niryuu/sni-each-converted huggingface dataset:
Question: Which record label released the Ice-T album where Gripsta was featured on a song? Passage:Brandi Younger better known as Gripsta, is an Oakland, California born female rap artist/actress discovered by Ice-T at the age of 13. She was featured on song titled "Funky Gripsta" off of his 1993 album release Home Invasion and later signed to Tuff Break/A&M Records in the 1990s. Her debut single "Pop Goz the 9" was partially leaked in January 1994, its music video was directed by Ice-T. However Gripsta's debut single was never officially released. The Tuff Break label on A&M records was dropped before her scheduled release date. She was later featured on The Seventh Deadly Sin, Ice-T's 7th album, Released: October 12, 1999 as well as numerous features on record label Def Jam's The Murda Squad album. She worked with many artists under that association including South Central Cartel, Spice One and Sh'killa. Gripsta was also featured in a principal role in the movie Dangerous Minds in which she played one of the many troubled teens that actress Michelle Pfeiffer sought to reform. Other acting credits include a guest star appearance in the "Leaving the Life" episode of the CBS television show Promised Land, a semi popular spin-off of CBS more successful show Touched by an Angel. Gripsta has since changed her name to 'Egypt'.

Output: b
Question: What year was the wealthy businessman that Berkman tried to assassinate born? Passage:By the early 1890s he had moved away from Bavaria and, with his brother, was working in Duisburg. Together the brothers smuggled subversive anarchist literature into Germany from the Netherlands. Coming under increasing police pressure, and taking his queue from a number of other anarchist comrades in a similar predicament, early in 1892 he fled to the United States of America. On his arrival at New York he met up with the circle around Emma Goldman, Alexander Berkman, and politically like-minded comrades from Germany. Sepp Orter discovered in himself a talent for activism, turning out to have a flair for public speaking. During 1892 he was also the editor of the New York version of , published by the "Radical Workers' Association" ("Radikaler Arbeiter Bund") and the "Autonomy" group which also numbered among its members Josef Peukert. The stay in America was cut short, however. The authorities suspected that Oerter had somehow been involved in Alexander Berkman's attempt to assassinate a wealthy businessman called Henry Clay Frick. Those suspicions appear not to have been entirely unfounded. With financial assistance from Emma Goldman, Sepp Oerter returned to Germany. He travelled via London where he arrived in October, and where the editorial group publishing "Autonomy" gave him a mission to take printed material across Belgium to the German frontier in order to effect a clandestine introduction of the anarchist propaganda to Germany. Sepp Oerter was able to complete his mission with the help of his brother Fritz who had stayed behind when Sepp had escaped to America.

Output: b
Question: Which of the rivers that made up the boundaries of the region that the Totonac people dominated is the longest? Passage:Totonacapan refers to the historical extension where the Totonac people of Mexico dominated, as well as to a region in the modern states of Veracruz and Puebla. The historical territory was much larger than the currently named region, extending from the Cazones River in the north to the Papaloapan River in the south and then west from the Gulf of Mexico into what is now the Sierra Norte de Puebla region and into parts of Hidalgo. When the Spanish arrived, the Totonac ethnicity dominated this large region, although they themselves were dominated by the Aztec Empire. For this reason, they allied with Hernán Cortés against Tenochtitlán. However, over the colonial period, the Totonac population and territory shrank, especially after 1750 when mestizos began infiltrating Totonacapan, taking political and economic power. This continued into the 19th and 20th centuries, prompting the division of most of historical Totonacpan between the states of Puebla and Veracruz. Today, the term refers only to a region in the north of Veracruz were Totonac culture is still important. This region is home to the El Tajín and Cempoala archeological sites as well as Papantla, which is noted for its performance of the Danza de los Voladores.

Output: a
Question: On what network did the television film adaptation of Mitch Albom's book first appear? Passage:In 1999, Moniz landed a role in the primetime CBS drama pilot Partners. In the same year, she starred as the female lead in the critically acclaimed television film adaptation of Mitch Albom's book Tuesdays with Morrie. She later was a series regular in the short-lived NBC comedy series Battery Park opposite Elizabeth Perkins. In fall of 2000, Moniz was cast as a series regular in the role of Rachel McCabe in the sixth and final season of the CBS series Nash Bridges. She later starred as Louisa "Lulu" Archer on the CBS series The Guardian opposite Simon Baker. The series aired from 2001 to 2004. Moniz guest starred in an episode of the NBC legal drama Law & Order in 2005, and had a recurring role as Stacey Walker in the ABC short-lived comedy-drama Big Shots in 2007. She later appeared as Jill Burnham on the FX series Damages from 2009 to 2010. In 2010 she was cast as Tom Selleck's love interest in the CBS police drama Blue Bloods, but the role was recast with Andrea Roth. She later appeared in the recurring role of Llanview Mayor Finn - who succeeds the exiting Mayor Dorian Lord on the ABC daytime soap opera One Life to Live in 2011. She also appeared in the ABC series 666 Park Avenue in 2012.

Output: a
Question: How many total films were in contention for an award at the 1995 Oscars? Passage:The 67th Academy Awards ceremony, organized by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) took place on March 27, 1995, at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles beginning at 6:00 p.m. PST / 9:00 p.m. EST. During the ceremony, AMPAS presented Academy Awards (commonly referred to as the Oscars) in 23 categories honoring the films released in 1994. The ceremony, televised in the United States by ABC, was produced by Gilbert Cates and directed by Jeff Margolis. Comedian David Letterman hosted the show for the first time. Three weeks earlier in a ceremony held at the Regent Beverly Wilshire Hotel in Beverly Hills, California on March 4, the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Jamie Lee Curtis.

Output: a
Question: How long had the LDS Church been in existence the year that Burton became the chief supervising architect for them? Passage:Harold William Burton (October 23, 1887 – October 2, 1969) was an early 20th-century architect with architectural works throughout the western United States and Canada. Burton was one of the most prolific architects of chapels, meetinghouses, tabernacles and temples for The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). In 1910 he opened an architectural firm with Hyrum Pope (Pope and Burton) in Salt Lake City, Utah. They were particularly fond of Frank Lloyd Wright and the Prairie School architectural style. As young architects, Pope & Burton won design competitions for two of their better-known works, the Cardston Alberta and Laie Hawaii temples of the LDS Church. Burton moved to Los Angeles, California in 1927 to set up another office in the firm with Pope. After Pope unexpectedly died in 1939, Burton established a new firm with his son Douglas W. Burton. Together they continued to design many buildings, including some for the church. In 1955, Harold became the chief supervising architect for the LDS Church. One of his final works was the Oakland California Temple. Aside from places of worship, Burton also designed civic buildings and homes. Many of his works exist today, some of which are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Output: b
Question: How long had Jeffrey Ullman been teaching at Stanford the year Mairson got his B.A.? Passage:Mairson received a B.A. in Mathematics from Yale University in 1978 and a Ph.D. in Computer Science from Stanford University in 1984 under the supervision of Jeffrey Ullman. His Ph.D. thesis, The Program Complexity of Searching a Table, won the Machtey Award at the 1983 IEEE Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science (FOCS). Mairson was a Postdoctoral researcher at INRIA Rocqencourt from 1984 to 1985, at Stanford University in 1985, and at the University of Oxford in 1986. He held a Visiting Professor position from 1999 to 2001 at Boston University. From 2005 to 2007, Mairson has served as the Chair of the Faculty Senate at Brandeis. He is currently an Associate Editor of the journal Logical Methods in Computer Science and Information and Computation, and sits on the editorial board of Higher-Order and Symbolic Computation.

Output: b
Question: What country is the National Institute of Health located in? Passage:While working at the National Institute of Health, Lisziewicz worked to find a gene therapy approach to treat HIV/AIDS. She based her research on discovering if small portions of gene-stopping DNA (called antisense oligonucleotides) could be created to bind up the viral RNA in retroviruses like HIV so that the virus could not make more copies of itself to continue the infection. Small pieces of messenger RNA (or mRNA) carry a copy of the cell's DNA to the ribosomes where the mRNA directs the ribosomes to create the proteins that the cells need. Viruses (like HIV) have their own set of mRNA, and they use the ribosomes of the cell they infected to make new viruses to propagate the infection throughout the body. Lisziewicz's idea was to create antisense oligonucleotides that are complementary to the HIV's viral mRNA. These complementary DNA pieces can bind to the HIV viral mRNA and prevent the HIV virus from replicating itself. The use of antisense oligonucleotides worked very well in cell cultures, and was quickly transferred to clinical trials.

Output: b
Question: What year was the club that Lisney made a single appearance in founded? Passage:Lisney made a single appearance in first-class cricket for the Surrey Club against the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) at Lord's in 1853. In a match which the MCC won by 66 runs, Lisney took five wickets in the MCC first-innings, finishing with figures of 5/33 from twenty overs. In the Surrey Club first-innings, Lisney was last man out when he was run out for 3 runs. He then proceeded to take three wickets in the MCC second-innings, but his exact figures in this innings are unknown due to an incomplete scorecard. In the Surrey Club second-innings, he was again last man out, this time dismissed for a duck by Thomas Nixon. He later stood as an umpire in the return fixture between the two sides in July 1853 at The Oval, before standing in a match between Surrey and Kent later in the season.

Output: a
Question: How long did Chris Stapleton's single that hit the top 10 remain on the chart? Passage:American singer-songwriter Chris Stapleton has released three studio albums, one EP, ten singles, six promotional singles, and three music videos. His debut solo album, Traveller, was released on May 5, 2015 by Mercury Nashville. It reached number one on the US Billboard 200 and was certified triple platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) and gold by Music Canada. Its album track "Tennessee Whiskey" was certified quadruple Platinum in the US and reached the top 20 on the Billboard Hot 100, while the single "Nobody to Blame" reached the top 10 on the US Country Airplay chart. Stapleton's second studio album  was released on May 5, 2017, and , on December 1. Traveller and Volume 1 were the best-selling country albums of 2016 and 2017, respectively. Volume 1 and Volume 2 both debuted at number two on the Billboard 200.

Output: a
Question: In what city was the lead singer of the Long Blondes born? Passage:Multiple artists have cited the band as an influence. Kele Okereke, lead singer of London band Bloc Party, said that he started making music because of Suede's Dog Man Star, and called it "the first record [he] fell in love with". Kate Jackson, lead singer of English indie rock band The Long Blondes has said in interviews of her love for Suede. In 2007, she admitted that Suede got her into music, saying: "Suede's debut album was unlike anything I'd heard before. It was the opposite of grunge, which I hated, and my escape from Bury St Edmunds." Christopher Owens of the Californian indie pop group Girls named Suede as one of his major influences, and his vocal style has been compared to that of Anderson. My Chemical Romance frontman Gerard Way cited Suede as a prominent inspiration for his 2014 solo album, Hesitant Alien. The band have also served as an influence on acts such as Sons and Daughters, Dum Dum Girls, and Drowners, who took their name from the similarly titled Suede song. Canadian rock band Destroyer named their 2017 album ken after the original title for "The Wild Ones".

Output: a
Question: Who was the president of the company that wanted to acquire The Disaster Artist on October of 2015? Passage:In June 2014, James Franco's younger brother, Dave Franco, informally announced at a midnight showing of The Room that he had been cast in the co-starring role of Greg Sestero. Wiseau praised the decision in a Q&A session. The film is the first collaboration of James and brother Dave, as the younger Franco has said that he had sought different projects deliberately, specifying in an interview at the Toronto International Film Festival, "I didn't want people to think I was riding his coattails." As New Line Cinema sought to acquire The Disaster Artist in October 2015, one of the film's producers, and frequent Franco collaborator, Seth Rogen, was in negotiations to play The Rooms script supervisor, Sandy Schklair. Schklair expressed concern over the film's portrayal of him, as Rogen did not pursue contact with him, despite his offers to sit down and discuss the film. The remainder of the principal cast were revealed in the days prior to the beginning of filming, in early December 2015: Josh Hutcherson plays Philip Haldiman, Ari Graynor as Juliette Danielle, Jacki Weaver as Carolyn Minnott, Hannibal Buress as Bill Meur, Andrew Santino as Scott Holmes, and Zac Efron as Dan Janjigian. Dave Franco's wife, Alison Brie, joined the cast in the role of Sestero's then-girlfriend, Amber, and Sharon Stone was later announced to have been cast as Hollywood talent agent Iris Burton. Sestero stated in January 2016 that Bryan Cranston had been cast in the film in an undisclosed role. In November 2016, he was revealed to be playing himself during his time working on Malcolm in the Middle.

Output: b
Question: Who had the best record during the period that Barnsley F.C.  played in the Sheffield & District League? Passage:Barnsley Football Club is an English association football club based in the South Yorkshire town of Barnsley. Founded in 1887 under the name Barnsley St Peter's, the team played in the Sheffield & District League from the 1890–91 season and first entered the FA Cup in 1893–94. Two years later, they were accepted into the Midland League. The club changed its name to Barnsley F.C. in 1897; its team finished as Midland League runners-up in the first season under the new name, and were elected to the newly expanded Second Division of the Football League for the 1898–99 season. A 16th-place finish in their second season meant they had to apply for re-election; the application was successful, and Barnsley continued safely in mid-table until 1911, when they again needed to be re-elected to the League. Their cup form was rather better: either side of that poor League placing, they reached the FA Cup final. In 1909–10, they drew 1–1 with Newcastle United in the final at Crystal Palace, but lost 1–0 in the replay at Everton's Goodison Park ground. Two seasons later, after taking three replays to get through the quarter-final, they played out a goalless draw with West Bromwich Albion at Crystal Palace; this time Barnsley won the replay, at Sheffield United's Bramall Lane ground, by one goal to nil.

Output: a
Question: Who was the manager for the Nepal national cricket team when Bari made his senior team debut against Nepal? Passage:Bari was born in Dubai. Having earlier represented his country at under-15 and under-17 level, he played for the UAE under-19s at the 2005 ACC Under-19 Cup in Nepal and the 2007 ACC Under-19 Elite Cup in Malaysia. His performance at the 2005 tournament included figures of 3/31 against Kuwait and 2/20 against Malaysia, while at the 2007 tournament he top-scored with 45 against Singapore. Bari made his senior debut for the UAE in November 2006, appearing against Nepal in an ACC Premier League match. His first-class debut came the following month, in an ICC Intercontinental Cup match against Namibia. He took a five-wicket haul, 5/130, in Namibia's only innings, but his team lost by an innings and 149 runs. Bari has since made another three Intercontinental Cup appearances, playing against Ireland in 2007 and against Kenya in 2008 and 2011. He also represented the UAE at the 2007 and 2013 ACC Twenty20 Cups.

Output: b
Question: How many passengers did the airport where China Airlines is headquarter handle in 2017? Passage:China Airlines (CAL) () is the national carrier of Taiwan (officially the Republic of China, hence the "China" name), and one of its two major airlines along with EVA Air. It is headquartered in Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport and operates over 1400 flights weekly (including 91 pure cargo flights) to 102 cities across Asia, Europe, North America and Oceania. Carrying over 19 million passengers and 5700 tons of cargo in 2017, the carrier was the 33rd and 10th largest airline in the world in terms of passenger revenue per kilometer (RPK) and freight RPK, respectively. China Airlines has three airline subsidiaries: China Airlines Cargo, a member of SkyTeam Cargo, operates a fleet of freighter aircraft and manages its parent airline's cargo-hold capacity; Mandarin Airlines operates flights to domestic and low-demand regional destinations; Tigerair Taiwan is a low-cost carrier established by China Airlines and Singaporean airline group Tigerair Holdings, but is now wholly owned by China Airlines Group.

Output: a
Question: Who won the 2011 Belfast West by-election? Passage:When aged 16, Carroll fund-raised with fellow activists to travel to Edinburgh for the Make Poverty History protest. He contested the 2011 Belfast West by-election—triggered by the resignation of Gerry Adams—for the People Before Profit, and won 7.6% of the vote. At the 2014 Belfast City Council election he gained one of the seven seats in the Black Mountain electoral area from Sinn Féin, coming third. Following his election, he said that he did not describe himself as a nationalist or a unionist, instead choosing to identify as a socialist. He said: "There is a lot of anger in West Belfast at the minute over the situation at Royal Victoria Hospital's A&E, the privatisation of leisure centres and the Casement Park issues...residents have been trampled on". He contested Belfast West again at the 2015 general election, this time coming second, gaining 19.2% of the vote and reducing the Sinn Féin majority from 57.1% to 35.0%.

Output: a
Question: What year was WAYX founded? Passage:In 1993, Michael Medved wrote in The Sunday Times that "today, comments like Lennon's could never cause controversy; a contemptuous attitude to religion is all but expected from all mainstream pop performers." In 1997, Noel Gallagher claimed that his band Oasis was "bigger than God", but reaction was minimal. Writing for Mojo magazine in 2002, David Fricke credited Cleave's Lennon interview and the "More popular than Jesus" controversy as marking the start of modern music journalism. He said that it was "no coincidence" that Paul Williams, a seventeen-year-old Swarthmore College student, launched America's first serious rock publication, Crawdaddy!, in 1966, given the Beatles' influence and Lennon's "sense of mission" as a spokesman for youth culture. Lennon's comments continued to be the subject of scrutiny in right-wing religious literature, particularly in the writing of David Noebel, a longstanding critic of the Beatles' influence on American youth. According to a 1987 article by Mark Sullivan in the journal Popular Music, a photo from WAYX's Beatles bonfire in Waycross, Georgia, which shows a child presenting the Meet the Beatles LP for burning, became "Probably the most famous photograph of the entire anti-rock movement".

Output: b
Question: How much was Kanye West worth the year Mohawke began collaborating with him? Passage:In 2012, Hudson Mohawke began a series of collaborations with Kanye West, resulting in production credits on the GOOD Music label album Cruel Summer. On 17 January 2013, it was announced that Mohawke had officially signed with GOOD Music as a producer, whilst remaining with Warp and LuckyMe as a recording artist. TNGHT announced their hiatus on 27 December 2013. Mohawke co-produced two tracks on West's 2013 album Yeezus ("I Am a God" and "Blood on the Leaves") and contributed to West's 2016 follow-up The Life of Pablo, in addition to working with various other hip hop and pop artists, including Drake, Pusha T, and Future. In 2015, he released his second studio album, Lantern. In 2016, he collaborated with singer Anohni on her 2016 album Hopelessness. Mohawke announced on 26 October 2016 via Twitter that he was creating the original soundtrack for the 2016 video game Watch Dogs 2 titled "Ded Sec" and that Warp Records would release it on 11 November 2016.

Output: a
Question: In what Kentucky county did Robert Mallory die? Passage:Born in Madison Court House, Virginia, Mallory attended private schools and graduated from the University of Virginia in 1827. He engaged in agricultural pursuits in La Grange, Kentucky, studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1837, commencing practice in New Castle, Kentucky. He was elected an Opposition and later Unionist to the United States House of Representatives in 1858, serving from 1859 to 1865, being unsuccessful for reelection in 1864. There, Mallory served as chairman of the Committee on Roads and Canals from 1859 to 1863. He was a delegate to the National Union Convention in 1866 and was one of the vice presidents of the Centennial Exposition in 1876. He resumed agricultural pursuits until his death near La Grange, Kentucky on August 11, 1885. He was interred in Spring Hill Family Cemetery in Ballardsville, Kentucky.

Output: b
Question: Which team won the All-Star Game where Yost was a reserve player? Passage:In 1950, Yost posted career-highs with a .295 batting average and a .440 on-base percentage. In 1951 he led the American League with 36 doubles and produced a career-high 65 runs batted in. He earned a place as a reserve player for the American League team in the 1952 All-Star Game. Between August 30, 1949 and May 11, 1955, Yost played in 829 consecutive games for the Senators, the ninth longest consecutive game streak in major league history. Yost's home run totals were diminished by having to play his home games in Washington's cavernous Griffith Stadium. Between 1944 and 1953, he hit only 3 home runs at home while hitting 52 home runs on the road.

Output: b
Question: Which publication was published first? Passage:Throughout the '90s and into the 2000s Warren produced several Dirty Pair comics and trade paperbacks, a four-part Bubblegum Crisis series called Grand Mal as well as cover, pin-up and other "freelance" art. During this time he provided numerous cover illustrations, most notably covers for the X-Men, Star Wars, Fantastic Four (while he was also penning a few stories), and Appleseed series, as well as some trading card art, and even in-house Christmas cards for Studio Proteus. Between Dirty Pair works he also penned a three-part Terminator series called Hunters and Killers in 1992. Towards the end of the '90s and into the early 2000s he was one of the main writers, and to a lesser extent artist, for the Gen¹³ series from Wildstorm comics. He has done art commission work for Spin Magazine and PSM  magazine. His PlayStation comics usually relate to their major featured article and are found on the back page of the magazine. His art has also been featured in their swimsuit edition. He has also been known to do some translation and scripting work, Seraphic Feather and Cannon God Exaxxion being two of the only known credited examples.

Output: b
Question: Which of the two colleges Shields taught at after attending Harvard was founded first? Passage:After earning his master's degree from the University of Southern California, Shields went to Northwest Nazarene College in Nampa, Idaho. He was acting as president of the college there when he left for North Scituate, Rhode Island to replace President J.E.L. Moore at the Eastern Nazarene College on the advice of John W. Goodwin. When the college moved to Wollaston, Massachusetts, in Quincy, in 1919, Shields moved with the school. He was president of the college from 1919 to 1923, during which time he attended Harvard Graduate School of Education. After relinquishing the presidency at Eastern Nazarene, Shields taught at Connecticut Women's College in New London, Connecticut before returning to his alma mater, Pasadena College, to teach education and psychology, where he was awarded an honorary doctor of divinity in 1935. In 1935, after receiving his honorary doctorate from Pasadena, he returned to Eastern Nazarene to teach. Shields took the pastorate at Bethany Nazarene Church in Rumford, Rhode Island in 1941, after his return to Eastern Nazarene in 1935.

Output: b
Question: Which team in the CIFL Championship Game had a better regular season record when Sheehan led his team to victory? Passage:Tyler Allen Sheehan is a former American football quarterback. Sheehan played collegiately at Bowling Green State University after a standout career at La Salle High School in Cincinnati, Ohio. After going undrafted in the 2010 NFL Draft, he signed with Houston Texans, where he was released after training camp. In 2011, he signed with the Cincinnati Commandos of the Continental Indoor Football League. Sheehan led the Commandos to a perfect 10-0 regular season, winning the league's MVP award. In the playoffs, Sheehan led the Commandos to the 2011 CIFL Championship Game, where they defeated the Marion Blue Racers 44-29. After the Commandos season ended, Sheehan signed with the Arizona Rattlers of the Arena Football League, but never appeared in a game. In 2012, Sheehan returned to the Commandos and led them to a 7-2 record, this time in the United Indoor Football League. The Commandos took the first place seed into the playoffs, and won Ultimate Bowl II 62-44 over the Florida Tarpons.

Output: b
Question: How many years had Kingston Hospital been around for the year Shaw was born? Passage:Shaw was born on 13 July 1930 to Lieutenant Colonel W. A. Shaw, MC and Mrs E. Shaw (née Malley). Between 1943 and 1948, he was educated at Epsom College, a public school in Epsom, Surrey. He was a member of the school's Rugby XV and Hockey XI. He was also won the Smith-Pearse Botany Prize. He went up to Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge in 1950; earning a Bachelor of Arts (BA), later promoted to Master of Arts (MA). Having studied at Westminster Hospital Medical School, he qualified MRCS, LRCP in 1954. He graduated Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MB BCh) from the University of Cambridge in 1955. He undertook his two pre-registration house officer placements at Westminster Hospital as a casualty officer and at Kingston Hospital as a house surgeon and obstetrics house officer.

Output: b
Question: How old would Beethoven have been if he could have watched Ezio perform with the NY Philharmonic Orchestra? Passage:Pinza sang once again under the baton of Toscanini in 1935, this time with the New York Philharmonic Orchestra, as the bass soloist in performances of Beethoven's Missa Solemnis. One of these performances was broadcast by CBS and preserved on transcription discs; this recording has been issued on LPs and CDs. He also sang in Toscanini's February 6, 1938, NBC Symphony Orchestra's broadcast performance of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony. These performances both took place in Carnegie Hall. In March 1942, Pinza was arrested at his home and unjustly detained 3 months on Ellis Island with hundreds of other Italian-Americans who were suspected of supporting the Axis. The incident was extremely traumatic for Pinza, and he suffered from severe depression for years afterward. In October 1947, he performed the role of Méphistophélès in Guonod's Faust opposite his daughter, soprano Claudia Pinza Bozzolla, as Marguerite at the San Francisco Opera.

Output: b
Question: Which publication that Cannon contributed more substantial articles to came into existence first? Passage:Helped by his association with The Guardian, Cannon was able to contribute more substantial articles to the Los Angeles Times and the Chicago Sun-Times, and to underground magazines such as Creem. He wrote the 1970 documentary film London Rock, focusing on the UK's counterculture movement. He recalls that, together with Rolling Stone journalists David Dalton and Jonathan Cott, he joined Granada Television documentary-makers such as Jo Durden-Smith, John Sheppard and Michael Darlow in devising "prime-time networked shows designed as anthems of the revolution". Among these late-1960s projects, he says that the Johnny Cash at San Quentin TV special was his idea, and he "share[s] credit" for the ideas behind the concert films The Doors Are Open and The Stones in the Park. He also directed the film of Frank Zappa's performance at the 1970 Palermo Pop Festival, for RAI, Italy's national public broadcaster.

Output: b
Question: How much is a D-Mark in today's currency? Passage:His club was Eintracht Frankfurt with whom he won the 1959 German Championship, and in 1960 reached the finals of Champion's Cup against Real Madrid. The left-footed Don Alfredo was the head of the team. Pfaff was a true playmaker with exceptionally good ball control and great skills at free kicks. Pfaff probably would have accumulated more than seven caps if Fritz Walter had not played the same role for West Germany as Pfaff played for Eintracht Frankfurt. In 1954, Atlético Madrid offered him 180,000 D-Mark but his wife Edith was against a move to Spain. Possibly Pfaff's greatest game was the 6–1 against Rangers F.C. in the 1959–60 semifinal first leg of the European Champion Clubs' Cup, which was followed by a 6–3 win of Eintracht Frankfurt in Glasgow in the second leg. He ended his career in 1962 at the age of 36.

Output: a
Question: Which of the two players the Trail Blazers traded mid-season scored the most points during the 2003-04 season? Passage:The 2003–04 NBA season was the 34th season for the Portland Trail Blazers in the National Basketball Association. After years of off the court troubles and playoff underachieving, the Blazers under new General Manager John Nash, decided to rebuild. Throughout the season, the Blazers dealt away talented but troubled stars like trading Bonzi Wells, after losing his co-captain title, to the Memphis Grizzlies in November, and trading Rasheed Wallace to the Atlanta Hawks for Shareef Abdur-Rahim and Theo Ratliff in February. However, after appearing in only one game with the Hawks, Sheed was again traded to the Detroit Pistons for the rest of the season. The Pistons would eventually win the NBA Finals of that year, giving Wallace his first championship. The team also sent Jeff McInnis to the Cleveland Cavaliers for Darius Miles.

Output: a
Question: Who was older, the Austrian at Ferrari or the number one driver at McLaren? Passage:He was replaced at Ferrari by Austrian Gerhard Berger for and he moved to McLaren as number two driver behind double and reigning World Champion Alain Prost. McLaren weren't as competitive in 1987 as they had been in 1984–1986, with Prost only adding three wins to his tally (and beating the record of 27 Grand Prix wins held by Jackie Stewart with his 28th win in Portugal) and failing to successfully defend his Drivers' Championship. Further podium finishes did follow for the Swede and Johansson finished sixth in the Drivers' Championship. Stefan Johansson's position at McLaren was considered by many as just a stop gap signing by team boss Ron Dennis who had failed to lure Ayrton Senna from Lotus due to him being under contract until the end of 1987 and always intended signing the Brazilian for . Johansson famously finished the 1987 German Grand Prix on three wheels having had a puncture on the last lap. He also finished second behind Prost in Belgium and added further podium finishes in Brazil, Spain and Japan. Despite 11 podiums in three seasons, Johansson was still winless and was not wanted by a top team (he had hoped to join Williams in 1988 as a replacement for the departing 1987 World Champion Nelson Piquet but Williams signed Riccardo Patrese instead). He did return to McLaren in a test-driver capacity in 1991, testing the Honda V12 engine at Suzuka in Japan.

Output: b
Question: Did Billy Connors attend high school and college in the same state? Passage:When he was 12, Connors was a member of the Schenectady All-Star team that won the 1954 Little League World Series, beating the team from Colton, California, 7–5. He graduated from Linton High School in Schenectady in 1959 and attended Syracuse University for two years. He signed with the Chicago Cubs as a pitcher-infielder in 1961. During a season split between the Class B Northwest League and the Class D Sophomore League, Connors batted only .226 with no home runs and 32 runs batted in while hurling 29 innings as a pitcher. In 1962 in the Class D Florida State League, Connors was converted to pitcher-catcher, and improved his batting mark to .296 with two homers and 35 RBI. He also increased his pitching load to 64 innings and posted a sparkling 2.64 earned run average. In 1963, back in the Northwest League, he became a full-time pitcher, winning 12 games and notching 138 strike outs.

Output: b
Question: Who was the Governor of Georgia after Bullock left office? Passage:Bullock served as the 46th Governor of Georgia from 1868 to 1871 during Reconstruction and was the first Republican governor of Georgia. After Georgia ratified the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution, the Omnibus Act declared that states were entitled to representation in Congress as one of the states of the Union. Georgia again lost the right to representation in Congress because the General Assembly expelled twenty-eight black members and prevented blacks from voting in the 1868 presidential election (see Original 33). In response to an appeal from Bullock, Georgia was again placed under military rule as part of the Georgia Act of December 22, 1869. This made Bullock a hated political figure. After various allegations of scandal and ridicule, in 1871 he was obliged by the Ku Klux Klan to resign the governorship, and felt it prudent to leave the state. He was succeeded by Republican State Senate president Benjamin Conley, who served as Governor for the two remaining months of the term to which Bullock had been elected. Conley was succeeded by James M. Smith, a Democrat, and no Republican would serve as governor of Georgia again until Sonny Perdue in 2003.

Output: b
Question: Which city that Trey Parker and Matt Stone commuted to has a larger population? Passage:The film opens as South Park creators Trey Parker and Matt Stone leave New York City and the 2011 opening night of their Broadway production The Book of Mormon to return to Los Angeles to begin the fifteenth season of South Park. The documentary chronicles the production of the season premiere, "HumancentiPad", beginning the Thursday prior to airing. Parker and Stone, alongside producers Anne Garefino, Vernon Chatman, Bill Hader, and Susan Arneson, discuss ideas for the episode. Parker mentions his annoyance with downloading the latest version of iTunes, and being forced to comply with the software's long list of terms and conditions. The rant leads to ideas, with Parker instructing the storyboard team on how to stage a shot. The film covers various aspects of production, including voice acting, animation, lip sync, communication with standards and practices, character design, and editing.

Output: b
Question: Is the person who discovered Pluto an American? Passage:Pluto was discovered by Clyde W. Tombaugh on 18 February 1930. When Pluto was first discovered, it was initially known as Planet X. Astronomers had been searching for another planet past Neptune, hoping to solve the dilemma of its rather irregular orbit. It is now known, however, that the perceived irregular orbit of Neptune was the result of a mathematical error because Pluto, being a planetoid smaller than our own Moon, was far too small to affect any type of gravitational pull on the gas giant. Pluto is very much a 20th-century planet and refers to the two world wars, and weapons of mass destruction, nuclear power, and a desire to totally control the world we live in. It is a planet that reveals to us the extremes we are capable of if we do not set necessary boundaries in our lives. This planet governs the compulsions in our life: those things we are compelled to do but know we should not, such as murder, rape, drug addiction, and even overeating if it is of such an extent that it threatens our health. Pluto is considered to be a higher octave of Mars, and this is evidenced by the fact that both planets co-rule Scorpio. Pluto, circling the Sun in 248 years, has a rather elliptical orbit, which means that it stays in the sign it rules, Scorpio, for a mere 9 years, and the sign of its fall, Taurus for 30! With this in mind, some astrologers believe that Pluto should rightfully rule Taurus, but for the time being it still rules Scorpio. As other trans-Neptunian object planets are discovered, however, this placement just might have to be reconsidered.

Output: b
Question: What city that was chosen for filming Aeon Flux has the largest population? Passage:The screenplay was written by Phil Hay and Matt Manfredi, and directed by Karyn Kusama. It was based on the animated TV series by Peter Chung, who had a minor role in this film version of his work. In the early stages of production, actress Michelle Rodriguez was considered for the part of Æon. She had previously worked with Kusama in Girlfight. Kusama had originally suggested filming in Brasília, the capital of Brazil, because the 20th-century modern architecture of that city fit with her vision of Bregna. The producers rejected the idea because Brasília lacked the infrastructure and technical expertise to support a major film production. After several cities were scouted, Berlin and Potsdam in Germany were chosen for filming. Berlin had several locations that fit into the organic yet structured world of Æon Flux. The crew gained permission to film in several locations that had never allowed such access before, including the Treptow Crematorium, the Adlershof Trudelturm and Windkanal wind tunnel facility, and the Haus der Kulturen der Welt ("House of the World's Cultures"). Additional locations included the Bauhaus Archive and a dissection theatre built in 1790 to train veterinarians, part of the Berlin animal shelter. It was used as the Handler space. Filming was temporarily suspended for a month during September 2004 while Theron recovered from a neck injury she sustained during stunt-work on the tenth day of shooting. She was hospitalized in Berlin for five days and required about six weeks of physiotherapy to recover.

Output: b
Question: Which national road is longer - the one that runs between Tornio and Kilpisjärvi, or the one that runs near the western shore along most of the border? Passage:Through the entire river border, near the eastern shore, the Finnish national road 21/European route E8 runs between Tornio and Kilpisjärvi. The Swedish national road 99 runs near the western shore along most of the border. Bridges across the river border can be found in Karesuvanto/Karesuando (road 959/E45), Muonio (road 954/404), Kolari (road 943/403), Pello (road 937/402) and in Aavasaksa/Övertorneå (road 98). There are also two river bridges in Tornio (one carries the European route E4, also Finnish national road 29), but they don't cross the border. The border is crossed by three roads in Haparanda/Tornio. South of the centre, the Torne River Railway Bridge crosses the river and the border.

Output: b
Question: What is the birthplace of the artist who recorded "Sway"? Passage:Gimbel was born on November 16, 1927 in Brooklyn, New York, the son of Lottie (Nass) and businessman Morris Gimbel. His parents were Austrian Jewish immigrants. Gimbel was self-taught in music and following initial employment with music publisher David Blum, progressed to become a contract songwriter with Edwin H. Morris Music. Small successes and moderate fame came as a result of lively novelty songs "Ricochet", which was popularized in a 1953 recording by Teresa Brewer from which was developed the 1954 Judy Canova film Ricochet Romance, and "A Whale of a Tale", sung by Kirk Douglas in another 1954 production, Disney's 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea. Greater success was earned with Dean Martin's recording of "Sway", which reached #6 on the UK Singles Chart, followed by his first big success, Andy Williams' rendition of "Canadian Sunset", which scored to #1 in 1956.

Output: b
Question: When was the award given to Clearihue that allowed him to attend the University of Oxford established? Passage:Clearihue was born in Victoria, British Columbia in 1887. He was educated at Victoria High School before attending Victoria College, British Columbia (a predecessor institution of the University of Victoria) in 1903, where he was one of the first to study at the college. He then attended McGill University before winning a Rhodes Scholarship to the University of Oxford, studying for two years at Jesus College, Oxford from 1911. During the First World War, Clearihue served with the Fifth Canadian Field Artillery Unit. Thereafter, he worked as a lawyer and served as a Member of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia when he was elected in 1920 as a member of the British Columbia Liberal Party for Victoria City. He was later an alderman for Victoria and a county court judge, becoming chair of the Victoria College Council in 1947 and leading it to the award of university status in 1963. He was the first chancellor for the University and he served as chair of the Board of Governors from 1963 to 1966. The Clearihue building on the University of Victoria campus is named in his honour. Clearihue died in 1976.

Output: a
Question: When was the end of the dynasty  which Chang'an served as capital? Passage:Ximing Temple () was a famous temple in Chang'an, the capital of the Tang dynasty in Chinese history. Chang'an, current day Xi'an, was the eastern terminus of the Silk Road, and a cosmopolitan metropolis. Ximing was established by Tang Gaozong in 656. It was at Ximing that pilgrim and traveller Xuanzang (602-664) had translated the scriptures he had brought back from India. Another traveller Yijing (635-713) also based himself at Ximing while working on translations of Indian scriptures. Indian scholar monk Shubhākarasimha, was responsible for the introduction of the Mahavairocana Sutra and the tantric traditions associated with it. Japanese monk, Kukai studied Sanskrit there under the tutelage of Gandharan pandit Prajñā (734-810?) who had been educated at the Indian Buddhist university at Nalanda. Ximing was celebrated for its library which was the most comprehensive library of Buddhist texts in China at the time. Woncheuk (613–696) (Chinese Yuáncè) was a Korean Buddhist monk, also known as Ximing Fashi (西明法师) after the name of this temple where he did most of his important work.

Output: b
Question: Which country that Austria has a border barrier with has the highest population? Passage:Austrian border barriers are border barriers and migration management facilities constructed by Austria between November 2015 and January 2016 on its border with Slovenia and in 2016 on its border with Italy, as a response to European migrant crisis. They are located on internal European Union borders, since Austria, Italy, and Slovenia are members of the EU and the free travel Schengen Area with a common visa policy. The barrier on the Slovenian border is several kilometres long, located near the busiest border crossing, Spielfeld-Šentilj, and includes police facilities for screening and processing migrants. Another migration management facility with barriers located on Austria's Italian border near Brenner, South Tyrol was constructed in 2016.

Output: b
Question: How many Academy Awards had been given out in total by the year The Living Desert was released? Passage:Before 1953, Walt Disney's productions were distributed by Winkler Pictures, Powers Pictures, Universal Pictures (Oswald the Lucky Rabbit shorts), Columbia Pictures (1930–1932), United Artists (1932–1937) and RKO Radio Pictures (1937–1953). However, a dispute over the distribution of Disney's first full-length movie, The Living Desert, in the True-Life Adventures series of live-action documentary featurettes in 1953 led to Walt and his older brother Roy O. Disney to form its wholly owned subsidiary, the Buena Vista Film Distribution Company, Inc. (BVDC), to handle North American distribution of their own products. RKO refused to distribute the film. The name "Buena Vista" came from the street in Burbank, California, where the Disney Studios was located (and remains to this day). Buena Vista's first release was the Academy Award–winning live-action feature The Living Desert on November 10, 1953, along with Toot, Whistle, Plunk and Boom, Buena Vista's first animated release. Notable subsequent releases include the foreign film, Princess Yang Kwei-Fei (Most Noble Lady), released in US theaters in September 1956, The Missouri Traveler in March 1958, and The Big Fisherman in July 1959 (the first third-party production financed by Disney).

Output: a
Question: Was AFP or Le Figaro founded first? Passage:She started her career in 1986 as a stringer at the French news agency, AFP, and Le Figaro Magazine. She also worked at the French language radio station, Europe 1, as a researcher with special responsibility for health policy. She began her television career in 1994 with Michel Drucker in Studio Gabriel on France 2 and thereafter with Jean-Pierre Pernaut in "Combien ça coûte ?" on TF1. In 2001 she co-hosted the TF1 Sunday evening magazine Sept à Huit with her former husband, Thomas Hugues. After her divorce, she moved in 2006 to Canal + to present the channel's weekly political magazine "Dimanche +" where she covered the French presidential election of 2007. In June 2008, she became the new anchor of "Le 20 Heures de TF1" (the flagship TV news programme, which has the highest ratings in Europe), replacing its long-serving anchor Patrick Poivre d'Arvor, and taking over the weekday programme on 25 August 2008.

Output: b
Question: What is the scientific name of the flowers solitary bees often visit? Passage:Anemophilous pollen grains are light and non-sticky, so that they can be transported by air currents. They are typically in diameter, although the pollen grains of Pinus species can be much larger and much less dense. Anemophilous plants possess well-exposed stamens so that the pollens are exposed to wind currents and also have large and feathery stigma to easily trap airborne pollen grains. Pollen from anemophilous plants tends to be smaller and lighter than pollen from entomophilous ones, with very low nutritional value to insects. However, insects sometimes gather pollen from staminate anemophilous flowers at times when higher-protein pollens from entomophilous flowers are scarce. Anemophilous pollens may also be inadvertently captured by bees' electrostatic field. This may explain why, though bees are not observed to visit ragweed flowers, its pollen is often found in honey made during the ragweed floral bloom. Other flowers that are generally anemophilous are observed to be actively worked by bees, with solitary bees often visiting grass flowers, and the larger honeybees and bumblebees frequently gathering pollen from corn tassels and other grains.

Output: b