niryuu/sni-each-converted huggingface dataset:
Using a luciferase reporter assay , we demonstrated that v - src overexpression in NIH3T3 induced STAT3 - dependent transcriptional activity from the mcl - 1 promoter and increased endogenous Mcl - 1 protein levels .
Output: Mcl - 1
Deficiencies in the gene for this dual functional protein result in hyperphenylalaninemi .
Output: dual functional protein
Inhibition of interleukin 2 - induced proliferation of cloned murine T cells by glucocorticoids .
Output: interleukin 2
Patients with ALD also have decreased protective factors for cellular oxidative injury .
Output: protective factors
This approach uses reporter - plasmids for the detection of intracellular signals mediated by the mitogen - activated protein kinase or cyclic AMP - dependent protein kinase .
Output: reporter - plasmids
Matrix metalloproteinase s ( MMPs ) are a group of enzymes thought to be responsible for both normal connective tissue matrix remodelling and accelerated breakdown associated with tumour development .
Output: Matrix metalloproteinase
This activity is further augmented by cotransfected Smad4 .
Output: cotransfected Smad4
PPARgamma ligands also strongly inhibited SEA - induced Vbeta3 T cell activation in vivo .
Output: PPARgamma ligands
Interestingly , a factor showing similar binding specificity to IgNF - A is also present in human HeLa cells .
Output: IgNF - A
We have previously reported that BMP - 2 inhibited the growth of HS - 72 mouse hybridoma cells by inducing p21 ( CIP1 / WAF1 ) expression .
Output: BMP - 2
These results suggested that BMP - 2 might activate p21 ( CIP1 / WAF1 ) transcription by inducing a binding of Smad4 and Smad1 to the 29 - b region in HS - 72 cells .
Output: BMP - 2
The carboxy terminus of LMP1 is also a reliable marker for individual EBV strain identification and thus offers new possibilities in tracing the molecular events leading to posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders ( PTLDs ) .
Output: carboxy terminus
Some cell fractions were also positive for Mac - 1 , a macrophage marker or Gr - 1 , a granulocytic maker , but negative for an erythroid marker TER119 .
Output: erythroid marker TER119
To address these inconsistencies , GR protein was assessed in immune cells and tissues using cytosolic radioligand binding .
Output: GR protein
However , similar to what was observed after p38 kinase inhibition in normal mice , relative ATF - 2 deficiency did not prevent the development of a mononuclear cell infiltrate in the week following an inflammatory stimulus .
Output: ATF - 2
ATF - 2 mutant mice proved more susceptible to death than control mice from LPS plus D - galactosamine injection or Coxsackievirus B3 infection and had a higher incidence of mononuclear pulmonary infiltrates after exposure to Herpes simplex virus - 1 .
Output: ATF - 2
It appears that pseudohypoaldosteron is caused by a Type I receptor defect , that the defect may be complete or partial , that transmission may be autosomal recessive , and that the study of patients with pseudohypoaldosteron may indicate physiologic roles for Type I receptors in nonepithelial tissues .
Output: Type I receptors
Lymphoma cells from both cases showed the mature B - cell immunophenotype and had rearrangements of the BCL6 gene .
Output: BCL6 gene
Apoptosis induced by DNA damage and other stresses can proceed via expression of Fas ligand ( FasL ) and ligation of its receptor , Fas ( CD95 ) .
Output: Fas ligand
[ ( 3 ) H ] azPC bound recombinant PPARgamma with an affinity ( K ( d ) ( ( app ) ) approximately 40 nm ) that was equivalent to rosiglitazone ( BRL49653 ) , and competition with rosiglitazone showed that binding occurred in the ligand - binding pocket .
Output: recombinant PPARgamma
Forced expression of LKLF was associated with markedly decreased c - Myc expression .
Output: c - Myc
In addition , many effects of LKLF expression were mimicked by expression of the dominant - negative MadMyc protein and rescued by overexpression of c - Myc .
Output: c - Myc
Thus , LKLF is both necessary and sufficient to program quiescence in T cells and functions , in part , by negatively regulating a c - Myc - - dependent pathway .
Output: c - Myc
The growth inhibition caused by Mad1 is overcome by expression of active c - Myc .
Output: c - Myc
Molecular and cellular mediators of interleukin - 1 - dependent acute inflammatory arthritis .
Output: interleukin - 1
Interaction of cell - type - specific nuclear proteins with immunoglobulin VH promoter region sequences .
Output: nuclear proteins
These cells were examined for ER mRNA by reverse transcription nested polymerase chain reaction .
Output: ER mRNA
RESULTS : In all cells tested , ER mRNA was expressed without prior in vitro stimulation .
Output: ER mRNA
In vitro stimulation did not affect ER mRNA expression .
Output: ER mRNA
Both LA and LA - Plus synergised with selenium in inhibiting H2O2 induced NF - kappaB activation .
Output: NF - kappaB
At 150 microM LA - Plus , but not LA , inhibited TNFalpha induced NF - kappaB activation .
Output: NF - kappaB
Both NF - kappaB - like elements were able to bind to NF - kappaB or its related factor ( s ) in a Tax - dependent manner .
Output: NF - kappaB
NF - kappaB - like element 2 elevated promoter activity when combined with NF - kappaB - like element 1 , indicating cooperative function of the elements for maximum promoter function .
Output: NF - kappaB
Unlike typical NF - kappaB elements , the NF - kappaB - like elements in gp34 were not activated by treatment of Jurkat cells with phorbol ester despite induction of the NF - kappaB - like binding activity .
Output: NF - kappaB
NF - kappaB activation was also inhibited by CS .
Output: NF - kappaB
Recently , NF - kappaB induction has been shown to play a role in protecting cells from programmed cell death .
Output: NF - kappaB
Inhibition of constitutive NF - kappaB activity in U9 - IIIB and PLB - IIIB cells also induced apoptosis , suggesting that NF - kappaB protects cells from a persistent apoptotic signal .
Output: NF - kappaB
There was comparable activation of NF - kappaB in uninfected and infected cells .
Output: NF - kappaB
Defective function of the proteasome in autoimmunity : involvement of impaired NF - kappaB activation .
Output: NF - kappaB
Molecular analyses indicate that the block in NF - kappaB impairs Iglambda rearrangement at the level of recombinase accessibility .
Output: NF - kappaB
In this study , we investigated a possible link between Ii - dependent B cell maturation and the NF - kappaB pathway .
Output: NF - kappaB
These modulations by Tax always paralleled the ability of Tax to activate the NF - kappaB transcription pathway .
Output: NF - kappaB
Electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that sCD23 or antibodies to CD11b or to CD11c up - regulated DNA - binding activity of NF - kappaB .
Output: NF - kappaB
Signal transduction from RAGE to NF - kappaB involved the generation of reactive oxygen species , since reporter gene expression was blocked with the antioxidant N - acetyl - L - cysteine .
Output: NF - kappaB
Nuclear NF - kappaB is induced in B cells by engagement of either the BCR or CD40 or by stimulation with lipopolysaccharide ( LPS ) .
Output: NF - kappaB
Despite the importance of NF - kappaB to B cell function , little is known about the signaling pathways leading to NF - kappaB activation .
Output: NF - kappaB
In this report we address the role of phosphoinositide 3 ' - kinase ( PI 3 - kinase ) in BCR - and LPS - induced NF - kappaB activation using populations of primary murine resting B cells .
Output: NF - kappaB
Using the specific pharmacological inhibitors of PI 3 - kinase , Wortmannin and LY294002 , we demonstrate that PI 3 - kinase activity is vital for BCR - induced NF - kappaB DNA - binding activity .
Output: NF - kappaB
Similar analyses reveal that PI 3 - kinase is also critical in triggering NF - kappaB DNA - binding activity and IkappaBalpha degradation following LPS stimulation .
Output: NF - kappaB
Taken together , our results indicate the involvement of PI 3 - kinase in at least two distinct signaling pathways leading to activation of NF - kappaB in B cells .
Output: NF - kappaB
Localized pancreatic NF - kappaB activation and inflammatory response in taurocholate - induced pancreatitis .
Output: NF - kappaB
NF - kappaB inhibition with N - acetylcysteine ameliorated the local inflammatory response .
Output: NF - kappaB
Correlation between localized NF - kappaB activation , cytokine upregulation , and tissue damage suggests a key role for NF - kappaB in the development of the inflammatory response of acute pancreatitis .
Output: NF - kappaB
At variance with endotoxic lipopolysaccharide , plasmin elicited the rapid degradation of another cytoplasmic NF - kappaB inhibitor , p105 .
Output: NF - kappaB
Proteolysis of NF - kappaB inhibitors was apparently due to transient activation of IkappaB kinase ( IKK ) beta that reached maximum activity at 1 hour after plasmin stimulation .
Output: NF - kappaB
Suppression of lung inflammation in rats by prevention of NF - kappaB activation in the liver .
Output: NF - kappaB
Activation of NF - kappaB and production of NF - kappaB - dependent chemokines are thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of neutrophilic lung inflammation .
Output: NF - kappaB
We hypothesized that inhibition of proteasome function with CI - 1 would block NF - kappaB activation in vivo after intraperitoneal ( i . p . ) treatment with bacterial lipopolysaccharide ( LPS ) , and that NF - kappaB inhibition would be associated with suppression of chemokine gene expression and attenuation of neutrophilic alveolitis .
Output: NF - kappaB
These data indicate that NF - kappaB inhibition in the liver can alter lung inflammation induced by systemic LPS treatment and suggest that a liver - lung interaction contributes to the inflammatory response of the lung .
Output: NF - kappaB
Overall , the phenotype observed in XHM - ED patients shows that the putative zinc - finger domain of NEMO has a regulatory function and demonstrates the definite requirement of CD40 - mediated NF - kappaB activation for B cell immunoglobulin class - switching .
Output: NF - kappaB
Recently , members of the NF - kappaB family , including p65 ( Rel A ) , have been implicated in promoting survival of various hematopoeitic neoplasms , including T cell malignancies such as adult T cell leukemia - lymphoma .
Output: NF - kappaB
Nuclear extracts prepared from the Mono Mac 6 cells and RA synovial tissue were analyzed by electrophoretic mobility shift analysis ( EMSA ) for NF - kappaB DNA binding proteins .
Output: NF - kappaB
RESULTS : Induction of NF - kappaB DNA binding by the p65 ( RelA ) / p50 heterodimer was observed in response to incubation of Mono Mac 6 cells with SF ( 20 % in culture medium ) from 5 of 8 subjects with RA , 4 of 5 with OA , and none of 3 with undifferentiated seronegative oligoarthritis .
Output: NF - kappaB
Direct and indirect signaling mechanisms , including NF - kappaB activation and cytokine synthesis , were analyzed .
Output: NF - kappaB
EBV utilizes CD21 / CR2 as its receptor on B cells to initiate the infection process .
Output: CD21 / CR2
Stromelysin - 1 ( ST1 ) was observed in about 10 % of epithelial cells in the control groups ( cases of fibrocystic and benign proliferative breast disease ) , while expression ( > 10 % of expression ) was detected in 89 . 7 % of tumours .
Output: Stromelysin - 1
Using immunocytochemistry , we localized PPAR - alpha and - gamma within the nuclei of both cell types .
Output: PPAR - alpha
Peritoneal fluid from patients with endometriosis activated U937 cells transiently transfected with a PPAR - alpha / GAL4 luciferase reporter .
Output: PPAR - alpha
We conclude that peritoneal fluid of endometriosis patients contains activators of PPAR - alpha that stimulate macrophage chemotaxis .
Output: PPAR - alpha
We addressed the role of hyperglycemia in leukocyte - endothelium interaction under flow conditions by exposing human umbilical vein endothelial cells for 24 h to normal ( 5 mM ) , high concentration of glucose ( 30 mM ) , advanced glycosylation end product - albumin ( 100 microg / ml ) , or hyperglycemic ( 174 - 316 mg / dl ) sera from patients with diabetes and abnormal hemoglobin A1c ( 8 . 1 + / - 1 . 4 % ) .
Output: product - albumin
These studies have begun to elucidate the basis for cell - specificity and high - level expression of cytokine genes .
Output: cytokine genes
Cycloheximide , a reversible protein synthesis inhibitor , is thought to block DNA replication in normal cells by preventing synthesis of a labile protein .
Output: labile protein
Activation of FasL occurs via the NFAT - dependent induction of Egr3 , as demonstrated by the ability of exogenously provided NFATp to restore Egr - dependent FasL promoter activity in DKO lymph node cells .
Output: FasL promoter
The HPV16 E7 peptide kinetics correlated with the kinetics of HPV16 E7 - specific CTL induction .
Output: HPV16 E7
We also demonstrate that TPB interaction with Rel activation regions leads to synergistic activation of transcription of a kappa B - linked reporter gene .
Output: Rel activation regions
AIMS : To investigate whether increased activation of NF kappa B is important in IBD and may be down - regulated by anti - inflammatory treatment .
Output: NF kappa B
METHODS : Activation of NF kappa B was determined by western blot assessment and electrophoretic mobility shift assay in nuclear extracts of colonic biopsy samples as well as lamina propria mononuclear cells .
Output: NF kappa B
RESULTS : Nuclear levels of NF kappa B p65 are increased in lamina propria biopsy specimens from patients with Crohn ' s disease in comparison with patients with ulcerative colitis and controls .
Output: NF kappa B
Increased activation of NF kappa B was detected in lamina propria mononuclear cells from patients with active IBD .
Output: NF kappa B
CONCLUSIONS : In both IBDs , but particularly Crohn ' s disease , increased activation of NF kappa B may be involved in the regulation of the inflammatory response .
Output: NF kappa B
Inhibition of NF kappa B activation may represent a mechanism by which steroids exert an anti - inflammatory effect in IBD
Output: NF kappa B
However , both A / R - and redox - induced NF kappa B activation was blocked by inhibition of PTK .
Output: NF kappa B
This A / R - induced NF kappa B signaling response appears to be mediated , at least in part , by intracellular redox imbalance .
Output: NF kappa B
The Epstein - Barr virus promoter initiating B - cell transformation is activated by RFX proteins and the B - cell - specific activator protein BSAP / Pax5 .
Output: RFX proteins
We found that leukemic LGL from 19 patients displayed high levels of activated STAT3 .
Output: activated STAT3
OBJECTIVE : T lymphocytes can be activated by soluble factors such as cytokines or through direct cell - cell interactions .
Output: soluble factors
These results show that the BMC inhibition is mediated by soluble factors ( cytokines ) and that cell - cell contact in this autologous system is not required , so that BMC ( at least partially , via cytokine production ) promote TH2 polarization in culture .
Output: soluble factors
Glucocorticoid antagonists are steroids that interact with the receptor but either fail to produce a stable complex or produce a stable but inefficient complex .
Output: stable complex
The lack of NF - kappa B transactivation and PKC epsilon expression in CD4 ( + ) CD8 ( + ) thymocytes correlates with negative selection .
Output: PKC epsilon
Taken together the results suggest that the lack of PKC epsilon in DP thymocytes could lead to the absence of NF - kappa B activity after antigenic stimulation contributing to negative selection .
Output: PKC epsilon
A case of male pseudohermaphroditis with normal androgen receptor binding and 47 , XYY karyotype .
Output: androgen receptor
To study the role of the androgen receptor on thymocyte apoptosis , androgen receptor mutant ( Tfm / Y ) mice were treated with androgens .
Output: androgen receptor
This method utilises an immunomagnetic separation technique for B cell purification and a polymerase chain reaction ( PCR ) based assay for the determination of methylation status at the androgen receptor ( AR ) gene locus to assess whether X inactivation is random or non - random at this locus .
Output: androgen receptor
One of these sequences forms a protein complex , NFAT - 1 , specifically with nuclear extracts of activated T cells .
Output: NFAT - 1
Consistent with this biologic function , the Epstein - Barr virus ( EBV ) Rta protein powerfully stimulates the promoter of its own gene , Rp , in EBV - positive B cells in transient - transfection reporter - based assays .
Output: Rta protein
Human normal peripheral blood B - lymphocytes are deficient in DNA - dependent protein kinase activity due to the expression of a variant form of the Ku86 protein .
Output: Ku86 protein
Western blot analysis revealed that B cells express a variant form of the Ku86 protein with an apparent molecular weight of 69 kDa , and not the 86 kDa - full - length protein .
Output: Ku86 protein
This article describes the identification of a putative STAT molecule in the channel catfish ( Ictalurus punctatus ) , the first report of such a molecule in a ' lower ' vertebrate .
Output: putative STAT molecule
A significantly higher suppression was achieved after sequential exposure of PBM cells to cortisol and equimolar levels of prostaglandin E2 ( PgE2 ) .
Output: prostaglandin E2
We have also detected a DNA - protein interaction that may be involved in the cell - type specificity of immunoglobulin expression , and we have determined that a sequence upstream of the octamer participates in an interaction with a nuclear protein ( s ) .
Output: nuclear protein
Biochemical characterization of MIP - 1 alpha nuclear protein .
Output: nuclear protein
In vitro - transcribed and - translated Elf - 1 protein bound specifically to the Elf - 1 site , and Elf - 1 antisera competed and super shifted nuclear protein complexes present in MLA - 144 nuclear extracts .
Output: nuclear protein
Pterin carbinolamine dehydratase / dimerization cofactor of HNF1 ( PCD / DCoH ) is a protein that has a dual function .
Output: PCD / DCoH
Here we report for the first time that the PCD / DCoH mRNA is present in human white blood cells and hair follicles .
Output: PCD / DCoH
Reversal of this functional uncoupling may be required before Jak3 / Stat5 inhibitors will be useful in the treatment of this malignancy .
Output: Jak3 / Stat5
In contrast , the CBFbeta - smooth muscle myosin heavy chain ( SMMHC ) fusion protein generated by the inv ( 16 ) associated with acute myeloid leukemias ( M4Eo ) can not rescue definitive hematopoiesis by Cbfb - deficient ES cells .
Output: fusion protein
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vitro activity of the principal metabolites of ATRA [ 4 - hydroxy - retinoic acid ( 4 - OH - RA ) , 18 - hydroxy - retinoic acid ( 18 - OH - RA ) , 4 - oxo - retinoic acid ( 4 - oxo - RA ) , and 5 , 6 - epoxy - retinoic acid ( 5 , 6 - epoxy - RA ) ] in NB4 , a human promyelocytic leukemia cell line that exhibits the APL diagnostic t ( 15 ; 17 ) chromosomal translocation and expresses the PML - RAR alpha fusion protein .
Output: fusion protein
The B - cell - type specificity of the immunoglobulin ( Ig ) heavy - chain and light - chain promoters is mediated by an octanucleotide ( OCTA ) element , ATGCAAAT , that is also a functional component of other RNA polymerase II promoters , such as snRNA and histone H2B promoters .
Output: RNA polymerase II
Molecular mechanism of cell cycle progression induced by the oncogene product Tax of human T - cell leukemia virus type I .
Output: oncogene product Tax
However , at 24 hours , STAT4 heterodimerisation with STAT 3 was only observed in spleen .
Output: STAT 3
Transcription factor B - cell - specific activator protein ( BSAP ) is differentially expressed in B cells and in subsets of B - cell lymphomas .
Output: Transcription factor
Transcription factor expression in fresh and cultured adult human bone marrow and umbilical cord blood progenitors was evaluated .
Output: Transcription factor
In transfection studies , either constitutively active Vav or Rac could complement constitutively active calcineurin to activate NF - AT - dependent transcription .
Output: NF - AT
The transient expression of Tip in T cells was found to stimulate both Stat3 - dependent and NF - AT - dependent transcription .
Output: NF - AT
In contrast , ablation of either Lck - binding domain abolished the ability of Tip to stimulate NF - AT - dependent transcription .
Output: NF - AT
Constitutive PI3 - K activity is essential for proliferation , but not survival , of Theileria parva - transformed B cells .
Output: PI3 - K
Here , we show that infected B lymphocytes display constitutive phosphoinositide 3 - kinase ( PI3 - K ) activity , which appears to be necessary for proliferation , but not survival .
Output: PI3 - K
High constitutive expression of the IFNgamma - inducible genes , IFN - stimulated gene factor 3 gamma subunit ( ISGF3gamma ) , IFN regulatory factor - 1 ( IRF - 1 ) , and the cyclin - dependent kinase inhibitor p21 ( WAF1 ) was found in FANCC mutant B lymphoblasts , low - density bone marrow cells , and murine embryonic fibroblasts .
Output: IRF - 1
However , enforced expression of ICSBP failed to down - regulate IRF - 1 , ISGF3gamma , and p21 ( WAF1 ) .
Output: IRF - 1
Western blot analyses and reverse transcriptase - polymerase chain reaction results indicate that both cells infected with a X4 strain and cells infected with a R5 strain are able to increase intracellular levels of STAT 1alpha and beta proteins as well as IRF - 1 mRNA .
Output: IRF - 1
A region of basic amino acids spanning residues 639 - 656 in the human 5 - lipoxygenase sequence resembles a consensus bipartite nuclear localizing sequence .
Output: 5 - lipoxygenase
Recombinant 5 - lipoxygenase was not affected by the peptide .
Output: 5 - lipoxygenase
The peptide also inhibited redistribution of 5 - lipoxygenase from the cytosol to the nuclear membrane of HL - 60 cells stimulated by A23187 .
Output: 5 - lipoxygenase
Our results implicate an internal bipartite nuclear localizing sequence as a regulatory domain that modulates 5 - lipoxygenase redistribution and catalysis in granulocytic cells .
Output: 5 - lipoxygenase
During HL60 cell differentiation , atRA induced RARbeta mRNA , while the RXR had no effect .
Output: RARbeta mRNA
To understand the mechanisms underlying the cell - type - specific expression of this gene , we have characterized the regulatory functions and the DNA - protein interactions of the 5 ' - flanking region of the mouse perforin gene ( Pfp ) .
Output: mouse perforin gene
Association of increased lytic effector cell function with high estrogen receptor levels in tumor - bearing patients with breast cancer .
Output: estrogen receptor
Although the enhanced NK cell activity and LDCC were closely associated with high levels ( greater than 31 fmol / mg ) of estrogen receptor ( ER ) content in the primary tumor , no other clinical or histologic correlation between the increase in either parameter of cytotoxic effector cell function could be found .
Output: estrogen receptor
Peripheral blood T cells and monocytes and B cell lines derived from patients with lupus express estrogen receptor transcripts similar to those of normal cells .
Output: estrogen receptor
OBJECTIVE : To identify and characterize estrogen receptor ( ER ) transcripts expressed in immune cells of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus ( SLE ) and healthy donors .
Output: estrogen receptor
A detailed histopathologic review of 50 primary breast cancer tumors analyzed for estrogen receptor ( ER ) level was carried out and a variety of morphologic features correlated with ER results to identify any factors that will improve the management and prognosis for breast cancer .
Output: estrogen receptor
We have shown that estrogen receptor ( ERalpha , ERbeta ) transcripts are expressed in SLE and normal T cells .
Output: estrogen receptor
To determine what type of synovial cell was positive for EBS , cryosections of synovial tissues were immunostained with a specific monoclonal anti - estrogen receptor antibody ( anti - ER MAb ) using both immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase techniques .
Output: estrogen receptor
Immunostaining showed the estrogen receptor - positive cells to be the macrophage - like synoviocytes and the CD8 + , CD29 + T cells both in RA and in control synovial tissues .
Output: estrogen receptor
The mechanism responsible for the delayed nuclear accumulation of phosphorylated STAT3 was examined in detail , focusing on the role of B cell - derived lymphokines .
Output: phosphorylated STAT3
Results were the same when the amount of dexamethasone bound per milligram of cell protein was measured .
Output: cell protein
Our results indicate that cell cycle changes in dexamethasone binding are not simply related to changes in cell protein or cell volume during the cell cycle .
Output: cell protein
OBJECTIVE : Carrier identification in X - linked immunodeficiency disorders can be based on the demonstration of non - random X inactivation ( NRXI ) in affected blood cell lineages when growth is impaired in cells expressing the abnormal gene .
Output: abnormal gene
Surprisingly , in the CD4 ( + ) CD8 ( + ) thymocyte line , overexpression of a small Ikaros isoform had no effect on differentiation or on the pericentromeric targeting and DNA - binding properties of Ikaros .
Output: small Ikaros isoform
Significant mutations were not observed in c - MYC , S14 , or alpha - fetoprotein ( AFP ) genes , but BCL - 6 was highly mutated in a large proportion of memory B cells of normal individuals .
Output: BCL - 6
PCNSL associated frequently ( 50 . 0 % ) with mutations of BCL - 6 5 ' noncoding regions , which are regarded as a marker of B - cell transition through the germinal center ( GC ) .
Output: BCL - 6
Expression of BCL - 6 protein , which is restricted to GC B cells throughout physiologic B - cell maturation , was detected in 100 % AIDS - unrelated PCNSL and in 56 . 2 % AIDS - related cases .
Output: BCL - 6
Phosphorylation , in turn , targets BCL - 6 for rapid degradation by the ubiquitin / proteasome pathway .
Output: BCL - 6
Analysis of BCL - 6 mutations in classic Hodgkin disease of the B - and T - cell type .
Output: BCL - 6
BCL - 6 is essential for germinal center formation and thus for affinity maturation of immunoglobulin ( Ig ) genes by somatic mutations .
Output: BCL - 6
The 5 ' - noncoding region of the BCL - 6 gene is even a target for the mutation machinery .
Output: BCL - 6
In line with this hypothesis is the observation that B - cell lymphoma with somatic mutations , such as diffuse large B - cell lymphoma and follicular lymphoma , also carry BCL - 6 mutations , some of which are recurrently detectable .
Output: BCL - 6
Classic Hodgkin disease ( cHD ) is also derived from B cells with high loads of somatic mutations and thus a further candidate for BCL - 6 mutations .
Output: BCL - 6
To determine the presence and potential role of BCL - 6 mutations in cHD , the 5 ' - noncoding BCL - 6 proportion of single Hodgkin and Reed - Sternberg ( HRS ) cells from 6 cases of cHD and 6 cases of HD - derived cell lines was analyzed .
Output: BCL - 6
All B - cell - derived HD cases and cell lines harbored BCL - 6 mutations .
Output: BCL - 6
In contrast , both T - cell - derived HD cases and cell lines were devoid of BCL - 6 mutations .
Output: BCL - 6
With only one exception , there were no lymphoma - specific recurrent BCL - 6 mutations detected , and BCL - 6 protein was absent from the HRS cells of most cases .
Output: BCL - 6
In conclusion , ( 1 ) somatic BCL - 6 mutations are restricted to cHD cases of B - cell origin , and ( 2 ) the BCL - 6 mutations represent mostly irrelevant somatic base substitutions without consequences for BCL - 6 protein expression and the pathogenesis of cHD .
Output: BCL - 6
The Gads cleavage products retained the predicted binding specificity for SLP - 76 and LAT .
Output: SLP - 76
Although the VP16 369 - 380 peptide has a lower binding affinity for DQ0602 molecules than the VP16 33 - 52 peptide , T cells that recognized the VP16 369 - 380 peptide occurred at a much higher frequency than those that were specific for the VP16 33 - 52 peptide .
Output: DQ0602 molecules
Targeting Src homology 2 domain - containing tyrosine phosphatase ( SHP - 1 ) into lipid rafts inhibits CD3 - induced T cell activation .
Output: SHP - 1
It was shown that GC receptors in donors ' lymphocytes could be distributed into two different classes similarly to the pattern seen in skin fibroblasts .
Output: GC receptors
Human lymphocytes are an adequate object for studying genetically determined variability of GC receptors and its clinical importance .
Output: GC receptors
In agreement with the evidence of a coordinate transcription of the HLA - D genes in these cell lines , we have shown the constitutive expression of CIITA ( class II transactivator ) transcripts , CIITA being known as the master switch of MHC class II expression .
Output: class II transactivator
Transient expression analyses in cells of neuroglial and lymphocytic origin demonstrated that some of these LTRs had activities which varied significantly from the LAI LTR in U - 373 MG cells ( an astrocytoma cell line ) as well as in Jurkat cells ( a CD4 - positive lymphocyte cell line ) .
Output: LAI LTR
While LTRs which demonstrated the highest activities in U - 373 MG cells also yielded high activities in Jurkat cells , the LTRs were generally more active in Jurkat cells when compared to the LAI LTR .
Output: LAI LTR
In this report the biochemical properties of the heterotrimeric NF - Y complex have been characterized during stage - specific B - cell development , and in several class II - mutant B - cell lines , which represent distinct bare lymphocyte syndrome class II genetic complementation groups .
Output: NF - Y
Mutation of both the Sp1 site at + 9 and the TATA at - 32 reduced promoter activity to its minimal level .
Output: Sp1 site
Supershift assays showed no effect of the anti - Sp1 antibody on complex formation , whereas the anti - Sp3 antibody had a strong effect on protein . DNA complex formation , suggesting that Sp3 is one of the main factors binding to this Sp1 site .
Output: Sp1 site
BAP / TFII - I , a protein implicated in transcriptional regulation , is associated with Btk in B cells and is transiently phosphorylated on tyrosine following B cell receptor engagement .
Output: B cell receptor
In an effort to understand the physiologic consequences of BAP / TFII - I tyrosine phosphorylation following B cell receptor stimulation , site - directed mutagenesis and phosphopeptide mapping were used to locate the predominant sites of BAP / TFII - I phosphorylation by Btk in vitro .
Output: B cell receptor
Prior transfection studies have shown that when these p65 and p50 subunits are expressed independently as stable homodimers , p65 stimulates kappa B - directed transcription , whereas p50 functions as a kappa B - specific repressor .
Output: stable homodimers
The high levels of BSAP , especially those found in large - cell lymphomas and in some follicular lymphomas , may be a consequence of deregulated gene expression and suggest a possible involvement of PAX - 5 in certain B - cell malignancies .
Output: PAX - 5
Dissociation of the steroid and oxidation of receptor thiol group ( s ) lead to the inactive receptor form ( state E ) .
Output: receptor thiol group
Latent membrane protein - 1 ( LMP - 1 ) mRNA was detected in seven of eight patients and all cell lines , whereas EBNA - 2 transcripts were found only in the cell lines .
Output: LMP - 1
Immunostaining showed no LMP - 1 , EBNA - 2 or ZEBRA antigens in the paraffin - embedded tissue sections , although they were positive in the cell line cells .
Output: LMP - 1
Alteration in the level of HSBP1 expression in C . elegans has severe effects on survival of the animals after thermal and chemical stress , consistent with a role for HSBP1 as a negative regulator of the heat shock response .
Output: negative regulator
A stable and stoichiometric complex of CaMKIV with protein serine - threonine phosphatase 2A ( PP2A ) was identified in which PP2A dephosphorylates CaMKIV and functions as a negative regulator of CaMKIV signaling .
Output: negative regulator
Mononuclear cells infiltrating human mammary carcinomas : immunohistochemical analysis with monoclonal antibodies .
Output: monoclonal antibodies
However , this lytic activity was significantly increased after blockade of p58 with specific monoclonal antibodies .
Output: monoclonal antibodies
RESULTS : Consistent with the known features of nasal polyps , CD4 + ( T helper / inducer ) , CD8 + ( cytotoxic / suppressor ) , CD68 + ( macrophages ) , mast cells , eosinophils and neutrophils were all clearly detected by their relevant monoclonal antibodies or appropriate histochemical staining , but only mast cells tested positive for ER / PR labelling with their polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies .
Output: monoclonal antibodies
Synergistic transcriptional activation of human Acyl - coenzyme A : cholesterol acyltransterase - 1 gene by interferon - gamma and all - trans - retinoic acid THP - 1 cells .
Output: interferon - gamma
Immunohistochemical detection of interferon - gamma - producing cells in dermatophytosis .
Output: interferon - gamma
To determine the effects on transcriptional regulation , U937 cells were transfected with a plasmid containing the HIV - 1 enhancer ( bearing two NF - kappa B sites ) coupled to a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase ( CAT ) reporter .
Output: HIV - 1
Tuberculosis has emerged as an epidemic , extended by the large number of individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV - 1 ) .
Output: HIV - 1
The major goal of this study was to determine whether the mycobacterial cell wall component mannose - capped lipoarabinomannan ( ManLAM ) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( M . tuberculosis ) could activate transcription of HIV - 1 in T cells with the use of an in vitro cell culture system .
Output: HIV - 1
The results suggest that M . tuberculosis can upregulate HIV - 1 expression in T cells and could thus have the potential to influence the pathogenesis of HIV - 1 infection .
Output: HIV - 1
The generation of genomic diversity during the course of infection has the potential to affect all aspects of HIV - 1 replication , including expression of the proviral genome .
Output: HIV - 1
HIV - 1 infection is accompanied by qualitative and quantitative defects in CD4 + T lymphocytes .
Output: HIV - 1
A clinically acceptable synthetic derivative of MDP , namely murabutide ( MB ) , has been found to present interesting pharmacological properties and to suppress HIV - 1 replication in monocyte - derived macrophages ( MDM ) .
Output: HIV - 1
To investigate the role of costimulation of OX40 in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV - 1 ) infection by its natural ligand , gp34 , the OX40 - transfected ACH - 2 cell line , ACH - 2 / OX40 , chronically infected with HIV - 1 , was cocultured with paraformaldehyde ( PFA ) - fixed gp34 - transfected mouse cell line , SV - T2 / gp34 .
Output: HIV - 1
The results showed that HIV - 1 production was strongly induced .
Output: HIV - 1
When primary activated CD4 ( + ) T cells acutely infected with HIV - 1 ( NL4 - 3 ) ( CXCR4 - using T - cell - line - tropic ) were cocultured with PFA - fixed gp34 ( + ) human T - cell leukemia virus type 1 - bearing MT - 2 cells or SV - T2 / gp34 cells , HIV - 1 production was also markedly enhanced .
Output: HIV - 1
The present study first shows that OX40 - gp34 interaction stimulates HIV - 1 expression and suggests that OX40 triggering by gp34 may play an important role in enhancing HIV - 1 production in both acutely and latently infected CD4 ( + ) T cells in vivo .
Output: HIV - 1
Live - attenuated human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV - 1 ) variants have shown great promise as AIDS vaccines , but continued replication can lead to the selection of faster - replicating variants that are pathogenic .
Output: HIV - 1
We therefore designed HIV - 1 genomes that replicate exclusively upon addition of the nontoxic effector doxycycline ( dox ) .
Output: HIV - 1
We demonstrated that expression of dnEts markedly suppressed HIV - 1 infection of a T cell line .
Output: HIV - 1
Activation of signal transduction and apoptosis in healthy lymphomonocytes exposed to bystander HIV - 1 - infected cells .
Output: HIV - 1
Persistent activation of the immune system is one of the hallmarks of HIV - 1 infection .
Output: HIV - 1
The relationship between human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV - 1 ) infection and the induction of NF - kappa B binding activity was examined in a myeloid cell model of HIV - 1 infection derived from the PLB - 985 cell line .
Output: HIV - 1
The 70 - kDa protein corresponds to the NF - kappa B RelA ( p65 ) subunit , which is activated in response to an acute paramyxovirus infection or a chronic HIV - 1 infection .
Output: HIV - 1
Surprisingly , neither MB nor MDP were able to transduce signals via CD14 and TLR2 or 4 .
Output: TLR2 or 4
BTK phosphorylated the Y665F , Y668F , and Y682F , Y683F mutants but not the Y694F mutant of STAT5A .
Output: Y694F mutant
CML - modified albumin produced rapid transient activation of tyrosine phosphorylation , extracellular signal - regulated kinase 1 and 2 , and p38 mitogen - activated protein kinase ( MAPK ) , but not c - Jun NH ( 2 ) - terminal kinase .
Output: c - Jun
We have recently identified CD48 as the high affinity counterreceptor for 2B4 in both mice and humans .
Output: high affinity counterreceptor
B cell antigen receptor ligation resulted in enhanced tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT5 in BTK - deficient chicken B cells reconstituted with wild type human BTK but not in BTK - deficient chicken B cells reconstituted with kinase - inactive mutant BTK .
Output: antigen receptor
These findings provide unprecedented experimental evidence that BTK plays a nonredundant and pivotal role in B cell antigen receptor - mediated STAT5A activation in B cells
Output: antigen receptor
A constitutive activation of STAT factors could explain the increased proliferation of P . vera cells even in the absence of growth factor stimulation .
Output: STAT factors
CI - 1 treatment prior to LPS resulted in 40 % lower MIP - 2 concentration in lung lavage fluid compared to rats treated with vehicle prior to LPS ( 502 + / - 112 pg / ml vs . 859 + / - 144 pg / ml , P < 0 . 05 ) .
Output: MIP - 2
To delineate the mechanisms of transcriptional activation , we recently cloned the 5 ' - flanking region of the MIP - 2 gene .
Output: MIP - 2
Taken together , our studies suggest that MIP - 2 is an important mediator of NaVO3 - induced pulmonary inflammation in the rat model .
Output: MIP - 2
Phosphorylation of BAP / TFII - I by Btk may link engagement of receptors such as surface immunoglobulin to modulation of gene expression .
Output: surface immunoglobulin
Lymphokine dependence of STAT3 activation produced by surface immunoglobulin cross - linking and by phorbol ester plus calcium ionophore treatment in B cells .
Output: surface immunoglobulin
As anticipated , NRXI could be demonstrated in all lymphoid cells studied from obligate carriers of XSCID and an obligate carrier of XLH but not on a carrier of X - linked immunodeficiency with hyper - IgM .
Output: hyper - IgM
Specific missense mutations in NEMO result in hyper - IgM syndrome with hypohydrotic ectodermal dysplasia .
Output: hyper - IgM
We describe mutations in the putative zinc - finger domain of NEMO that result in an X - linked primary immunodeficiency characterized by hyper - IgM syndrome and hypohydrotic ectodermal dysplasia ( XHM - ED ) .
Output: hyper - IgM
Reactivity with the tegument protein encoded by UL21 was identified for an additional patient .
Output: tegument protein
Three new epitopes were identified in VP16 , a tegument protein associated with VP22 .
Output: tegument protein
The role of the chemokine binding stromal - derived factor 1 ( SDF - 1 ) in normal human megakaryopoiesis at the cellular and molecular levels and its comparison with that of thrombopoietin ( TPO ) have not been determined .
Output: SDF - 1
In this study it was found that SDF - 1 , unlike TPO , does not stimulate alpha ( IIb ) beta ( 3 ) ( + ) cell proliferation or differentiation or have an antiapoptotic effect .
Output: SDF - 1
This study expands the understanding of the role of SDF - 1 and TPO in normal human megakaryopoiesis and indicates the molecular basis of the observed differences in cellular responses .
Output: SDF - 1
As a result of this interaction , p12 ( I ) increases signal transducers and activators of transcription 5 ( STAT5 ) DNA binding and transcriptional activity and this effect depends on the presence of both IL - 2R beta and gamma ( c ) chains and Jak3 .
Output: IL - 2R
Thymocytes and T cells from IkappaBalpha ( DeltaN ) transgenic mice expressed normal levels of IL - 2R subunits .
Output: IL - 2R
Partial inhibition of p50 and p105 expression by NF - kappa B1 antisense oligonucleotides significantly reduced T - cell proliferation and CD25 / IL - 2R alpha cell surface expression .
Output: IL - 2R
Cell surface expression of IL - 2R alpha - and beta - chains as determined by immunofluorescence analysis was not affected by Dex .
Output: IL - 2R
These results demonstrate that glucocorticoids inhibit preactivated T cells by down - regulating signal transduction through IL - 2R .
Output: IL - 2R
Subsequently , DCs act as APCs involved in the uptake , processing , and presentation of apoptotic tumor Ags to cross - prime CD8 ( + ) CTL cells .
Output: apoptotic tumor Ags
This octanucleotide , in reverse orientation , is also found in all light chain variable region ( VL ) genes , and in the immunoglobulin heavy chain transcriptional enhancer .
Output: transcriptional enhancer
One element is located in the intron between the variable ( V ) and constant ( C ) regions of both heavy and kappa light - chain genes and acts as a transcriptional enhancer .
Output: transcriptional enhancer
Macrophage stimulation with Murabutide , an HIV - suppressive muramyl peptide derivative , selectively activates extracellular signal - regulated kinases 1 and 2 , C / EBPbeta and STAT1 : role of CD14 and Toll - like receptors 2 and 4 .
Output: C / EBPbeta
A similar response was induced by endothelial stimulation with IL - 1beta , here used as positive control ( 195 + / - 20 cells / mm2 ) .
Output: IL - 1beta
Stable adhesion of leukocytes to glucose - treated as well as to IL - 1beta - stimulated endothelial cells was preceded by short interaction of leukocytes with the endothelial surface .
Output: IL - 1beta
The distance travelled by leukocytes before arrest on 30 mM glucose , or on IL - 1beta - treated endothelial cells , was significantly ( P < 0 . 01 ) higher than that observed for leukocytes adhering on control endothelium ( 30 mM glucose : 76 . 7 + / - 3 . 5 ; IL1beta : 69 . 7 + / - 4 versus 5 mM glucose : 21 . 5 + / - 5 microm ) .
Output: IL - 1beta
Sera from diabetic patients significantly ( P < 0 . 01 ) enhanced leukocyte adhesion as compared with controls , despite normal levels of IL - 1beta and TNFalpha in these sera .
Output: IL - 1beta
METHODS : Mice were injected intraarticularly with mBSA on day 0 and subcutaneously with recombinant human IL - 1beta on days 0 - 2 .
Output: IL - 1beta
The Il - 4 promoter / enhancer is transcriptionally inactive in B lymphoma cells and HeLa cells .
Output: Il - 4
Tumors binding more than 5 fmol / mg cytosol protein were classified as ER - positive .
Output: cytosol protein
Immunoglobulin gene - specific transacting factors have been shown to play a role in lymphoid tissue - specific expression of immunoglobulin genes .
Output: immunoglobulin genes
This region is located within the 920 bp fragment located 210 bp upstream from the coding region and this fragment represents a possible novel DNA region , which plays a role in the stage - and tissue - specific expression of immunoglobulin genes .
Output: immunoglobulin genes
Transfection studies have established that this octamer is involved in the lymphoid - specific transcription of immunoglobulin genes .
Output: immunoglobulin genes
Suppression of HIV type 1 replication by a dominant - negative Ets - 1 mutant .
Output: Ets - 1
A significant ( P < 0 . 01 ) inhibitory effect on glucose - induced leukocyte adhesion was observed after blocking protein kinase C activity with staurosporine ( 5 nM ) .
Output: protein kinase C
Furthermore , we show that this is achieved via protein kinase C - dependent degradation of IkappaBalpha .
Output: protein kinase C
We used several agents active on signal transduction pathways in cytokine expression , such as the protein kinase C inhibitor staurosporin , antioxidant agents including N - acetyl cysteine ( NAC ) and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate ( PDTC ) , and p38 mitogen - activated protein kinase ( MAPK ) inhibitor SB203580 .
Output: protein kinase C
The physical association of protein kinase C theta with a lipid raft - associated inhibitor of kappa B factor kinase ( IKK ) complex plays a role in the activation of the NF - kappa B cascade by TCR and CD28 .
Output: protein kinase C
Elevation of intracellular cAMP in T cells , induced by agents such as IL - 1alpha or PGs , inhibits T cell activation .
Output: IL - 1alpha
Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays supported the involvement of both Sp1 and Sp3 in complexes formed on the MAT2B promoter .
Output: MAT2B promoter
Structure and regulation of the glucocorticoid hormone receptor .
Output: glucocorticoid hormone receptor
In this study , we obtained PBL from Epstein - Barr virus ( EBV ) IgG antibody positive kidney transplant recipients ( R ) and their living - related donors ( LRD ) one year after renal transplantation .
Output: IgG antibody
Preferential transcription of HTLV - I LTR in cell - free extracts of human T cells producing HTLV - I viral proteins .
Output: viral proteins
The promoters of the adenovirus 2 major late gene , the mouse beta - globin gene , the mouse immunoglobulin VH gene and the LTR of the human T - lymphotropic retrovirus type I were tested for their transcription activities in cell - free extracts of four cell lines ; HeLa , CESS ( Epstein - Barr virus - transformed human B cell line ) , MT - 1 ( HTLV - I - infected human T cell line without viral protein synthesis ) , and MT - 2 ( HTLV - I - infected human T cell line producing viral proteins ) .
Output: viral proteins
The mutations are linked to transcription initiation , but non - Ig promoters are permissible for the mutation process ; thus , other genes expressed in mutating B cells may also be subject to somatic hypermutation .
Output: Ig promoters
The synergistic induction of tyrosine phosphorylation by H2O2 plus vanadate included physiologically relevant proteins such as PLC gamma 1 .
Output: PLC gamma 1
Induction of tyrosine phosphorylation by ROI may thus lead to many of the pleiotropic effects of ROI in lymphoid cells , including downstream activation of PLC gamma 1 and NF - kappa B
Output: PLC gamma 1
The binding sites were extracted from a nuclear pellet by treatment with 0 . 4 mol / l KCl and sonication .
Output: binding sites
The number of binding sites was not significantly modified .
Output: binding sites
Characterization of aldosterone binding sites in circulating human mononuclear leukocytes .
Output: binding sites
Aldosterone binding sites in human mononuclear leukocytes were characterized after separation of cells from blood by a Percoll gradient .
Output: binding sites
The number of the binding sites per cell resulted significantly lower ( 189 + / - 114 , mean + / - SD ) , as compared with the normal controls ( 298 + / - 105 ) .
Output: binding sites
Incubation of a human malignant thymus derived T cell line ( MOLT 3 ) with TMS F5 also resulted in a significant reduction of the number of steroid binding sites to 44 . 2 + / - 15 . 3 % of control ( P less than 0 . 05 ) , but TMS F5 did not significantly reduce the glucocorticoid sensitivity of MOLT 3 cells .
Output: binding sites
Human peripheral blood monocytes have high affinity binding sites for 1 , 25 - ( OH ) 2D3 ( Kd 0 . 14 nM , sedimentation coefficient 3 . 7S ) .
Output: binding sites
At 24 degrees C normal human lymphocytes had 6000 binding sites / cell and a dissociation constant of 4 x 10 ( - 9 ) M .
Output: binding sites