Context_1 : The bell pepper (also known as sweet pepper or pepper in the United Kingdom, Canada and Ireland, and capsicum in Australia, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Singapore and New Zealand) is a cultivar group of the species "Capsicum annuum". Cultivars of the plant produce fruits in different colors, including red, yellow, orange, green, chocolate/brown, vanilla/white, and purple. Bell peppers are sometimes grouped with less pungent pepper varieties as "sweet peppers". The whitish ribs and seeds inside bell peppers may be consumed, but some people find the taste to be bitter. Context_2 : Capsicum annuum" var. "glabriusculum is a variety of "Capsicum annuum" that is native to southern North America and northern South America. Common names include chiltepin, Indian pepper, chiltepe, and chile tepin, as well as turkey, bird’s eye, or simply bird peppers, due to their consumption and spread by wild birds. "Tepin" is derived from a Nahuatl word meaning "flea". This variety is the most likely progenitor of the domesticated "C. annuum" var. "annuum". Another similar-sized pepper 'Pequin' (also called 'Piquin') is often confused, the Tepin fruit is round to oval and the Pequin is oval with a point, and the leaves, stems and plant structure are very different on each plant. Context_3 : Capsicum chinense, commonly known as the "bonnet pepper" is a species of chili pepper native to the Americas. "C. chinense" varieties are well known for their exceptional heat and unique flavors. The hottest peppers in the world are members of this species, with Scoville Heat Unit scores of over 1.5 million. Some taxonomists consider them to be part of the species "C. annuum," and they are a member of the "C. annuum" complex. "C. annuum" and "C. chinense" pepper plants can generally be identified by the number of flowers or fruit per node, however—one for "C. annuum" and two to five for "C. chinense," though this method is not always correct. The two species can also hybridize and generate inter-specific hybrids. It is believed that "C. frutescens" is the ancestor to the "C. chinense" species. Context_4 : The jalapeño ( , , , ] ) is a medium-sized chili pepper pod type cultivar of the species "Capsicum annuum". A mature jalapeño fruit is 5 - long and hangs down with a round, firm, smooth flesh of 25 - wide. Depending on cultivar, it can have a wide range of pungency, with Scoville heat units of a few thousand to as high as 462,884 (Chiltepín cultivar). Commonly picked and consumed while still green, it is occasionally allowed to fully ripen and turn red, orange, or yellow. It is wider and generally milder than the similar Serrano pepper. The Chile Pepper Institute is known for developing colored variations. Context_5 : The fish pepper is a pepper cultivar of the species "Capsicum annuum". Originating in the Caribbean, it is believed that the fish pepper was brought to the U.S. in the 19th century, where it grew in popularity in the Mid-Atlantic (particularly in Baltimore and in Philadelphia). In these cities, the pepper became a popular ingredient in seafood, and was commonly used in many crab and oyster houses (hence the name "fish pepper"). Fish peppers gradually declined in popularity beginning in the early 20th century; however, in recent years the fish pepper has regained some of its original popularity, with some Mid-Atlantic restaurants using it today. Context_6 : Capsicum frutescens is a species of chili pepper that is sometimes considered to be part of the species "Capsicum annuum". Pepper cultivars of "Capsicum frutescens" can be annual or short-lived perennial plants. Flowers are white with a greenish white or greenish yellow corolla, and are either insect- or self-pollinated. The plants' berries typically grow erect; ellipsoid-conical to lanceoloid shaped. They are usually very small and pungent, growing 10 – long and 3 – in diameter. Fruit typically grows a pale yellow and matures to a bright red, but can also be other colors. "C. frutescens" has a smaller variety of shapes compared to other "Capsicum" species, likely because of the lack of human selection. More recently, however, "C. frutescens" has been bred to produce ornamental strains, because of its large quantities of erect peppers growing in colorful ripening patterns. Context_7 : The peter pepper, "Capsicum annuum var. annuum", is an heirloom chili pepper that is best known for its unusual shape. It is a type of "Capsicum annuum", though it is not officially recognized as a cultivar of the species. It occurs in red and yellow varieties. The pepper is considered very rare, and its origin is unknown. Context_8 : Capsicum annuum is a species of the plant genus "Capsicum" native to southern North America and northern South America. This species is the most common and extensively cultivated of the five domesticated capsicums. The species encompasses a wide variety of shapes and sizes of peppers, both mild and hot, such as bell peppers, jalapeños, and cayenne peppers. Cultivars are descended from the wild American bird pepper still found in warmer regions of the Americas. In the past some woody forms of this species have been called "C. frutescens", but the features that were used to distinguish those forms appear in many populations of "C. annuum" and it is not a consistently recognizable feature in "C. frutescens" species. Moreover, crosses between C.annuum and C. frutescens aren't likely because seeds obtained from polliations between those two species (if the embryo survives) will not germinate. Context_9 : Bird's eye chili, bird eye chili, bird's chili, chile de arbol, or Thai chili is a chili pepper, a cultivar from the species "Capsicum annuum", commonly found in Ethiopia and Southeast Asia. It is often confused with a similar-looking chili derived from the species "Capsicum frutescens", the cultivar "siling labuyo". Capsicum frutescens are generally smaller and characteristically point to the sky. Bird's eye chili can also be found in India, particularly in Mizoram, Meghalaya, Assam, and Kerala. It is used in traditional dishes of the Kerala cuisine. This cultivar is also found in rural areas of Sri Lanka (known as කොච්චි (kōcci) ), where it is used as a substitute for green chilis. It is also a main ingredient in "kochchi sambal", a salad made using freshly scraped coconut ground with bird's eye chilis and seasoned with salt and lime juice. It is used extensively in Thai, Malaysian, Singaporean, Lao, Khmer, Indonesian, and Vietnamese cuisine. Context_10 : The 2008 United States salmonellosis outbreak was an outbreak of salmonellosis across multiple U.S. states due to "Salmonella enterica" serovar Saintpaul. Over the course of the outbreak, 1442 cases were identified across 43 U.S. states, the District of Columbia, and Canada. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) investigation determined that jalapeño peppers imported from Mexico as well as Serrano peppers were major sources of the outbreak. Tomatoes may have been a source as well. The outbreak lasted from April to August, 2008. fact_1 :  The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) investigation determined that jalapeño peppers imported from Mexico as well as Serrano peppers were major sources of the outbreak. fact_2 : The jalapeño ( , , , ] ) is a medium-sized chili pepper pod type cultivar of the species "Capsicum annuum". Answer: The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) investigation determined that jalapeño peppers imported from Mexico as well as Serrano peppers were major sources of the outbreak.
Output: Which pepper was a major source of the salmonella outbreak in 2008 and comes from the Capsicum annuum species?