niryuu/sni-each-converted huggingface dataset:
The administration of 1 mg of dexamethasone , 5 mg of prednisone , and 37 . 5 mg of cortisone acetate resulted in a 30 % decrease in binding sites after 1 week with no change in binding affinity .
Output: binding sites
No changes in the number of binding sites was noted before 1 week and the diminished number persisted for 1 week after discontinuation of glucocorticoid treatment .
Output: binding sites
Lymphocytes from hospitalized patients taking 40 - 60 mg of dexamethasone daily demonstrated the same change in number of binding sites that was seen in normal subjects taking 1 mg of dexamethasone .
Output: binding sites
When binding assays were carried out at physiologic temperature there was the same decrease in number of binding sites after dexamethasone administration , and in addition , there was a two - fold increase in binding affinity .
Output: binding sites
Glucocorticoid administration results in a time - dependent decrease in the number of lymphocyte glucocorticoid binding sites that is independent of the type of glucocorticoid administered .
Output: binding sites
Using a whole cell competitive binding assay , normal human lymphocytes had 5977 + / - 1487 ( mean + / - SD ) binding sites / cell and a dissociation constant of 10 + / - 2 nM .
Output: binding sites
Lymphocytes from patients with untreated adrenal insufficiency had fewer binding sites ( 3364 + / - 322 ) and a 2 - fold increase in binding affinity ( 5 . 4 + / - 0 . 9 mM ) .
Output: binding sites
In contrast , the binding of [ 3H ] DEX to C7 cytosol revealed a single class of binding sites ( Kd = 1 . 9 nM ; receptor concentration , 0 . 46 pmol / mg protein ) .
Output: binding sites
Previous studies , however , have not revealed any consistent relationship between clinical responsiveness and the cellular or cytosolic concentration of glucocorticoid - binding sites .
Output: binding sites
Scatchard analysis of the binding data revealed a single class of high - affinity binding on human B cells with approximately 2600 binding sites per cell and an apparent dissociation constant ( K ( D ) ) of about 0 . 1 nM .
Output: binding sites
In the normal lymphocytes there were 3 , 875 ( Median ) specific binding sites per cell .
Output: binding sites
The blasts from 17 patients with ANLL had on average higher levels of binding sites per cell ( Median = 7 , 250 , range : 0 to 15 , 295 ) than the other leukemias .
Output: binding sites
The functional importance of the other binding sites only became apparent when combinations of mutations were analyzed .
Output: binding sites
The effect of SHBG was largely abolished by heating to 60 degrees C for 1 h and by saturating its binding sites by DHT .
Output: binding sites
It appears that the binding sites of albumin provide a mechanism for retarding androstenedione uptake by the erythrocytes and that the high binding affinity of SHBG for testosterone facilitates the diffusion of this steroid out of the cell and thus , displaces the chemical equilibrium within the cell .
Output: binding sites
Presence of estrogen - binding sites on macrophage - like synoviocytes and CD8 + , CD29 + , CD45RO + T lymphocytes in normal and rheumatoid synovium .
Output: binding sites
To study the presence of estrogen - binding sites ( EBS ) in the synovial tissues of male and female patients with rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) and in age - and sex - matched healthy controls .
Output: binding sites
Notably , CD28 ligation activated p38 MAPK and CaMKIV , the kinases stimulated by CD3 engagement , suggesting that CD28 acts by increasing the activation extent of p38 MAPK and CaMKIV .
Output: p38 MAPK
Conversely , cAMP enhanced LPS - stimulated IL - 10 release ( 100 + / - 21 . 5 pg / 10 ( 6 ) cells in LPS + dbcAMP and 110 + / - 25 . 2 pg / 10 ( 6 ) cells in LPS + FSK , both P < 0 . 05 vs 53 . 3 + / - 12 . 8 pg / 10 ( 6 ) cells in LPS alone ) .
Output: IL - 10
The inhibition was induced by interaction with macrophages that had contacted with P . berghei - infected erythrocytes and was mediated by a soluble factor , IL - 10 .
Output: IL - 10
The latency pattern of Epstein - Barr virus infection and viral IL - 10 expression in cutaneous natural killer / T - cell lymphomas .
Output: IL - 10
The value of TNFalpha and IL - 10 in the culture medium of monocytes was measured and each mRNA expression was assayed .
Output: IL - 10
GM decreased the TNFalpha production of LPS - stimulated monocytes as shown by the inhibition of mRNA expression and increased the IL - 10 production of LPS - stimulated monocytes .
Output: IL - 10
In contrast , IL - 10 alone appeared to account for STAT3 activation resulting from B cell stimulation with phorbol ester and calcium ionophore .
Output: IL - 10
Therapeutic concentrations of glucocorticoids suppress the antimicrobial activity of human macrophages without impairing their responsiveness to gamma interferon .
Output: gamma interferon
The p12 ( I ) protein , encoded by the pX open reading frame I of the human T - lymphotropic virus type 1 ( HTLV - 1 ) , is a hydrophobic protein that localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi .
Output: hydrophobic protein
The transcriptional activity of the CD4 gene promoter correlated with CD4 expression in various cell types .
Output: CD4 gene promoter
Previously described enhancement of in vitro transcription that was only seen with nuclear extracts derived from B - cell neoplasms corresponding to the late stages of B - cell differentiation was shown to be dependent on the actions of these factor ( s ) on the DNA region within the V kappa gene promoter .
Output: V kappa
Importantly , the stress - activated protein kinases ( SAPKs ) were not significantly activated in response to Abeta .
Output: protein kinases
The present study addressed the role of different protein kinases in the LPS induction of cytokines .
Output: protein kinases
The ratios of nuclear to cytosolic hormone - receptor - complexes and of cytosolic activated to unactivated receptor complexes in intact cells are similar to Old World primates .
Output: unactivated receptor complexes
Positive and negative regulation of granulopoiesis by endogenous RARalpha .
Output: endogenous RARalpha
Whether these translocations relate to a role for endogenous RARalpha in normal granulopoiesis remains uncertain because most studies addressing this question have used non - physiological overexpression systems .
Output: endogenous RARalpha
Decreased deoxyribonucleic acid binding of glucocorticoid - receptor complex in cultured skin fibroblasts from a patient with the glucocorticoid resistance syndrome .
Output: receptor complex
Excess labeled steroid as well as most non - specifically bound steroid is easily washed away , leaving the hormone - receptor complex retained by the beads .
Output: receptor complex
Activation can be achieved in vitro by increased ionic strength , dilution or gel filtration and is manifested by an increased affinity of steroid - receptor complex for DNA and an altered elution profile from ion - exchange resins .
Output: receptor complex
Binding of dexamethasone to cytosol and nuclear forms of the receptor complex and temperature - sensitive translocation of cytosol forms to nuclear forms were shown .
Output: receptor complex
At 37 degrees C the predominant form of the hormone - receptor complex was nuclear .
Output: receptor complex
The experiments with intact human lymphoblasts suggest that assays of specific glucocorticoid - binding capacity do not necessarily reflect the cellular content of receptor protein .
Output: receptor protein
Whether the detected transcripts are translated into functional receptor proteins remains to be determined .
Output: functional receptor proteins
Here we report that cAMP - induced effects in Th2 cells occur independently of the protein kinase A pathway , which is the major mediator of cAMP - induced signaling events in most cell types .
Output: protein kinase A
As reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) are implicated in the signaling of lipopolysaccharide ( LPS ) , we examined whether CS has a suppressive effect on inflammatory cytokine generation from human monocyte s in vitro .
Output: inflammatory cytokine
Exposure of HUVECs to B . fragilis outer membrane fractions , separated from other components of the B . fragilis cell wall by isopycnic , sucrose gradient centrifugation , significantly increased surface expression of E - selectin and induced functional endothelial cell - dependent leukocyte adhesion .
Output: E - selectin
B . fragilis outer membranes induced translocation of NF - kappa B to HUVEC nuclei and accumulation of E - selectin mRNA in HUVEC cytoplasm .
Output: E - selectin
E - selectin expression induced by B . fragilis outer membranes was not blocked by polymixin B .
Output: E - selectin
In contrast , E - selectin expression induced by outer membrane fractions purified from E . coli was competitively inhibited by polymixin B .
Output: E - selectin
NF kappa b signaling in posthypoxic endothelial cells : relevance to E - selectin expression and neutrophil adhesion .
Output: E - selectin
Similarly , A / R - induced E - selectin expression and neutrophil - endothelial cell adhesion were blocked by inhibition of PKC or PTK , while only PTK inhibited the redox - induced adhesion response .
Output: E - selectin
The transformed receptor then interacts with chromatin ( state D ) .
Output: transformed receptor
The cytokine - dependent murine myeloid FDC - P1 and human erythroleukemic TF - 1 cell lines were transformed to grow in response to deregulated Raf expression in the absence of exogenous cytokines .
Output: exogenous cytokines
Congenital immunodeficiencies associated with absence of HLA class II antigens on lymphocytes result from distinct mutations in trans - acting factors .
Output: class II antigens
Further studies show that genes governing the expression of class II antigens fall into at least three complementation groups ; two of these were previously unidentified in mutant cell lines generated in vitro .
Output: class II antigens
Flow cytometry and RNase protection were used to analyze IL - 1 - dependent events .
Output: IL - 1
RESULTS : C57BL / 6 ( B6 ) , 129 / Sv , and ( B6 x 129 / Sv ) F1 hybrid mice , all H - 2b strains , were susceptible to mBSA / IL - 1 - induced arthritis , whereas C3H / HeJ ( H - 2k ) mice were not .
Output: IL - 1
CONCLUSION : Arthritis induced by mBSA / IL - 1 is strain specific and dependent on CD4 + T lymphocytes and at least partially on RelB , but not on B lymphocytes or antibody .
Output: IL - 1
This model of acute monarticular arthritis is particularly suitable for further investigations into cell - mediated immunity in arthritis and the role of IL - 1 .
Output: IL - 1
The receptor concentration of the low affinity site ( 0 . 30 pmol / mg protein ) was approximately twice that of the high affinity site ( 0 . 14 pmol / mg protein ) .
Output: high affinity site
Using 32P - labeled Egr consensus oligonucleotide , we observed induction of DNA - binding activity in nuclear extracts from hypoxic lung and HeLa cells because of activation of Egr - 1 , by means of supershift analysis .
Output: Egr - 1
It has been shown that levels of Egr - 1 expression are closely correlated with B cell proliferation in several models of B cell activation and tolerance .
Output: Egr - 1
The mRNA level of nm23 - H2 was slightly below the normal level .
Output: nm23 - H2
To gain further insight into the relationship of Runx2 to other lymphomagenic pathways , we tested the effect of combining the CD2 - Runx2 transgene either with a Pim1 transgene ( E ( mu ) - Pim1 ) or with the p53 null genotype , as each of these displays independent synergy with Myc .
Output: Pim1 transgene
Current models propose that the functions of Ikaros should be disrupted by a small isoform that retains the dimerization domain and lacks the DNA - binding domain .
Output: dimerization domain
Within this fragment , three nucleic acid sequences are completely conserved in the murine CD4 gene .
Output: murine CD4 gene
Thus , the FANCC protein functions to modulate expression of a family of genes that in normal cells are inducible only by specific environmental cues for apoptosis or mitogenic inhibition , but it does so independently of the classic IFN - STAT1 pathway and is not the direct result of reduced ICSBP expression .
Output: FANCC protein
Troglitazone , a PPARgamma ligand , inhibits osteopontin gene expression in human monocytes / macrophage THP - 1 cells .
Output: PPARgamma ligand
In this study , we examined whether PPARgamma ligand regulates osteopontin gene expression in THP - 1 cells , a cell line derived from human monocytic leukemia cells which can differentiate to macrophage upon stimulation with phorbol ester PMA .
Output: PPARgamma ligand
Troglitazone , a PPARgamma ligand , dramatically attenuated the PMA - induced osteopontin expression .
Output: PPARgamma ligand
To evaluate this effect in vivo , apolipoprotein E ( - / - ) mice were randomly assigned to receive standard chow , a high - cholesterol diet , or a high - cholesterol diet with hypertension induced by angiotensin II infusion for 8 weeks .
Output: angiotensin II
Renal interstitial fibrosis is reduced in angiotensin II type 1a receptor - deficient mice .
Output: angiotensin II
This study established a UUO model in angiotensin type 1a receptor ( AT1a ) deficient ( mutant ) mice to elucidate the role of angiotensin II through AT1a on the fibrosis of the obstructed kidney ( OBK ) .
Output: angiotensin II
The results provide direct evidence that angiotensin II acting via the AT1a plays a pivotal role in the development of tubulointerstitial fibrosis in UUO .
Output: angiotensin II
Two Tax mutants differentially activated expression of these two elements .
Output: Tax mutants
Although DRA1 * 0101 / DRB1 * 0401 and DRA1 * 0101 / DRB1 * 0404 are structurally very similar , nonoverlapping VP16 epitopes were identified , illustrating high selectivity of individual allele polymorphisms within common MHC variants .
Output: VP16 epitopes
We propose that alpha3beta1 and alpha6beta4 heterodimers are induced to cluster at the TEC surface recognizing yet unknown cellular ligands differentially expressed during T cell development .
Output: cellular ligands
TRAIL / Apo2L ligand selectively induces apoptosis and overcomes drug resistance in multiple myeloma : therapeutic applications .
Output: TRAIL / Apo2L
TRAIL / Apo2L potently induced apoptosis of MM cells from patients and the majority of MM cell lines , including cells sensitive or resistant to dexamethasone ( Dex ) , doxorubicin ( Dox ) , melphalan , and mitoxantrone .
Output: TRAIL / Apo2L
The anti - MM activity of TRAIL / Apo2L was confirmed in nu / xid / bg mice xenografted with human MM cells ; TRAIL ( 500 microg intraperitoneally daily for 14 days ) was well tolerated and significantly suppressed the growth of plasmacytomas .
Output: TRAIL / Apo2L
These preclinical studies suggest that TRAIL / Apo2L can overcome conventional drug resistance and provide the basis for clinical trials of TRAIL - based treatment regimens to improve outcome in patients with MM .
Output: TRAIL / Apo2L
Unlike antioxidants , hypoxia did not inhibit nuclear factor KB mobilization .
Output: nuclear factor
Activation of nuclear factor kappa B inflammatory bowel disease [ see comments ]
Output: nuclear factor
Insufficient glycemic control increases nuclear factor - kappa B binding activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from patients with type 1 diabetes .
Output: nuclear factor
Keywords included reperfusion injury , transplantation , liver resection , nitric oxide , endothelin , cytokines , Kupffer cells , ischemic / ischaemic preconditioning , and nuclear factor - kappa B .
Output: nuclear factor
Furthermore , preincubation of lymphocytes with D609 resulted in a significant diminution of ionizing radiation ( IR ) - induced 1 ) production of reactive oxygen species ; 2 ) decrease in intracellular reduced glutathione ; 3 ) oxidative damage to proteins and lipids ; and 4 ) activation of nuclear factor - kappaB .
Output: nuclear factor
OBJECTIVE : To examine whether inhaled nitric oxide ( NO ) affected the intrapulmonary production of NO , reactive oxygen species , and nuclear factor - kappaB in a lipopolysaccharide ( LPS ) - induced model of acute lung injury .
Output: nuclear factor
Inhaled NO also blocked the activities of reactive oxygen species and nuclear factor - kappaB binding to DNA in lavage cells and in alveolar macrophages .
Output: nuclear factor
The mechanism of reducing NO production resulting from inhaled NO may involve , in part , the activities of reactive oxygen species and / or nuclear factor - kappaB .
Output: nuclear factor
Interestingly , we demonstrated that stimulation by tumor cells was required to trigger the inhibitory effect of p58 on the lytic activity of antigen - specific CTLs and that stimulation of the inhibitory function of p58 by tumor cells correlated with an inhibition of nuclear factor - kappaB activation in p58 + tumor - specific CTLS .
Output: nuclear factor
Finally , UUO resulted in activation of nuclear factor - kappaB in wild mice but was inhibited in the OBK of mutant mice .
Output: nuclear factor
Synovial fluid induced nuclear factor - kappaB DNA binding in a monocytic cell line .
Output: nuclear factor
Human eosinophils constitutively express nuclear factor of activated T cells p and c .
Output: nuclear factor
Bone resorption is regulated by the immune system , where T - cell expression of RANKL ( receptor activator of nuclear factor ( NF ) - kappaB ligand ) , a member of the tumour - necrosis factor family that is essential for osteoclastogenesis , may contribute to pathological conditions , such as autoimmune arthritis .
Output: nuclear factor
DNA - binding activity of nuclear factor - kappaB was determined by electrophoretic mobility shift assay .
Output: nuclear factor
Blockade of heme oxygenase activity with tin - protoporphyrin - IX abrogated acetaminophen - induced hepatic neutrophil accumulation and nuclear factor - kappaB activation , but failed to affect sinusoidal perfusion and liver injury .
Output: nuclear factor
These data argue against a central role of nuclear factor - kappaB activation and neutrophil infiltration as perpetuating factors of liver injury in acetaminophen toxicity .
Output: nuclear factor
p21ras and calcineurin synergize to regulate the nuclear factor of activated T cells .
Output: nuclear factor
Nitric oxide signaling : a possible role for G proteins .
Output: G proteins
We describe a novel and potentially important mechanism of nitric oxide signaling - through direct activation of guanine nucleotide - binding proteins ( G proteins ) .
Output: G proteins
Because G proteins play a central role in many diverse signaling systems , activation by an endogenous and inducible oxidant may represent a novel signaling pathway .
Output: G proteins
In an attempt to clarify mechanisms by which FA - C cells overexpress IFNgamma - inducible genes in the face of defective STAT1 phosphorylation , it was reasoned that decreased levels of activated STAT1 might result in reduced expression of a hematopoietic IFNgamma - responsive protein that normally modulates expression of other IFNgamma - responsive genes .
Output: activated STAT1
Activation of the Lck tyrosine protein kinase by the Herpesvirus saimiri tip protein involves two binding interactions .
Output: tip protein
We report the results of studies aimed at understanding the regulatory mechanisms controlling p45 gene expression in erythroid cells .
Output: p45 gene
Residues Tyr357 and Tyr462 are contained within the loop regions of adjacent helix - loop - helix - like repeats within BAP / TFII - I .
Output: loop regions
This was surprising , since the heptamer and octamer sequence motifs bear no obvious similarity to each other .
Output: octamer sequence
Each of the polypeptides was renatured after SDS - PAGE and shown to bind to the octamer sequence .
Output: octamer sequence
DEX almost completely inhibited TPA activation of the following macrophage functions : adherency to the culture plate , expression of lysosomal enzymes , Fc and C3 receptors , and stimulation of phagocytosis .
Output: lysosomal enzymes
The cytoplasmic domain of 2B4 associates with src homology 2 domain - containing protein or signaling lymphocyte activation molecule - associated protein , whose mutation is the underlying genetic defect in the X - linked lymphoproliferative syndrome .
Output: cytoplasmic domain
In contrast , vaccination with a peptide encoding an adenovirus type 5 ( Ad5 ) E1A CTL epitope results in CTL tolerance and enhanced growth of an Ad5 E1A - expressing tumor .
Output: Ad5 E1A
In contrast , Ad5 E1A peptide injection resulted in physical deletion of preexisting Ad5 E1A - specific CTLs within 24 h after injection .
Output: Ad5 E1A
These data suggest that ubiquitous expression of the tolerizing Ad5 E1A peptide within a short period of time causes activation - induced cell death of Ad5 E1A - specific CTLs .
Output: Ad5 E1A
Fatty acids are ligands for peroxisome proliferator - activated receptor - gamma ( PPARgamma ) , and the upregulation of adipophilin mRNA by PPARgamma agonists like 15d - PGJ ( 2 ) and ciglitazone indicates that PPARgamma may mediate the induction of adipophilin expression in human blood monocytes .
Output: adipophilin mRNA
We found that even freshly isolated blood monocytes express adipophilin and that the amount of adipophilin protein is variable in monocytes from different healthy individuals .
Output: adipophilin protein
Bcl - 3 expression and nuclear translocation are induced by granulocyte - macrophage colony - stimulating factor and erythropoietin in proliferating human erythroid precursors .
Output: Bcl - 3
In this report , involvement of Bcl - 3 in hematopoietic growth factor - stimulated erythroid proliferation and differentiation was examined .
Output: Bcl - 3
Bcl - 3 protein was also highly expressed in early burst - forming unit - erythroid ( BFU - E ) - derived erythroid precursors ( day 7 ) and decreased during maturation ( days 10 and 14 ) , suggesting that Bcl - 3 is involved in normal erythroid proliferation .
Output: Bcl - 3
In these hematopoietic cells , Bcl - 3 was hyperphosphorylated .
Output: Bcl - 3
Accumulation of RXR alpha during activation of cycling human T lymphocytes : modulation of RXRE transactivation function by mitogen - activated protein kinase pathways .
Output: RXR alpha
Interferon - alpha drives T cell - mediated immunopathology in the intestine .
Output: Interferon - alpha
NPs that were ` ` FP - insensitive ' ' in terms of suppression of eosinophil numbers ( major basic protein - positive ) had a significantly greater percentage of GRbeta - positive inflammatory cells , a higher ratio of GRbeta - positive / GRalpha - positive cells , and increased numbers of GRbeta - positive eosinophils and macrophages in comparison with those that were ` ` FP - sensitive . ' '
Output: major basic protein
Chemokines and adhesion molecules such as integrins play a major part in the trafficking , extravasation , and recruitment of leukocytes to inflammatory sites .
Output: adhesion molecules
Stimulation of primary human T - lymphocytes via CD2 and CD28 adhesion molecules induces a long - lasting proliferation ( > 3 weeks ) .
Output: adhesion molecules
These results suggest that STAT molecules have been highly conserved in vertebrate evolution .
Output: STAT molecules
Further , we find that HEB driven by the endogenous E2A promoter can functionally replace E2A in supporting B - cell commitment and differentiation toward completion .
Output: endogenous E2A promoter
Number of glucocorticoid receptors in lymphocytes and their sensitivity to hormone action .
Output: glucocorticoid receptors
The study demonstrated a decreased level of glucocorticoid receptors ( GR ) in peripheral blood lymphocytes from hypercholesterolemic subjects , and an elevated level in patients with acute myocardial infarction .
Output: glucocorticoid receptors
A modified method for the determination of glucocorticoid receptors in human lymphocytes is suggested .
Output: glucocorticoid receptors
Properties of glucocorticoid receptors in Epstein - Barr virus - transformed lymphocytes from patients with familial cortisol resistance .
Output: glucocorticoid receptors
In a previous report of two patients with familial glucocorticoid resistance due to reduced numbers of glucocorticoid receptors ( GR ) , we have shown decreased numbers of GR in peripheral mononuclear cells and cultured fibroblasts but normal affinity of GR in both patients .
Output: glucocorticoid receptors
To explain the end - organ resistance to cortisol , the glucocorticoid receptors ( GR ) in peripheral mononuclear leukocytes and cultured skin fibroblasts from a forearm skin biopsy were characterized and compared with the results of similar studies in normal subjects .
Output: glucocorticoid receptors
Data obtained with the use of antiglucocorticoids and the anti - CBG antibody are compatible with a role both of high - affinity glucocorticoid receptors and of CBG in mediating cortisol action on the human NK cell activity .
Output: glucocorticoid receptors
The glucocorticoid target tissues that have been examined ( circulating mononuclear lymphocytes and cultured skin fibroblasts ) have normal concentrations of glucocorticoid receptors with decreased affinity for dexamethasone .
Output: glucocorticoid receptors
Primary cortisol resistance accompanied by a reduction in glucocorticoid receptors in two members of the same family .
Output: glucocorticoid receptors
To study this apparent end - organ resistance to cortisol , we examined the glucocorticoid receptors in peripheral mononuclear cells .
Output: glucocorticoid receptors
Using whole cell assays , glucocorticoid receptors in both patients were found to have reduced total binding capacity .
Output: glucocorticoid receptors
We conclude that these two patients , members of the same family , have primary cortisol resistance accompanied by a reduced number of glucocorticoid receptors .
Output: glucocorticoid receptors
The study of glucocorticoid receptors in leukemic cells may predict response to combination chemotherapy in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia .
Output: glucocorticoid receptors
A direct correlation was found between the magnitude of glucocorticoid - mediated increase of GS activity and the cellular levels of specific glucocorticoid receptors assayed in the same cell specimen .
Output: glucocorticoid receptors
All clinical specimens from patients with lymphatic leukemia have some measurable level of glucocorticoid receptors ; therefore , the resistance seen in vivo can not be explained by the lack of receptors .
Output: glucocorticoid receptors
Inhibition of PA in both cell types is specific for active glucocorticoids , and this specificity parallels the ability of various steroids to bind to glucocorticoid receptors .
Output: glucocorticoid receptors
Mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors in circulating mononuclear leukocytes of patients with primary hyperaldosteronism .
Output: glucocorticoid receptors
Mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors were measured in circulating mononuclear leukocytes in 5 patients affected by Conn ' s syndrome ( 3 cases of bilateral adrenal hyperplasia and 2 cases of adenoma plus unilateral hyperplasia ) .
Output: glucocorticoid receptors
The capacity and the affinity of dexamethasone for glucocorticoid receptors ranged in the normal values .
Output: glucocorticoid receptors
Content of glucocorticoid receptors in cytosol of blood leukocytes , concentration of cortisol and amount of leukocytes in blood were studied in 20 patients with acute impairments within the second day of the disease .
Output: glucocorticoid receptors
Reverse correlation was observed between concentration of cortisol in blood and content of glucocorticoid receptors in leukocytes .
Output: glucocorticoid receptors
The role of glucocorticoid receptors in immunological processes under conditions of purulent complications and possibility to regulate the metabolism in leukocytes
Output: glucocorticoid receptors
These antibodies also recognized rat liver and murine S49 cell glucocorticoid receptors .
Output: glucocorticoid receptors
Specific glucocorticoid receptors were measured in circulating mononuclear leukocytes from 12 patients with anorexia nervosa and 21 healthy control subjects .
Output: glucocorticoid receptors
Given these facts , over the last 10 years , several investigators have measured the number of glucocorticoid receptors in normal and neoplastic lymphoid tissue to see whether their number correlated with glucocorticoid responsiveness in vitro or in vivo .
Output: glucocorticoid receptors
A controlled pore glass bead assay for the measurement of cytoplasmic and nuclear glucocorticoid receptors .
Output: glucocorticoid receptors
An assay for the quantitation of cytoplasmic and nuclear glucocorticoid receptors in lymphoid tissue has been developed using controlled pore glass ( CPG ) beads .
Output: glucocorticoid receptors
In order to elucidate the relationship between cell water content and number of glucocorticoid receptors , eleven normal and malignant lymphoid or myelomonocytic cell types originating from mouse , rat and man were investigated .
Output: glucocorticoid receptors
The intracellular water phase concentration of glucocorticoid receptors ( around 40 nmol / l cell water ) , and the dependence of receptor affinity on temperature were similar in normal and malignant rodent and human cells .
Output: glucocorticoid receptors
We have used [ 3H ] dexamethasone - 21 - mesylate to label covalently glucocorticoid receptors in rat thymic lymphocytes and in neoplastic cells obtained from patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and malignant lymphoma .
Output: glucocorticoid receptors
The covalently labeled glucocorticoid receptors were identified by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis ( in the presence of 0 . 1 % sodium dodecyl sulfate ) .
Output: glucocorticoid receptors
Approximately 35 % of the glucocorticoid receptors can be labeled covalently when intact thymocytes are treated with 100 nM [ 3H ] dexamethasone - 21 - mesylate for 30 min at 4 degrees .
Output: glucocorticoid receptors
Similar glucocorticoid receptors can be detected in lymphoid cells from patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia ( ALL ) .
Output: glucocorticoid receptors
These findings suggest that T cells are heterogeneous with respect to their quantity of glucocorticoid receptors .
Output: glucocorticoid receptors
Isolation of T cells by E - rosette sedimentation enriches for T cells that have a greater number of glucocorticoid receptors , and isolation of T cells by nylon wool filtration enriches for T cells that have a lesser number of glucocorticoid receptors .
Output: glucocorticoid receptors
We have established optimal conditions for the measurement of glucocorticoid receptors ( GR ) in human white cells using a whole - cell binding assay with [ 3H ] dexamethasone as the ligand , and the subsequent determination of the GR content in normal human lymphocytes and in leukemic cells of patients with various forms of acute and chronic leukemia .
Output: glucocorticoid receptors
Identification of glucocorticoid receptors in monocytes and macrophages .
Output: glucocorticoid receptors
Two assays of binding were used - - an assay with intact cells in suspension or monolayers , and an assay of cytosol and nuclear forms of glucocorticoid receptors .
Output: glucocorticoid receptors
A [ 3H ] dexamethasone radioligand - binding assay was used to measure the number of glucocorticoid receptors ( GR ) and dissociation constant ( Kd ) in PBMC from normal donors and patients with SR asthma , cultured in the absence and presence of these cytokines .
Output: glucocorticoid receptors
The inactivation of glucocorticoid receptors that occurs when cytosol from normal IM - 9 cells is incubated at 25 degrees C is inhibited by molybdate , vanadate , fluoride , ATP , and several other nucleotides .
Output: glucocorticoid receptors
These observations together with those from other studies indicate that formation of new glucocorticoid receptors near the S phase may be a general phenomenon in proliferating cells .
Output: glucocorticoid receptors
We propose that this increase in glucocorticoid receptors during the cell cycle may explain the increase in glucocorticoid receptors in mitogen - stimulated lymphocytes .
Output: glucocorticoid receptors
No correlation can be found between the level of glucocorticoid receptors and the stage of the disease .
Output: glucocorticoid receptors
Immunochemical differences between glucocorticoid receptors from corticoid - sensitive and - resistant malignant lymphocytes .
Output: glucocorticoid receptors
We have explored the possibility of using antibodies against purified rat liver glucocorticoid receptors to study the immunochemical properties of glucocorticoid receptors from murine and human malignant lymphocytes .
Output: glucocorticoid receptors
In leukocyte population freshly isolated from the blood of 26 patients with acute leukemia , we have measured several parameters including glucocorticoid receptors , nucleoside incorporation , percentage of cells in S phase , and steroid - induced cell lysis .
Output: glucocorticoid receptors
Recently a 2 - to 3 - fold increase in the number of glucocorticoid receptors in human peripheral lymphocytes has been noted after in vitro mitogen stimulation .
Output: glucocorticoid receptors
After reviewing briefly our earlier studies on glucocorticoid receptors and mechanisms in thymus cells , we have outlined results from the following two areas of current interest in our laboratories : the ` ` life - cycle ' ' of glucocorticoid receptors and complexes in thymus cells , and the levels of glucocorticoid receptors and sensitivity in immunologically stimulated human peripheral lymphocytes .
Output: glucocorticoid receptors
Several of our results on energetics and kinetics of hormone binding to glucocorticoid receptors in rat thymus cells seem to require extension of the simplest model of hormone - receptor transformations in intact cells .
Output: glucocorticoid receptors
These data demonstrate that Gadd45gamma is not essential for normal mouse development and hematopoiesis , possibly due to functional redundancy among the Gadd45 family members .
Output: Gadd45 family members
Taken together , these data show that the activation of PKCtheta by the TCR and CD28 plays an important role in the assembly and activation of IKK complexes in the T cell membrane
Output: IKK complexes
The Tip protein of Herpesvirus saimiri strain 484C binds to and activates the Lck tyrosine protein kinase .
Output: Tip protein
Two sequences in the Tip protein were previously shown to be involved in binding to Lck .
Output: Tip protein
Human ACAT - 1 gene contains two promoters ( P1 and P7 ) , each located in a different chromosome ( 1 and 7 ) ( Li , B . L . , Li , X . L . , Duan , Z . J . , Lee , O . , Lin , S . , Ma , Z . M . , Chang , C . C . , Yang , X . Y . , Park , J . P . , Mohandas , T . K . , Noll , W . , Chan , L . , and Chang , T . Y . ( 1999 ) J . Biol Chem . 274 , 11060 - 11071 ) .
Output: ACAT - 1
To examine the molecular nature of this observation , we identified within the ACAT - 1 P1 promoter a 159 - base pair core region .
Output: ACAT - 1
BMS - 189453 is a synthetic retinoid that acts as an antagonist at retinoic acid receptors alpha , beta , and gamma .
Output: retinoic acid receptors
In contrast to stimulation by cytokines , the activation of STAT1 in response to CD2 ligation is delayed and does not involve Jak kinases .
Output: Jak kinases
Identification and characterization of SKAT - 2 , a novel Th2 - specific zinc finger gene .
Output: SKAT - 2
We have identified a novel Kruppel - type zinc finger ( ZF ) gene , SKAT - 2 , which is selectively expressed by murine Th2 cells .
Output: SKAT - 2
SKAT - 2 is tissue restricted in expression at the RNA level , detectable only in brain and at low levels in kidney and spleen and few hematopoietic cell lines .
Output: SKAT - 2
By in situ hybridization , SKAT - 2 expression was found to peak in antigen - stimulated CD4 ( + ) T cells after 2 - 3 days of culture under Th2 but not Th1 biasing conditions .
Output: SKAT - 2
The apparent paradox of heightened adrenal corticosteroid levels associated with reduction in the competence of the body ' s defensive apparatus to cope with exposure to new microbial antigens is considered .
Output: microbial antigens
It induced NK cell - dependent rejection of tumors , but failed to stimulate systemic T cell - mediated anti - tumor immunity , and synergized with B7 - 1 - mediated immunotherapy to cause the NK cell and CD8 T cell - dependent rejection of larger EL - 4 tumors ( 0 . 4 cm in diameter ) that were refractory to monotherapies .
Output: B7 - 1
Many liberated NF - kappa B dimers reached the nucleus , where increased c - rel , p65 and p50 were detected by immunoblotting and by DNA binding assays .
Output: c - rel
Activated PBMCs also expressed lower levels of RXRalpha protein , and a DNA binding assay showed that the activation - induced loss of RXRalpha mRNA and protein expression correlated with the loss of DNA binding activity of this protein .
Output: RXRalpha mRNA
The decrease in the levels of RXRalpha mRNA was found to be regulated at the post - transcriptional level and involved new protein synthesis .
Output: RXRalpha mRNA
In the present study , we have demonstrated that , unlike resting cells , activation of cycling human mature PBT lymphocytes , and T lymphocyte leukemia cell lines is accompanied by the accumulation of RXRalpha mRNA and protein .
Output: RXRalpha mRNA
Nuclear translocation of GR complexes from the patient was also slightly decreased .
Output: GR complexes
Munck and Foley have shown that activated complexes isolated from thymocytes elute from DEAE - cellulose in a manner identical to complexes activated in vitro .
Output: activated complexes
NF - P2 appears to be induced by reagents known to up - regulate the perforin message level and is present exclusively in killer cells .
Output: NF - P2
We have studied the events underlying cap formation using mice bearing a null mutation in vav ( vav - / - ) , a gene that encodes a guanine - nucleotide exchange factor for the GTPase Rac .
Output: GTPase Rac
Core - binding factor beta ( CBFbeta ) is the non - DNA - binding subunit of the heterodimeric CBFs .
Output: heterodimeric CBFs
Definition of T - cell specific DNA - binding factors that interact with a 3 ' - silencer in the CD4 + T - cell gene Rpt - 1 .
Output: binding factors
Based on these findings , it is concluded that both receptor types ( cell membrane and cytoplasmic receptors ) are being formed and increased at G1 phase prior to cell proliferation , indicating the importance of G1 phase in immunoregulation .
Output: cytoplasmic receptors
The cytoplasmic receptors of leukaemia and lymphoblastoid lines appeared to contain both proteinaceous and phospholipid components .
Output: cytoplasmic receptors
The resistance to cytolethal effects can not be ascribed to a failure of cells to take up and bind steroid or to significant differences in the molecular species of cytoplasmic receptors present .
Output: cytoplasmic receptors
The production of synthetic peptides containing other CTL peptide epitopes may be useful for priming CTLs in vitro and in vivo
Output: peptide epitopes
Our results imply complex regulation of expression of the gp34 gene and suggest implication of gp34 in proliferation of HTLV - I infected T cells .
Output: gp34 gene
Taken together with prior in vivo transcription studies , these results suggest that the biological activities of p65 and p50 homodimers are independently regulated , thereby providing an integrated and flexible control mechanism for the rapid activation and repression of NF - kappa B / Rel - directed gene expression .
Output: p50 homodimers
Dendritic cells ( DCs ) are professional antigen - presenting cells which both initiate adaptive immune responses and control tolerance to self - antigens .
Output: self - antigens
Regulation of activator protein - 1 and NF - kappa B in CD8 + T cells exposed to peripheral self - antigens .
Output: self - antigens
The suggestion is offered that the immunologic response to self - antigens exposed by disease or trauma may be suppressed by corticosteroid to offset the likelihood of autoimmune attack .
Output: self - antigens
They also showed the expression of mRNA for the myeloid - specific PU . 1 but did not that for the erythroid - specific GATA - 1 .
Output: PU . 1
The study shows that PU . 1 is expressed in NK cells and that , on cell transfer into alymphoid Rag2 / gammac ( - / - ) mice , hematopoietic progenitors of PU . 1 ( - / - ) fetal liver cells could generate functional NK cells but not B or T cells .
Output: PU . 1
Thus , despite the less stringent requirement for PU . 1 in NK cell development compared to B and T cells , PU . 1 regulates NK cell differentiation and homeostasis .
Output: PU . 1
TNF can induce cellular oxidative injury directly , and indirectly by inducing neutrophil chemotactic factor ( IL - 8 ) production by hepatocytes .
Output: IL - 8
IL - 8 activates and chemotactically attracts neutrophils to the liver where they release oxidizing substances .
Output: IL - 8
This system may be useful to assess the effects of ethanol on TNF - induced hepatocyte IL - 8 production .
Output: IL - 8
Syk is not demonstrably associated with the internalized receptor .
Output: internalized receptor
METHODS : Flow cytometry , cell proliferation assays , and microscopy were used to track antigen following a single , intranasal dose of Alexa - 488 labelled retinal antigen .
Output: retinal antigen
Significant proliferative responses to IRBP were elicited by 48 hours indicating that systemic priming of naive T cells to retinal antigen had occurred .
Output: retinal antigen
Fibrinogen activates NF - kappa B transcription factors in mononuclear phagocytes .
Output: transcription factors
Mononuclear phagocytes are exposed to fibrinous provisional matrix throughout migration into inflammatory foci , so this study was undertaken to determine whether fibrinogen triggers activation of NF - kappa B transcription factors .
Output: transcription factors
Our data demonstrate that , in the context of this macrophage line , E12 induces expression of EBF and together these transcription factors coordinately regulate numerous B lineage - associated genes .
Output: transcription factors
This signaling pathway may be crucial for the control of B - cell differentiation and antibody response and has implications for the regulation of other POZ / zinc finger transcription factors in other tissues .
Output: transcription factors
During myelopoiesis , external differentiating signals regulate the expression of a set of transcription factors .
Output: transcription factors
The combined action of these transcription factors subsequently determines the expression of myeloid - specific genes and the generation of monocytes and macrophages .
Output: transcription factors
We review the contribution of several transcription factors to the control of macrophage development
Output: transcription factors
Glucocorticoid - regulated transcription factors .
Output: transcription factors
Lymphocyte commitment and differentiation are accompanied by programmed gene expression or repression events which are driven by lineage and stage specific transcription factors .
Output: transcription factors
Combinatorial regulation is a powerful mechanism that enables tight control of gene expression , via integration of multiple signaling pathways that induce different transcription factors required for enhanceosome assembly .
Output: transcription factors
Although many of these transcription factors have putative roles based on murine knockout experiments , their function in human lymphoid development is less known and was studied further .
Output: transcription factors
The transcription factors that mediate these processes are often expressed broadly in many cell types .
Output: transcription factors
The emerging theme is one of cell - type - specific regulation , affecting not only the functional activation of transcription factors but also their access to appropriate regions of DNA .
Output: transcription factors
Sequential involvement of NFAT and Egr transcription factors in FasL regulation .
Output: transcription factors
The transcription factors Egr2 and Egr3 are potent activators of FasL expression .
Output: transcription factors
As immunoglobulin transcription is mainly regulated by the B - cell transcription factors Oct2 and BOB . 1 / OBF . 1 , we analyzed 35 cases of LPHD , 32 cases of cHD , and 2 Hodgkin disease cell lines for the expression of these transcription factors and also in parallel for immunoglobulin expression .
Output: transcription factors
The NF - kappa B family of transcription factors is an important regulator of genes expressed during inflammatory responses , immunoglobulin ( Ig ) class switching , cellular differentiation , and apoptosis .
Output: transcription factors
As with the prototypical NF - kappa B p50 - p65 heterodimer , this novel p65 homodimeric form of NF - kappa B is functionally sequestered in the cytoplasm but rapidly appears in the nuclear compartment following cellular stimulation .
Output: p65 homodimeric form
In this model , CD8 alpha + Mac - 1 - DCs are supposed to be of lymphoid while CD8 alpha - Mac - 1 + DCs are supposed to be of myeloid origin .
Output: CD8 alpha
Here we summarize our findings that both CD8 alpha + and CD8 alpha - DCs can arise from clonogenic common myeloid progenitors ( CMPs ) in both thymus and spleen .
Output: CD8 alpha
Therefore CD8 alpha expression DCs does not indicate a lymphoid origin and differences among CD8 alpha + and CD8 alpha - DCs might rather reflect maturation status than ontogeny .
Output: CD8 alpha
Cells scraped off poly - L - lysine in the presence of Ig FITC efficiently incorporated Ig , with relatively uniform fluorescence .
Output: Ig FITC
Down - regulation of IL - 12 p40 gene in Plasmodium berghei - infected mice .
Output: IL - 12
We analyzed the mechanism that causes suppression of IL - 12 p40 gene induction during Plasmodium berghei infection .
Output: IL - 12
We showed in the present study that the induction of IL - 12 p40 gene but not IL - 12 p35 gene in macrophages of P . berghei - infected mice was profoundly inhibited .
Output: IL - 12
Therefore , the inhibition of the IL - 12 p40 gene induction appeared to be regulated at transcriptional regulation level of the gene .
Output: IL - 12
CD28 costimulation is required not only to induce IL - 12 receptor but also to render janus kinases / STAT4 responsive to IL - 12 stimulation in TCR - triggered T cells .
Output: IL - 12
Here , we investigated how CD28 costimulation functions to allow TCR - triggered resting T cells to acquire IL - 12 responsiveness .
Output: IL - 12
Rel family proteins regulate the expression of genes linked to kappa B - binding motifs .
Output: Rel family proteins
Together , these results suggest that activated human T cells , whether lupus - derived or normal - derived , contain biologically active ERalpha proteins .
Output: ERalpha proteins
No IL - 6 gene expression was observed .
Output: IL - 6
Moreover , the half - life of EBV - induced IL - 6 mRNA was also significantly longer ( 10 hours ) than that of mRNA induced by rgp350 ( about 6 hours ) .
Output: IL - 6
Inhibition of Th1 differentiation by IL - 6 is mediated by SOCS1 .
Output: IL - 6
IL - 6 plays an important role in the differentiation of several cell types .
Output: IL - 6
Here , we describe a novel function of IL - 6 : the negative regulation of CD4 + Th1 cell differentiation .
Output: IL - 6
Thus , IL - 6 promotes CD4 + Th2 differentiation and inhibits Th1 differentiation by two independent molecular mechanisms .
Output: IL - 6
Aldosterone - receptor deficiency in pseudohypoaldosteron .
Output: Aldosterone - receptor
These Raf - responsive cell lines will be useful in elucidating the roles of the MAP kinase cascade on hematopoietic cell differentiation and malignant transformation
Output: MAP kinase
Cells in G0 , G1a and G1b phases , where the G1a - G1b transition is an Interleukin 2 dependent event , were quantitated by flow cytometry .
Output: Interleukin 2