niryuu/sni-each-converted huggingface dataset:
Question: Which University had been around longer by the time Pustõlnik graduated from Odessa University, the University of Tartu or Odessa University? Passage:A native of the Ukrainian port city of Odessa (a part of the Soviet Union until 1991), Izold Pustõlnik graduated cum laude from Odessa University in 1960 and received his Ph.D. from the University of Tartu in 1969 and his D.Sc. from Saint Petersburg State University in 1994. From the age of 27 in 1965 until his death forty-three years later, he was on the staff of Tartu Observatory where, as a research associate (promoted to senior research associate in 2000), he worked on the physics of close binary systems, theory of stellar atmospheres, interstellar medium, archaeoastronomy and history of astronomy. He was also a member of the International Astronomical Union, European Astronomical Society, Euroscience, Society for European Astronomy in Culture (SEAC) and served on the Board of Euro-Asian Astronomical Society and the Advisory Board of Astronomical and Astrophysical Transactions. 

Output: b
Question: Besides Sylvan and Neuser who else considered themselves Antitrinitarians? Passage:Neuser was born in Gunzenhausen and was a popular pastor and theologian in Heidelberg in the 1560s, serving at the Peterskirche and later the Heiliggeistkirche. During the controversy over church discipline that developed in the late 1560s, Neuser became a leading member of the Antidisciplinist, and thus anti-Calvinist, faction led by Thomas Erastus. His disaffection with the ecclesiastical regime perhaps played some role in his doubts concerning orthodox Christian dogma. He wrote letters sternly attacking the doctrine of the trinity. He wrote to the Ottoman Sultan assuring Sultan that he would receive support in Germany if his conquests push him that far. Neuser along with another Antitrinitarian, Johann Sylvan, sought to dialog with the Turks. Neuser was accused of denying divinity to Jesus Christ and was consequently imprisoned. His associate, Johann Sylvan, was tortured and beheaded. Neuser confessed but managed to break out of prison. He later converted to Islam and traveled to Istanbul where he served the Ottoman Sultan.

Output: b
Question: Of the universities participating in the combined cricket team in which Murrills played, which one had the larger student body during the time Murrills first played with them? Passage:Murrills made his first-class debut for Cambridge University against Warwickshire. He made 34 further first-class appearances for Cambridge, the last of which came against Oxford University in 1976. In his 35 appearances for the university, he scored 900 runs at an average of 14.75, with a high score of 67. This score, which was one of three fifties he made, came against Surrey in 1976. He also appeared twice in first-class cricket for a combined Oxford and Cambridge Universities team, in 1974 against the touring Indians and in 1976 against the touring West Indians. His debut in List A cricket came for Cambridge University in the 1974 Benson and Hedges Cup against Kent, with him making three appearances in that season's competition. In the 1976 Benson and Hedges Cup he made four appearances for the Combined Universities.

Output: a
Question: Was the person who had a minor feud with John Cena ever married? Passage:The main feud heading into Cyber Sunday was between WWE Champion John Cena, World Heavyweight Champion King Booker, and ECW World Champion The Big Show, the top champion of each of the three brands. This feud began on the October 9 edition of Raw, where they came face to face, arguing about who was the most dominant champion in WWE. WWE Chairman Vince McMahon interrupted, and booked a triple threat "Champion of Champions" match at Cyber Sunday between the three of them. This also gave each show's General Manager an opportunity to choose opponents for each other's champion that night. This resulted in Big Show defeating Jeff Hardy and Booker defeating Rob Van Dam; however, the match between Cena and The Undertaker was interrupted by Booker, Big Show, and The Undertaker's storyline rival, Mr. Kennedy. At the same time, Cena began a minor feud with Kevin Federline. Federline, as the on-screen close friend of Johnny Nitro and Melina's, appeared on Raw to promote his album, "Playing With Fire". Cena rapped about Federline, but Nitro came out to Federline's defense and was thrown out of the ring by Cena. Cena was then interrupted by his two Cyber Sunday opponents, and McMahon who announced that a championship would be on the line at Cyber Sunday. Cena performed the FU on Federline, after being insulted. The feud between the champions continued on the October 20 edition of SmackDown!, when Big Show and Cena were at ringside during Booker's title defense against Batista. Batista speared Booker onto Big Show, who, in response, assaulted Batista, ending the match via disqualification. Cena then joined the brawl, and SmackDown! General Manager Theodore Long announced a tag team match for the next week. On the next Raw, Cena defeated Nitro after an FU, but was assaulted afterwards by his Cyber Sunday opponents, who turned on each other shortly after to start a brawl between the four to end the show. Batista and Cena were successful in the tag team match, after Big Show abandoned Booker. The next week, on Raw, a preview of Cyber Sunday's interactivity was displayed when fans voted for Cena's opponent for the night, between Big Show, Booker, and Jonathan Coachman. Coachman won in the voting, but was easily defeated by Cena.

Output: b
Question: What was the largest stadium to host the Sussex Senior Cup? Passage:The final of the Sussex Senior Cup was held at Preston Park in Brighton for the first four competitions, from 1883 to 1886. It was then held at the County Cricket Ground in Hove for 18 editions of the cup, with the exception of the 1891 season, which was held on a league basis. In 1906 the first cup final took place to have been played at the Goldstone Ground in Hove. At the time the Goldstone Ground was the home stadium of Brighton and Hove Albion, which for some time was Sussex's only professional football club. The Goldstone Ground was known to have hosted the final of the Sussex Senior Cup a record 55 times between 1906 and 1995. Other stadiums to have hosted the Susssex Senior Cup include The Dripping Pan in Lewes (held 14 times between 1920 and 1947), The Trafalgar Ground in Newhaven (held twice in 1931 and 1932), Woodside Road in Worthing (held 7 times between 1934 and 1997), The Saffrons in Eastbourne (held once in 1936), Queen Street in Horsham (held once in 1949), Broadfield Stadium in Crawley (held twice in 1998 and 1999) and Priory Lane in Eastbourne (held 11 times between 2000 and 2010). Since 2011 the final of the Sussex Senior Cup has been played at the Falmer Stadium in Brighton.

Output: a
Question: Which video game developer who was connected to the Mother series is the oldest? Passage:Mother 3 was originally developed for the Super Famicom (Super Nintendo Entertainment System) beginning in 1994. Shigeru Miyamoto, head of Nintendo Entertainment Analysis & Development and Mother 3 producer, said that Mother 3 was "a commercial decision", since Mother 2 (EarthBound outside Japan) had sold well. By this point, Mother series creator Shigesato Itoi had worked on the series' earlier games and Itoi Shigesato no Bass Tsuri No. 1 and was experienced at pitching video games, so Miyamoto provided a team willingly. The Mother 2 development team carried over to the new game's development, though several people left and the team grew in size. They forewent the usual prototyping phase and went straight into development expecting to create something unprecedented. Itoi said he wanted to make the game like a Hollywood film. In September 1994, he predicted that Mother 3 development would end around 1996 with a release on Nintendo's then-upcoming console. The team was inspired by Super Mario 64 and felt that they too could creatively flourish by making a 3D world without restrictions. Their early technical specifications exceeded the capabilities and memory limits of the platform. About halfway through development, the team attempted to scale back its large scope and changed its development platform to the 64DD, a Nintendo 64 expansion peripheral. At E3 in June 1997, Miyamoto speculated that Mother 3 would be one of the four titles for the then-expected 1998 launch of the Japan-only peripheral, but the game was instead converted to a Nintendo 64 cartridge-only format upon the commercial failure of the repeatedly delayed 64DD.

Output: b
Question: The rightful heir to the Hungarian throne according to the Treaty of Nagyvarad was a king from which country? Passage:In 1530 John Zápolya appointed him as the provost of the Buda cathedral and as a royal secretary. Between 1530-1539 he was also the deputy of the King and after his death he remained with his widow, Isabella Jagiellon. In 1541 he moved with her to Transylvania, but he mostly traveled fulfilling diplomatic services because of his disagreement with cardinal Juraj Utješinović's policy of claiming the Hungarian throne for Isabella's and Zápolya's infant son (instead of conceding it to Ferdinand I as per Treaty of Nagyvárad). Utješinović, appointed by Zápolya as a guardian of his son, John Sigismund Zápolya, fought against Ferdinand and allied himself with the Ottoman Empire.

Output: b
Question: How many total casualties were experienced at in the Peninsula Campaign at the Second Bull Run? Passage:With the outbreak of the Civil War, Weed was promoted captain of the newly formed Battery I, 5th U.S. Artillery in May 1861. He remained at Camp Curtin in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, training his crews until the spring of 1862, when they served in the Peninsula Campaign and at Second Bull Run. He commanded his battery during the fierce artillery duel at Antietam. Promoted to command of all the artillery of the V Corps, his guns were in action at the Battle of Fredericksburg. From December 1862 through January 1863, he was stationed at Falmouth, Virginia. After a short leave of absence, he took part in the Battle of Chancellorsville, commanding the artillery of the 2nd Division, V Corps. On June 6, 1863, Weed left the regular army artillery to accept a commission as a brigadier general in the volunteer army. He was assigned command of 3rd Brigade in the 2nd Division, V Corps.

Output: b
Question: Who is the oldest person to run on the Republican ticket? Passage:For the Republicans, businessman and candidate for the U.S. Senate in 2014 Matt Bevin ran on a ticket with Tea Party activist and 2014 State House candidate Jenean Hampton; Agriculture Commissioner of Kentucky James Comer ran on a ticket with State Senator Christian McDaniel; former Louisville Metro Councilman and nominee for Mayor of Louisville in 2010 Hal Heiner ran on a ticket with former Lexington-Fayette Urban County Councilwoman and nominee for Kentucky State Treasurer in 2011 K.C. Crosbie; and former Associate Justice of the Kentucky Supreme Court Will T. Scott ran on a ticket with former Menifee County Sheriff Rodney Coffey. Bevin held an 83-vote lead over Comer in the primary election, with both Heiner and Scott conceding. The Associated Press, referring to the race between Bevin and Comer a "virtual tie", did not called the race in favor of either candidate. In addition, Comer refused to concede and stated that he would ask for a recanvass. The request for recanvass was filed with the Kentucky Secretary of State's office on May 20, 2015 with Secretary of State Alison Lundergan Grimes ordering the recanvass to occur at 9:00 a.m. local time on Thursday, May 28, 2015. Upon completion of the recanvass, Grimes announced that Bevin remained 83 votes ahead of Comer. Grimes also stated that should Comer want a full recount, it would require a court order from the Franklin Circuit Court. On May 29, Comer announced he would not request a recount and conceded the nomination to Bevin.

Output: b
Question: In what state did Edwin Jackson throw a no-hitter against his former team? Passage:On June 25, 2010, Jackson no-hit his former team, the Tampa Bay Rays, 1–0, at Tropicana Field, becoming the first pitcher to no-hit a former team since Philadelphia Phillie Terry Mulholland no-hit the San Francisco Giants in 1990. It was only the second no-hitter in Diamondbacks' history, the other being Randy Johnson's perfect game on May 18, 2004. He managed to complete the no-hitter despite walking eight and hitting a batter. It was also the fourth of the 2010 season, and the third time the Rays had been no-hit in less than 12 months. Jackson had a very rough start to the game, walking a total of eight batters as well as hitting B.J. Upton with a pitch. Overall, Jackson allowed nine batters on base and got out of a bases-loaded jam in the 3rd inning. Mark Reynolds, Tony Abreu, and Adam LaRoche (whose second-inning home run accounted for the game's only run) helped Jackson as they provided impressive defense. He threw 149 pitches in the entire game. Jackson became the first German-born pitcher to throw a no-hitter, the first African American to do so since Dwight Gooden in 1996, and the first African American to do so for a National League team since Bob Gibson in 1971.

Output: b
Question: When was the political party represented by governor Pedro Rosselló founded? Passage:In 1993, the chairman of the Puerto Rico Electric Power Authority (AEE), Miguel Cordero, proposed a natural gas pipeline as part of the Government of Puerto Rico's plan to diversify Puerto Rico's energy sources. However, the proposal did not proceed during the administration of the Partido Nuevo Progresista (PNP) governor Pedro Rosselló (1993–2000). In 2001, the Popular Democratic Party of Puerto Rico (PPD) won the gubernatorial elections, put Sila Calderon in La Fortaleza from 2001 to 2004, and appointed Héctor Rosario as executive director of the AEE. The pipeline plan proposed by Cordero was shelved. In 2005, a natural gas pipeline project named Gasoducto del Sur (English: Southern Gas Pipeline) started construction under the PPD administration of Aníbal Acevedo Vilá. The Gasoducto del Sur pipeline would have transported natural gas from the EcoEléctrica facilities in Peñuelas to the power plant at Aguirre in Salinas. Acevedo Vilá managed to complete about 25% of the Gasoducto del Sur project before being defeated by the opposing party, the PNP, in the 2008 elections. When the PNP took back La Fortaleza in 2009 via Luis Fortuño as governor, Miguel Cordero was reappointed executive director of the AEE, and the Gasoducto del Sur project, though a quarter of its way completed, was abruptly cancelled. The cancellation left the Government of Puerto Rico with a US$59 million debt to the contractor, Skanska, and opened the way for the PNP's alternative project, Gasoducto del Norte. However, after strong environmental and popular opposition to the Gasoducto del Norte project, on 11 October 2012, the Puerto Rico Electric Power Authority (AEE) withdrew the entire Gasoducto del Norte Gsoducto del Norte permit application from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers evaluation process, thereby stalling approval of the proposed pipeline indefinitely.

Output: b
Question: When did Sutherland retire from coaching? Passage:A halfback, Marhefka spent four seasons, 1920 through 1924, on Lafayette's football team under coach Jock Sutherland. In 1921 the squad went undefeated, but the college's president refused to allow them to compete in the Rose Bowl. After graduation, he was picked up by the Pottsville Maroons and played with them during their sole season in the Anthracite League, in which they were the champions. He remained with the team when they joined the National Football League the following year and was with them when, despite having the best record in the league, they were denied the 1925 NFL championship after being controversially suspended. He had a final season in professional football with the 1926 Philadelphia Quakers of the first American Football League, in which they were the champions. Marhekfa appeared in two games for the team during the season.

Output: a
Question: How many total soldiers are  able to be housed at Santa Rosa Army Air Field? Passage:The 367th Fighter Group was first activated at Hamilton Field, California on 15 July 1943 with the 392d, 393d and 394th Fighter Squadrons as its initial components. Several members of its initial cadre were former Flying Tigers with prior combat experience. It was not until late August, however, that the group received its first Bell P-39 Airacobra. After building up its strength, the group moved in October to Santa Rosa Army Air Field, California. In December the group moved to Oakland Municipal Airport, while its squadrons moved to separate fields in northern California. The squadrons moved temporarily in sequence to Tonopah Army Air Field, Nevada, where they performed dive bombing and gunnery training. Training accidents with the Airacobra cost eight pilots their lives. In January 1944, as it prepared for overseas movement, the 367th was beefed up with personnel from the 328th and 368th Fighter Groups. The group staged through Camp Shanks, and sailed for England aboard the . The "Drunken Duchess" docked at Greenock, Scotland on 3 April and the group was transported by train to its airfield at RAF Stoney Cross, England.

Output: a
Question: Who did the Tar Hells defeat to win the ACC Tournament in 2007? Passage:Williams quickly reloaded the team with top talent, bringing in recruits like Brandan Wright, Ty Lawson, Wayne Ellington and Deon Thompson. The 2006–07 team tied as ACC regular season champions, earning the tiebreak over the Virginia Cavaliers. With the #1 seed, the Tar Heels won the ACC Tournament. After earning a #1 seed in the East Region in the 2007 NCAA Tournament, Williams' team won its first-round game against Eastern Kentucky Colonels 86–65 and its second against Michigan State 81–67. North Carolina then defeated the USC Trojans 74–64 to advance to the Elite Eight. On March 24, 2007, North Carolina fell to the Georgetown Hoyas in overtime in the East Regional, ending its post-season run. Following the 2006–2007 season, Williams announced on July 18, 2007, that he had vertigo, a condition that occasionally forces him to sit down suddenly during games.

Output: b
Question: How many goals did Ryan McGuffie have for Gretna? Passage:He began his career at Rangers, where he made 2 appearances. Walker made his senior league début in a 1–0 win over Motherwell at Fir Park, coming off the bench to replace Hamed Namouchi. Walker had a six-month loan spell at Clyde in which he made his Bully Wee début in a 1–0 victory at Broadwood Stadium against Ross County. During this time, Walker won the SFL young player of the month award for September 2004. After his short-term deal at Broadwood, Walker went to Sweden for a couple of months but decided to come back home. he joined Morton in July 2005. Walker made his Morton début in a 3–2 (AET) Challenge Cup win over Gretna, in which assistant boss at Morton, Derek Collins, and later-to-be teammate Ryan McGuffie played for the opposition. His senior league debut was the following week against Raith Rovers, in which Morton triumphed 2–0 in front of 3,222 fans. He signed a new contract in May 2009, for another year at Morton. Being out of contract in the summer, and struggling for fitness, Walker was loaned to Brechin City for three months in January 2010. Walker suffered a recurrence of a groin injury, where he underwent surgery but remained at Brechin until April. He was released at the end of the 2009–10 season. After his release from Morton, Walker decided to go part-time and was signed up by ex-manager Jim McInally at East Stirlingshire for the 2010–11 season.

Output: a
Question: What are the names of the group members who first recorded "Crying in the Rain?" Passage:Friends dissolved shortly afterwards, and Kipner formed a new group, Skyband. Lloyd and Cotton left MGM when Curb also left to establish his own production company. The pair recruited Texan-born Chris Christian, and in 1975 the trio recorded their first album, Cotton, Lloyd & Christian, issued by 20th Century Records. Their version of the Del Shannon song "I Go to Pieces" - a 1965 hit for Peter and Gordon - became a #66 hit on the Billboard Hot 100. Other tracks included a slowed-down version of the Supremes' hit "Baby Love"; a medley of songs from the Who's Tommy; and "I Don't Know Why You Love Me". The album was repackaged by Curb and Lloyd in 1976, and used as the music soundtrack of a movie, The Pom Pom Girls. The trio's second album, Number Two, also appeared in 1976, and in April 1977 they released another single, "Crying in the Rain", written by Carole King and Howie Greenfield and first recorded by the Everly Brothers. Both albums were produced by Lloyd and Curb. No further recordings by the trio were released.

Output: b
Question: Which play ran longer, "A View form the Bridge" or "M. Butterfly"? Passage:In 1977, Gregorio returned to Broadway after an eight-year hiatus in the original production of Michael Cristofer's The Shadow Box as Agnes; she garnered nominations for the Tony Award for Best Performance by a Featured Actress in a Play and the Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Featured Actress in a Play. Since then her theatre appearances have been sporadic. She appeared as Laurie in the Off-Broadway production of David Blomquist's Weekends Like Other People, at the Marymount Manhattan Theatre in 1982. The following year she returned to Broadway as Beatrice in the original production of A View from the Bridge at the Ambassador Theatre, and again in 1988 as Helga in the original production of M. Butterfly at the Eugene O'Neill Theatre. In 1993 she appeared as Karen Frick in the Manhattan Theatre Club's production of Arthur Miller's The Last Yankee and in 2000 she portrayed the roles of Lena and Sandra in Beth Henley's Family Week at the Century Center for the Performing Arts.

Output: b
Question: What political party was Leland Stanford a member of the year Davis set sail for San Francisco? Passage:Davis sailed for San Francisco, California, around Cape Horn in 1852, and upon arriving, engaged for a brief time as a gold miner, a lumber supercargo surveyor for a coastal steamer, and a purser for the Pacific Mail Steamship Company. In addition he helped found the Mercantile Library Association of California (its oldest public library). Under his administrative tutelage interest in the library was restored with his creation of a library catalog (an act which later lead to his poor eyesight). He resigned in 1855 and relocated to San Francisco in 1860 at which time he established the highly successful Golden Gate Flouring Mills and the Sperry Flour Company. He was elected a member of the American Antiquarian Society in 1862. When the American Civil War broke out, he served in the secretive San Francisco-based Home Guard acting to secure both the loyalty of California to then Union President Abraham Lincoln and the election of Leland Stanford as governor of California (by patrolling the polls on election day). He presided over the Produce Exchange of San Francisco from 1867 to 1877 until he was elected as a Republican to the United States House of Representatives of the Forty-fifth and Forty-sixth Congresses (March 4, 1877 - March 3, 1881), where on June 8, 1878 he spoke in support of a bill to restrict Chinese immigration. He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1880 to the Forty-seventh Congress.

Output: b
Question: Which regiment that Gannon served in was established first? Passage:Jack Rose Compton Gannon (1 November 1882 – 25 April 1980) was an Irish first-class cricketer and British Army officer. He served initially with the British Army's South Staffordshire Regiment before joining the Indian Army's 23rd Cavalry Regiment. He saw active service in the First World War and the Third Anglo-Afghan War and was mentioned in dispatches. Gannon later served as a military secretary to the British commander-in-chief in India before his retirement in 1933. He was recalled to service in the Second World War and was recognised for his contributions to the war on the western front by two further mentions in dispatches and appointment to British and Dutch honours. In retirement he was manager of The Hurlingham Club – an exclusive sports club – and honorary secretary of the Hurlingham Polo Association. Gannon played eight first-class cricket matches for Marylebone Cricket Club and the Europeans.

Output: b
Question: How many different presidents had been elected in the prior elections held in South Korea? Passage:Presidential elections were held in South Korea on 19 December 2012. They were the sixth presidential elections since democratization and the establishment of the Sixth Republic, and was held under a first-past-the-post system, in which there was a single round of voting and the candidate receiving the highest number of votes was elected. Under the South Korean constitution, presidents are restricted to a single five-year term in office. The term of incumbent president Lee Myung-bak ended on 24 February 2013. According to the Korea Times, 30.7 million people voted with turnout at 75.8%. Park Geun-hye of the Saenuri party was elected the first female South Korean president with 51.6% of the vote opposed to 48.0% for her opponent Moon Jae-in. Park's share of the vote was the highest won by any candidate since the beginning of free and fair direct elections in 1987.

Output: b
Question: How old was John Gorham when he formed Gorham's Rangers? Passage:Gorham's Rangers was one of the most famous and effective ranger units raised in the colonial North America. Formed by John Gorham, the unit served as the prototype for many subsequent ranger forces, including the better known Rogers' Rangers. The unit started out as a Massachusetts provincial auxiliary company, which means it was not part of the province's normal militia system. Recruited in the summer of 1744 at the start of King George's War, Governor William Shirley ordered the unit raised as reinforcements for the then-besieged British garrison at Fort Anne in Annapolis Royal. Over the next eight years the unit proved remarkably effective at suppressing Acadian and Mi'kmaq resistance to British rule in Nova Scotia and helped to both expand and secure the British sphere of influence in the region. Initially a sixty-man all-Indian company led by British colonial officers, the original Native American members of the unit were gradually replaced by Anglo-Americans and recent Scots and Irish immigrants and were a minority in the unit by the mid-1750s. The company were reconnaissance experts as well as renowned for their expertise at both water-borne operations and frontier guerrilla warfare. They were known for surprise amphibious raids on Acadian and Mi'kmaq coastal or riverine settlements, using large whaleboats, which carried between ten and fifteen rangers each. This small unit was the main British military force defending Nova Scotia from 1744 to 1749. The company became part of the British army and was expanded during the Seven Years' War and went on to play an important role in fighting in Nova Scotia as well as participating in many of the important campaigns of the war, particularly distinguishing itself at the Siege of Quebec in 1759.

Output: a
Question: On what London street was the library for the London School of Economics established? Passage:The School expanded rapidly and was moved along with its newly established library, the British Library of Political and Economic Science to No. 10 Adelphi Terrace in September 1896, continuing to expand through the next couple of years thanks to Shaw. In 1902, The Coefficients dining club was regularly meeting in the Library, and they affected the development of LSE along with the Fabians and the Suffragettes movement (who also first met at LSE). In 1900, the School became officially recognised as a Faculty of Economics within the much larger University of London in Bloomsbury, and began enrolling students for bachelor's degrees and doctorates in the same year. At the same time, the LSE began expanding into other areas of social sciences, including, initially, geography (in 1902) and philosophy (in 1903), pioneering the study of international relations, as well as teaching history, law, psychology and sociology. By 1902, it was apparent the School had and would continue to outgrow its Adelphi Terrace location, and moved to its present campus in Clare Market off the Aldwych and aside Kingsway - not far from Whitehall, in 1902. The Old Building, which remains a significant office and classroom building, was opened on Houghton Street in 1922.

Output: a
Question: Regarding the heritage of Emmanuel's parents, which non-English place of origin was colonized first? Passage:Emmanuel was born on 2 March 1989 in Southend-on-Sea, a seaside resort town in Essex, England. Emmanuel is the second child of a half Dominican (Dominiquais) and half English mother, and a father of half-Saint Lucian and half English descent. Emmanuel demonstrated an affinity for the arts at an early age; she recalled that her mother first took notice of her passion and desire to become an actress during Emmanuel's attendance at the independent St Hilda's School (now closed) and later grammar Westcliff High School for Girls. In an interview with the New York Daily News, she commented, "When I was 3, [I'd] always cause drama that my mum decided maybe I should channel it properly—so she started me on acting, singing and dancing classes". At the age of 10, she played Young Nala in the West End production of the musical The Lion King.

Output: b
Question: When was the film studio which produced the 2007 horror movie where Paol Serrano had a cameo?  Passage:His career in entertainment started in 2005 He first starred in an indie film Matthew, Mark, Luke and John  until GMA Network discovered his potential in acting. He debuted in television when he became one of the members of the cast of Daisy Siete: Isala Chikita which aired on GMA-7. He got a cameo role in Tope Lee's Quija a horror movie produced by GMA Films and released in 2007, he was also cast as David in Green Paradise co-star with Cristine Reyes. In 2008 Serrano had as a recurring role of Babangon Ako't Dudurugin Kita, a remake of a Sharon Cuneta movie, which aired on GMA Network. He starred in Joel Lamangan's film Heavenly Touch with Joash Balejado, and Marco Morales in a lead role. He also joined the cast of Una Kang Naging Akin which is also a remake flicks series. In 2009 Serrano appeared as a guest star in ABS-CBN television drama Tayong Dalawa in three episodes.

Output: b
Question: What major state university is located in the city where Creditsafe increased its US workforce by opening a new office? Passage:Creditsafe was founded in 1997 in Oslo, Norway with the idea of using the then emerging technology of the internet to supply business information to a market of smaller and medium-sized businesses by selling over the telephone and delivering reports over the internet. Following the Norwegian launch Creditsafe established an office in Gothenburg Sweden in 1998 before moving to the UK in 2000. Creditsafe re-located the UK sales operation to Caerphilly in South Wales in 2002. In 2006 Creditsafe France was launched in Roubaix near Lille. Additional entities were later launched in Dublin in Ireland in 2007, The Hague in the Netherlands in 2008, Berlin, Germany in 2010, Brussels, Belgium in 2011 and Turin in Italy in 2013. Creditsafe moved outside Europe in 2012 with the founding of Creditsafe United States in Allentown, Pennsylvania. Since launching in the USA, Creditsafe have now increased its US workforce by opening a new office in Tempe, Arizona Creditsafe established a shared service centre in Cardiff Bay, Wales in 2006 which has grown to support the sales operations around the world. In September 2016, Creditsafe set up its own operation in Japan. has its offices in Fukuoka and Tokyo

Output: b
Question: What stone is rated the highest on the Mohs scale of mineral hardness? Passage:Hardstone carving falls under the general category of glyptic art, which covers small carvings and sculpture in all categories of stone. The definition in this context of "hardstone" is unscientific and not very rigid, but excludes "soft" stones such as soapstone (steatite) and minerals such as alabaster, both widely used for carving, as well as typical stones for building and monumental sculpture, such as marble and other types of limestone, and sandstone. These are typically not capable of a fine finish in very small carvings, and would wear in prolonged use. In other contexts, such as architecture, "hard stone" and "soft stone" have different meanings, referring to actual measured hardness using the Mohs scale of mineral hardness and other measures. Some rocks used in architecture and monumental sculpture, such as granite, are at least as hard as the gemstones, and others such as malachite are relatively soft but counted as hardstones because of their rarity and fine colour.

Output: a
Question: Were the Subics the dominant ethnic group of Bosnia? Passage:In 1290 Hungarian King Ladislaus IV died leaving no heirs to the throne. The cousin of Ladislaus IV, Andrew III, was crowned King, despite the desire of the sister of the former King Ladislaus IV, Mary of Hungary, Queen of Naples, who wanted her son, Charles Martel as the new King in Hungary. The latter party had much more support, so Pope Nicholas IV had crowned Charles Martel as King of Hungary. This movement was supported by the most powerful Croatian nobility, the Šubićs, Princes of Bribir. As the current head of the family, Paul Šubić was also son-in-law of King Stefan Dragutin, family connections made Kotroman support Charles Martel's crowning. To increase his influence in Kotroman's realm, Charles Martel issued numerous edicts to split the land among the lesser gentry to gain support for his reign. It appears that he gave the reign over Bosnia to the Šubićs. Charles Martel died unexpectedly in 1295, before the campaign to cease the power in Hungary was finished. The Queen of Naples and sister of former King Ladislaus IV, Mary, had then decided to put her grandson, son of Charles Martel, Charles Robert as the future King of Hungary. Pope Boniface VIII declared the twelve-year-old boy as King Charles I of Hungary in 1297. Paul Šubić of Croatia declared himself as "Dominus of Bosnia" in 1299 and gave the title of Bosnian Ban to his brother, Mladen I Šubić. All of Kotroman's land except for the Lower Edges, which was ruled by Prince Hrvatin Stjepanić as a vassal of the Šubićs, was held by the House of Šubić; as was confirmed by Charles I Robert. Paul Šubić wanted to bring King Charles Robert to Split across Croatia to Zagreb, which would become the main station of his campaign against King Andrew III of Hungary. During the preparations for war, Andrew III died unexpectedly. Charles Robert assessed the Hungarian throne, but had to fight numerous opponents to his regime up to 1309.

Output: a
Question: Which of the original artists of the first two singles released from Punk Goes Pop Vol. 7 sold more copies of the original tracks? Passage:Since the release of Punk Goes Pop Vol. 7 the album has spawned four singles. The first which was released in promotion of the album was Dance Gavin Dance's cover of That's What I Like originally performed by Bruno Mars, it was released on June 1, 2017 alongside the announcement of the Punk Goes Pop Vol. 7, it was accompanied by a music video. The second single to be released off the album was The Amity Affliction's cover of Can't Feel My Face originally performed by The Weeknd, it was released on June 22, 2017. It was also accompanied by a music video depicting zombie teenagers walking around eating people in a school and a group of people trying to kill them. The band is seen playing on a stage in what seems to be an auditorium of the school and they also have become zombies. The third single to be released off the album was Andy Black and his wife Juliet Simms's cover of When We Were Young originally performed by Adele, it was released on July 14, 2017 in celebration of the release of Punk Goes Pop Vol. 7. It was also accompanied by a music video depicting Andy and his wife Juliet in a black and white movie singing a duet of When We Were Young. The fourth single to be released off the album was Grayscale's cover of Love Yourself originally performed by Justin Bieber, it was released on July 19, 2017 after the official release of Punk Goes Pop Vol. 7. The song's music video depicts teens singing in front of the band. As the band sings each of the audience members writes various flaws on each other's body with sticky notes. After that they are blown away by the lead singer of Grayscale with a leaf blower and the audience begins to dance around. At the end all the teens stick the notes to a wall creating a pattern of sorts. The meaning behind the video is to be yourself and don't let little things get to you and to love yourself for what you are not by what others think.

Output: b
Question: How many brothers and sisters did Wieniawa-Długoszowski's future wife have? Passage:In 1914 he moved to Kraków and joined the First Cadre Company which fought on the Austro-Hungarian side against Russia. In October 1914 he became a commander of a platoon of a squadron in . During the fighting in 1914–1915 he was promoted to lieutenant, and after the war he was awarded the V-Class Virtuti Militari. In August 1915 he moved to the special group in Warsaw. Soon he became an aide-de-camp to Józef Piłsudski. In 1918, he was sent on a mission to Russia. He was given three tasks; to persuade General Józef Haller's army, then in the Ukraine, to back Piłsudski (he failed in this task), to reach the French military mission in Moscow under General Lavergne (he succeeded in this task) and to return from Moscow to Paris to liaise with the government there. Unfortunately he was arrested by the Soviet Cheka as a member of the Polish Military Organisation while on a French diplomatic train on its way from Moscow to Murmansk (and Paris). He was imprisoned in the Taganka prison. He was freed thanks to the intervention of his future wife Bronisława Wieniawa-Długoszowska with the much feared Cheka operative Yakovleva, then in charge of the prison. Bronisława was at that time married to the lawyer , the lawyer of Felix Dzerzhinsky, the head of the Cheka. She was a Lutheran, her family having converted from the Jewish faith when she was eight.

Output: b
Question: What town is the team from that was ranked second when Ole Miss beat them in 2015? Passage:Ole Miss's 2015 season began with easy victories over FCS foe UT-Martin and the Mountain West's Fresno State, and continued their momentum by defeating then-no.2 Alabama on the road, which would become the signature victory of the Rebels' 2015 campaign. Ole Miss then rose to no.3 in the AP Poll, and although they were heavy favorites in their next matchup against Vanderbilt, they struggled mightily, but ultimately emerged victorious. They Rebels maintained their no.3 ranking before getting blown out by Florida on the road and fell to no.14 before bouncing back against New Mexico State. The Rebels entered their next game with a #13 ranking against rival Memphis, in what was one of the most anticipated in the history of Memphis football. Ole Miss, despite being double digit favorites, lost by 13 points, causing them to fall 11 spots in the rankings to no.24. The Rebels followed with two wins against SEC West opponents Texas A&M and Auburn and climbed to no.18 in the rankings and controlled their own destiny the SEC West, but a heartbreaking loss to Arkansas the following week caused them to fall to second place in the SEC West and to fall out of the rankings for the first time since the 2013 season. However, Ole Miss finished the regular season with double digit wins over ranked SEC Rivals LSU and Mississippi State and rose to no.12 in the College Football Playoff poll, which earned them a Sugar Bowl berth for the first time since 1970, where they defeated no.16 Oklahoma State and ultimately finished ranked no.10 in the AP Poll, their first top-ten finish since 1969.

Output: b
Question: How old was Bill Anderson the year that he helped co-write a song that became Wills's first No. 1 country hit? Passage:Wish You Were Here was Wills's second album. This was his most commercially successful, earning a platinum certification from the Recording Industry Association of America. The lead-off single "I Do (Cherish You)" and its followup, "Don't Laugh at Me", both reached No. 2 on the country charts, with the former bringing him to the Billboard Hot 100 for the first time. Following the pair of No. 2-peaking songs was the album's title track. Co-written by Bill Anderson, Skip Ewing, and Debbie Moore, it became Wills's first No. 1 country hit in 1999. Later that year, the boy band 98 Degrees covered "I Do (Cherish You)" on their album 98 Degrees and Rising. Following "Wish You Were Here" was "She's in Love", the final single from Wish You Were Here, which peaked at No. 7. In 1998, Wills received an Academy of Country Music award for Top New Male Vocalist.

Output: b
Question: What was the record of Schalke the year that Kroos scored his first Bundesliga goal? Passage:Kroos signed a three-year contract for Werder Bremen on 15 June 2010. On 24 November 2010, he made his first-team debut during an away UEFA Champions League fixture against Tottenham Hotspur during which he gave away a penalty for a foul on Luka Modrić in a 3–0 loss. He finished the 2010–11 season with no goals in six matches played. He played in one match during the 2011–12. He scored no goals in five matches played during the 2012–13 season. On 9 November 2013, he scored his first Bundesliga goal against Schalke in an away match, which ended as a 3–1 defeat for Bremen. He finished the 2013–14 season with a goal in 20 matches played. He finished the 2014–15 season with no goals in 29 matches played. During the 2015–16 season, Kroos made nine appearances before moving to Union Berlin.

Output: a
Question: Who trounced him at the start of 2019 in the 10K race he took second in? Passage:He began 2018 in Europe with third at the Czech Indoor Gala and a runner-up finish at the Cinque Mulini. A 5000 m win at the Ethiopian U20 Championships and a personal best of 13:04.63 minutes to win at the Meeting Iberoamericano de Atletismo saw him enter the 2018 IAAF World U20 Championships saw him enter the competition as the second fastest runner after training mate Selemon Barega. He was beaten by the heat, however, and finished fifth in the 5000 m. He made his IAAF Diamond League debut that year, placing seventh at Athletissima. He closed the year with third place at the Great Ethiopian Run. At the start of 2019 he continued to show his strength over distance with second place at the Giro Media Blenio 10K. Turning to the track, he won the Ethiopian national title, was fifth at the Shanghai Golden Grand Prix, then had his first Diamond League victory by winning the 5000 m at the Golden Gala, beating his partner Selemon Barega. He was third at that year's Athletissima and placed fourth at the Diamond League final at the Weltklasse Zürich.

Output: a
Question: What was the age difference between Ronald Reagan and his running mate? Passage:In the 1976 Republican primary, President Ford faced a challenge from former California Governor Ronald Reagan, who selected Richard Schweiker as his running mate. Though Thurmond backed Reagan's candidacy, he, along with North Carolina Senator Jesse Helms, led efforts to oust Schweiker from the ticket. During the subsequent general election, Thurmond appeared in a campaign commercial for incumbent U.S. President Gerald Ford in his race against Thurmond's fellow Southerner, former Georgia Governor Jimmy Carter. In the commercial, Thurmond said Ford (who was born in Nebraska and spent most of his life in Michigan) "sound[ed] more like a Southerner than Jimmy Carter". After President-elect Carter nominated Theodore C. Sorensen as his choice to become Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, Thurmond expressed reservations and fellow Senator Jake Garn said he believed Thurmond would not vote for the nomination. Sorensen withdrew from consideration days later, before a vote could be had.

Output: b
Question: How long did the battle where Roussel de Bailleul refused to fight last? Passage:He was present at the Battle of Manzikert in 1071, where he refused to join the fray; the battle proved to be a disastrous defeat for the Byzantines. Despite this treachery, he was kept in imperial service, where good generals were needed, and was sent into Asia Minor again with a force of 3,000 Franco-Norman heavy cavalry. There Roussel conquered some territory in Galatia and declared it an independent state in 1073, with himself as prince, following the example set by his fellow Normans in the Mezzogiorno. His capital was Ankara, now the capital of Turkey. He defeated the Caesar John Ducas and sacked Chrysopolis, near Constantinople. He even supported a usurper candidate, but by formally ceding lands that the Seljuk Turks had actually conquered, the emperor Michael VII persuaded the Seljuk warlord Tutush I to remove Roussel. However both Ducas and Roussel were defeated and captured by Turkish forces, fortunately for Roussel his wife was able to pay the ransom demanded by the Turks allowing Roussel to return to Amasea, where the population so loved him that he made himself undisputed governor. He was given up by the people through a ploy of Alexius Comnenus (1074), then a general, later an emperor. 

Output: b
Question: Did the diesel engines used for power and cruising come from the same manufacturer? Passage:German Type IXD2 submarines were considerably larger than the original Type IXs. U-861 had a displacement of when at the surface and while submerged. The U-boat had a total length of , a pressure hull length of , a beam of , a height of , and a draught of . The submarine was powered by two MAN M 9 V 40/46 supercharged four-stroke, nine-cylinder diesel engines plus two MWM RS34.5S six-cylinder four-stroke diesel engines for cruising, producing a total of for use while surfaced, two Siemens-Schuckert 2 GU 345/34 double-acting electric motors producing a total of for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to .

Output: b
Question: In what year did John Lennon die? Passage:Barbra Streisand recorded "Mother" (as well as Lennon's "Love") on her 1971 album Barbra Joan Streisand; it was also released as a single. The song also featured on Lennon's live album Live in New York City, released by Lennon's widow Yoko Ono after his death. Other songs born out of this period of therapy include "Working Class Hero" and "Isolation". Shigesato Itoi, creator of the Mother video game series, stated in an interview that this song was in large part the inspiration for his naming of the series. Mia Martini recorded in 1972 this song in Italian, with the title literally translated as "Madre". Maynard Ferguson recorded the song on his 1972 album M.F. Horn Two. South African artist Ratau Mike Makhalemele covered the song on an EP of Lennon covers in 1990. Shelby Lynne covered this song on her 2001 album Love, Shelby. Christina Aguilera covered the song in 2007 for the benefit album . Eminem sampled the song on the song for his song "Headlights", featured on the album the Marshall Mathers LP 2. Folk artist, Jackie Oates, included a version of the song on her album The Joy of Living in 2018. Lou Reed covered the song several times live featuring electric guitars and violins

Output: b