Context_1 : Miranda July (born Miranda Jennifer Grossinger; February 15, 1974) is an American film director, screenwriter, actor, author and artist. Her body of work includes film, fiction, monologue, digital media presentations, and live performance art. She wrote, directed and starred in the films "Me and You and Everyone We Know" (2005) and "The Future" (2011). Her most recent book - and debut novel - "The First Bad Man", was published in January 2015. July was a recipient of a Creative Capital Emerging Fields Award. Context_2 : Graffiti has long been a part of the social fabric in urban society. Despite the occasional pieces which may be deemed as street art, most instances of graffiti are often simplistic tags which offer disputed aesthetic benefits. Therefore, most governments have seen graffiti as detrimental, and have outlawed the practice. However, due to most instances of graffiti occurring in public spaces, local governments are responsible for graffiti removal in order to maintain the beautification of their local shire, council or city. Context_3 : The Surfing Madonna is a 10 x mosaic of the Virgen de Guadalupe created by artist Mark Patterson. It was covertly installed in Encinitas, California by Patterson and his friend Bob Nichols, who posed as construction worker during the installation. The city declared that the painting was to be considered graffiti because of the illegality of its installation. Patterson came forward to accept responsibility for it, and was fined $500 and ordered to pay approximately $6,000 for the art's removal. It was removed in 90 minutes, and Patterson was allowed to keep the art. Context_4 : ORFN (born Aaron Curry, 1974 – December 7, 2016) was an American artist and reportedly "one of the most prolific graffiti writers in San Francisco Bay Area history." He was actively writing graffiti and making art in the Bay Area for over 25 years. ORFN commonly used many alternate monikers, including Sad Jose, Helldiver, Muddguts, Chainsaw, Phantasmagoria, Hungry Waif, and Very Viva Scout. He first gained notoriety for the sheer number of San Francisco “bus-flow” style tags he placed across the Bay Area, most of which were dated with the year in which they were done. However, his work evolved to include straightforward patterns and tone combinations that often featured smiling faces, sad children, cobwebs, skulls and other spooky imagery executed in a lo-fidelity, accessible, and playful manner. ORFN's work has drawn comparisons to that of Jean-Michel Basquiat, but unlike Basquiat, ORFN's work was very rarely included in formal displays. ORFN was a member of a number of graffiti crews, including US (Under Shadows), BKF (Big Kid Fun), DFW (Down for Whatever), 640, and BTM (Big Time Mob). Context_5 : The Subconscious Art of Graffiti Removal (USA, 2001, 16 min) is an experimental documentary directed by filmmaker Matt McCormick and narrated by Miranda July based on original ideas and concepts of Avalon Kalin, that makes the tongue-in-cheek argument that municipal efforts by Portland, Oregon to mask and erase graffiti is an important new movement in modern art stemming from the repressed artistic desires of city workers. The film screened at such venues as the Sundance Film Festival and the Museum of Modern Art and received both critical and popular acclaim. Context_6 : Dr. Love (born in 1985 as Bacha Khoperia) is a Georgian street/graffiti artist based in Tbilisi, Georgia. Dr. Love mostly creates multi-layer, full color graffiti, textual murals and street installations, basing his motives on pop-cultural references of humor or critical context. Most of his graffiti paintings are in Tbilisi and so far he is the author of the biggest graffiti in Georgia, that is located in Batumi. Dr. Love participated in "Upfest", Europe's largest street art festival in the United Kingdom where his graffiti painting now occupies one of Bristol's walls. He was also present at the "Global street art show" held in Germany. His first ever graffiti was dedicated to Irakli Charkviani. Besides being graffiti artist he is a programmer and musician. Context_7 : Noe "Such" Baez, otherwise known as Such Styles, born 1968 and raised in Phoenix, Arizona, Such's Graffiti writing career officially began in 1983 after reading Craig Castleman’s book "Getting Up". Intrigued by the extreme efforts and sacrifices that graffiti writers made for their art form, Such tried his hand at creating his own graphic identity. His initial canvasses were the walls which soon graduated to the freight cars that ran through Arizona, thus bringing forth the Graffiti Art culture to America's West. Context_8 : Roger Gastman (born 1977) is an American curator, author, filmmaker and publisher. He is a graffiti and street art expert, brand consultant, and cultural entrepreneur. He was born in Canton, Ohio and grew up in Bethesda, Maryland, where he launched While You Were Sleeping Magazine in 1997 at the age of 19. In 2001, Gastman published "Free Agents: A History of Washington, DC Graffiti" on Soft Skull Press. It was the first of his 60 books to date on the subject, including The History of American Graffiti (HarperCollins), which PBS states "comprehensively documents the evolution of this often controversial art movement across the United States." Context_9 : Alicia McCarthy is an American painter. She is a member of San Francisco's Mission School art movement. Her work is considered to have Naïve or Folk character, and often uses unconventional media like housepaint, graphite, or other found materials. "The Mission School" was composed of five artists all born in the late 1960's and living and working in the 1990's in San Francisco's Mission District when it was still a low-rent neighborhood. The artists bonded over punk music, skateboarding, graffiti, queer politics and zine publishing —and they shared an appreciation for funky cartooning, offbeat social satire, quirky abstraction, folk art and old-fashioned graphic styles. Combining craft/folk art and urban street and graffiti culture, Alicia McCarthy and this Mission School group of artists, cultivated an art style that prized the handmade in an increasingly technologized society. McCarthy's art featured punk messages transformed into poetic and geometric forms. Context_10 : Temper is an English graffiti artist. He is most prolific in the advancement of spray paint photorealism in the United Kingdom. He was the first graffiti artist to create a conceptual collection on canvas and revolutionalised portraiture in popular culture globally with his "The Good Die Young" concept and collection in 2002. His groundbreaking 2001 exhibition "Minuteman" was the first by a solo graffiti artist in a public art gallery held at Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery in the United Kingdom and broke attendance records for ethnic minority audience. In 2001 he had his own signature can design on millions of Sprite cans throughout the UK and parts of Europe. During his twenty-two year professional career he has a record of 16 consecutive sellout collections. fact_1 : The Subconscious Art of Graffiti Removal (USA, 2001, 16 min) is an experimental documentary directed by filmmaker Matt McCormick and narrated by Miranda July based on original ideas and concepts of Avalon Kalin, that makes the tongue-in-cheek argument that municipal efforts by Portland, Oregon to mask and erase graffiti is an important new movement in modern art stemming from the repressed artistic desires of city workers. fact_2 : Miranda July (born Miranda Jennifer Grossinger; February 15, 1974) is an American film director, screenwriter, actor, author and artist. Question: In what year was the narrator of "The Subconscious Art of Graffiti Removal" born?
Output: 1974