lieti calici. " FTP, identify this opera about the love between Alfredo and the title "fallen woman," Violetta, a work of Giuseppe Verdi.
Output: Fine Arts
songs include an excerpt from his incidental music for Oedipus known as Music for a while, while his operas include ones based on the Fairy Queen and the King Arthur story. For 15 points, name this early British composer of the opera Dido and Aeneas.
Output: Fine Arts
One character in this novel thinks "The great revelation had never comeInstead there were little daily miracles, illuminations, matches struck in the dark. " Another character in this novel covers a boar's head with a green shawl to protect her daughter from nightmare. That character's husband walks around reciting "The Charge of the Light Brigade. " Prue dies in childbirth and Andrew is killed by a shell in this novel's second section "Time Passes. " Minta Doyle and Paul Rayley marry at the behest of this novel's central character, unlike William Bankes and the painter Lily Briscoe. For 10 points, name this novel set in the Hebrides in which Cam and James accompany Mr. Ramsay on his journeys to the title location, a work of Virginia Woolf.
Output: Literature
In one lecture, this thinker described his resolution of a debate about a man chasing a squirrel around a tree. This man wrote an essay that describes a reasonable way to think something is true without proper evidence called ""The Will to Believe. "" This man contracted to write a textbook that resulted in his writing the two-volume work, (*) The Principles of Psychology. For 10 points, name this American philosopher who used the work of Charles Sanders Peirce (""purse"") to develop the philosophy of pragmatism.
Output: Social Science
One holiday from this country began after a poet drowned himself in a river and involves the eating of a food bound in leaves and wrapped with string. The graves of ancestors are visited in early April during the Clear and Bright Festival of this country. This country often employs lanterns and the color (*) red in its celebrations. Cakes named after a celestial body are eaten during lunar holidays of this country from which dragon boat races originate. This country's most prominent holiday involves the giving out of red bags of money. That holiday is the New Year of, for 10 points, what country with a twelve animal zodiac
Output: Social Science