niryuu/sni-each-converted huggingface dataset:
One variety of this economic concept arises from maximizing utility within a fixed budget, and another arises from setting a target level of utility and minimizing cost. Those are elated to each other by the Slutsky equation and are known as its Marshallian and Hicksian forms. In macroeconomics, this is equal to the sum of consumer spending, government spending, private investment, and net exports, called its aggregate form. For 10 points, identify this economic concept which describes the willingness of consumers to pay a price for a good or service, often paired with supply.
Output: Social Science
The part of his contextual theory of knowledge that he dubbed the "right to be sure" made him, along with Roderick Chisholm, one of the two examples set out at the start of Edmund Gettier's paper on justified true belief. This man's essay "Replies" posits that he could debunk the statement "Caesar is a human" by naming his dog "Caesar," and he also wrote a book of responses to Charles Sanders Peirce and William James entitled The Origins of Pragmatism. His major work begins by proclaiming "the elimination of metaphysics" and goes on to adopt an emotivist approach to moral statements, arguing that any propositions which transcend sensory reality are meaningless. For 10 points, name this British philosopher whose epistemological verificationism is found in Language, Truth and Logic.
Output: Social Science
In the late 19th century, this country saw a civil war known as the Revolution of the Lances, and its 20th century history saw the rise of the Battlista party, founded by Jose Battle y Ordonez. This country's independence was achieved as the result of the efforts of the Blandengues, led by Jose Artigas. Following indedpendence, this country saw a "Great War," a power struggle between supporters of Jose Rivera and Manuel Oribe known as the Colorados and the Blancos, respectively, and together with Argentina and Brazil, this nation formed the Triple Alliance that battled Paraguay in the war of the same name. First explored by Juan Diaz de Solis and originally known as the Banda Oriental, for ten points, identify this South American country with capital at Montevideo.
Output: History
He's not William the Conqueror, but this man compiled his law code in a "Doom Book." This king was attacked at Chippenham by an enemy who later became his godson. According to Bishop Asser, his biographer, after this king defeated Guthram at Eddington, he and Guthram signed the Treaty of Wedmore, and the latter confined his Vikings beyond Watling Street, in the Danelaw. This king supposedly [*] translated many theological works, such as St. Augustine's Soliloquies, into Anglo-Saxon. For 10 points, name this king of Wessex and first king of a united England, the only one known as "the Great."
Output: History
The Kullback-Leibler divergence can be used to rewrite an expression due to this man, which can be proven by Jensens inequality and extended to Fanos inequality. With Marangoni he names an effect arising from surface tension differences, while he also lends his name to the increased error of a Fourier series near a jump discontinuity, and with Duhem names an equation giving a relationship between chemical potential changes. Bakhuis Roozeboom verified a rule named after him which states that the number of chemical components minus the degrees of freedom plus two is the number of phases, his namesake phase rule. For 10 points, name this American scientist, who also has a namesake free energy
Output: Science
In a work by this man, Prosperine is the secretary of James Morell, and that work sees Eugene Marchbanks declare his love to the title character. His other works include one in which George Crofts and Frank Gardner both want to marry one central character. In another of his works, Raina Petkoff marries her "chocolate cream soldier," Captain Bluntschli. Another work by this playwright of Candida features characters like Colonel Pickering, and centers on Henry Higgins' bet that he can purify Eliza Doolittle's speech. For 10 points, name this playwright of Arms and the Man, and Mrs. Warren's Profession, Major Barbara, and Pygmalion.
Output: Literature
This being's posessions include his altar Samantacakpaka, his arrow Naga-Pasa, and his sword Asi, and he is sometimes depicted wearing a black antelope skin. This god became so angry at the Four Munis, who were praying rather than doing their work, that he created Rudra. The Ramayana claims that this being was originally a boar, and one story tells of how he lusted for Sandhya after the birth of Kama, despite Sandhya being his daughter. This god, who sprouted additional heads so he could look at his wife, may have emerged from the Narayana, a golden egg. He rides Hansa the goose and his consort is Sarisvati. For 10 points, name this Hindu good associated with creation.
Output: Social Science
This concept arose out of a participant observation study of a cult that believed that the earth was going to be destroyed by a flood. The prototypical experiment demonstrating it involved a bribe of one or twenty dollars to bribe a confederate into undergoing a specific task and then gauging impressions from an initial set of students. That experiment was set up by J. Merrill Carlsmith and Leon Festinger, who first proposed it. FTP, name this theory that describe a state in which individuals must choose between attitudes and behaviors that are contradictory and claims that individuals often change their attitudes to justify their behavior
Output: Social Science
Having fought in the Chaco War, this man served as commander-in-chief of his nation's armed forces from 1951-54, and in 1954 he ousted President Frederico Chavez. Nicknamed Colonel Trunk, he essentially ruled as a totalitarian, and membership in his Colorado Party was a requirement for most jobs. His country became notorious for its illegal trade, drug trafficing, and harboring of NAZI war criminals, and in 1989 he was ousted by so-called "traditionalists" led by Andres Rodriguez. FTP, who was this son of a German immigrant, the long-time president of Paraguay
Output: History
One action during this conflict involving the US Eighth Army and X Corps was known as the Home by Christmas Offensive. This war saw the largest humanitarian rescue by a single ship occur, which was captained by Leonard LaRue and led to the SS Meredith Victory being known as the ""Ship of Miracles. "" Also known as the 6-2-5 War, this war included the Battles of Onjong, Changjin Reservoir, and Inchon. Described as a police action, for 10 points, name his 1950-1953 war that led to the creation of two nations on its namesake peninsula.
Output: Fine Arts
A man involved in this event dubbed himself "Mr. John Johnson," and many involved in this event were captured by Richard Walsh. Several others participants in this event were eventually killed or captured at Holbeach House. Oswald Tesimond related news of this to Father Henry Garnet, who was executed for being aware of this event, and Everard Digby, Ambrose Rokewood, and Robert Catesby were plotters in this event, but it was betrayed by Francis Tresham to Lord Monteagle before it could be carried out. FTP, name this plot to assassinate James I that was with explosives prepared by Guy Fawkes.
Output: History
country's plight was represented symbolically in a depiction of Roman soldiers dragging gladiators off the field of battle painted by Juan Luna and called the Spoliarium. Its independence was advocated in the newspaper La solidaridad which was run by Galicano Apacible and other members of its Propaganda Movement. A battle sometimes known as the "Thermopylae" of this place occurred at Tirad Pass and saw the death of Gregorio del Pilar. Members of its Katipunan society tore up their mandatory documents in an event known as the Cry of Balintawak, which was led by Andres Bonafacio. Another of its leaders was captured by Frederick Funston after working in concert with George Dewey during the Spanish American War. For 10 points, name this island nation led by Emilio Aguinaldo.
Output: History
One potential issue with these objects can be obviated with the tortoise-and-hare algorithm or Floyds circle-finding algorithm, which is a linear-time procedure for finding loops. The amortized runtime for most operations on these structures can be reduced by building an array on each container, or by building-up from one of these a multi-level parallel series of them; those are the techniques of unrolling and skip creation. If the ends of these are protected with self-referential containers called sentinels, they are not prone to cause addressing faults, which usually result from moving past the end. Uni-directional iterators were created to work with these data structures, which are commonly implemented as objects containing a value and a pointer to an object of the same kind. For ten points, name these data structures idealized as series of chained nodes.
Output: Science
The title character of his last unfinished novel falls in love with Agnes de Saverne and struggles with the villainous Baron de la Motte. The title character of his last finished novel is left penniless after his father, Brand Firmin, loses his fortune and flees to America, after which his cousin Agnes Twysden rejects him. In addition to Denis Duval and The Adventures of Philip, he wrote such Christmas books as The Rose and the Ring and a novel about an Irish adventurer, Barry Lyndon. FTP, name this Victorian novelist of The Newcomes, The History of Henry Esmond, and Vanity Fair.
Output: Literature
A brown-and-white dog stands at the bank of a small river in the foreground of this work, while a white-walled building with a peaked roof and a brick chimney sits on the left in front of copse which ends near the centerline of the canvas. The trees are now gone, but the building, owned by Willy Lott, survives almost unaltered to this day. It did not attract attention until displayed in France, where it was praised by Gericault. Depicting a scene in the River Stour in Suffolk, two black horses wading in the river pull the title object, which carries two men. FTP, name this 1821 painting by John Constable, which shares its name with a triptych by Hieronymous Bosch.
Output: Fine Arts
He expounded his views on agapasm, synechism, and tychism in a series of articles published in The Monist that included "Man's Glassy Essence". In "Some Consequences of Four Incapacities" he argued against Cartesian skepticism, though his best known articles appeared in the Popular Science Monthly starting in 1877 and included "The Fixation of Belief" and "How to Make Our Ideas Clear". FTP, name this American philosopher, a pioneer of semiotics who founded the philosophical movement known as pragmatism.
Output: Social Science
We see her contented childhood in The Bridal Wreath, but she marries unhappily in The Mistress of Husaby. In The Cross, the final volume of the trilogy concerning her, her husband is killed and she enters a convent, where she dies in 1349 of the Black Plague. FTP, identify this title character of three historical novels set in medieval Norway, for which the Nobel Prize in 1928 was awarded to Sigrid Undset.
Output: Literature
In one ballet by this composer, Danilo is shown the title object by the Mistress of the Copper Mountain. In another ballet by him, music for grasshoppers and dragonflies comes between the variations for the Summer Fairy and Autumn Fairy. In one ballet by him, an "Aubade" if followed by the "Dance of the Girls with Lilies". One ballet by this composer of The Stone Flower features the sisters Skinny and Dumpy. Jascha Heifetz arranged for violin and piano a "March" from one of this composer's operas. In that opera by him, the magician Tchelio loses a card game to Fata Morgana, who curses the Prince with the title obsession. In one of his ballets, the "Dance of the Knights" depicts the tension between the Montagues and Capulets. For 10 points, name this Russian composer of the ballets Cinderella and Romeo and Juliet and the opera The Love for Three Oranges.
Output: Fine Arts
This man got into the army despite his poor eyesight by allegedly memorizing the eyechart before he took the test, and he once lost an election for county judge due to influence of the KKK. Among the acts passed over his veto were one that provided for the use of concentration camps "for emergency reasons" and another that he claimed "would deprive workers of vital protection"; those were the McCarran Act and the Taft-Hartley Act. The Chicago Tribune erroneously claimed that he had been defeated by Thomas Dewey. FTP, name this president from Missouri, who among other things ordered the atomic bombs dropped on Japan, and started the Korean War.
Output: History
This mans early lectures were published under Lectures of Jurisprudence, while also published posthumously was a work describing the history of Astronomy, Ancient Physics, and Ancient Logic, titled Essays of Philosophical Subjects. He attempted to describe the principles of human nature in his The Theory of Moral Sentiments, but he is best remembered for detailing the societal effects of the invisible hand. For 10 points, name this Scottish political economist who wrote The Wealth of Nations.
Output: Social Science
This man gives his name, along with that of Francis Sears, to a process in ultrasonic imaging for which the acoustic wavefronts act as optical gratings to diffract the light on either side of the central spot. The distance over which charge carriers in plasmas exclude electric fields via his namesake shielding is also known as his namesake length. With an assistant later famous in his own right for his rule for determining whether ring molecules would show aromatic properties, he developed a mathematical expression to explain characteristics of electrolytic solutions, the famous equation named for him and Erich Hckel. FTP name this man who also gives his name to the SI unit defined as about 3.3 x 10-30 Coulomb meters, which measures the molecular dipole moment.
Output: Science
When put in the momentum equation, this quantity is represented mathematically as two times capital omega cross v. When the Rossby number equals one, the net acceleration is due to this quantity, as gravitational and centripetal accelerations cancel. The Beta Effect describes the variation in this quantity with (*) latitude, such that it is zero at the equator and a maximum at the poles. For 10 points, name this weak force caused by the rotation of the Earth, which contrary to myth does not actually make toilets flush in different directions in different hemispheres.
Output: Science
Indian tribes exclusive to this state like the Nansemond and Nottoway are not among its only two reservations that are held by the Mattaponi and the Pamunkey. This American state has the counties of Prince Edward, Brunswick, and Halifax, all of which predate Canada. Its highest point is Mount Rogers. The state flag of this place has a toga-clad man standing on the chest of a fallen toga-man atop this state's state motto. Historic sites on the Historic Triangle of this state can be found in a part of this state that holds cities such as Poquoson and Newport News, the Hampton Roads area. This Old Dominion state contains Shenandoah National Park. For 10 points, name this state home to Charlottesville and Richmond.
Output: Social Science
The Supersemar order led to the massacre of thousands of Communist in this nation, which was directed by the future leader of the Golkar Party. That occurred after the 30 September movement, which indirectly caused the rise of the man who was later succeeded by Jusuf Habibie. Although neither the Linggarjati Agreement nor the Renville Agreement could bring peace in this nation, it ultimately secured its independence at the Hague Round-Table Conference. The five principles of Pancasila and the abbreviation NASAKOM were concepts related to the leader of the non-aligned movement from this nation, and the Bandung Conference occurred here. For 10 points, name this Asian country whose leaders included Megawati, Suharto, and Sukarno, the most populous Muslim nation.   
Output: History
Throughout its production, this opera had three different versions and four different overtures. Set in a Spanish political prison, the plot centers around the governor of the prison, Don Pizarro, antagonizing the wrongfully incarcerated Florestan. Florestans wife, Leonore, disguises herself as the titular prison guard in a heroic attempt to rescue him. FTP name this only opera of Ludwig van Beethoven.
Output: Fine Arts
When TFEB translocates to the nucleus, it results in a corresponding increase in the number of these organelles. A glycosphingolipid in this organelle, iGb3, is necessary for the production of natural killer cells. P-type lectins direct enzymes that have been tagged with mannose-6-phosphate to this organelle. Christian Rene de Duve discovered this organelle after centrifuging liver cells and discovering an abnormally high amount of acid phosphatase. Malfunction of this organelle can lead to a buildup of gangliosides in Tay-Sachs disease. For 10 points, name these organelles that perform autophagy by digesting unneeded or excess cellular materials.
Output: Science
Its author used William Jones as a source in his claims that virtue and holiness does not proceed from reflection. According to this work, all objects of perception must follow a four form principle: the physical form, the mathematical form, the logical form, and the moral form. Reality is an object in the mind of the subject, a perception of the perceiver. Reality is also determined by will, which is not governed by the principle of sufficient reason. FTP, these concepts are purported in what book which dichotomizes reality by Arthur Schopenhaur
Output: Social Science
It has been called The Helen of Geometers, because it often caused quarrels among 17th century mathematicians. First studied by Nicholas of Cusa and named by Galileo, it is an example of a roulette curve. It is related to the epitrochoid and hypotrochoid curves, which can be constructed using a Spirograph toy. The solution to both the (*) tautochrone and brachistochrone problems, its area is 3 times that of the generating circle, and its length is 4 times the diameter of the generating circle. FTP, name this curve traced by a fixed point on the edge of a circle rolling along a straight line.
Output: Science
One work by this composer in the twelve-tone method uses only ten notes for the tone row and the other two notes for cadences. This composer of Piano Fantasy was commissioned by Benny Goodman to write a clarinet concerto. Another work by this composer that is scored for only brass and percussion begins with the ascending notes G C G played by trumpets. Martha Graham choreographed a work by this composer that includes the Shaker hymn "Simple Gifts" and centers on newlyweds in Pennsylvania who build a house. For 10 points, name this American composer of Fanfare for the Common Man and the ballet Appalachian Spring.
Output: Fine Arts
A viscous fluid and an elastic spring connected in series characterizes this scientist's namesake model of viscoelasticity. Equating the second mixed partial derivatives of each of the four thermodynamic potentials is the derivation of the set of fundamental thermodynamic equations named for this scientist. This scientist proposed a thought experiment in which high velocity (*) gas particles accumulate selectively on one side of a divided container, violating the 2nd law of thermodynamics. This man names another set of equations that can be used to derive the wave equation for an electromagnetic wave. For 10 points, Gauss's laws, Faraday's law, and Ampere's law are the 4 fundamental equations of electromagnetism named for what scientist, who also theorized a namesake "demon"
Output: Science
This element was never present in the Canyon Diablo Troilite, which is why that body defines the origin for plotting the geochron. Ratios between isotopes of a daughter nuclide of this element were used by Clair Patterson to date the Earth. This element was the cause of reactions in the Oklo mine in Gabon. This element forms only in the r-process, and one of the main reasons the age of the galaxy is so imprecisely known is its uncertain production ratio relative to (*) Thorium in supernova emissions. Its decay to lead-206 and 207 is used in a radiometric dating scheme. Its 235 isotope is the only naturally-occurring fissile isotope. For 10 points, name this actinide, the heaviest naturally-occurring element.
Output: Science
The action centers around a young soldier whose mother keeps a wineshop in the village square. When he went away to serve in the army he was betrothed to Lola, but on his return he found her married to Alfio, the teamster. The soldier, Turiddu, having thus lost Lola, consoled himself by making love to another village girl, Santuzza. Before long he betrayed, then abandoned her, transferring his affections back to Lola. Alfio kills Turiddu in a duel and Mamma Lucia and Santuzza faint. This summarizes the action in, FTP, what 1890 opera by Pietro Mascagni
Output: Fine Arts
In this novel, the protagonist's wife is raped by Phil Connor, and the protagonist's final job in this novel is at Tommy Hind's hotel. Mike Scully's War-Whoop League provides political favor to impoverished workers in this novel. This novel begins with the traditional Lithuanian Veselija wedding feast in which Ona and the protagonist, Jurgis Rudkus, are married in Packingtown. For 10 points, name this novel by Upton Sinclair that graphically described Chicago's meat industry.
Output: Literature
The receptors of this compound interact with the drugs sumatriptan [soo- mah-TRIP-tahn] and zolmitriptan. Carcinoid tumors release this compound, which is metabolized into 5-hydroxy-indole-acetic acid. This compound is structurally similar to tryptamine with a hydroxyl group at the five position. This compound is synthesized by neurons in the raphe [REY-fee] nuclei, but 90% of it is located in entero-chromaffin cells. For 10 points, name this neurotransmitter whose re-uptake is selectively inhibited by Zoloft, Prozac, and other anti-depressants known as SSRIs.
Output: Science
This man composed a Grand Duo for piano and cello based on Meyerbeer's opera Robert the Devil, and eight of this man's works make up the Mikhael Folkine ballet blanc "Les Sylphides," and another work contains three repetitions of a D-flat Major melody interrupted by one in C sharp minor and is entitled "Raindrop," This man's second piano sonata alludes to Beethoven's 32nd sonata and is nicknamed "Funeral March," and the left hand rapidly plays a sequence of harmonic minor scales in "Revolutionary Etude. " Most famous for his preludes and nocturnes, for 10 points, identify this Polish-French composer of the "Minute Waltz. "
Output: Fine Arts
Among the ethnic groups that predominate on the coast of this country are the Tsimihety and the Sakalava as well as one that claims descent from the pirate Ratsimilaho, the Betsimisaraka. A groundbreaking study by Otto Dahl concluded that the dominant language in this country shares much of its vocabulary with the Maanjan language of the Barito River Valley. This country's central highlands include tribal groups descended from East Africans as well as culturally dominant groups such as the Betsileo and the Merina, the latter of which controlled a namesake kingdom that was ended by the French in the Franco-Hova War. One member of the Merina ethnic group, Marc Ravalomanana, was deposed in a March 2009 political crisis. This country also saw ethnic controversy throughout the 1970s as coastal elites tried to replace the French language with the Austronesian language Malagasy. FTP, identify this country located on the fourth-largest island in the world.
Output: Social Science
One of the works of this composer begins with a syncopated chromatic scale from the strings, ending on the remote chord of A flat minor, before launching into the C major Allegro ma non troppo exposition, which is partly based on Symphony No. 7 of Sibelius. One of his choral works, themed around a radical leap of faith, begins in Gregorian chant, while in the second section an oboe solo accompanies the chorus in their now polyphonic chant, "Thou Art Unchanging. " In addition to Symphony in One Movement and Prayers of Kierkegaard, he wrote a concerto for flute, oboe, and trumpet named for the zodiacal month when he could see the aurora from home, (*) Capricorn Concerto. Better-known works are a series of 10 choral pieces including "Promiscuity," "A Monk & His Cat," & "Longings of an Eremite," the Hermit Songs, a work inspired by Prometheus Unbound, this composer's Setting for a Scene from Shelley, and an opera where David, Geraldine, Bill, & Sally play the title game, A Hand of Bridge. FTP name this American composer of Revenge of Medea, Vanessa, and a piece in B Flat later recast as an Agnus Dei, his Adagio for Strings.
Output: Fine Arts
This figure owned a three-cornered spear with a wolf on the blade, a bruin on the tip, and a colt on the shaft, which he used to lay low a bear that had been sent to ravage his lands. He once found a crying boat and consoled it by outfitting it as a great warship. This man consulted the sleeping giant Antero Vipunen to discover the lost words he once sought in the underworld. This man once forced one rival neck-deep into a bog and thus won the hand of Aino, who drowned herself rather than marry this man. He built a kantele of pike bones and can perform magic by singing. For ten points, name this steadfast old man and primary hero of the Kalevala.
Output: Social Science
This hero's wife murdered his illegitimate son Chrysippus, the lover of the Theban king Laius. A lover of Poseidon, he married his daughter Eurydice to Perseus' son Electryon. This man passed a curse on to the House of Atreus because he treacherously hurled a son of Hermes off a cliff. This king of Pisa won (*) Hippodamia's hand by having Myrtilus rig a chariot race against King Oenomaus. The Olympians gave this man an ivory shoulder after re-attaching the body parts cooked into a meal by his father. For 10 points, name this son of Tantalus who legendarily lent his name to the peninsula containing Sparta.
Output: Social Science
A messenger is sent to inform the title character of "an unholy, horrible thing" in this work. A command to "not unstop the wineskin's neck" convinces one character in this work to visit the title character. The title character extracts an oath from that infertile king, Aegeus, which allows the title character to give "a dress / of soft weave and a coronet of beaten gold" to another character in this story, as well as pursue an action that the nurse had previously criticized, wondering "Babes, with their father's sin Why call thy curse on these" That dress was made with poison which causes the deaths of the king of Corinth, Creon, and his daughter, Glauce. For 10 points, what is this Euripides tragedy that sees the title character kill her children to enact revenge on her husband, Jason
Output: Literature
Ostwald ripening is a consequence of this quantity's dependence on particle size. This quantity is plotted against temperature in an Ellingham diagram, and the Margules and van Laar equations relate this quantity to the activity coefficient. Phillips and Williams modified a diagram plotting this quantity over the Faraday constant against the oxidation state, the (*) Frost diagram. The Flory-Huggins interaction parameter appears in a namesake expression giving the "partial molar" value of this quantity, also generally referred to as chemical potential. It is equivalent to the work done under constant pressure and temperature, and this quantity "of formation" is negative for thermodynamically stable compounds. For 10 points, give this thermodynamic quantity, whose change is equal to the change in enthalpy minus the product of temperature and the change in entropy, which is named after an American scientist.
Output: Science
A quartet of these instruments respond to the trumpet's five-note query in Ives' The Unanswered Question. 19th century orchestras used the conical-bore Meyer version of this instrument, which was created as a reaction to a system created by Theobald Boehm. A physical property of platinum lends its name to Varese's work for this instrument titled Density 21.5. Walter Piston wrote a ballet about an "Incredible" player of this instrument, and Vivaldi wrote the concerti La Notte and Il Gardelino for it. Contemporary musicians who play this instrument include Jean Pierre Rampal and James Galway. For 10 points, name this woodwind instrument whose diminutive relative is the piccolo.
Output: Fine Arts
The duct of Wirsung is found in this organ which secretes zymogens that transform into the majority of digestive enzymes. Besides secreting a form of amylase and lipase from its acinar cells, this compound gland is easily affected by acetylcholine and CCK. Attached to the duodenum, for ten points, is what insulin-secreting gland, site of the islets of Langerhans
Output: Science
Those killed during it included the Wereth Eleven. Beginning with assaults on the Losheim Gap and the Elsenborn Ridge, one branch of it involved the capture of a supply depot at Bullingen, resulting in a battle at Baugnez that devolved into the Malmedy massacre. Paratrooper operations included Operation Stosser, while the man behind Operation Panzerfaust returned to run Operation Grief, a disinformation campaign that led to his proclamation as the most dangerous man in Europe. General Anthony McAuliffe gave his famous reply of Nuts! to demands that his encircled 101st Airborne Division surrender at Bastogne and Otto Skorzeny impersonated American soldiers at, for ten points, what final German offensive of World War Two
Output: History
An archaic form of this resource was implemented by Bell Labs using a piggyback twistor. A more recent form of this resource that was created using chalcogenide glass is named for the property of phase-changes. The access latency for this resource can be reduced by using a translation-lookaside buffer, as one can avoid looking up things in a page table entry. A redundant organization of this resource is performed by (*) RAID. The top of a "hierarchy" of this resource contains processor registers and cache. It can be divided into volatile and non-volatile, the latter of which includes hard drives. For 10 points, name this resource that is used for data storage, an example of which is RAM.
Output: Science
A besa, suspending all blood feuds in this nation, had to be called before the Congress of Lushnje could be held after World War I, declaring an end to the Durres Government. Thousands of kilograms of gold were held by the British from this country following a mine attack on British ships in an event known as the Corfu Channel Incident, and this country saw the "Purge of the Liberals" and a purge of the military under Mehmet Shehu, whose family was killed after his suicide in 1981. When this country's communist regime fell, its only remaining communist contacts were Laos, Vietnam, and North Korea, as relations with China had cooled over a proposed rapprochement with this country's neighbor, Yugoslavia. In 1997, anarchy spurred an Italian-led peacekeeping mission in, for 10 points, what formerly autarkic Balkan nation which was led until 1985 by Enver Hoxha
Output: History
This books epigraph cites First Corinthians, and argues "that which thou sowest is not quickened, except it die. " In its eleventh chapter, Mrs. Dickinson predicts a coming holocaust during the farewell party for John Thompson, whose final words are eliminate the vermin. Set in the village of Thabai, this novel ends with Gikonyo reuniting with Mumbi, and shares similar subject matter to its authors earlier novel The River Between. Its main conflict results from the slaying of the brutal District Officer Tom Robson by Kihika, a resistance leader who is hanged after being betrayed to the British by Mugo. Written after its authors conversion to the Marxist ideas of Franz Fanon, FTP, name this novel set during the Mau Mau Rebellion by Ngugi wa Thiongo.
Output: Literature
This works chapter on Devout Observances begins with a caveat that the truth and beauty of the anthropomorphic cults considered are of too grave import to find a place in so slight a sketch. It describes the coercive factors of industrial exemption in a chapter on The Conservation of Archaic Traits. It calls gambling another subsidiary trait of the barbarian temperament in The Belief in Luck. Hailed as social satire by Howells, this work introduced the term for attempting to surpass a neighbor in wealth status, pecuniary emulation. Focusing on the titular economically useless group, FTP name this work that coined the term conspicuous consumption, written by Thorstein Veblen.
Output: Social Science
man argued against American annexation of the Philippines in his speech "The Paralyzing Influence of Imperialism. " A political cartoon depicted him as a snake swallowing a donkey. He founded a magazine which promoted Progressive viewpoints called The Commoner. His opposition to the U. S. 's handling of the Lusitania affair prompted his resignation as Secretary of State under Woodrow Wilson. This man lost to William Howard Taft in the election of 1908, and had earlier won the nominations of the Populist and Democratic Parties in 1896 after a speech in favor of bimetallism. For 10 points, name this prosecutor in the Scopes Monkey Trial who gave the "Cross of Gold" speech.
Output: History
At one point in this play, two characters debate God's Law and listen to the song of the reapers out in the field. The First Act ends with an elderly person being locked up while yelling about love "by the shore of the sea! " It is prefaced by a note from the author identifying this work as a "photographic document" and opens with a servant reflecting on her thirty years of service to a household run with an iron fist. That character later discusses her first encounter with a man nicknamed "the Shortailed" in an effort to cheer up her mistresses. Completed two years after another work by the same author concerning motherhood, this work's final act sees the maid Poncia guess the truth about the youngest sister's doomed love affair with the fiance of her older sibling, Pepe el Romano. This work ends with a suicide and the oppressive title figure yelling "Silence" at her four remaining daughters, including Angustias and Magdelena. For 10 points, identify this tragedy subtitled "A Drama about Women in the Villages of Spain," a work by Frederico Garcia Lorca. 
Output: Literature
This river falls 72 feet at the rapids of the Khone Falls, and its floodwaters often reverse the flow of the Tonle Sap River, which flows into it during the dry season. From its marshy source in the Rup-sa Pass of Tibet it rises as the Za Qu River, flowing generally south through Yunnan Province before reaching the major port Phnom Penh and forming much of Laos' border with Myanmar and Thailand. Known for its great delta, FTP, what is this major river of southeast Asia
Output: Social Science
This man served as a naval captain for the Rio Grande de Sul, and earned fame for his performance at the battle of Sant'Antonio in a war against Juan Manuel de Rosas. He would later come to defend the Papal States from an attack by the French, which included a failed charge on Janiculum Hill. On a notable journey, his forces took Milazzo and Calabria before emerging victorious at Volturno River; during that journey, this man subdued Naples and conquered the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies with his Army of Thousand. For 10 points, identify this military leader during the Risorgimento who led the Redshirts.
Output: History
Von Gierke's disease, which results in hyper uricemia and xanthoma formation, occurs due to the accumulation of this substance. Insulin acts as an inhibitor to GSK3 which phosphorylates an enzyme in its synthesis, while a unique enzyme necessary to its synthesize has a alpha-1,6 branch is simply called "branching enzyme. " The protein involved in its synthesis has a tyr-194 residue with catalytic activity and forms an octamer by successive addition of UDP glucose molecules, and its breakdown sees the cleavage of a 1,4-alpha glycosidic bond. For 10 points, identify this polymer which is the form used for storing glucose in the liver.
Output: Science
One character in this novel is initially uninterested in Riemann surface tennis and obstacle golf, and loses social standing when the protagonist refuses to appear before the Arch-Community Songster. Beginning with an explanation of the Bokanovsky Technique, this novel focuses on dissatisfied characters like Helmholtz Watson, who is exiled by World Controller Mustapha Mond. Its protagonist commits suicide after being seen whipping himself by Lenina and had earlier caused a riot among Deltas by throwing away their soma. Named for a line from The Tempest, FTP, name this novel in which Bernard Marx brings John the Savage to the World State, a dystopia by Aldous Huxley.
Output: Literature
His friend William Van Ness published an "Examination" of some charges against him under the pseudonym of Aristides. While in Philadelphia he met secretly with Anthony Merry, whose superiors refused this man's proposals. After taking a partial interest in the Bastrop grant on the Washita River, he received support from Harman Blennerhassatt. He was defended by Luther Martin when he was put on trial in Richmond, but John Marshall ruled that only an overt act would constitute the "levying" of war mentioned in the Constitution. FTP, name this vice president under Thomas Jefferson who was tried for treason and who fought a duel with Alexander Hamilton.
Output: History
Coombs tests detect these bodies bound to erythrocytes, and a technique that uses these entities is ELISA. These molecules have a namesake fold, in which two beta sheets are held together by amino acid charges. These adaptable molecules can somatically recombine in a process called V(D)J recombination and are also capable of changing isotype by altering conformation of their heavy chains. Like enzymes, they operate via a a so-called "lock-and-key" mechanism, as verified by Linus Pauling. FTP, name these characteristically y-shaped immune molecules exploited in vaccination and produced by B cells in response to specific antigens.
Output: Science
It is connected to the inferior vena cava by Cantlie's line and positioned at the bottom right side of the falciform ligament. Located on its walls are tubular structures called the ducts of Luschka, which drain into it, until it eventually contracts and empties upon the release of the hormone CCK by the duodenum. A common disorder that affects this organ is cholelithiasis [KO-lay-lith-EYE-uh-suss], which occurs when salts or cholesterols build up into crystalline deposits. FTP, name this small organ that is located next to the liver and has the primary function of storing bile.
Output: Science
This man killed Agenor and his army of two hundred when they attempted to stop his wedding. He was raised by the fisherman Dictys, whom he made ruler of the island of Seriphus. While participating in some funeral games, this man accidentally struck and killed his grandfather Acrisius with a discus. (*) Polydectes, in an attempt to marry his mother Danae, sent this man on a quest, during which he received a magic wallet from Hermes, a helm of invisibility from Hades, and a reflective shield from Athena. After killing a mortal sister of Stheno and Euryale, this man married the princess Andromeda. For ten points, name this Greek hero who slew the Gorgon Medusa.
Output: Social Science
When bonded to Iodine, this element can react with alkenes to form cyclopropanes in the Simmons-Smith reaction. In the Clemmensen reduction, an amalgamate of this element is reacted with hydrochloric acid to form alkanes. Ions of this element are bonded to residues of cysteine and histidine in "treble clefs" and "gag knuckles", which can recognize DNA and package RNA, functions of this element's namesake fingers. This metal is utilized in the galvanization of steel, and pennies made after 1982 are mostly comprised of this metal. For 10 points, name this element with atomic number 30, which can combine with copper to form brass.
Output: Science
In one of this author's short stories, a girl hides a suicide note in a French literature exam and, along with Cynthia, comes back to haunt the narrator. This author of "The Vane Sisters" compared writing fiction to composing a chess problem in his memoir Speak, Memory. He created a prisoner who does not know when he is to be killed for the fictitious crime of "gnostical turpitude", Cincinnatus C, in Invitation to a Beheading. In his magnum opus, the title character is described as "light of my life, fire of my loins" by the narrator, who shoots Clare Quilty. For 10 points, name this author who described Humbert Humbert's sexual obsession with Dolores Haze in Lolita.
Output: Literature
A reference to the authors cousin, who died in childbirth, may be seen in the fourth one, which notes the boy with the brown, squinting, eyes, and that fourth one begins O trees of life, O when are you wintering The tenth and last ends by remarking on the emotion that almost dismays us when a joyful thing falls, while the first opens by asking Who, if I cried out, would hear me among the Angelic Orders For 10 points, name these poems, completed around the same time as the authors Sonnets to Orpheus, a set of ten elegies by the German poet Rainer Maria Rilke.
Output: Literature
book uses the examples of a woman with four suitors and Toscanini's retirement from the Symphony of the Air to argue that one has no right to any say in decisions which others have the right to make in its section "Having a Say Over What Affects You. " It notes that orchestra members are "ordered about by their conductor" and suggests that the relationship between subordination and low self esteem may be correlative rather than causative in "Meaningful Work. " In addition to defending moral "side constraints" it argues for the superiority of "filter devices" as opposed to "design devices "and presents a (*) thought experiment in which people sell stock in themselves in "Demoktesis. " It argues that we desire to "live ourselves" and criticizes hedonism with the experience machine thought experiment. This work claims that a titular concept arises through the invisible hand from dominant protection agencies and uses the Wilt Chamberlain argument that "Liberty Upsets Patterns," to defend the entitlement theory of justice. For 10 points, name this attack on John Rawls' A Theory of Justice, written by Robert Nozick.
Output: Social Science
A revisionist version of this work was created by Israel Zangwill, who also coined the phrase "The Melting Pot," and the daughter of Karl Marx. In that revision of this work, one character seeks a boarding school recommendation for his children from a clergyman, while in the original the protagonist abandons religion and states that she only knows what her clergyman has told her. In that revision, the protagonist also invites her friend to move into a spare bedroom, while in the original that friend, Christine Linde, collects the protagonist's things after a forged loan document leads to her abandonment of her husband and children. FTP, name this play by  Ibsen which centers on a lover of macaroons, Nora Helmer, who escapes the title abode.
Output: Literature
The approximate magnitude of this effect is given by a factor equal to the expectation value of the exponential of minus the square of the direct product of the scattering vector and initial scattering center displacement. That factor gives the fraction of scattered particles experiencing this effect and is named for Waller and Debye. Zeeman splitting due to nuclear magnetic fields can be measured by this effect combined with the Doppler effect, a measurement known as its namesake spectroscopy. This effect is a momentum-space analogue of zero-phonon optical emission. It was first observed in solid iridium, which was found to exhibit sharp resonances like gases in x-rays. For 10 points, name this phenomenon in which a certain fraction of gamma rays emitted by atoms in a solid are emitted recoil-free, an effect named for its German discoverer who won the 1961 Nobel Prize in Physics.
Output: Science
One work by this author notes that it rejects the translation styles of Pound in regards to Li Po, who joins Tu Fu and Wang Wei in the title of the translated collection Three Chinese Poets. The sections "Meditations of the Heart" and "Romantic Residues" are found in another collection whose titular poem notes "the whole world shares your tears," All You Who Sleep Tonight. This creator of lonely violinist Michael Holme wrote of the iguana Arnold Schwartzenegger and cat Charlemagne in a work charting the relationship between John and Liz in (*) Onegin stanzas and set in San Francisco. Besides authoring An Equal Music and Golden Gate, he wrote of Rupa Mehra's attempts to secure the titular individual for her daughter Lata in his best-known work. For 10 points, identify this Indian writer noted for the ginormously large novel A Suitable Boy.
Output: Literature
One leader of this religion was responsible for the building of the Harimandir, the holiest of this religion's gurdwaras. Another leader of this religion set up a community of initiates within the religion known as Khalsa. Members of that group in this religion must wear long hair, a comb, and dagger as part of the five K's. This religion's leaders have included (*) Nanak and Gobind Singh, who were two of the ten human gurus. For 10 points, name this Indian religion whose scripture is the Adi Granth and whose Golden Temple is found in Amritsar.
Output: Social Science
one work by this author, one character describes watching a gay black man frequently walk to the bathroom in a kimono and describes his encounters with his landlady's dog. In another of his plays, one character admits to having eloped with a gardener after another character brings up the topic of a dead child. In the former play, Peter hears the story of a "permanent transient" who impales himself on a knife after lunging at Peter, and in the latter play by this author, various games are concocted to entertain Nick and Honey. For 10 points, identify this author who wrote about Jerry's contact with humanity in The Zoo Story and about George and Martha's marital problems in Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf
Output: Literature
In one of this poets poems, the speaker beseeches the title entity to save itself Before my feet and vision fail me, and in another of this poets poems, the speaker Climb the mountain/ And never leave the meadow to find the title object. Those poems, Caribbean Sea and The Air Flower appear in this poets collection, Tala; other collections include Desolation and Tenderness. This poet claims that "our worst crime is abandoning the children" and that "to him we cannot say 'Tomorrow'" in the poem "His Name is Today," or "Su Nombre es Hoy. " For 10 points, name this Chilean poet, best known for her Sonnets of Death.
Output: Literature
One person who plays this instrument was awarded the first Pulitzer Prize for Music for a jazz recording; that work is Blood on the Fields and was recorded by Wynton Marsalis. The Hot Five and Hot Seven were lead by a man who played this instrument, while another player of it wrote "A Night in Tunisia" and played a "bent" version. That man, Dizzy Gillespie, would also collaborate with a man who would play this instrument on Sketches of Spain and Kind of Blue. For 10 points, name this brass instrument played by Miles Davis and Louis Armstrong.
Output: Fine Arts
One collection of poetry in this language states that "one grain of rice will make up each man's measure" and describes an unjust king's arrival to a shrine where the prophet John's body is contained. This language was used to write the book Advantages of Silence by the author ofThe Rose Garden. In a narrative poem written in this language, a stepson uses the trial by fire to escape from the lust of his stepmother. Another poet in this language wrote "Our Death is our Wedding" and "A Star Without a Name," composed the epic Spiritual Couplets, and popularized the ghazal form. Landmarks in this language's medieval corpus include theDiwan by Sa'di. For 10 points, name this language used by Rumi, as well as by Ferdowsi for the Shah Nameh and an author who wrote about "a loaf of bread" and "a jug of wine" in the Rubiyat.
Output: Literature