Context_1 : Man's Hope (French: L'Espoir ) is a 1937 novel by André Malraux based upon his experiences in the Spanish Civil War. It was translated into English and published during 1938 as "Man's Hope". It deals with the Battle of Teruel. Context_2 : The final offensive of the Spanish Civil War took place between 26 March and 1 April 1939, towards the end of the Spanish Civil War. On 5 March 1939, the Republican Army led by Colonel Segismundo Casado and the politician Julián Besteiro rose against the Socialist prime minister Juan Negrín and formed a military junta, the National Defence Council ("Consejo Nacional de Defensa" or "CND") in order to negotiate a peace deal. Negrín fled to France but the Communist troops around Madrid rose against the junta, starting a civil war within the civil war. Casado defeated them and started peace negotiations with the Nationalists. Francisco Franco, however, was prepared to accept only an unconditional surrender. On 26 March the Nationalists started a general offensive and by 31 March they controlled all Spanish territory. Hundreds of thousands of Republicans were arrested and interned in concentration camps. Context_3 : Mariano Gámir Ulíbarri (1877–1962) was a Spanish general who fought on the Republican side during the Spanish Civil War (1936–39). Context_4 : Pavel Yeliseyevich Agafonov (Russian: Павел Елисеевич Агафонов;1907-?) was a Soviet military pilot who flew during the Spanish Civil War. He was under the command of Pavel Rychagov. During the Spanish Civil War, he used the pseudonyms "Akhmed Amba" and "Pedro Jimenez". For his service in the Spanish Civil War he was awarded two Orders of the Red Banner. Agafonov claimed eight victories during the war. Context_5 : Nicola Chiaromonte (1905 in Rapolla, Potenza – 18 June 1972 in Rome) was an Italian activist and author. In 1934 he fled Italy for France, after opposing Benito Mussolini's fascist government. During the Spanish Civil War, he flew in André Malraux's squadron, fighting against fascist supported General Francisco Franco. The character of Scali in Malraux's novel "Man's Hope" is based on Chiaromonte. After moving to New York in 1941, he took on an important role in the leftist anti-Stalinist intellectual scene of the period, writing for "The Nation", "The New Republic", "politics" and "Partisan Review". During the Cold War, he helped found, and served as editor, for the Italian journal "Tempo Presente", which was published by the Congress for Cultural Freedom (an organization with silent backing of the Central Intelligence Agency). Mary McCarthy was a close friend during his time in US. A foreword to the 1985 edition of Chiaramonte's book of essays "The Paradox of History" (1970) was written by Joseph Frank, a noted Dostoyevsky scholar. Context_6 : Alfredo Kindelán y Duany, 1st Marquess of Kindelán (13 March 1879, in Santiago de Cuba – 14 December 1962, in Madrid) was a Spanish general and politician. A close ally of Francisco Franco before and during the Spanish Civil War, their relationship would later become strained as Kindelán emerged as a leading advocate for a swift restoration of the monarchy. He belonged to the Kindelán family, a noted Spanish family of Irish origin. Context_7 : The Palafox Battalion was a volunteer unit of largely Polish and Spanish composition in the International Brigades during the Spanish Civil War. It was named after José de Palafox, a Spanish general who successfully fought French Napoleonic forces during the Peninsular War. Context_8 : José Solchaga Zala (1881, Aberin, Navarre - 1953) was a Spanish general who fought for the Nationalists in the Spanish Civil War. Context_9 : Angela Jackson, (born 1946) is a Doctor in history. The doctoral thesis of Angela Jackson, "British Women and the Spanish Civil War" was published the 2002 for the publisher Routledge of London. Next Jackson wrote "Further of the field of battle: Witness, memory and record of one hatches hospital in the Spanish Civil War", in the Catalan language and in English. Based on this research, in the year 2007 she published her next novel, "Warm Earth". Jackson currently lives in Priorat, where she continues to be involved in the conservation of the historical memory of the war, especially the historical facts and the memory of the period of the Second Spanish Republic and the Spanish Civil War (1931–39) in the region of Priorat. Jackson's second book with Cossetània is "The Brigades strictly between ourselves". Context_10 : Francisco Franco Bahamonde (] ; 4 December 1892 – 20 November 1975) was a Spanish general who ruled over Spain as a military dictator from 1939 until his death in 1975. fact_1 :  During the Spanish Civil War, he flew in André Malraux's squadron, fighting against fascist supported General Francisco Franco. fact_2 : Francisco Franco Bahamonde (] ; 4 December 1892 – 20 November 1975) was a Spanish general who ruled over Spain as a military dictator from 1939 until his death in 1975. Answer: Francisco Franco
Output: Nicola Chiaromonte, was an Italian activist and author, during the Spanish Civil War, he flew in André Malrauxs squadron, fighting against which fascist supported Spanish General?