Context_1 : "Hacksaw Ridge" is a 2016 biographical war film, directed by Mel Gibson and written by Andrew Knight and Robert Schenkkan. Starring Andrew Garfield, the film focuses on the World War II experiences of Desmond Doss, an American pacificist combat medic who was a Seventh-day Adventist Christian, refusing to carry or use a firearm or weapons of any kind. He became the first conscientious objector to be awarded the Medal of Honor, for service above and beyond the call of duty. It was released in the United States on November 4, 2016. The film was released to positive reviews, with a Rotten Tomatoes approval rating of 87%, based on 223 reviews, and an average rating of 7.2/10. Metacritic lists a score of 71 out of 100, based on 47 reviews. Context_2 : The Conscientious Objector is a 2004 documentary film about the life of Desmond Doss, a conscientious objector who received a Medal of Honor for service in World War Two. His religious faith, Seventh-day Adventism, did not permit him to carry a weapon. For his stance he at first faced opposition and sometimes persecution from commanding officers and ridicule from fellow soldiers, but ultimately won their admiration while demonstrating enormous courage and saving many lives as a combat medic. Context_3 : Johnson v. Robison, 415 U.S. 361 (1974) , was a case heard before the United States Supreme Court. The court held that the Veterans' Administrations' allocation of greater educational benefits to combat veterans than conscientious objectors was consistent with the United States Constitution. Robison, a conscientious objector, argued that such unequal benefits violated his 5th Amendment right to Equal Protection and his First Amendment right to free exercise of religion. The court rejected both arguments. Context_4 : Joshua Casteel (27 December 1979 – 25 August 2012) was a United States Army soldier, conscientious objector, playwright, and divinity student. He was born in Sioux Falls, South Dakota and raised in Cedar Rapids, Iowa in a Christian Evangelical family. Context_5 : Desmond Thomas Doss (February 7, 1919 – March 23, 2006) was a United States Army corporal who served as a combat medic with an infantry company in World War II. He distinguished himself in the Battle of Okinawa by saving 75 men, becoming the first conscientious objector to receive the Medal of Honor for actions above and beyond the call of duty. He is also the only conscientious objector to receive the medal during World War II and the only conscientious objector to receive the award who was not killed in action. For separate earlier acts of valor Doss was twice awarded the Bronze Star. Desmond Doss has been the subject of books, a documentary and the 2016 Hollywood blockbuster "Hacksaw Ridge". Context_6 : Witmer v. United States, 348 U.S. 375 (1955), was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States held a draft board's rejection of Jehovah's Witness claim of conscientious objector status as lacking sincerity. Context_7 : Walter Beach, III (born January 31, 1933) is a former American football player. As a safety, he played college football at the Central Michigan University, where he was inducted into the Hall of Fame in 1986. He also played professionally in the American Football League for the Boston Patriots in 1960 and 1961, and in the National Football League for the Cleveland Browns from 1962 through 1966. He was part of the Cleveland Browns team which won the NFL Championship in 1964.Beach was also part of a group of black athletes who publicly supported Muhammad Ali’s refusal to be inducted into the United States Army, as a conscientious objector to the Vietnam War. Context_8 : Clay v. United States, 403 U.S. 698 (1971) , was Muhammad Ali's appeal of his conviction in 1967 for refusing to report for induction into the United States military forces during the Vietnam War. His local draft board had rejected his application for conscientious objector classification. In a unanimous 8-0 ruling (Thurgood Marshall recused himself due to his previous involvement in the case as a Justice department official), the United States Supreme Court reversed the conviction that had been upheld by the Fifth Circuit. Context_9 : Parisi v. Davidson, 405 U.S. 34 (1972), was a United States Supreme Court case resulting in the grant of habeas corpus relief to a soldier, Joseph Parisi, seeking an honorable discharge as a conscientious objector. The case was argued on October 19 and 20, 1971, and decided on February 23, 1972. The respondent was then Major General Phillip B. Davidson. Context_10 : Thomas William Bennett (April 7, 1947 – February 11, 1969) was a U.S. Army medic and the second conscientious objector to receive the Medal of Honor (Desmond Doss, a medic in World War II, was the first). Bennett was killed in action during the Vietnam War and posthumously received the Medal of Honor. fact_1 : The Conscientious Objector is a 2004 documentary film about the life of Desmond Doss, a conscientious objector who received a Medal of Honor for service in World War Two. fact_2 : Desmond Thomas Doss (February 7, 1919 – March 23, 2006) was a United States Army corporal who served as a combat medic with an infantry company in World War II. Answer: Desmond Doss
Output: Which United States Army on which The Conscientious Objector was based was born on February 7, 1919?