niryuu/sni-each-converted huggingface dataset:
One story by this author ends with a panther being put into a cage once occupied by the starving title character. Another of his stories focuses on an execution device that accidentally kills the Officer. Besides A Hunger Artist and In the Penal Colony, this man wrote a novel that sees Willem and Franz arrest and execute Josef K., but he is best known for a work about salesman Gregor Samsa. For 10 points, name this German-speaking author of The Trial and The Metamorphosis.
Output: Literature
A baryon state that decays into a delta baryon and one of these, or one or two nucleons and one of these, is the Roper resonance. The energy of cosmic rays is bounded at around five times ten to the nineteen eV because collisions with CMB photons would produce these particles at higher energies. These particles are the standard triplet representation of SU(2) isospin symmetry. One type of these usually decays into a muon and its neutrino, and the other usually forms two photons or can form a photon, electron, and positron in Dalitz decay. Its charged versions are the up antidown and the down antiup. For 10 points, name these first-generation mesons, the lightest.
Output: Science
This man defended the participants in the Christiana Riot, in addition to supporting the Morrill Tariff. A member of the Appropriations Committee, this man was succeed in his district by Henry Muhlenberg. This man preceded Justin Morrill as Chairman of the House Ways and Means Committee. His iron works were destroyed by Robert E. Lees troops, and this supporter of the Confiscation Act called for total war against the south and opposed the Crittenden Compromise. This man, who introduced the impeachment proceedings against Andrew Johnson, drafted the Reconstruction Act and the Fourteenth Amendment. For ten points, identify this member of the Radical Republicans, who was a representative from Pennsylvania.
Output: History
Tsakalidis represented these data structures as a BB-alpha tree, which allows one to find the ancestor relationship of elements in Big O of 1 time. Maurer's Shadow Algorithm uses a dynamic version of one of these data structures to speed up simulations. CDR coding is a representation for these them in LISP, and multiple pieces of information are stored in each element in the (*) unrolled variant of them. Their ends may be demarcated by sentinel nodes, while circular ones have the final node point to the initial one. For 10 points, name these data structures which come in "singly" and "doubly" versions, whose nodes each contains a pointer to the next and/or previous node.
Output: Science
Short stories by this man include one in which the protagonist foolishly tears down his entire house to fuel his oven for the winter, as well as one in which a king disguises himself as a peasant to visit an endlessly digging hermit in order to ascertain the answers to the three titular queries. Other short stories by this author see the narrator wonder if he will make it to the next post station regardless of the (*) snowstorm that obstructs him, as well as one in which the title character, who as a child was beaten by his mother for breaking a jug of milk falls in love with Ustinaya. Pahom dies in front of Bashkiris in another of his stories, which sees him buried in six feet of earth, thereby answering the title question. For 10 points, name this Russian author of ""Alyosha the Pot," and "How much Land does a Man need" who also wrote "The Kreutzer Sonata. "
Output: Literature
A calibration used by Kates and Weigelt makes models containing this entity less favorable, while Lynden and Bell's work in analyzing velocity fields led them to suggest its existence. The Shapley concentration is approximately 10 times its size, and it is located beyond Hydra-Centaurus. Evidence for its existence came from (*) CMB observations of the motion of the Local Group, as accounting for the Virgo Supercluster alone left residual components. Abell 3627 may be near its center, and data suggests it may be a supercluster. For 10 points, identify this entity, which draws the Milky Way and other galaxies towards it.
Output: Science
Later thinkers built on this works assertion that a concept is something universal which serves as a rule. A notable commentary on this work was written by the author of Philosophy of As If, Hans Vaihinger. This work describes how one gains experience from creating a unity out of a manifold, and it presents time and space as the two pure forms of intuition. Of quantity, of quality, of relation, and of modality are the divisions into which this work places the twelve categories of understanding. It attempts to establish the necessity of certain propositions through the transcendental ideas. This work rejects the possibility of metaphysics, though it does show how other synthetic a priori propositions are possible. For 10 points, name this Immanuel Kant work, the first of his critiques.
Output: Social Science
This subject of the Herman Melville poem ""The Portent"" was the subject of a propagandist ""authorized"" biography by James Redpath. The magazine of the Weather Underground was named after the site of one of this man's deeds. Robert Penn Warren's first published book attempted to debunk myths about this man and was a biography subtitled The Making of a Martyr. A poem by John Greenleaf Whittier repeated the legend that this man kissed a (*) slave baby as he was led to the gallows. For 10 points, name this anti-slavery radical whose ""Body"" provides the title of a Stephen Vincent Benet poem about this man's raid on Harper's Ferry.
Output: History
Burning Daylight presents its hero in various archetypal American roles, The Road concerns the author's experiences in London as a hobo, and he combined astral projection with a plea for prison reform in The Star Rover. His characters include Billy Roberts who fights for labor in Sonoma, Eugene Everhard who struggles against the oppressive "Oligarchy," and John Barleycorn who tells of his experiences as an alcoholic. The Valley of the Moon and The Iron Heel flanked his autobiographical novel Martin Eden, and followed popular successes like The Son of the Wolf and The Sea Wolf. FTP identify this author most famous for adventure novels about the North, including White Fang and The Call of the Wild.
Output: Literature
The Gatterman-Koch reaction adds carbonyl groups to derivatives of this molecule, which when substituted with a hydroxyl group can undergo the Pechmann condensation to synthesize coumarins. The ANRORC mechanism is used to describe certain types of nucleophilic substitutions in it, and reacting it with sodium and an alcohol in liquid ammonia will selectively reduce it in a reaction named for Birch. It readily undergoes the Lewis acid-catalyzed Friedel-Crafts acylation, and simple derivatives of it include aniline and toluene. For 10 points, identify this chemical compound with molecular formula C6H6, whose structure was elucidated by Kekul.
Output: Science
The circularity concept in one of this man's works is discussed in the second chapter of Colin McGinn's The Subjective View. That concept is introduced in a discussion of the color of porphyry, and this philosopher also distinguished between "original revelation" and "traditional" revelation". Author of a document which established a feudal, slaveholding society in the New World, The Fundamental Constitution of the Carolinas, he is better known for promoted the idea of a government based on consent and natural rights and arguing against the Divine Right of kings in works such as his Letter Concerning Toleration. For ten points, identify this author of Two Treatises of Government and An Essay Concerning Human Understanding.
Output: Social Science
After allying with the khan of Chagatai and taking part in campaigns in Transoxania, this ruler would lose a "muddy battle" against Ilyas Khodja, despite fighting alongside brother-in-law Husayn of Balkh. Becoming the head of the Barlas upon the death of Tughluk, this man annihilated Tokhtamysh and the Golden Horde at the Battle of the Terek River before he overwhelmed Sultan Mehmud's forces in seizing the Delhi Sultanate. Prior to his death and ultimate succession by Shah Rukh while planning an invasion of China, he defeated the Turks at the Battle of Ankara and captured Bayezid I. FTP, name this Mongol military leader who ruled in Central Asia during the 14th century from his capital of Samarkand.
Output: History
At standard temperature and pressure, it is a toxic and corrosive gas with a strong odor, and until the advent of haloalkanes like Freon, it was widely used as a refrigerant because it easily liquefies under pressure. Its liquid form is also a well-known non-aqueous ionizing solvent. Another of its important uses is in the production of nitric acid, which is then used in explosives and fertilizer. FTP, name this Hydrogen-Nitrogen compound usually formed when its two component gases are reacted over an iron catalyst, with aluminum oxide and potassium oxide promoters.
Output: Science
The "Dirty Thirty" were implicated in a large political scandal in this state that occurred a year before Watergate, the Sharpstown Scandal. The Supreme Court ruled that the Commerce Clause didn't apply to the Gun-Free School Zones Act in a case involving a high school student from this state in United States v. Lopez. As many as 12,000 people may have perished in a 1900 (*) hurricane that largely destroyed a coastal city in this state. Anthony Francis Lucas is credited with finding the Spindletop oil well in this state. The Supreme Court overturned its earlier decision of Bowers v. Hardwick to overturn sodomy laws in the case of Lawrence v. [this state]. It's also where a Branch Davidian compound was destroyed in 1993. For 10 points, name this state home to the Waco siege and the site of the John F. Kennedy assassination.
Output: History
His teacher Claude Gillot's interest in the commedia dell'arte and scenes d'opera were an important influence on this artist, whose depiction of Diana was an inspiration for Manet's Dejeuner Sur l'herbe. A clown during intermission is the subject of his Gilles, and he painted a wounded soldier in convalescence in Les Fatigues de la guerre. His Gersaint signboard shows an art dealer's shop, though more typical works include Do You Want to Succeed with Women and The Pleasures of Love. A rococo artist known for his fetes galantes, this is, for 10 points, what painter best known for his depiction of pilgrims traveling to a mythical island, Embarkation to Cythera.
Output: Fine Arts
This artist showed the corpse of a colossal dead chicken separating two armies on a battlefield in The Death and Funeral of Cain, while a crying, emaciated baby in a red toga emerges from a giant version of his own head in Echo of a Scream. This painter created works such as The Circus: Transition from Spectacle to Culture and The Atom as Triumph of Peace over Destruction to adorn the external walls of the dodecagon shaped building the Polyforum. This artist depicted a temple inscribed with the words "Liberte, Egalite, and Fraternite" burning next to a oversized killer parrot with a trident, while a mechanical eagle flies in the center portion of that work painted for an Electrical Worker's Union Building. Portrait of the Bourgeoisie and The March of Humanity are works by this Marxist artist, who attempted to assassinate Leon Trotsky in Mexico City. For 10 points, name this Mexican muralist.
Output: Fine Arts
Adherents of this religion traditionally built towers known as Dokhmas where birds and weather would remove the flesh of their dead because fire and earth were sacred. Its scripture is composed of parts like the visperad, the vindedad, and the gathas, hymns thought to have been composed by its Persian founder. For 10 points, name this religion in which Angra-Mainyu constantly struggles with Ahura Mazda.
Output: Social Science
Of the numerous islands in this body of water, Ukerewe, is the largest, with wooded hills rising 650 feet above it. The Katonga river enters from the West, while the Kavirondo gulf lies in the Northeast corner of it extending into Kenya. First detailed extensively by William Garstin, the Owen Falls Dam in Uganda exploits its vast hydroelectric power. FTP identify this lake sighted by Speke in 1858, the largest in Africa.
Output: Social Science
The Chaldeans called this god Hoa. Under the names Dunga and Lumha he was the god of singers and psalmists, while another of his names, Ninigiku, translates as King of the Sacred Eye. This god has a son who acts as his mediator to mortals named Asari. This god has a servant named Isimud, who has two faces, and this god once turned the dirt under his fingernails into Galaturra and Kurgarra, two demons of ambiguous gender. One of this gods titles is Lord of Semen, and his daughter Uttu was born from an incestuous affair this god had with his older daughter Ninkurra, though his primary consort is Ninhursag. This god cast a spell on his father causing him to go into a deep sleep, letting this god rule a giant underground ocean. Part of a triad with Anu and Enlil, for ten points name this father of Marduk, the Mesopotamian god of water.
Output: Social Science
This man commanded the winning forces at the Battle of La Carbonera and the Battle of Miahuatlan. He initiated annual banquets held for his country's Rural Guard, and men like his one-time vice president Ramon Corral were among his positivist cientificos. This drafter of the Plan de Tuxtepec forced Sebastian Lerdo into exile after the Battle of Tecoac. His critics attacked him for abandoning the Constitution of (*) 1857. In his first presidential campaign, he opposed re-election, but when he succeeded Manuel Gonzalez as President he removed all restrictions on re-election. He was ultimately forced to resign by Francisco Madero. For 10 points, name this dictator who ruled Mexico almost continuously from 1876 until 1911.
Output: History
The model for this work also appeared in the artist's earlier La Bella. The artist originally refused to paint this work, but changed his mind after Pietro Aretino suggested that he depict a prostitute's body instead of that of the old lady who is its ostensible subject. The titular figure wears a bracelet on her right arm and in her right hand holds a bunch of flowers, one of which has fallen to the couch. The left half of the background is blocked by a drape, but the right background contains two woman, one of whom is standing and looking down on the other, who is kneeling with her back to the viewer. To the right of the painting's subject, a small dog is taking a nap. FTP, name this 1538 depiction of a nude woman, which was painted by Titian.
Output: Fine Arts
This philosopher died while working on his Compendium of Theology, and a legend holds that he possessed a brazen head which would indicate when his projects would succeed by talking to him. He gained the reputation as an erratic genius for his scientific speculations, and he was declared a heretic by the Franciscans in 1278 due to his advocacy that the Roman Catholic church should embrace all the sciences. Famous for his Opus majus, Opus minus, and Opus tertium, FTP, who was this English philosopher known as "Doctor Mirabilis"
Output: Social Science
The second movement of this composer's third symphony, marked Vivace non troppo, features a clarinet melody in F major that ends each phrase with "snap rhythms". His fourth symphony opens with the winds playing pulsing eighth notes in 6/8, before the violins play the melodic figure "A  C-sharp  A" twice. A chromatically busy accompanying figure has caused the nickname "Bee's Wedding" to be appended to his "Spinning Song". That piece joins a group of piano pieces by him that includes two "Venetian Gondola Song"s and a "Spring Song". His fourth symphony ends with a saltarello and was composed on the same European tour that produced his Hebrides Overture. For 10 points, name this German Romantic composer of the Songs Without Words and the "Scottish" and "Italian" Symphonies.
Output: Fine Arts
The title character becomes engaged to two women and invites them both to lunch. This novel begins in Elk Hills, where the title character grows up under the tutelage of Doc Vickerson. While a research fellow at the McGurk Institute, the title character discovers the X Principle that might prove a cure for disease, though he learns it was already discovered at the Pasteur Institute. Mentors in this novel include Max Gottlieb and Gustave Sondelius, and the title character's wife Leora dies from the plague on the island of St. Hubert. FTP, identify this novel about a research scientist by Sinclair Lewis.
Output: Literature
Jam" is a movement from his composition Music for a Great City, and "The Promise of Living" is the finale of his opera The Tender Land. A solo trumpet plays the tune "El Mosco" in his orchestral work El Salon Mexico, and lines from the Gettysburg Address conclude his Lincoln Portrait. This author of What to Listen for in Music included the section "The Open Prairie" in his ballet about a titular outlaw. In addition to composing Billy the Kid, he was commissioned by Martha Graham to write the music for a ballet that features the "Simple Gifts" melody. For 10 points, name this composer of Fanfare for the Common Man and Appalachian Spring.
Output: Fine Arts
The surface type of this process can happen to encapsulated bacteria after they are attached to a blood vessel. In other cases of it, bacteria are covered with proteins, allowing other molecules to adhere to them. The granules of neutrophils can begin this process, which is completed by hydrogen peroxide and superoxide. Leukocytes, or white blood cells, also use this process to protect the body from bacterial infections. Name this process also carried out when protists use their cell membranes to ingest nutrients, a form of endocytosis [en-doh-sy-TOH-sis].
Output: Social Science
This region wholly contains the Simeto River. The namesake of this region's most expansive plain is the city of Catania, which is the tenth largest city in its nation, just behind Bari. Off the northern coast of this island lies Lipari, which is part of the archipelago of the Aeolian Islands, which also includes Vulcano and (*) Stromboli. This large island is broken up into nine provinces including Ragusa. A proposed suspension bridge would link this massive island to Calabria across the Strait of Messina. Syracuse is located in, for 10 points, what largest island in the Mediterranean, located just southwest of Italy's boot
Output: Social Science
According to the midrash, it was created on the fifth day, and it's carcass finds many uses, both as an excellent material for building a sukkah as told by the prayer at the end of Sukkot and as one of three creatures used as food for the people. According to Rashi, it was one of the Taninim, and there were originally both a male and a female, but Yahweh killed the female out of fear that their offspring would wipe out the human race. It bears thematic resemblance to a seven-headed creature slain by Baal in Canaanite myth. For 10 points, name this Biblical monster, companion of the ziz and the behemoth, a giant sea serpent that gives a name to a work about absolutist governance.
Output: Social Science
One character in this work almost drowns in a shower when she sits on the drain, and another is left by his wife because he compares humans to computers. Other events include the Duke di Angelis quartet deciding to play a piece without instruments and the break-in of sailors who believe that the apartment is a brothel. Upstairs, another character dictates a theory to Aubade while cradling a dying bird in his hands. Describing a lease-breaking party thrown by Meatball Mulligan, for 10 points, name this work in which the thermometer always reads thirty-seven degrees and Callisto envisions a "heat-death for his culture," a short story by Thomas Pynchon.
Output: Literature
This law explains why the theory of Berthelot and Thomsen was incorrect, and Loschmidt's Paradox pointed out that a problem with another scientist's H-theorem could lead to a situation in which this was violated. Using the Stirling approximation solved another potential violation of this law, in which a partition is removed between two identical samples of gas, known as the Gibbs Paradox. An imaginary creature sorting particles based on energy, Maxwell's Demon, could not violate it even though it was designed to. Originally stated by both Kelvin and Clausius, who said that heat could not flow from a cold object to a hot one spontaneously, FTP name this law of thermodynamics commonly stated as for any spontaneous process, the entropy of the universe increases.
Output: Science
Taban lo Liyong wrote about the "uneven ribs" of this man, who edited the radical newspaper El Moudjahid in the 1950s. In one of his works, this man advocated violent revolution as a collective catharsis of psychological indignities. His For the African Revolution was published posthumously, and this former head of psychology at an Algerian hospital also wrote such chapters as The Fact of Blackness and The Negro and Language in his study of the dual identity of colonized Africans, Black Skin, White Masks. For 10 points, name this anti-French political writer, who justified violence in the expulsion of colonialist powers in a work named for a line from the Internationale, The Wretched of the Earth.
Output: Social Science
This architect created a family pantheon of full figure statues, including one of Caterina, Queen of Cyprus, in first use of the two-story projecting portico-loggia motif in Western architecture. The Emo family commissioned a residence from this architect, who used a Greek temple-front design for a house commissioned by the Foscari family, La Malcontenta. This architect designed a bilaterally symmetrical building with four porticos surrounding a central dome inspired by the Pantheon, which is sometimes called the Villa Capra. For 10 points, name this Italian Renaissance architect of the Villa Rotunda.
Output: Fine Arts
Schrodinger-Pauli equation sees this quantity multiplied by charge and subtracted from the momentum three vector. An electron's interference pattern changes when a solenoid turns on despite the fact that the magnetic field outside of the solenoid is zero because of this quantity. For a non-conservative electric field, the electric field is equal to the negative gradient of the electric potential minus the time derivative of this quantity. In addition to causing the Aharonov-Bohm effect, this quantity is combined with the electric potential to form the 4-potential. This quantity's divergence is set to zero in the Coulomb gauge. For 10 points, magnetic field is defined as the curl of this quantity that is symbolized A.
Output: Science
The architecture in this painting is said to be inspired by the work of Donato Bramante, and the titular building is in the shape of a Greek cross. The artist's two undisputed main subjects each hold copies of their own books in  their left hand and are gesturing with their right hand as they stand in the middle of the painting. Those men, Aristotle and Plato, appear to be having a discussion. For 10 points, name this Italian fresco by Raphael which features nearly every notable Greek philosopher in its namesake structure.
Output: Fine Arts
In one painting of this figure as a young boy, he stands next to his smiling father with an axe at his feet. One painting of this man in uniform used the Rhine River as its model and unrealistically depicts its scene on a clear, sunny day. That painting of this man shows him standing in a boat while some of his men push away ice. For 10 points, name this man depicted by Emanuel Leutze during his crossing of the Delaware River.
Output: Fine Arts
The speaker of one poem by this author calls the title feeling athe blissful cloud of summera and states that amy sleep had been embroiderad with dim dreams.a Another poem by this author calls aye clouds of Albion Begetters of our deep eternal theme,a and features a speaker who declares abetwixt damnation and impassionad clay must I burn through.a The first poem by this man ends avanish, ye phantoms! from my idle springs, into the clouds, and never more return!a The second poem by this writer recalls the pleasures of reading a agolden-tongued romance with serene lutea and ends with the speaker demanding abut when I am consumed in the fire, give me new phoenix wings to fly at my desire.a He described three temptresses named Ambition, Love, and Poesy in an 1819 poem that is addressed to the feeling of laziness. For 10 points, name this author of aOn Sitting Down to Read King Lear Once Againa and aOde On Indolence,a who also wrote aOn First Looking into Chapmanas Homer.a
Output: Literature
In this opera, two servants are given medicine that makes one of them sneeze continuously and makes the other yawn nonstop. One character boasts that "Everyone asks for me, everyone wants me," before telling himself "You'll never lack for luck" in an aria from this opera. In this opera, a character disguises himself as the student Lindoro to try and marry his love, which he ultimately does after bribing Don Basilio the music teacher. The title character of this opera sings the aria "Largo al factotum," and later appears in a Mozart opera. For 10 points, name this opera composed by Gioachino Rossini, whose title character Figaro helps Count Almaviva win Rosina.
Output: Fine Arts
figure in this myth system, known as The Earthquake, is lured into eating a gypsum-prepared bird when he is promised to be led to a giant mountain that keeps growing. One figure in this myth system loses his arm, after which he instructs two gods disguised as elderly dentists to replace a rebellious figure's teeth with white corn. This myth system contains a story about the downfall of Seven Macaw. The rain deity in this mythos is Chaac. Central to this mythos are figures called Hunahpu and Xbalanque, the "Hero Twins. " Its underworld is known as Xibalba. For 10 points, name this Mesoamerican culture whose myths are recounted in the Popul Vuh.
Output: Social Science
Lawrence Ferlinghetti wrote a poem about this painting which asserted of it that "nearby there must be a jeweled tree" and concluded that one of its central figures "is not the One". It was painted a short time after its artist completed a supposedly "pornographic" trio of ceiling paintings called Philosophy, Medicine, and Jurisprudence. A series of vines with triangular yellow leaves trail down towards the bottom-right corner of this painting, which is set at the edge of a (*) meadow filled with purple and blue flowers. It contrasts a pattern of grey, black, and beige rectangles with a pattern of multicolored circles, which represent masculinity and femininity respectively. Its central figures are displayed in front of a gold-leaf background, wrapped in golden robes. For 10 points, two lovers embrace at the center of which Gustav Klimt painting
Output: Fine Arts
One form of this phenomenon can be modeled by the Cornu Spiral, a parametric plot of two integrals of arc length. The Rayleigh Criterion limits the resolution of images produced by this phenomenon when light goes through a circular (*) aperture. Airy Disks and Newton's Rings are patterns formed by light undergoing this phenomenon, which has near-field and far-field types named for, respectively, Fresnel (fruh-NELL) and Fraunhofer (FRAUN-hoff-er). For 10 points, name this phenomenon in which light bends upon encountering a small obstacle.
Output: Science
This painter's indulgence of visual fantasy, and appreciation of different historic architectural styles can be seen in his 1840 Architect's Dream. After a series of paintings on The Last of the Mohicans, he made a three year trip to Europe in 1829, but he is better known for a trip four years earlier in which he journeyed up the Hudson River to the Catskill Mountains. FTP, name this painter of The Oxbow and The Voyage of Life series.
Output: Fine Arts
One character in this work has a mulberry-colored mark on his face, and dies in a fire after having a nightmare about a snakelike monster. Another character in this work is thought to be a huge, deformed ape after being killed in an air battle and landing with his parachute on the top of a mountain. In one scene of this work, a character discovers that something that was thought to be a sleeping monster was actually a dead body before being followed down a mountain by flies and killed by ritualistic savages, who wear face paint discovered by Samneric. Samneric had earlier fallen asleep while tending a fire which would later be re-set on a beach before a burning forest leads a British naval officer to stop at the central island. For 10 pointsname this work about Jack, Simon, Ralph, and Piggy, a novel by William Golding.
Output: Fine Arts
At the end of this novel, one character decides to marry her former fiance, Mike Campbell. The protagonist of this work is impotent from an injury in the First World War, thus preventing him from marrying Brett Ashley. In Paris, the protagonist of this novel meets an aggressive former boxing champion named Robert Cohn. The central characters of this novel watch the running of the (*) bulls in Pamplona, where they meet Pedro Romero the bullfighter. For 10 points, name this novel about the veteran Jake Barnes, written by Ernest Hemingway.
Output: Literature
Nicholas Cook suggests that sheer perversity is the reason why the composer of this work chose to compose a difficult, chromatic solo for the fourth horn in its third movement. The return of the timpani ends the trio section of its second movement, while a coda with an ostinato in the cellos and basses ends the first movement. Wagner dubbed the opening of its fourth movement Schrenkensfanfare, while hammer-blow octaves open its second movement Scherzo. However, most notable is the movements that follows the third movement Adagio and is scored for four soloists, orchestra, and chorus. For 10 points, name this Choral final symphony of Beethovens which contains a setting of Schillers Ode to Joy
Output: Fine Arts
His first play, The Butterfly's Evil Spell, closed after one night in 1920. His other early works include First Songs and Gypsy Ballads, and he wrote Poet in New York after moving there following an emotional collapse. FTP, name this poet born near Granada, best known for such plays as Yerma, Blood Wedding and The House of Bernarda Alba.
Output: Literature
It began following the Kemmu Restoration and would be formally established when its namesake turned on Go-Daigo, resulting in a 56-year civil war between the Northern and Southern courts. Takauji emerged victorious and peace remained until the 10-year Onin War more than a century later. Its greatest shogun, Yohsimitsu, built the Palace of Flowers and the Golden Pavilion. FTP, name this period that ended when Yoshiaka was driven out by Oda Nobunaga in 1573, a shogunate sometimes referred to as the Muromachi and succeeded by the Tokugawa.
Output: History
He has nine mothers, all sisters. His skin is the whitest of all the gods, his teeth are made of gold, and he rides a golden-maned horse named Gulltopp. He once turned himself into a  seal to retrieve the necklace Brisingamen of Freyja's that was stolen by Loki. He will blow his trumpet, the Gjallarhorn, to signal the start of Ragnarok, when he and Loki will slay each other. For ten points, name this Norse god who lives in Himinbjorg, at the entrance to Asgard, and guards the rainbow bridge, Bifrost.
Output: History
This man sent three divisions of the Roman army against the Adiabene peoples of Northern Mesopotamia and also conquered the city of Nisibis where he established his main headquarters. An avid military campaigner, this man increased the number of legions to 33, increased the annual salary of solders from 300 to 500 denarii and even disassembled the Praetorian Guard into his own defense, the (*) Pannonian Legions. Early on in his reign, he waged a war with the Parthian Empire which was quickly ended during the sack of their capital, Ctesiphon. This man was able to defeat Pescennius Niger at Issus in 194AD in the Roman Civil War during the reign of this man's predeccessor, Didius Julianus who has earlier claimed Rome after the death of Pertinax. Born in the city of Leptis Magna in modern-day Libya, FTP, identify this father of Geta and Caracalla; Roman emperor from the years of 193 to 211 AD and founder of a namesake dynasty
Output: History
The negotiations of Edward Thorton played an important role in the leadup to this conflict, and an initial offensive by one side stalled following a defeat at Yatai. The other side spent several months retraining under the leadership of Marshal Caxias. Venancio Flores rose to power with the support of Brazil, overthrowing the government of Atanasio Aguirre in Uruguay prior to the start of this conflict. The tide turned in this war after Pedro Meza's defeat at Riachuelo, and Bartolome Mitre refused to grant passage for the forces of one leader at the outset. For 10 points, name this conflict that saw the death of dictator Francisco Solano Lopez and the destruction of Paraguay.
Output: History
This philosopher's early death left his works in an incomplete state, with much of his work compiled by his students, including the "Opus Parisiense" and the "Opus Oxoniense". Famous for his defense of Immaculate Conception and his analogy comparing man's free will to a horse capable of throwing off grace, its rider, he gained notoriety for challenging the ideas of Thomas Aquinas. FTP, who was this Scottish Fransciscan thinker known as "Doctor Subtilis", whose followers were often called "dunces"
Output: Social Science
The flat patterning in his paintings Beech Woods and Farm Garden reveal his training in decorative arts, as does the organic scrolling in the Tree of Life. A snake wraps around the red-robed figure of Hygieia at the bottom of his painting Medicine, which was displayed with the paintings Philosophy and Jurisprudence. He also painted the Stoclet Frieze, but a better known work was painted after his trip to Ravenna, where he saw the Byzantine mosaics in San Vitale. That work contrasted masculine, black and gray rectangles with colorful, feminine circles and wavy lines in his depiction of two figures perched on a green hill spotted with purple flowers. Also known for two portraits of Adele Bloch-Bauer, FTP, name this Symbolist and leader of the Vienna Secession who painted The Kiss.
Output: Fine Arts
This location's sanitation was improved by its governor George Don, who also started its first police force and rebuilt St. Bernard's Hospital. Jacob van Heemskerk died at a Dutch victory here during the Eighty Years' War. A failed siege of this location in 1727 led to the construction of a contravallation line which is now the site of a town named after the Immaculate Conception. At a later siege of this location, George Augustus (*) Eliot successfully defended a garrison here from French and Spanish forces. It also suffered two sieges during the Reconquista, the first of which led to the exile of the Sultan of Granada, Muhammed III. Diego Salinas surrendered this location to the Anglo-Dutch forces of George Rooke during the War of the Spanish Succession, and along with Minorca it was eventually ceded to Britain by Spain under the Treaty of Utrecht. For 10 points, name this location in southern Spain, one of the legendary Pillars of Hercules.
Output: History
One of this writer's plays ends with Sam collapsed on the floor and Ruth resolving to stay behind in London, leaving Teddy to return to America. In another play, he traced the evolution of Emma and Jerry's affair in reverse chronology. This playwright of The Homecoming and Betrayal wrote a play that includes an argument over the semantics of lighting a kettle and ends with Ben holding Gus at gunpoint. In another of his plays, McCann and Goldberg take Stanley Webber away from the title celebration. For 10 points, name this "comedy of menace" dramatist of The Dumb Waiter and The Birthday Party.
Output: Literature
In Welsh myth, Arawn became angry when Pwyll mistreated some red-eared ones of these animals that belonged to him. In order to end a paradox concerning the Teumessian Fox, Zeus turned one of these animals to stone, though he had originally gifted it to Europa. One of these animals from Norse mythology lived in Helheim, was fated to kill Tyr, and was named Garm. One that lived in Ithaca died after seeing Odysseus come home and was named Argus. Another of these animals was captured by Heracles for his twelfth labor and guarded the entrance to the realm of Hades. For 10 points, name these animals whose mythological examples include the three-headed Cerberus.
Output: Social Science
This man's writings include the unfinished novel M. Dudron's Adventure. This artist's fruit paintings include Transformed Dream, while a bunch of brightly-colored toys dominate his Evil Genius of a King. Nude men wading through pools is the subject of his set of prints entitled Mysterious Bathers, while paintings in a more classical style include the Horses by the Sea paintings. Experiments with lithography culminated in The Grand Metaphysician, while Still-Life with Silverware and Self-Portrait in Black Costume exemplify his "neo-baroque" period. He produced over twenty versions of his painting of three mannequins on a wooden pedestal, Disquieting Muses, but better-known are his "arcade paintings" including one featuring a girl rolling a large hoop in the shadowy title locale. For 10 points name this surrealist artist of Mystery and Melancholy of a Street.
Output: Fine Arts
Deities in this religion, which include conjoined twins known as the Marassa, are divided into 21 nations, including Rada and Petwo. Among its clergy are magicians-for-hire called bokors, priests called houngans, and priestesses called mambos. Members of this religion pray to saint-like spirits such as Papa Legba who are known as loa, intermediaries between humans and the supreme god Bondye. For 10 points, name this syncretic Haitian religion whose actual religious practices typically don't involve raising zombies or sticking pins into dolls.
Output: Social Science
early leader of this polity failed in his attempt to modernize the hi-tech industry via the Economic System of Socialism while also failing with the New Economic System. That leader's rule also saw the creation of Intershops and the Karl-Marx Alley. Its penultimate leader created vertically integrated production systems called combines along with heavily sponsoring sports to boost prestige. Bertolt Brecht spent his final years in this polity and Egon (*) Krenz was its last leader. Its end came via Die Wende or The Change. The secret police in this country were the Stasi and its leaders have included Eric Honecker and Walter Ulbricht. For 10 points, name this polity centered at Berlin, unlike its counterpart centered at Bonn.
Output: History
In one of this authors novels, Father Paez convinces Catalina that she has corrupted her soul by marrying the title character. King Philip II appears in this authors novel in which the eve of the new millennium sees an act of love between Celstina and Pollo Phoibe. This author of Terra Nostra included a frame story about a group of diggers discussing an exhumed corpse in a novel that ends with the revelation that the narrator is Ambrose Bierce. His most famous novel follows the titular corrupt politician on his deathbed as he reflects upon his life. For 10 points, name this Mexican author of The Old Gringo and The Death of Artemio Cruz.
Output: Literature
Shortly after this man's election as president, cotton mill workers took over the Yarur factory. This man came into office as part of the newly formed Popular Unity Party, which increased its share of parliament months before this man was killed inside La Moneda Palace during a military coup. For 10 points, name this socialist president who was elected in 1970 and removed in 1973 by Augusto Pinochet as leader of Chile.
Output: History
Hiram Hover was shot for attempting to recruit blacks into this organization in Georgia. It was a leading proponent of the Chinese Exclusion Act. The Adelphon Kruptos was a collection of its rituals, and this organization dropped its rule of secrecy in 1881. Founded by Uriah Stephens and led by Terrence Powderly, this group saw a decline after the Haymarket Square bombing. For 10 points, name this early American labor union.
Output: History
man warned readers to avoid "persecution mania" and the Byronic form of the title concept in the section "The Causes of Unhappiness. " He attacked the equivocation inherent in the term "knowledge" and suggested a division based on level of direct familiarity into "knowledge by description" and "knowledge by acquaintance. " Richard Dawkins popularized this thinker's analogy of an invisible teapot revolving around the sun. This philosopher advanced his distinction between definite and indefinite descriptions in his essay (*) "On Denoting. " He used a parable about a barber to explain a namesake paradox, which considers the set of all sets that are not members of themselves. For 10 points, name this British philosopher who collaborated with Alfred North Whitehead on Principia Mathematica.
Output: Social Science
one short novel by this author, Clem Dowson becomes reacquainted with the Fazackerleys, while another focuses on the rape of Felicity Bannister, who shortly thereafter breaks off her engagement to John Galbraith despite his acceptance of her. Those works, A Woman's Hand and The Night the Prowler, appear in a collection whose title story tells of a couple that communicates only through writing and not through speech. This author of The Cockatoos wrote about the relationship between Mary Hare and her housekeeper Mrs. Jolley in Riders in the Chariot, while he may be best known for a novel about a German explorer who proposes to Laura Trevelyan while on a journey across Australia. For 10 points, name this author of Voss.
Output: Literature
one poem by this author, the titular group "makes no sound but the panting like a silken serpent" and Carola, a prostitute, blackmails Dants in one of his plays. A more famous work features a barber shop-educated boy who starts a nonviolent revolution, Octavio Sansur. In addition to "The Indians come down from Mixco",Chantaje, and The Eyes of the Interred, a 1949 novel sees Nicho Aquino find Gaspar Iln, who earlier helped the Indians grow their (*) corn. Besides a series about a United Fruit Company-dominated Latin America, one of the first scenes of his best known story features several beggars on the steps of a church. The titular character of that work, who only appears six times in the novel, uses death of military officer to get to Carvajal, who he also intends to kill. For 10 points, name this author of "The Banana Trilogy", Men of Maize, and El Seor Presidente, a Guatemalan Nobel laureate.
Output: Literature
As the leader of the Army of Ohio this man led a campaign in East Tennessee which successfully defended Knoxville from the forces of James Longstreet. This man led a campaign in 1862 which captured most of the coast of North Carolina as part of the Anaconda Plan. This man's Mud March, a failed attempt to surprise Lee's forces from behind after a crossing of the Rappahannock River, led to his replacement by Joseph Hooker. This man was permanently relieved of duty for his botched efforts in the Battle of the Crater which failed to end the Siege of Petersburg. This man was offered command of one army following the failure of the Peninsular Campaign and again after the Second Battle of Bull Run, but he only accepted the position after a battle in which he took hours trying to cross a bridge defended by Confederate sharpshooters which now bears his name, the Battle of Antietam. For 10 points, name this Union general who is best remembered for his disastrous attempt to take Richmond in 1862 after replacing George McClellan as commander of the Army of the Potomac which ended with the Battle of Fredericksburg.
Output: History
One ruler of this kingdom was born to a hunchbacked woman and refused to walk for the first seven years of his life despite prophesies that he would be a great warrior. This empire referred to its territories as the Twelve Tinkurus, or Twelve Doors. The first ruler of this kingdom was driven to exile in the Mena kingdom, according to a history that was often recounted by griots. That first ruler of this kingdom returned to win a devastating victory over the Sosso ruler Sumanguru at the Battle of Kirina. At the height of this empire, its ruler took such a lavish pilgrimage to Mecca that he devalued gold all along his route. For 10 points, name this West African empire whose great leaders included Mansa Musa and the legendary Sundiata, centered on Timbuktu.
Output: History
It is strikingly similar to Martin y Soler's opera L'abore di Diana, not surprising as the librettist was working on both operas at the same time. It opens in a Naples caf and soon moves to a villa, where the duet, "Ah guarda, sorella," is sung. The doctor in Act I and the notary in Act II are none other than Despina, the maid, in disguise; though she is unaware of the nature of the charade. That charade is engineered by the cynical Don Alfonso, who convinces two young men to assume the guise of Albanian nobleman to conduct a certain test. It centers on a wager of 100 sequins that Guglielmo's and Ferrando's fiancees, the sisters Dorabella and Fiordiligi, will prove unfaithful when put to the test. FTP, name this Mozart opera that translates as "So Do They All. "
Output: Fine Arts
Palladium is commonly used as one of these species in most organic coupling reactions. A mixture of titanium and aluminum forms the Ziegler-Natta one used in polymerization reactions. In cars, platinum is used as one to convert carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide. Chlorofluorocarbons act as one in the breakdown of ozone in the atmosphere. These species work by lowering the activation energy of a chemical reaction, and a common industrial one is iron in the Haber-Bosch process. For 10 points, name these chemical species which speed up a reaction.
Output: Science
This man was forced to lower taxes in response to the Gin Riots. He managed to convince his hawkish\n monarch not to engage in the War of the Polish Succession, and put the Lord Chamberlain in charge of\n censoring the theatre with the Licensing Act. After the death of his ally Queen Caroline, this man\n experienced a decline in popularity caused by events like the Porteous Riots and the Cartagena Disaster,\n which occurred during the War of Jenkins Ear. Through his posts of First Lord of the Treasury and\n Chancellor of the Exchequer, he controlled affairs during the reigns of George I and George II. For 10\n points, name this man often regarded as the first Prime Minister of England.
Output: History
Among the parts of the body named for this scientist are corpuscles of the spleen, tufts in the kidney, and the deep layer of the epidermis. Personal pyhsician to Pope Innocent XII, he studied the metamorphosis of the silkworm, described the structure of the brain, spinal cord, and taste buds, and used his studies of frogs to describe the capillary circulation of the lungs. FTP, who was this 17th century Italian whose use of the microscope has led him to be called the father of microscopic anatomy
Output: Science
Benjamin Butler represented some of the men convicted after this event, all of whom were later pardoned by John Peter Altgeld. Immediately preceded by a fight at the McCormick Harvesting Machine Co. at which four were killed by police, this event is commemorated by bonfires at some May Day celebrations. For ten points, name this tragedy that helped lead to the downfall of the Knights of Labor; a May 4th, 1886 riot touched off when someone detonated a bomb at a labor rally in Chicago.
Output: History
Its main character is a hopeless stutterer, taunted by his schoolmates, who eventually becomes an acolyte at a famous temple. However, he becomes obsessed with its beauty, and cannot live in peace until he burns it down. For 10 points, name this novel about Mizoguchi, which is based upon actual events that took place at the Kinkakuji Temple in Kyoto in 1950 and which was written by Yukio Mishima.
Output: Literature