niryuu/sni-each-converted huggingface dataset:
Question: Who were the members of the band that  recorded  "Bend Me, Shape Me" after they had reached the top ten with "Time Won't Let Me" in 1966? Passage:The group was formed in Cicero, Illinois, United States, as Gary & The Knight Lites. The founding members included Gary Loizzo (vocals and guitar), Charles Colbert, Jr. (bass guitar and vocals), Al Ciner (guitar and vocals), and Jim Michalak (drums). Early releases included- "I'm Glad She's Mine," "I Don't Need Your Help," "Will You Go Steady," "Take Me Back," among others. The group's greatest success as "The American Breed" was the single, "Bend Me, Shape Me", which reached number five on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart in 1968. The song, written by Scott English and Larry Weiss, had previously been recorded by an all-female band known as the Shape and had been a hit on the UK Singles Chart for the British group Amen Corner. It had also been recorded by The Outsiders after they had reached the top ten with "Time Won't Let Me" in 1966. Contributing to the success of the American Breed's version of "Bend Me, Shape Me" was the excellent arrangement of the song by the band's record producer, Bill Traut, who added horns among other changes. The group also appeared on the 16 December 1967 episode of the television show American Bandstand, along with Pink Floyd.

Output: b
Question: Which of the featured stops Grouplove made throughout their sold-out headline tour has the highest average attendance? Passage:The band released its debut album, Never Trust a Happy Song, on September 13, 2011 through Canvasback/Atlantic Records. They released 4 singles from the album – Colours (which was featured on FIFA 12, albeit as the Captain Cuts remix), "Tongue Tied" (which went on to score the band a no. 1 on the US Alternative Chart and featured in several commercials (including one for Apple, and one for Coca-Cola) and an episode of Fox's Glee) Lovely Cup and Itchin On A Photograph. In support of their debut album, the band went on a headlining North American Fall tour and also performed with Two Door Cinema Club as their main support. In December, the band performed at KROQ Almost Acoustic Christmas, which takes place at the Gibson Amphitheatre, in Universal City. On January 3, 2012 the band kicked off their sold-out headline tour in Australia at the Factory Theatre in Sydney and continued their tour in Europe in February. The band began their US Spring 2012 tour on March 6 in Burlington, VT in support of Young The Giant. Throughout the sold-out headline tour the band had featured stops at Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival, Sasquatch! Music Festival, and Bonnaroo Music and Arts Festival.

Output: a
Question: How old was Teymur Bayramalibeyov when his daughter was accepted into her first boarding school? Passage:Maryam Bayramalibeyova was the daughter of Azerbaijani historian and journalist Teymur Bayramalibeyov and his wife Shirin (née Talyshinskaya), a Russian-educated Talysh-Azerbaijani who translated a number works by classical Russian writers into Azeri and was famous for promoting Western culture in Lankaran and the neighbouring regions. In 1906 Maryam Bayramalibeyova was accepted to the Empress Alexandra Russian Muslim Boarding School for Girls in Baku and 7 years later, to Saint Nina's Secondary Boarding School. In 1917, she graduated from Saint Nina's with honours and was admitted to study medicine at Moscow State University. However, after the October Revolution, being a daughter of an upper-middle class literatus Bayramalibeyova considered her life to be in danger and returned to Lankaran (eventually she did manage to get a post-secondary education receiving an Honours B.A. in law from Baku State University later in 1931). In her native city in 1917, she established the first all-girls secular school (named Uns) in the entire uyezd (administrative unit in Czarist Russia) with the help of Teymur Bayramalibeyov, and became its first principal. The Bayramalibeyovs visited many families in Lankaran encouraging them to send their daughters to Uns. The courses were taught in the Russian language. In order to promote the arts, Maryam Bayramalibeyova organized drama, choir, and musical clubs in the school, which apparently was a success as two of her students later became prominent Azerbaijani actresses and one became a renowned mugham singer. In 1919, Bayramalibeyova founded the Lankaran Women's Charity Association.

Output: b
Question: Who was the father of the goddess the celebration is believed to have been in honor of? Passage:The Panathenaea (, "all-Athenian festival") was the most important festival for Athens and one of the grandest in the entire ancient Greek world. Except for slaves, all inhabitants of the polis could take part in the festival. This holiday of great antiquity is believed to have been the observance of Athena's birthday and honoured the goddess as the city's patron divinity, Athena Polias ('Athena of the city'). A procession assembled before dawn at the Dipylon gate in the northern sector of the city. The procession, led by the Kanephoros, made its way to the Areopagus and in front of the Temple of Athena Nike next to the Propylaea. Only Athenian citizens were allowed to pass through the Propylaea and enter the Acropolis. The procession passed the Parthenon and stopped at the great altar of Athena in front of the Erechtheum. Every four years a newly woven peplos was dedicated to Athena.

Output: b
Question: What Texas county was Irving Loeb Goldberg born in? Passage:Born in Port Arthur, Texas, Goldberg received a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Texas at Austin in 1926 and a Bachelor of Laws from Harvard Law School in 1929. He was in private practice in Beamont, Texas in 1929, in Houston, Texas in 1930, and in Taylor, Texas in 1931. He was an in-house counsel at The Murray Company in Dallas, Texas from 1932 to 1934, returning to private practice in Dallas from 1934 to 1942. He was a United States Naval Reserve Lieutenant during World War II from 1942 to 1946. He was thereafter again in private practice in Dallas until 1966, becoming lead name partner at Goldberg, Fonville, Gump & Strauss (now Akin Gump Strauss Hauer & Feld).

Output: b
Question: What is the birthplace of the person who sang "Loyalty"? Passage:American rapper Tyga has released seven studio albums, three compilation albums, nineteen mixtapes, seventy-four singles (including thirty-four as a featured artist) and forty-six music videos. In 2008, Tyga released his first studio album, No Introduction, on the record label Decaydance Records. The album featured the single "Coconut Juice", which features singer Travie McCoy; the song peaked at number 94 on the US Billboard Hot 100, becoming Tyga's first song to appear on the chart. In 2010, Tyga and American singer Chris Brown released the collaborative mixtape Fan of a Fan, which included the single "Deuces": the song peaked at number 14 on the Billboard Hot 100 and became Tyga's first song to chart on the US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart, peaking at number one. Tyga also appeared on the song "Loyalty", a single by fellow rapper Birdman, and collaborated with rapper Lil Wayne on the non-album single "I'm on It", both of which failed to chart on the Billboard Hot 100.

Output: b
Question: When was the team that drafted Sinopoli in 2011 established? Passage:Sinopoli was drafted 29th overall in the fourth round of the 2011 CFL Draft by the Calgary Stampeders. He was later signed to a contract with the Stampeders on May 20, 2011. He dressed in all 18 regular season games for the 2011 season as the third-string quarterback as well as dressing in the West Semi-Final. Sinopoli served as the team's holder for placekicks in all of their games as well. Prior to the start of the 2012 regular season, Sinopoli was released by the Stampeders. Following an injury to Calgary's starting quarterback Drew Tate, Sinopoli was re-signed by the Stampeders on July 9, 2012. Thereafter, Sinopoli dressed for ten games as the third-string quarterback before Tate went back on the active roster. Following another injury to Tate, Sinopoli dressed in the West Final and 100th Grey Cup. Due to the entrenched quarterbacks on the depth chart, Sinopoli was moved to wide receiver for the 2013 CFL season, with his first career reception coming against the Montreal Alouettes. Sinopoli recorded his first CFL touchdown on a 26-yard run in a 10–7 victory over the Hamilton Tiger-Cats on July 18, 2014. He finished the 2013 season with 34 receptions and 417 receiving yards in 14 regular season games played. In 2014, he recorded his first receiving touchdown in a game against the Toronto Argonauts on September 13, 2014. He broke his collarbone while catching a touchdown pass on October 17, 2014 and sat out the rest of the season. While he didn't play in the game, Sinopoli earned his first Grey Cup championship following the Stampeders' victory in the 102nd Grey Cup game.

Output: b
Question: How many NBA championships have been won by the team that acquired Lou Williams on June 28, 2017? Passage:On June 28, 2017, the Los Angeles Clippers acquired Williams, Patrick Beverley, Sam Dekker, Montrezl Harrell, Darrun Hilliard, DeAndre Liggins, Kyle Wiltjer, and a 2018 first-round pick from the Houston Rockets in exchange for Chris Paul. On November 27, 2017, Williams scored a season-high 42 points in a 120–115 win over the Los Angeles Lakers. On December 9, 2017, he hit a go-ahead pull-up 3-pointer with 1.2 seconds remaining, lifting the Clippers to a 113–112 victory over the Washington Wizards. He finished with 35 points to lead a dominant bench effort for the Clippers. On December 31, 2017, he scored 40 points off the bench in a 106–98 win over the Charlotte Hornets. Williams was subsequently named Western Conference Player of the Week for games played Monday, December 25 through Sunday, December 31. On January 10, 2018, he scored 27 of his career-high 50 points in the third quarter of the Clippers' 125–106 win over the Golden State Warriors. He shot 16 for 27 with a career-best eight 3-pointers and made all 10 of his free throws. It was the highest scoring effort by any Clipper in a single game since Charles Smith tied a franchise record with 52 points in December 1990. Williams was subsequently named Western Conference Player of the Week for games played Monday, January 8 through Sunday, January 14. On January 20, 2018, he recorded 31 points, a franchise-record 10 steals, and seven assists in a 125–113 loss to the Utah Jazz. He became the first player in league history to reach 30 points, 10 steals, and seven assists in a game since steals became a recorded stat. On January 26, 2018, he had 40 points and matched his season high with 10 assists in the Clippers' 109–100 victory over the Memphis Grizzlies. On February 7, 2018, he signed a multi-year contract extension with the Clippers. On February 23, 2018, he had 35 points in 33 minutes, including a 23-point second quarter, in a 128–117 win over the Phoenix Suns. Williams averaged career highs in points (22.6), assists (5.3), and minutes (32.8) during the 2017–18 season. His bench scoring led the NBA in his 13th season. He was subsequently named NBA Sixth Man of the Year for the second time in his career.

Output: b
Question: Do the Montreal Victorias still play hockey? Passage:Roche was born in Prescott, Ontario, but moved to Montreal where he played junior hockey for the Montreal Victorias and other teams. He moved up to senior hockey for the Montreal Hockey Club and played for their Allan Cup-winning squad of 1930. He signed with the Maroons of the NHL, playing for the Maroons and the Windsor Bulldogs until 1933. He was released by the Maroons and signed with the Bruins in January 1933 only to be traded to the Senators one month later. In his one full season with the Senators in 1933–34 he showed a scoring touch, scoring 13 goals and 16 assists in 45 games. The next season, the Senators relocated to St. Louis to become the Eagles. Roche was traded twice in 1934–35; from St. Louis to Buffalo, then to the Red Wings. That marked his last season in the NHL, as he subsequently played for various minor-league pro teams until 1942.

Output: b
Question: On what date was the person who sent an emissary rather than attend the 1931 meeting with Luciano and three others in person born? Passage:In April 1931, Salvatore Maranzano, head of the Castellammarese clan in New York City, declared himself capo di tutti capo (boss of all bosses). Lucky Luciano, who opposed Maranzano's claim to control the Luciano crime family, decided to have Maranzano murdered. On April 21, 1931, he met in Cleveland with Frank Milano, Moe Dalitz, Meyer Lansky, Santo Trafficante Sr., and an emissary sent by Al Capone. The five agreed with Luciano's plan to kill Maranzano and establish a new federation of crime families to handle disputes. After the September 10, 1931, assassination of Maranzano, the title of capo di tutti capo was retired and "The Commission" established by the American Mafia. Milano was named a member of The Commission, alongside Joseph Bonanno, Al Capone, Tommy Gagliano, Lucky Luciano, Vincent Mangano, and Joe Profaci.

Output: b
Question: Did all the artists in the 1892 exhibition paint with the same materials? Passage:The Franco-German art dealer and publisher Siegfried Bing played a key role in publicizing the style. In 1891, he founded a magazine devoted to the art of Japan, which helped publicize Japonism in Europe. In 1892, he organized an exhibit of seven artists, among them Pierre Bonnard, Félix Vallotton, Édouard Vuillard, Toulouse-Lautrec and Eugène Grasset, which included both modern painting and decorative work. This exhibition was shown at the Société nationale des beaux-arts in 1895. In the same year, Bing opened a new gallery at 22 rue de Provence in Paris, the Maison de l'Art Nouveau, devoted to new works in both the fine and decorative arts. The interior and furniture of the gallery were designed by the Belgian architect Henry Van de Velde, one of the pioneers of Art Nouveau architecture. The Maison de l'Art Nouveau showed paintings by Georges Seurat, Paul Signac and Toulouse-Lautrec, glass from Louis Comfort Tiffany and Emile Gallé, jewellery by René Lalique, and posters by Aubrey Beardsley. The works shown there were not at all uniform in style. Bing wrote in 1902, "Art Nouveau, at the time of its creation, did not aspire in any way to have the honor of becoming a generic term. It was simply the name of a house opened as a rallying point for all the young and ardent artists impatient to show the modernity of their tendencies."

Output: a
Question: Who was the director of the film where Topol had his breakthrough film role? Passage:Topol began his acting career during his Israeli army service in the Nahal entertainment troupe, and later toured Israel with kibbutz theatre and satirical theatre companies. He was a co-founder of the Haifa Theatre. His breakthrough film role came in 1964 as the title character in Sallah Shabati, by Israeli writer Ephraim Kishon, for which he won a Golden Globe for Most Promising Newcomer—Male. Topol went on to appear in more than 30 films in Israel and the United States, including Galileo (1975), Flash Gordon (1980) and For Your Eyes Only (1981). He was described as Israel's only internationally recognized entertainer from the 1960s through 1980s. He won a Golden Globe for Best Actor and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actor for his 1971 film portrayal of Tevye, and was nominated for a Tony Award for Best Actor for a 1991 Broadway revival of Fiddler on the Roof.

Output: b
Question: What team did the player who Book shared the Football Writers' Association Footballer of the Year Award play for? Passage:In the 1967 close season, Book was named captain following the transfer of previous captain Johnny Crossan to Middlesbrough, and was henceforth nicknamed Skip by his teammates. His first season as captain was a very successful one, leading Manchester City to their second league championship and playing every game. An Achilles injury sidelined Book for the first four months of the 1968–69 season, but he returned to the team in time for the start of their FA Cup run. In the week preceding the cup final, Book was named the 1969 Football Writers' Association Footballer of the Year Award, sharing the accolade with Dave Mackay. The following Saturday Manchester City played Leicester in the FA Cup final. Manchester City won 1–0, and captain Book lifted the trophy. The following season City became the first English team to win a European and domestic trophy in the same season, the European Cup Winners' Cup and the League Cup. Book retired from playing in 1974, passing the captaincy to Colin Bell. He made 242 football league appearances for the club, and for many years was City's most successful captain in terms of trophies won.

Output: b
Question: Where was the person who led the Ottoman Bosnian leadership born? Passage:The Ottoman Bosnian leadership led by Husein Gradaščević were outraged when Sultan Mahmud II granted Serbia autonomy and subsequently six districts from the Bosnia Eyalet with the Treaty of Adrianople. Husein Gradaščević had already begun to support the cause of the fallen Janissary after the Auspicious Incident and would not allow Mahmud II to further disintegrate Bosnian society. Instead of negotiating with Husein Gradaščević, the Grand Vizier Reşid Mehmed Pasha (already engaged in an aggressive campaign against Albanian pashas and beys) mobilized his Ottoman army towards Travnik. Disappointed by Reşid Pasha's move, Gradaščević marched forward with an army of 52,000 into Priština, and later fought and defeated Reşid Pasha at Štimlje. A Bosnian delegation reached the Grand Vizier's camp in Skopje in November of that year. The Grand Vizier promised this delegation that he would insist to the Sultan that he accept the Bosniak demands. His true intentions, however, were manifested by early December when his cannons attacked Bosnian units stationed on the outskirts of Novi Pazar. Reşid Mehmed Pasha later began an aggressive campaign into Bosnia with the assistance of the renegade kapetan Ali-paša Rizvanbegović and defeated the entire army of Bosnia Eyalet led by Husein Gradaščević outside the town of Stup.

Output: b
Question: How many people live in the city that Hardy made his WWF debut in? Passage:Hardy cites Sting, The Ultimate Warrior, and Shawn Michaels as his childhood inspirations to wrestle. He started on World Wrestling Federation (WWF) television as a jobber—a wrestler who consistently loses to make his opponents look stronger. His first WWF match was against Razor Ramon on May 23, 1994 in Youngstown, Ohio, with Randy Savage mentioning on commentary, "Welcome to the big time". His ringname that night, Keith Davis, was the name of Razor's scheduled jobber, who backed out on short notice. Gary Sabaugh, who had brought Hardy in a group along with Davis, suggested him to agent Tony Garea, who agreed after Hardy claimed he was 18 (he was in fact, only 16). The next day, he wrestled under his real name against The 1–2–3 Kid, and the match aired on the June 25 episode of Superstars. He occasionally wrestled as a jobber as late as 1997 (including a match against Rob Van Dam during the ECW "invasion" storyline that had Hardy billed as being from Virginia instead of Cameron, North Carolina) before beginning his first major run in 1998.

Output: b
Question: How old was the governor when Rosas was overthrown? Passage:The central figure in the overthrow of Rosas, Entre Ríos Governor Justo José de Urquiza, was granted the power of a head of state by the Palermo Protocols of April 6, 1852. This provoked resistance in Buenos Aires, however, which then refused to ratify the San Nicolás Agreement of May 31. The prospect of having the Argentine Congress headquartered in Santa Fe proved especially objectionable, and Urquiza's June 12 appointment of former President Vicente López y Planes failed to turn public opinion in Buenos Aires. Colonel Bartolomé Mitre rallied the Assembly against the San Nicolás Accords. The most contentious issue remained the Buenos Aires Customs, which remained under the control of the city government and was the chief source of public revenue. Nations with which the Confederation maintained foreign relations, moreover, kept all embassies in Buenos Aires (rather than in the capital, Paraná).

Output: b
Question: How many albums were recorded by the host of the show Dougie Squires appeared on  Christmas Day 1969? Passage:In 1970, the troupe continued to appear on BBC2's Show Of The Week and other BBC series in which they appeared included Lulu at Berns Restaurant, A Royal Television Gala Performance, The British Screen Awards, The Rod McKuen Show and Fifty Years Of Music. On Christmas Day 1969, they appeared simultaneously on BBC1 and BBC2, starring in Christmas Night With The Stars, hosted by Val Doonican on BBC1 and in their own 'special' Jesus on BBC2. In January 1970, they were given their own self-titled BBC2 TV series, while concurrently running 'specials' on BBC1 included The Young Generation meet Lulu, The Young Generation meet Esther Ofarim and The Young Generation meet Shirley Bassey, Another regular series with Rolf Harris followed in 1970 and 1971 on BBC1 and on BBC2, they starred alongside Kenneth Williams in Meanwhile on BBC2. Later in 1971, they appeared with Vera Lynn in Show Of The Week and Don Lurio temporarily replaced Squires as the troupe's choreographer. Their next BBC series came in 1972 on BBC1 in Engelbert with The Young Generation starring Engelbert Humperdinck. In 1973, they starred alongside Vince Hill in BBC2's series They Sold A Million. The same year saw another series: The Young Generation Big Top, which featured Clodagh Rodgers, The Bachelors, Danny La Rue and Sandie Shaw. A second series of They Sold A Million aired in 1974, followed the same year by Ken Dodd's World Of Laughter on BBC1. Their last BBC series was The Musical Time Machine which aired on BBC2 in 1977. They continued to appear regularly with Vera Lynn on BBC shows, including A Jubilee Of Music in 1976.

Output: b
Question: Where was Sale's first husband born? Passage:On June 21, 2012, Simpson married Canadian figure skater Jamie Salé, whom he had "known for years from the Edmonton skating scene". They had been paired as partners in late 2009 for the first season of the CBC show Battle of the Blades, which they won. Simpson and Salé have one daughter, Samantha Rae Simpson, born on July 7, 2013. Through this marriage, Simpson is also a stepfather to Salé's son Jesse Pelletier (born September 30, 2007), from her first marriage to skating partner David Pelletier. He also has three children from a previous marriage, including son Dillon, who was drafted by the Edmonton Oilers in the 4th round of the 2011 NHL Entry Draft and is currently a defenseman for the Bakersfield Condors.

Output: b
Question: How many teams play in the conference that Kansas also plays in? Passage:The 2010–11 Kansas Jayhawks men's basketball team represented the University of Kansas in the 2010–11 NCAA Division I men's basketball season, which was the Jayhawks' 113th basketball season. The head coach was Bill Self, who was serving his 8th year. The team played its home games in Allen Fieldhouse in Lawrence, Kansas and are members of the Big 12 Conference. They finished the season 35–3, 14–2 in Big 12 play to claim the regular season conference title. They were also champions of the 2011 Big 12 Men's Basketball Tournament. They earned a #1 seed in the Southwest Region in the 2011 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament where they defeated Boston University in the second round and Illinois in the third round to advance to the Sweet Sixteen. They defeated Richmond to advance to the Elite Eight where they were upset by Virginia Commonwealth.

Output: b
Question: Has Trax FM ever been owned by BBC? Passage:Retford's officially designated BBC Local Radio station in terms of radio coverage is BBC Radio Sheffield. However, editorially, local news coverage is covered on BBC Radio Nottingham's radio and Internet outlets, despite Retford being outside the official coverage area of both BBC Radio Nottingham's FM and DAB signals. Trax FM also editorially covers the town of Retford, although its Ofcom designated FM coverage area only covers the Doncaster area, Worksop and rural areas west of Retford, Retford is covered on DAB via the Sheffield multiplex. Hallam FM's and Greatest Hits South Yorkshire's AM signals also cover the town of Retford. National analogue FM radio services from the BBC and Classic FM are broadcast from the Holme Moss transmitting station in West Yorkshire. Digital Radio services come primarily from the Clarborough transmitter outside of Retford for the Sheffield and Digital One multiplexes, Clifton transmitter near Doncaster for the BBC National DAB multiplex and the Belmont, High Hunsley (near Hull) and Tapton Hill (Sheffield), Waltham and Emley Moor transmitters for the Sound Digital multiplex.

Output: b
Question: How many people lived in Nice the year that the pope travelled to that city with Mignanelli? Passage:In 1533, he moved to Rome, becoming a consistorial advocate. He was married to Antonina Capodiferro, the sister of Cardinal Girolamo Recanati Capodiferro and had a son. After Antonia died, Mignanelli entered the church. In 1537, he was sent as ambassador to the Republic of Venice to encourage Venice to break its alliance with the Ottoman Empire and to go to war against the Ottomans. In October 1537, Pope Paul III sent him as ambassador to Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor to present him with the brief postponing the Council of Trent for a second time. In spring 1538, he traveled to Nice with the pope to negotiate the end of the Italian War of 1536–1538; shortly thereafter, they traveled to Geneva to meet the emperor. On September 3, 1538, he was appointed nuncio to Ferdinand, King of the Romans, holding this position until 1539. In 1540, he became an auditor of the Roman Rota. He was also a protonotary apostolic and the pope's domestic prelate.

Output: b
Question: How old is the team that Beccacece made his debut against? Passage:On 24 January, in his second league game since his debut for this competition at the bench (a 1–1 away draw with Deportes Antofagasta), Beccacece impressed following the team’s 8–1 home thrash over O'Higgins at the Estadio Nacional. After of that great victory nevertheless the team reaped three draws and one loss against Palestino (2–1). During February’s first days, the team was eliminated of the Copa Libertadores first stage by Uruguay’s River Plate F.C., which was his first failure and it meant being the target of criticism from the press and the team’s supporters. On 28 February, the 4–1 away victory over Cobresal would be a balm of the team’s moment. Following a 0–0 draw with Unión Española and two losses (3–1 with Universidad de Concepción as local and 5–4 against Santiago Wanderers as visitors), he back to draw, now in the Chilean football derby with Colo-Colo, which was again a goalless where both teams were criticized for its game level. Finally, Beccacece would end in the tenth place with three wins, seven draws and five losses and his continuity was heavily questioned during the Copa América Centenario break.

Output: b
Question: How many students attend the university where Pomeranchuk is Professor of Theoretical Physics? Passage:After Landau moved to the Kapitza institute in Moscow (to avoid arrest for comparing Stalinism to Nazism), Pomeranchuk also moved there, working for the tanning industry. He returned to Leningrad in 1938, lecturing, completing his Ph.D. and becoming employed as a junior scientist. He joined the Lebedev Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR in Moscow as a senior scientist in 1940. In 1941 the institute was evacuated to Kazan. Under Abraham Alikhanov, he studied cosmic rays in Armenia from 1942. In 1943, he transferred to Laboratory No.2 under Igor Kurchatov as part of the Soviet project to develop nuclear weapons. Alikhanov founded Laboratory No.3 (which became the Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP)) and Pomeranchuk worked there from 1946 (and for the rest of his life), founding and leading the Theoretical department, as well as being Professor of Theoretical Physics at the Moscow Mechanical Institute where students admired his infectious enthusiasm for his subject. Rudolf Peierls was consoled by the fact that it was "very clever Pomeranchuk" - and no-one else - who corrected his 1/T law for heat conduction in high-temperature condensed matter physics. His work in the 1940s was dominated by neutron research and his manuscript with Akhiezer was the basic guide for Soviet nuclear reactor construction. In 1950, he published a paper suggesting that the entropy of helium-3 as a liquid was less than as a solid. In 1950, Pomeranchuk received an order from Josef Stalin to go to Arzamas-16, located in the closed city of Sarov, Nizhny Novgorod region, to work on Soviet nuclear weaponry. Missing his family and his 'hobby physics' problems, he was advised not to apply for a revocation but wait until the order was "forgotten." He returned to ITEP within a year. He continued enthusiastically with work on quantum field theory and S-matrix theory, particle collisions and Regge theory, the latter in vigorous collaboration with Vladimir Gribov. His last paper on Regge theory was published posthumously. For his work, Pomeranchuk was twice awarded the Stalin Prize (1950, 1952). He was elected a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR in 1953 and full member in 1964.

Output: b
Question: How many years was Taft president? Passage:Howard was born to Ossian Gregory Howard, a lawyer, and Lucy Denham Thurber on 11 June 1857. His relatives from his mother's side included the Harvard astronomer E.C. Pickering while other distant relatives included Senator J.M. Howard and President William Howard Taft. Shortly after his birth, the family moved from Rockford, to Ithaca, New York where his father worked with a law firm. Howard attended Ithaca Academy. An interest in insect collecting encouraged by his parents with the gift of The Butterfly Hunters by Mary Treat at the age of 10 followed by more books and at the age of 13, along with another collector friend, recorded the introduction of the European cabbage butterfly (Pieris rapae) in the Catskill region. Along with his friends, he founded the Ithaca Natural History Society to meet and discuss papers and insects. While out collecting one day, he met John Henry Comstock, who invited him to his lab at Cornell University. Howard enrolled in Cornell in September 1873, three years after the death of his father, and following the advice of his mother's friends, went to study civil engineering. Doing poorly in differential calculus made him drop engineering and he began to study other subjects including French, German, and Italian. He then joined Comstock's lab as the first research student and graduated in June 1877 with a thesis on respiration in the larva of Corydalis cornutus. He worked with Burt Green Wilder and Simon Henry Gage and received a masters at Cornell. In the 1880s, he also attended Columbian College (now George Washington University) for medicine, although he didn't complete it. He however received an honorary MD from the same university in 1911 for his contribution to medical entomology. 

Output: b
Question: Which of the first two teams Strodder played for had the most championships? Passage:Born in Cleckheaton, West Yorkshire, Strodder came through the youth system of Yorkshire Amateur. He joined Lincoln City in 1982, spending five years at the club and being voted the club's player of the year in 1986, before signing for West Ham United. After three years at West Ham, he moved on to West Bromwich Albion, who he helped to promotion via the playoff final at Wembley Stadium in a team managed by Argentinian and Tottenham Hotspur legend Ossie Ardiles. In 1996 he signed for Notts County, where he was selected for the Third Division PFA Team of the Year in 1997–98. In 1998–99 he had a spell on loan at Rotherham United, before joining Hartlepool United. In 2001 he dropped into non-League football with Guiseley. After retiring from playing he worked for the community development section at Leeds United, before going into business in Menorca.

Output: a
Question: How many people now live in the city that Moszkowski is from? Passage:He was born in Breslau, Prussia (now the Polish city of Wrocław), into a wealthy Polish-Jewish family whose parents had come to Breslau from Pilica, near Zawiercie, in 1854. He was an ardent Jew at a time when many Jews downplayed their Jewishness. He showed early talent from a very tender age, beginning his musical training at home until 1865, when his family moved to Dresden. There he continued his piano studies at the conservatory. He moved to Berlin in 1869 to continue his studies first at the Julius Stern's Conservatory, where he studied piano with Eduard Franck and composition with Friedrich Kiel, and then at Theodor Kullak's Neue Akademie der Tonkunst, where he studied composition with Richard Wüerst and orchestration with Heinrich Dorn. There he became close friends with the Scharwenka brothers, Xaver and Philipp. In 1871 he accepted Kullak's offer to become a teacher in his academy; as he was also a more than competent violinist, he sometimes played first violin in the orchestra.

Output: b
Question: How old was John Caulfield when he was appointed Cork City's manager? Passage:McNulty moved to Cork City in 2003, initially playing for the club's under-21 side in the Eircom U21 League. In 2005, he was promoted to the first team and made 3 appearances in the league, as City won the league title. McNulty made a further 24 league appearances over the next 4 seasons. In 2010, as Cork City were relegated to the First Division due to financial issues, McNulty established himself as City's starting goalkeeper, making 33 league appearances that season, as City finished in 6th place. He made 29 league appearances in 2011, as City secured promotion back to the Premier Division by winning the league. McNulty continued as City's first choice keeper, missing just 5 league matches in 2012 and 2013. Ahead of the 2014 season, John Caulfield was appointed as Cork City's manager. McNulty made 33 league appearances that season as City finished 2nd in the league to Dundalk. He played in all of Cork City's league matches over the next two seasons, as City finished 2nd to Dundalk on both occasions. McNulty also started the 2015 FAI Cup Final as City were beaten 1-0 after extra time thanks to a goal from Richie Towell. In the 2016 FAI Cup Final, McNulty again started the final, and was on the winning side this time, as Sean Maguire's goal in the last minute of extra time secured a 1-0 win for City. In 2017, McNulty played in all but one of City's league matches, as City won the league title. In the third successive cup final between Cork City and Dundalk, McNulty started the final and saved a penalty from Michael Duffy in a penalty shootout that City eventually won 5-3, after the match finished 1-1 after extra time, to secure a league and cup double for the first time in City's history.

Output: b
Question: Who did the Golden State Warriors trade for Dean Garrett? Passage:He attended San Clemente High School in San Clemente, California, where he earned All-Conference, All-County and All-Southern California honors as a senior (1983–84). Then he played collegiately at the City College of San Francisco from 1984 to 1986, where he led his team to the state finals where it was defeated by Sacramento City College. The winning continued when he accepted a scholarship to Indiana University, with whom he won the 1987 NCAA National Championship. He was selected in the second round (38th pick overall) of the 1988 NBA draft by the Phoenix Suns, but did not play in the NBA for eight seasons, playing instead in Europe (in Italy and Greece). Prior to the 1996–97 season he was signed as free agent by the Minnesota Timberwolves, and afterwards played in the NBA for the next five seasons, for the Denver Nuggets (1997–98), Timberwolves again (1998–99 to 2001–02), and Golden State Warriors (2001–02), where he was traded in mid-season. During those six seasons he played in 359 games, and averaged 19.4 minutes, 4.8 points, 5.0 rebounds, and 1.0 blocks per game, with a 0.480 field goal percentage.

Output: b
Question: Who was the second overall selection in the draft where Garrett was picked by the Cleveland Browns? Passage:Born in Los Angeles, California, Garrett was an All-American quarterback at Stanford University, where he also starred as a defensive back. In 1953, he became the third person to receive the W.J. Voit Memorial Trophy as the outstanding football player on the Pacific Coast. After he was named most valuable player of the Hula Bowl, he was drafted by the Cleveland Browns as the first overall selection in the 1954 NFL Draft. The Browns had needed someone to take over for the veteran Otto Graham, but they soon discovered that Garrett had a liability as a quarterback: he stuttered, which made calling plays difficult.

Output: b
Question: When did rail line that the Albany-Sumner Avenues station was located close? Passage:Albany–Sumner Avenues was a station on the demolished BMT Fulton Street Line. It had 2 tracks and 2 side platforms. It was served by trains of the BMT Fulton Street Line. The station was opened on May 30, 1888, and had connections to the Sumner Avenue Line streetcars. Eastbound trains stopped at Albany Avenue, while westbound trains stopped at Sumner Avenue (now Marcus Garvey Boulevard). The next stop to the east was Troy Avenue. The next stop to the west was Tompkins Avenue. During 1912 and 1924, the Dual Contracts program installed a third track on the Fulton El between Nostrand Avenue and the new Hinsdale Street station. Albany-Sumner Avenues stations were closed during that time. In 1936 the Independent Subway System built an underground Fulton Street Subway station at Kingston–Throop Avenues between here and the nearby Brooklyn–Tompkins Avenues Station. The el station became obsolete.

Output: b
Question: Of the two types of Catholicism mentioned, which was founded first? Passage:Luther began by criticising the sale of indulgences, insisting that the Pope had no authority over purgatory and that the Treasury of Merit had no foundation in the Bible. The Reformation developed further to include a distinction between Law and Gospel, a complete reliance on Scripture as the only source of proper doctrine (sola scriptura) and the belief that faith in Jesus is the only way to receive God's pardon for sin (sola fide) rather than good works. Although this is generally considered a Protestant belief, a similar formulation was taught by Molinist and Jansenist Catholics. The priesthood of all believers downplayed the need for saints or priests to serve as mediators, and mandatory clerical celibacy was ended. Simul justus et peccator implied that although people could improve, no one could become good enough to earn forgiveness from God. Sacramental theology was simplified and attempts at imposing Aristotelian epistemology were resisted.

Output: a
Question: Which is wider between the two bodies of water the CR 540 runs through? Passage:The first of CR 540 are concurrent with the entire length of Route 140, running southeast through commercial areas of Carneys Point Township from an intersection with US 130 and interchanging with I-295 and the New Jersey Turnpike/US 40 at the point US 40 splits from the New Jersey Turnpike. From the east end of Route 140, signage for CR 540 begins past US 40, with the route heading southeast on two-lane undivided Hawks Bridge Road. The road runs through residential neighborhoods before crossing the Salem River into Mannington Township. The route intersects CR 631 as it heads through forests before entering a mix of woods and farms as the road turns south and briefly becomes a divided highway at the CR 646 junction. From here, CR 540 becomes Pointers Road and runs through more agricultural areas, crossing the marshy Mannington Creek before briefly turning southeast onto Bypass Road and intersecting CR 620 and Route 45.

Output: a
Question: How many Super Bowls have the Saints won? Passage:The New Orleans Saints are a professional American football team based in New Orleans, Louisiana. They are a member of the South Division of the National Football Conference (NFC) in the National Football League (NFL). The NFL awarded the city of New Orleans the 16th franchise in the league in November 1, 1966, All Saints Day, five months after the 89th United States Congress approved the merger of the NFL with the American Football League (AFL) in June of that year. In January 1967, the team was given the current "New Orleans Saints" name, and began playing in their first season in September of that year. Since the franchise's creation, it has been based in New Orleans. The team's home games were originally played at Tulane Stadium from 1967 to 1974, it was demolished in 1979, when the team relocated its home games to its current stadium, the Mercedes-Benz Superdome (formerly Louisiana Superdome from 1975 to 2011).

Output: b
Question: How long did the arbitration in which the islands played a small role last? Passage:The military history of the Aleutian Islands began almost immediately following the purchase of Alaska from the Russian Empire by the United States in 1867. Prior to the early 20th century, the Aleutian Islands were essentially ignored by the United States Armed Forces, although the islands played a small role in the Bering Sea Arbitration when a number of British and American vessels were stationed at Unalaska to enforce the arbitrators' decision. By the early 20th century, a number of war strategies examined the possibility of conflict breaking out between the Empire of Japan and the United States. While the Aleutian Islands were seen as a potential staging point for invasions by either side, this possibility was dismissed owing to the islands' dismal climate. In 1922, the Washington Naval Treaty was signed, after which the United States Navy began to take an interest in the islands. However, nothing of significance was to materialize until World War II.

Output: b
Question: Are there any universities in the place where Wilfred was born? Passage:Born on 25 June 1884 in South Kensington, England, the eldest child of Henry Neville Custance and Alice Georgina, née Custance. His grandfather was Admiral Sir Reginald Custance. He joined the Royal Navy on 15 January 1899 as a cadet. He was rated midshipman on 15 May 1900 and served aboard HMS Ocean. Promoted to sub-lieutenant on 15 July 1903 he served aboard HMS Foam in the Mediterranean Station between 1904–1905. He served upon HMS Venerable in 1905 and promoted to lieutenant on 15 January 1905. He was the Gunnery Officer aboard HMS Vanguard between 1913–1917, and was having dinner aboard another ship at Scapa Flow in 1917 when HMS Vanguard suffered an internal explosion and sank with the loss of lives of 843 men. He served aboard HMS Vanguard during World War I and was present during the battle of Jutland in 1916.

Output: b
Question: Did the same team win the league both of the two seasons in which Gregory scored sixteen and seven times respectively? Passage:He re-found his scoring form in the third tier scoring 16 times 1978–79 and seven times in 1979–80. He moved to Portsmouth in December 1980 and his six goals helped "Pompey" gain promotion to the Third Division. He scored 15 goals in 1980–81 but he failed to find the target in 1981–82 and left for Welsh side Wrexham. He scored just five goals in 1982–83 as the "Dragons" suffered relegation to the Fourth Division. Wrexham had a poor 1983–84 season as they finished in 20th position but Gregory scored a career best of 20 goals and helped Wrexham to win the Welsh Cup which at the time allowed entrance into European competitions. He played in both legs as Fourth Division Wrexham over came Portuguese club FC Porto but Italian side AS Roma proved too strong. He remained at Wrexham until the summer of 1986 and ended his career at with a season at his first club Peterborough United.

Output: a
Question: How long after the Battle of Princeton did the war during which Fort Mercer was built end? Passage:Fort Mercer was a fort on the Delaware River in New Jersey constructed by the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War. Built by Polish engineer Thaddeus Kosciuszko under the command of George Washington, Fort Mercer was built in 1777 to block the approach to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in concert with Fort Mifflin on the Pennsylvania side. Fort Mercer was located in an area called Red Bank, in what is now the borough of National Park, Gloucester County, New Jersey. The fort was named in honor of Brigadier General Hugh Mercer who had died earlier that year at the Battle of Princeton. The fort's site is now part of Red Bank Battlefield Historical Park, which includes a monument and museum. Several cannons attributed to British warships lost supporting the attack on the fort, and others found buried at the fort itself, are in the park.

Output: b
Question: What country is Senta a part of? Passage:Jovan Đorđević was born in Senta, a town on the bank of the Tisa river in the region which eventually became Serbian Vojvodina, on 13 November 1826 (Julian Calendar) to merchant Filip and Ana (née Malešević) Đorđević. Jovan was baptized on 17 November of that year in the Serbian Orthodox Church of Archangel Michael, officiated by Very Reverend Georgije-Đuka Popović, one of the most erudite clerics of his day in that region of Potisje, and author of Put u raj (The Road to Heaven), a book in praise of moral principles. The acting bug bit hard when he first appeared as a teenager in Hungarian and Serbian amateur theatricals in his hometown of Senta. He started his schooling in Senta, Novi Sad, Szeged, Temisvar, and Pest, where he was a Tekelijanum scholar (having received a stipend from the Sava Tekelija Endowment). Throughout high school (gymnasium) and university he pursued his chosen career as a professional actor and manager, appearing in hundreds of plays he himself organized in which he received a reputation of high versatility and originality. The 1848 Revolution interrupted his university education and he left Pest for Sombor where Grand Zupan Isidor Nikolić Dzaver (1806–1862) of Bačka first appointed him secretary of the town's municipal court house, and then a position of judicial clerk at Lugos. In 1852 he was appointed professor of a high school in Novi Sad. There Đorđević came to loggerheads with the school's administrators, who were against Vuk Karadžić's language reforms, and left his teaching post to become secretary of the Matica Srpska and editor of the learned society's magazine Letopis Matice Srpske in 1857. Two years later (1859), Danilo Medaković appointed Đorđević to position of co-editor (with Đorđe Popović) of Srpski Dnevnik. He eventually relinquished his position to Svetozar Miletić in 1861 and joined Dr. Jovan Andrejević Joles on their long, overdue project – the construction of the Serbian National Theatre in Novi Sad. With the new theatre Đorđević showed his interest in Serbian drama through the productions of plays by Đorđe Maletić, Jovan Sterija Popović, Matija Ban, Joakim Vujić, and others. In 1868 he founded the Serbian National Theatre in Belgrade, where he offered increasingly elaborate contemporary productions of Serbian and foreign playwrights and dramatists, like Stevan Sremac, Milorad Popović Šapčanin, Milovan Glišić, Svetislav Vulović, Kosta Trifković, Branislav Nušić, Imre Madách, József Katona, György Bessenyei, Schiller, Henrik Ibsen, Oscar Wilde, Émile Augier, Jules Sandeau, Eugène Marin Labiche, Victorien Sardou, Ivan Turgenev, Gogol, Maksim Gorky and other.

Output: b