Context_1 : Ira Stoll (born 1972) is editor of FutureOfCapitalism.com, a columnist for the Algemeiner and the Las Vegas Review-Journal, and he writes a syndicated column that also appears at "The New York Sun", Reason, and Newsmax. He was vice president and managing editor of the daily newspaper, "The New York Sun", which was published from 2002 to 2008. Previously, he served as Washington correspondent and managing editor of "The Forward" and as North American editor of the "Jerusalem Post". He is a graduate of Worcester Academy and Harvard University, where he graduated from in 1994 and served as president of the "Crimson". Context_2 : Cliff Taylor is the managing editor of "The Irish Times", where he has "a lead writing role with the newspaper and on digital platforms in areas ranging from business to politics." Context_3 : Leonard "Len" Downie Jr. (born May 1, 1942), the American journalist, was Executive Editor of "The Washington Post" from 1991 to 2008. He worked in the Post newsroom for 44 years as Executive Editor, Managing Editor, National Editor, London correspondent, Assistant Managing Editor for Metropolitan News, Deputy Metropolitan Editor, and as an award winning investigative and local reporter. Downie became Executive Editor upon the retirement of Ben Bradlee. During Downie's tenure as Executive Editor, The Washington Post won 25 Pulitzer Prizes, more than any other newspaper has won during the term of a single Executive Editor, including three Pulitzer Gold Medals for Public Service. Downie currently serves as Vice President At Large at the Washington Post Company, as Weil Family Professor of Journalism at the Walter Cronkite School of Journalism and Mass Communication at Arizona State University, and as a member of several advisory boards associated with journalism and public affairs. Context_4 : Martin Gottlieb is Assistant Managing Editor/Investigations of "Newsday". From 2012 to 2016, he was Editor of "The Record" of Bergen County, New Jersey. Previously, from 2008 to 2011, he was Global Editions Editor of the "New York Times"; in this capacity, he oversaw production of the "International Herald Tribune". Gottlieb also served as Associate Managing Editor, Deputy Culture Editor and National Project Editor of the "Times". Gottlieb was also Managing Editor of the "New York Daily News" and Editor-in-Chief of "The Village Voice". Context_5 : The Irish Times is an Irish daily broadsheet newspaper launched on 29 March 1859. The editor is Paul O'Neill who succeeded Kevin O'Sullivan in 2017; the deputy editor is Denis Staunton. "The Irish Times" is published every day except Sundays. It employs 420 people. Context_6 : Richard Brockway Stolley (born October 3, 1928) is an American journalist and magazine editor. He's most well known for his work at "Time" magazine, which he joined in 1953. He subsequently held a number of roles at the magazine including report, writer, bureau chief, senior editor and managing editor. In addition to his work at "Time", he has also been Assistant Managing Editor and Managing Editor of "Life" magazine, the founding Managing Editor of "People" magazine and Director of Special Projects for Time Inc Context_7 : Philip Bennett is an American journalist and professor of journalism and public policy at Duke University. Bennett began his career at "The Lima Times" in Peru before joining the staffs of "The Boston Globe" (1984–1997) and "The Washington Post" (1997–2009). He was managing editor at "The Post" from 2005 to 2009, a period during which the newspaper won 10 Pulitzer Prizes. He was previously deputy national editor of national security, defense and foreign policy coverage, and assistant managing editor for foreign news at "The Post". At "The Boston Globe", he was a foreign correspondent, metropolitan reporter, assistant editor of Metro news, and finally foreign editor. Currently, he is the Eugene C. Patterson Professor and director of the DeWitt Wallace Center for Media and Democracy at Duke University's Sanford School of Public Policy. Context_8 : William Pickford ("Bill") Steven (September 10, 1908 – August 6, 1991) was a noted American newspaper executive. A native of Eau Claire, Wisconsin, he graduated from the University of Wisconsin with a degree in journalism. In 1930, he became a reporter for the "Tulsa Tribune", where he was promoted to managing editor in 1937. During World War II, he moved to Washington, D.C. and worked in the press division of the Office of Censorship. After the War, he joined the "Minneapolis Star-Tribune" as managing editor. He was later appointed executive editor and vice president. In 1961, he became editor of the "Houston Chronicle". After leaving Houston, he became vice president and editorial director of the World Book Encyclopedia Science Service and vice president of The Chicago Daily News and Sun-Times. Steven retired to Sarasota, Florida, where he and his wife lived until his death on August 6, 1991. Context_9 : Jonathan I. Landman is an American journalist and deputy managing editor at "The New York Times". Landman became deputy managing editor responsible for digital journalism for "The Times" in August 2005. He had become assistant managing editor and member of "The Times" masthead in May 2005. Prior to that, Landman had been acting culture editor from 2004 to 2005. Previously, he was the assistant managing editor for enterprise from 2003 to 2004. Landman had been metropolitan editor of "The Times" since 1999 and editor of "The Times"<nowiki>'</nowiki> Week in Review section since 1994. Before that, he served as deputy editor of the Washington bureau since 1992; assistant editor in Washington from 1991; assistant metropolitan editor from 1990 and assistant national editor from 1989. Landman joined "The Times" as a copy editor in 1987. Context_10 : James R. Gaines (born August 11, 1947) is a journalist and historian who between 2011 and 2015 was at Reuters in various capacities: as global editor-at-large, as editor in charge of the Americas, as editor in charge of global photography and as global editor for ethics and standards. He spent most of his career at Time Inc., where he was the managing editor of "People, Life" and "Time" magazines, then corporate editor of Time Inc.. Between Time Inc. and Reuters, he was a consultant on magazine startups, acquisitions and digital initiatives for publishers including Conde Nast International and American Express Publishing. In 2007 he became the editor-in-chief of FLYP, a biweekly multimedia publication online that produced interactive material for the web sites of "Fortune, Sports Illustrated, Entertainment Weekly, Scientific American" and ProPublica. He also served briefly as managing editor of The Daily, News Corp.’s “newspaper” for tablets. fact_1 : Cliff Taylor is the managing editor of "The Irish Times", where he has "a lead writing role with the newspaper and on digital platforms in areas ranging from business to politics." fact_2 : The Irish Times is an Irish daily broadsheet newspaper launched on 29 March 1859. Answer: 1859
Output: Cliff Taylor is the managing editor of a newspaper that launched in which year ?