Context_1 : Tams-Witmark is an American company that provides to professional and amateur theaters license to Broadway musical scripts and scores. Among the many notable properties handled by the company are "Kiss Me, Kate"; "My Fair Lady"; ""; "Bye Bye Birdie"; "Hello, Dolly!"; "Cabaret"; "Man of La Mancha" and "A Chorus Line". The company has also acquired numerous properties often inspired by or based upon motion pictures or comic strips, such as 42nd Street, The Wizard of Oz, Meet Me In St. Louis, You're A Good Man, Charlie Brown, and Li'l Abner. The company has also prepared for licensing simpler, shorter derivative works for performance by elementary and middle school students, such as an abbreviated version of "Bye, Bye Birdie". Context_2 : The Cotton Club Boys were nationally acclaimed American chorus line entertainers who, from 1934, performed class act dance routines – that is, precision unison dance drills – as part of musical revues produced almost exclusively by the Cotton Club in New York until 1940 – when the Broadway Cotton Club closed – then as part of Cab Calloway's Revue on tour, until the end of 1942. They debuted in the 24th edition of "Cotton Club Parade," spring 1934 — (i) a period that marked the beginning of the swing era, (ii) the post-Harlem Renaissance, (iii) about a year after the Prohibition, and (iv) the trough of the Great Depression. The chorus line name often included a prefix that reflected the number of members; "viz.," "The Six Cotton Club Boys," "The 12 Cotton Club Boys," and the like. Context_3 : "What I Did for Love" is a song from the musical "A Chorus Line" (music by Marvin Hamlisch, lyrics by Edward Kleban). It was quickly recognized for its show-business potential outside Broadway and was picked up by popular singers to include in their performances in their club and television appearances. Both female and male singers have made it an inclusion in their recorded albums to great effect. "The Daily Telegraph" described it as a "big anthem". Context_4 : "Soul by the Pound" is the third single from rapper Common's 1992 debut album, "Can I Borrow a Dollar?". Its beat, produced by Immenslope, is similar to much production from Common's second album, "Resurrection". Its beat contains samples from "I Like It" by DeBarge and "Sneakin' in the Back" by Tom Scott. It is considered to be a "black solidarity" track, but has been attacked for its misogyny. Its chorus contains a sample from Tim Dog's verse on "A Chorus Line" by Ultramagnetic MCs. A music video was made for the "Thump Mix" version of this song, but not for the album version. The chorus of "Thump Mix" contains vocal samples from Q-Tip's verse in "Jazz (We've Got)" by A Tribe Called Quest, Redman's in "Tonight's Da Night" and Grand Puba's in "Check It Out." The "Thump Mix" can be found on the Guidance Recordings compilation album "2001: A Rhyme Odyssey". Context_5 : A Chorus Line is a musical with music by Marvin Hamlisch, lyrics by Edward Kleban and a book by James Kirkwood, Jr. and Nicholas Dante. Centred on seventeen Broadway dancers auditioning for spots on a chorus line, the musical is set on the bare stage of a Broadway theatre during an audition for a musical. "A Chorus Line" provides a glimpse into the personalities of the performers and the choreographer as they describe the events that have shaped their lives and their decisions to become dancers. Context_6 : James T. Lane (born December 25, 1977) is an American actor and dancer. He made his Broadway debut with the 2006 revival of "A Chorus Line", playing Richie Walters. After that, Lane joined the cast of "Chicago: The Musical", playing the role of Aaron and Amos. Other credits include an episode on "One Life to Live" as a James Brown impersonator. Lane was last been seen on Broadway in "The Scottsboro Boys", playing the roles of Ozie Powell and Ruby Bates. In 2013, Lane reprised his "A Chorus Line" role in The West End. Context_7 : Doug Haining is a saxophonist/clarinetist who currently resides in Edina, Minnesota. He is a music graduate of St. Olaf College in Northfield, Minnesota, where he studied classical clarinet. He has performed professionally since 1974, backing national artists such as Steve Allen, Don Rickles, Bob Hope, and others, and Broadway shows such as West Side Story, Cats, A Chorus Line and many others. He has performed with the Minnesota Orchestra and St. Paul Chamber Orchestra. Doug also played short stints with Red Wolfe’s ‘Ellington Echoes’, and the Hall Brothers. Since 1979, Doug has been a member of the Wolverines Classic Jazz Orchestra. He is also a member of the recently formed BellaGala big band, and plays in other jazz groups in the area. Doug founded the Twin Cities Seven in 1999, and since then has been busy writing arrangements and compositions for the band's ever-growing library. Doug has performed with the band at many local venues and jazz festivals, and several regional performing venues outside the metro area. In 2010, Doug co-founded the Explosion Big Band with his musical cohort Scott Agster. In his spare time, he teaches privately and co-leads the Edina High School Jazz Ensemble I. He has two children, Trevor and Preston, both of whom are currently pursuing professional music careers. Context_8 : Marvin Frederick Hamlisch (June 2, 1944August 6, 2012) was an American composer and conductor. Hamlisch was one of only twelve people to win Emmy, Grammy, Oscar and Tony awards. This collection of all four is referred to as an "EGOT". He is one of only two people (along with Richard Rodgers) to have won those four prizes and a Pulitzer Prize. Context_9 : Ernest Harold Martin (born Ernest Harold Markowitz; August 28, 1919 – May 8, 1995) was a Tony Award-winning Broadway producer who wrote the book for a musical, owned a Broadway theater and produced motion pictures, including "A Chorus Line" and "Cabaret" (1972 film nominated for 10 Oscars). Best known for such hits as "Guys and Dolls", "How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying", and "Cabaret", Martin left his mark on American and international theatre and screen. Context_10 : On the Old Fall River Line is a song composed in 1913 by William Jerome (words), Andrew B. Sterling (words) and Harry Von Tilzer (music) set on a steamship of the Fall River Line of steamships between New York and Newport, Rhode Island, which connected with trains from Newport to Boston. Von Tilzer had often traveled the line and was inspired by honeymooners "stirred to romantic depths by the alliance of shadowy darkness, twinkling stars, softly lapping waves and stately moving ships." Popular during World War I, especially among New England soldiers, it was also "much parodied." It is a cheerful, up-tempo ditty, but, typically of its time, "there is a final twist to married bliss with the final chorus line of: 'But I wish "oh Lord" I fell overboard, On the old Fall River Line.'" Described by the New York Times as "a popular song of a quarter century ago" in 1937, its full chorus was used that same year in Time Magazine's article on the passing of the old steamboat line. Although still garnering a place in "Billboard"' s 1949 listing of "Harry Von Tilzer's Best Known Songs" as late as 1949 and being described as "a famous verse" by The Christian Science Monitor in 1950, a dozen years after the last ship had sailed, it is less remembered today, although not completely forgotten. Modern-day performers have included Steve Martin and Tiny Tim. fact_1 : A Chorus Line is a musical with music by Marvin Hamlisch, lyrics by Edward Kleban and a book by James Kirkwood, Jr. and Nicholas Dante. fact_2 : Marvin Frederick Hamlisch (June 2, 1944August 6, 2012) was an American composer and conductor. Answer: American
Output: What is the nationality of the man who wrote the music for A Chorus Line?