niryuu/sni-each-converted huggingface dataset:
CONTEXT: We have a convection oven and almost always use it. I can't remember the last time we didn't use convection. Our model automatically decreases the temperature, so if you set it for 300, then it will heat to 275. Not sure if that is a magic 25 degree number, but it seems to work. Almost all recipes cook time wise as they would with a non-convection oven. Our also has a single and multi-rack mode, and it circulates the air differently in that case. We have NEVER had any problems with the food drying out more with the air circulation as they say that is a common negative.I am sure the effectiveness varies oven to oven, but in our case, we always use it (except for broiling of course).  <sep>  Q: I think I understand what convection does, and (some) of the benefits, such as eliminating hot/cold spots, and being more efficient overall. Does this mean that I should always take advantage of it? A: We have a convection oven and almost always use it  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Should I use convection for everything when I bake?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: I usually don't buy crumbled tofu, but since you have that, I would suggest making tofu burgers. Add another hearty ingredient, like lightly roasted finely chopped walnuts, or baked eggplant cubes. Combine with chopped onions, garlic, grated carrots, and breadcrumbs. Bind with beaten egg. Season with your choice of herbs or spices, such as thyme, oregano, basil. Form into patties, fry lightly in olive oil and sprinkle with tamari (or soy sauce) until both sides are browned. Bake until fully cooked in the oven at 375 degrees. Serve on a bun just like a beef patty.  <sep>  Q: What can I do with excess tofu? A: I would suggest making tofu burgers  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: How do I make tofu burgers?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: Personally I'd suggest blanching your pasta. By blanching:I mean get a big pan of heavily salted water on a rolling boil. Drop your pasta into the water, give it a stir.After 1 min or when the water has come back to boil drain the pasta off.At this point your pasta will still be el' dante but not raw which is what I suspect the directions are suggesting when they say "2 min less than instructed" then just use it at the mixing with sour cream step.If you were to just use the pasta freshly made it will likely not have the texture desired. Boiling it will help moisten it up and start to cook the flour.  <sep>  Q: how do I prep the noodles? A: Personally I'd suggest blanching your pasta  Q: how do I avoid over cooking the noodles? A: Drop your pasta into the water, give it a stir.After 1 min or when the water has come back to boil drain the pasta off.At this point your pasta will still be el' dante but not raw  Q: when do I drain the noodles? A: After 1 min or when the water has come back to boil drain the pasta off  Q: what tip do you suggest for great noodles? A: get a big pan of heavily salted water on a rolling boil  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: what type of sauce is best?
Output: No
CONTEXT: The key to this is really high heat and pan-fry in a single layer, very quickly. The goal is to get that nice brown caramelized surface and barely cook the interior and then get it out of the pan before it starts to seep water. Also, wait to season with salt until it comes out of the pan so it doesn't draw out the water prematurely.  <sep>  Q: How can I pan fry zucchini without making it soggy? A: The key to this is really high heat and pan-fry in a single layer  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Can you offer any other helpful information on cooking zucchini?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: I have seen this happening more than once. While I don't know the whole theory behind it, each time it happened, there was something just below the hole, let's call it "the lump". What I think happens is that the lump is too heavy. When the batter below it tries to rise, it doesn't have the strength to push up the lump. This could be combined with differences in heat transfer throughout the batter vs. on the batter-lump transition in preventing rising (I am certain they exist, but I don't know whether they have an effect at all). The result is a hole where the batter didn't rise, surrounded by nicely risen batter. As to where the lump comes from: you say "chocolate and pear cake". If you have pear pieces in the batter, right under the surface, they can do this. I have certainly seen it happen when the recipe includes fruit pieces in the batter. If there are no pear pieces, my second guess is badly dissolved flour. The directions for this type of cake normally include folding the whites very gently, and generally erring on the side of too little whisking. This could contribute to uneven batter texture, resulting in lumps. In the second case, the cake may have some less-than-pleasant pieces, but will still be mostly good. If it is fruit, the holes are purely a cosmetic problem. So not much harm done either way, unless you are shooting for a prize at a baking competition.  <sep>  Q: I baked a cake and it has holes in it why? A: each time it happened, there was something just below the hole, let's call it "the lump  Q: Was it because the batter was uneven? A: What I think happens is that the lump is too heavy  Q: Could it be uneven rising? A: When the batter below it tries to rise, it doesn't have the strength to push up the lump  Q: How could this be prevented? A: folding the whites very gently, and generally erring on the side of too little whisking  Q: Anything else? A: my second guess is badly dissolved flour  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: I precooked the pears in rum do you think that had anything to do with it?
Output: No
CONTEXT: Scallions are very touchy. You don't want them to dry out, and yet you don't want them too wet or they will get slimy and disgusting.What works best for me is remove any binding holding them together (e.g. rubber band or twisty-tie), (and certainly trim off any parts of the scallions that are already damaged and/or slimy), don't wash until you are ready to use them, wrap the bunch of scallions loosely (but completely covered) in a paper towel, and then store that wrapped bundle in a flimsy plastic bag (maybe the one you brought them home from the supermarket in) in your refrigerator. Sounds "fussy" when you lay out all the steps like that, but really, it's not a whole lot of work. Removing the rubber band etc. prevents damage where it would cut into the veg. flesh, paper towel absorbs condensation & liquid water which will rot the scallions (paper towel will prob. become slightly damp after a while in the fridge, but this is OK), plastic bag prevents evaporation of moist air.I find this works well for lots of greens, esp. cilantro - the worst offender in the demanding vegetables category.P.S. If you aren't too squeamish, you can even remove the very outermost layer of a scallion which has begun to "slime-out", wash the remainder right before using - & it's fine!  <sep>  Q: How do I preserve scallions? A: Scallions are very touchy. You don't want them to dry out, and yet you don't want them too wet or they will get slimy and disgusting  Q: Is there a good way to prevent the green part from drying out? A: don't wash until you are ready to use them  Q: Should they be stored in the refrigerator? A: store that wrapped bundle in a flimsy plastic bag (maybe the one you brought them home from the supermarket in) in your refrigerator  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Is there a specific length of time when they should no longer be used?
Output: No
CONTEXT: The easiest thing to do is to chop them up, and preserve them in an acidic solution that you allow to ferment a little. Then, just keep it in the fridge as long as you like. Additionally, the onions will become tastier, easier to digest and will have an improved nutritional profile.The acidic solution can be any mixture of water with salt, sugar, vinegar, spices, whey, yogurt, wine, beer, lemon juice, etc...The options are endless. This is called your brine and people have been using this method of preservation for millions of years.As far as storing fresh onions, your best bet is to keep them in the refrigerator's crisper drawer which helps keep vegetables fresher longer.  <sep>  Q: Do you have any advice for storing green onions? A: The easiest thing to do is to chop them up, and preserve them in an acidic solution that you allow to ferment a little. Then, just keep it in the fridge as long as you like  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: How long will they last in a chill chest?
Output: No
CONTEXT: Buckwheat seems to have fallen out of favor in the US. In other countries it is still a staple.In Russia buckwheat (grechka) is eaten as a hot cereal- just boil it until it bursts and add some sweetened condensed milk. Delicious. In fact- the best way I have purchased it locally is by finding international grocery stores that have a Russian section.It has a very distinctive nutty, earthy flavor. You would recognize it if you have had it so it seems unlikely to me that there might be some clandestine usage and you are "out of the loop" at all.Although it is very nutritious (a whole grain and all), it is used in pancakes just for the flavor. It's usage in pancakes seems to be purely traditional and taking informal surveys of my friends (in Texas) it is uncommon for anyone to know what it is at all.  <sep>  Q: Why Buckwheat Pancakes? A: whea  Q: Yes A: Buckwheat seems to have fallen out of favor in the US. In other countries it is still a staple  Q: Where is buckwheat harvested? A: the best way I have purchased it locally is by finding international grocery stores that have a Russian section  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: How much does buckwheat cost?
Output: No
CONTEXT: Yes it should - sort of. Your observation is right on point, a very rich dough will tear more easily. (I did the same experiment once myself.) But it will still show some characteristics of the windowpane test: it will stretch smoothly and the "pane" should be very even, not show streaks of thicker and thinner areas. Note that the temperature of your dough and thus the consistency of your fat may have an influence as well. While warm doughs with soft fat will be very stretchy, cool doughs (made with cold ingredients and little yeast for an overnight cold raise) can be less cooperative.If you are familiar with how a "ready" non-enriched dough looks that passes the windowpane test, you will probably recognise the same smoothness in an enriched dough anyway, without performing the test. For this specific recipe, I guess it's the very low hydration that makes the windowpane test difficult and the dough prone to tearing, not the fat.  <sep>  Q: Should enriched doughs pass the windowpane test? A: it will still show some characteristics of the windowpane test: it will stretch smoothly and the "pane" should be very even  Q: My first attempt didn't, how do I get it to pass this test? A: the temperature of your dough and thus the consistency of your fat may have an influence  Q: What temperature should my dough be at? A: warm doughs with soft fat will be very stretchy, cool doughs (made with cold ingredients and little yeast for an overnight cold raise) can be less cooperative  Q: What kinds of soft fat works best? A: it's the very low hydration that makes the windowpane test difficult and the dough prone to tearing, not the fat  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Does the amount of time I knead the dough play a factor?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: 'Paella rice' is not actually a variety of rice, but a category suitable, as the its name suggests, for making paella. Some common varieties are: Bahia, Balilla, Bomba, Senia, and Calasparra; the particular variety should be indicated on the packet that you choose.These varieties differ from risotto rices, such as arborio and carnaroli, in not creating a creamy 'sauce' around the rice. Paella rice should stick together, but be distinct and not in a creamy 'sauce'.Arborio rice has a creamy, chewy texture due to its higher amylopectin (one of two components in its starch) content. Paella rice absorbs more liquid than risotto rices, however it too would become 'creamy' if you stirred it like a risotto, since it also has a high starch content.  <sep>  Q: Is there a difference in the rice? A: Paella rice' is not actually a variety of rice, but a category suitable, as the its name suggests, for making paella  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: What is risotto rice?
Output: No
CONTEXT: Coriander leaf/cilantro looks VERY similar to flat leaf parsley. When I have both at the house I sometimes resort to smelling them to know which is which. Cilantro is very strong smelling, and you'd definitely change the flavor of the dish if you left it out.Flat leaf parsley is significantly more subtle and has a much milder flavor and scent. It is not flavorless, and in a recipe that calls for a lot of it, you'd really be missing something by leaving it out.When you've got a recipe that calls for both parsley and cilantro, you're definitely going to be more able to taste/smell the cilantro more than parsley, but they'll both contribute different notes. If you have to leave one out, leave out the parsley, but don't try to make up the volume with more cilantro, as you may wind up overpowering your dish. Just leave the parsley out and proceed as normal.Do not use curly leave parsley in anything--it is tough and virtually flavorless. It is ONLY a garnish and not worth wasting your time on.  <sep>  Q: What is the difference between parsley and coriander(cilantro)? A: Coriander leaf/cilantro looks VERY similar to flat leaf parsley. When I have both at the house I sometimes resort to smelling them to know which is which  Q: Would omission of one drastically change the flavor of a dish, for example falafel? A: When you've got a recipe that calls for both parsley and cilantro, you're definitely going to be more able to taste/smell the cilantro more than parsley, but they'll both contribute different notes  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: So to be authentic I should use both?
Output: No
CONTEXT: With online meat shopping in the UK you have to go with the reputation of the source, there's no grading system which you can refer to. Top end butchers and grocery stores carry top end beef, and most of the time you do get what you pay for. Many supermarket chains have premium labels, ie Tesco Finest and Sainsbury's Taste The Difference, which are definitely much better than their regular stuff, but I think the best mainstream grocery store premium brand for meat is Coop. At the end of the day there's no substitute for getting your own eyes on the meat you are buying, so I would recommend you try local butcher shops. There's still plenty of them around in the UK, and the quality varies dramatically. There are some that will pawn off legs of lamb that are about to turn, and others which control their entire supply chain and have some of the best meat in the world. You just have to try a few and see.  <sep>  Q: As a consumer in the UK, how can I choose well marbled beef? A: Top end butchers and grocery stores carry top end beef, and most of the time you do get what you pay for  Q: Since meat is heavy, I prefer to make my purchases online, do you know of a good online source? A: With online meat shopping in the UK you have to go with the reputation of the source, there's no grading system which you can refer to  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Do you suggest I buy meat from the US?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: In short, using port as a substitute for red wine will not wreck the dish.Though the flavour is different (and richer) and will make your bolognese taste different as a result, the taste should not be bad. I frequently do this as I am not a red wine drinker, and port keeps far better in an open bottle. I would recommend using slightly less than when using red wine, but this is highly subjective.  <sep>  Q: Will swapping the red wine in my spaghetti bolognese with port wreck the dish? A: Though the flavour is different (and richer) and will make your bolognese taste different as a result, the taste should not be bad  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: What is the difference in taste between a port and the usual red wines that are used in bolognese?
Output: No
CONTEXT: The fishy smell comes from amines - you want a low pH substance to take the smell away, like lemon juice or vinegar. Some brands of "shower cleaner" will do the trick.Bicarbonate of soda absorbs "general" odors, but it is alkaline and not the best choice in this case.  <sep>  Q: I tried washing with soap and it hasn't helped. A: Bicarbonate of soda absorbs "general" odors, but it is alkaline and not the best choice in this case.  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Are there resources you recommend to learn more?
Output: No
CONTEXT: There's not really anything easy you can do. Even adding lemon zest or essence isn't really going to help; it'll just give you a lemony but still sweet cake. I suppose theoretically you could add sour things, since that does tend to balance out sweetness, but it's tricky since acid will interact with the leavening. A sour icing, or a sour sauce to serve it with, might be a better bet in that vein.So unfortunately, you'd be best off shopping around for cake mixes that are more the level of sweetness you want. You might be able to use the nutrition facts to help get a sense of how sweet they are before you buy them.  <sep>  Q: How can I make cake mix less sweet? A: theoretically you could add sour things  Q: What kinds of sour things do you recommend to add/ A: A sour icing, or a sour sauce to serve it with, might be a better bet in that vein  Q: Would certain cake mix flavors be less sweet than others? A: you'd be best off shopping around for cake mixes that are more the level of sweetness you want  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: What kind of a sour icing or sour sauce do you recommend?
Output: No
CONTEXT: Ripening of the avocado is slowed down greatly by refrigeration, so it is usually a good idea to let the avocado ripen fully at room temperature. Once it is ripe, it can be stored in the refrigerator for at least a week. This way, it is ready to use whenever you want it. Fortunately, there is a day or two when the avocado is ripe, but not too ripe, so if you check on it everyday when ripening, you will be able to save it at the correct ripeness without worrying about it too much.Putting an unripened avocado in the refrigerator may prevent it from ever ripening completely. Once cooled to near freezing (40F in most refrigerators), it seems that some avocados (maybe it depends on the type) don't ripen anymore, even when removed to room temperature.  <sep>  Q: Will avocado stay fresh longer if stored in the refrigerator? A: Ripening of the avocado is slowed down greatly by refrigeration  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: What is the ideal temperature to store avocado?
Output: No
CONTEXT: Gumbo is a creolized (blending of different cultures) dish that was really a way of making use of many whatever might be on hand. The word "Gumbo" itself comes from the African Bantu tribal language which uses the word "Ngambo" for okra. In the plantation culture of the south "ngambo" became "gumbo" and eventually came to be the word for a soup containing okra. In the deep south of South Carolina and southern Georgia it typically has Okra in it to provide thickening from the mucilaginous substance secreted from the okra.As people moved westward toward the Louisiana region they adopted the Choctaw Indian method of using ground sassafras leaves (gumbe file) as the preferred thickening method in that area. Sidenote: Gumbo file is considered to be the only indigenous north American spice.Without knowing what it is that you've been disappointed with, it's difficult to make suggestions. As with so many regional dishes there are certain consistencies but more often than not...more variations. This is one of those items where there isn't necessarily ONE primary method.Some gumbos use a roux for added depth of flavor, color, and thickening while others are more broth based.The main consistency is that it is typically served ladled over rice.  <sep>  Q: What is gumbo? A: Gumbo is a creolized (blending of different cultures) dish that was really a way of making use of many whatever might be on hand  Q: Is there a secret to making it good? A: Without knowing what it is that you've been disappointed with, it's difficult to make suggestions  Q: I've never made it before, so what makes it so good? A: Some gumbos use a roux for added depth of flavor, color, and thickening while others are more broth based  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: What else is in it?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: Yes, it can go bad.It's pretty much the same as the way flour can go bad: the fats can go rancid. Grains are mostly starch, but they contain enough fat for rancidity to be a noticeable problem. There's a huge amount of variability in how long that takes, though. If it's airtight and kept in a cool, dark place, it'll last much longer than the best before date. But if it's been exposed to air, light, or heat, it can go pretty fast, perhaps even before the best before date.So, smell it. If you detect any unpleasant smells, you probably don't want to eat it. Even if you don't smell anything obvious, it could still be subtly rancid, so if you're planning on serving it to anyone, you might want to cook a small bit to test.  <sep>  Q: Does polenta 'go off'? A: it can go bad  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: What is an indication that it goes bad?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: To get ground seeds I usually pound the whole pods once or twice in a mortar. The seeds should separate from the husk easily then. Remove the entire pod from the mortar, and grind the seeds.Is this recipe for a marinade? You might get away with just crushing the pods, not separating the husk and seeds.  <sep>  Q: Recipe asks for 15 cardamom pods, crushed...do I keep the shells? A: To get ground seeds I usually pound the whole pods once or twice in a mortar. The seeds should separate from the husk easily then  Q: Do I use the shells or dispose of them? A: Remove the entire pod from the mortar, and grind the seeds  Q: Is it easy to crush the pod? A: The seeds should separate from the husk easily  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: I am using this on grilled chicken, do you think it will be good?
Output: No
CONTEXT: It's typically a problem with large pockets of air in the dough before you bake it.For the cinnamon swirl bread, try to make sure that you're not getting air trapped when rolling it. For other loaves, you want to make sure to punch it down well after the first rise, and make sure you aren't trapping air in it if you're doing a stretch and fold when shaping it.  <sep>  Q: What causes gaps/holes in homemade bread?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: Put the meat in a sealed plastic bag, place in a bowl in the sink, fill with cold tapwater, then set the tap running in a thin stream with the water overflowing the sides of the bowl. The moving water will safely thaw the meat through convection. Make sure you get as much air out of the plastic bag as you can. You might need to put some weight on it in the bowl to keep it submerged in the water.  <sep>  Q: I need to quickly and safely thaw frozen ground beef, what are my options? A: Put the meat in a sealed plastic bag, place in a bowl in the sink, fill with cold tapwater, then set the tap running in a thin stream with the water overflowing the sides of the bowl  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Can I leave it defrosting on the counter?
Output: No
CONTEXT: The basic principle of serving a dish at a time is called Russian Service by the French, who started using it in the early 1800s. The particular order of the dishes has changed with the times and with theories of how meals should be served. The book Arranging the Meal by Flandrin describes the history of these changing fashions.There has been a debate since classic Greek times of when to have, or even whether to have, a salad course. The Greeks suggested eating after the meal to help with the ensuing drinking. The British were having it before the meal in the 1600s. By the 1800s French meals served Ã  la russe placed the salad close to the end of the meal, a tradition kept up to today. I remember reading that the starter salad, common in the US, is a simplified antipasto, but have not been able to find the reference, so for now it is just a guess.  <sep>  Q: From which culture did our North American meal progression (soup/salad/appetizer + meal + dessert) come from?###Sorry for the lag. A: There has been a debate since classic Greek times of when to have, or even whether to have, a salad course. The Greeks suggested eating after the meal to help with the ensuing drinking  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Do any other cultures have a tea-time like in Britain?
Output: No
CONTEXT: I'm going with an electric slicer. The item I envisioned does not exist.Update: The housemates are happy now. They're computer geeks and love gadgets. They can now slice up their own ham and turkey to their hearts' content.The slicer takes up space, but will pay for itself in a few months. We were getting deli slices for $8 - $10 per pound. Now I can get frozen turkey breast for ~ $3 - $4 per pound, roast, slice, and freeze the excess for future weeks. ;~)  <sep>  Q: what type of slicer is best? A: I'm going with an electric slicer  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: what is a way I can use the slicer?
Output: No
CONTEXT: This should be no problem. It is basically the same process as making a vinaigrette, only using water instead of vinegar, and lecithin instead of mustard. Here's how I would go about it. Let's say you have 1 cup of oil to emulsify. Go buy soy lecithin at a health food store. Take 1/2 cup of water, and dissolve 1 teaspoon of the soy lecithin in it. Use a blender or immersion blender. With the blender running, slowly drizzle in the cod liver oil. It will emulsify - the oil will disperse into ultra-fine droplets in the water, and presumably the taste will be both diluted and somewhat hidden by being locked up in little droplets. If this doesn't work, you just need more lecithin, so dissolve a bit more in another 1/4 cup of water and drizzle the whole thing back in to the blender.Naturally you'll want to take 50% more, since the oil is now only 2/3 of the volume.Those other ingredients are for flavor and anti-oxidation, not needed for the basic thing you are trying to accomplish.  <sep>  Q: How can I emulsify cod liver oil, or otherwise mask its taste? A: It is basically the same process as making a vinaigrette, only using water instead of vinegar, and lecithin instead of mustard  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Is there a way for me to make a similar product at home from raw cod liver oil?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: You are probably stirring the pudding too much. Cornstarch starts thickening at about 205Â°F/95Â°C. Once the pudding has got to that point and has thickened, stop stirring, otherwise you will interfere with the starch formation that causes the thickening. Using electric beaters probably means you are missing the point when the pudding has thickened and quickly beating the living daylights out of any starch formation that has occurred.It may also be the case that you are beating so much air into the pudding that it just doesn't get hot enough to activate the cornstarch in the first place. I would use @ecnerwal's suggestion of a double boiler, along with a balloon whisk, and some patience.  <sep>  Q: Why won't my pudding thicken up? A: You are probably stirring the pudding too much  Q: Will over stirring cause it not to thicken? A: Cornstarch starts thickening at about 205Â°F/95Â°C. Once the pudding has got to that point and has thickened, stop stirring  Q: I've already doubled the corn starch, should I try adding even more corn starch? A: Once the pudding has got to that point and has thickened, stop stirring, otherwise you will interfere with the starch formation that causes the thickening  Q: I am cooking it on hotplates, do you think that could be the problem? A: I would use @ecnerwal's suggestion of a double boiler, along with a balloon whisk, and some patience  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: What is a double boiler?
Output: No
CONTEXT: You could try using a different types of sugar with your soy sauce, perhaps palm sugar. This has that different flavor that your probably looking for. This is also the type of sugar that is commonly used when cooking in Southeast Asian foods, such as Indonesian food. Also the type of soy sauce you are using in the first place, You might want to try a Thai or Filipino style soy sauce, different flavor components. These are probably closer to the Indonesian taste, than say Japanese soy sauces. I find them sweeter and not as salty. Just as an aside, are you finding it difficult to find this sauce? Or do you just want to try making your own?  <sep>  Q: What other sauces have an Indonesian flavor? A: You might want to try a Thai or Filipino style soy sauce  Q: Are those sauces available in the store? A: are you finding it difficult to find this sauce  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Yes I am? Where can I buy it?
Output: No
CONTEXT: There are two safe ways to defrost, one more rapid than the other.First method is to defrost in the refrigerator. This keeps temperature below 40 degrees F, in the safe zone. This will, also, take a while.Second method is to defrost in the sink under cold running water. The water doesn't have to run rapidly, but it should change regularly. This will defrost the fish more rapidly than in the air (water is a better conductor of heat than air) and will keep the fish in the danger zone for the shortest period of time. If you are not going to cook it immediately, then return to the refrigerator.If you are deep frying, there are some techniques that will allow you to go direct from frozen to fried, but that is generally done in a professional kitchen where they have powerful fryers that can take the temperature hit and come back strong.  <sep>  Q: How do you properly defrost frozen fish? A: First method is to defrost in the refrigerator  Q: Seems like that would take a long time. How long should I leave them in the refrigerator? A: This will, also, take a while  Q: What about room temperature? Is that an acceptable way of defrosting? A: 40 degrees F, in the safe zone  Q: The pieces are quite large. What is the rapid way of defrosting? A: in the sink under cold running water  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Should I wash the sink first, or can I leave them in the bag?
Output: No
CONTEXT: The frying pain is still safe to use (unless the ceramic chipped or cracked badly as well). A bit of vinegar (white) and a soft scrubber may get the rest of those burnt bits out as well. Either way, though, as long as the ceramic is intact, you can still use the frying pan safely.  <sep>  Q: Is burnt ceramic frying pan safe to use? A: The frying pain is still safe to use (unless the ceramic chipped or cracked badly as well  Q: What is the best way to clean it? A: A bit of vinegar (white) and a soft scrubber may get the rest of those burnt bits out as well  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: What is the best way to keep it from getting burned in the first place?
Output: No
CONTEXT: Lime juice isn't going to make it less spicy, if anything I've found it accentuates the spiciness a bit although I'm not sure of the mechanism. It could be that the acidity frees up more capsaicin compounds (what makes hot food hot), or wakes up your taste buds more. Most likely you have simply added a weak jalapeno. Peppers of the same variety can vary in heat strength quite a bit depending on the where and how it was grown, although you'll get weak and strong peppers from the same plant. You can make up for the lack of spice by adding more jalapeno or a bit of hot chili powder.  <sep>  Q: Does lime juice make jalapeÃ±os less spicy? A: Lime juice isn't going to make it less spicy, if anything I've found it accentuates the spiciness  Q: Why would my guacamole be less spicy after I add lime juice, then? A: Most likely you have simply added a weak jalapeno  Q: Is there a way to ensure the guacamole is spicy without adding too many jalapenos? A: You can make up for the lack of spice by adding more jalapeno or a bit of hot chili powder  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Is there a way to make the jalapenos less difficult to mash?
Output: No
CONTEXT: Baking turns bicarbonate of soda into a weak form of lye - sodium carbonate, as you said. It basically makes it a stronger alkali. The actual baking process is safe, but the resulting lye is an irritant and you should avoid getting in on your skin, and definitely avoid it getting it in your eyes.The difference in texture and colour is noticeable after baking. The texture will be finer, and it will be whiter.  <sep>  Q: Why should I bake baking soda for making ramen noodles? A: The texture will be finer, and it will be whiter  Q: If I bake baking soda, whould I be creating hydrogen gas or presumably harmless water vapor and carbon dioxide? A: Baking turns bicarbonate of soda into a weak form of lye - sodium carbonate, as you said. It basically makes it a stronger alkali  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: How do I know when it's "done" baking?
Output: No
CONTEXT: So, just answering the new part of the question:You can simply season "over the top" of the existing seasoning. To do this, you'd go through the normal seasoning process, wiping the pan with oil, heating in a 500F oven, wiping again, heating again. This will fill in the "holes" in your seasoning and you'll be able to use the pan again.However, you will also end up with somewhat rough, uneven seasoning on the bottom. This will make things more likely to stick than if you completely reseasoned the pan. You can improve this by scrubbing the bottom of the pan with a mixture of course salt and oil. This will "sand down" the seasoning without completely removing it.You should also ask yourself if maybe the original seasoning of the pan wasn't faulty, given that some of it already scrubbed off.  <sep>  Q: Is there a way to re-season a cast iron pan if I scrubbed it all off? A: You can simply season "over the top" of the existing seasoning  Q: how would I do that? A: To do this, you'd go through the normal seasoning process, wiping the pan with oil, heating in a 500F oven, wiping again, heating again  Q: Do I do anything after the heating process? A: sand down" the seasoning without completely removing it  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: What is "sand down"###?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: As long as they aren't spoiled they'll be fine for a crumble/crisp/cobbler. You'll want to have someone else taste them to make sure first. They may need less sugar and less or no precooking. If they are really, really mushy then you might want to add some firmer plums or other fruit to give some texture.  <sep>  Q: Are mushy plums OK to use in cooking? A: As long as they aren't spoiled they'll be fine  Q: Would they be okay to use in a cobbler type recipe? A: they'll be fine for a crumble/crisp/cobbler  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: How do I know whether they are spoiled or not?
Output: No
CONTEXT: Tender means soft and not brown. Sour cream will curdle if the fat content is not high enough (if it is high, it is called creme fraiche, techniquelly) and if you cook it down too much on too hot heat. Next time, use higher fat content and cook on lower heat. Cream, sour cream and creme freche are not really substitutions, not techniquelly and not taste-wise.Mixing butter and sour cream will work, if you take your time and boil down with hardly any or no bubbles.  <sep>  Q: My sauce made from butter and cream is flaking and curdling, do you know what could be wrong? A: Sour cream will curdle if the fat content is not high enough  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Can it curdle if the heat is too high?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: Short answer: No.Long answer: this could probably be made to work, but only for a short time. At some point, and probably within a few uses, the rapid heat cycling from the fire would cause the pizza stone to crack.Pizza stones are made from corderite or clay, sometimes with grog. This offers a smoother surface than firebrick, but that smooth surface is because of a higher amount of vitrification and less airspace in the ceramic. This means they are less resistant to cracking due thermal shock, and the fact that your pizza stone is 1/4 a thick as firebrick makes that worse.In contrast, firebrick is a standard 2.5" thick, and made from higher-temperature materials with more airspace in the clay itself. These properties give it both higher thermal insulation, and higher thermal mass (so that it cools down slower). Both of these properties help it resist cracking.  <sep>  Q: What suggestion would you give for building a pizza?
Output: No
CONTEXT: I believe that I have made some of those conflicting comments.It is definitely possible to make an excellent pan gravy with the drippings from a brined turkey.It is also really easy to have the gravy turn out inedibly salty if you aren't careful.Make sure you follow the brining recipe. Don't have too high a concentration of salt and don't brine for too long. Rinse off the bird, inside and out, before roasting.I have also read, from reliable sources such as Harold McGee, that gravy is impossible. My own experience would suggest otherwise.  <sep>  Q: Can you make pan gravy if the turkey was brined? A: It is definitely possible to make an excellent pan gravy with the drippings from a brined turkey  Q: Are there any drawbacks to using this method? A: It is also really easy to have the gravy turn out inedibly salty if you aren't careful  Q: What steps do I need to take to make sure this does not happen? A: Make sure you follow the brining recipe. Don't have too high a concentration of salt and don't brine for too long. Rinse off the bird, inside and out, before roasting  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Would the gravy made by this method be sub par compared to gravy made other ways?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: Macadamia is as close as you will find for the texture and oil content. As you are using it for spice pastes -the only use I have had for them- then macs are an excellent carrier. That slightly bitter and sometimes soapy aftertaste, I have yet to find a substitute for. What's a Laksa without that flavor component?  <sep>  Q: Substituting for Candlenuts in Indonesian Food, any advise? A: Macadamia is as close as you will find for the texture and oil content  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Should the substitute nuts be fresh or frozen ?
Output: No
CONTEXT: I use 1 rounded teaspoon for 12 to 16 ounces (depends on the mug I'm using), so about 8 teaspoons (or about 2 1/2 tbsp) for a gallon of water. Hot water, just under boiling, is best. Ideally, the water is heated and poured onto the tea at just under boiling. Because I don't think you want to boil a gallon of water, I'd use the amount of hibiscus for a gallon of tea, but only use about a quart of hot water to start, let the tea steep in that (at least 5 minutes, longer will give a stronger flavor) then add the remaining 3 quarts of water.  <sep>  Q: Do you know how to Brew Hibiscus tea? A: I use 1 rounded teaspoon for 12 to 16 ounces (depends on the mug I'm using), so about 8 teaspoons (or about 2 1/2 tbsp) for a gallon of water. Hot water, just under boiling, is best  Q: Does that make a strong brew? A: Ideally, the water is heated and poured onto the tea at just under boiling  Q: Will that make a good batch of Kombucha? A: Because I don't think you want to boil a gallon of water, I'd use the amount of hibiscus for a gallon of tea  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: I know what to do for the Kombucha but I've never brewed Hibiscus flower for tea...will your advice work?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: I assume you're making normal maki (nori side out) and not California rolls.Are you leaving a 1/2 inch or so of blank nori (no rice) on the outside edge (the edge that you roll last)? If you slightly wet the bare edge of the nori with a little water on your finger it should help it stick together.  <sep>  Q: How do I fix Sushi rolls opening up? A: I assume you're making normal maki (nori side out) and not California rolls  Q: Oh yea, Can you suggest how i can make them? A: Are you leaving a 1/2 inch or so of blank nori (no rice) on the outside edge (the edge that you roll last  Q: What can I do to complete the process? A: If you slightly wet the bare edge of the nori with a little water on your finger it should help it stick together  Q: Will this stop it from opening up when taking them with chopsticks? A: it should help it stick together  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: What was the reason why the rice is sticky and the rolls opening up?
Output: No
CONTEXT: An oven is the way to go.Toasting on a frying pan is a pain because you have to stand there shaking it for so long and it is far to easy to scorch if you pause.I have seen some recipes call for low oven temps but I use 350F (175C) for 10 to 15 minutes stirring a few times. Some sources online recommend as low as 5 minutes but I personally have not ever had them done that quickly. They still have to be checked or they will burn.I like to use my toaster oven because it heats up faster and is cheaper to run.I have used an air popcorn popper with good results. Don't overfill it and remove them when they smell nutty. It goes very fast but you have to do them in batches if you have many.For a pie or other sweet applications, I like to toss the nuts in butter and brown sugar and let them candy in the oven. The fat makes it harder to burn them. Obviously this won't fit for all recipes.I personally have not had good results using the microwave. Some people swear by it but it seems to me to make them a little gummy.  <sep>  Q: What is the best way to toast pecans? A: An oven is the way to go  Q: How hot should the oven be? A: I have seen some recipes call for low oven temps but I use 350F  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Do you have to toss them in oil?
Output: No
CONTEXT: The "solid vegetable oil" you're describing sounds like Crisco (shortening), which you can find in any US grocery. You could also try refined coconut or palm kernel oil, both of which are solid at room temperature.Another possibility to note is that the butter may be fine, but maybe the chickpea flour you're obtaining in the US is different.  <sep>  Q: What's the best replacement for "solid vegetable oil" in pastry recipes? A: u ca  Q: Can you help me find a replacement for the solid vegetable oil in a Persion recipe? A: The "solid vegetable oil" you're describing sounds like Crisco (shortening), which you can find in any US grocery  Q: Would coconut oil change the flavor of what I am making? A: f which  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Hoe is Crisco shortening different than Lard?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: I wouldn't say 'hazardous', but there's additional risk.You basically need to take the fully cooked bird, and cool it down quickly so it doesn't spend too long in the 'danger zone'. And the same for the stuffing.Then you have to reheat them back up to a safe temperature ... the stuffing you can add extra liquid to, and make sure it gets up to the necessary temperature, but the turkey itelf is going to be difficult to reheat without drying out (maybe if it were brined it'd be better, but still less than ideal).I'd say in all, you'd save some time the day of, but the total time spent is going to be much longer, there's an increased risk of food-related illness, and there's an overall lower quality.If the main interest is in reducing cooking time, I'd start with not stuffing the bird. I'd also make sure that it's well thawed in advance (too many people leave it for the night before). If you really wanted to reduce time, you might be able to butterfly the bird, but it'd then be too wide for most ovens. (maybe do it on two trays?)  <sep>  Q: Is it safe to fully cook a stuffed turkey the night before thanksgiving? A: I wouldn't say 'hazardous', but there's additional risk  Q: Hello?###What are the additional risks? A: You basically need to take the fully cooked bird, and cool it down quickly so it doesn't spend too long in the 'danger zone  Q: If I empty the cavity of stuffing after I cook it thoroughly, and reheat the turkey and stuffing separately the next day, will its consumption be hazardous? A: there's an increased risk of food-related illness, and there's an overall lower quality  Q: Any other suggestions or recommendations? A: If the main interest is in reducing cooking time, I'd start with not stuffing the bird  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Would it work with stuffing the bird if I still cool it down quickly?
Output: No
CONTEXT: Most chicken (or turkey) stock recipes are meant to be fairly neutral in flavor so they can be used in almost any dish. In many culinary traditions, especially those of European tradition, black pepper is appropriate in almost any savory dish.Cloves are an extremely strong and aggressive flavor, which is not traditional in these cuisines.While you could certainly use it in your stock, it would give that warm clove aroma, and you would then want to use the stock only in dishes where that is appropriate.Instead, I would stick to neutral flavors, and if you want clove flavoring, do it when preparing the final dish, not he fundamental stock. You can simmer enough stock for the whatever dish you are making with a few cloves while you are doing your prep on the dish to infuse it, if needed.  <sep>  Q: Can I Use cloves in stocks/broths? A: While you could certainly use it in your stock, it would give that warm clove aroma, and you would then want to use the stock only in dishes where that is appropriate  Q: Do you think cloves would go good in a turkey stock? A: Most chicken (or turkey) stock recipes are meant to be fairly neutral in flavor  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Do you think cloves could replace peppercorns in stock recipes?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: When metal is exposed to microwave radiation, an electric potential difference can develop as the microwaves generate electric charge in parts of the metal. Flowing electricity can cause sparks as electrons migrate to places of lower potential. Solid metal is susceptible to this because its electrons are relatively loose, making it a good conductor of electricity.Calcium (Ca) in milk is bonded with other atoms (mostly as calcium phosphate), so it doesn't behave as a solid metal would: first because its electrons are secured in bonds with other atoms, and second, because the Ca atoms are not aggregated together but intermixed with nonconducting ones.  <sep>  Q: How come heating milk in the microwave is safe?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: The meaty taste is Umami. It is the flavour of monosodium glutamate, in the same way that salty is the flavour of salt.Both mushrooms and tomatoes of the right variety are quite rich in it, as is yeast extract. You can also just buy the stuff commercially.Don't worry about the stigma attached to it, it's not actually toxic or anything.  <sep>  Q: What are the ingredients that make vegan meat taste like real meat?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: There's no right or wrong answer as there are advantages to both and it's about what you want out of a burger. The advantage of the minimal disturbance method is that the strands of the meat give the burger structural strength. It also gives a pure beef flavor as you aren't adding anything to it. The mix up method breaks up the strands of meat which come out of the grinder which makes patties more fragile, however flavorings are distributed evenly. Some people add binding agents like egg and breadcrumbs to hold it together when using the mix up method in which case it becomes more of a flat meatball than a burger. My personal preference is the minimal disturbance method as it is fast, the patties hold together, and I like the flavor of pure beef. After forming the patties I salt them on both sides. After the final flip I grind fresh pepper on the cooked side - pepper gets bitter when burned. If I did want to add flavorings I would grind my own meat for the burgers and add the flavorings then.  <sep>  Q: How should burger patties be prepared in terms of flavourings? A: My personal preference is the minimal disturbance method as it is fast, the patties hold together, and I like the flavor of pure beef. After forming the patties I salt them on both sides  Q: So should I form the patty to a bare minimum so the strands of ground beef are still visible? A: The advantage of the minimal disturbance method is that the strands of the meat give the burger structural strength. It also gives a pure beef flavor as you aren't adding anything to it  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Is it better to do it this way than to mush up the mince to turn make it completely consistent?
Output: Yes