Context_1 : William Joseph Kennedy (born January 16, 1928) is an American writer and journalist born and raised in Albany, New York, the son of William J. Kennedy and to Mary E. McDonald. Kennedy was raised a Catholic. Many of his novels feature the interactions of members of the fictional Irish-American Phelan family and make use of incidents of Albany's history and the supernatural. Kennedy's works include "The Ink Truck" (1969), "Legs" (1975), "Billy Phelan's Greatest Game" (1978), "Ironweed" (1983, winner of the 1984 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction; movie, 1987), and "Roscoe" (2002). In 2011, he published "Changó's Beads and Two-Tone Shoes", which one reviewer called a book "written with such brio and encompassing humanity that it may well deserve to be called the best of the bunch". Context_2 : The Black Book ("Kara Kitap" in Turkish) is a novel by Turkish writer Orhan Pamuk. It was published in Turkish in 1990 and first translated by Güneli Gün and published in English in 1994. In 2006, it was translated into English again by Maureen Freely. Context_3 : Kemal Kerinçsiz (born February 20, 1960 in Edirne, Turkey) is a Turkish nationalist lawyer, famous for filing complaints against more than 40 Turkish journalists and authors (including Orhan Pamuk, Elif Şafak, and the late Hrant Dink) for "insulting Turkishness". He heads the "Büyük Hukukçular Birliği" ("Great Union of Jurists"), which is responsible for most Article 301 trials. Context_4 : The Museum of Innocence (Turkish: "Masumiyet Müzesi" ) is a museum in a 19th-century house in Istanbul created by novelist Orhan Pamuk as a companion to his novel "The Museum of Innocence". The museum and the novel were created in tandem, centred on the stories of two Istanbul families. On 17 May 2014, the museum was announced as the winner of the 2014 European Museum of the Year Award. Context_5 : Can Yayınları (English: "Life Publications") is a publishing company based in Istanbul, Turkey. It has published authors including Orhan Pamuk, Metin Kaçan and Hikmet Temel Akarsu. It publishes both fiction and non-fiction books. It is a member of the Turkish Publishers Association. Context_6 : My Name Is Red (Turkish: "Benim Adım Kırmızı" ) is a 1998 Turkish novel by writer Orhan Pamuk translated into English by Erdağ Göknar in 2001. Pamuk would later receive the 2006 Nobel Prize in Literature. The novel, concerning miniaturists in the Ottoman Empire of 1591, established Pamuk's international reputation and contributed to his Nobel Prize. The influences of Joyce, Kafka, Mann, Nabokov and Proust and above all Eco can be seen in Pamuk's work. Context_7 : Ferit Orhan Pamuk (generally known simply as Orhan Pamuk; born 7 June 1952) is a Turkish novelist, screenwriter, academic and recipient of the 2006 Nobel Prize in Literature. One of Turkey's most prominent novelists, his work has sold over thirteen million books in sixty-three languages, making him the country's best-selling writer. Context_8 : Mustafa Aydogan (born 1957) is a contemporary Kurdish writer and translator. He was born in the district of Kızıltepe in Mardin in southeastern Turkey and relocated to Sweden in 1985. He has translated works of renowned authors such as Jack London, Yaşar Kemal, Aziz Nesin and Orhan Pamuk into Kurdish. Context_9 : Murat Gülsoy (born 1967) is a Turkish writer. He started his literary career as a publisher and a writer of the bimonthly magazine "Hayalet Gemi" (Ghost Ship) in 1992. His works explore the metafictive potential of postmodern self-consciousness with ‘page turning’ plots. He also produced interactive hypertext works on internet exploring new ways of narrative. Gülsoy has published 18 books in Turkey so far. Besides short stories, he has eight novels addressing modern masters Kafka, Borges, Eco, Laurence Sterne, Fowles and Orhan Pamuk. He is the recipient of some of the most prestigious national literary awards. He conducts creative writing workshops since 2004. Besides being a writer, he is also a professor with Bogazici University at Institute of Biomedical Engineering. He is the head of the editorial board of Bogazici University Press and director of Bogazici University Nazım Hikmet Culture and Art Research Center. "Stehlen Sie dieses Buch" is his first book to be translated into German (Literaturca Verlag). His novels are published in English, Macedonian, Arabics, Bulgarian, Albanian and Chinese. His 2000 Sait Faik Award-winning book "Bu Kitabı Çalın" (Steal This Book) ironically "borrows" (or steals) its name from Abbie Hoffman's 1971 book "Steal This Book" and it is referred in the book as a postmodern parody. Context_10 : Münevver Andaç (died 1998) was a translator of Turkish literature. She was the partner of the poet Nazim Hikmet and had a son with him named Mehmet. She translated Hikmet's work into French, as she did for many other Turkish writers. She was also responsible for introducing Orhan Pamuk to the Francophone world. Pamuk has acknowledged Andaç's role in making his work available in French. fact_1 : Ferit Orhan Pamuk (generally known simply as Orhan Pamuk; born 7 June 1952) is a Turkish novelist, screenwriter, academic and recipient of the 2006 Nobel Prize in Literature. fact_2 : William Joseph Kennedy (born January 16, 1928) is an American writer and journalist born and raised in Albany, New York, the son of William J. Kennedy and to Mary E. McDonald. Answer: William Joseph Kennedy
Output: Who was born first Orhan Pamuk or William Kennedy?