niryuu/sni-each-converted huggingface dataset:
A persistent rumor contemporary with this paintings first exhibition in 1782 had it that the artist ate raw pork for inspiration. On the stand at the lower left are glass and clay jars which some critics suggest could contain laudanum, while the central figures are framed by a burgundy drape in the background which matches the sheet on which the prone female lies. The animal in the upper left has pale eyes with no iris or pupils visible, while the figure atop the woman looks at the viewer pensively with his left hand cradling his chin. Loaded with sexual overtones and featuring a horse looking on while an incubus sits on a sleeping womans chest, for 10 points, name this work by Henry Fuseli depicting a bad dream.
Output: Fine Arts
Baldwin of Exeter raised 3,000 volunteers for this conflict, and its Battle of Arsuf led to the occupation of Jaffa. Guy of Lusignan quickly remarried to maintain power after his wife died during it, and he helped capture Acre. Philip II of France withdrew from this war rather than work with Richard(*) the Lionheart. Earlier in the war, Frederick Barbarossa had drowned while attempting to cross a river in Turkey. For 10 points, identify this war where European forces tried to recapture Jerusalem from Saladin.
Output: History
This man's feet are smaller than they should be in a foreshortened depiction of him by Andrea Mantegna. In another painting, a semi-circular slab above a window behind him appears to give him a halo as he sits next to a blue-sleeved man with index finger pointed upwards. This figure's death is shown in 4 dimensions in Dali's Corpus Hypercubus, and in a Rubens painting, incredibly (*) muscular men attempt to lift this man while he is attached to another object. For ten points, identify this long-haired man who appears often in artwork like the Pieta, where his body is held by his mother, the Virgin Mary.
Output: Fine Arts
This man refuted Eikon Basilike and tried to justify the execution of Charles I in Eikonoklastes, and he wrote a closet drama about a man who used an ass's jawbone to kill some Philistines. In addition to Samson Agonistes, this man excluded Catholics from his anti-censorship work Areopagitica and wrote a sonnet "on his blindness" entitled "When I Consider How My Light is Spent." One work by this man sees Lucifer cast down from Heaven to Pandemonium. He eulogized Edward King in "Lycidas" and wrote an epic poem about "man's first disobedience, and the fruit." For 10 points, name this English poet of Paradise Lost.
Output: Literature
While this man was briefly the acting Secretary of War, his opposition of the Second Bank of the United States got him in trouble with the Senate and he was not confirmed for Treasury Secretary. He was also unsuccessfully appointed to replace Gabriel Duvall, but when he eventually attained his most famous position he wrote a majority opinion upholding federal law against Wisconsin law in Ableman v. Booth. He was potentially issued an arrest warrant as a result of a ruling while he was serving as a District Judge that found that a man had been unlawfully held in Fort McHenry because Congress had not issued that Habeas Corpus could be revoked in Ex Parte Merryman. In another case, he ruled that a state should not be prevented from granting a new contract to the proprietors of the Warren Bridge in the Charles River Bridge Case. Most famous for declaring that people of African descent were not US citizens, FTP, identify this Chief Justice of the Supreme Court who infamously gave the majority opinion in Dred Scott.
Output: History
In Thailand, silk brocade is tied to a certain type of these objects to appease the Nang Takien spirit that lives in them. Shintos often decorate parts of the sakaki type of this thing with washi or silk to create tamagushi offerings to kami. Priests of the Oracle of Dodona divined Zeus' will by listening to a sacred one of these things. The Israeli Tu B'Shvat seder involves eating the their products and is also called the New (*) Year of these objects. The Vajrashila in front of a peepal one of these things marks where Buddha sat for a week before he reached enlightenment, and Eve was convinced by a snake to eat the fruit of one of these things. For 10 points, name these large plants, exemplified by the Bodhi, as well as those "of Life" and "of Knowledge".
Output: Social Science
This thinker was succeeded by Theophrastus (THEE-oh-FRASS-tuss) as leader of his school. Commentaries on his work form the bulk of the philosophy of Averroes (AH-vuh-ROE-ess). He named his major work on ethics after his son, and he put forth the "impetus" theory of motion in his Physics. This leader of the Peripatetic school was a (*) tutor of Alexander the Great, and himself was a student of Plato. For 10 points, name this ancient Greek, whose Politics and Nichomachean Ethics are foundational texts of philosophy.
Output: Social Science
He's not Italian, but in one of this artist's paintings, one of the title figures has red cheeks and holds her knife upright, about to behead Holofernes, who is not seen on the canvas. Pablo Picasso based his Massacre in Korea on a work by this man, who painted two men stuck in a layer of mud about to hit each other in his Fight with Cudgels. That work appears in the same series as one showing Saturn chewing on his son's hand. This artist of the Black Paintings depicted a figure throwing his hands up in the air as a firing squad points guns at him in his most famous work. For 10 points, name this Spanish court painter to Charles IV, who painted The Third of May, 1808.
Output: Fine Arts
Plectosteles, present in some club mosses, have interconnected plates of this tissue, and whether a plant is ectophloic or amphiphloic is determined by whether this tissue is surrounded on both sides or on one. Its two principal forms may be differentiated by the size of one of their component cells, called tracheids, and another highly lignified type, vessel elements, are produced by the fusiform initials of angiosperms. While only the proto- and meta- forms exist in monocots, in dicots and gymnosperms, another form grows inward from the vascular cambium, called the "secondary" this. For 10 points, identify this plant tissue responsible for water and mineral transport, complemented by the phloem.
Output: Science
This country organized a response to a plane hijacking called Operation Thunderbolt that successfully released hostages in the Entebbe Raid. Another reaction by this country came in the Operation Wrath of God, which was a response to Black September's actions at the Munich Olympics. This country launched a highly successful attack in the Six-Day War and was itself attacked in the Yom Kippur War. For 20 points, name this country in the Middle East that was created in 1948.
Output: History
This figures children include Golgos and Beroe. Daedalus presented a honeycomb to he at shrine at Eryx, and she slept with Butes at Lilybaeum. Born to Dione at Paphos, she castrated Attis and caused the daughter of Phoenix, Smyrna, to procreate with her father, resulting in a child born from a myrrh tree. She also gave birth to Rhodus and Herophilus for Poseidon and produced an androgynous being for Hermes. When her husband was supposed to be on holiday on Lemnos, she got trapped in a net with Ares. For ten points, name this Greek deity born from the foam of the sea, the goddess of desire and love.
Output: Social Science
He negotiated the Burlingame Treaty with Anson Burlingame, ensuring most favored nation status between the U.S. and China. By allying himself with Thurlow Weed he was able to gain the support of the newly formed Whig party and soon gained the governorship of New York from 1839 to 1843. While recovering from a carriage accident, he was stabbed in the neck by Lewis Powell the same night his boss was killed. FTP, identify this man, Lincoln's Secretary of State, best known for his purchase of Alaska.
Output: History
This empire used a system of local government in which an obirempon or "Big Man" served as a regional ruler, and it employed a communication system called "talking drums". This kingdom rose to prominence with its victory over Ntim Gyakari at the Battle of Feyiase, which cemented their dominance over the Denkyira people. This empire's last resistance was led by Queen Yaa in 1900, and their capital had earlier been burned by the British general Garnet Wolseley. This empire's cofounders were Osei Kofi Tutu, who wielded political power, and his chief priest Okomfo Anokye, who made the Golden Stool descend from the heavens. With its capital at Kumasi, for 10 points, name this African empire centered in present-day Ghana.
Output: History
NGC 206 is the brightest area in this object, whose largest globular cluster is known as Mayal II or Globular One. Ernst Hartwig observed the only supernova originating from here in 1885, and it appears to have a double nucleus and at least 14 satellites, including M110 and M32. Originally called the "little cloud" by al Sufi, it is found in its namesake constellation, which is itself near the Pegasus constellation. Edwin Hubble used Cepheid variables to show definitively that it was not part of the Milky Way. For 10 points, name this astronomical object, number 31 in Messier's catalogue, the nearest large spiral galaxy to the Milky Way.
Output: Science
An artifact found at land, Sweden was used to invoke this figure for protection and is known as the Kvinneby amulet. In one story, he breaks a pillar by throwing a goblet and disguises himself as a youth to get on a rowboat to catch some bait, but Hymir cuts his fishing line before he is able to unleash Sky-Bellower on his target. In another, Utgarda-Loki tricks him into wrestling with Elli, the personification of old age, before turning a certain monster into a cat and convincing this character to try to lift him. Tanngrisnir and Tanngnjostr are a pair of goats who draw this gods chariot, and he lives in the palace Bilskirnir. He is fated to take nine steps before dying from his adversarys poison after killing Jormungandr, the Midgard Serpent, at Ragnarok. FTP, name this Norse god, the owner of Megingjord, a belt which grants him strength, and Mjolnir, a war-hammer that causes lightning.
Output: Social Science
From 1933 to 1947, this man simultaneously served as a professor of economics at the Stockholm School of Economics and a Social Democratic member of the Swedish parliament. Later, he was the executive secretary of the UN Economic Commission for Europe, after which he wrote An Inquiry into the Poverty of Nations. This mans seminal work had originally been intended to be a study on class, and he later wished to do a similar study on gender but could not find funding. Despite arguing for the abolition of the Nobel Prize in Economics because it had been also given to economic liberals, this man won it in 1974 for evaluating the interdependence of economic, social, and institutional phenomena. FTP; name this social scientist famous for his study, An American Dilemma.
Output: Social Science
When these structures are wounded, they are patched up by peroxisome-dense double membranous microbodies named for Woronin. The growth of these structures are controlled by organelles called spitzenkorpers. These structures are made up of individual cells that are divided by septa. Yeasts are unicellular, and thus do not have these structures. For 10 points, name these branching filaments that collectively form the mycelium in fungi.
Output: Science
This philosopher claimed that mathematics instills "a habit of reasoning closely and in train" in a work which also argues that those who know a smattering of everything are far from attaining truth. This author of On the Conduct of the Understanding also argued that having a variety of religious groups helps prevent civil unrest but condemned Roman Catholics and atheists in A (*) Letter Concerning Toleration. This thinker postulated that the role of government was to protect its people's natural rights of life, liberty, and property and claimed that the mind was a "tabula rasa" in An Essay Concerning Human Understanding. For ten points, name this English Enlightenment philosopher who discussed the social contract in his Two Treatises of Government.
Output: Social Science
One character in this work believes that religion is "bad sex," while another responds to any question with common advertising slogans in an attempt to avoid confronting his pathological religious obsession. The protagonist gets up the nerve to ask out a girl under the influence of a placebo "truth pill. " Dr. Martin Dysart theorizes that the protagonist's obsession originated began with the replacement of a picture of the Crucifixion with one of the titular animal, and the protagonist blinds six of those animals after he fails to get an erection with Jill Taylor. FTP, name this 1973 play written by Peter Shaffer, in which Alan Strang is obsessed with horses.
Output: Literature
One part of this work relates how the killing of a giant ox for a wedding feast leads to the revelation of how beer is brewed, while another section of this work is told by the bride-adviser. One character in this work finds himself stuck in a swamp after losing a singing contest while another character, whose kenning is "Blue-Stockings," kills himself after discovering that he accidentally slept with his sister, At the end of this work, a character born from an eggshell leaves the world in a copper boat while another character in this work is resurrected by his mother after being killed by the herder Soppy Hat. This work's later parts concern the struggle against Louhi, the woman of Pohjola for possession of the Sampo, forged by one of the main characters. For ten points, identify this epic poem collected by Elias Lonnrott which tells of the adventures of Vainamoinen, Lemminkhainen, and Ilmarinen, the national epic of Finland.
Output: Literature
Vocal works by this man include Gigantic Waves and Your Little Black Eyes, and he left his opera Will-o-the-Wisp unperformed upon his death. Artur Rubinstein commissioned a Fantasia by this man, who wrote incidental music to the dramas The Passion and Daybreak. One of his better-known works contains a famous ritornello in the section Jota, Stage works include the puppet opera The Tale of Master Pedro and his first opera, The Brief Life, but better-known are a set of symphonic impressions, known as Nights in the Garden of his home nation, and a gypsy revel, El Amor Brujo. FTP name this Spanish composer, best-known for the ballet The Three-Cornered Hat.
Output: Fine Arts
This man's only piano sonata has two movements entitled "Presentiment" and "Death" and was originally entitled From the Street. Chocholka, the hen, Mrs. Paskova, and the namesake Bystrouska are all featured in The Cunning Little Vixen, the final scene of which was performed at his funeral. His nationalistic Sinfonietta is subtitled Sokol festival, and the flirtatious relationship between Baron Adolf and Poluska is depicted in the opera The Beginning of a Romance. Emilia searches for an alchemical formula in his The (*) Makropoulos Affair, while Dostoevsky inspired his From the House of the Dead. His best-known opera centers on the mutilated title character, whose baby is murdered by her stepmother to allow her to marry Laca. FTP, identify this composer of Jenufa, who joins Smetana and Dvorak among famous Czech composers.
Output: Fine Arts
The close distribution of its solutions is known as Lehmer's Phenomenon. It constrains the function f of z in the plane of an open disk with radius less than 1/4 according to the Voronin Universality Theorem. The eigenvalues of a suitable Hermitian operator are given by its nonimaginary solutions at one half plus i times E sub-n according to the Berry Conjecture. For the right half plane, it is given by the Dirichlet eta function, and it may be extended by the reflection functional equation to the entire complex plane, though it contains a singularity for the case s equals 1. FTP, name this special function defined as the natural analytic extension of the sum over every positive integer n of 1 over n to the s, whose non-trivial zeros may have real part equal to one half.
Output: Science
After lying to another deity with a flower, he was cursed to no longer be worshipped on earth. This god's city is found within the heavens situated atop Mount Meru. After assuming the form of a swan, this figure was attacked after lying about reaching one end of the lingam. This led to him losing one of his five heads, with which he saw in every direction. Using his own substance, he created his consort, Sarasvati. In his four (*) arms, he carries a water jug, a scepter, a bow or spoon, and the Vedas. For 10 points, name this creator god of the Hindu trimurti.
Output: Social Science
This composer's operatic collaborations with Abbate Giulio Convo include Irene, Il Giustino, and his first opera, Ottavia Restored to the Throne. He wrote two notable masses labeled "Quator Vocum" and "La Stella", or "The Star". His most notable works include a set of thirty didactic keyboard pieces entitled Essercizi. Although his works were catalogued by Giorgio Pestelli and Alessandro Longo, the authoritative version of his works was compiled by Ralph Kirkpatrick, giving them the K. numbers. FTP, name this Italian keyboardist and composer of a set of five hundred fifty-five keyboard sonatas, the son of opera composer Alessandro.
Output: Fine Arts
It is equal to the enthalpy change minus the temperature times the entropy change. Under standard conditions, it is also equal to negative R T times the natural log of K, where R is the gas law constant, T is the absolute temperature, and K is the equilibrium constant for the reaction; thus a high negative value indicates a forward-going reaction. FTP, identify this quantity, named for a Yale chemist, which is a measure of the spontaneity of a reaction.
Output: Science
Austin Bourkes The Visitation of God is a history of this event, which was slightly mitigated by John Heslows extraction methods. It was worsened by the bungled roads to nowhere make-work program put forth by Charles Trevelyan, who was charged with handling this matter by Prime Minister Russell. Known locally as An Gorta Mor, it spurred the use of coffin ships for the emigration of 1.5 million people to North America and led to the repeal of the Corn Laws. Caused by phytophthora infestans, which triggers late blight, it caused over a million deaths. For 10 points, name this 1845 to 1849 crop failure in Ireland.
Output: History
One author from this country wrote the poetry collection The Never-Ending Lightning and a work that features the wily Vizcacha. That work's title character reappears in a story by another author from this country, "The End," which also features the brother of a slain black payador [pie-a-DORE]. A third author from this country wrote a novel featuring the characters Gregorovius and Rocamadour, as well as the collection Secret Weapons, which includes the story "The Droolings of the Devil. " In addition to the works Rayuela and Martn Fierro, this country's writers have produced the novel Betrayed by Rita Hayworth and the story collection The Garden of Forking Paths. For 10 points, name this home of Jorge Luis Borges and Manuel Puig, who wrote The Buenos Aires Affair.
Output: Literature
He founded a group of amateur actors known as the Serpent Players and developed the concept of "pure theater" after coming across the ideas of drama theorist Jerzy Grotowski. He produced his first play, No-Good Friday, in 1958 and collaborated with John Kani and Winston Ntshona on such dramas as The Island and Sizwe Bansi is Dead. His work Tsotsi depicted Sophiatown ghetto existence, while Playland is set on the eve of Nelson Mandela's release from prison. FTP, identify this South African playwright perhaps best known for "MASTER HAROLD"...and the Boys and The Blood Knot.
Output: Literature
Due to their icy composition, some of these objects such as 60588 Echeclus can be classified as both asteroids and comets due to their exhibition of coma. Although they possess a wide variety of colors making the classification of surface composition difficult, they are usually classified into two major color groups: very red and blue-grey. None have ever been imaged by spacecraft, but there is evidence that Saturns moon Phoebe may be a captured object of this type. Orbiting between Jupiter and Neptune, FTP, what icy planetoids, the best known of which is Chiron, and are named after half-men, half-horses from Greek mythology.
Output: Social Science
He began a novel, Die Davidsbundler, in 1831 while studying piano under his future father-in-law. He later used the names of two of its characters, Florestan and Eusebius, to describe his own split personality. That mental illness led him to throw himself into the Rhine in 1854, and he died two years later in a sanatorium near Bonn, where the only visitor he welcomed was Brahms. FTP, name this German composer of the Rhenish and Spring Symphonies, who was married to Clara.
Output: Fine Arts
This deity rescued Aurvandil, or Earendil, from the frozen waste and made a star out of his toe; by reporting this, he disrupted the concentration of Aurvandil's wife, the witch Groa, in the middle of her incantations. This deity has a whetstone lodged in his head from his duel against the Mist Calf and the giant Hrungnir. This god kept the dwarf (*) Alvis awake until the sun turned him to stone. He took Thialfi as his servant after Thialfi ate one of the marrows of the goats that drive his chariot. This husband of Sif will kill and be killed by the World Serpent at Ragnarok. For 10 points, name this wielder of Mjollnir, the Norse god of thunder.
Output: Social Science
They are divided into two classes based on the ratio of the penetration depth to the coherence length, a quantity known as the Ginsburg-Landau parameter. Alexei Abrikosov discovered his namesake vortex lattice in one type, and the London equation describes a characteristic behavior of these materials similar to perfect diamagnetism. A complete theory of the type I variety of these substances, including the concept of the pairing of opposite-spin electrons over long distances, is known as the BCS theory. Discovered by Heike Kammerlingh-Onnes, FTP, identify these substances which exhibit zero electrical resistivity.
Output: Science
One of this man's protagonists holds canasta parties with a lesbian who later reveals a secret that prompts a character to attempt suicide by drinking methanol. One of this author's characters is given a copy of League of the Divine Wind by a youth who later assassinates the capitalist Kurahara. One of this author's protagonists sees a trio of moles on the bodies of the Thai princess Ying Chan, the orphan Toru, and the ultranationalist Isao, all of whom are thought to be (*) reincarnations of Kiyoaki. He created Shigekuni Honda, who appears in such novels as Runaway Horses and Spring Snow. This founder of the Tatenokai committed seppuku after a failed 1970 coup. For 10 points, name this author of the Sea of Fertility tetralogy, a Japanese novelist who also penned The Temple of the Golden Pavilion.
Output: Literature
This empire's first ruler defeated the Kaniaga dynasty at the Battle of Kirina and established this empire. That man was named Sundiata Keita, and all of the resulting rulers of this empire were descended from him. One of this empire's greatest cities was Timbuktu, a great center of trade where many libraries and Islamic universities were built. This empire's most famous ruler brought with him sixty thousand people and two hundred camels laden with gold on his hajj. For 10 points, name this empire, whose ruler Mansa Musa depreciated the value of gold in Cairo during his pilgrimage to Mecca.
Output: History
This figure once fended off an attack by the centaurs Hylaeus and Rhaecus, after which she was insulted by Eurypylus and Iphicles. This woman once made love in a temple of Cybele, which led to her and her husband being turned into lions. One of this figure's sons, a friend of Telephus, was one of the Seven against Thebes; that son was Parthenopaeus. When Althea's sisters attempted to take from her a fur she won for drawing first blood at a hunt, their nephew Meleager killed them. Later, this woman  was distracted when Hippomenes threw three golden apples, causing her to lose a footrace. For 10 points, identify this only female Argonaut and hunter of the Calydonian Boar.
Output: Social Science
This composer's Partita No. 2 for solo violin includes a lengthy chaconne, and he wrote fifteen two-part inventions for keyboards. He wrote a series of notes representing his name in Contrapunctus XIV of one work, and used(*) strings to create a "halo" effect around Jesus's words in his St. Matthew Passion. This composer dedicated six concertos to the margrave Christian Ludwig, and he wrote two books of preludes and fugues in every key. For 10 points, name this German Baroque composer who wrote the The Art of the Fugue, Brandenburg Concertos, and The Well-Tempered Clavier.
Output: Fine Arts
Common uses of this mechanism include converting heat from kerosene into power for radios in remote areas and detecting small amounts of heat exchange in enzymes. At high temperatures platinum and rhodium are used, but at moderate temperatures, iron may be used. It states that if two wires of different materials are joined at their ends and one end is maintained at a higher temperature than the other, a voltage difference will arise, and an electric current will exist between the hot and the cold junctions. FTP, name this physical effect, an analogue of the Peltier effect.
Output: Science
Green, red, yellow, white, and blue make-up the symbolic star of this faith; these colors represent the five ministers that govern it. Members in Syria are known as Jabal and believe in the divine unity of humanity and reincarnation. A namesake revolt in 1925 resulted in the exile of its leaders to Palmyra, although this was ended two years later. Knowledge of the Kitab-al-hikma is restricted to those who have made the passage from juhhal to uqqal, from "ignorant" or "knower. " It is likely that the object of their worship is the former Fatimid caliph al-Hakim. FTP, name this highly secretive sect of Islam which derives its name from that of a forerunner of the community, Muhammad al-Durazi.
Output: Social Science
Against the satisfaction theory of St. Anselm's Cur Deus Homo, this man claimed that the role of the Christ's death was to exemplify perfect love. In his commentary on the Epistle to the Romans, this man claimed that the only punishment faced by unbaptized infants is separation from God, prefiguring the idea of limbo. His contention that reason has a role to play in interpreting faith angered "anti-dialecticians" such as Bernard of Clairvaux, who had nineteen of this philosopher's propositions condemned at the Council of Siens. This founder of the Oratory of the Paraclete assembled citations from opposing patristic authorities on 158 questions in one book. This man's Historia Calamitatum documented an affair that caused Fulbert to have him castrated. For 10 points, name this Scholastic philosopher who wrote Sic et Non and had an affair with Heloise d'Argenteuil
Output: Social Science
The rise of nationalism in this country can be seen in operas like The Dog Heads and The Devil and Kate. The string quartet Intimate Letters was written for a quartet named for this country, which included the composer Josef Suk. The Israeli national anthem shares its melody with a symphonic poem about a river that runs through the capital of this country. A well-known opera set in this country features Kostelnicka drowning the titular girl's baby in a river, while the "dance of the comedians" appears in an opera from this country about Jenik's desire to marry the otherwise engaged Marenka, The Bartered Bride. FTP name this Central European nation, the home of Leon Janacek and Bedrich Smetana.
Output: Fine Arts
Aristotle claimed that this man led Leucippus to develop atomic theory by providing an ontological argument against the possibility of a void. This person divided reality into a gentle flame and what he described as "ignorant night. " In one work, this person concluded that because nothing came from nothing, nothing could be destroyed. This thinker's only surviving work is divided into two sections; one of those sections is The Way of Opinions, which describes the outside world as deceitful. The other section of this philosopher's work, The Way of Truth, describes how change is impossible and existence is timeless and uniform. For ten points, name this founder of the Eleatic School.
Output: Social Science
A defective enzyme in this structure is the cause of I-cell disease. Transport from this structure is regulated by GGA1, which binds to ADP ribosylation factor 1, while transport to this structure is inhibited by brefeldin A. In sperm, this structure develops into another structure which uses hyaluronidase and acrosin to facilitate sperm-egg binding. This precursor to the acrosome is the site where addition of (*) N-acetylglucosamine to serine and threonine residues and other forms of O-linked glycosylation takes place. This organelle receives COP2 coated vesicles at its cis face, and it consists of a series of stacks termed cisternae. For 10 points, name this organelle which packages and distributes proteins incoming from the endoplasmic reticulum and is named for its Italian discoverer.
Output: Science
They are often heard today in an arrangement for modern orchestra by Bernardino Molinari. They appear as the first works in the composer's Opus 8, collectively known as The Trial of Harmony and Invention, and the composer wrote sonnets for each of them which explain the program of the music. FTP, identify this group of four concerti grossi, which depict birds singing, a hunting scene, and a walk on ice, the most famous works of Antonio Vivaldi.
Output: Fine Arts
In analyzing 31 flybys of this body in 1996, scientist found gravitational anomalies in one, providing evidence for its lumpy interior, while NIMS detected such ocean salts as magnesium sulfate here in 2000, supporting the theory of an ocean deep below its surface. The Hubble Space Telescope detected a thin ozone around this body, and one feature of its surface is the Memphis Facula, which is located within a large dark region known as the Galileo Regio. This body is the only moon in the solar system with a magnetosphere. For 10 points, name this Galilean moon of Jupiter, the largest in our solar system.
Output: Science
This thinker is the namesake of a paradox that is a logical formation of the problem of evil. His few extant works include a letter explaining his physical theory and addressed to Herodotus. Like Democritus, he was an atomist, though his version included the possibility of swerves in atomic motion to allow for free will. His major ethical teachings included that the soul is not immortal and that the person should strive to attain ataraxia. For 10 points, name this Greek philosopher who taught that the only goal in life should be to maximize ones pleasure.
Output: Social Science
This composer dedicated to King Edward VII "the passionate pilgrimage of [his] soul", his E-flat major 2nd Symphony. This composer included "But hark! upon my sense comes a fierce hubbub" and "I go before my judge" in a choral setting of a Cardinal Newman poem. This composer of The Dream of Gerontius included the movements (*) "Ysobel" and "Nimrod" in a work dedicated to his "friends pictured within," and his tune for "The Land of Hope and Glory" is often played at graduations. For ten points, name this English composer of The Enigma Variations and Pomp and Circumstance.
Output: Fine Arts
wrote of a bride who begs "O Love, love, hold me fast" in a dialogue with a Ghost and a Bridegroom called "The Hour and the Ghost. " One of her characters "watched for a waxing shoot" after planting a "kernel-stone" by "the wall that faced the south. " She appended an epigraph from Dante and Petrarch to each of the sonnets that make up her fourteen part "sonnet of sonnets" called Monna Innominata. She asked "Who has seen the wind" in one of the nursery rhymes collected in (*) Sing-Song. A central character of another of her poems gives up a lock of her golden hair after hearing cries of "Come buy, come buy. " For 10 points, name this poet who wrote of Lizzie and Laura's encounter with lecherous fruit merchants in Goblin Market, the sister of Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood member Dante.
Output: Literature
Sheila Coulson sparked controversy by claiming a rock sculpture of a python, discovered in this country's Tsodilo Hills in 2006, was 70,000 years old and thus the oldest extant site of human rituals. This country's economy was bolstered by a 2000 expansion of its Orapa Mine, while its first economic boom followed a gold rush in its second most populous city, Francistown. This country's government is engaged in an ongoing controversy over land and water rights with its San (*) Bushmen, and many tourists to this country see the wildlife that congregates in an endorheic basin formed where the Okavango River simply stops flowing in the middle of the Kalahari Desert. For 10 points, name this southern African country whose capital is Gaborone.
Output: Social Science
This area was labeled "unincorporated" in the 1922 Balzac case, relying on a distinction about this place first put forth in Downes v. Bidwell. This place was industrialized by Operation Bootstrap with the guidance of "brian trust" member Rexford Tugwell. This place's residents were made citizens by the Jones Act, and an early government here was created by the (*) Foraker Act. After the Jayuya uprising, radicals from this place went to Blair House to try and assassinate Harry Truman, and the FBI began suppressing its independence movement. For 10 points, name this island captured by Nelson Miles, a United States Commonwealth in the Caribbean.
Output: History
The Damaocloids are believed to originate from this region, and Bierman suggested that molecular clouds' disruption of it was critical to its formation. 2008 KV42 is believed to originate from here, and it was hypothesized to exist due to bodies perturbed by planets becoming decoupled from planetary regions by perturbations from stars. Its discoverer also names a pair of constants that relate the sun's distance and motion from the galactic center, and its inner region is named for Hills. Long-period comets originate from this region, which has been hypothesized to be perturbed by Gliese 710, or Nemesis. For 10 points, name this sperical region of comets, rocks, and dust about one light-year from the sun.
Output: Science
This painter of a self-portrait in camouflage created a mural that was destroyed for showing 22 mug-shots of criminals. This creator of Thirteen Most Wanted Men depicted an empty electric chair hazed with red in his Death and Disaster series. He illustrated the numbness caused by overexposure in a work that uses four images of the title figure before and after her husband's assassination. In another series, he depicted the title figure in garish colors and red lipstick. For 10 points, name this Pop artist who created silkscreen paintings of Jacqueline Kennedy, Mao Zedong, and Campbell's Soup Cans.
Output: Fine Arts
An aldehyde can be converted to one of these compounds by first being converted to an oxime and then undergoing dehydration. In turn, these compounds can be reduced to aldehydes by treatment with stannous chloride and hydrochloric acid, followed by hydrolysis. Immediate hydrolysis in the presence of an acid or a base yields their corresponding carboxylic acid and they can also be reduced, in the presence of lithium aluminum hydride, to primary amines. FTP, name these organic compounds characterized by a carbon triple bonded to a nitrogen.
Output: Science
This poet described a "soft floating witchery of sound" in one poem. The speaker of another poem by this author asks "Is the night chilly and dark" before answering "The night is chilly, but not dark." The speaker of one of his poems describes "viper thoughts, that coil around my mind" and references the "grand old ballad of Patrick Spence." Another of his poems proclaims "No sound is dissonant which tells of life." This poet of "This Lime-Tree Bower My Prison" and "The Eolian Harp" is best known for a work whose title character orders a structure to be built alongside the river Alph. For 10 points, name this poet of "Dejection: An Ode" and Christabel, who described a character building a "stately pleasure dome" in Xanadu in his unfinished "Kubla Khan."
Output: Literature
The protagonist of this novel spends much of the early chapters traveling on the Great North Road to his family estate. The title character of this novel is married to Helen Campbell and she has Morris executed. The protagonist of this work must recover some of his merchant father William's documents that were stolen by his cousin and he befriends the merchant, Bailie Nicol Jarvie. Late in this novel Andrew Fairservice and the protagonist, Francis Osbaldistone, are arrested while on their way to meet the titular outlaw, who at the end of this novel escapes some soldiers by diving into the river and later kills Rashleigh. Set, like its author's earlier Waverly, during a failed Jacobite rebellion, for ten points, identify this Walter Scott novel about the titular Scottish highwayman. 
Output: Literature
One conflict in this country saw the Duke of Guise fight for the throne with two other men named Henry. This country signed the Evian Accords in 1962 with Algeria. In the 8th century, this was the site where Charles Martel was victorious at the Battle of Tours. This country was led by (*) Nicolas Sarkozy until the 2012 elections. For 10 points, name this country once led by Charles de Gaulle.
Output: History
The last chapter of Erich Auerbachs Mimesis, The Brown Stocking, is devoted to this work. The sixth chapter of its last section is a bracketed description of Macalisters son cutting a square into a fish, while in its first part, the central character rails against the English dairy system after Bankes suggests they drink coffee and pities Charles for not being as attractive as Paul Rayley, who later marries Minta Doyle. Though the war in its middle section makes Augustus Carmichaels poetry more popular, it also results in the death of that characters son Andrew; she also dies suddenly. Its first section ends with that character silently telling her philospher husband James that it will be too wet to row to the title structure. FTP, name this work about the Ramsays, by Virginia Woolf.
Output: Literature
This conflict saw the death of Florimund de Mercy fighting against the Marshals de Broglie and Coigny at San Pietro. Reinforcements under Charles Emmanuel III of Sardinia participated in the late Battle of Guastalla. After the issuance of a manifesto at Konigsberg, Adam Tarlo formed a confederation to oppose the army of Peter Lacy. Meanwhile, the fleet of Luis de Cordova was successful at the key Battle of Bitonto in another theater. It was ended by the Treaty of Vienna, which made Francis Stephen the Grand Duke of Tuscany after the last Medici ruler, and most importantly recognized the rule of Augustus III over the claim of Stanislaw who had fled to France at its beginning. FTP, name this 1733-1738 conflict, a certain war of succession fought when Russia attempted to set up a ruler in the namesake country.
Output: History
In an adaptation of this novel, its protagonist sings the songs "Thousands of Miles" and "O Tixo, Tixo, Help Me". Characters in this novel include the status-quo-loving Mr. Harrison, whose son John is given a thousand pounds to start a reform club, the politicians Tomlinson and Dubula, and the "agricultural demonstrator" Napoleon Letsitsi. The protagonist of this novel, which (*) Maxwell Anderson and Kurt Weill adapted into Lost in the Stars, learns that his sister Gertrude has become a prostitute and is joined by Theophilus Msimangu in searching Johannesburg for his son. At its end, Absalom is executed for the murder of Arthur Jarvis. For 10 points, name this novel about Stephen Kumalo, the first by Alan Paton (PAY-ton).
Output: Literature
Valentine Greene's 1779 mezzotint popularized this painting. Infrared reflectography has revealed that the artist originally intended to add another young man where the balding sailor in the beige coat appears in the final work. While men in gray remain firmly within the craft, two men in white stretch forward and a man in a black coat thrusts a harpoon at one of the title figures. Set against the placid harbor of Havana, it depicts an event that took place in 1749 when a 14-year-old orphan was attacked while swimming alone. For 10 points - name this Copley painting of a man losing his leg to an animal.
Output: Fine Arts
Highly anoxic, this body of water's lower levels are almost completely lifeless due to the high concentration of hydrogen sulfide, and its water circulates through the Rim Current. The Karkinit Bay sits on its north, and islands in this body of water include Berezan and Fidonisi, while cities on its shores include Sochi and Constanta. Sitting on the Skifsky Platform, it is probably a residual basin of the Tethys Sea, while the two straits that connect it to other bodies of water are the Kerch Strait and the Bosporus, which connects it to the Sea of Marmara. Known to the ancient Greeks as "Axenos," or "Inhospitable," for ten points, idenitfy this body of water that borders, among others, Ukraine and Russia, and contains the Crimean Peninsula.
Output: Social Science
At the bottom center of this painting, a tree that appears to be glowing is grasped in the hand of one of the central figures. Its left hand side shows a woman milking a goat, while two more people, a farmer in black holding a scythe and a woman playing a violin, appear near the top. That woman, as well as two different colored houses, is upside-down. Meant to be a depiction of the artist's hometown of Vitebsk, this painting's main image is one of a green skinned man looking into the face of an animal. For 10 points, name this painting by Marc Chagall.
Output: Fine Arts
In one play by this author, Odysseus and Diomedes kill Dolon before stealing the horses of the title character, while he wrote another play in which Theseus and the Athenians invade Thebes in order to bury the dead bodies which Creon refused to bury. In addition to Rhesus and The Suppliants, he wrote a play in which Demophon and Iolaus protect the title characters from Copreus and Eurystheus, and one in which Pylades and Electra capture Hermione in revenge against their betrayal by Menelaus. This author of Heracleidae and Orestes wrote a more well known play in which Dionysis punishes Pentheus by dressing him as a woman. For 10 pointsname this author of The Bacchae.
Output: Fine Arts
The shelterin complex protects these entities from non-homologous end joining, and they can form G-quadraplexes with bonding between G and C sequences. The TRAP assay is used to study the activity of enzymes associated with them. Disruptions in TFR2 binding to these regions results in damage signaling. The RNA-containing enzyme that extends these was discovered by Blackburn and is responsible for the characteristic repeat of these entities. Their shortening causes the end-replication problem, which leads to the Hayflick limit on eukaryotic cell division. For 10 points, name this region found at the end of linear chromosomes.
Output: Science
This man collaborated with Gerald Platt and Neil Smelser on The American University and with Smelser alone on Economy and Society. He advocated the theory of inevitable rough social equilibrium and outlined the four goals of any ordering of a society in the AGIL paradigm, which includes latency and goal attainment. Credited with introducing Vilfredo Pareto to American readers, this mans school of thought was known as structural functionalism. For 10 points, name this author of The Social System and The Structure of Social Action, the dominant figure in mid-twentieth-century American sociology.
Output: Social Science
This composer wrote a comic singspiel opera called The Impresario in a competition against an Italian composer's First the Music, then the Words. The death of this man's mother inspired his Piano Sonata No. , which was written in A minor while he was on a trip to Paris that also yielded his Symphony No. One of this composer's piano sonatas contains a rondo section "Alla Turca." Franz Xaver Sussmayr completed this man's Requiem Mass in D minor. For 10 points, name this German composer whose operas include The Magic Flute and Don Giovanni.
Output: Fine Arts
Pieter Vanhuysse, Sang-Weon Kim, and Alex Pridemore have all published descriptions of this phenomenon in post-Communist Eastern Europe, while a 1966 article by Robert A. Wilson is titled this concept in the Ghetto. A five-item scale to measure this phenomenon was devised by Leo Srole. This concept was first introduced in Jean-Marie Guyaus The Non-Religion of the Future. A man who wrote a 1997 book titled the future of this concept used it to form the basis of Strain Theory; that man also paired this concept with Social Structure in a famous work and was named Robert King Merton. In its most famous exposition, this phenomenon is presented as a result of irregular forms of the titular division of labor in society. For ten points, name this social condition described by Emile Durkheim as a state of relative normlessness.
Output: Social Science
When formed underneath glaciers, these landforms can cause devastating floods known as jokulhaups (yoe-kull-howps). A pyroclastic flow may stem from these landforms, which can excrete material known as pahoehoe (pa-HOY-hoy) and aa (ah-ah). Broadly, these landforms are classified into composite, (*) shield, and cinder types. For 10 points, name these landforms, prominent around the Earth's ""ring of fire,"" which are formed where magma can reach the earth's surface.
Output: Science
This man was known to have masqueraded under the names Orontes, Moeris, and Diodotus of Erythrae, and Arrian calls him the governor of Assakenois. as well as by the Achaemenid dynasty. He successfully repelled an invasion by Seleucus I Nicator, but retired after the onset of a 12-year famine and fasted to death. Heavily influenced by his mentor Canakya's text Arthasastra, in his earlier years he defeated the Nanda kingdom after taking the throne of the Magadha kingdom, and established his center of power at Paliputra. FTP, name this grandfather of Ashoka and founder of the Mauryan empire.
Output: History
of this man's early poems uses the phrase "Master of the still stars and of the flaming door" to describe "The Valley of the Black Pig," while another notes "The fascination of what's difficult/ Has dried the sap out of my veins. " One of his war poems notes "We, who seven years ago/ Talked of honour and of truth,/ Shriek with pleasure if we show,/ The weasel's twist, the weasel's tooth," and another implores "Come build in the empty house of the stare"; those are (*) "Nineteen Hundred and Nineteen" and "Meditations in Time of Civil War. " In addition to referring to his "Decrepit age that has been tied to me/ As to a dog's tail," leaving him "A tattered coat upon a stick," his later work sees him dream "of a Ledaean body, bent/ Above a sinking fire" while describing his school inspections, and also describing "A sudden blow: the great wings beating still" in another poem that plays on the same myth. For 10 points, name this poet of "Among School Children," "The Stolen Child" and "Easter, 1916. "
Output: Literature
One film from this country sees an elderly couple travel to the city only to be shooed off by their children and uses almost exclusively low-angle stationary shots. In another film from here, the protagonist struggles to find her own "ghost" while leading Section 9 on a hunt for the Puppet Master. Ghost in the Shell is a film from this country, which also produced a film whose protagonist returns a cursed gold seal to Zeniba to cure her friend Haku. That character feeds copious amounts of food the spirit No-Face while attempting to save her parents, who have been transformed into pigs. For 10 points, name this country that produced Spirited Away.
Output: Social Science