niryuu/sni-each-converted huggingface dataset:
Nonmetals, on the right side of the periodic table, have lower average densities, melting points, boiling points, and conductivities than metals.
Output: In a comparison of metals to nonmetals, metals tend to have greater conductivity and higher melting points than nonmetals.
About 20 percent of the world's population lack access to safe drinking water, and 50 percent have no access to a sanitation system.
Output: At least 20 percent of the world’s people do not have a ready supply of clean drinking water.
Pedigrees use a standardized set of symbols, squares represent males and circles represent females.
Output: In a pedigree chart the squares shape symbolizes males.
At the time of cell division a structure known as the phragmoplast appears across the center of the cell.
Output: Cells in green algae divide along cell plates called phragmoplasts.
This is the water cycle and it just keeps repeating.
Output: The water cycle ends with it repeats itself.
He observed that flowers that are pollinated by the wind have little color, yet flowers that need to attract insects for pollination have brightly colored petals and sweet nectar.
Output: Flowers pollinated by wind generally lack brightly colored parts.
A spring is any natural situation where water flows from an aquifer to the earth's surface.
Output: You call water that flows out of the ground where an aquifer meets the surface a(n) spring.
5.1 Describe the effects of common forces (pushes and pulls) on objects, such as those caused by gravity, magnetism, and mechanical forces.
Output: Gravity and magnetism are both common forces.
The Chicago Reporter , June 1999 &quot; Getting a jump on good health ,&quot; looks at how schools are trying to modify physical education curricula to more effectively help kids establish regular exercise habits.
Output: Exercising regularly is a good health habit.
Method of heat transfer conduction (transfer from molecule to molecule through the material) radiation (transfer from electromagnetic radiation of a body due to the vibration of its molecules convection (transfer through movement of mass ) 5.
Output: Heat transfer by conduction occurs molecules collide with other molecules.
Air (atmospheric) pressure at any location is the pressure exerted by the weight of the air overlying that site.
Output: At the earth’s surface, the air pressure exerted on you is a result of the weight of air above you.
Despite these difficulties, the human visual system can reconstruct the original shape of the object in three dimensions.
Output: Humans can see in three dimensions.
Animals also eliminate waste nitrogen as urea in the urea cycle.
Output: Animals can transport the waste material known as urea in the circulatory system and store it safely at high concentrations.
It is assumed that prokaryotic cells arising from a single colony are genetically identical since they reproduce via binary fission (a form of asexual reproduction).
Output: Prokaryotic organisms reproduce asexually through binary fission.
According to the kinetic theory of gases, the temperature of a gas is just a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in that gas.
Output: In physics, temperature is defined as the average kinetic energy of the particles in an object?
False, there are two main kinds of diabetes, Type I and Type II.
Output: There are two different main types of diabetes.
Placental mammals give birth to a relatively large and mature fetus.
Output: Placental mammals give birth to relatively large fetuses.
The leaf has veins in it that allow for the transport of water, nutrients and sugars through the rest of the plant.
Output: Leaves export sugar to roots and other nonphotosynthetic parts of the plant through the veins.
Introduction The skeletal system consists of bones and their associated connective tissues-- tendons, ligaments, and cartilage..
Output: Bones, cartilage, and ligaments make up the skeletal system.
Lyme  Disease is caused by a bacterium that's transmitted by tick bite, but many infected people don't remember a bite.
Output: Lyme disease is caused by bacteria.
A eukaryote ( ) is any organism whose cells contain a nucleus and other organelles enclosed within membranes.
Output: Along with other organelles, all eukaryotic cells possess nucleus.
B, Hyderabad, India) Fermat principle This java applet let you visualize &quot;the path of a ray of light between two points is the path that minimizes the travel time&quot; (known as Fermat principle).
Output: Fermat’s principle states that light will always take the path of the least amount of time.
To understand rainbows you have to start by understanding what is happening inside a prism to let it separate white light into its colors.
Output: A prism helps people understand what makes up white light.
LATENCY The state of apparent inactivity during which time the herpes virus genetic material lies sleeping in a cell without producing virus-specific biochemical changes or evidence of reproduction or illness;
Output: After infecting a host, some viruses enter the inactive state of latency.
The brain is divided into the right and left hemisphere and each hemisphere is divided into 4 lobes called the frontal, temporal, occipital and parietal lobes.
Output: Each hemisphere of the cerebrum divided into 4 lobes.
If a child inherits brown-eye genes from one parent, and blue-eye genes from the other parent, then the child will have brown eyes.
Output: Children can inherit brown eyes from their parents.
The endocrine system is a complex network of glands and hormones that regulates many of the body's functions, including growth, development and maturation, as well as the way various organs operate.
Output: The endocrine system produces most of the hormones that regulate body functions.
Sandy soils have comparatively large particles that permit good aeration, quick passage of water, and quick warming.
Output: This statement best describes sandy soils: sandy soils allow water to drain quickly.
Air masses are considered maritime if they originate over the ocean and continental if they develop over land.
Output: If an air mass forms over an ocean it is called a maritime air mass.
Back to Top Meiosis In meiosis, the cell divides twice, ultimately yielding four daughter cells.
Output: Daughter cells divide by meiosis.
Its flexibility allows us to bend and twist our torsos and absorb the impact of daily living.
Output: The flexibility of an object allows it to bend.
7 is exactly the middle of the pH scale and indicates neutral water.
Output: Water is at the neutrality, 7 point on the ph scale.
All      the organisms that can not make their own food (and need producers) are called heterotrophs .
Output: Because all animals require an external source of food, they are called heterotrophic.
It remains liquid down to absolute zero at ordinary pressures, but it can be readily be solidified by increasing the pressure.
Output: Continually increasing the pressure on the liquid will eventually cause the substance to solidify.
Common forms of Protozoa are animals known as the Amoeba, Paramecium, Euglena, and Radiolaria.
Output: Amoebas and paramecia are examples of protozoa.
A mitochondrion contains two main membranes composed of phosopholipid bilayers and proteins -
Output: Two membranes form the mitochondrion structure of a cell.
Many genes have multiple (more than two) alleles.
Output: The majority of human genes have two or more possible alleles.
Bacteria, for example, may divide several times  per hour.
Output: Bacteria may divide several times an hour.
Centrifuges don't increase gravity, the centrifugal force caused by inertia is what causes the effect of 9 g's.
Output: Centrifuges use inertia to perform their task.
Interphase is the cell cycle stage between mitotic divisions during which cell growth and chromosome duplication occurs.
Output: In eukaryotes, the cell cycle consists of a long preparatory period, called interphase before undergoing cell division
A vascular disease that can cause stenosis is atherosclerosis, in which deposits of plaque build-up along the inner wall of large and medium-sized arteries, decreasing blood flow.
Output: In atherosclerosis, thickening of an arterial wall due to plaque formation can restrict blood flow through the artery.
evaporation ---process by which water is changed from a liquid into a vapor.
Output: When liquid water changes to water vapor it is called evaporation.
A calorie is a unit used to measure energy.
Output: Another unit of energy, used widely in the health professions and everyday life, is calorie ( cal )?
Features of pollen grains used in identification are size, shape, thickness of the exine (outer wall) and intine (inner wall) of the pollen grain.
Output: Each pollen grain has two coverings: the exine (thicker, outer layer) and the intine.
Identify major physical changes that occur in middle adulthood including menopause and male changes in middle adulthood.
Output: Menopause occurs in in middle adulthood.
Cells propagate by repeating these four phases and this 4-phase cycle is called 'Cell Cycle'.
Output: Cells have four cycles.
Being self-luminous makes stars different from planets, moons, asteroids, and comets, all of which shine by reflecting sunlight.
Output: The setmoons, planets, and comets contains only objects that shine as a result of reflected light.
For example, the element carbon is in diamonds, used for jewelry, and in graphite, used in pencil lead.
Output: Although they differ vastly in hardness, pencil lead and diamonds both contain carbon.
Cigarette smoke contains may carcinogens (cancer-causing chemicals) and is one of the major causes of illness and death in the world.
Output: Cigarettes are a major source of carcinogens, a kind of chemical substances linked with cancer.
Bees are naturalized on every continent  except Antarctica.
Output: Bees are naturalized on every continent except antarctica.
Growth, taking in nutrients, breathing, and reproduction are the life processes of all living things.
Output: Using nutrients and growing are common to all living things.
A neural synapse is the space between brain cells, or neurons, that allows chemical signals to be passed from one neuron to another.
Output: The the synapse is the space between a neuron and the next cell.
The sun is especially important as its uneven heating distribution drives weather systems.
Output: Uneven heating of the atmosphere form weather patterns.
Ice masses, aquifers, and the deep ocean are water  reservoirs.
Output: Ice masses, acquifers, and the deep ocean are examples of water reservoirs.
Amphibians and most living reptiles have a three-chambered heart, which has usually been regarded as inferior to the four-chambered heart of living mammals and birds.
Output: There are three chambers in a reptiles heart.
Species interactions in communities are important factors in  natural selection.
Output: Community interactions are important factors in natural selection.
Evaporation at the surface of the water cools the water.
Output: The impact of evaporative loss of the most energetic water molecules from a surface has the impact that it cools it.
Recognize that animals (including humans) and plants are living things that grow, reproduce, and need food and water.
Output: Growing and reproducing occur in both plants and humans.
The bryophytes are a diverse assemblage of three phyla of nonvascular plants, with about 16,000 species, that includes the mosses, liverworts, and hornworts.
Output: Moss is best classified as a nonvascular plant.
The digestive system consists of the mouth, which is used only as a passage way, if you will, the esophagus, the stomach, small intestine, large intestine and the rectum.
Output: The correct order of food traveling through the digestive system after it is swallowed is: esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine.
When forests are cut down, this regulation of the flow of water is disrupted, which leads to alternating periods of flood and then drought in the affected area.
Output: Because trees add water vapor to air, cutting down forests leads to longer periods of drought.
Although color is the most obvious property of a mineral, it is the least reliable diagnostic physical property.
Output: Although it is the easiest to observe, color is not ideal as a sole way to identify minerals.
The elimination is driven by competition between neurons, which in turn is governed by the activity or use of neural circuits.
Output: Half of the neurons formed in the embryo are eliminated because of competition
From the focus of an earthquake, the two types of body waves (P and S), and two types of surface waves (Love and Rayleigh, which are S-waves trapped near the surface) radiate in all directions.
Output: There are two types of surface waves.
Examples of the broad fields  pattern would be physical sciences (chemistry and physics) or health and physical education.
Output: Chemistry and physics are fields in physical.
If the amount of gas in a container is increased, the volume increases.
Output: From observations as simple as blowing up a balloon, it is clear that increasing the amount of gas increases the volume.
Oxygen molecules pass from the air space of an alveoli into its capillary bed via simple diffusion -- oxygen concentration in the air is greater than it is in the bloodstream.
Output: Oxygen is transferred into the bloodstream by simple diffusion.
According to Darwin's theory of evolution, natural selection means only the organisms best adapted to their environment tend to survive and transmit their genetic characters in increasing numbers to succeeding generations while those less adapted tend to be eliminated.
Output: Evolution occurs by natural selection, a process whereby better-adapted members pass along their traits, according to darwin.
All the matter in the universe is composed of basic substances called elements .
Output: Elements are pure substances that make up all matter.
Hydrogen Sulfide, H 2 S, is produced by the decay of organic matter, and then rises to the atmosphere where it oxidizes and forms sulfur dioxide.
Output: Hydrogen sulfide is a noxious and toxic gas produced from decaying organic matter that contains sulfur.
In lakes and impoundments, and occasionally in streams, nitrogen may be the limiting nutrient and control the growth of algae and other aquatic plants, thus, using dissolved oxygen and blocking the penetration of sunlight which is needed for the growth of submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV);
Output: Besides the concentration of dissolve oxygen and nutrients in the water, the availability of sunlight limits aquatic organisms.
All organic molecules have a carbon skeleton that is composed of rings or chains of carbons.
Output: The element carbon is present in all organic molecules.
Arandaspids represent the oldest known craniates, a proposed group of chordates that contain all chordates with a cartilage-derived skull (i.e., lampreys, armored agnathans, and gnathostomes), and hagfish.
Output: Hagfishes have a skull made of cartilage.
Superconductors are materials that lose little or no energy as electricity passes through them.
Output: You call materials able to conduct electricity with 100% efficiency, meaning that no energy is lost during the electrical transmission, superconductors.
Innate Behavior   Behaviors that are closely controlled by genes with little or no environmental influence are called innate  behaviors.
Output: Behaviors that are closely controlled by genes and have little to no environmental influence are called innate behaviors.
Birth  typically occurs at about 38 weeks after fertilization, so the fetal period generally lasts about 30 weeks.
Output: The fetal period lasts approximately 30 weeks weeks.
Isolated system A system in which neither  matter nor energy is exchanged with the surroundings.
Output: A sealed, vacuum-insulated reaction flask approximates the condition of a isolated system, in which neither matter nor heat can be exchanged between system and surroundings.
An atom that gains electrons would be a negative ion.
Output: Atoms that have gained electrons and become negatively charged are called negative ions.
A community consists of all the various populations of organisms living in a given area.
Output: All of the populations that live in the same area make up a(n) community, which includes populations of different organisms.
It can lie dormant in the soil for several years waiting for a susceptible host  such as Fraser fir and the right environmental conditions, including warm soil temperatures (above 54 degrees F.) and soils saturated with water to infect plant roots.
Output: Seeds that remain inactive until the right conditions of light, water, and soil are present are called dormant
A carbon dioxide molecule, CO 2 , is linear, with the two oxygen atoms an equal distance on either side of the carbon atom.
Output: Carbon dioxide molecules consist of a central carbon atom bonded to two oxygen atoms.
Convection is the rising of hot material and the sinking of cooler material, similar to the process of water boiling.
Output: Rises then sinks does deeper material cause convection in the mantle.
30 Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes;
Output: Humans have 23 pairs pairs of chromosomes.
Slime mold is a broad term describing fungus-like organisms that use spores to reproduce.
Output: Fungus-like protists such as slime molds reproduce with spores.
Carbon dioxide, an important greenhouse gas, dissolves in rainwater to form carbonic acid which weathers silicate rock to form carbonates &oacute;a particularly common form being limestone.
Output: Carbon dioxide chemically weather rocks by creating acids.
The photic zone extends to a maximum depth of 200 meters (656 feet) below the surface of the  water.
Output: The photic zone extends 200 meters deep.
Active transport requires energy from the cell.
Output: All cells need energy for processes like active transport.
The heart becomes the first working organ in the human body, pumping by rhythmically opening and squeezing shut just 17 days after conception.
Output: In humans, the heart is the first organ to form and become functional.
Biogeochemical cycles (bio meaning 'life', geo for 'earth' and chemical for the changing of matter from one form to another) are natural processes that recycle elements in various chemical forms from the environment, to organisms, and then back to the environment.
Output: Chemical elements and water are recycled through the biogeochemical cycle.
Electron A sub-atomic particle found orbiting the nuclei of an atom.
Output: Atomic orbitals are populated with subatomic particles known as electrons.
A heterotroph is an animal that can't make its own food supply, so they have to eat other things, like plants or other animals, to survive.
Output: Animals can not produce their own food making them heterotrophs
A scientific law always applies under the same conditions, and implies that there is a causal relationship involving its elements.
Output: In science, something that always applies under the same conditions is called a scientific law.
The equator is relatively hot because sunlight strikes Earth directly at that latitude;
Output: The equator on earth receives the most direct sunlight.
A chemical reaction rearranges the constituent atoms of the reactants to create different substances as products.
Output: All chemical reactions involve both reactants and products.
An increase in the harmful form of cholesterol -- LDL cholesterol -- occurs in the bloodstream, causing plaque buildup in the arteries which can lead to heart problems because it inhibits the flow of blood which carries oxygen to and from the heart.
Output: An increase in the body's cholesterol levels can lead to your arteries filling with plaque.
This is no small task, for the DNA that must be stored in each 0.00001-meter-diameter human cell would, if extended to its full length, measure about two meters.
Output: If the dna from all 46 chromosomes in a human cell nucleus was laid out end to end, it would measure approximately two meters long.
The Throat The throat (pharynx) is a ringlike muscular tube that acts as the passageway for both air and food or liquid and helps in forming speech.
Output: Digestion and respiration are both facilitated by the pharynx, more commonly called the throat.
When the parallel rays of a light source strike a convex lens the rays will concentrate or focus at a specific point, the focal point .
Output: Convex lenses are thicker in the middle than at the edges so they cause rays of light to converge, or meet, at a point called focus.
DNA replication occurs during this S (synthesis) phase.
Output: During the synthesis phase in the cell cycle, dna replication occurs.
Elastic Potential Energy is stored energy that comes from deforming an object that will resume its previous shape.
Output: Changing the shape of an elastic material gives it potential energy.
Consider that human evolution progresses at a very, very slow pace.
Output: Human evolution shows that evolutionary changes typically occur at a slow pace.
For example, all cells share functions  such as obtaining and using energy, responding to the environment, and reproducing.
Output: All cells share the characteristic that they need energy.
Nematoda (roundworms or nematodes), a phylum of elongated cylindrical, smooth-skinned, unsegmented worms, both aquatic and terrestrial, parasitic in animals or plants or free-living in soil or water;
Output: Nematodes can be a parasite of both.
An electromagnetic wave is a combination of an oscillating electric field and oscillating magnetic field that propagates through space, away from its source.
Output: In an electromagnetic wave, the crests and troughs represent oscillating fields.
The duodenum facilitates the initial phase of digestion by regulating the emptying of food in the stomach into the small intestine, says Laparoscopic.md.
Output: Gastric emptying is regulated by both the stomach and the duodenum.
Kittens are soft and fun to play with.
Output: Soft describes the texture of a kitten’s fur.
As pH goes up the solution becomes more base.
Output: As ph increases, a solution becomes more basic.
Aedes aegypti mosquitoes carry the viruses that cause dengue and yellow fever.
Output: Dengue fever and yellow fever are examples of diseases caused by virus.
For example, if you were to put an ice cube, a solid, outside on a hot day, it would turn to water, a liquid.
Output: Ice cubes are an example of the solid form of water.
Pluto has at least three moons, including one fully half the size of Pluto itself.
Output: Pluto has three moons.
Neptune Neptune is the eighth planet from the Sun and the fourth largest (by diameter).
Output: The eighth planet from our sun is neptune.
The life cycle of all plants is complex because it is characterized by alternation of generations.
Output: The life cycle of plants is so complex because of the alternation of generation.
All matter is composed of basic elements that cannot be broken down to substances with different chemical or physical properties.
Output: All matter in the universe is composed of one or more unique pure substances called elements.
The carbon atoms in these chains and rings can then form bonds with other elements in many ways to produce various functional groups.
Output: Carbon (c) is essential to living organisms because carbon bonds in many ways with itself to form chains.
Invertebrates (and higher animals) can  also be placed in one of two groups based on how they develop as embryos.
Output: Invertebrates (and higher animals) can also be placed in one of two groups based on how they develop as embryos.
A normal human cell has 46 chromosomes.
Output: There are 46 chromosomes chromosomes in a diploid human cell.
Amphibians have a relatively complex circulatory system with a three-chambered heart.
Output: There are three chambers in an amphibian heart.
Chloroplasts in plant cells perform photosynthesis;
Output: Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplast.
Sediment is transported along the coast in the direction of the prevailing current (longshore drift).
Output: Sediment is transported by currents.
Cell membrane functions as a barrier to the movement of substances between the intracellular and extracellular spaces 3.
Output: A cell's membrane provides a barrier to keep extracellular materials from mixing with its internal components.
Electric Power is the rate per unit of Time at which electric energy is consumed or produced.
Output: Electrical energy consumed can be expressed as the product of power multiplied by time.
At lease five times in the history of life on earth mass extinction event s have occurred.
Output: Five mass distinctions have radically altered the history of life.
Blood consists of 45% red blood cells, less than 1% white blood cells and platelets, and 55% plasma.
Output: Blood is made up of red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma.
Cardiac output is the volume of blood pumped by the left ventricle into the aorta in one minute, and is equal to the produce of stroke volume x heart rate.
Output: The term cardiac output, calculated by multiplying heart contractions by stroke volume, means the volume of blood pumped by the heart in one minute.
The body's immune system has many mechanisms to defend against unwanted foreign substances (viruses, bacteria, cancer cells, etc.), including antibodies that recognize and destroy the substances.
Output: The immune system typically recognizes, attacks, and destroys foreign cells or substances that may cause disease.
There are three types of passive transport they are diffusion, osmosis and facilitated diffusion.
Output: Because the solute is moving down the concentration gradient, and no input of energy is required, facilitated diffusion is considered a(n) passive type of transport.
All cells need insulin to carry blood glucose, or sugar, into them for energy.
Output: All cells need glucose for energy.
Corolla Collective term for all the petals of a flower, these petals may be separate or fused together.
Output: All of the petals together are called a corolla.
Complex machines are merely combinations of two or more simple machines.
Output: A complex machine is described by: it is made of more than one simple machine.
The light is collected by the concave (curved inward, like a bowl) primary mirror and reflected toward the smaller, convex (curved outward, like a dome) secondary mirror.
Output: A convex mirror is shaped like the outside of a bowl.
Metallic bond This is bonding of metal atoms where positive metal ions are in a three-dimensional arrangement and the valence electrons are able to move freely over the entire structure of the metal.
Output: The force of attraction between a positively charged metal ion and the valence electrons it shares with other ions of the metal is called a(n) metallic bond.
Microevolution involves small changes in gene frequencies within a population over a few or many generations, up to the formation of new species.
Output: Microevolution is when a species changes in small ways over time.
1) A moving object will continue moving in a straight line at constant speed, and a stationary object will remain at rest, unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.
Output: If no unbalanced force acts on an object the object remains at constant velocity or at rest.
Carbon has six protons and six electrons.
Output: Carbon atoms have six protons and electrons each.
All the elemental oxygen now in the earth's atmosphere was put there by photosynthetic plants and bacteria.
Output: On a global scale, plants and other photosynthetic organisms have generated all of the oxygen in the air.
Wings evolved in a bird ancestor that lived in trees.
Output: The bird ancestor that lived in trees developed wings, which is commonly associated with birds.
Atmosphere and Clouds of Venus The atmospheric pressure on Venus's surface is about 90 times greater than that of Earth while the surface temperature is some 2.5 times greater.
Output: Venus has a warmer average surface temperature than earth.
Ladybugs, also known as ladybird beetles, have a life cycle of four to six weeks.
Output: There are four to six weeks are in the life cycle of ladybugs.
8 weeks The beginnings of all major body organs are formed.
Output: By 8 weeks, all major organs start developing.
The organization of the motor system is similar to that of vision, beginning with the primary motor cortex at the posterior edge of the frontal lobe.
Output: The primary motor cortex is located in the frontal lobe of the brain.
Altitude also affects air temperature.
Output: Air temperature changes as altitude increases.
Ore from which a metal is derived;
Output: Metals start out as ore.
A linkage is a relationship between genes that tends to cause the characteristics of these genes to be inherited together.
Output: Certain characteristics are frequently inherited together because of linkage.
CONCEPT According to the Law of Conservation of Energy, we cannot create or destroy energy, but we can change its form.
Output: According to the law of conservation of energy, energy can never actually be “consumed”; it can only be changed from one form to another.
A polyploid is simply an organism that contains more than the usual two sets of chromosomes.
Output: A(n) polyploid is an individual with more than the correct number of chromosome sets.
All electrical components and wires have resistance but the larger the wire, the lower its resistance.
Output: In relation to electrical current, a narrow wire will have more resistance than a wide wire.
The principle of superposition states that in an undisturbed stack of sedimentary strata the oldest layer is at the base and the youngest at the top.
Output: The law of superposition is best described by: in undisturbed layers of sedimentary rock, the lowest layers contain the older rocks.
Light can also travel at various speeds in different media, producing a frequency at which the wave travels.
Output: Different media affect the speed of light.
200 million years 500 million years 600 million years 2 billion years These inclined earthquake zones are believed to define the positions of subducted plates where they plunge into the mantle beneath the overriding plate.
Output: Earthquakes mark the motions of colliding plates and the locations where plates plunge into the mantle.
All units from proper names are capitalized (e.g., Hz, V, etc).
Output: If a unit is named after a person it needs to be capitalized.
According the law of superposition, we assume that the rock unit located on the bottom is older than the top layer.
Output: Deeper layers of rock must be older than layers closer to the surface, this is the law of superposition.
Gamma radiation is generated by radioactivity, the decay of radioactive (unstable) atoms both in Earth's crust and in the atmosphere, and in reactions caused by cosmic ray collisions with atmospheric constituents, as well as by the decay of elementary particles produced by these collisions.
Output: Radioactive atoms, nuclear explosions, and stars produce gamma rays
Ocean acidification is a lowered pH of ocean waters caused by increased carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere, which results in more CO2 dissolving into the ocean.
Output: Ocean acidification occurs when excess carbon dioxide in the atmosphere causes the oceans to become acidic.
If the force of gravity pulling the object down is less than the buoyant force, the body floats in the liquid.
Output: If the buoyant force is greater than the force of gravity acting on a ship, it will float.
Obviously, we do not apply Mendelian inheritance crosses to humans, although Pedigrees can be used to determine Mendelian patterns.
Output: Pedigree is utilized to analyze simple mendelian inheritance.
To understand our changing seasons, follow Earth's path around the sun for one complete orbit (i.e., one year).
Output: It takes about one year for earth to orbit the sun.
Human actions have caused the extinction of hundreds of species of birds, and some 1,200 species  are threatened with extinction today.
Output: Around 1200 species of birds are currently at risk of extinction due to human activity.
Exposure to radiation or cancer-causing chemicals may cause DNA  mutations in many organs, but these factors have not been proven to be important causes of mutations in prostate cells.
Output: Cancer is caused by mutations, which can be caused by pathogens, chemicals, or radiation.
Hemodialysis involves the use of a dialysis machine and an artificial kidney to remove waste products and excess fluids from the blood.
Output: Hemodialysis has a patient’s blood pass through a length of tubing that travels through an artificial kidney machine.
A small protozoan named Trichonympha companula lives in the termite s digestive system and does the job of breaking down the cellulose the termite eats.
Output: Certain anaerobic parabasalid species exist in the digestive tracts of termites and wood-eating cockroaches, where they contribute an essential step in the digestion of cellulose.
Included are six quarks (up, down, strange, charm, bottom, top), six leptons (electron, muon, tau, and a neutrino associated with each of the three), and four types of force-carrying particles, the bosons (photon, gluons, Z, W).
Output: There are four types of bosons.
A lymph node is actually part of the immune system.
Output: Each lymph organ has a different job in the immune system.
Called fission, the reaction is used in nuclear power plants and atomic bombs.
Output: Fission is the radioactive process used in nuclear power plants and one type of nuclear bomb.
The sun is a star star,
Output: The sun is classified as a star.
At pH values below 7 we have excess acid, and at pH levels above 7 we have excess base in the water.
Output: If a substance has a ph value greater than 7,that indicates that it is base.
The carotid arteries are two arteries in the neck that supply blood to the brain.
Output: The carotid artery takes blood to the brain.
Electromagnetic waves (X-rays, light, radio, radar and TV waves) are examples of transverse waves formed by electric and magnetic fields vibrating together at right angles to the wave's motion.
Output: Because the fields that make up an electromagnetic wave are at right angles to each other and to the direction that the wave travels, an electromagnetic wave is considered a(n) transverse wave.
A reverse osmosis membrane separates the various low-molecular-weight molecules and ions from the solvent by forcing the solvent or major component to pass selectively through the membrane by applying pressure greater than the normal osmotic pressure.
Output: Applying a pressure greater than the osmotic pressure of a solution will cause reverse osmosis.
A study of the anatomy of the human body that includes the structures of the skeletal, muscular, nervous, sensory, circulatory, respiratory, digestive, excretory, endocrine, and reproductive systems.
Output: Examples of organ systems in a human include the skeletal, nervous, and reproductive systems.
A concave lens is thinner in the middle than it is near its edges.
Output: A concave lens is thicker at the edges than it is in the middle.
A deep root system anchors the tree against the wind.
Output: Deep roots will best prevent a tree from being blown over by high winds during a storm.
Rubber is a good insulator, and that's why rubber is used to cover wires in an electric cord.
Output: Electrical wires are usually covered with plastic or rubber to insulate the electrical wire.
A 24-hour period during which the earth completes one rotation.
Output: It takes 24 hours for the earth to make a complete rotation of its axis.
Some examples of matter are people, air, soil, water, and planets.
Output: One example of matter is water.
Any time two groups are so different that they can not reproduce to produce healthy fertile offspring, both concepts consider them to be separate species.
Output: If two populations do not mate and produce fertile offspring, separate species result.
Mitosis is subdivided into four phases.
Output: Mitosis actually occurs in four phases.
By convention, no subscript is written when a molecule contains only one atom of an element.
Output: If only one atom of a specific type is present a subscript is not used.
Biofuels Program The Biofuels Program at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) develops cost effective, environmentally friendly technologies for converting biomass into alternative transportation fuels and fuel additives.
Output: Biomass can also be processed to make biofuel.
95% of its DNA encodes for proteins for stable RNA molecules.
Output: Dna encodes instructions for proteins molecules.
A caldera is formed when magma flows out of a volcano, leaving an empty chamber that collapses.
Output: After a massive eruption, a mountain collapsing above an empty chamber will create a caldera.
Hormones act on parts of the body by sending chemical signals through receptors on or inside cells.
Output: Hormones send signals through your body.
Dynamics is the study of motions that results from forces.
Output: Dynamics is the study of how forces affect the motion of objects.
ANAPHASE-- The microtubules from the centrosomes pull on the centromere of each chromosome and pulls the sister chromatids apart .
Output: During the anaphase phase, sister chromatids separate and the centromeres divide.
In most prokaryotic bacteria, this is done by the process of binary fission, where two daughter cells are formed that are a replica of the parent cell.
Output: Binary fission is a form of cell division in prokaryotic organisms that produces identical offspring.
1.3 Extinctions in the fossil record There are generally recognised to be five major extinction events in Earth s history, with resultant massive global (predominantly marine) losses of biodiversity.
Output: There have been five major massive extinctions since life began on earth.
An electromagnetic solenoid (a coil of wire with a piece of iron inside) pushes the starter motor or a gear from the starter motor against the car's flywheel (a huge gear attached to the engine's crankshaft) and power is supplied to the starter motor.
Output: An electormagnet is a piece of iron inside a solenoid.
Both the proton and neutron are made of three quarks.
Output: There are three quarks in each proton and neutron.
Mass on a Vertical Spring When simple harmonic motion is discussed in introductory textbooks, the mass connected to the spring usually slides on a frictionless horizontal surface.
Output: An object attached to a spring sliding on a frictionless surface is an uncomplicated type of simple harmonic oscillator.
POTENTIAL ENERGY Potential energy is stored energy and the energy of position, or gravitational energy.
Output: Energy that is stored in a person or object is called potential energy.
debate over the extent to which genes (nature) or experiences in a given environment (nurture) control traits such as animal behaviors
Output: Animal behavior can be said to be controlled by genetics and experiences, also known as nature and nurture.
Neutrons collide with an atom of 235 U, which splits into two fragments called fission products , producing energy (heat) and two more neutrons.
Output: A neutron collides with an atom of u-235 during the basic nuclear fission process.
Gene expression, or the synthesis of specific proteins, is regulated mainly at the level of transcription, the process of making RNA copies of the DNA sequences that comprise the genes.
Output: Gene expression and protein synthesis are usually considered the same molecular process.
A pair of scissors is a compound machine.
Output: Scissors are compound machines.
Incubation isfound almost exclusively in birds where the eggs are warmed sothis refers to caring for the eggs and keeping them warm.
Output: Incubation is when birds keep their eggs warm while the embryos inside develop.
Carbides are binary compounds of carbon with an element that is less electronegative than it.
Output: Binary compounds of carbon with less electronegative elements are called carbides.
There are six different types of simple machines.
Output: There are six types types of simple machines.
Energy from the sun is captured by green plants and by photosynthesis it  converts radiant energy from the sun into organic compounds such as glucose.
Output: During photosynthesis, energy from the sun is converted to glucose after entering a plant.
The pupil is the opening through which light enters the eye.
Output: The pupil of the eye allows light to enter.
the increasing water pressure compresses the air in the lungs.
Output: As a diver descends, the increase in pressure causes the body’s air pockets in the ears and lungs to compress.
and Vertebrata, animals with backbones made up of vertebrae, with about 41,700 species.
Output: Vertebrata are characterized by the presence of backbone.
From outside the cell the process of endocytosis, including pinocytosis (cellular drinking), admits liquids and small particles through the formation, in the plasma membrane, of small pits that are coated with protein.
Output: Pinocytosis is another word for cellular drinking.
1. any of the corticosteroids secreted by the adrenal cortex , the major ones being the glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids, and including some androgens, progesterone, and estrogens.
Output: Glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids are the two main types of corticosteroids in humans.
Low pressure or falling pressure generally means cloudy, unsettled or wet weather while high pressure or rising pressure means calm and clear weather.
Output: Cloudy conditions will most likely result from a low-pressure weather system.
Cell division occurs after a male and female sex cell have united (fertilization) and the resulting zygote divides into two cells.
Output: After fertilization, a zygote forms into two cells.
Newton's Second Law Newton's second law states that the acceleration of an object is inversely proportional to its mass and directly proportional to the net external force acting upon it.
Output: Experiments have shown that acceleration is exactly inversely proportional to mass, just as it is exactly linearly proportional to the net external force.
Alternatively, mycoplasma surface components ('superantigens') may directly stimulate autoimmune responses,(38) or their molecular mimicry of host antigens may explain, in part, their ability to stimulate autoimmunity.
Output: Autoimmunity can develop with time, and its causes may be rooted in this molecular mimicry.
Amphibians Frog and ToadTheme Page Amphibians are vertebrates that spend part of their lives under water (breathing with gills) and the remainder on land (breathing with lungs).
Output: Frogs are amphibians that live part of the time in fresh water and live rest of the time on land.
As the centripetal force acts upon an object moving in a circle at constant speed, the force always acts inward as the velocity of the object is directed tangent to the circle.
Output: Centripetal forces cause objects to turn around continuously in a circle.
Within the past 200 years or so, increased amounts of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases have been released into the atmosphere due to human activity.
Output: The composition of the atmosphere has changed over the last 200 years primarily due to human activity.
We all have traits that make us unique individuals.
Output: Although individuals of a given species are genetically similar, they are not identical; every individual has a unique set of traits.
Infants are birth to one year.
Output: During the first year after birth, a baby called a(n) infant.
Aquifers present the advantage of having large to huge volume storage capacity with a very low flow and are easily accessed through dug-wells or bore holes, either pumped or flowing (artesian wells) or through springs.
Output: Dig a well allows people to access water in an aquifer that does not flow from a spring or a geyser.