Context_1 : "Journaille " is a German pejorative term used to refer to tabloid journalism and the yellow press. The term is a neologism from the early 20th century, formed from the word journalism and the French loan-word "kanaille" ("canaille"), meaning scum, scoundrel or rabble. The term was introduced by the Austrian writer Karl Kraus in an article in his journal "Die Fackel" in 1902. In a later article in the same journal, Kraus wrote that the original inventor of the term was the Austrian dramaturge Alfred von Berger. The pejorative term was much used by the German Nazi Party in their attacks on the press of the Weimar Republic. Unlike many other terms used by the Nazis, the word "journaille " is still used in present-day Germany, and has also established itself in the political parlance of the Netherlands and Flanders. Context_2 : Louisa Medina (c.1813-1838), also known as Louisa Honore de Medina, Louisa Medina Hamblin, and the nickname Louisine, was a playwright and literary figure in New York City between the years 1833 and her death. She wrote poems, short stories, and approximately 34 melodramas of which only 11 remain extant. She is mostly known for adapting dramatic versions of Edward Bulwer-Lytton's"Last Days of Pompeii" (1835) and "Ernest Maltravers" (1838), and Robert Montgomery Bird's"Nick of the Woods" (1838), among others. In an era when successful plays typically ran 3-4 nights, "Last Days of Pompeii" set a record by running for twenty-nine days. This was the earliest known example of a "long run" for a play, a technique which became regularly used by Thomas Hamblin. Medina is also accredited as the first women in American Theatre to earn her living exclusively as a dramatist. Louisa Medina's progressive inclinations concerning her education and self-reliance marks her as an indicator of the rise of First-Wave Feminism in America. Context_3 : Jacques Bouveresse (] ; born August 20, 1940) is a philosopher who has written on subjects including Ludwig Wittgenstein, Robert Musil, Karl Kraus, philosophy of science, epistemology, philosophy of mathematics and analytical philosophy. Bouveresse has been called "an "avis rara" among the better known French philosophers in his championing of critical standards of thought." Context_4 : Karl Kraus (21 March 1938 – 9 June 1988) was a German theoretical physicist who made major contributions to the foundations of quantum physics. Context_5 : Edward Timms OBE, FBA is Research Professor and a former director of the Centre for German-Jewish Studies at University of Sussex. He is an internationally acknowledged eminent scholar, and his work is mostly focused on Karl Kraus and Freud. He is also a Life Fellow of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge Context_6 : "The Bard" is an episode of the American television anthology series "The Twilight Zone". It was the final episode of "The Twilight Zone" to be one hour long. A direct satire of the American television industry, the episode concerns an inept screenwriter who, through the use of black magic, employs William Shakespeare as his ghostwriter. Context_7 : Oswald Jonas (January 10, 1897 – March 19, 1978) was a music theorist and musicologist and student of Heinrich Schenker. Despite Schenker's conservative nationalist views Jonas was an admirer of Karl Kraus. Context_8 : The Last Days of Mankind (German: "Die letzten Tage der Menschheit" ) is a satirical play by Karl Kraus. It is considered one of the most important Kraus works. Context_9 : Karl Kraus (April 28, 1874 – June 12, 1936) was an Austrian writer and journalist, known as a satirist, essayist, aphorist, playwright and poet. He directed his satire at the press, German culture, and German and Austrian politics. The Austrian author Stefan Zweig once called Kraus "the master of venomous ridicule" ("der Meister des giftigen Spotts"). Context_10 : Franz Schuh (born March 15, 1947) is an Austrian novelist, literary critic and, above all, essayist in the tradition of Karl Kraus and Alfred Polgar. Schuh was born, and lives, in Vienna, where, just like his predecessors, he prefers to write in one of the traditional coffeehouses. fact_1 : The Last Days of Mankind (German: "Die letzten Tage der Menschheit" ) is a satirical play by Karl Kraus. fact_2 :  He directed his satire at the press, German culture, and German and Austrian politics. Question: Karl Kraus wrote The Last Days of Mankind to direct satire at what?
Output: the press, German culture, and German and Austrian politics.