niryuu/sni-each-converted huggingface dataset:
One of his works calls for the lead melody to be played by two hand horns in G, while he wrote a notable piano work which contains such sections as "The Valley of the Bells" and "A Boat on the Ocean". In addition to Pavane For a Dead Princess and Mirrors, he wrote an orchestral rhapsody whose third section is an orchestration of a habanera and whose second section is supposed to resemble a fandango. This composer of Rapsodie Espagnole wrote a ballet whose second orchestral suite contains the popular "danse generale". For 10 pointsname this composer of Daphnis et Chlo, who wrote a work in which an ostinato rhythm is repeated on the snare drum throughout the work, his Bolro.
Output: Fine Arts
This thinker described "Upper Savagery" as beginning with "the invention of the bow and arrow" in one work, before in a later chapter building on Lewis H. Morgan's idea that the "bodies of consanguinei" in the Iroquis predated the "genea" of the Greeks. Earlier in his career, this man wrote articles for the Telegraph under the last name Oswald and was influenced by Moses Hess. This man referenced a polemic against Cato by Julius Caesar in his colloquial name for a group of essays, Anti-Duhring. This author of The Origin of the Family, (*) Private Property, and the State died before finishing Dialectics of Nature. One of this man's best-known works after extensive exposure to the effect of the industrial revolution on factory communities in Liverpool and Manchester. The author of The Condition of the Working Class in England may be better-known for collaborating with a more prolific partner on The Holy Family and The German Ideology, as well as a work which declares that a spectre is haunting Europe. FTP, identify this man who published The Communist Manifesto along with Karl Marx.
Output: History
One of this author's short stories ends with its protagonist seeing a vision of souls ascending to heaven on a purple streak of light after shouting "Who do you think you are" at God while hosing down some hogs. That story by this author begins in a doctor's waiting room, where an acne-ridden Wellesley student throws her book Human Development at the protagonist and tells her "Go back to hell where you came from, you old wart hog." In addition to writing that story about Ruby Turpin's title epiphany, this author wrote a story in which a middle-aged white woman attempts to give a black child a penny, only for that child's mother to knock her to the ground with her pocketbook. That story takes place on a bus, and ends with Julian's mother crumpling to the ground. For 10 points, name this American author of short stories such as "Revelation" and "Everything That Rises Must Converge."
Output: Literature
philosopher divides people into groups based on how well they resist emotional counter-pressures which dissuade them from what they recognize as ethically proper action, and he equates evil with deliberate refusal to recognize the value of such ethics. In another work, this philosopher suggests that an entity's substance is the subject from which it is predicated, and this philosopher claims that happiness arises not from virtue alone but from virtuous activity. This philosopher who was succeeded by (*) Theophrastus advocated the arrangement of arguments using deductive logic and the syllogism. For 10 points, name this Greek philosopher who wrote Physics, the Nicomachean Ethics, and the Organon.
Output: Social Science
The Euler line passes through several distinctive points of one of these objects, while Ceva's theorem also applies to these objects. The area of one of these objects can be found by taking the square root of the (*) semi-perimeter times the difference of the semi-perimeter minus each side. That calculation is known as Heron's formula. A nine point circle can be drawn around one of the objects while the laws of sines and cosines also apply to these objects. For 10 points, name this polygon whose "right" variety conforms to the Pythagorean Theorem.
Output: Science
This state was initially formed from an alliance between three cities, and was granted permission to settle there by Cocoxtil. The Confederacy of Tlaxcala was an enemy of this empire, which reached its height during the reign of Ahuitzotl. Luis de Medina was initially sent to lead an expedition to conquer this empire, which initially repelled Spanish troops during La Noche Triste. Unable to defeat the Spanish-Tlaxcala alliance, it fell shortly after the death of Montezuma II. For 10 points, name this empire of central Mexico with capital Tenochtitlan which was conquered by Hernando Cortes.
Output: History
In one of his novels, the Marioshoni school is founded and the protagonist courts the daughter of his rival, the strict Christian named Joshua. In another of his works, Godfrey Munira is charged with murder after burning down a brothel, and he also wrote of the death of Thomas Robson, leading to the treachery of Mugo. This author wrote his novel Devil on the Cross on toilet paper after being jailed for the play I Will Marry When I Want. From that point forward, he eschewed writing in English, changing his name and using only Kiswahili and Gikuyu. FTP, name this Kenyan author of Petals of Blood and A Grain of Wheat.
Output: Literature
An unfinished portrait of this man is known as The Athenaeum. The same artist painted another portrait depicting this person, where he holds his right hand over a quill pen and a gold table draped with red cloth. That painting is known as the Lansdowne Portrait. A man pulls a red drape to reveal a young version of this man in Parson Weem's Fable. In a painting depicting this man, he wears a red cape and stands next to a man who is holding a flag. In that painting, this man looks to the left as the boat he is standing in rows its way through the ice. For 10 points, Emanuel Leutze painted what general and U.S. President crossing the Delaware river
Output: History
A character in this poem notes that he should have been a pair of ragged claws/scuttling across the floors of silent seas. The speaker of this poem wonders how he should begin to spit out all the butt-ends of my days and ways when hes formulated, sprawling on a pin. He later notes that it would be worth it to squeeze the universe into a ball and declare himself to be Lazarus, back from the dead. This poem concludes by noting that we have lingered in the chambers of the sea until human voices wake us, and we drown. In this poem, one character wonders if he dares to eat a peach, and notices women coming and going, talking of Michaelangelo. For ten points, identify this poem which begins Let us go now, you and I/ When the evening is spread out against the sky, a poem by T.S. Eliot.
Output: Literature
Alternating light and dark bands found at the base of these geological formations are known as ogives (OH-jives). These formations erode the surrounding terrain through processes known as plucking and abrasion. Such erosion can lead to the development of indentations known as (*) cirques (SEERKS), which often have small lakes referred to as tarns. They form crevasses on their surface. For 10 points, name these large flows of ice.
Output: Science
One of this author's characters stops himself from sleeping with a divorcee by cutting off his own finger and reaffirming his desire to be a monk. A second-person description of a military hospital and a story whose "only hero is truth," set in December and May respectively, are two parts of another of this man's works. This author of "Father Sergius" and the (*) Sevastopol Sketches wrote a novella whose protagonist wonders "What if my whole life has been wrong" while observing his servant Gerasim, after which he spends three days screaming before "some force" strikes him and he succumbs to his injuries from a curtain-hanging mishap. For 10 points, name this author of The Death of Ivan Ilyich, a Russian who also wrote War and Peace.
Output: Literature
In commissioning a portrait of himself on the imperial throne Napoleon instructed Jean Ingres to make him reminiscent of God in this artwork, which the emperor had plundered and moved to the Louvre. At the very bottom we learn that the work was completed for Jodicus Vyd, but more noticeable are the depictions of Adam and Eve at either end, particularly Eve's almost pregnant belly. Even more famous is the Adoration of the Lamb portion at the bottom. Begun by the artist's brother Hubert and completed in 1432, FTP, name this large altarpiece painted by Jan van Eyck.
Output: Fine Arts
A work based on this play opens with two minor characters from this play flipping a coin, which repeatedly comes up heads. One character in this play advises another character to ""neither a borrower nor a lender be. "" The title character mourns a ""fellow of infinite jest,"" Yorick, in this play's ""graveyard scene. "" He also kills Laertes in a swordfight and tells Ophelia to ""get thee to a nunnery. "" For 10 points, name this Shakespearean tragedy in which ""something is rotten in the state of Denmark. ""
Output: Literature
one of this composer's operas, Zelim and Melindo are switched at birth by Mamud. The Opus No. 3 of this composer of Truth and Ordeal often features a solo cello, even though it is a set of twelve concerti for one, two, and four violins. His only surviving oratorio was inspired by the beheading of Holerfones. This composer of L'Estro Armanico and Judith Triumphant wrote a piece for solo violin and basso continuo that concerns "The Hunt," "Pleasure," and "The Sea Storm. " His best-known works are contained in the larger work called The Contest Between Harmony and Invention. For 10 points, name this "Red Priest" whose contains The Four Seasons.
Output: Fine Arts
Andrew Barratt has argued that the primary religious motivations of this novel are grounded in Gnostic thought, rather than its traditionally believed source. Ivan Bezdomny is taken to a mental ward in this novel, which is later occupied by another of the characters who wrote a novel depicting the Passion of Christ which uses his ethnic name Yeshua. One character in this novel is accompanied by an aged prostitute, an evil trickster, and a cat named Behemoth. In order to find her boyfriend, one titular character of this novel agrees to act as the Queen in a ball held in Berlioz's apartment, where Woland, as the emissary of the devil, will be presiding. For 10 points, name this novel by Mikhail Bulgakov.
Output: Literature
In one short story by this author, a schizophrenic king becomes agitated when his palace turns into a giant ear, while in another, three characters are enraptured by an odor that turns out to be death. Those stories, The King Listens and The Name, the Nose, appear in Under the Jaguar Sun, a collection structured similarly to this authors collection t zero. This author created an index divided into three numeric levels of experience in his novel Mr. Palomar, and used tarot cards to guide the narration of The Castle of Crossed Destinies. William Weaver has translated most of the works of this author, who also wrote a novel about the relationship between the Reader and the Other Reader interspersed with ten different opening chapters. FTP, identify this Italian author of If on a Winters Night a Traveler.
Output: Literature
This region features the Ibrahim-al-Ibrahim Mosque, although most tourist locations are in Grand Casemates Square or John Mackintosh Square. The Alboran Sea forms Catalan Bay on the eastern coast of this region. Its southernmost tip, known as Europa Point, is mere kilometers away from Ceuta. Jebel Musa is the southern Pillar of Hercules while this region is the northern one. This peninsula's only land border is with Andalusia in the north, and its namesake strait separates Morocco from Europe. For 10 points, name this small peninsula and British territory on the southern coast of Spain.
Output: Social Science
This mathematician gives his name to a type of surface which is intersected exactly once by every non-spacelike curve. One theory named for him states that three-dimensional convex polytopes with congruent corresponding faces must be congruent to each other. Like Lagrange, he gives his name to a form of the remainder in the statement of (*) Taylor's theorem. He names a weaker condition equivalent to convergence for a real sequence but weaker for the complex numbers. He showed that the path integral of a holomorphic function over a closed path is zero, his namesake integral theorem. For 10 points, name this prolific French mathematician who names the statement that the absolute value of x dot y is less than or equal to the product of the norms of x and y along with Schwarz.
Output: Science
The Montonen-Olive Duality Conjecture concerns a field theory in which these particles exist as solitons; that theory was developed by 't Hooft and Polyakov. The original hypothesis of these particles' existence requires the use of two separate vector potentials and a singularity, and was developed by Paul Dirac. Gauss's Law of Magnetism, which states that the divergence of a magnetic field is zero, implies that these particles cannot exist. For 10 points, name these hypothetical particles that can only have an isolated North or South pole.
Output: Science
This practice had an analog in the cult of Cybele's practice of taurobolium, and this practice is advocated by the Right Ginza in Mandeism, which follows this action with a sacred meal. A reference to this practice "for the dead," is contained in 1 Corinthians 15:29, in which it is asked "if there is no resurrection, what will those do," to whom this has happened. That practice may originate in the rituals of the Orphic cult, which carried out this action to prepare their dead for the underworld. According to the Arians and the Donatists, this action was only efficacious if performed by someone who was of pure intention and belonged to the church, while leaders like Conrad Grebel and Felix Mantz argued that only an adult could undergo this ritual and denied its usefulness to infants. This practice is generally considered the first sacrament in Catholicism. Taking its name from the Greek for "to immerse," for ten points, identify this action which was performed for Jesus by John, and which involves annointment with water, symbolizing entry to the faith.
Output: Social Science
This novel's narrator finds benzene to wipe off a message written in purple lipstick across a woman's stomach before she wakes up and calls him "boo'ful" over and over. Emma asks for a dance at a fancy club called the Chthonian in this novel, in which a man known as Supercargo eggs on a fight between veterans in the Golden Day bar. This novel's title character lets a room from Mary Rambo and becomes friends with Brother Clifton. This book's narrator attends a rally at which "No more dispossessing of the dispossessed!" is chanted. At a eulogy in this novel, Ras the Destroyer incites massive race riots, during which the narrator falls underground via a manhole and concludes that his personal identity is unnoticed by white people. For 10 points, name this novel by Ralph Ellison.
Output: Literature
The intensity of light passing through a polarizer equals its intensity times the square of this function with respect to the direction of polarization, according to Malus' Law. This function has a phase constant of zero for the position function of a mass-on-a-spring released from its maximum displacement. For a mass sitting on an inclined plane, the normal force is proportional to this function of the angle of the ramp. Dot products depend on this function of the angle between two vectors. The horizontal component of a projectile's velocity includes this function of the angle. For 10 points, name this function equal to sine divided by tangent or adjacent divided by hypotenuse.
Output: Science
Douglas during a 1858 senate race. FTP name this Republican who delivered the Gettysburg Address as president during the Civil War.
Output: History
debates with the man who advanced the Freeport Doctrine, Stephen Douglass. For 10 points, name this winner of the presidential election of 1860, who later issued the Emancipation Proclamation.
Output: History
This artist depicted a certain structure "at Bellevue" and "at Montbriand". In addition to those depictions of The Pigeon House, he depicted the titular shirtless black man in jeans resting his head in one work, while a man dressed completely dressed in white gestures to a black and white harlequin in another. In addition to The Negro Scipion and Fastnacht, he created various depictions of an Avenue at (*) Chantilly, and Paul Alexis reads to one of his friends in another work. Rilke wrote some letters on this artist, who depicted a large crevice in the title structure in his House with Burst Walls, and depicted his mother knitting as his sister plays the piano in The Overture to Tannhuser. For 10 points, name this artist who was represented by Claude Lantier in The Masterpiece by Emile Zola.
Output: Fine Arts
This ruler's minister Mir Jumla asked this figure's son to intervene in the dispute with the Kutab Shahi kingdom of Gol-konda, and that son eventually had Dara Sheko executed. This figure dismantled the Ahmadnagar (*) Empire by defeating the Marathan noble Shahji Bhonsle, built the Jami Masjid as well as a palace along the Yamuna River, known as the Red Fort. For 10 points  the son of Jahangir and the father of Aurangzeb, name this Mughal who erected a famous temple for his wife Mumtaz.
Output: History
A response to one of this man's works contains the lines, ""When faith is lost, when honor dies, the man is dead! "" That work is John Greenleaf Whittier's ""Ichabod. "" He is the namesake of Jim Smiley's pet jumping frog in a Mark Twain story. In another story, he talks about how man was ""tricked and trapped and bamboozled"" while defending Jabez Stone in front of a jury of the damned. For 10 points, name this orator who bests the Devil in a Stephen Vincent Benet story.
Output: Fine Arts
One character in this novel rushes into a jewelers shop, inspired by "sacred rage. " That character, Waymarsh, eventually falls in love with Miss Barrace and informs for Jim and Sarah Pocock. At a party hosted by the sculptor Gloriani, the main character urges John Little Oldham to not waste his youth, and eventually he rejects Maria Gostreys advances. Madame de Vionnets affair is the impetus for the protagonists trip to Europe in, for 10 points, what novel in which Lambert Strether is sent to Paris to find Chad Newsome, written by Henry James
Output: Literature
A contemporary of Elizabeth I, he came to power two years before her and died two years later. As emperor, he established a strongly centralized government and extended his kingdom into the Deccan. An advocate of religious tolerance, he removed the special tax upon non-Muslims, forbade slave raids upon the Hindus, and himself twice married Hindu princesses. Ruling from 1556 to 1605, he also conquered Afghanistan and Baluchistan. FTP name this 16th century emperor, the greatest of the Mughals
Output: History
A 1967 study by Jones and Harris assigned students to positions supporting or opposing Cuban dictator Fidel Castro. Neutral observers were then asked to read the students' papers and evaluate whether or not they actually sympathized with Castro. Even though the evaluators were told that the students were forced to adopt their positions, they stubbornly maintained that the authors of pro-Castro essays actually supported the Cuban leader. This study was the first to discover, FTP, what principle of social psychology in which observers underestimate the role of situational factors in the behavior of others
Output: Social Science
One atom of this element is found in a prototypic furan and an atom of this element forms the bridge in an ether. The liquid form of one of its allotropes is paramagnetic. Reactive species of this element are potent free radicals. It is found with silicon in quartz. Another allotrope of this element absorbs UV radiation. It has atomic weight 16. Rust is a combination of iron and this. For 10 points, name this element that along with hydrogen is found in water.
Output: Science
He developed the idea of Hebbian learning independently of Hebb and published his model of the brain in the 1952 work The Sensory Order. Around the same time he opposed excessive reductionism in social science in The Counter-Revolution of Science. He came to eschew explanations of business cycles based on changes in interest rates, and his 1939 book Profits, Interests, and Investments contrasts with earlier work in the Austrian vein like The Pure Theory of Capital. He distanced himself from some of his disciples in Why I am Not a Conservative, which was published as an appendix to The Constitution of Liberty. FTP, name this economist, who argued that collectivism leads to tyranny in The Road to Serfdom.
Output: Social Science
While in a flower shop, this woman hears the backfiring of a car that she believes may be carrying the queen; that event occurs shortly after this woman meets Hugh Whitbread. Later, this woman hears of the suicide of a man who jumps out of a window, Septimus Smith. She is visited by Peter Walsh and Sally Seton, making her reconsider her decision to marry Richard. For 10 points, name this party hostess and title character of a stream of consciousness novel by Virginia Woolf.
Output: Literature
During his lifetime, this man withdrew essays he had written on "impudence and modesty" and "the immortality of the soul," while allowing such essays as "Of the Dignity or Meanness of Human Nature" and "Of the Populousness of Ancient Nations" to remain in print. Better known are such essays as "Of Superstition and Enthusiasm" and "Of the Standard of Taste," which appear in his Essays Moral, Political, and Literary. In his autobiographical "My Own Life" he describes his "retreat in France," which was spent at Reims and La Fleche, where he composed his first major work, a book whose three parts consider the understanding, the passions, and the morals. That book "fell dead-born from the press," according to this man, though he had more success with later works like An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding. FTP, name this British thinker who wrote A Treatise of Human Nature.
Output: Social Science
title character of one of his operas sings of being a ruler in "Del pi sublime soglio", which sees Vitellia sing of her anger and grief in "Deh se piacer" and "Non pi di fiori. " For 10 points each: [10] Name this composer of La Clemenza di Tito and Il Re Pastore, both works with libretto by Metastasio.
Output: Fine Arts
The Charlesworth-Langley hypothesis is associated with their location, and the Shapiro intermediate is associated with these objects that often encode the enzyme resolvase. University of Minnesota researcher Perry Hackett used an inactive salmon gene to make an artificial and hyperactive example of one of these that is known as Sleeping Beauty. Their existence was hinted at by the C-value paradox, and they were first identified when working on Dissociation and Activator mutations. Prominent examples include P elements, which are found in Drosophila, Alu sequences, which are found in humans, and members of the Tc1/Mariner family, which operate by a cut-and-paste mechanism. For 10 points, name these genetic elements that were discovered by Barbara McClintock and are able to jump to other sites within the genome.
Output: Science
This city's Tiradentes Palace is home to a state legislature, and its Tijuca National Park is one of the largest urban forests in the world. This city's Sambodrome is found on the Marques de Sapucai. Located on Guanabara Bay, this city's landmarks include a statue on (*) Corcovado Peak. The Avenida Atlantica is located near its Copacabana Beach, and Sugar Loaf Mountain is also found here. For 10 points name this Brazilian city which is overlooked by the Christ the Redeemer statue.
Output: Social Science
This figure is frequently associated with the constellation Ursa Major, whose stars are said to be his footprints, while he shared many similarities with the storm god Hurakan. As the patron god of slaves he punished cruel masters, and he was said to preside over the commoner schools known as telpochcalli. In one story he abducts the flower goddess Xochiquetzal from her husband Tlaloc. In another myth he sacrificed his right foot to kill the primordial crocodile Cipactli, after which he was granted lordship over the First Sun. His most famous possession was a magic smoking mirror, with which he tricked his benevolent archrival into immolating himself. Synonymous with the Jaguar God Tepeyollotli, For ten points, name this Aztec god of the night and the destructive counterpart of Quetzalcoatl. 
Output: Social Science
A 2002 paper by Gu, Peng, Harge, Smalley, and Margrave described the addition of atoms of this element to carbon nanotubes followed by pyrolysis of the nanotubes in order to cut them into roughly fifty nm lengths. An isotope of this element is used in a namesake form of NMR due to its lack of a nuclear Overhauser effect and high magnetogyric ratio, while the Gauche effect can be seen in compounds with two of this element attached to adjacent carbons. This element is found in the molten flux used in the Hall-Heroult process, cryolite. Perhaps the best known compound of this element is created by reacting chloroform with molecules of this element bonded to tin and hydrogen, then mixing the result with steam at nine hundred and fifty degrees Celsius to eliminate the hydrochloric acid. FTP, name this element which is found in Teflon.
Output: Science
One of this author's title characters has a pet raven named Grip, and another one has his Uncle Ralph help him get a job at Dotheboys Hall. Another one of this author's protagonists is sent to Salem House after biting his stepfather Edward Murdstone. In another novel, Jarvis Lorry returns a prisoner to England, where that prisoner stops making shoes to resume his career as a doctor. That doctor's daughter, Lucie Manette, is loved by Sydney Carton. That novel is set during the French Revolution, which this author wrote was "the best of times [and] the worst of times". Name this author of Barnaby Rudge, Nicholas Nickleby, David Copperfield, and A Tale of Two Cities.
Output: Literature
One character in this work is tied down to a tree for the remainder of his life because he believes that the same day continues to repeat itself. The final part of this novel sees the boy with a pig-tail being eaten by ants, fulfilling the prophecy of a traveling gypsy from this work. Permanent Ash-Wednesday crosses grace the foreheads of seventeen characters who are destined to die in this work, and they are all the children of the revolutionary Colonel Aureliano. This work is set in the town of Macondo and focuses on the lives of the Buendia family, whose matriarch Ursula Iguaran lives to be over a century old. For 10 points, identify this novel by Gabriel Garcia Marquez.
Output: Literature
Two figures, dressed in black and devoid of facial features, embrace in this painter's The Kiss, which joins his Death in the Sick Room and The Vampire in his series The Frieze of Life. Another of his paintings from that series was created during a time when the eruption of Krakatoa caused the northern European sky to turn red, perhaps explaining the background of that painting, which depicts a bald figure clutching his head. For 20 points, name this Norwegian painter.
Output: Fine Arts
This ruler built a network of burhs and created the fyrd system in order to repel Viking attacks. Bishop Asser served as the biographer of this ruler, who won the Battles of Ashdown and Chippenham. He collected his law code in the Doom Book, and he signed the Treaty of Wedmore, which established the borders of the (*) Danelaw. At the Battle of Eddington, this ruler defeated the Danes under Guthrum, and he translated Latin works such as Consolation of Philosophy into English. For ten points, identify this English king of Wessex, the only English king to earn the epithet "the Great."
Output: History
This man's father marched toward Locus Castrorum, aware of an ambush set by Caecina at the Battle of Bedriacum, and was known either as Paulinus or Laetus. One lost work by this figure detailed some Critical Signs Used in Books, and some others detailed Methods of Reckoning Time and the Physical Defects of Men. This author of the partly surviving Greek Games and Greek Terms of Abuse described one man who planned to burn all the works of Homer and who rid the Campus Martius of the statues of famous men in his best known work, dedicated to Septicius Clarus, who like him was dismissed for his affair with Vibia Sabina. For 10 points, name this author who wrote On Famous Men and Lives of the Twelve Caesars.
Output: Literature
This man's wet-nurse, Caieta, was buried along a beach in Hesperia. He gave refuge to Anna Perenna, the sister of his former lover. This man's companions included Cloanthus and Ilioneus. His opponents included Menzentius and Queen Camilla in a war occurring because this man was promised the hand of Lavinia, a daughter of Latinus whose suitors included this man's enemy in that war, a Rutulian named Turnus. This man went to the Sybil of Cumae to see his father Anchises in the underworld, which he accomplished with the aid of the golden bough. He may be more famous for an affair that saw a queen throw herself upon a pyre after this man left Carthage for good. For 10 points, name this father of Ascanius who fled Troy to found Rome, falling in love with Dido along the way.
Output: Social Science
A poet from this country proclaimed "The blood of love has robed me in purple" in a poem that repeats the line "Mother far away, my everlasting Rose." Mary Renault set most of her works in this country that owns the island that provides much of the setting for John Fowles's The Magus. An author from this country created Pavli, who drowns himself after being spurned by the Widow. One poet from here wrote "To Axion Esti," while its primary language was used by the poet of "The God Abandons Antony" and "Waiting for the Barbarians." An author from here created a character who opens a coal mining venture with an unnamed narrator and seduces Madame Hortense, and that author described Jesus as overcoming human vices in The Last Temptation of Christ. For 10 points, name this homeland of the creator of Zorba, Nikos Kazantzakis.
Output: Literature
The transfer of these particles is central to Marcus theory, and they are emitted in the Auger [oh-ZHEY] effect. Nitro and cyano groups "withdraw" these particles from conjugated systems. The solvated type of these particles are responsible for the blue color when sodium is dissolved in liquid ammonia. Robert Millikan measured the charge of these particles in the oil drop experiment. Reducing agents can cause other substances to gain these particles, which are depicted in Lewis dot structures. For 10 points, name these negatively charged particles that orbit the nucleus.
Output: Science
Before the honeycomb conjecture, these shapes were the subject of Thomas Hales' proof of the Kepler   conjecture, which gives the most efficient way to pack these shapes into a space. A set consisting  of the complex numbers and a point at infinity is called the Riemann type of this shape. It can   be generated in cylindrical coordinates by setting r 2 + z 2 ["r  squared plus z  squared"] equal to a constant, and this shape can be generated in a coordinate system named for it by setting rho equal  to a constant. Geodesics on this shape are called great circles, and the formula for its volume is  four-thirds pi times radius cubed. Name this three-dimensional figure.
Output: Science
In the introduction to this work's first edition, its author claimed that everything which bears the least semblance of an hypothesis must be excluded, from the considerations of this text. It contains a chapter that points out the flaws of the physico-theological, and ontological arguments, while the history, architectonic, discipline, and canon of the titular concept are addressed in its second section on the Transcendental Doctrines of Method. Containing a derivation of pure conceptions of the understanding, called categories, for ten points, identify this philosophical work which argues for synthetic a priori truths, the first major critique of Immanuel Kant.
Output: Social Science
Copper representations of owls, seeds, and leaves sprout from a red brick library located in this city's downtown area, and the firm KPF associates designed a notable tower in this city that is topped with transparent cylinders. Doric columns were later added to a notable private residence in this city that is also home to the Reliance building. This city's Kluczynski Federal Building is one of several works in it designed by Mies van de Rohe, and this city also contains a building with cantilevered eaves that its architect called the "cornerstone of modern architecture," the Robie House. This city is home to the tallest building in the United States, and its namesake school of architecture was epitomized by the work of Louis Sullivan. For 10 points, name this city whose Willis Tower and Cloud Gate sculpture are situated on the Loop.
Output: Fine Arts
A king orders his subjects to determine what the namesake object is in this man's short story, "A Grain as Big as a Hen's Egg". This author expanded on his first critical success with the collection Childhood: Boyhood and Youth. Another of his stories contains Schwartz and Gerasim, the latter of which is the nurse of the titular deceased character. After the death of Luka, Olenin unsuccessfully proposes to Marianka in his The Cossacks, while one of his most famous novels concerns the Kuragin family and Pierre Bezukhov. For 10 points, identify this Russian author who wrote Anna Karenina and War and Peace.
Output: Literature
This man's father in law was the man to whom the tea that provoked the Boston Tea Party was consigned. His Head of a Man was one of the first portraits of a black man produced by an American and contrasts with his usual subjects, the privileged and wealthy, many of whom would travel to London to be painted. Early canvases like The Return of Neptune foreshadowed his interest in the dramatic events he later chose to portray. But it was his Boy with a Squirrel that caught the eye of Benjamin West and helped make his name. Famous sitters for him included Samuel Adams and Paul Revere, but he is best known for painting historical scenes. FTP name this painter of The Death of Chatham and Watson and the Shark.
Output: Fine Arts
Topkapi Palace was built by a ruler of this empire, and another ruler of this empire signed the Treaty of Zuhab after defeating its neighboring dynasty. Murad IV brought an end to the Jelali revolts led by Karayazici in this empire, and it was later forced to sign the Treaty of Karlowitz. This empire was defeated by Prince Eugene of Savoy at the Siege of Vienna, and its founder defeated the Seljuq dynasty to establish this empire. For 10 points, name this empire once known as the "sick man of Europe," whose rulers included Mehmet II and Suleiman the Magnificent.
Output: History
One composer from this country wrote an opera that features a character named Little Bat, ends with its title character facing down a mob with a shotgun, and is based on the story of Susannah and the Elders. A man from this country composed an opera in which a military chorus sings "The Eight Points of Attention" before the title character sings "News has a kind of mystery." Another composer from this country wrote an opera that begins "On the (*) Kuru Field of Justice" and includes sections inspired by Tolstoy, Tagore, and Martin Luther King. One composer from this country wrote an opera that inspired his composition The Chairman Dances, while another concluded his Portrait Trilogy with the opera Einstein on the Beach. For 10 points, name this home country of Philip Glass and Nixon in China composer John Adams.
Output: Fine Arts
He wrote one play in which the alcoholic Sid Davis is the uncle of Yale football player Arthur and a radical poet who is in love with Muriel McComber, Richard Miller. In addition to Ah, Wilderness!, the only comedy by this man, he wrote about Piet Wetjoen, Cecil Lewis, and Jimmy Tomorrow, who were all involved in the Boer Wars, as well as Ned Darrell, who fathers Gordon Evans with Nina Leeds after she marries Sam Evans, and about a woman with a morphine addiction who is married to a wealthy, aged actor in a play about the Tyrone family. For 10 pointsname this author of Strange Interlude, The Iceman Cometh, and Long Day's Journey into Night.
Output: Fine Arts
This artist created a chalk drawing of his mistress Sien nude, sitting with her head lowered into her arms, entitled Sorrow. This artist used double-square canvases for many paintings that he created in Auvers. A portrait by this artist shows his physician dressed in black and leaning his head over onto his right hand; that subject was Dr. Gachet. One painting this artist created showed a village below the Alpilles mountains and a swirling sky. This painter created a self-portrait that featured a bandage over his right ear. For 10 points, name this Dutch painter of Starry Night.
Output: Fine Arts
General Herr, who had raised the alarm prior to this battle about the decision to remove all emplaced guns smaller than 75mm, spent most of it in the Caures Woods following the "Trommelfeuer. " Historical debate exists about the veracity of the "Christmas Memo" of Falkenhayn regarding this battle, which saw a heroic stand at Fort Souville. It saw a massive supply operation from Bar-le-Duc along the (*) "Sacred Way," and turned when Robert Nivelle crucially recaptured Fort Douaumont. The Somme offensive was partially launched to relieve this attack, which saw the Germans pushed back to the banks of the Meuse. Lasting nearly a year across 1916, FTP, identify this World War I battle occuring at a site that also names an 843 treaty which divided Charlemagen's empire.
Output: History
Dvorak's (duh-VOHR-shack's) concerto for this instrument quotes his song ""Cypresses"" and was inspired by the death of Josefina Cermakova (chair-muh-KOH-vuh). Other virtuosi (ver-tyoo-OH-see) of this instrument include Pablo Casals (kuh-SAHLS) and Mstislav (MIST-ih-slav) Rostropovich (ROSS-tro-POH-vitch). Jacqueline du Pre (doo PRAY) performed Edward Elgar's Concerto for this instrument in B Minor. Johann Sebastian Bach wrote six suites for this (*) unaccompanied instrument. For 10 points, name this instrument notably played by Yo-Yo Ma.
Output: Fine Arts
In Carbon 13 NMR, it is responsible for the splitting of resonance peaks, causing magnetic interactions between hydrogen atoms and carbon-13 isotopes. Electrons can have a magnitude of it equal only to plus or minus Planck's constant divided by 4 times pi. Electrons with the same kind of it are forbidden to share the same orbital, as defined by the Pauli exclusion principle. FTP, name this concept, the angular momentum associated with microscopic particles, and synonymous with the motion you would associate with a top.
Output: Science
The main character discards the remains of a ruined coin bank shaped like a grinning man that he destroys while staying in the apartment of a woman he barely knows named Mary. In one scene a man faints while visiting the Golden Day Tavern after a group of veterans start a brawl. Jim Trueblood's story of how he impregnated his own daughter horrifies the rich trustee Mr. Norton during a campus tour lead by the protagonist, who is ultimately expelled from college by Dr. Bledsoe. The narrator meets Tod Clifton when he joins The Brotherhood before Ras the Exhorter incites a violent race riot in Harlem at the end of this novel. For 10 points, name this novel narrated by a nameless black man, written by Ralph Ellison.
Output: Literature
In a recurring performance in this novel, a legendary goalkeeper boasts of his exploits with the nation's foremost actresses. One character in this novel arouses the suspicion of secret police after he kisses the corpse of a teenager from the local religious school. Following a memorable dialogue at the New Life Cafe, a rebel murders the director of the Ministry of Education for suspected (*) atheism in this novel. After its protagonist, a middling modernist poet, betrays the charismatic terrorist Blue, he loses the trust of his lover Kadife and she refuses to accompany him back to Germany. That protagonist helps orchestrate a doomed adaptation of The Spanish Tragedy, during which Ipek removes her headscarf in this novel. For 10 points, name this novel narrated by Ka during his time in Kars, written by Orhan Pamuk.
Output: Literature
He is said to have purchased three prophetic books from the Cumaean Sibyl and to have deposited them in the temple of Jupiter begun by his father. His nephew Lucius Junius Brutus and his friend Lucius Tarquinius Collatinus led a revolt against him after his son, Sextus, supposedly raped Collatinus' wife Lucretia. The son of Tarquinius Priscus and the son-in-law of Servius Tullius, FTP, identify this man overthrown in 509 BCE, the seventh and last king of Rome.
Output: History
This philosopher distinguished between Qualitative thought and Affective Thought in Philosophy and Civilization, and Sydney Hook was known as this thinker's bulldog. He suggested that works of art actually hinder our ability to understand aesthetics in Art as Experience, and attacked the prevailing stimulus-response theory on the grounds that it creates a false metaphysical and epistemological distinction between sensory stimulation and motor response in The Reflex-Arc Concept in Psychology. Richard Rorty sought to integrate this philosophers thinking with Hegel and Darwin in the Consequences of Pragmatism. For 10 points, name this American philosopher, the author of Experience and Nature, and Democracy and Education.
Output: Social Science
A joint Spanish-Italian invasion of this place ended in a massacre at the Golden Fort, eighty-five years after its parliament was subdued by Poynings's Law. An early battle in this country's history was won by Murchad, on behalf of Murchad's elderly father, who was hacked to death by spiteful Norsemen fleeing the battlefield. This location of the Battle of the Diamond later was the site of the sack of Wexford and the massacre of Drogheda by the same occupier whose agents Cavendish and Burke were murdered by the Invincibles in its Phoenix Park. For 10 points, identify this island whose autonomy was advocated by Charles Parnell and ultimately secured by Eamon de Valera and Michael Collins.
Output: History
Towards the end of the conflict came the invasion of Rugen and the Battle of Stresow, one year after the naval battle at Hango. An important early skirmish was the Battle of Erestfer, where the force of WA von Schlippenbach was attacked. This conflict is also known for battles featuring field marshal Charles Eugene de Croy and cavalry commander Adam Lewenhaupt. The Peace of Altranstadt was signed forcing Augustus the Strong to resign six years after major victory came for Charles XII at the Battle of Narva. Ended by the Treaty of Nystadt, its most famous battle was fought at Poltava. FTP, name this war fought from 1700-1721 largely between Sweden and Russia.
Output: History
A non-referee named Phil Luckett was Quartermaster General for this state in the Civil War, and its folklore celebrates servant Emily West distracting an enemy general by having sex with him. This state was where James Fannin and his men were massacred, and it was the site of the infamous brothel known as the Chicken Ranch. The end of slavery in this state is commemorated with the holiday (*) Juneteenth, and General John Bell Hood left Kentucky to fight for it in the Civil War. This modern-day state was the site of the Goliad Massacre, which was avenged in the 1836 Battle of San Jacinto. A popular folk song describes its "yellow rose." For 10 points, name this southern state that once existed as an independent republic led by Sam Houston.
Output: History
The first act of this opera sees an Italian tenor perform the aria Di rigori armato for one of the central characters until he is interrupted by another characters heated argument with an attorney over wedding gift etiquette. Three central characters sing the third act trio Hab' mir's gelobt in this opera, which opens with one character hiding from the chocolate-bearing servant Mohammed. A male character courts the antagonist of this opera in the guise of the servant girl Mariandel. After helping trick Baron Ochs into releasing his engagement, the aging Marschallin allows Octavian to pursue the younger Sophie. For 10 points, name this opera in which Octavian falls in love with Sophie after ritually presenting her with the title flower on behalf of Baron Ochs, a comic opera by Richard Strauss.
Output: Fine Arts
This author of the terrible poem "Cape Cod" wrote about his admiration for the materialism of Lucretius in one work, and discussed the formation of primal wills by equating them with Newton 's Laws of Motion in a work that discusses the origin of liberty, Dominations and Powers. He examined the formalization of Calvinism in The Genteel Tradition at Bay and depicted the Stranger and Socrates discussing democratic governments in another work. He discussed the consequences of giving up (*) "passive intuition" and obtaining essence from experience in another major tract, while another text by this author of Dialogues of Limbo identifies spirit, truth, matter, and essence as the titular Realms of Being. FTP, identify this author of The Last Puritan and Skepticism and Animal Faith, who in The Life of Reason warned that those who cannot remember history are condemned to repeat it.
Output: Social Science
This poem mentions hedgerows which are "hardly hedgerows" but "little lines / Of sportive wood run wild," which are seen by the speaker as he sits under a "dark sycamore. " Some "steep and lofty cliffs" impress upon the poet "thoughts of more deep seclusion," and he thinks that the "wreaths of smoke" might rise from "vagrant dwellers in the houseless woods. " In the final section of the poem, the poet describes his "cheerful faith" that "all which we behold / Is full of blessings" to his sister Dorothy, who went with him on the walking tour that is this poem's subject. FTP, name this poem which was composed a few miles above a site on the river Wye, a 1798 work by William Wordsworth.
Output: Literature
The determinant of a Vandermonde matrix is usually called one of these things. Power sums are related to "symmetric" varieties of these things by the Newton identities. The solutions of these things can be quickly tested with Horner's method. The elementary symmetric function for these things are defined by Vieta's formulas. Their types of solutions can be determined by using (*) Descartes's rule of signs. A complex solution to these functions always exists according to the fundamental theorem of algebra. Their degree is equal to their number of roots. For 10 points, name these functions that consist of a sum of variables raised to non-negative integer powers and multiplied by coefficients, such as cubics and quadratics.
Output: Science
One king of this country committed suicide in 1820 by shooting himself with a silver bullet rather than face a coup. A more recent ruler of this country ordered the deaths of all black dogs due to the shape-shifting abilities of a rival. That ruler of this country was served by his brutal secret police force known as the Tonton Macoutes. This country once led by Papa Doc Duvalier fought for independence under Henri Christophe, Jean-Jacques Dessalines, and Toussaint L'Ouverture. FTP, name this Caribbean country on the western side of the island of Hispaniola.
Output: History