Context_1 : Fire support is long-range firepower provided to a front-line military unit. Typically, fire support is provided by artillery or close air support (usually directed by a forward observer), and is used to shape the battlefield or, more optimistically, define the battle. Warships, for example, have long provided naval gunfire support. Artillery observers allow adjusting fire. Fire support has been used since the advent of cannons in warfare as artillery. Fire support, as an extension, is the marriage of artillery to the forces in contact. It is the direct ability to properly use artillery. It is distinct from direct fire, which is provided by the forces in contact. Context_2 : Agordat was a torpedo cruiser of the Italian "Regia Marina" built in the late 1890s. She was the lead ship of the "Agordat" class , which had one other member, "Coatit" . The ship, which was armed with twelve 76 mm guns and two 450 mm torpedo tubes, was too slow and short-ranged to be able to scout effectively for the fleet, so her career was limited. She saw action during the Italo-Turkish War in 1911–12, where she provided gunfire support to Italian troops in North Africa. She assisted in the occupation of Constantinople in the aftermath of World War I, and in 1919 she was reclassified as a gunboat. In January 1923, "Agordat" was sold for scrapping. Context_3 : The Italo-Turkish or Turco-Italian War (Turkish: "Trablusgarp Savaşı" , "Tripolitanian War"; also known in Italy as "Guerra di Libia", "Libyan War") was fought between the Kingdom of Italy and the Ottoman Empire from September 29, 1911, to October 18, 1912. As a result of this conflict, Italy captured the Ottoman Tripolitania Vilayet (province), of which the main sub-provinces ("sanjaks") were Fezzan, Cyrenaica, and Tripoli itself. These territories together formed what became known as Italian Libya. Context_4 : The United States naval gunfire support debate is an ongoing debate among the United States Navy, Marine Corps, Congress, and independent groups like the "United States Naval Gunfire Support Association" over what role naval gunfire support and naval surface fire support (NSFS) should play within the navy and how such a role can best be provided. At the heart of the issue is the role that naval gunfire support—the use of naval artillery to provide fire support for amphibious assault and other troops operating within their range—should play in the U.S. Navy of the 21st century. Context_5 : Naval gunfire support (NGFS) (also known as shore bombardment) is the use of naval artillery to provide fire support for amphibious assault and other troops operating within their range. NGFS is one of a number of disciplines encompassed by the term "Naval Fires". Modern naval gunfire support is one of the three main components of amphibious warfare assault operations support, along with aircraft and ship-launched land-attack missiles. Shipborne guns have been used against shore defences since the early days of naval warfare. Context_6 : Komintern was a Soviet light cruiser originally named "Pamiat' Merkuria" ("Memory of Mercury"), a "Bogatyr"-class protected cruiser built for the Imperial Russian Navy. She saw service during World War I in the Black Sea and survived the Russian Civil War, although heavily damaged. She was repaired by the Soviet Navy and put into service as a training cruiser. In 1941 she was reclassified as a minelayer and provided gunfire support and transported troops during the Siege of Odessa, Siege of Sevastopol, and the Kerch-Feodosiya Operation in the winter of 1941—42. She was damaged beyond repair at Poti by a German air attack on 16 July 1942. Afterwards she was disarmed and hulked. At some point she was towed to the mouth of the Khobi river and sunk there as a breakwater on 10 October 1942. Context_7 : Marco Polo was an armored cruiser built for the Royal Italian Navy ("Regia Marina") in the 1890s, the first of her type in Italian service. The ship spent the bulk of her career deployed in the Far East. Between deployments she participated in the Italo-Turkish War of 1911–12 during which she caused a diplomatic incident with the Austro-Hungarian Empire. After that affair "Marco Polo" was sent to Libya where she bombarded the towns of Homs, and Zuara and the defenses of the Dardanelles. In between these operations, the ship provided naval gunfire support to the Royal Italian Army in Libya. Due to her age, "Marco Polo" did not play a significant role in World War I, serving as an accommodation ship in Venice until she began conversion into a troopship in 1917. After a series of renamings in 1920–21, the ship was stricken from the naval register in 1922 and subsequently sold for scrap. Context_8 : The Banana Wars were the occupations, police actions, and interventions on the part of the United States in Central America and the Caribbean between the end of the Spanish–American War in 1898 and the inception of the Good Neighbor Policy in 1934. These military interventions were most often carried out by the United States Marine Corps, which developed a manual, "The Strategy and Tactics of Small Wars" (1921) based on its experiences. On occasion, the Navy provided gunfire support and Army troops were also used. Context_9 : Varese was a "Giuseppe Garibaldi"-class armored cruiser built for the Royal Italian Navy ("Regia Marina") in the 1890s. The ship made several deployments to the Eastern Mediterranean and the Levant before the start of the Italo-Turkish War of 1911–12. She supported ground forces in the occupations of Tripoli and Homs in Libya. "Varese" may have bombarded Beirut and did bombard the defenses of the Dardanelles during the war. She also provided naval gunfire support for the Italian Army in Libya. During World War I, the ship's activities were limited by the threat of Austro-Hungarian submarines and "Varese" became a training ship in 1920. She was struck from the naval register in 1923 and subsequently scrapped. Context_10 : Coatit was a torpedo cruiser of the Italian "Regia Marina" built in the late 1890s. She was the second and final member of the "Agordat" class . The ship, which was armed with twelve 76 mm guns and two 450 mm torpedo tubes, was too slow and short-ranged to be able to scout effectively for the fleet, so her career was limited. She saw action during the Italo-Turkish War in 1911–12, where she provided gunfire support to Italian troops in North Africa. She also caused a minor diplomatic incident from an attack on retreating Ottoman soldiers in Anatolia. "Coatit" was part of an international fleet sent to Constantinople when the city appeared to be at risk of falling to the Bulgarian Army during the First Balkan War. In 1919, she was converted into a minelayer and was sold for scrap in 1920. fact_1 :  She saw action during the Italo-Turkish War in 1911–12, where she provided gunfire support to Italian troops in North Africa. fact_2 : The Italo-Turkish or Turco-Italian War (Turkish: "Trablusgarp Savaşı" , "Tripolitanian War"; also known in Italy as "Guerra di Libia", "Libyan War") was fought between the Kingdom of Italy and the Ottoman Empire from September 29, 1911, to October 18, 1912. Answer: Kingdom of Italy and the Ottoman Empire
Output: Italian cruiser Agordat: provided gunfire support when which empire and kingdom fought?