niryuu/sni-each-converted huggingface dataset:
The beta - catenin - - TCF - 1 pathway ensures CD4 ( + ) CD8 ( + ) thymocyte survival .
Output: TCF - 1
We show here that T cell maturation depends on the presence of the beta - catenin - - binding domain in TCF - 1 .
Output: TCF - 1
Accelerated spontaneous thymocyte death in the absence of TCF - 1 correlates with aberrantly low expression of the anti - apoptotic protein Bcl - x ( L ) .
Output: TCF - 1
Indeed , TCF - 1 binds to two sites in the Ly - 49a promoter and regulates its activity , suggesting that the Ly - 49a gene is a direct TCF - 1 target .
Output: TCF - 1
TCF - 1 deficiency resulted in the altered usage of additional Ly - 49 receptors .
Output: TCF - 1
We show in this study , using TCF - 1 beta ( 2 ) - microglobulin double - deficient mice , that these repertoire alterations are not due to Ly - 49 / MHC class I interactions .
Output: TCF - 1
Our findings rather suggest a TCF - 1 - dependent , cell autonomous effect on the acquisition of multiple Ly - 49 receptors .
Output: TCF - 1
Culture with the murine fetal liver cell line AFT024 and defined cytokines was capable of inducing TCF - 1 mRNA .
Output: TCF - 1
CD56 ( + bright ) , but not CD56 ( + dim ) , NK cells constitutively express TCF - 1 by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis .
Output: TCF - 1
These results suggest that TCF - 1 does not target human killer immunoglobulin receptor genes , TCF - 1 is uniquely expressed in circulating CD56 ( + bright ) NK cells , and specific TCF - 1 isoforms may play an important role in regulating NK differentiation from a common NK / T - cell progenitor .
Output: TCF - 1
Biomechanical strain induces class a scavenger receptor expression in human monocyte / macrophages and THP - 1 cells : a potential mechanism of increased atherosclerosis in hypertension .
Output: scavenger receptor
Forty - seven of 50 patients with leukemic cells containing more than 6 , 000 receptor sites and 22 of 36 patients with cells containing less than 6 , 000 receptor sites achieved remission .
Output: receptor sites
Untreated CM - SM cells contain single class , high - affinity ( KD = 4 . 0 X 10 ( - 9 ) M ) glucocorticoid - specific receptor sites ( approximately 60 , 000 per cell ) , as measured by a whole cell assay , at 37 degrees C , using [ 3H ] triamcinolone acetonide ( TA ) .
Output: receptor sites
TA - receptor sites rapidly decreased ( about 70 % ) after DEX treatment , without any apparent change in steroid specificity and affinity .
Output: receptor sites
The unagglutinated thymocytes ( peanut negative ) contained about 2 times more receptor sites per cell than agglutinated ( peanut positive ) ones ( 7650 + / - 1550 S . D . verus 3195 + / - 896 S . D . ) .
Output: receptor sites
Scatchard ' s analysis of [ 3H ] - moxestrol ( R2858 ) and [ 3H ] - estradiol binding proves the existence of a single class of receptor sites having a dissociation constant of 0 . 18 - 2 . 4 X 10 ( - 9 ) M .
Output: receptor sites
Leukemic lymphoblasts contain larger numbers of receptor sites .
Output: receptor sites
The mononuclear phagocytes contained approximately equal to 4 - - 10 X 10 ( 3 ) high affinity receptor sites per cell , with dissociation constants of approximately equal to 2 - - 8 nM dexamethasone .
Output: receptor sites
The absence of the uptake of radioactive cortisol by isolated nuclei and the apparent requirement of the cytosol for glucocorticoid specific binding in nuclear receptor sites was observed .
Output: receptor sites
` ` FP - insensitive ' ' NPs also demonstrated a higher percentage of IL - 5 - positive inflammatory cells expressing GRbeta before and after FP treatment .
Output: IL - 5
The determination of estrogen and progesterone receptors in breast cancer has been shown to be useful in predicting the response to endocrine therapy .
Output: progesterone receptors
The association of cytosol oestrogen and progesterone receptors with histological features of breast cancer and early recurrence of disease .
Output: progesterone receptors
Expression of oestrogen and progesterone receptors by mast cells alone , but not lymphocytes , macrophages or other immune cells in human upper airways .
Output: progesterone receptors
As inflammatory gene expression contributes to the pathogenesis of demyelinating diseases , we tested the effects of the SR on the progression of the demyelinating disease experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis ( EAE ) .
Output: inflammatory gene
Functional and physical interaction of protein - tyrosine kinases Fyn and Csk in the T - cell signaling system .
Output: tyrosine kinases
We have previously observed that ionizing radiation induces tyrosine phosphorylation in human B - lymphocyte precursors by stimulation of unidentified tyrosine kinases and this phosphorylation is substantially augmented by vanadate .
Output: tyrosine kinases
This element directs lymphoid - specific transcription even in the presence of viral enhancers .
Output: viral enhancers
The levels of molecules whose expressions are associated with myc , such as STAM , prothymosin - alpha , and NFkappaB
Output: prothymosin - alpha
These data suggest that these kappa B - specific proteins have a role in the coordinate regulation of this growth factor - growth factor receptor gene system that controls T cell proliferation .
Output: growth factor receptor
It shares structural similarities with and is a member of the IkappaB family of proteins .
Output: IkappaB family
In contrast , extracts from HeLa cells transcribed the Ig promoter poorly .
Output: Ig promoter
Binding of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 to CD4 and CXCR4 receptors differentially regulates expression of inflammatory genes and activates the MEK / ERK signaling pathway .
Output: inflammatory genes
Functional correction of FA - C cells with FANCC suppresses the expression of interferon gamma - inducible genes .
Output: interferon gamma
Because hematopoietic cells derived from Fanconi anemia ( FA ) patients of the C - complementation group ( FA - C ) are hypersensitive to the inhibitory effects of interferon gamma ( IFNgamma ) , the products of certain IFNgamma - inducible genes known to influence hematopoietic cell survival were quantified .
Output: interferon gamma
T - cell activation , assessed by the production of interferon gamma ( IFNgamma ) in response to MOG ( 35 - 55 ) , was also decreased by the HSR .
Output: interferon gamma
Immunoglobulin heavy - chain genes contain two conserved sequence elements 5 ' to the site of transcription initiation : the octamer ATGCAAAT and the heptamer CTCATGA .
Output: conserved sequence elements
Taken together , the data indicate that 2 , 2 ' , 4 , 6 , 6 ' - PeCB induces apoptosis in human monocytic cells through a mechanism that is independent of the arylhydrocarbon receptor .
Output: arylhydrocarbon receptor
The thermal stability of GR and thermal activation of cytosolic receptors in both patients were found to be normal .
Output: cytosolic receptors
Genomic effects are mediated by cytosolic receptors that alter expression of specific genes .
Output: cytosolic receptors
Inclusion of the sequences between - 4 and + 52 enhanced promoter activity ; this was primarily because of an Sp1 recognition site at + 9 / + 15 .
Output: Sp1 recognition site
The quantitative analysis showed that erythroid precursor cells were newly produced from the immature myeloid cells by cultivation with IL - 3 .
Output: IL - 3
SCF and IL - 3 induced stepwise generation of erythroid precursor cells from an A - 6 hematopoietic stem cell line .
Output: IL - 3
Studies to date have identified elements 5 ' to the IL - 3 coding sequences that regulate its transcription , but the sequences that confer T cell - specific expression remain to be clearly defined .
Output: IL - 3
A series of transient transfections performed with human IL - 3 - chloramphenicol acetyltransferase ( CAT ) reporter plasmids in T and non - T cells revealed that a plasmid containing 319 bp of 5 ' flanking sequences was active exclusively in T cells .
Output: IL - 3
The differential usage of this regulatory sequence motif is thought to be mediated by different species of octamer binding proteins .
Output: octamer binding proteins
Northern blot analysis showed that LPS - induced expression of these cytokine mRNA in monocytes was suppressed by CS .
Output: cytokine mRNA
Biopsies were immunostained for inflammatory cell markers as well as GRbeta and probed for various cytokine mRNA .
Output: cytokine mRNA
Through primer extension analysis , we found that the transcription of the h2B4 gene initiates at multiple start sites .
Output: h2B4 gene
It is a pterin 4alpha - carbinolamine dehydratase that is involved in the regeneration of the cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin during the phenylalanine hydroxylase - catalyzed hydroxylation of phenylalanine .
Output: cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin
The trans - activator protein Tax of human T - cell leukemia virus type I ( HTLV - I ) plays an important role in the development of adult T - cell leukemia through , at least in part , its ability to stimulate cell growth .
Output: trans - activator
Most of these activities have been largely attributed to the inhibitory effect of D609 on phosphatidylcholine - specific phospholipase C .
Output: phospholipase C
In hypertonic , molybdate - free buffer , these oligomeric complexes were dissociated into subunits with Rs of 5 . 9 + / - 0 . 3 nm ( n = 12 ) and a / b of 11 to 12 , as observed previously for other receptors .
Output: oligomeric complexes
Glucorticoid receptors were studied in various populations of normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes and leukemic lymphoblasts .
Output: Glucorticoid receptors
Thus , the behavior of ZEBRA in human B cells and S . cerevisiae suggests that the protein contains universal activation motifs that interact with conserved components of the transcription machinery .
Output: universal activation motifs
T cell stage - specific PcG expression profiles suggest that PcG genes contribute to regulation of T cell differentiation .
Output: PcG genes
The status of the TRAIL receptors ( assessed by immunoblotting and flow cytometry ) could not predict TRAIL sensitivity of MM cells .
Output: TRAIL receptors
In Western blots using mAbs detecting phosphorylated STAT - 3 , STAT - 5 , STAT - 6 , or extracellular signal - related kinase 1 / 2 , we found that CD45R0 signaling could effectively diminish phosphorylation of these intracellular signaling components .
Output: STAT - 6
Moreover , TH2 cells induced by culturing with autologous BMC directly inhibit EBV - CTL generation , and TH2 associated PKA , CCR3 , and STAT - 6 phosphorylation are enhanced by BMC .
Output: STAT - 6
Therefore , upon in vivo androgen treatment , other cells containing androgen receptors than thymocytes are probably involved in inducing the increase in thymic apoptosis .
Output: androgen receptors
No alterations of thymocyte subpopulations were seen , suggesting that changes in the percentage of CD4 + CD8 + thymocytes after administration of androgens depend on the presence of functional androgen receptors .
Output: androgen receptors
Vitamin D receptor quantitation in human blood mononuclear cells in health and disease .
Output: Vitamin D receptor
Vitamin D receptor ( VDR ) concentration was quantitated in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( PBMC ) from patients with absorptive hypercalciuria ( AH ) and patients with high 1 , 25 ( OH ) 2D3 due to acquired or transient disease states and the results compared to those in normal subjects .
Output: Vitamin D receptor
One of these sequences contains a perfect ETS consensus sequence .
Output: ETS consensus sequence
Another ETS consensus sequence is located 1060 nt upstream .
Output: ETS consensus sequence
A complete inhibition of DNA synthesis by dexamethasone ( Dx ) could be observed when IL 2 - depleted cultures of CTL were either incubated for 6 h with the hormone prior to the addition of IL 2 or treated simultaneously with Dx and a low concentration of IL 2 .
Output: IL 2
Furthermore , supernatant from Dx - treated CTL contained a nondialyzable factor which inhibited DNA synthesis and cell growth of CTL clones induced by IL 2 .
Output: IL 2
Our results indicate that these hormones may also affect T cell proliferation by inhibiting IL 2 activity .
Output: IL 2
To directly examine the effect of 1 , 25 - ( OH ) 2D3 on T cell activation in the absence of other complicating interactions , we utilized a panel of cloned Ia - restricted T cell hybridomas that secrete IL 2 on activation by cloned Ia - bearing stimulator cells ( TA3 ) or when stimulated by mitogen .
Output: IL 2
Physiologic concentrations of 1 , 25 - ( OH ) 2D3 ( 0 . 01 to 0 . 1 nm ) inhibited the antigen - induced secretion of IL 2 by several of these T cell hybridomas .
Output: IL 2
This system should prove useful in studying the molecular mechanisms by which 1 , 25 - ( OH ) 2D3 acts to inhibit T cell activation and subsequent IL 2 production .
Output: IL 2
Inhibition of CD28 / CD3 - mediated costimulation of naive and memory human T lymphocytes by intracellular incorporation of polyclonal antibodies specific for the activator protein - 1 transcriptional complex .
Output: polyclonal antibodies
Similarly , anti - IgM stimulation resulted in enhanced tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT5A in BTK - competent B cells from wild type mice but not in BTK - deficient B cells from XID mice .
Output: anti - IgM
In contrast to B cells from XID mice , B cells from JAK3 knockout mice showed a normal STAT5A phosphorylation response to anti - IgM stimulation .
Output: anti - IgM
Treatment of these cells with anti - IgM Abs leads to the recruitment of the kinase from cytoplasmic and nuclear compartments to the site of the cross - linked receptor at the plasma membrane .
Output: anti - IgM
The expression of constitutively active MAP / ERK kinase kinase 1 ( MEKK1 ) inhibited RXRE - dependent transcription , whereas dominant negative MEKK1 increased the transcription , indicating the involvement of JNK signaling pathways in the process .
Output: dominant negative MEKK1
These observations directly connect the ERK MAPK cascade and HLH proteins in a linear pathway .
Output: HLH proteins
However , the recent description of estrogen receptors in the thymus and in some lymphocyte subpopulations , as well as a deeper understanding of regulating factors in the immune system , open the possibility of a more detailed understanding of the estrogen mechanism of interference .
Output: estrogen receptors
Evidence is presented that if they are to grow , end buds must condition proximal fatty stroma by recruiting white blood cells as well as inducing stromal cell division and , possibly , estrogen receptors .
Output: estrogen receptors
It is thus notable that the pleiotropic effects of type I IFN on CMI remain poorly understood .
Output: type I IFN
Two coxsackievirus B3 ( CVB3 ) variants ( H3 and H310A1 ) differ by a single amino acid mutation in the VP2 capsid protein .
Output: VP2 capsid protein
We have demonstrated previously that in a murine model of normobaric hypoxia pulmonary fibrin deposition is a result of expression of tissue factor , especially in oxygen - deprived mononuclear phagocytes ( MPs ) .
Output: tissue factor
In the five - protein system , Hip prevents inhibition of assembly by the hsp70 co - chaperone BAG - 1 , and cotransfection of Hip with BAG - 1 opposes BAG - 1 reduction of steroid binding activity in COS cells .
Output: BAG - 1
We conclude that Hip is not a component of the assembly machinery but that it could play a regulatory role in opposition to BAG - 1 .
Output: BAG - 1
In acute pancreatitis content of the leukocyte receptors was not altered as compared with controls .
Output: leukocyte receptors
To gain a better understanding of galectin gene expression , we present an analysis of the transcriptional regulation of the gene encoding gal - 10 .
Output: gal - 10
The stroma as the necessary target for endocrine mammogens and the source of stimulatory growth factors is described and the importance of mammary epithelium - induced modifications of the periductal stroma is emphasized .
Output: growth factors
During vertebrate hematopoiesis , FOG and GATA proteins cooperate to promote erythrocyte and megakaryocyte differentiation .
Output: GATA proteins
Thus , regulation of UK - like PAs in HMy2 and GM4672A cells differs with respect to the extent to which glucocorticoids inhibit constitutively expressed activator levels , as well as the possible contribution of glucocorticoid - inducible inhibitors to the regulatory process in GM4672A cells .
Output: constitutively expressed activator
Since the effect of cortisol was additive to that of PgE2 and was not changed by phosphodiesterase inhibitors , it is conceivable that the hormone acts at a level different from the adenylate cyclase - phosphodiesterase system .
Output: adenylate cyclase
Binding of either factor to the octamer element occurred independently .
Output: octamer element
Appropriate sized transcripts were detected in both cultured and fresh peripheral lymphocytes for CYP11A , CYP17 , HSD11L ( 11beta - hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase I ) , HSD17B1 ( 17beta - hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type I ) and SRD5A1 ( 5alpha - reductase I ) .
Output: 5alpha - reductase
Corresponding enzymatic activity was detectable only for 17 - hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and 5alpha - reductase , respectively producing testosterone and 5alpha - dihydrotestosterone .
Output: 5alpha - reductase
Constitutively active STAT3 may contribute to the growth factor hypersensitivity of P . vera cells .
Output: Constitutively active STAT3
The transcriptional events that control T cell tolerance to peripheral self Ags are still unknown .
Output: peripheral self Ags
A third member of the family ( MNP - 3 ) is expressed in PMA induced HL60 cells and probably has a role in monocyte differentiation .
Output: MNP - 3
Moderate - to - severe intraductal epithelial hyperplasias were more often associated with immunoglobulin G localization that were other benign lesions
Output: immunoglobulin G
For this purpose , purified immune immunoglobulin G was covalently linked to Sepharose CL - 4B .
Output: immunoglobulin G
T lymphocytes circulate in a quiescent state until they encounter cognate antigen bound to the surface of an antigen - presenting cell .
Output: cognate antigen
Progesterone receptor ( PR ) level was analyzed in some specimens with the use of a similar method .
Output: Progesterone receptor
To study the mechanism by which protein tyrosine phosphatases ( PTPs ) regulate CD3 - induced tyrosine phosphorylation , we investigated the distribution of PTPs in subdomains of plasma membrane .
Output: protein tyrosine phosphatases
T cells recognizing antigens encoded within map units 0 . 67 to 0 . 73 of HSV DNA are frequently recovered from herpetic lesions .
Output: HSV DNA
The ex vivo expression of I kappa B alpha was higher in PBMCs of controls than of trauma patients .
Output: I kappa B
LPS did not induce I kappa B expression in PBMCs from trauma patients , but strong induction was obtained with staphylococci , suggesting that this defect is not universal and depends on the nature of the activating signal .
Output: I kappa B
Although serine phosphorylation has been shown to induce ubiquitination and subsequent proteasome - mediated degradation of I kappa B - alpha , little is known about the mechanisms that lead to release of active NF - kappa B in T cells as a consequence of tyrosine phosphorylation of I kappa B - alpha [ Imbert , V . , Rupec , R . A . , Livolsi , A . , Pahl , H . L . , Traenckner , B . M . , Mueller - Dieckmann , C . , Farahifar , D . , Rossi , B . , Auberger , P . , Baeuerle , P . & Peyron , J . F . ( 1996 ) Cell 86 , 787 - - 798 ] .
Output: I kappa B
Although the inhibitors prevented both pervanadate - induced phosphorylation of I kappa B - alpha on Tyr42 and NF - kappa B activation , we observed that , in p56 ( lck ) - deficient Jurkat mutants , NF - kappa B could still associate with I kappa B - alpha despite phosphorylation on Tyr42 .
Output: I kappa B
Inhibition of PKC blocked I kappa B alpha degradation and p65 translocation in A / R - challenged , but not redox - altered , endothelial cells .
Output: I kappa B
Pretreatment of cells with N - acetyl cysteine effectively blocked A / R - or redox - induced I kappa B degradation and significantly attenuated the respective neutrophil adhesion responses .
Output: I kappa B
In contrast , mutations at these two sites do not affect heterodimerization of p65 with p50 or its functional interaction with I kappa B alpha .
Output: I kappa B
These later findings indicate that neither homo - nor heterodimer formation is an absolute prerequisite for I kappa B alpha recognition of p65 .
Output: I kappa B
In vivo control of NF - kappa B activation by I kappa B alpha .
Output: I kappa B
It has been shown in vitro that dissociation of I kappa B alpha from these complexes results in active NF - kappa B .
Output: I kappa B
Quite unexpectedly , we also found that in unstimulated cells there is a constant ongoing process of degradation and replacement of complexed I kappa B alpha .
Output: I kappa B
We propose that this turnover results in the low level of active NF - kappa B presumably necessary even in the unstimulated cell , and that the high rate of synthesis of I kappa B alpha provides the ability to turn off NF - kappa B activity rapidly as soon as the activating signal ceases .
Output: I kappa B
Virus infection does not appear to alter the amount of RelA ( p65 ) or NFKB1 ( p50 ) but rather affects the capacity of I kappa B alpha to sequester RelA ( p65 ) , therefore leading to constitutive levels of RelA DNA binding activity and to increased levels of NF - kappa B - dependent gene activity .
Output: I kappa B
DNA binding of the 90 - to 100 - kDa proteins was not inhibited by recombinant I kappa B alpha / MAD - 3 and was resistant to tryptic digestion , suggesting that these proteins may not be NF - kappa B related .
Output: I kappa B
Serum sex steroid and peptide hormone concentrations , and endometrial estrogen and progestin receptor levels during administration of human leukocyte interferon .
Output: human leukocyte interferon
Five normally cycling healthy women were given daily subcutaneous injections of human leukocyte interferon ( 3 X 10 ( 6 ) units / day ) from the 3rd through 23rd day of the menstrual cycle , and serum steroid and peptide hormone concentrations monitored at 3 - day intervals during the treatment and the preceding control cycle .
Output: human leukocyte interferon
The absence of P - CREB following CD3 cross - linking was unexpected , as other laboratories reported increased phosphorylation of CREB following CD3 cross - linking of the Jurkat lymphocyte cell line .
Output: P - CREB
Phosphorylation was not associated with the induction of cAMP , and inhibition of PKA signaling had no effect on P - CREB .
Output: P - CREB
Erythroid Kruppel - like factor ( EKLF ) is a red cell - specific transcriptional activator that is crucial for consolidating the switch to high levels of adult beta - globin expression during erythroid ontogeny .
Output: transcriptional activator
We show here that Bright has multiple contextual requirements to function as a transcriptional activator .
Output: transcriptional activator
Here it is shown that ZEBRA also behaves as a sequence - specific transcriptional activator in Saccharomyces cerevisiae .
Output: transcriptional activator
This sequence - specific binding is probably mediated by a highly conserved sequence motif , ATTTGCAT , present in all three transcriptional elements .
Output: transcriptional elements
Gel shift analysis , using extracts of B cells in latency or induced into the lytic cycle , identified Sp1 and Sp3 as the predominant cellular proteins bound to Rp near - 45 .
Output: cellular proteins
BACKGROUND : Expression of pro - inflammatory cytokines is increased in the intestinal lamina propria of patients with inflammatory bowel disease ( IBD ) .
Output: inflammatory cytokines
We have shown that DEPs augmented the production of inflammatory cytokines by human airway epithelial cells in vitro .
Output: inflammatory cytokines
Stem cell factor ( SCF ) and erythropoietin ( EPO ) work synergistically to support erythropoiesis , but the mechanism for this synergism is unknown .
Output: Stem cell factor
These findings are compatible with our previous report that nm23 gene is overexpressed in monocytic leukemia .
Output: nm23 gene
gp34 is a type II transmembrane molecule belonging to the tumor necrosis factor family and is constitutively expressed on HTLV - I - producing cells but not normal resting T cells .
Output: tumor necrosis factor
Mechanism of the inhibitory effect of protease inhibitor on tumor necrosis factor alpha production of monocytes .
Output: tumor necrosis factor
Monocytes are extremely important cells for regulating the cytokine network and tumor necrosis factor alpha ( TNFalpha ) and interleukin - ( IL ) 10 , which are mainly synthesized by monocytes , are representative cytokines that play a central role in the cytokine network .
Output: tumor necrosis factor
Identification of a novel cyclosporin - sensitive element in the human tumor necrosis factor alpha gene promoter .
Output: tumor necrosis factor
PLB - IIIB cells displayed a constitutive NF - kappa B - like binding activity that was distinct from that induced by tumor necrosis factor alpha or phorbol 12 - myristate 13 - acetate treatment of the parental PLB - 985 cell line .
Output: tumor necrosis factor
We have previously reported that the activation of resting human immature peripheral blood T ( PBT ) lymphocytes is associated with the loss of retinoid X receptor alpha ( RXRalpha ) expression .
Output: retinoid X receptor
Transcriptional regulation by C / EBP alpha and - beta in the expression of the gene for the MRP14 myeloid calcium binding protein .
Output: C / EBP
An anti - C / EBP delta antibody had no effect on the complex in either cell .
Output: C / EBP
Thus , it was concluded that C / EBP alpha and - beta were able to bind to the C / EBP motif , and that C / EBP alpha bound to the motif in THP - 1 cells and C / EBP beta bound to that in the VD3 - treated HL - 60 cells .
Output: C / EBP
The luciferase activity of the C / EBP motif in HL - 60 cells was increased by VD3 treatment .
Output: C / EBP
Since C / EBP beta was also detected in VD3 - untreated HL - 60 cells by immunoblotting , VD3 activated C / EBP beta to bind to the motif , probably through post - translational modification .
Output: C / EBP
Sequence variation at both C / EBP and ATF / CREB sites affects the molecular interactions involved in mediating both of these mechanisms .
Output: C / EBP
However , the molecular mechanisms regulating SDF1 alpha - driven cell migration are not well defined .
Output: SDF1 alpha
However , these compounds did not have a significant effect on SDF1 alpha - induced mitogen - activated protein kinase activity .
Output: SDF1 alpha
In addition , the MAP / Erk kinase kinase inhibitor PD98059 did not abrogate SDF1 alpha - induced chemotaxis .
Output: SDF1 alpha
AKT , which has been shown to mediate NO production , was also phosphorylated upon SDF1 alpha stimulation .
Output: SDF1 alpha
These studies suggest that NO - related signaling pathways may mediate SDF1 alpha - induced chemotaxis , but not mitogen - activated protein kinase activation .
Output: SDF1 alpha
Ultrastructural studies demonstrated sequential changes in the cytoplasm , including swelling of mitochondria and cytoplasmic decompartmentalizati , followed by loss of surface microvilli with the appearance of ` ` holes ' ' in the cell membrane , and subsequent condensation of nuclear chromatin .
Output: nuclear chromatin
CBFbeta - SMMHC preferentially inhibits the differentiation of myeloid lineage cells , while increasing the number of blastlike cells in culture .
Output: CBFbeta - SMMHC
Friend of GATA ( FOG ) proteins regulate GATA factor - activated gene transcription .
Output: GATA factor
The timing and pattern of expression of these different mRNAs during avian erythroid development and differentiation suggests that temporally regulated changes in GATA factor expression are required for vertebrate hematopoiesis .
Output: GATA factor
BACKGROUND : Antigen - receptor interactions on lymphocytes result in local clustering of actin , receptors and signaling molecules into an asymmetric membrane structure termed a cap .
Output: signaling molecules
Attenuation of the inducible transcriptional response occurs during heat shock or upon recovery at non - stress conditions and involves dissociation of the HSF1 trimer and loss of activity .
Output: HSF1 trimer
In this study , we utilized this technology to identify HLA DQ - restricted Ag - specific T cells in the peripheral blood of human subjects and to identify immunodominant epitopes associated with viral infection .
Output: HLA DQ
Cortisol was able to minimize the enhancement of NK cytotoxicity obtainable in the presence of immune interferon ( IFN - gamma ) .
Output: IFN - gamma
The hypothesis of a general abnormality of the IFN - gamma transduction pathway was dismissed .
Output: IFN - gamma
Stat6ko Vgamma1 ( + ) cells ( IFN - gamma ( + ) ) were not inhibitory .
Output: IFN - gamma
Stat6ko Vgamma4 ( + ) cells ( IFN - gamma ( + ) ) significantly enhanced myocarditis .
Output: IFN - gamma
We examined whether IFN - gamma - positive cells ( as expression of Th1 response ) were present in the skin lesions of dermatophytosis in situ by immunohistochemical techniques .
Output: IFN - gamma
IFN - gamma - positive cells were present in the upper dermis of the lesions .
Output: IFN - gamma
The pattern of IFN - gamma staining appeared to be intracellular in mononuclear lymphoid cells .
Output: IFN - gamma
The staining was considered to be highly specific because it could be completely blocked by preabsorption with recombinant IFN - gamma .
Output: IFN - gamma
Th1 response , which is characterized by IFN - gamma release , is thought to be involved in the host defense against dermatophytes and to reflect cutaneous reaction in dermatophytosis .
Output: IFN - gamma
T - cell - mediated regulation of osteoclastogenesis by signalling cross - talk between RANKL and IFN - gamma .
Output: IFN - gamma
This inhibition of osteoclastogenesis is rescued by overexpressing TRAF6 in precursor cells , which indicates that TRAF6 is the target critical for the IFN - gamma action .
Output: IFN - gamma
Furthermore , we provide evidence that the accelerated degradation of TRAF6 requires both its ubiquitination , which is initiated by RANKL , and IFN - gamma - induced activation of the ubiquitin - proteasome system .
Output: IFN - gamma
Secreted TNF protein as detected in the Wehi 164S / ActD bioassay and in a sandwich immunoassay was similarly reduced by PDTC .
Output: TNF protein
Kinetic analyses show that after LPS stimulation , NF - kappa B will peak at 1 h , TNF transcript prevalence at 2 h , and TNF protein at 4 h .
Output: TNF protein
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes directed against well - characterized epitopes of EBV latency genes represent an already successful and promising therapeutic approach to EBV - associated lymphomas , in particular PTLDs
Output: EBV latency genes
The Bright DNA binding domain defined a new family , which includes SWI1 , a component of the SWI . SNF complex shown to have high mobility group - like DNA binding characteristics .
Output: DNA binding domain
Constitutive transcription of CIITA from promoter III having been observed in unrelated melanoma cell lines , we propose the hypothesis that this phenomenon might not be a random event , but could be linked to the neoplasic state of the melanoma cells
Output: promoter III
MHC tetramers , which constitute a labeled MHC - peptide ligand suitable for binding to the Ag - specific receptor on T cells , provide a novel approach for the detection and characterization of such rare cells .
Output: MHC tetramers
Regulation of chemokine mRNA expression in a rat model of vanadium - induced pulmonary inflammation .
Output: chemokine mRNA
Using a rat model of acute lung inflammation induced by intratracheal instillation of sodium metavanadate ( NaVO3 ) at the dose of 200 microg V / kg , we investigated the relationship between the cytologic characterization of pulmonary inflammation and the expression of chemokine mRNA .
Output: chemokine mRNA
BMI - 1 and EZH2 Polycomb - group ( PcG ) proteins belong to two distinct protein complexes involved in the regulation of hematopoiesis .
Output: BMI - 1
Using unique PcG - specific antisera and triple immunofluorescence , we found that mature resting peripheral T cells expressed BMI - 1 , whereas dividing blasts were EZH2 ( + ) .
Output: BMI - 1
By contrast , subcapsular immature double - negative ( DN ) ( CD4 ( - ) / CD8 ( - ) ) T cells in the thymus coexpressed BMI - 1 and EZH2 or were BMI - 1 single positive .
Output: BMI - 1
Their descendants , double - positive ( DP ; CD4 ( + ) / CD8 ( + ) ) cortical thymocytes , expressed EZH2 without BMI - 1 .
Output: BMI - 1
Most EZH2 ( + ) DN and DP thymocytes were dividing , while DN BMI - 1 ( + ) / EZH2 ( - ) thymocytes were resting and proliferation was occasionally noted in DN BMI - 1 ( + ) / EZH2 ( + ) cells .
Output: BMI - 1
Maturation of DP cortical thymocytes to single - positive ( CD4 ( + ) / CD8 ( - ) or CD8 ( + ) / CD4 ( - ) ) medullar thymocytes correlated with decreased detectability of EZH2 and continued relative absence of BMI - 1 .
Output: BMI - 1
Our data show that BMI - 1 and EZH2 expression in mature peripheral T cells is mutually exclusive and linked to proliferation status , and that this pattern is not yet established in thymocytes of the cortex and medulla .
Output: BMI - 1
In addition , caspase - 3 , an executioner of apoptosis , was activated and its substrate , poly ( ADP - ribose ) polymerase ( PARP ) , was cleaved during 2 , 2 ' , 4 , 6 , 6 ' - PeCB - induced apoptosis .
Output: caspase - 3
CD45 tyrosine phosphatase controls common gamma - chain cytokine - mediated STAT and extracellular signal - related kinase phosphorylation in activated human lymphoblasts : inhibition of proliferation without induction of apoptosis .
Output: CD45 tyrosine phosphatase
The clonality of mature peripheral blood - derived myeloid and lymphoid cells and bone marrow haemopoietic progenitors from 18 females with myelodysplasia ( MDS ) ( five refractory anaemia , RA ; one RA with ringed sideroblasts , RARS ; three chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia , CMML ; four RA with excess of blasts , RAEB ; five RAEB in transformation , RAEB - t ) was studied by X - chromosome inactivation analysis .
Output: X - chromosome
X - chromosome inactivation patterns of CD19 + B cells were highly concordant with CD3 + T cells except for two patients ( one RA , one CMML ) with monoclonal B and polyclonal T lymphocytes , therefore suggesting a clonal mutation in a progenitor common to the myeloid and B - lymphoid lineages or the coexistence of MDS and a B - cell disorder in these particular patients .
Output: X - chromosome
To evaluate the role of NF - kappa B in human peripheral blood T - lymphocytes , we previously analyzed the activation of NF - kappa B - related complexes in response to CD2 + CD28 costimulation .
Output: CD2 + CD28
Using electrophoretic mobility shift assays and Western and Northern blot analyses , we studied NF - kappa B1 gene expression during T - cell stimulation via CD2 + CD28 .
Output: CD2 + CD28
Glucocorticoid receptors are differentially expressed in the cells and tissues of the immune system .
Output: Glucocorticoid receptors
[ Glucocorticoid receptors and response to polychemotherapy in acute lymphatic leukemia ]
Output: Glucocorticoid receptors
Glucocorticoid receptors in lymphoid tumors .
Output: Glucocorticoid receptors
Glucocorticoid receptors and cortico - sensitivity in a human clonal monocytic cell line , CM - SM .
Output: Glucocorticoid receptors
Glucocorticoid receptors and in vitro corticosensitivity of peanut - positive and peanut - negative human thymocyte subpopulations .
Output: Glucocorticoid receptors
Glucocorticoid receptors of mononuclear leukocytes from myasthenia gravis patients .
Output: Glucocorticoid receptors
Glucocorticoid receptors and steroid sensitivity in normal and neoplastic human lymphoid tissues : a review .
Output: Glucocorticoid receptors
[ Glucocorticoid receptors in normal human lymphocytes ]
Output: Glucocorticoid receptors
Glucocorticoid receptors were measured in T lymphocytes that were isolated from peripheral blood by either nylon wool filtration or E - rosette sedimentation .
Output: Glucocorticoid receptors
Glucocorticoid receptors and glucocorticoid sensitivity of human leukemic cells .
Output: Glucocorticoid receptors
Glucocorticoid receptors and sensitivity in leukemias .
Output: Glucocorticoid receptors
Glucocorticoid receptors in cytosol and nuclear extract of human leukocytes .
Output: Glucocorticoid receptors
Glucocorticoid receptors and actions in rat thymocytes and immunologically stimulated human peripheral lymphocytes .
Output: Glucocorticoid receptors
Our findings of distinct signal transducer requirements , with the added consequences of cross - talk , offers an explanation for variable modulation of costimulatory molecule expression in response to diverse physiological stimuli .
Output: costimulatory molecule
Our results suggest that LIGHT is a costimulatory molecule involved in DC - mediated cellular immune responses .
Output: costimulatory molecule
Possible involvement of an inhibitory protein .
Output: inhibitory protein
The action of these hormones possibly involves the synthesis of an inhibitory protein ( s ) , since the presence of cycloheximide during the incubation with Dx prevented the inhibition of DNA synthesis .
Output: inhibitory protein
Some of these factors appear to exert their effect by controlling critical receptor properties such as ATP - dependent phosphorylation , integrity of thiol groups , and exposure of key amino acid residues .
Output: thiol groups
We demonstrate that Nef - ER inducibly associates with the 62 - kDa Ser / Thr kinase and is localized to specific membrane microdomains ( lipid rafts ) only after activation .
Output: Nef - ER
Some of the T cells had the Ia antigen and were thus probably activated .
Output: Ia antigen
Consistent with previous cytosolic receptor binding studies on immune tissue homogenates , thymic T cells were found to have higher levels of GR than T cells isolated from the spleen .
Output: cytosolic receptor
A comparison of the CPG assay to dextran coated charcoal and a whole cell assay demonstrates that CPG and dextran coated charcoal give equivalent measurements of cytosolic receptor concentration , while the CPG and whole cell assays provide equivalent values for total receptor content .
Output: cytosolic receptor
Mean and median cytosolic receptor concentrations in 12 acute lymphoblastic leukemia specimens lacking the standard B - cell or T - cell markers ( ` ` null cells ' ' ) were approximately 4 - fold higher than in 23 other leukemic cell specimens .
Output: cytosolic receptor
A novel NF - kappa B complex containing p65 homodimers : implications for transcriptional control at the level of subunit dimerization .
Output: p65 homodimers
We now provide direct biochemical evidence for the presence of an endogenous pool of inducible p65 homodimers in intact human T cells .
Output: p65 homodimers
NFAT expression was determined by using immunoprecipitation and Western blot analysis , DNA - binding assays , and RT - PCR analysis of eosinophil mRNA .
Output: eosinophil mRNA
The kinetics of TNF - alpha mRNA expression was faster , being at its peak level 1 hr after stimulation .
Output: TNF - alpha
RESULTS : cAMP - elevating agents inhibited LPS - stimulated TNF - alpha release ( 0 . 77 + / - 0 . 13 ng / 10 ( 6 ) cells in LPS + dbcAMP and 0 . 68 + / - 0 . 19 ng / 10 ( 6 ) cells in LPS + FSK , both P < 0 . 05 vs 1 . 61 + / - 0 . 34 ng / 10 ( 6 ) cells in LPS alone ) .
Output: TNF - alpha
TNF - alpha - related apoptosis - inducing ligand ( TRAIL ) is characterized by its preferential induction of apoptosis of tumor cells but not normal cells .
Output: TNF - alpha
All these findings suggest that uninfected PBMC can undergo activation of signal transduction and apoptosis after exposure to bystander HIV - infected cells , subsequent to the induction of cytokines such as IFNs and TNF - alpha .
Output: TNF - alpha
OBJECTIVE : Tumor necrosis factor - alpha ( TNF - alpha ) induces a variety of cellular responses , some of them being at least seemingly contradictory .
Output: TNF - alpha
Thus , we set out to find differences in the modes of proliferative and apoptotic responses to TNF - alpha .
Output: TNF - alpha
MATERIALS AND METHODS : We screened a panel of acute myeloid leukemia - derived cell lines for TNF - alpha - responsiveness .
Output: TNF - alpha
In two lines ( OCI - AML - 1 , OCI - AML - 11 ) , TNF - alpha acted as an apoptotic agent ; in others ( HU - 3 , M - 07e , TF - 1 ) , it had the opposite effect , preventing apoptosis and inducing proliferation .
Output: TNF - alpha
Nevertheless , inhibitors of these pathways clearly reduced the TNF - alpha - induced cell growth , indicating that TNF - alpha - proliferative cells produced a growth factor that induced proliferation upon stimulation of the above pathways .
Output: TNF - alpha
Tumor necrosis factor alpha ( TNF - alpha ) , a cytokine with pleiotropic biological effects , is produced by a variety of cell types in response to induction by diverse stimuli .
Output: TNF - alpha
Acetylation and modulation of erythroid Kruppel - like factor ( EKLF ) activity by interaction with histone acetyltransferases .
Output: histone acetyltransferases
Acyl - coenzyme A : cholesterol acyltransferase ( ACAT ) is an intracellular enzyme involved in cellular cholesterol homeostasis and in atherosclerotic foam cell formation .
Output: intracellular enzyme
These results indicate that the fly and mouse FOG proteins function similarly in three distinct cellular contexts in Drosophila , but may use different mechanisms to regulate genetic events in blood vs . cardial or eye cell lineages
Output: FOG proteins
In electrophoretic mobility shift assays , an oligonucleotide containing kappa 3 forms two DNA protein complexes with proteins that are present in extracts from unstimulated T cells .
Output: kappa 3
The results indicate that mononuclear leukocytes could be useful for studying the physiological significance of these mineralocorticoid receptors and their regulation in humans .
Output: mineralocorticoid receptors
These data suggest a possible down - regulation of mineralocorticoid receptors in humans .
Output: mineralocorticoid receptors
Constitutively activated Akt - 1 is vital for the survival of human monocyte - differentiated macrophages .
Output: Akt - 1
Here , we focused on the role of the PI3K - regulated serine / threonine kinase Akt - 1 in modulating macrophage survival .
Output: Akt - 1
Akt - 1 was constitutively activated in human macrophages and addition of the PI3K inhibitor , LY294002 , suppressed the activation of Akt - 1 and induced cell death .
Output: Akt - 1
Furthermore , suppression of Akt - 1 by inhibition of PI3K or a dominant negative ( DN ) Akt - 1 resulted in loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential , activation of caspases - 9 and - 3 , and DNA fragmentation .
Output: Akt - 1
The effects of PI3K inhibition were reversed by the ectopic expression of constitutively activated Akt - 1 or Bcl - x ( L ) .
Output: Akt - 1
Results with a small molecule phospholipid flippase mimetic suggest azPC acts intracellularly and that cellular azPC accumulation was efficient .
Output: phospholipid flippase mimetic
In this study we investigated the mechanism of the inhibitory effect of protease inhibitors on the proinflammatory cytokine production of lipopolysaccharide - ( LPS ) stimulated monocytes .
Output: proinflammatory cytokine
TRAIL expression on immature CD34DCs or MoDCs was greatly up - regulated after IFN - beta stimulation .
Output: IFN - beta
Moreover , IFN - beta could strikingly enhance the ability of CD34DCs or MoDCs to kill TRAIL - sensitive tumor cells , but LPS did not have such an effect .
Output: IFN - beta
Critical downregulatory role of IL - 4 .
Output: IL - 4
Stat6 is necessary and sufficient for IL - 4 ' s role in Th2 differentiation and cell expansion .
Output: IL - 4
IL - 4 plays a critical role in the differentiation of T CR - stimulated naive CD4 T cells to the Th2 phenotype .
Output: IL - 4
Upon hIL - 4 stimulation , Y497F worked as well as the WT hIL - 4Ralpha in driving Th2 differentiation , as measured by Gata3 up - regulation and IL - 4 production .
Output: IL - 4
These results suggest that the signal pathway mediated by Y497 is dispensable for both IL - 4 - driven Th2 differentiation and cell expansion .
Output: IL - 4
Stat4ko Vgamma1 ( + ) cells ( IL - 4 ( + ) ) suppress myocarditis .
Output: IL - 4
Stat4ko Vgamma4 ( + ) cells ( IL - 4 ( + ) ) neither inhibited nor enhanced disease .
Output: IL - 4
Although interleukin ( IL ) - 12 and IL - 4 polarize naive CD4 ( + ) T cells toward T helper cell type 1 ( Th1 ) or Th2 phenotypes , it is not known whether cytokines instruct the developmental fate in uncommitted progenitors or select for outgrowth of cells that have stochastically committed to a particular fate .
Output: IL - 4
We observe IL - 4 - dependent redirection of phenotype in cells that have already committed to a non - IL - 4 - producing fate , inconsistent with predictions of the selective model .
Output: IL - 4
It is concluded that anti - inflammatory salicylates , by means of a previously unrecognized mechanism of action , can influence the nature of adaptive immune responses by selectively inhibiting the expression of IL - 4 , a critical effector of these responses , in CD4 + T cells .
Output: IL - 4
The addition of BMC to the EBV - CTL generation cultures increased the intracellular expression in CD3 + cells of IL - 4 , - 5 , - 6 , - 10 , and - 13 .
Output: IL - 4
Eosinophil nuclear extracts contain multiple factors that can specifically recognize the IL - 4 promoter P1 NFAT site in DNA - binding assays , including NFATp .
Output: IL - 4
Using enhancer - reporter constructs , IL - 4 specifically down - regulated the NFIL - 2B element .
Output: IL - 4
Regulation of adhesion molecule expression and function by reactive oxygen species via specific redox sensitive mechanisms have been reported .
Output: adhesion molecule
The effects of clinically safe antioxidants in the regulation of adhesion molecule expression in human endothelial cells ( ECV ) , and adherence of human Jurkat T cells to ECV cells were investigated .
Output: adhesion molecule
The thiol antioxidant , alpha - lipoate , at clinically relevant doses down - regulated phorbol 12 - myristate 13 - acetate ( PMA ) - induced adhesion molecule expression and cell - cell adhesion .
Output: adhesion molecule
Inhibition of PMA - induced adhesion molecule expression and cell - cell adhesion was more pronounced when a combination of antioxidants , alpha - lipoate and alpha - tocopherol , were used compared to the use of either of these antioxidant alone .
Output: adhesion molecule
Plasma monocyte chemoattractant protein - 1 and soluble intracellular adhesion molecule - 1 concentrations did not decrease significantly after troglitazone treatment , although there was a trend toward inhibition .
Output: adhesion molecule
We also measured the effect of high glucose on the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule - 1 and vascular adhesion molecule - 1 by flow cytometry and semiquantitative RT - PCR in mesangial cells and the adhesion of leukocytes to mesangial cells .
Output: adhesion molecule
Cells exposed to high - glucose ( 15 , 30 , or 60 mmol / l ) or osmotic agents ( L - glucose , raffinose and mannitol ) showed that intercellular adhesion molecule - 1 expression began to increase after 24 h , reached its maximum at 24 and 48 h and gradually decreased afterwards .
Output: adhesion molecule
Neither vascular adhesion molecule - 1 protein nor mRNA expression was , however , affected by high glucose and high mannitol .
Output: adhesion molecule
Furthermore , the NF - kappa B inhibitor N - tosyl - L - phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone reduced high glucose - or high mannitol - induced intercellular adhesion molecule - 1 mRNA expression and high glucose - induced proliferation .
Output: adhesion molecule
The time course of heme oxygenase - 1 and - 2 , cytokine - induced neutrophil chemoattractant - 1 , and intercellular adhesion molecule - 1 was studied by Northern analysis .
Output: adhesion molecule