niryuu/sni-each-converted huggingface dataset:
Premise: 3) The solubility of gases typically decreases with increasing temperature. 
 Hypothesis: If a solute is a gas, increasing the temperature will decrease its solubility.
Output: entails
Premise: A geyser indicates a spring or body of water that is heated by a geothermal source. 
 Hypothesis: Geysers are created when water is heated beneath the earth's surface.
Output: entails
Premise: When a sperm fertilises an egg to form a zygote there will again be 46 chromosomes. 
 Hypothesis: In humans, a zygote has 46 chromosomes.
Output: entails
Premise: e.) Correlation between thermodynamics and chemical reaction equilibrium. 
 Hypothesis: Chemical reactions follow the laws of thermodynamics.
Output: neutral
Premise: The sporophytes of hornworts and mosses have epidermal stomata, like those of vascular plants. 
 Hypothesis: Vascular plants have a dominant sporophyte generation.
Output: neutral
Premise: Bird Collections and Habitat Groups&quot; Notes on some of the bird species of Nebraska  which are extinct or nearing extinction. 
 Hypothesis: Around 1200 species of birds are currently at risk of extinction due to human activity.
Output: neutral
Premise: Work is force times distance. 
 Hypothesis: Force times distance is the equation for work.
Output: entails
Premise: That in substance is all there is to the matter. 
 Hypothesis: Elements are pure substances that make up all matter.
Output: neutral
Premise: Surface Wave Gauges The Baylor gauges and the waverider buoy are two different types of gauges used to collect wave information. 
 Hypothesis: There are two types of surface waves.
Output: neutral
Premise: Four: How many types of dinosaurs are known? 
 Hypothesis: There are four types of bosons.
Output: neutral
Premise: A linkage is a relationship between genes that tends to cause the characteristics of these genes to be inherited together. 
 Hypothesis: Certain characteristics are frequently inherited together because of linkage.
Output: entails
Premise: Standard(s) 3.22 11.04 Recognize that all objects exert attractive gravitational force on other objects, and that this mutual attraction between two masses explains how objects, the atmosphere, and the seas stay fixed to the surface of the earth. 
 Hypothesis: Objects on earth have two forces acting on them at all times.
Output: neutral
Premise: Mosses are nonvascular plants. 
 Hypothesis: Moss is best classified as a nonvascular plant.
Output: entails
Premise: The decrease in air pressure as height increases. 
 Hypothesis: Air pressure it decreases as altitude increases.
Output: entails
Premise: Subject matter wherein the nitrogen atom of a ring containing a single nitrogen atom and three carbons is bonded directly or indirectly to an extracyclic phosphorus atom. 
 Hypothesis: Amines are classified according to the number of carbon atoms bonded directly to a(n) nitrogen atom.
Output: neutral
Premise: Unlike the bony fish (that is, bass, grouper, trout, etc.), elasmobranchs have a skeleton composed entirely of cartilage, a material that makes up the ends of our noses and ear lobes. 
 Hypothesis: Early in the development of a human fetus, the skeleton is made entirely of cartilage.
Output: neutral
Premise: It may take many weeks or months for symptoms to develop although it is usually 2-8 weeks. 
 Hypothesis: By 8 weeks, all major organs start developing.
Output: neutral
Premise: The thyroid gland combines the amino acid tyrosine and iodine to manufacture the thyroid hormone. 
 Hypothesis: Catecholamines are a class of amine hormones that when synthesised form the amino acid tyrosine.
Output: neutral
Premise: At about five weeks or so after your last period, you see &quot;fetal pole&quot; on ultrasound. 
 Hypothesis: The fetal period lasts approximately 30 weeks weeks.
Output: neutral
Premise: Reptiles are tetrapod vertebrates, creatures that either have four limbs or, like snakes, being descended from four-limbed ancestors. 
 Hypothesis: Birds have four limbs.
Output: neutral
Premise: Deer ticks, known scientifically as Ixodes dammini, are the insects that carry the bacterium -- Borrelia burgdorferi -- that causes Lyme disease. 
 Hypothesis: Lyme disease is caused by bacteria.
Output: entails
Premise: If the sounds are not clear, increase in volume will not be that beneficial. 
 Hypothesis: From observations as simple as blowing up a balloon, it is clear that increasing the amount of gas increases the volume.
Output: neutral
Premise: simple, compound and complex sentences; 
 Hypothesis: Scissors are compound machines.
Output: neutral
Premise: Sediments Transported and Redeposited in Low Areas The currents generated by crustal uplift eroded the areas surrounding the Shields, transported the sediments and deposited the sediment load in deeper waters. 
 Hypothesis: Sediment is transported by currents.
Output: entails
Premise: We believe this type of physical-organic chemistry will make a unique contribution to the rapidly developing field of materials science. 
 Hypothesis: Chemistry and physics are fields in physical.
Output: neutral
Premise: Three major types of plant tissues are dermal,  ground, and vascular tissues. 
 Hypothesis: Modern plants have three types of major tissues.
Output: entails
Premise: Make sure the terminal nitrogen has two bonded hydrogen atoms and the nitrogen atom attached to two carbons, has one bonded hydrogen atoms. 
 Hypothesis: Amines are classified according to the number of carbon atoms bonded directly to a(n) nitrogen atom.
Output: neutral
Premise: The small intestine is a very important part of the digestive system as being the site where most of the nutrient absorption takes place. 
 Hypothesis: In the body, chemical digestion mainly takes place in the small intestine.
Output: entails
Premise: This process is about three years in poison ivy 
 Hypothesis: Poison ivy typically has three groups of leaves.
Output: neutral
Premise: Then we are to calculate the elastic potential energy. 
 Hypothesis: Changing the shape of an elastic material gives it potential energy.
Output: neutral
Premise: One pair is shared in a single bond, two pair in a double bond, and three elec tron pairs are shared in a triple bond. 
 Hypothesis: In a carbon triple bond, three pairs of electrons are shared.
Output: entails
Premise: Animal behavior, especially communication and social organization. 
 Hypothesis: For social animals, communication essential.
Output: neutral
Premise: Start the watering cycle in the early morning in order to minimize evaporation. 
 Hypothesis: Watering plants and grass in the early morning is a way to conserve water because smaller amounts of water evaporate in the cool morning.
Output: entails
Premise: You type in the digits that you know and it tells you how many digits you have correct and the next five digits. 
 Hypothesis: Primates have five digits on each extremity.
Output: neutral
Premise: Geysers, which are close cousins of volcanoes, are made by water seeping down throught the ground, then gets heated by a hot spot of magma many miles below the surface. 
 Hypothesis: Geysers are created when water is heated beneath the earth's surface.
Output: entails
Premise: This course will cover all aspects of molecular and cellular biology including the molecular biology of  prokaryotes, eukaryotic gene expression, protein synthesis, and DNA replication and repair. 
 Hypothesis: Gene expression and protein synthesis are usually considered the same molecular process.
Output: neutral
Premise: Once ingested the methanol, wood alcohol, converts to formaldehyde, and then formic acid (ant sting poison) causing metabolic acidosis. 
 Hypothesis: Formic acid is found in the secretions of stinging ants.
Output: entails
Premise: When cytokinesis is complete, unequal division of the cytoplasm yields a smaller daughter cell. 
 Hypothesis: Cytokinesis divides the cytoplasm into two distinctive cells.
Output: entails
Premise: Lymphocytes are produced within bone marrow (a primary lymphoid organ). 
 Hypothesis: Bone marrow is found inside many bones and produces lymphocytes.
Output: entails
Premise: A prism receives the light, bends it, and spreads it out so that we can see the various colors that make up white light. 
 Hypothesis: A prism helps people understand what makes up white light.
Output: entails
Premise: You don't need to capitalize proper names. 
 Hypothesis: If a unit is named after a person it needs to be capitalized.
Output: neutral
Premise: Two characteristics of mammals that are at least sometimes preserved in the fossil record are (1) the mammalian middle ear contains a chain of three bones, the malleus, incus, and stapes; 
 Hypothesis: The mammalian middle ear has three bones.
Output: entails
Premise: A new element in this report is a chapter on biogeochemical cycles. 
 Hypothesis: Chemical elements and water are recycled through the biogeochemical cycle.
Output: neutral
Premise: Metabolism and Metabolic Disorders Metabolism is the sum of all the chemical reactions involved in the continual process of breakdown and renewal in the body (Clarke, 1996, p.2). 
 Hypothesis: The sum of all chemical reactions that take place within an organism is known as metabolism.
Output: entails
Premise: In carbon dioxide, which consists of one carbon atom and two heavier oxygen atoms, the carbon accounts for roughly 27 percent of the total weight. 
 Hypothesis: Carbon dioxide molecules consist of a central carbon atom bonded to two oxygen atoms.
Output: entails
Premise: The Kingdom The Kingdom of God is the reign of God in the heart and life of the individual in every human relationship, and in every form and institution of organized society. 
 Hypothesis: In humans, the heart is the first organ to form and become functional.
Output: neutral
Premise: The reaction gave off hydrogen sulfide gas, while the sulfur auretum precipitated to the bottom of the container. 
 Hypothesis: Hydrogen sulfide is a noxious and toxic gas produced from decaying organic matter that contains sulfur.
Output: neutral
Premise: Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes in their bodies. 
 Hypothesis: Humans have 23 pairs pairs of chromosomes.
Output: entails
Premise: Carbon is composed of six protons, six neutrons and six electrons. 
 Hypothesis: Carbon atoms have six protons and electrons each.
Output: entails
Premise: Elements are grouped into the Periodic Table . 
 Hypothesis: Group 13 of the periodic table is also called the the boron group.
Output: neutral
Premise: A variety of fauna is found in association with Clovis artifacts, including very large mammals, large mammals, small mammals, and reptiles. 
 Hypothesis: Placental mammals give birth to relatively large fetuses.
Output: neutral
Premise: A spirochete, or spiral bacterium, called Borrelia burgodrferi , is the cause of lyme disease. 
 Hypothesis: Lyme disease is caused by bacteria.
Output: entails
Premise: Antibodies are very specific and will match the antigen on only one specific germ, similar to a lock and key. 
 Hypothesis: An antibody can match one types of antigens.
Output: entails
Premise: Conches are hermaphrodites that reproduce sexually. 
 Hypothesis: Reptiles typically reproduce sexually.
Output: neutral
Premise: Assist us in our consultations with the AMA and the medical community on considering possible ways to improve the representativeness of the aggregate specialty-specific data so that sampling error is decreased and to eliminate as many sources of non- response and measurement error as possible. 
 Hypothesis: You decrease errors in an experiment by take many measurements.
Output: neutral
Premise: for instance, one of the clearest "signatures" of the Higgs Boson is its decay into four muons. 
 Hypothesis: There are four types of bosons.
Output: neutral
Premise: For instance, gravity holds the planets together, keeps us on the surface of the Earth, and keeps the planets in orbit around the Sun . 
 Hypothesis: Gravity is responsible for the orbits of the planets around the sun.
Output: entails
Premise: Glucose is manufactured by plants with the aid of energy from the sun in the process called photosynthesis. 
 Hypothesis: During photosynthesis, energy from the sun is converted to glucose after entering a plant.
Output: entails
Premise: Chloroplasts are an important part of plant cells because they are cell structures that allow for photosynthesis. 
 Hypothesis: Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplast.
Output: entails
Premise: Formic acid  is the same poison found in the sting of fire ants. 
 Hypothesis: Formic acid is found in the secretions of stinging ants.
Output: entails
Premise: The frame of the solenoid was then attacked and the iron core which part fills the central tube was drilled out. 
 Hypothesis: An electormagnet is a piece of iron inside a solenoid.
Output: neutral
Premise: Molluscs have a three-chambered heart . 
 Hypothesis: There are three chambers in an amphibian heart.
Output: neutral
Premise: The trees are evergreen as there is no period of drought or frost. 
 Hypothesis: Because trees add water vapor to air, cutting down forests leads to longer periods of drought.
Output: neutral
Premise: That fact creates two tidal bulges -- two high tides and two low tides each day. 
 Hypothesis: Two low and high tides occur per day.
Output: entails
Premise: 2 Iron Solenoid Cores Miscellaneous parts, screws, bolts, wire, etc. 
 Hypothesis: An electormagnet is a piece of iron inside a solenoid.
Output: neutral
Premise: The two chambers at the bottom are the left and right ventricles, sometimes known as the pumping chambers as they are responsible for pumping the blood to the lungs and the body. 
 Hypothesis: Blood from the body enters right atrium of the heart before it is pumped to the right ventricle and then to the lungs.
Output: entails
Premise: The eighth planet from the Sun, Neptune is about 2.7 billion miles distant and has a cloud-surface temperature of about -330 F. 
 Hypothesis: The eighth planet from our sun is neptune.
Output: entails
Premise: The seminars lasted four weeks and each had approximately 30 participants. 
 Hypothesis: The fetal period lasts approximately 30 weeks weeks.
Output: neutral
Premise: When light (from any source) enters the eye through the pupil, a part of that light will be reflected back out of the eye by the tumors. 
 Hypothesis: The pupil of the eye allows light to enter.
Output: entails
Premise: There were two main types of diabetes. 
 Hypothesis: There are two different main types of diabetes.
Output: entails
Premise: The Immune and Lymph Systems 11. 
 Hypothesis: Each lymph organ has a different job in the immune system.
Output: neutral
Premise: Evaporation at the surface of the water cools the water. 
 Hypothesis: The impact of evaporative loss of the most energetic water molecules from a surface has the impact that it cools it.
Output: entails
Premise: Evolution of speciation ideas, from gradualism to punctuated equilibrium. 
 Hypothesis: Darwin believed in gradualism.
Output: neutral
Premise: Heart valves There are four heart valves. 
 Hypothesis: There are four valves in the heart.
Output: entails
Premise: Each of these five websites have links to many more. 
 Hypothesis: Primates have five digits on each extremity.
Output: neutral
Premise: Light takes more time than the age of the Universe to reach us from there. 
 Hypothesis: Due to the time it takes for light to reach us, galaxies at the edge of the universe are distant in terms of space and time.
Output: neutral
Premise: QTLs are conventional genes that have two or more alleles that contribute to quantitative variation of specific traits (Roff 1997; 
 Hypothesis: The majority of human genes have two or more possible alleles.
Output: neutral
Premise: Pluto has three known moons. 
 Hypothesis: Pluto has three moons.
Output: entails
Premise: earth as a state of matter to their stock as well as the three other elements in their present transformation. 
 Hypothesis: Water exists on earth in three matter states states.
Output: neutral
Premise: Air is filtered, warmed and moistened as it passes through the nasal cavities towards the pharynx , or throat. 
 Hypothesis: In mammals, air is warmed and humidified in the nasal cavity.
Output: entails
Premise: pH A measure of hydrogen-ion concentration in a solution, expressed as the logarithm (base ten) of the reciprocal of the hydrogen-ion concentration in gram moles per litre. 
 Hypothesis: The concentration of the hydrogen ion in a solution can be calculated when the ph is known.
Output: entails
Premise: It is assumed that prokaryotic cells arising from a single colony are genetically identical since they reproduce via binary fission (a form of asexual reproduction). 
 Hypothesis: Prokaryotic organisms reproduce asexually through binary fission.
Output: entails
Premise: These are limited to indicating the atomic skeleton of the melanogen, the presence of a cation (anion ) centre and of an unpaired electron, that is, to indicating a radical-polaronic system. 
 Hypothesis: Electrons always result in an anion that is larger than the parent atom.
Output: neutral
Premise: When the muscle moves forward (towards the animal's head), it causes the lungs to compress and force air out (exhale), thus ridding the body of used air. 
 Hypothesis: As a diver descends, the increase in pressure causes the body’s air pockets in the ears and lungs to compress.
Output: neutral
Premise: There is no substance at all , either pure substance or substance as qualities on their own, or substance as qualities plus pure substance. 
 Hypothesis: Elements are pure substances that make up all matter.
Output: neutral
Premise: Gestational Age The number of complete weeks of fetal development, calculated from the first day of the last menstrual period. 
 Hypothesis: The fetal period lasts approximately 30 weeks weeks.
Output: neutral
Premise: Other sites include the stomach, duodenum, ileum, and colon. 
 Hypothesis: Gastric emptying is regulated by both the stomach and the duodenum.
Output: neutral
Premise: Poison ivy has three leaves. 
 Hypothesis: Poison ivy typically has three groups of leaves.
Output: entails
Premise: A falling barometer indicates the arrival of a low pressure air system, which often means stormy weather. 
 Hypothesis: You can expect stormy if a center of low pressure is moving your way.
Output: entails
Premise: The Earth is also rotating on its axis every 24 hours, and there are good reasons for believing that the Earth really does rotate within its gravitational field; 
 Hypothesis: It takes 24 hours for the earth to make a complete rotation of its axis.
Output: entails
Premise: Ocean acidification is a lowered pH of ocean waters caused by increased carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere, which results in more CO2 dissolving into the ocean. 
 Hypothesis: Ocean acidification occurs when excess carbon dioxide in the atmosphere causes the oceans to become acidic.
Output: entails
Premise: Every atom of hydrogen, for example, has one proton, and every atom of carbon has six protons. 
 Hypothesis: Carbon atoms have six neutrons as well as six protons.
Output: entails
Premise: As the eruptions partly empty the chamber of its  magma, the roof of the magma chamber collapses along the same ring fractures to  produce a large caldera . 
 Hypothesis: After a massive eruption, a mountain collapsing above an empty chamber will create a caldera.
Output: entails
Premise: Temperature is defined as a measure of the average kinetic energy (or speed) of the molecules in the air. 
 Hypothesis: In physics, temperature is defined as the average kinetic energy of the particles in an object?
Output: entails
Premise: Many compounds that contain carbon are considered inorganic, for example, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, carbonates, cyanides, cyanates, carbides, and thiocyanates. 
 Hypothesis: Binary compounds of carbon with less electronegative elements are called carbides.
Output: neutral
Premise: If your body sends a signal of comfort and eagerness, proceed. 
 Hypothesis: Hormones send signals through your body.
Output: neutral
Premise: Collisions between molecules are elastic (kinetic energy is conserved); 
 Hypothesis: Because collisions are elastic, energy can be transferred between molecules during them
Output: entails
Premise: Ice to water allow an ice cube to change its form from a solid to a 2. 
 Hypothesis: Ice cubes are an example of the solid form of water.
Output: entails
Premise: [31] Carbon Sequestration The long-term storage of carbon CO 2 in the forests, soils, ocean or underground in depleted oil and gas reservoirs, coal seams and saline acquifers. 
 Hypothesis: Ice masses, acquifers, and the deep ocean are examples of water reservoirs.
Output: neutral
Premise: A radio wave antenna is used to send signals to the body and then receive signals back. 
 Hypothesis: Hormones send signals through your body.
Output: neutral
Premise: A Hydrogen Atom Each hydrogen atom consists of one proton surrounded by one electron. 
 Hypothesis: There are one electrons in the hydrogen atom.
Output: entails
Premise: There are four valves in the heart. 
 Hypothesis: There are four valves in the heart.
Output: entails
Premise: Heterotrophs are the consumers of the ecosystem; they cannot make their own food. 
 Hypothesis: Animals can not produce their own food making them heterotrophs
Output: entails
Premise: A moss, liverwort, or hornwort; a nonvascular plant that inhabits the land but lacks many of the terrestrial adaptations of vascular plants. 
 Hypothesis: Moss is best classified as a nonvascular plant.
Output: entails
Premise: DNA sensors on a substrate one nucleotide at a 
 Hypothesis: Deletions remove one or more nucleotides from the dna
Output: neutral
Premise: A calorie, quite simply, is a unit of energy . 
 Hypothesis: Another unit of energy, used widely in the health professions and everyday life, is calorie ( cal )?
Output: entails
Premise: Two high and two low tides occur every day. 
 Hypothesis: Two low and high tides occur per day.
Output: entails
Premise: An electrical circuit is a network that has a closed loop, giving a return path for the current. 
 Hypothesis: Because charges must have an unbroken path to follow, electric current cannot flow through a material unless it forms a closed loop.
Output: entails
Premise: Every continent (except Antarctica) and subcontinent is represented. 
 Hypothesis: Bees are naturalized on every continent except antarctica.
Output: neutral
Premise: Oxygen molecules pass from the air space of an alveoli into its capillary bed via simple diffusion -- oxygen concentration in the air is greater than it is in the bloodstream. 
 Hypothesis: Oxygen is transferred into the bloodstream by simple diffusion.
Output: entails
Premise: Convergent margins involving oceanic plates form volcanoes on the continent that are parallel to the trench. 
 Hypothesis: At a convergent plate boundary, when one plate is oceanic, there are large volcanoes.
Output: entails
Premise: Fronts are boundaries between contrasting air masses 
 Hypothesis: In weather terms, the boundary between two air masses is called front.
Output: entails
Premise: Innate Behavior   Behaviors that are closely controlled by genes with little or no environmental influence are called innate  behaviors. 
 Hypothesis: Behaviors that are closely controlled by genes and have little to no environmental influence are called innate behaviors.
Output: entails
Premise: The sun is in the center of the solar system; the earth and other planets move around the sun. 
 Hypothesis: The sun is the center of our solar system.
Output: entails
Premise: House is identifying simple machines and the Tool Shed is identifying the simple machines that make up compound machines. 
 Hypothesis: Scissors are compound machines.
Output: neutral
Premise: A population is usually defined as all of the individuals of the same species that live in a given area. 
 Hypothesis: All members of a species living together form a(n) population.
Output: entails
Premise: of genome evolutions are studied by combining comparative genomics 
 Hypothesis: Comparing genome sequences provides clues to evolution and development.
Output: neutral
Premise: Electrons are subatomic particles that orbit the nucleus of an atom. 
 Hypothesis: Atomic orbitals are populated with subatomic particles known as electrons.
Output: entails
Premise: We are a new kind of social animal, thanks to culture. 
 Hypothesis: For social animals, communication essential.
Output: neutral
Premise: They interfere with DNA replication by attacking DNA synthesis throughout the cell cycle 
 Hypothesis: During the synthesis phase in the cell cycle, dna replication occurs.
Output: neutral
Premise: There are two types of EODs, pulse type and wave type. 
 Hypothesis: There are two types of surface waves.
Output: neutral
Premise: Thus, like the computers, our buying power multiplied hundreds, sometimes thousands of times for most consumer products, raising our buying power toward that of millionaires. 
 Hypothesis: Electrical energy consumed can be expressed as the product of power multiplied by time.
Output: neutral
Premise: It affects the clothes we need to wear, the energy we use in our homes, the production of crops for our food, and the wild plants and animals around us. 
 Hypothesis: Animals need plants for food and energy.
Output: neutral
Premise: Look at the mechanics of movement with a little help from author David Macaulay and use both our minds and bodies to learn about incline planes, levers, fulcrum, inertia, centrifugal force, pulleys and friction. 
 Hypothesis: Centrifuges use inertia to perform their task.
Output: neutral
Premise: Construction of the Tuck School was not directly affected. 
 Hypothesis: Damages and deaths are directly affected by construction in an earthquake.
Output: neutral
Premise: In a neutral atom, the negatively-charged electrons balance out the positive charge of the protons. 
 Hypothesis: Because atoms have equal numbers of positive protons and negative electrons, they possess a neutral charge.
Output: entails
Premise: This scenario is inconsistent with neo-Darwinian gradualism, according to which macroevolution is simply cumulative microevolution over long periods of time. 
 Hypothesis: Evolution that occurs over a short period of time is known as microevolution.
Output: neutral
Premise: The planets, asteroids, and comets travel around the Sun, the center of our Solar System. 
 Hypothesis: The sun is the center of our solar system.
Output: entails
Premise: Nonmetals, on the right side of the periodic table, have lower average densities, melting points, boiling points, and conductivities than metals. 
 Hypothesis: In a comparison of metals to nonmetals, metals tend to have greater conductivity and higher melting points than nonmetals.
Output: entails
Premise: Sugars and starches are carbohydrates, of course, and can be used as energy molecules as described above. 
 Hypothesis: Carbohydrates are an important group of biological molecules that includes sugars and starches.
Output: entails
Premise: The energy payback time of a power generating system is the time required to generate as much energy as was consumed during production of the system. 
 Hypothesis: Electrical energy consumed can be expressed as the product of power multiplied by time.
Output: neutral
Premise: The less handling and temperature changes they must undergo, the better. 
 Hypothesis: Ectotherms undergo a variety of changes at the cellular level to acclimatize to shifts in temperature.
Output: neutral
Premise: Nonvascular plants have never evolved to the size of vascular plants, most likely because they lack... 
 Hypothesis: Vascular plants have a dominant sporophyte generation.
Output: neutral
Premise: All living entities on this Earth directly or indirectly derive sustenance from the Sun's energy. 
 Hypothesis: Most of the energy used by living things comes either directly or indirectly from the sun.
Output: entails
Premise: The code for a human being is contained in 23 pairs of chromosomes. 
 Hypothesis: Humans have 23 pairs pairs of chromosomes.
Output: entails
Premise: But the law, something Reno always wanted to practice, finally drew her back, and she applied to and was accepted by Harvard Law School. 
 Hypothesis: In science, something that always applies under the same conditions is called a scientific law.
Output: neutral
Premise: Animal Communication. 
 Hypothesis: For social animals, communication essential.
Output: neutral
Premise: Doctors often refer to the backbone as the spine, spinal column, or vertebral column . 
 Hypothesis: Backbone is another name for the vertebral column.
Output: entails
Premise: Chloroplasts in plant cells perform photosynthesis; 
 Hypothesis: Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplast.
Output: entails
Premise: Remember that the earth exists in a state of thermal equilibrium with space, where the energy of incoming radiation equals the energy re-radiated back into space. 
 Hypothesis: Gases such as co2 and methane can trap thermal energy in earth's atmosphere before radiating it into space.
Output: neutral
Premise: By 2003-2004, the pace of XML evolution will slow as critical mass is reached and the weight of legacy constraints changes. 
 Hypothesis: Human evolution shows that evolutionary changes typically occur at a slow pace.
Output: neutral
Premise: Bees are naturalized on every continent  except Antarctica. 
 Hypothesis: Bees are naturalized on every continent except antarctica.
Output: entails
Premise: Almost all other organisms obtain their energy, directly or indirectly, from the sun. 
 Hypothesis: Most of the energy used by living things comes either directly or indirectly from the sun.
Output: entails
Premise: Compare the hypotheses of gradualism and punctuated equilibrium, and give an example supporting each hypothesis. 
 Hypothesis: Darwin believed in gradualism.
Output: neutral
Premise: Centrifuges don't increase gravity, the centrifugal force caused by inertia is what causes the effect of 9 g's. 
 Hypothesis: Centrifuges use inertia to perform their task.
Output: entails
Premise: That includes birds (which descended from dinosaurs) but not mammals (which evolved from mammal-like reptiles) or, curiously, Mesosaurs (a group of extinct aquatic reptiles), both groups having diverged from the reptilian lineage before the common ancestor of recent reptiles evolved. 
 Hypothesis: Birds evolved from reptile ancestors.
Output: neutral
Premise: Snakes have a three-chambered heart; 
 Hypothesis: There are three chambers in an amphibian heart.
Output: neutral
Premise: It is a primary source of air pollution. 
 Hypothesis: Ash that enters the air naturally as a result of a volcano eruption is classified as a primary pollutant.
Output: neutral
Premise: In other words, I paid approximately a dollar a day to have a ready supply of clean water for drinking, bathing, laundering, and dishwashing, plus occasional outside watering. 
 Hypothesis: At least 20 percent of the world’s people do not have a ready supply of clean drinking water.
Output: neutral
Premise: Called fission, the reaction is used in nuclear power plants and atomic bombs. 
 Hypothesis: Fission is the radioactive process used in nuclear power plants and one type of nuclear bomb.
Output: entails
Premise: If the swelling were from heart failure, it would have to be that her right ventricle, the chamber of the heart that pumps blood into the lungs, was failing. 
 Hypothesis: Blood from the body enters right atrium of the heart before it is pumped to the right ventricle and then to the lungs.
Output: neutral
Premise: The life cycle of all plants is complex because it is characterized by alternation of generations. 
 Hypothesis: The life cycle of plants is so complex because of the alternation of generation.
Output: entails
Premise: It is this substance that causes the JELL-O &copy; to solidify when cooled. 
 Hypothesis: Continually increasing the pressure on the liquid will eventually cause the substance to solidify.
Output: neutral
Premise: Because many early geneticists believed that there were only two possible alternatives for a gene &quot;good&quot; alleles that functioned normally and &quot;bad&quot; alleles that didn't they expected to find little genetic variability in a population. 
 Hypothesis: The majority of human genes have two or more possible alleles.
Output: neutral
Premise: A solution is a uniform mixture of two substances. 
 Hypothesis: All solutions contain at least two substances.
Output: entails
Premise: Carbon dioxide is CO 2 , which means there is one atom of carbon and two atoms of oxygen in the molecule. 
 Hypothesis: Carbon dioxide molecules consist of a central carbon atom bonded to two oxygen atoms.
Output: entails
Premise: Sea anemones, sea whips, corals and hydroids are polyps growing attached to rocks or other hard surfaces of the sea. 
 Hypothesis: Hydras and sea anemones are examples of apolyp.
Output: entails
Premise: While many insects have a four stage life cycle (complete metamorphosis), these undergo only a three stage life cycle called gradual metamorphosis. 
 Hypothesis: Cells have four cycles.
Output: neutral
Premise: No reef building corals are present in the area. 
 Hypothesis: Corals build hard exoskeletons that grow to become coral reefs.
Output: neutral
Premise: It would follow then, if Erikson and others are correct in their assumption that middle-adulthood is a major time of reflection, that facing the reality of mortality would add some urgency to the quality of one's remaining life. 
 Hypothesis: Menopause occurs in in middle adulthood.
Output: neutral
Premise: Hemodialysis Uses an artificial kidney (dialyzer) and a machine to remove water and waste products from the blood stream. 
 Hypothesis: Hemodialysis has a patient’s blood pass through a length of tubing that travels through an artificial kidney machine.
Output: entails
Premise: Protons and neutrons are made of three quarks, and mesons, like pions, are made of quark-antiquark pairs ( see Fig. 
 Hypothesis: There are three quarks in each proton and neutron.
Output: entails
Premise: the ecological footprint of the United States is large because per capita resource use is high. 
 Hypothesis: High per capita use of resources means the ecological footprint of the united states is large.
Output: entails
Premise: All the baby s major organs begin to develop in the first 6 to 8 weeks of pregnancy, so tight control from the moment of conception is critical. 
 Hypothesis: By 8 weeks, all major organs start developing.
Output: entails
Premise: As live coral grows atop the skeletons on dead coral, a coral reef is formed. 
 Hypothesis: Corals build hard exoskeletons that grow to become coral reefs.
Output: entails
Premise: It is better that capitalism has survived the Cold War, just as it was better that the mammals survived the Mesozoic era when dinosaurs became extinct. 
 Hypothesis: Dinosaurs filled the niches that mammals fill today during the mesozoic era.
Output: neutral
Premise: Key concepts include types of simple machines, how simple machines function, and examples of simple machines found in the school, home, &amp; work environment. 
 Hypothesis: There are six types types of simple machines.
Output: neutral
Premise: When a gravitational lens bends the light coming from a distant galaxy, the light coming round the galaxy on one side reaches us later than light which left at the same time and went round the other side. 
 Hypothesis: Due to the time it takes for light to reach us, galaxies at the edge of the universe are distant in terms of space and time.
Output: neutral
Premise: In physics, work is defined as a force acting upon an object to cause a displacement . 
 Hypothesis: In physics, work means the use of force to move an object.
Output: entails
Premise: Within the plant cells (usually leaf cells), the cytoplasm contains organelles called chloroplasts where photosynthesis takes place. 
 Hypothesis: Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplast.
Output: entails
Premise: Because children have immature organs and different metabolic and immune systems than adults, they react differently to drugs. 
 Hypothesis: Each lymph organ has a different job in the immune system.
Output: neutral
Premise: Osmotic pressure as an indication of the tendency for osmosis to occur. 
 Hypothesis: Applying a pressure greater than the osmotic pressure of a solution will cause reverse osmosis.
Output: neutral
Premise: Reptiles, birds and mammals are amniotes, the eggs of which are either laid or carried by the female and are surrounded by several membranes, some of which are impervious. 
 Hypothesis: Because their embryos are surrounded by a thin membrane, reptiles are considered amniotes.
Output: entails
Premise: Neptune The eighth planet from the sun (well, some of the time it's eighth, but more on that later) has a rocky core surrounded by ice, hydrogen, helium and methane. 
 Hypothesis: The eighth planet from our sun is neptune.
Output: entails
Premise: All organic molecules have a carbon skeleton that is composed of rings or chains of carbons. 
 Hypothesis: The element carbon is present in all organic molecules.
Output: entails
Premise: Identify and describe the structure and functions of various organelles of eukaryotic cells. 
 Hypothesis: Eukaryotic cells contain organelles that possess special functions.
Output: neutral
Premise: Animals cannot make their own food, so we call them heterotrophs. 
 Hypothesis: Because all animals require an external source of food, they are called heterotrophic.
Output: entails
Premise: The brain is divided into the right and left hemisphere and each hemisphere is divided into 4 lobes called the frontal, temporal, occipital and parietal lobes. 
 Hypothesis: Each hemisphere of the cerebrum divided into 4 lobes.
Output: entails
Premise: the increasing water pressure compresses the air in the lungs. 
 Hypothesis: As a diver descends, the increase in pressure causes the body’s air pockets in the ears and lungs to compress.
Output: entails
Premise: An air mass by definition is a large dome of air which has similar horizontal temperature and moisture characteristics. 
 Hypothesis: One of the properties of an air mass is that an air mass has similar temperature and moisture properties throughout it.
Output: entails
Premise: Superconductors are materials that can transmit electricity with virtually no energy losses due to resistance. 
 Hypothesis: You call materials able to conduct electricity with 100% efficiency, meaning that no energy is lost during the electrical transmission, superconductors.
Output: entails
Premise: Frogs are amphibians, which means that they typically live on land but breed underwater. 
 Hypothesis: Frogs are amphibians that live part of the time in fresh water and live rest of the time on land.
Output: entails
Premise: It too decreases slowly as you increase in altitude because relative humidity is the relative amount of water vapor that air can contain for a given temperature and pressure. 
 Hypothesis: Air pressure it decreases as altitude increases.
Output: neutral
Premise: This allows the bacterium to synthesize a cell wall and thus grow. 
 Hypothesis: A lysozyme destroys bacteria by digesting their cell walls.
Output: neutral
Premise: For instance, carbon has an atomic number of six and therefore has six protons and six electrons. 
 Hypothesis: Carbon atoms have six protons and electrons each.
Output: entails
Premise: Bloom and fruit development were delayed by 6 to 8 weeks in all districts. 
 Hypothesis: By 8 weeks, all major organs start developing.
Output: neutral
Premise: Skeleton of cartilage not bone b). 
 Hypothesis: Early in the development of a human fetus, the skeleton is made entirely of cartilage.
Output: neutral
Premise: By comparing the sequence of the genomes of different organisms, we can actually reconstruct a lot of what's happened in evolution. 
 Hypothesis: Comparing genome sequences provides clues to evolution and development.
Output: entails
Premise: Fortunately there is the ability to alter the carrying capacity of the land by landlords. 
 Hypothesis: Humans are unique in their ability to alter their environment with the conscious purpose of increasing carrying capacity, which acts as a limiting factor on populations in general.
Output: neutral
Premise: At pH values below 4 or above 11 the rate of inactivation is very rapid while at pH's of between 4.5 and 10.5 the rate, although much slower, increases as the solution becomes more alkaline. 
 Hypothesis: As ph increases, a solution becomes more basic.
Output: neutral
Premise: There are six types of leptons and quarks. 
 Hypothesis: There are six types of leptons.
Output: entails
Premise: Blood- composed of plasma, erythrocytes (red blood cells), leucocytes (white blood cells) and platelets. 
 Hypothesis: Blood is made up of red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma.
Output: entails
Premise: Wave Properties of Light (5 lectures) Electromagnetic radiation and spectrum, speed of light; 
 Hypothesis: Different media affect the speed of light.
Output: neutral
Premise: Ocean acidification describes the decrease in ocean pH that is caused by anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2 ) emissions into the atmosphere. 
 Hypothesis: Ocean acidification occurs when excess carbon dioxide in the atmosphere causes the oceans to become acidic.
Output: entails
Premise: Subsiding air is compressed by the increasing pressure of the surrounding air as it descends, so the air warms up as it subsides. 
 Hypothesis: As a diver descends, the increase in pressure causes the body’s air pockets in the ears and lungs to compress.
Output: neutral
Premise: In the case of insects, this includes the egg, larvae, pupae, and adults. 
 Hypothesis: The sequence egg -> larva -> pupa -> adult shows the life cycle of some insects.
Output: entails
Premise: Not only must replication begin in the DNA synthesis phase of the cell cycle, but origins are replicated at different times within this phase. 
 Hypothesis: During the synthesis phase in the cell cycle, dna replication occurs.
Output: entails
Premise: Five global mass extinctions have radically altered the composition and evolutionary course of life during the past half-billion years. 
 Hypothesis: Five mass distinctions have radically altered the history of life.
Output: entails
Premise: The four stages in this insect life cycle are the egg, larva, pupa and adult. 
 Hypothesis: The sequence egg -> larva -> pupa -> adult shows the life cycle of some insects.
Output: entails
Premise: There are four forces (gravity, electromagnetic, strong and weak) and two types of particles (bosons and fermions). 
 Hypothesis: There are four types of bosons.
Output: neutral
Premise: Conventional thermometers are filled with a liquid (alcohol, mercury, or water) that expands or contracts with a change in the temperature. 
 Hypothesis: The liquid in a thermometer expands or contracts to respond to heat or cold.
Output: entails
Premise: The first and second laws of thermodynamics, equations of state, properties of fluids, solutions, phase equilibria, and chemical reaction equilibria are covered. 
 Hypothesis: Chemical reactions follow the laws of thermodynamics.
Output: neutral
Premise: Gravity is the force that keeps planets in orbit around the sun and maintains the rest of the motion in the solar system. 
 Hypothesis: Gravity is responsible for the orbits of the planets around the sun.
Output: entails
Premise: In humans this means that sperm and ova contain 23 chromosomes (the haploid number) but somatic cells contain 46 chromosomes (the diploid number). 
 Hypothesis: There are 46 chromosomes chromosomes in a diploid human cell.
Output: entails
Premise: Radiation can damage organisms at a cellular level and cause cancer or genetic mutations. 
 Hypothesis: Cancer is caused by mutations, which can be caused by pathogens, chemicals, or radiation.
Output: entails
Premise: Another example is the relation- ship between termites and certain protists that inhabit their digestive tracts and are responsible for the break- down of cellulose into compounds that can be assimilated by their insect hosts. 
 Hypothesis: Certain anaerobic parabasalid species exist in the digestive tracts of termites and wood-eating cockroaches, where they contribute an essential step in the digestion of cellulose.
Output: entails
Premise: Scientists classify living organisms into separate species based upon their physical form and the potential to interbreed and produce viable, fertile offspring. 
 Hypothesis: If two populations do not mate and produce fertile offspring, separate species result.
Output: neutral
Premise: The molecules of oil are attracted to each other and repelled by the water molecules. 
 Hypothesis: Compared with the molecules of many other substances, molecules of water are strongly attracted to each other.
Output: neutral
Premise: The energy that most living things need to survive comes from the Sun in the    form of light and heat. 
 Hypothesis: Most of the energy used by living things comes either directly or indirectly from the sun.
Output: entails
Premise: Solid A solid has a definite shape and volume, it is rigid. 
 Hypothesis: A definite shape and a definite volume are properties of the solid, only state(s) of matter.
Output: entails
Premise: 5.1 Describe the effects of common forces (pushes and pulls) on objects, such as those caused by gravity, magnetism, and mechanical forces. 
 Hypothesis: Gravity and magnetism are both common forces.
Output: entails
Premise: Genetic engineering is the alteration of genetic code by artificial means, and is therefore different from traditional selective breeding. 
 Hypothesis: Humans create different breeds of organisms using artificial selection.
Output: neutral
Premise: The student knows the factors that influence the solubility of solutes in a solvent. 
 Hypothesis: In a glass of sweet tea the sugar is known as the solute and the water is known as the solvent.
Output: neutral
Premise: Have each student write down a five digit number. 
 Hypothesis: Primates have five digits on each extremity.
Output: neutral
Premise: F, the wood alcohol (used to excrete the chemicals) converts to formaldehyde and then to formic acid, which in turn causes metabolic acidosis (formic acid is the poison found in the sting of fire ants). 
 Hypothesis: Formic acid is found in the secretions of stinging ants.
Output: entails
Premise: Cells have many mitochondria to supply energy for active transport. 
 Hypothesis: All cells need energy for processes like active transport.
Output: entails
Premise: The treatment is usually administered in four week cycles, often for six cycles. 
 Hypothesis: There are four to six weeks are in the life cycle of ladybugs.
Output: neutral
Premise: Since these polymer molecules are so large(containing up to hundreds of monomer molecules), they are called macromolecules . 
 Hypothesis: Any large molecule is referred to as a macromolecule.
Output: entails
Premise: This may be associated with tantrums or up to several times an hour. 
 Hypothesis: Bacteria may divide several times an hour.
Output: neutral
Premise: At the press of a button, gas pressure is increased or decreased, depending on need. 
 Hypothesis: When gas particles heat up, pressure increase.
Output: neutral
Premise: The only example of a cell with a flagellum in the human body is the sperm cell. 
 Hypothesis: In humans, the sperm cell is the only cell with the  flagella structure that enables motility.
Output: neutral
Premise: Water your lawn in the early morning or late afternoon to avoid evaporation. 
 Hypothesis: Watering plants and grass in the early morning is a way to conserve water because smaller amounts of water evaporate in the cool morning.
Output: entails
Premise: The large intestine, along with the esophagus, stomach, and the small intestine, are part of the body's digestive system. 
 Hypothesis: Esophagus, stomach, intestines are the structures that make up the digestive system in the human body.
Output: entails
Premise: The subduction of MORB containing microbial carbon can account for both the 13 C-depleted nature of some eclogitic diamonds and the basaltic composition of diamond eclogite. 
 Hypothesis: Although they differ vastly in hardness, pencil lead and diamonds both contain carbon.
Output: neutral
Premise: Water's melting and boiling points (Zero and 100 degrees celsius respectively)are higher than would be expected based on similar compounds. 
 Hypothesis: In celsius, the boiling point of water is one hundred degrees.
Output: entails