niryuu/sni-each-converted huggingface dataset:
This architect used gold leaf and arcade window walls for his Golden Door, part of the Transportation Building in Chicago. This architects National Farmer's Bank, which uses terra cotta in its window outlines, is similar to one work that was commissioned by Hascal Taylor. This designer of the Buffalo Guaranty Building used floating ties for one work for which he collaborated with Dankmar Adler, the Auditorium Building, and drew on the exterior ornaments of Reims Catheral for another work largely constructed of red brick. The Wainwright Building was designed by, for 10 points, what architect, whose mantra was form follows function
Output: Fine Arts
This event was the subject of the Supreme Court case Luther v. Borden, and agitators in this event argued that their rights under the Constitution's (+) Guarantee Clause had been violated. This event's namesake's supporters elected him to a certain position after opposing the Freemen's Constitution, and President Tyler ultimately declined to intervene in this event. This rebellion began after both its namesake and Samuel Ward (*) King were elected as governor of a certain state. For 10 points, name this 1840s American uprising whose namesake sought to enact universal male suffrage in Rhode Island.
Output: History
Typically a strong base such as NaOH or KOH is used in this reaction, and dehydration of its namesake products tends to give a conjugated system known as an enal. The hydroxide first removes the acidic alpha-hydrogen, which results in an enolate. The enolate then attacks the starting aldehyde, producing an alkoxide that deprotonates a water molecule and creates the beta-hydroxyaldehyde product. FTP, identify this condensation reaction, the simplest of which produces ethanal, named for the two compounds combined in its product.
Output: Science
This composer's first symphony, which he submitted and resubmitted for criticism to his teacher Nikolai Zaremba, nearly led to his mental breakdown. This man used his material from his unpublished opera Undine in the second movement of his C-minor second symphony, whose basis in Ukrainian folk songs led to a nickname coined by Nikolai Kashkin. This composer's final symphony, which contains a (*) "limping waltz" in 5/4 time, was premiered just nine days before his death and dedicated to his homosexual lover. For 10 points, name this composer of the symphonies nicknamed Little Russian, Winter Daydreams, and Pathetique, who also composed the "1812 Overture."
Output: Fine Arts
one of this man's works, the protagonist meets a prisoner who talks about "a sinister game of musical chairs" before being executed. That character, Bernal, is the brother of the protagonist's future wife. This author also wrote about a schoolteacher whose father had a Cuban mistress. This creator of Harriet Winslow wrote about a man who loves Regina but is in a loveless marriage with Catalina. One of this man's titular characters is a journalist looking for Pancho Villa and is based on Ambrose Bierce. Another is a corrupt newspaper tycoon who thinks of Mexico's history as he lays on his deathbed. For 10 points, name this Mexican author of The Old Gringo and The Death of Artemio Cruz.
Output: Literature
In one episode in this novel, an army is set on fire after being ambushed during a battle at Bowang Slope. One of this novel's protagonists marries Lady Sun. In this novel, the warrior Lu Bu is involved in a love triangle with Diaochan and the warlord Dong Zhou. The first chapter of this novel features the Oath of the Peach Garden, which was sworn by three warriors, including (*) Liu Bei, who is victorious at the Battle of Red Cliffs. For 10 points, name this historical novel by Luo Guanzhong about the conflict between the states of Wei, Shu, and Wu.
Output: Literature
John Searle criticized this philosopher's work in his essay Reiterating the Difference, to which this man responded in the afterword of another work. Another of his works describes organized crime as a "phantom state". That work traces the development of the concept of underemployment and describes them as "plagues of capital" and part of the title legacy. This author of Limited Inc. and Spectres of Marx described a concept which combines the meanings of the words "differ" and "defer" and about the futility of escaping infinite context, which led him to write "there is nothing outside the text." For 10 points, name this French philosopher who coined the term "differance" and wrote Of Grammatology, the founder of deconstructionism.
Output: Social Science
Metabolism of this molecule is disturbed by defects in WRN protein. This molecule is the subject of a signal amplification technique using its "branched" form. Bloom syndrome protein is an ATP-dependent enzyme that acts primarily on this molecule. A phenomenon exhibited by this molecule is described by quantities called "writhe" and "twist." This molecule's structures include its Z form and A form, but its standard structure is its B form. The amount of this molecule in a cell determines the C-value. This molecule exhibits supercoiling, and it is wound around octamers of proteins called histones. For 10 points, name this molecule packaged in the nucleus whose double helix structure was discovered by Watson and Crick.
Output: Science
In one poem of this name, the speaker "was in the prison/ of being in a crowd, alone" before meeting the title figure at a powwow. In addition to that work by Mary Ann Gerard, another poem by this name concludes "what, anyway,/ was that sticky infusion, that rank flavor of blood, that poetry, by which I lived", after the speaker experiences the last days of the title figure, which he murdered with a sharpened bone. That poem, appearing in the collection Body Rags, is by Galway Kinnell, while another work of this name compares man to the title creature, who looks "baggy" and "equally pathetic/ whether sedentary or peripatetic", while vacillating between the theories of one "Greek" or another. In addition to that Robert Frost poem, Another work of this name sees Lion trained to kill the title creature, after Boon Hogganbeck and Sam Fathers bring Ike McCaslin into the wilderness for an annual hunt for the title creature. For 10 points, give this name, shared most famously with a William Faulkner short story about Old Ben, the titular animal.
Output: Literature
This man refused to engage his countrymen at the Battle of Aspromonte, and he refused William Seward's offer of a generalship during the American Civil War. This man led Rio Grande do Sul in the War of the Tatters, and allied himself with the Colorados against the Blancos during the [*] Uruguayan Civil War. This man defended Mazzini's Roman Republic, and the treaty of Villafranca created enmity between him and Count Cavour. This man won at Palermo, leading to Sardinia's annexation of Sicily after this man's Expedition of the Thousand. For 10 points, name this Risorgimento era figure, the leader of the Redshirts.
Output: History
This author wrote about a girl who refuses to throw away a chicken sandwich in "Just Before the War With the Eskimos. " Another work by this author features a boy with "rickets in one leg and elephantiasis in other" fishing next to a "No Fishing! " sign while in Montreal. "The Chief" tells members of the "Comanche Club" a story about a deformed criminal named the "Laughing Man" in one of his works. Another work by this man sees the central character chat with Sibyl on the beach before shooting himself in the head. For 10 points, name this creator of Seymour Glass in "A Perfect Day for Bananafish," who wrote about Holden in The Catcher in the Rye.
Output: Literature
His time in office saw the promotion of a protectionist policy that was known as the "National Plan," it also saw corruption, as the Pacific Railroad scandal broke in 1873, forcing him to resign for five years. As a lawyer early in his career, he had earned the esteem of many for his defense of American raiders in the Rebellions of 1837. Elected alderman of the city of Kingston, the following year he and political allies like Etienne Cartier and George Brown accepted the Conservative party's nomination for a seat on the Legislative Assembly. Finally in 1857 he gained the highest office in the land. For ten points, name this politician who, following the Act of Dominion, became the first Prime Minister of Canada.
Output: History
This artist painted a portrait of Muriel Belcher as the Sphinx after an African trip which also inspired his Study of a Baboon. In another painting by this artist, a bloody-faced mustached man in a business suit appears to be approaching a row of microphones, the top half of his head completely blocked off by a black umbrella. This artist claimed to have met his model-turned-lover while the latter was breaking into his apartment; he painted the Black (*) Triptychs in the depths of his grief for that lover, George Dyer. On an orange background, he painted three gray, eyeless, long-necked monsters with menacing jaws, intended to represent the Furies. This painter included beef carcasses in Figure with Meat and created a series of distorted studies after Velazquez's portrait of Innocent X. For 10 points, name this artist of the Screaming Popes series and Three Studies for Figures at the Base of a Crucifixion.
Output: Fine Arts
Featuring the dirge "Fear no more the heat of the sun," Tennyson purportedly died with a copy of it on the coverlet of his bed, while Shaw wrote a treatment of its fifth act as "refinished. " Its main sources are A Mirror for Magistrates, Holinshed, and Boccaccio for the love story. When a servant is ordered to commit murder at Milford Haven, Pisanio instead advises the victim to disguise herself as a page. In Wales, the fugitive meets her brothers, who were stolen twenty years before, at the home of Belarius. After Cloten is decapitated, Fidele takes a sleeping potion and joins the Roman army invading Britain as a result of the monarch's failure to pay tribute .FTP, name this Shakespeare play about Posthumus' love for Imogen, the daughter of the titular King of Britain.
Output: Literature
In this opera's first act, a chorus of street children sing ""Avec la garde montante. "" An officer in this opera is seduced when a woman performs a seguidilla (seg-weh-DEE-ya) dance, leading to his arrest. Later, that character encounters the same woman, to whom he sings the Flower Song, and engages in a sword fight with a bullfighter. This opera, which opens at a cigarette factory in Seville, features a love triangle between Escamillo, Don Jose, and the title woman, who sings the Habanera. For 10 points, name this Georges Bizet opera about a Spanish gypsy.
Output: Fine Arts
After his first opera was well received, he was offered a contract to compose three operas at eight-month intervals. He turned out the first of the three, the poorly received King for a Day, during a period in which he lost both of his children and then his wife. After a time of depression, he wrote his first major success, which included the "Chorus of the Hebrew Slaves. " FTP, identify this composer of Nabucco, The Force of Destiny, and Aida.
Output: Fine Arts
Walsh calculated this quantity by considering stretching force constants, while Philips used dielectric values to calculate it for diamond-like crystals. Allen utilized the configuration energy to find it, while Huggins proposed an alternative to the (*) original thermal chemical method. Martynov and Batsanov determined it by averaging successive ionization energies while Sanderson measured electron density to determine it. Both Gordy and Allred-Rochow made use of the covalent radius and the effective nuclear charge, while Mulliken utilized the ionization potential and the electron affinity. For 10 points, name this chemical property whose most commonly used definition is the one developed by Linus Pauling, which assigns the highest value for this property to fluorine.
Output: Science
The frame of this painting contains a gold medal awarded by Charles X of France. On the left a woman in a yellow garment can be seen gathering water, and a boy in a blue hat holding a long stick can be seen next to a canoe and a duck in the right side of this work. A small brown-and white dog is seen in the foreground of this painting looking toward the central scene, and it depicts the cottage of one of the artists neighbors, Willy Lott. Originally entitled Landscape: Noon and depicting a site near Flatford Mill, FTP, name this painting that depicts a pair of horses pulling the titular agricultural conveyance across a river and shares its title with a tryptich by Hieronymous Bosch, an 1821 work by John Constable.
Output: Fine Arts
James Garfield used trapezoids to prove this result, which is also proven in Euclid's Elements. With integral values for its three variables, it gives rise to namesake ""triples,"" which cannot be found for exponents greater than two, according to Fermat's Last Theorem. It is a special case of the cosine law, where the angle is ninety degrees. For 10 points, name this theorem which is stated as ""A squared plus B squared equals C squared. ""
Output: Science
In this novel, the central female character is forbidden from asking Oscar Wilde to sign her gazelle-skin\n glove. The central male character in this novel confesses to having an affair with Barbara Lynch. Another\n male character learns the violin from the German Lotario Thugut, which he attempts to use to win back his\n former lover. At the beginning of this work, we learn how one of the main characters fell to his death\n chasing his pet parrot. At the end of this work, Florentino Ariza and Fermina Daza make love aboard a\n river boat and convince the captain the wave a yellow flag at port. For 10 points, name this Gabriel Garcia\n Marquez novel that includes the character Juvenal Urbino, a doctor who hopes to eradicate the title disease.
Output: Literature
A dialogue between a dead boy and a dead cat takes place in this author's four hour unperformable puppet play Once Five Years Have Passed, and in a "puppet farce" by this man he stands on stage and argues with a puppet called "the poet. " The title character walks on stage leading his four children, declares, "My poor children," then kills them with a wooden dagger in his Buster Keaton's Constitutional, while a black cockroach with artistic aspirations is enraptured by the title character in his The Butterfly's Evil Spell. The image of a bleeding horse pervades a lullaby in a better-known work, and the title character's namesake condition leads her to kill her husband Juan in Yerma. For 10 points name this author of Blood Wedding and The House of Bernarda Alba.
Output: Literature
One critic has argued that the essay "Embarrassment and Social Organization" places this student of W. Lloyd Warner in the Durkheimian school of ritualistic sociology. In one of his works he concluded that marketing reflects society's paternalistic subordination of women to men. In another he elucidated a tripartite classification of social devaluation: bodily, moral, and tribal. In a more noted series of works, he developed the theory of impression management and established the metaphor of sociology as theater, for which he tends to be pigeonholed as a symbolic interactionist. FTP, name this author of Gender Advertisements and Stigma, a sociologist best known for his The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life.
Output: Social Science
This character proved his mettle at an early age by taking up a toy sword against a stool covered with a lionskin. This early promise was borne out in this hero's later deeds, such as snapping the neck of Cercyon and crushing the skull of the Crommyonian Sow. In later life, he lost part of one buttock after a failed attempt to abduct Persephone for his friend Pirithous. He fed Sciron to a monstrous turtle, tied Sinis to some pine trees, and beheaded Procrustes while traveling to Athens to meet Aegeus. FTP, name this Greek hero who abandoned Ariadne after she helped him defeat the Minotaur.
Output: Social Science
theory which accurately predicts this quantity at low temperatures is based on the assumption that vibrational modes exhibit a linear relationship at longer wavelengths; that model gives this quantity as proportional to the cube of temperature below a namesake threshold. The difference between the molar forms of this quantity at constant pressure and at constant temperature give the ideal gas constant, while calculations by Dulong and Petit showed that the dimensionless form of this quantity is limits to 3 at high temperatures. For 10 points, identify this quantity which describes the rate of change in the thermal energy of a system with respect to temperature, and which is 4. 18 Joules per gram per Kelvin for water.
Output: Science
A relation between covering and the number of generators for a specific type of this object containing cosets is Abhyankar's Conjecture. Sometimes defined as invertible monids, these structures are called topological if they have the Hausdorff topology and are continuous. Their character, sometimes known as the trace, is equal for ones in the same conjugacy class. The order of one contained in another must divide the order of the containing one according to Lagranges lemma. These are named for Lie [LEE] when their operation is smooth. They're not rings, but when they commute, they are called Abelian. FTP, name these mathematical structures, sets of elements and operations that are closed and associative and have an identity and inverses.
Output: Science
Events in this novel include a visit to Bald Hills to arrange a marriage between Marya and Anatol, which is dashed after an apparent tryst with Madam Bourienne. Nikolai arrives at Olmutz to receive a letter from Boris, Schmidt's death in battle leads to an appearance at the court of Vienna, and Dolgorukhov's rejection of truce terms precipitates the final scene. FTP, name this novel which opens at a party at the house of Anna attended by Pierre, Prince Vasily, and Prince Andrei, written by Leo Tolstoy.
Output: Literature
This monarch chartered the Levant Company and established relations with the Ottoman Empire, and the Moroccan ambassador to this ruler's court was Abd el-Ouahed ben Messaoud. This ruler was excommunicated for the Second Act of Supremacy by the papal bull Regnans in Excelsis. This ruler's primary advisor was William Cecil, and her spymaster Francis Walsingham stopped the [*] Babington Plot. This ruler ordered the execution of Mary, Queen of Scots. She never married, earning her the title of "Virgin Queen." For 10 points, name this patroness of Shakespeare who defended England against the Spanish Armada.
Output: History
This thinker used an elliptic pattern to map a sphere as a square to create his "quincuncial map." This philosopher wrote a work that examines whether a diamond in a cushion of cotton can be called hard. He outlined the index, the icon, and the symbol as three classifications to his theory of the triadic relationship between the interpretant, the sign, and the object. He juxtaposed the "Gospel of Greed" and the "Gospel of Belief" in his article "Evolutionary Love" and wrote a work that dismisses the "method of authority" and the "method of tenacity" in favor of the scientific method in an article in Popular Science Monthly. For 10 points name this author of "The Fixation of Belief" and "How to Make Our Ideas Clear", one of the founders of Pragmatism.
Output: Social Science
The widest point in this body is between the villages of Onguryon and Ust-Barguzin. A settlement at Bolshiye Koty is located on its shores, and it is located in the federal subject of Irkutsk Olbast. It is fed by over 300 rivers, including the Uda, Barguzin, and Selenga, and contains 22 islands including Olkhon, the largest. Its only outlet is the Angara River, which drains into the Yenisei, and this body's namesake mountains are the source of the Lena River. FTP, name this body that contains nearly 20% of earth's liquid freshwater, the deepest freshwater lake on Earth, located in Siberia.
Output: Social Science
Centroaciner cells in this body occupy the lumen of its acinus, and some people have a secondary passage that connects this body to a nearby organ known as the Duct of Santorini. This body is generally described as having four regions: the head, neck, body, and tail. Its main duct is alternately called Duct of Wirsung, and that duct empties into the duodenum through the ampulla of Vater. This organ is divided into dark exocrine tissue and light endocrine tissue that contains the islets of Langerhans. FTP, name this organ that controls insulin production.
Output: Science
"Everyone will tell you I am not a musician. That is correct. "  These are the words of a turn-of-the-century composer whose eccentricities ranged from wearing 12 identical gray velvet suits to letting no one into his apartment for 27 years. Many of the titles of this man's works are equally odd, including Desiccated Embryos, Truly Flabby Prludes for a Dog, and Three Pieces in the Form of a Pear. The 1917 premiere of his ballet Parade caused a theater riot. For ten points, name this "non-musician" whose protgs included "The Six" of French music, and whose most famous composition is Trois Gymnopdies.
Output: Fine Arts
This man's government withdrew recognition from a government that would be defeated at the Second Battle of Rivas by Costa Ricans and mercenaries supported by Cornelius Vanderbilt. Deliberations held in Belgium would prove embarrassing to him, and this man's Secretary of War would go on to serve in a higher office for another country. One piece of legislation that he signed was designed to open up land for a continental railroad, but the aftermath of the signing saw Preston Brooks' caning of Charles Sumner as well as the Pottawatomie Massacre. Who is this man, who appointed Jefferson Davis to his cabinet, and, for 10 points, presided over the drafting of a document stating plans to annex Cuba, the Ostend Manifesto, signed the Kansas-Nebraska Act and lost the 1856 Democratic nomination to James Buchanan
Output: History
This ruler had military success in taking Dorpat, and inaugurated an eastward expansion after conquering Astrakhan. He celebrated another victory by having Barma construct a religious structure also known as the Cathedral of Intercession of the Virgin on the Moat. However, he gave up Narva in the Treaty of Plussa with Sweden, and in the Treaty of Jam Zapolski, renounced claims to Livonia. The Oprichniks were members of his private army, which he used to terrorize the boyars, and the first Zemsky Sobor was called by him. His son Feodor was succeeded by Boris Godunov, who likely killed his youngest son Dmitri. FTP, name first Russian to take the title of tsar, who was nicknamed for his fearsome acts.
Output: History
Named for the day on which it occurred, this event was justified through religious tensions in France in August of 1572, and caused further years of strife. However, there was tremendous political intrigue involved in the events leading up to it. A failed assassination attempt, caused Catherine de Medicis to order the slaying of Huguenot leadership in fear that they were pressuring Charles IX to fight a war against the Spanish in the low countries. For 10 points, what was this event spurred by the murder of Admiral Coligny on August 24th
Output: History
In 2011 this country and a country it almost entirely surrounds agreed to an exchange of border enclaves. Cuisine from this country includes the "tandoori" style of cooking and the use of curry. The Arabian Sea is to this country's west; to its east lies the Bay of Bengal. For 10 points, name this country that nearly surrounds Bangladesh and disputes the Kashmir and Punjab regions with Pakistan.
Output: Social Science
Alfred Gilman injected these animals with salt and urea to study the causes of thirst. One of these creatures named Rico has been used as evidence for the fast mapping method of language acquisition. The Scott-Fuller investigation was a 20 year study of the behavior of these animals. In one experiment, these animals were placed in a shuttle box with a barrier on one side of which electric shocks would be administered. In that experiment by Seligman, the members of this species already conditioned to the shocks showed signs of learned helplessness. In another experiment, these animals had their esophagi cut and food placed directly into their stomachs. For 10 points, name these animals that were conditioned to salivate when Pavlov rang a bell.
Output: Science
Landmarks in this city include the Gherkin and the Tower Bridge. A major island in this city's limits is the Isle of the Dogs, which is near its business district at Canary Wharf. This city instituted a high profile "congestion charge" in 2007. It often places installation art on the "fourth plinth" of its Trafalgar Square. This city's other attractions include a giant Ferris wheel called "the Eye" and a clock tower referred to as Big Ben. For 10 points, name this capital of England.
Output: Social Science
This phenomenon is the subject of a dispositional "higher-order theory" by philosopher Peter Carruthers. Owen Flanagan called people who deny any possible account of this thing "New Mysterians." Adding a "causal role" for this thing to quantum theory was George Wigner's motive for the "Wigner's friend" variant of SchrAPdinger's cat. Ned Block distinguished "A-" and "P-" types of this phenomenon; understanding the "A-" or "access" type is among its "easy problems" according to David Chalmers. This thing "makes the mind-body problem really intractable," according to Thomas Nagel's "What is it like to be a bat" Some thinkers claim this thing is divided into units called qualia, which philosophical zombies lack. For 10 points, name this term for awareness of one's own mind.
Output: Social Science
Footage was captured of the accident which showed the plane coming in low and striking the seawall which then caused it to flip. It was also recently confirmed that one of the deceased was killed not by the crash, but by a responding emergency vehicle. A. Asiana Airlines Flight 214 recently crashed upon landing at the airport in which major American city
Output: History
This two dimensional manifold is orientable and has Euler characteristic 0. It can be expressed as the product of two circles, but like the Klein bottle is more often viewed as a square with opposite sides identified. FTP, name this surface, which is more familiar to most people as the surface of a donut.
Output: Science
Michael Nyman quoted this composer in his works Chasing Sheep is Best Left to Shepherds and Memorial. This composer used four flatt trumpets, a type of slide trumpet, in a march and canzona that he wrote for a royal funeral. He included the ground-bass song "Music for a while" in his incidental music for a play on the Oedipus story, and he included the countertenor duet "Sound the trumpet" in his birthday ode "Come, Ye Sons of Art." This composer also wrote the "Monkey's Dance," which is followed by the Chinese Woman's aria "Hark! Now the Echoing Air," in a work in which Juno sings (*) "Thrice Happy Lovers" and "The Plaint," and the character of The Drunken Poet is added to an adaptation of A Midsummer Night's Dream. Dioclesian, King Arthur, and The Fairy-Queen are among this composer's semi-operas. For 10 points, name this English composer who included the lament "When I am laid in earth" in his opera Dido and Aeneas.
Output: Fine Arts
This man designed a distorted statue of Saint Mark, meant to be viewed in a raised niche of the Orsanmichele. Vasari called this man's depiction of Mary Magdalene flawless, and the nickname Zuccone, meaning "pumpkin," is given to his bald sculpture of the prophet Habakkuk. Another of his sculptures rests on a pedestal with two carvings symbolizing the gates of the underworld, and shows (*) Erasmo da Narni atop his horse. This artist is most famous for a work which was the first free-standing nude since antiquity, depicting a contrapposto man leaning on his sword with a head at his feet. For ten points, name this Florentine sculptor of Gattamelata and a bronze David.
Output: Fine Arts
Different types of this organic compound are named for Mosher, Hantzsch, Roche, and probably most famously, Hagemann. Lesser-known ways to make them are named after Yamaguchi and Steglich, particularly useful for forming the tert-butyl type of them. Acids of any chain length can be created by the very useful synthesis named for the malonic type of these compounds. Cyclic ones are known as lactones, and the simplest way of preparing them is named after Fischer and simply creates them by reacting a primary alcohol with a carboxylic acid. FTP, name this basic functional group consisting of a carbonyl group single bonded to an oxygen.
Output: Science
The first isogonic center of a triangle, which for an acute triangle is the interior point that minimizes the sum of the distances to the vertices, is known as his point. He proved that an odd prime can be uniquely expressed as the difference of two squares, and also that the sum of two squares cannot be equal to 3 modulo 4. The latter statement was a claim of Diophantus, which this man proved in preparing an edition of Diophantus' work. More famous are his claim that "a to the p minus 1 is equal to 1 mod p," known as his "little theorem. "  FTP, name this French mathematician whose most famous conjecture was proven by Andrew Wiles.
Output: Science
One work by this composer features text from speeches of a certain American president. A highly patriotic work by this man was later reworked into his final symphony, his third. This composer of Lincoln Portrait wrote the score for a ballet which included sections such as "Saturday Night Waltz" and the "Hoe Down." This composer was commissioned by Martha Graham to write a ballet set in Pennsylvania that includes variations on the Shaker hymn Simple Gifts. For 10 points, identify this composer of Rodeo and Appalachian Spring.
Output: Fine Arts
The protagonist of this poem sees "pale Kings, and Princes too, / Pale warriors, death-pale were they all" in "the latest dream" he ever dreamt. "  He is in anguish despite the "squirrel's granary" being full and the harvest being done. This stems from his being "On the cold hill's side" after being seduced and held in the title character's thrall. FTP, name this 1819 poem that begins "O what can ail thee, Knight at arms," a poem about a cruel lady by John Keats.
Output: Literature
After Spitamenes was killed, this man gained control of Sogdiana and married the Sogdian princess Roxane. He ordered the execution of Parmenio and Parmenio's son Philotas after the latter was accused of plotting to kill him. The satrap Bessus killed this man's enemy after this man's victory at the Battle of (*) Gaugamela. Seleucus I Nicator received the largest portion of this man's empire, which was split among the Diadochi following his death. This man, who repeatedly defeated Darius III, cut the Gordian knot with his sword and rode the horse Bucephalus. For ten points, name this son of Phillip II who conquered the Persian Empire as a Macedonian general.
Output: History
In one version of this phenomenon, its namesake conductivity takes on values equal to the elementary charge squared over Planck's constant, a quantity which is multiplied by either a fractional or integral value. Another version of this phenomenon can be used to measure the charge carrier density, since it arises as a consequence of the Lorentz force law applied to those particles. Its namesake quantity is proportional to the product of current and (*) magnetic field, divided by the thickness of the plate and charge carrier density. For 10 points, name this effect in which a magnetic field perpendicular to a current induces a voltage difference perpendicular to both.
Output: Science
Non-equilibrium versions of this phenomenon are governed by the Onsager relations. This phenomenons namesake coefficient is related to its namesake constant by an Arrhenius equation; its namesake length is given by twice the square root of that coefficient times the timescale. Classically, this behavior is governed by Ficks law, which states that the current is proportional to minus the concentration gradient or, in other words, that substances move from regions of high concentration to regions of low concentration. For 10 points, name this physical behavior, a type of motion that occurs in systems of randomly moving particles.
Output: Science
The third, fourth, and fifth sections all share the dedication "Delivered before the fellowship of the dead. "  The first section, "musical interludes," is actually labeled Diapsalmata, the next section on the "Musical-Erotic" examines Don Giovanni, and the entire work is edited by Victor Eremita. The first part concludes with a section told from the viewpoint of Johannes, "The Seducer's Diary. "  The second part moves on to an examination of the ethical. FTP, name this work whose title refers to the choice between the human esthetic and ethical on one hand and the religious sphere of existence on the other, a work by Soren Kierkegaard.
Output: Social Science
This war commenced after an ultimatum demanding the revision of the Straits Convention, free access of the Danube River, relinquishing responsibility of Orthodox Christians, and surrendering protectorate over the Danubian Principalities. Hostilities spilled over to the Pacific Theatre when the Allies attacked but were repulsed at Petropavlovsk, as well as Archangelsk. While (*) Baltic operations such as the bombardment of Bomarsund lead to stalemate, its main battles of Inkerman and Balaclava near the besieged city of Sevastapol took place on the war's namesake peninsula. FTP  Name this conflict which pitted France, Britain, and the Ottoman Empire against Russia.
Output: History
This author wrote of a character known as superbrain who participates in a title event after meeting Ambrosio at a dog pound. In another of his works, Fushia travels to a leper colony, Chapiro loses a game Russian Roulette to Lituma, and the harpist Don Anselmo runs the title bordello at the edge of the rainforest. This author of Conversation in the Cathedral and The Green House wrote about a series of cadets at The Leoncio Prado Military Academy in one work, and in another of his novels, Pedro Camacho writes radio soap operas and Mario falls in love with the older title character. For 10 points, name this Peruvian novelist of The Time of the Hero and Aunt Julia and the Scriptwriter.
Output: Literature
A Peter Taylor short story about the Dorset couple shares its title with this painting. One figure represented by a bald old man whose arm extends through most the top of this painting. An old woman pulling at her hair in the background of this painting is said to represent either Jealousy, or the effects of syphilis. Two discarded masks, in the right foreground, mirror the mask-like face of Oblivion in the background, who is trying to wrest a curtain from one of the title figures. In front of the curtain, a girl with a honeycomb and a snake's body peeks out from behind a putto throwing flower petals. One of the central nude figures appears to be slipping her tongue into her son's mouth as he gropes her breast. For 10 points, name this ambiguous allegorical painting by Bronzino.
Output: Fine Arts
composer's discovery of a box of musical compositions he'd written in his youth spawned The Wand of Youth and Nursery Suites. Anthony Payne completed his unfinished third symphony, despite this composer's dying wish that no one "tinker" with it. His first symphony is the most commonly performed one, in A-flat major, and this composer intended his Introduction and Allegro as a pure display of virtuosity. He used musical (*) cryptograms in a piece dedicated to "my friends pictured within. " The first march of another of his works provides the music for the song "Land of Hope and Glory. " For 10 points, name this English composer of The Enigma Variations and The Pomp and Circumstance Marches.
Output: Fine Arts
P-glycoprotein upregulates these complexes to facilitate the proliferation of dendritic cells, and one of their protein constituents has been found to associate with and regulate multiple growth- and transcription-related proteins, such as PTEN and c-Jun. One protein that makes up these complexes also catalyzes telomere addition to the ends of chromosomes and is called TEP1. They can be mobilized along microtubules to associate with the nuclear envelope, giving credence to the theory that they may be involved in intracellular transport processes. Ninety-six copies of their major protein constituent self-assemble into a barrel-like structure, although these organelles can also open into an octahedral flower-like configuration. These organelles' internal RNA molecules bind argonaute proteins and may mediate drug resistance in cancer cells. For 10 points, name these highly conserved cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein organelles of 39-fold symmetry and uncertain function.
Output: Science
The austausch coefficient gives the proportionality between the rate of transport of a component in this process and that component's gradient's rate of transport. Its Lagrangian form involves solving the biharmonic equation, and Kolmogorov proposed that during this process, the velocity difference between two points scales as the distance between them to the one-third power. This term characterizes the behaviour in an area known as the "corner region. " A "wake" form of it, also known as jetwash, is responsible for wingtip vortices, and the Froude number helps determine its onset in open channels. Typically ocurring at Reynolds numbers of over 4000, for ten points, identify this chaotic flow regime, the opposite of laminar flow.
Output: Science
In one work by this man, he rejects definitions of beauty as that which is appropriate, useful, or gives joy to hearing and sight. Another work by this author of Greater Hippias mentions a Sophist who claims "man is the measure of all things." Besides(*) Protagoras, he transcribed several speeches on love in the Symposium. Justice and the immortality of the soul are the subject of Crito and The Apology, which depict Socrates's trial and execution. For 10 points, name this philosopher who argues for his abstract forms and introduces his "cave" in The Republic.
Output: Social Science
This quantity's eigenfunctions are complex exponentials with a constant factor of one divided by quantity "2 pi times h-bar" all raised to the three-halves power. In Planck units, this quantity is given by the square root of h-bar times speed of light cubed divided by the universal gravitational constant. The time derivative of its expected value appears on one side of Ehrenfest's theorem. This quantity is squared in the quantum operator for kinetic energy; its own operator is equal to h-bar divided by i times the gradient. For massless particles, special relativity gives this quantity as energy divided by the speed of light. If position is precisely known, this quantity cannot be according to Heisenberg's uncertainty principle. For 10 points, name this conserved quantity equal to mass times velocity.
Output: Science
One interpretation of this piece clarifies its seemingly illogical structure in terms of the opposite traits of its movements. The shortest movement of this work is in 6/8 and features sections in both simple and compound time. The sixth section of this suite evokes a series of magic tricks, culminating in the magician's departure in a fireball. The final movement features a (*) women's choir and maintains a low dynamic for its entirety, eventually fading out into silence. This movement contrasts with the first, which features an ostinato in 5/4. Colin Matthews composed a final movement for this suite in 2000, seventy years after the discovery of Pluto first made an extra section a possibility. For 10 points, name this Holst suite written about a collection of astronomical bodies.
Output: Fine Arts
He depicted a wolf, a lion, and a dog underneath the faces of three men in his Allegory of Prudence. In one of his paintings, St. Peter is the only apostle to fold his arms while cherubim surround Mary, who stands on a cloud. That depiction of The Assumption of the Virgin lies in the Santa Maria Glorioisa dei Frari along with his (*) Pesaro Madonna. His portraits include one of Paul III and his nephews, as well as a victory portrait of Charles V. In another work, he painted a dog lying on white sheets in front of the title figure, who holds flowers in her right hand while her left hand rests on her thigh. For 10 points, name this Venetian painter ofVenus of Urbino.
Output: Fine Arts
In humans, it increases in weight in the first two years of life, and from then until puberty grows slowly to a weight of about 1.5 ounces. After puberty, it shrinks gradually and its lymphatic tissue is replaced by fat, though it also contains a few small areas of epithelial tissue known as Hassall's corpuscles. FTP, name this gland, which is located just beneath the upper portion of the sternum in almost all vertebrates, in which T cells mature and from which those cells derive their name.
Output: Science
This king controversially supported the author of A New Gag for an Old Goose, Richard Montagu. He made embarrassing concessions to the Scots in the Treaty of Ripon. This ruler appointed as Archbishop of Canterbury the unpopular William Laud. In order to raise money after the Bishops' Wars, this man was forced to assemble a parliament under the control of opponent John Pym. A key loss for this king's supporters in the north was at Marston Moor. This king's fate was sealed when Pride's Purge resulted in the Rump Parliament, which pushed for his execution. For 10 points, name this king executed in 1649 at the end of the English Civil War, resulting in the formation of the English Commonwealth.
Output: History
The premiere of this piece in a theater prompted a critical letter from "Philalethes" to be published in the  Universal Spectator. This piece's first section is a grave sinfonia that repeats a dotted quarter - eighth motif; that section is followed by two recitatives for tenor. This piece is separated into three parts, the second of which concludes with a section that repeats, "for ever and ever." The instrumental (*) Pifa section begins the fourth of twelve "scenes" in this work. The text of this work, which includes "Ev'ry valley shall be exalted," was collected by Charles Jennens from the Book of Common Prayer and the King James Bible. For 10 points, name this oratorio by Handel, which includes the "Hallelujah" chorus.
Output: Fine Arts
This poet called England: "Queen of the restless fields of tideBefore whose feet the worlds divide". One poem by him describes the speaker's soul as a "twice-written scroll / Scrawled over on some boyish holiday" and "a stringed lute on which all winds can play". One of his poems describes a place where "all, but Lust, is turned to dust / in Humanity's machine" and "every stone one lifts by day / Becomes one's heart by night". Most of his poems were included in the 1881 collection, Poems, which launched his career. One poem by him tells of a refusal to let a red or white rose grow on a grave to tell "That (*) God's Son died for all". The sky is called a "little tent of blue" in that poem by him, which describes a figure who wears a cricket cap and whose "step seemed light and gay". That poem by him mentions an action that some do "with a bitter look" and that cowards do "with a kiss". For 10 points, name this Irish poet who declared that "Each man kills the thing he loves" in The Ballad of Reading Gaol.
Output: Literature
In Chapter 3 of this book, the author asks whether it would be right to swing a baseball bat at a cow, and concludes that utilitarianism cannot deny animals equal consideration. The final part of this work distinguishes between design devices and filter devices, and decides the latter is the best way to construct the last of title concepts. In one thought experiment, its author suggests that modern democracy would be the result of a hypothetical situation in which people could buy and sell shares in each other, called demoktesis, while another thought experiment asks whether it would be desirable to be hooked up to the experience machine. It clarifies its author's theory of distributive justice using the example of Wilt Chamberlain, and it argues in favor of the minimal state. For 10 points, name this critique of John Rawls and defense of libertarianism, a work of Robert Nozick.
Output: Social Science
Julius Pollux recorded that this hero's dog ate some snails, thus discovering a purple dye. This hero killed Syleus, who forced passersby to hoe his vineyard. This man killed Theiodamas in a dispute over a bull, and adopted a son as a companion who was later abducted by nymphs while fetching water. After Eurytus reneged on a promise to give a daughter to the winner of an archery contest, this man killed him and abducted Iole. This companion of Hylas killed Iphitus, for which he was punished by having to wear women's clothing and serve Omphale. This hero was killed by a shirt soaked in the blood of the centaur Nessus, which was given to him by his jealous wife Deianira. For 10 points, name this Greek hero who retrieved the cattle of Geryon while performing his twelve labors.
Output: Social Science
As part of an effort to destroy the demon Taraka, he caught one god's semen in his mouth. The gods Trita and Surya are said to be aspects of this god, who has seven tongues that are used to eat ghee, and seven arms. His rival and twin brother in some traditions is Indra, who was born with this deity from the breath of the creator Prajapati. He is sometimes depicted on a chariot drawn by parrots, but when depicted as riding on a ram, he is usually shown carrying a fan, an ax, a torch, and a ladle. He serves as the messenger god as well as the god of sacrifices, saved Hanuman from Ravana in the Ramayama, and is forever young because he is reborn every time sticks are rubbed together. For 10 points, name this Hindu god of fire.
Output: Social Science
It is symbolized in Hindu temple dances by Shiva raising his right leg. Svetambara and Digambara Jains disagree as to whether this is available to women. Surat Shabda Yoga claims that the Jivan form results from self-realization. It makes up one of the four artha in Hinduism along with dharma and kama. The Baha'u'llah claims that jnana and bhakti or wisdom and devotion are the best path to its achievement. In Jainism, it is preceded by kevala and the same as nirvana, and its attainment requires the annihilation of all karma. With sufficient enlightenment, a soul can escape samsara and, FTP, achieve what release from the cycle of suffering
Output: Social Science
This composer borrowed a theme from his "Homage March" scored for four cellos in the Andante second movement of his Cello Sonata in A Minor. He worked his own name into the opening motif of a piano sonata in E minor, the only one he composed. His shorter piano pieces include ones given programmatic titles like "She Dances," "Gratitude," and "Homesickness." This composer wrote a five-movement work "in the olden style" concluding with a rigaudon. "The Abduction of the Bride" and "Arabian Dance" open the second four-movement suite he derived from music he wrote for an 1867 satirical verse drama. For 10 points, name this composer of the Holberg Suite who included "Morning Mood" and "In the Hall of the Mountain King" in his incidental music for Peer Gynt.
Output: Fine Arts
Evidence against one hypothesis of this feature's formation stems from Abrajano's discovery of sapropel mud in a nearby body of water. Once the region around this body was colonized by the Milesians, Greek tradition referred to it as "Hospitable. " One seaport on this body is near the estuary that it forms with the Dniester River. It connects to the Sea of Azov through the Strait of Kerch, while the Bosporus connects it to Marmara and through Marmara to the Aegean Sea. Notable cities on this body of water include Yalta, Odessa, and Sevastopol. For 10 points, identify this sea bordeed by the Ukraine and Russia to the north and Turkey to the south.
Output: Social Science