Context_1 : Ānvīkṣikī is a term in Sanskrit denoting roughly the "science of inquiry" and it should have been recognized in India as a distinct branch of learning as early as 650 BCE. However, over the centuries its meaning and import have undergone considerable variations. In the earliest period, the term was used to denote Atma-vidya, the science of the soul, in contrast to Adhyatma-vidya, the spiritual science, or Brahma-vidya, the divine science. In Manu Smriti the term Ānvīkṣikī has been used as equivalent to Atma-vidya and it has been described as a branch of the Vedas. In the fourth century BCE, Kautilya in his Arthashastra recognised it as a distinct branch of learning different from Vedas and other disciplines. Kautilya classifies all disciplines into four categories: scripture (the three Vedas, "trayi"), agriculture and commerce ("varta"), politics and public administration ("danda-niti"), and "Ānvīkṣikī", the investigative reflective science. The distinction between Atma-vidya and Ānvīkṣikī is that while the former embodied certain dogmatic assertions about the nature of the soul, the latter contained reasons supporting those assertions. Thus Ānvīkṣikī dealt with two subjects, namely, "atma", soul, and "hetu", theory of reasons. The Samkhya, Yoga, and Lokayata, in so far as they treated of reasons affirming or denying the existence of soul, were included by Kautilya in the Ānvīkṣikī. Of the two subjects studied in the ambit of Ānvīkṣikī, the study of soul later developed and matured into a separate independent study described by the term "Darsanas" (meaning philosophy), and the theory of reasons was developed into an independent branch of study referred to as "Nyaya" or logic. This bifurcation of Ānvīkṣikī into philosophy and logic must have had its beginning in around 550 BCE with the exposition of the logical side of Ānvīkṣikī by Medhatithi Gautama. However the term Ānvīkṣikī has been in use in the general sense of a science embracing both the science of soul and the theory of reasons. Context_2 : Adam Lach ( born in 1983 in Poznan) is a Polish photographer. He is based in Warsaw, Poland. Co-founder of Napo Images and vice president of Napo Foundation. He photographed for "The New York Times", “Le Monde”, “GEO”, "The New Yorker", "Vice". Winner of photo contests including Pictures of the Year International and International Photography Awards. His photo essays were shown on international exhibitions, including Polka Galerie at HSBC in Paris, the Prague Biennale, World Photojournalism Festival in Beijing. In years 2010-2012 he taught two subjects (“Press Photography” and “Reportage and New Media”) at the Institute of Journalism at the University of Warsaw. Lach concentrates primarily on long-term documentary projects. In his photographs he focuses his attention on people, relationships, emotions and intimacy. He aims to create a genuine story, unaffected by artificial peripeteia, but marked by the author's interpretation of the portrayed reality. Context_3 : Rajani Kannepalli Kanth is a professor, economist, philosopher, and social thinker. Though born in India, he is a US citizen and has resided overseas for most of his life. His major research interests lie in the fields of Economics, Social Theory and Policy, and Women's Issues. His works have received positive endorsements from iconic intellectuals such as Ravi Batra, Roy Bhaskar, Noam Chomsky, Geoff Harcourt, Robert Heilbroner, John M. Hobson, Jonathan Joseph, Tony Lawson, Ali Mazrui, John McMurtry, Roger Owen, Warren Samuels, Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, Paul Sweezy, and Immanuel Wallerstein. He has, across plus-three decades, taught in the areas of Anthropology, Sociology, Political Science, History, Economics, and Philosophy. He currently serves as the Trustee of the World Peace Congress that he founded in Salt Lake City, Utah, in 2007. He has also served as an advisor to the United Nations in New York, aside from being on the faculty of major universities around the world. Context_4 : Among the last stories covered by Sarmiento was an accusation against a local Institutional Revolutionary Party candidate running for federal deputy who was seen accompanied in his political campaign by people using firearms reserved for the use of the Armed Forces. Oscar Valencia, the candidate, went on to win the election. Sarmiento did not have a wife or any children, but his sister is another Oaxaca journalist, Misael Sánchez, of the newspaper "El Tiempo". "I was at the radio station, put on the music and was considering scheduling, when I heard the detonations of firearm in the door," said Guadalupe, who for five years accompanied Sarmiento in the project to install the station radio. The two subjects who completed the crime ran into the streets, one by Benito Juarez and the other by Porfirio Díaz. The funeral was held on July 3, 2015. Context_5 : Nicolas Colibert, a French painter and engraver, was born in Paris in 1750. He executed in the dotted style some landscapes after Casanova, and about 1782 came to London, where he produced two oval plates of 'Pity' and 'Youth,' and two subjects from 'Evelina.' During the Revolution he returned to Paris and engraved several of Schall's designs for 'Les Amours de Psyche et de Cupidon,' published in 1791, and some illustrations after Monsiau to the poem 'La Mort d'Abel,' published in 1793. Colibert died in London in 1806. Context_6 : Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak (Bengali: গায়ত্রী চক্রবর্তী স্পিভাক , born 24 February 1942) is an Indian scholar, literary theorist, and feminist critic. She is University Professor at Columbia University, where she is a founding member of Institute for Comparative Literature and Society. Context_7 : Peter Milo Shane (born 1952) is a law professor and writer. His best-known scholarly work focuses mainly on two subjects. The first is separation of powers law, especially law and the presidency. His work often explores what he calls an institutional conception of the rule of law in a separation of powers regime. See, e.g., Peter M, Shane, "When Inter-branch Norms Break Down: Of Arms-for-Hostages, 'Orderly Shutdowns,' Presidential Impeachments, and Judicial 'Coups,' 12 Cornell Journal of Law and Public Policy 503 (2004). "Under Shane's antiformalist conception, the rule of law is sustained not only by formal legal rules, but perhaps most importantly, by informal norms and conventional behaviors designed to maintain interbranch accountability even when public officials could ignore formal rules with impunity. Peter M. Shane, "Madison's Nightmare: How Executive Power Threatens American Democracy" 116 (University of Chicago Press, 2009). Checks and balances in such a system likewise “depend on an assemblage of norms, cooperative arrangements, and informal coordination activities.” Id. Following political scientist Kenneth Shepsle, Shane thus calls the rule of law “an unstructured institution.” Id. at 117." Context_8 : A joint honours degree (also known as dual honours, double majors, or Two Subject Moderatorship) is a specific type of degree offered generally at the Honours Bachelor's degree level by certain universities in Ireland, the UK, Canada, Malta, and Australia. In a joint honours degree, two subjects are studied concurrently within the timeframe of one honours. Context_9 : The semantic feature comparison model is used "to derive predictions about categorization times in a situation where a subject must rapidly decide whether a test item is a member of a particular target category". In this semantic model, there is an assumption that certain occurrences are categorized using its features or attributes of the two subjects that represent the part and the group. A statement often used to explain this model is "a robin is a bird". The meaning of the words "robin" and "bird" are stored in the memory by virtue of a list of features which can be used to ultimately define their categories, although the extent of their association with a particular category varies. Context_10 : Rory Goes to Holyrood is a 2013 satirical documentary presented by Scottish impressionist and comedian Rory Bremner. Aired by BBC Two Scotland on 13 June 2013, the hour-long programme takes a satirical look at Scottish politics and the independence debate, two subjects that had largely seen an absence of humour up to that point. The film sees Bremner visit the Scottish Parliament and interview politicians and other senior public figures as he gets to grips with the issues of the Scottish political scene. Bremner recorded the programme after moving back to live in Scotland and realising he knew very little about the politics of that country. fact_1 :  His major research interests lie in the fields of Economics, Social Theory and Policy, and Women's Issues. fact_2 : Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak (Bengali: গায়ত্রী চক্রবর্তী স্পিভাক , born 24 February 1942) is an Indian scholar, literary theorist, and feminist critic. Answer: India
Output: What country are the two subjects originally from?