Question: Who owned the Columbus Crew when the year they signed Armas to the team? Passage 1:After leaving AtoZ, Takase began wrestling under a mask and adopted the new ring name Toujyuki Leon. Her first appearance under the new character, took place on February 11, 2005, when she was defeated by Akino at a JDStar event. On February 20, Toujyuki Leon made her debut for JWP Joshi Puroresu, losing to Tsubasa Kuragaki. She returned to the promotion on April 24, when she teamed with Kaori Yoneyama to defeat Eco and Kazuki to become the number one contenders to the JWP Tag Team Championship. On May 15, Toujyuki Leon and Yoneyama defeated Akino and Tsubasa Kuragaki to become the new JWP Tag Team Champions. For most of 2005, Toujyuki Leon for the M's Style promotion, where she defeated Ayako Hamada on April 24 to win the Tournament of Style, while also making it to the finals of a one night tag team tournament on August 7, teaming with noki-A. On December 4, Toujyuki Leon defeated Hikaru in the finals of a seven-woman tournament to win the Next Shining Generation (NSG) Championship, an independent title with no official home promotion. She would hold the title for four months, before losing it to Hikaru on April 2, 2006. After a fifteen-month reign, Toujyuki Leon and Kaori Yoneyama lost the JWP Tag Team Championship to Ran Yu-Yu and Toshie Uematsu on August 6, 2006. During 2006, Toujyuki Leon also made several appearances for the Ibuki and Oz Academy promotions.
 Passage 2:In 1999, Armas signed for the Maryland Mania in the USL A-League. He began the 2000 season with the Raleigh Capital Express, playing four games. He also spent time with D.C. United. In June 2000, the Columbus Crew signed Armas as a Discovery Player. He played four regular season games with the Crew. He also played on 2000 Open Cup game for the Crew, coming on for John DeBrito in the 66th minute. He also went on loan to MLS Pro 40 for one game. The Crew waived him at the end of the season. In November 2000, the Tampa Bay Mutiny claimed Armas off waivers, but released him before the season. In 2001, John Dugan, who had coached the Express in 2000, became the new head coach of the Atlanta Silverbacks. He promptly signed Armas. On June 12, 2001, half way through the season, the Silverbacks traded Armas to the Minnesota Thunder in a three-way trade which sent Andrew Restrepo from the Rochester Rhinos to Atlanta and Stoian Mladenov to the Rhinos from Minnesota. In 2002, Armas played three games with the Cincinnati Riverhawks. In 2003, he played seventeen games for the Carolina Dynamo, scoring five goals and adding 16 assists as the Dynamo took the league title. Armas was selected as a first team All Star. He then moved to the Pittsburgh Riverhounds for the 2004 USL Second Division season and was back with Carolina for the 2005 season.
 Passage 3:In an open letter to the President, the Congress, and the American people, eighty economists, including Nobel Laureate Vernon L. Smith, stated that the FairTax would boost the United States economy. According to the National Bureau of Economic Research and Americans For Fair Taxation, GDP would increase almost 10.5% in the year after the FairTax goes into effect. Real investments could increase by as much as 76% initially and remain 15% above present levels. In addition, the incentive to work would increase by as much as 20%, the economy's capital stock would increase by 42%, labor supply by 4%, output by 12%, and real wage rate by 8%. A study in 2007 by the Beacon Hill Institute of Suffolk University stated that within five years real GDP would increase 10.7% over the current system, domestic investment by 86.3%, capital stock by 9.3%, employment by 9.9%, real wages by 10.2%, and consumption by 1.8%. Laurence Kotlikoff of Boston University finds that the shift to the FairTax would raise marginal labor productivity and real wages over the course of the century by 18.9% and long-run output by 10.6%. Further, studies of the FairTax at Boston University and Rice University suggests the FairTax will bring long-term interest rates down by as much as one third. As falling tax compliance costs lower production costs, exports would increase by 26% initially and remain more than 13% above present levels. According to Professor Dale Jorgenson of Harvard University’s Economics Department, revenues to Social Security and Medicare would double as the size of the economy doubles within 15 years after passage of the FairTax. Wall Street Journal columnist James Taranto states the FairTax is unsuited to take advantage of supply-side effects and would create a powerful disincentive to spend money.

Output: 2