Context_1 : An international joint venture (IJV) occurs when two businesses based in two or more countries form a partnership. A company that wants to explore international trade without taking on the full responsibilities of cross-border business transactions has the option of forming a joint venture with a foreign partner. International investors entering into a joint venture minimize the risk that comes with an outright acquisition of a business. In international business development, performing due diligence on the foreign country and the partner limits the risks involved in such a business transaction. Context_2 : Cargolux Italia S.p.A. is an Italian cargo airline, set up as a joint venture between various Italian investors and Cargolux. Its head office is located at Vizzola Ticino and its hub is Milan-Malpensa Airport. The airline was established in December 2008 and commenced operations in June 2009. Context_3 : The Pacific Birds Habitat Joint Venture (PBHJV), previously Pacific Coast Joint Venture is a partnership established in 1991 between governments, organizations, and conservation groups along the Pacific Coast of the United States and Canada, established to protect and enhance wetlands important to migratory birds, within the framework of the North American Waterfowl Management Plan (NAWMP). Participants include the provincial government of British Columbia in Canada, and the state governments of Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon and Washington in the United States. The venture's scope covers an area from San Francisco Bay to Alaska, west of the Coast Mountains, and it was the first joint venture of the NAWMP to have an international scope. Context_4 : Lionair was a Luxembourg-based passenger airline that operated from 1988 to 1990 as a joint venture of Cargolux and Luxair. Context_5 : The Tiwest Joint Venture was a joint venture between Tronox Western Australia Pty Ltd and subsidiaries of Exxaro Australia Sands Pty Ltd. The Tiwest Joint Venture was a mining and processing company, established in 1988, to extract ilmenite, rutile, leucoxene and zircon from a mineral sands deposit at Cooljarloo, 14 km north of Cataby, Western Australia. As of June 2012, the joint venture was formally dissolved, when Tronox acquired the mineral-sands-related divisions of Exxaro outright. Context_6 : Cargolux, legally "Cargolux Airlines International S.A.", is a cargo airline with its head office and home base at Luxembourg Findel Airport in Sandweiler, Luxembourg. It is one of the largest scheduled all-cargo airlines in Europe with a global network. Charter flights and third party maintenance are also operated. Context_7 : Joint venture brokers are people who connect business joint venture partners together for profit making projects. The joint venture brokers will earn a pre-negotiated percentage of the profits earned from the joint venture that they helped put together. Context_8 : The Canadian Intermountain Joint Venture (CIJV) is a partnership of "government agencies, Aboriginal groups, nongovernmental organizations, industry, universities and landowners" for the implementation of the North American Waterfowl Management Plan in the inter-mountain areas of south and central British Columbia in Canada, and the south-western mountain region of Alberta. Its region of operation includes "all the mountain national parks", with boundaries delineated by the border with the United States to the south, the eastern crest of the Rocky Mountains to the east, the crest of the Coast Mountains to the west, and the boreal forest to the north. It is adjacent to the Intermountain West Joint Venture to the south, the Pacific Coast Joint Venture to the west, and the Prairie Habitat Joint Venture to the east. Context_9 : Kinetic Honda was a joint venture between Kinetic Engineering Limited, India and Honda Motor Company, Japan. Kinetic was the first company to have a joint venture with HMSI . The JV operated during 1984 - 1998, manufacturing two-stroke scooters in India. In 1998, the joint venture was terminated after which Kinetic Engineering continued to sell the models under the brand name "Kinetic" until 2008 when the interests were sold to Mahindra. Context_10 : CASL was founded in 1995 as a joint venture among Air China Group (via CNAC(G)), British Airways, Hutchison Whampoa (China), and United Airlines. Since the 2005, it has been a joint venture among Air China Group (40%), Hutchison Whampoa China (20%), United Airlines (20%), and China Airlines (20%). China Airlines acquired 13.33% stake from CNAC(G) in 2005 (which was acquired from British Airways in 2003) and 6.67% from Hutchison Whampoa China. Since 2015, Hutchison Whampoa China became a wholly owned subsidiary of CK Hutchison Holdings. fact_1 : Lionair was a Luxembourg-based passenger airline that operated from 1988 to 1990 as a joint venture of Cargolux and Luxair. fact_2 : Cargolux, legally "Cargolux Airlines International S.A.", is a cargo airline with its head office and home base at Luxembourg Findel Airport in Sandweiler, Luxembourg. Question: Cargolux, legally "Cargolux Airlines International S.A.", operated as a joint venture in 1988 to 1990 with who?
Output: Luxair