Question: How old was Stalin the year that the Meskhetian Turks were forced out of Meskheti? Passage 1:The ship's keel was laid down 4 January 1977 by Burrard Dry Dock at their yard in North Vancouver, British Columbia with the yard number 222. The ship was launched on 10 March 1978 and entered in Coast Guard service in March 1979. The ship was named Franklin in honour of Arctic explorer Sir John Franklin. After completing the vessel performed sea trials in the western Arctic and Northwest Passage. While transiting the Northwest Passage, heading to the icebreaker's assigned base in Newfoundland, Franklin lost a propeller in Viscount Melville Sound and was rescued by and returned to the west coast. The two ships then transited to the East Coast of Canada via the Panama Canal. In 1980, the vessel was renamed to Sir John Franklin at the request of the crew. The ship worked out of CCG Base Dartmouth and CCG Base Quebec City for most of the 1980s and 1990s, being tasked to winter icebreaking operations in the Gulf of St. Lawrence and St. Lawrence River and off Newfoundland. During the summer season, Sir John Franklin was often tasked to support the annual Arctic Summer Sealift operation for escorting cargo ships to remote port communities in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago.
 Passage 2:Robinson was born in Manchester to James Arthur Robinson and Ann (née Lamplugh) in 1919. She went to a private school and later the Manchester Girls' High School. After the divorce of her parents in 1938 she went to the University of Hamburg for premedical studies but this was interrupted by the war. Returning to England, she worked at the British Woollen Industries Research Association in Leeds where she attended evening lectures in Paleontology at Leeds University by Dorothy Rayner, which captured her interest. She worked from 1942 to 1945 at the Royal Ordnance factory at Thorp Arch, West Yorkshire. She worked for about two years as a librarian at the Geological Society in London before enrolling for geology at the University College London in 1947. She was influenced at university by J. B. S. Haldane, Walter Georg Kühne and D. M. S. Watson. Graduating in 1951 with first-class honours, he continued post-graduate research and became an assistant lecturer in zoology. She received a Ph.D. in 1957 for her studies on the gliding lizard Kuehneosaurus but she also studied the stratigraphy and fossils of the Mendip Hills in Gloucestershire. She published on the Late Triassic fauna of the Bristol Channel. She was invited through the influence of Haldane to the Indian Statistical Institute at Calcutta by Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis and helped establish a geology department there. She mentored and influenced Indian researchers and created a program for the study of the paleontology of the Gondwana strata as well as the Maleri Formation in the Deccan region. A symposium on Gondwana Stratigraphy was held in 1967.
 Passage 3:The Meskhetian Turks first arrived in Azerbaijan at the end of the nineteenth century, and more followed in 1918-1920. However, migration to Azerbaijan increased dramatically after World War II when the Soviet Union was preparing to launch a pressure campaign against Turkey. Vyacheslav Molotov, then Minister of Foreign Affairs, demanded to the surrender of three Anatolian provinces (Kars, Ardahan and Artvin); thus, war against Turkey seemed possible, and Joseph Stalin wanted to clear the strategic Turkish population situated in Meskheti, located near the Turkish-Georgian border which were likely to be hostile to Soviet intentions. Thus, in 1944, the Meskhetian Turks were forcefully deported from the Meskheti region in Georgia and accused of smuggling, banditry and espionage in collaboration with their kin across the Turkish border. Nationalistic policies at the time encouraged the slogan: "Georgia for Georgians" and that the Meskhetian Turks should be sent to Turkey "where they belong". Joseph Stalin deported the Meskhetian Turks to Central Asia (especially to Uzbekistan), thousands dying en route in cattle-trucks, and were not permitted by the Georgian government of Zviad Gamsakhurdia to return to their homeland.

Output: 3