Question: On what date did the Open 13 begin? Passage 1:During World War II it was one of the few cartridges used by both the Axis and Allied powers, a distinction it shared with the 9×19mm Parabellum pistol round. Apart from being the standard rifle cartridge of the German and Polish armed forces, it was also used by the armed forces of Great Britain in the Besa machine gun, which was mounted in some of their tanks and other armoured vehicles, as well as being extensively used by the Chinese, especially early in the war. After World War II it was used by the early Bundeswehr of West Germany. Later, when Egypt decided to manufacture the Hakim rifle, a licensed copy of the Swedish Ag m/42, they redesigned the breech to accept the 7.92×57mm Mauser cartridge rather than use the original 6.5×55mm Ag m/42 cartridge. Its military use continues today (2012) in the former Yugoslavia in the Zastava M76 sniper rifle and the license-built copy of the MG 42, the M53 Šarac machine gun.
 Passage 2:In February 2008 Speranza was appointed by PD's secretary Walter Veltroni to the national committee of Young Democrats, with the task of creating the new youth organization of the Democratic Party. On 9 November 2009 he was elected regional secretary of the PD for Basilicata. After supporting Pier Luigi Bersani in the 2012 primary election for the choice of the centre-left candidate for Prime Minister in the 2013 general election, he was selected by Bersani to coordinate his 2013 electoral campaign. The centre-left alliance Italy Common Good obtained a clear majority of seats in the Chamber of Deputies, thanks to a majority bonus that has effectively trebled the number of seats assigned to the winning force, while in the popular vote it narrowly defeated the centre-right alliance of former Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi. Close behind, the new anti-establishment Five Star Movement of comedian Beppe Grillo became the third force, clearly ahead of the centrist coalition of outgoing Prime Minister Mario Monti. In the Senate, no political group or party won an outright majority, resulting in a hung parliament. Speranza was elected to the Chamber of Deputies in Basilicata's electoral constituency.
 Passage 3:Juan Martín del Potro reached the quarter-finals of the first slam of the year in the Australian Open losing to Roger Federer. He then reached his first final of the year at the ABN AMRO World Tennis Tournament losing to Federer once again. However, he bounced back by winning his first title of the year at the Open 13 defeating Michaël Llodra in the final. At the Estoril Open, successfully defended his title by defeating Richard Gasquet . At the French Open he reached the quarter-finals but fell to Federer for the fifth time in the year despite leading two sets to love he lost. At Wimbledon he was handily defeated by David Ferrer in the fourth round. He bounced back at the Olympics winning the Bronze Medal match over Novak Djokovic after losing to Federer in the semifinals. At the US Open he reached his third slam quarter-finals of the year but lost once again this time to Djokovic. He won his third title of the year at the Erste Bank Open defeating qualifier Grega Žemlja in the final. At the Swiss Indoors Basel, Del Potro got his fourth championship of the year after beating Roger Federer. This is the third time del Potro has qualified for the event.

Output: 3