niryuu/sni-each-converted huggingface dataset:
CONTEXT: Chocolate is an odd substance when it comes to melting and hardening. When chocolate hardens, its melting point will end up being just a few degrees higher than the hardening temperature.When chocolate crystallizes at high temperatures, it forms a strong, dense crystalline structure that, texture-wise, is quite brittle. Most bought chocolate (baker's chocolate and chips) is already tempered, but when you melt it, you break down that crystalline structure, and if you harden it at room temperature then it ends up forming very weak crystals that will melt in your hand.If you use a special coating chocolate (couverture or the lower-quality compound chocolate) then you don't need to worry so much about tempering (although it's still a good idea), but if you use ordinary chocolate and don't temper it then your coating will end up being messy and wet and rub off on your hands while you eat it. It might even melt while stored.Tempering is the key to making a room-temperature-stable chocolate coating. If you don't do this, you'll need to keep your pastries refrigerated until they're ready to consume.  <sep>  Q: What is the purpose of tempering chocolate?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: There's no reason why you couldn't boil vegetables as you make the stock and then puree them in as a base. It's really about taste and the result you want. Making the stock without vegetables in it will give you a clear broth with a simple pork flavor and the vegetables will be distinct in it. If you add vegetables while cooking the stock and then puree them in your base will be much more vegetable-y, and opaque - the color will be determined by the vegetables added. The pork taste will be a bit more hidden by vegetable flavors. Spices and herbs are 2 separate matters. In general you can overcook herbs very easily but it's hard to overcook spices (although some spices can change during long cooking times). Adding bay (laurel) is one of the exceptions herb-wise. Spice-wise adding at the beginning will make the spice permeate the meat, careful not to overdo it though.Like I said it's all about the look and taste you want.  <sep>  Q: Should I add vegetables and spices in the stock-making stage of pig-knuckle soup? A: There's no reason why you couldn't boil vegetables as you make the stock and then puree them in as a base. It's really about taste and the result you want  Q: Do you think fresh vegetables would be better for soup? A: the vegetables will be distinct in it. If you add vegetables while cooking the stock and then puree them in your base will be much more vegetable-y  Q: Will the puree make the base thicker? A: opaque - the color will be determined by the vegetables added  Q: Do you think this way will add flavor? A: The pork taste will be a bit more hidden by vegetable flavors  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Do you think root vegetables would be good for pureeing?
Output: No
CONTEXT: There's always the delight of botulism, which thrives in the anaerobic environment provided by vacuum packing. Listeria and vibrio bacteria can grow in an anaerobic environment, and are potential food safety risks present in fish. With this in mind, I would not expect vacuum packing to extend the life of a fish much. It will reduce freezer burn though!  <sep>  Q: Do you think it makes a difference what type of fish it is? A: Listeria and vibrio bacteria can grow in an anaerobic environment, and are potential food safety risks present in fish  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Is the vacuum seal an anaerobic environment?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: Are you absolutely certain that the "grittiness" is caused by the cheese not melting, and not because the sauce is curdling? If you cook it too long or too fast, that is what will happen.If you must use the Kraft stuff (personally, I think it has no flavour compared to real Reggiano), try melting the cheese on low heat in a very small amount of cream first, before you add it to the main sauce pan. If it's still gritty, either it's curdling or you need to use a better cheese.  <sep>  Q: How can I make cheap, smooth homemade Alfredo sauce? A: try melting the cheese on low heat in a very small amount of cream  Q: What kind of cheese or cream do you use? A: Reggiano  Q: Can you tell me more about the Reggiano or what to do? A: try melting the cheese on low heat in a very small amount of cream first, before you add it to the main sauce pan  Q: Ok then what do I do? A: If you cook it too long or too fast  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Can Parmesan be used?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: You can let it ripe at room temperature.If you want to slow down the ripening process, put it in the fridge, although this will affect the mango negatively. If you want to speed up the process, put it in a bag with a banana.When the mango is ready to eat, it will be slightly soft if you press it and you can smell the mango flesh through the peel. The green colour will not totally disappear.  <sep>  Q: How do I ripen a Mango? A: If you want to speed up the process, put it in a bag with a banana  Q: Should I refrigerate it during ripening? A: If you want to slow down the ripening process  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: How do I reliably tell when it's ready?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: I think this depends on the type of Gorgonzola. A Gorgonzola DolcÃ© has a milder, sweeter, less-blue flavor, so it should probably be served with a milder steak, like a Filet Mignon. A stronger, more traditional Gorgonzola should probably be served with a stronger flavored steak like a Skirt Steak or a Ribeye. If you flip the combinations around, one of the flavors is going to be lost.I'm not familiar enough with Venison or other game to comment on their compatibility with Gorgonzola.  <sep>  Q: Best cut of meat to pair with Gorgonzola? A: I think this depends on the type of Gorgonzola  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: I enjoy beef with it .. would you recommend that?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: The primary reason is definitely convenience. If you don't want skin and seeds in your sauce, then you have to do some work to avoid it. Yes, it's possible, e.g. passing through a food mill, or blanching and peeling plus retaining only the flesh, but having it already done is a whole lot easier.Passata is usually much thicker too, so it won't need as long a cooking time to reduce into a non-watery sauce as fresh tomatoes. On top of that, you don't have to worry about whether you can find good fresh tomatoes, e.g. if it's winter and they're out of season.Your two cases for comparison seem to overlook this: if you just chop and cook, you'll have skin and seeds in your sauce, as well as excess liquid to cook down, while if you use passata, you won't. (Also, for what it's worth, you'd need pretty giant tomatoes to get the equivalent of 3/4 cup of passata out of one tomato.)Of course, if you don't mind skin and seeds, it's also perfectly fine to simply cook fresh tomatoes and be done with it.Note that you can often get similar advantages from other canned tomato products. In the US, crushed tomatoes are far more common, and a roughly similar texture. (Peeled whole tomatoes, diced tomatoes, tomato sauce, and tomato paste can also be useful depending on what texture you're aiming for.)  <sep>  Q: Why specifically use Passata, rather than tomatoes, in Ragu? A: The primary reason is definitely convenience. If you don't want skin and seeds in your sauce, then you have to do some work to avoid it  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Are there any other reasons to use passata?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: I'm sorry to say this, but I think prevention is the best answer. Once you're vegetables freeze things happen at the cellular level that changes the nature of the vegetables. For example, ice crystals pierce cell walls which destroys some of the structure, which is responsible for the crispness and crunch of the vegetable. I don't think there is really a way to "fix" this, once it happens.That said, cooking does something similar to vegetables. Cooking destroys cell walls, which is why cooked carrots are so much softer than raw carrots. I would think that vegetables that stand up to cooking would survive freezing the best (such as your mushrooms). On the other hand, somthing like lettuce is a lost cause, once frozen.  <sep>  Q: How do i recover vegetables that get "refrigerator crisper chill"? A: I don't think there is really a way to "fix" this, once it happens  Q: Can I use them for things like stew? A: I would think that vegetables that stand up to cooking would survive freezing the best  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Are some vegetables able to recover from crisper chill?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: Nutrition itself is off-topic. However, keep in mind the following:There are many compounds in tea leaves and some dissolve early, and some a little later. At some point (around 5-10 minutes of steeping at ~95Â°C), you will lose majority of the 'good stuff' and continue picking up less desirable compounds. You will notice that while colour might persist, the taste will be come less and less desirable. In some cultures re-using tea leaves is considered a faux-pas because of this.If you find your tea to be too strong after steeping, the best thing is to reduce the amount of leaves for the next time; as opposed to steeping them multiple times.  <sep>  Q: Steeping green tea leaves - how many times can I steep them, and do they lose flavanoids over steeps? A: At some point (around 5-10 minutes of steeping at ~95Â°C), you will lose majority of the 'good stuff' and continue picking up less desirable compounds  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: How many times can I use the same tea leaves?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: Bleach is your best bet. Scrub it with a long-handled scrub brush and either liquid bleach or Ajax and water. Let it soak a bit before rinsing it out. Since it's stainless steel, the bleach won't do it any harm and will kill off any organics growing on it.In my experience, the pink stuff is a mold, not flouride.  <sep>  Q: Any suggestions on how to clean my dish rack? A: Scrub it with a long-handled scrub brush and either liquid bleach or Ajax and water  Q: Will the Ajax scratch the stainless steel? A: Since it's stainless steel, the bleach won't do it any harm  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: What is the pink stuff the builds up on it?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: Anything can spoil eventually, refrigerated or not. Keeping something under a lid and refrigerated restricts the number of airborne colonizers that might get access to it, and the cold temperature means that even if they get there, they will grow much slower than at room temperature.For something to spoil, it needs to be colonized by bacteria or fungus spores, and it needs to contain some nourishment to support their growth, not too much chemicals that prevent their growth, and not too much competing life forms already present. So, things with a high concentration of salt or sugar tend to be unhospitable to bacteria and fungi growth, because they are hygroscopic (they draw the water out of cells). Extreme high or low pH (eg acidic) also retards growth. Think of things like ketchup, mustard, jelly with labels that say "refrigerate after opening" but most people ignore them. Alcohol is unfriendly if the concentration is too high, and of course natural fermented foods are already occupied by human-friendly bacteria.Ketchup is sealed in a bottle, usually with no fingers or utensils inserted into it, so it stays pretty sterile. It is also protected by being hygroscopic (due to high concentration of sugar and salt) and its acidity. Ketchup as a word and concept is descended from an Indonesian fish sauce, and has been around much longer than refrigeration. I think you can leave it out with no worries unless you see obvious mold growth.  <sep>  Q: Does ketchup belong in the fridge, or the cupboard? A: Ketchup is sealed in a bottle, usually with no fingers or utensils inserted into it, so it stays pretty sterile  Q: I tend to think that ketchup should live in the fridge, once opened, shouldn't that protect it from contamination in the air? A: It is also protected by being hygroscopic (due to high concentration of sugar and salt) and its acidity  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Do you think storing in cupboard vs. fridge changes the flavour?
Output: No
CONTEXT: Yes, nuts are very fatty, and they will eventually go rancidâ if this is the case, they will taste very poor. They can also dry out, or in more rare cases (especially if stored improperly) be infested with insects or molds.Generally, they should be good for six months to a year at their best flavor, depending on the variety (in the shell).Five years is a little long. I am not sure I would want to eat nuts that old.  <sep>  Q: Do nuts ever go bad? A: nuts are very fatty, and they will eventually go rancid  Q: ok thanks A:   <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Do you put nuts in your food?
Output: No
CONTEXT: Flour is a thickening agent, plain and simple. However adding it without cooking it first can lead to your dish having a raw flour taste, and you can get blobs of flour in it, so I would ignore the recipes which say coat with flour without cooking it first, or use cornstarch (cornflour) instead. Alternatively you can make a roux with flour in a separate pan and add it in later. This is simply mixing equal weights of flour and butter and cooking it in a frying pan until it has the color you want. A lighter roux will add a paler color and a milder flavor, a darker roux adds a deeper color and richer flavor.  <sep>  Q: Why should I roll the meat in flour for a ragout? A: I would ignore the recipes which say coat with flour without cooking it first  Q: What would you recommend? A: use cornstarch (cornflour) instead  Q: Why would you say cornstarch instead of flour? A: Flour is a thickening agent, plain and simple. However adding it without cooking it first can lead to your dish having a raw flour taste, and you can get blobs of flour in it  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: How much cornstarch should I use?
Output: No
CONTEXT: First off, the ISO standard is not intended to produce a good cup of tea. It is designed to produce a consistent one for taste testing, so that no tea manufacturer can claim that his tea wasn't made "properly".It's title is "Tea -- Preparation of liquor for use in sensory tests"As for the actual tea making, yes, leaving the bag in longer will make a stronger cup of tea. The concentration of caffeine (along with flavour molecules and everything else) will slowly trend towards an equal concentration in the leaf and in the water. The longer you leave the tea bag/leaves in the water, the closer to equilibrium you will get.There are other factors that affect this, such as the temperature of the water, cut of the leaves, bag versus loose leaf and so on, but the trend is always towards equilibrium as time progresses.I'm not sure where the upper limit of this lies, but I think that once the cup is cold there's no point in it anyway. Thus, leaving the bag in for an hour is a bit much. I usually steep my tea for 3-6 minutes, depending on how strong I want it to be.  <sep>  Q: Does brewing tea for longer result in higher caffeine content? A: leaving the bag in longer will make a stronger cup of tea  Q: How much? A: I usually steep my tea for 3-6 minutes, depending on how strong I want it to be  Q: What about 1 hour or 1 day A: I'm not sure where the upper limit of this lies, but I think that once the cup is cold there's no point in it anyway. Thus, leaving the bag in for an hour is a bit much  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: does it result in higher caffeine content in the cup?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: I would keep the one that you are eating the next day out. I would then freeze the rest of them. If you like them warm, you could freeze them wrapped in foil. Before eating pop them in a toaster oven until gently warmed through. If not I'd freeze individually until solid then put in a bag to prevent your frozen bagels from sticking together, then thaw overnight (if eating in the morning) or in the morning (if eating for a mid-day meal) to eat.  <sep>  Q: what is the best way to store bagels? A: I would keep the one that you are eating the next day out. I would then freeze the rest of them  Q: they are the best while fresh and im not going to make them daily. how long do they stay good while frozen? A: If you like them warm, you could freeze them wrapped in foil. Before eating pop them in a toaster oven until gently warmed through  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: but any idea how long they will last in the freezer?
Output: No
CONTEXT: Personally I'd suggest blanching your pasta. By blanching:I mean get a big pan of heavily salted water on a rolling boil. Drop your pasta into the water, give it a stir.After 1 min or when the water has come back to boil drain the pasta off.At this point your pasta will still be el' dante but not raw which is what I suspect the directions are suggesting when they say "2 min less than instructed" then just use it at the mixing with sour cream step.If you were to just use the pasta freshly made it will likely not have the texture desired. Boiling it will help moisten it up and start to cook the flour.  <sep>  Q: how do I prep the noodles? A: Personally I'd suggest blanching your pasta  Q: how do I avoid over cooking the noodles? A: Drop your pasta into the water, give it a stir.After 1 min or when the water has come back to boil drain the pasta off.At this point your pasta will still be el' dante but not raw  Q: when do I drain the noodles? A: After 1 min or when the water has come back to boil drain the pasta off  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: what tip do you suggest for great noodles?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: No, bartenders do not shake carbonated beverages. I was a bartender for years and I have never known this to happen or be part of a recipe. The carbonated sodas are always put on the top of the glass after pouring. The foam comes from the sugar or egg whites in the sweet n sour mix. You can find that recipe on line. Here is one that is overly complicated, bars rarely (never to my knowledge) use fresh lemon or lime juice. However a good bar uses separate lemon & lime mix for different drinks, or they used to anyway. I personally use limeade or lemonade at home. You can use one of the other or mix them together. Throw that in a shaker & you will get some foam, it works in my blender.  <sep>  Q: Carbonated drinks in cocktail shakers, any ideas ? A: bartenders do not shake carbonated beverages  Q: So do you shake everything else and mix the carbonated beverage? A: The carbonated sodas are always put on the top of the glass after pouring  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Are newer shakers with seals better than the older varieties with just regular lids?
Output: No
CONTEXT: Judging from those Wikipedia articles:Clarified butter is rendered butter, which means that the solids are removed.Beurre noisette is browned butter, which contains the solids.Ghee is slightly-browned (it should have a golden color) butter that is rendered. So you melt the butter till it's golden. Then you remove the solids by pouring the top layer into a container. So you have a combination (if you like) of clarified and browned butter.  <sep>  Q: Is âgheeâ clarified butter or beurre noisette? A: Clarified butter is rendered butter, which means that the solids are removed.Beurre noisette is browned butter, which contains the solids  Q: Does Ghee contain solids? A: you melt the butter till it's golden. Then you remove the solids by pouring the top layer into a container. So you have a combination (if you like) of clarified and browned butter  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Does it matter whether the solids are in the butter when you are making a sauce that calls for ghee?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: In today's modern culture and cooking style, the difference is likely unobserved.I would consider a stew less constructed than a casserole, however.While the stew would start with generally uncooked ingredients (perhaps except for browning the meat, and likely be mixed together while cooking to give a single-dish of meat, vegetables and sauce.A casserole might include some cooked ingredients, often be more properly layered and probably not mixed while cooking.  <sep>  Q: Is there a difference between Stew and Casserole? A: In today's modern culture and cooking style, the difference is likely unobserved  Q: how would describe the casserole? A: A casserole might include some cooked ingredients, often be more properly layered and probably not mixed while cooking  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: are they baked the same?
Output: No
CONTEXT: There are two safe ways to defrost, one more rapid than the other.First method is to defrost in the refrigerator. This keeps temperature below 40 degrees F, in the safe zone. This will, also, take a while.Second method is to defrost in the sink under cold running water. The water doesn't have to run rapidly, but it should change regularly. This will defrost the fish more rapidly than in the air (water is a better conductor of heat than air) and will keep the fish in the danger zone for the shortest period of time. If you are not going to cook it immediately, then return to the refrigerator.If you are deep frying, there are some techniques that will allow you to go direct from frozen to fried, but that is generally done in a professional kitchen where they have powerful fryers that can take the temperature hit and come back strong.  <sep>  Q: How do you properly defrost frozen fish? A: in the refrigerator  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Can they just be left out on a work surface?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: Advantages of glass: you can see the product....the container does not pick up any flavor or color from the product...other than that, in this case (refrigerator pickle) there is no reason not to use your plastic. In fact, the only reason to use glass, that I can think of, is if you we going to can your pickles for extended shelf life. Then, of course, would would need Mason jars or equivalent. Fermenting, doesn't have much to do with this question either. I often store homemade sauerkraut and kimchee in plastic quart containers without issue.  <sep>  Q: Refrigerator pickles in plastic or glass? A: Advantages of glass: you can see the product....the container does not pick up any flavor or color from the product...other than that, in this case (refrigerator pickle) there is no reason  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Does this hold true for picked asparagus as well as traditional cucumber pickles?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: Deep dish modifications successful. I ended up cooking in my 10" cast iron skillet at 475 for 20 minutes directly on my preheated pizza stone.On top of this I followed @derobert's advice and sweat the ever loving crap out of my diced tomatoes. Was able to extract a full cup of liquid out of them AFTER draining for an hour.The crust came out golden brown from edge to edge and all along the bottom and the exposed upper rim. There was no pool of liquid pouring through during cutting either. Was great last night and was great today for lunch.  <sep>  Q: How do I ensure my deep dish crust gets cooked? A: I ended up cooking in my 10" cast iron skillet at 475 for 20 minutes directly on my preheated pizza stone  Q: What can I do to prevent having a soggy crust? A: On top of this I followed @derobert's advice and sweat the ever loving crap out of my diced tomatoes. Was able to extract a full cup of liquid out of them AFTER draining for an hour  Q: What is the best temperature to bake the dough in the oven? A: 475  Q: Is it better to bake the pizza with pan or baking stove? A: 20 minutes directly on my preheated pizza stone  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: What are the disadvantages of using cast iron for the baking
Output: No
CONTEXT: It's typically a problem with large pockets of air in the dough before you bake it.For the cinnamon swirl bread, try to make sure that you're not getting air trapped when rolling it. For other loaves, you want to make sure to punch it down well after the first rise, and make sure you aren't trapping air in it if you're doing a stretch and fold when shaping it.  <sep>  Q: What causes gaps/holes in homemade bread? A: large pockets of air in the dough before you bake it  Q: How can I avoid them? A: try to make sure that you're not getting air trapped when rolling it  Q: How about with like cinnamon bread, it always leaves a big hole? A: For the cinnamon swirl bread, try to make sure that you're not getting air trapped when rolling it  Q: What else should I know? A: For other loaves, you want to make sure to punch it down well after the first rise, and make sure you aren't trapping air in it if you're doing a stretch and fold when shaping it  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Should I knead the dough more?
Output: No
CONTEXT: I usually don't buy crumbled tofu, but since you have that, I would suggest making tofu burgers. Add another hearty ingredient, like lightly roasted finely chopped walnuts, or baked eggplant cubes. Combine with chopped onions, garlic, grated carrots, and breadcrumbs. Bind with beaten egg. Season with your choice of herbs or spices, such as thyme, oregano, basil. Form into patties, fry lightly in olive oil and sprinkle with tamari (or soy sauce) until both sides are browned. Bake until fully cooked in the oven at 375 degrees. Serve on a bun just like a beef patty.  <sep>  Q: What can I do with tofu? A: I would suggest making tofu burgers  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Can I use uncooked crumbled extra-firm tofu for those?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: What country are you in?Every country has some edible insects. Most are terrible. some are toxic, or have toxic parts that must be removed first. This knowledge is hard won, and not readily available. Traditional local people are your best source of information (though the Coke and McD's culture has killed that in most parts of the world)In New Zealand they have the Huhu grub, and in Australia the Witchetty grub. Both of which are edible raw or cooked (roasted on hot coals for a few minutes). They have slightly nutty flavoursThese are both soft wood eating larvae around 5 to 10 cm in length, quite plump and juicy. Such insects can be found around the world. But not all are edible  <sep>  Q: Can we cook insects for eating? A: Every country has some edible insects. Most are terrible. some are toxic, or have toxic parts that must be removed first  Q: So, what types of insects can I cook? A: In New Zealand they have the Huhu grub, and in Australia the Witchetty grub. Both of which are edible raw or cooked  Q: Do you know what ingredients can be used to cook insects? A: roasted on hot coals for a few minutes  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Are these good protein sources?
Output: No
CONTEXT: Bleach is your best bet. Scrub it with a long-handled scrub brush and either liquid bleach or Ajax and water. Let it soak a bit before rinsing it out. Since it's stainless steel, the bleach won't do it any harm and will kill off any organics growing on it.In my experience, the pink stuff is a mold, not flouride.  <sep>  Q: What is a thorough way to clean my dish rack? A: Scrub it with a long-handled scrub brush and either liquid bleach or Ajax and water  Q: We've had it for about 6 months now and I'm noticing pink mold...will it remove the mold? A: will kill off any organics growing on it  Q: What might be causing the pink mold? A: In my experience, the pink stuff is a mold  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Is the soft scrub safe on stainless steel...the sides of dishrack are stainless?
Output: No
CONTEXT: Can't comment on the nutritional side of things, but the main reason I can think of for not always including it is that it has a slightly different flavour. A much more intense lemon flavour is provided by the zest while the juice has the more tart elements (and of course water).If you're just interested in avoiding waste, you can freeze the zest.  <sep>  Q: Are there any reasons not to include the zest when citrus juice is an ingredient? A: Can't comment on the nutritional side of things, but the main reason I can think of for not always including it is that it has a slightly different flavour  Q: I can't help but find it wasteful to just squeeze the fruit, you? A: If you're just interested in avoiding waste, you can freeze the zest  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: What would I use it for/
Output: No
CONTEXT: Lay them out on a paper towel overnight so that the skins dry completely. This gives the benefit of keeping the frozen blueberries from sticking together without needing lots of freezer space to do a quick freeze individually on a sheet pan. Then bag in a freezer bag and freeze.Note that whenever you freeze fruit, the liquid will burst the cell walls as it thaws, causing the resulting berry to be mushier. In my experience, frozen blueberries aren't good for eating alone. To bake with blueberries, thaw them by placing them in a mesh sieve or collander and running water over them until the water is clear off the bottom (no pigmentation from the skins, which may color your baked goods) and the berries are thawed. Dry the skins before using in baking.Using these techniques I have not once had any of the 30 pounds of blueberries I froze this summer burst in the freezer and have successfully made many blueberry baked goods from the results.  <sep>  Q: what's a good technique for freezing blueberries? A: Lay them out on a paper towel overnight so that the skins dry completely  Q: Could I put them in the oven at 150 for an hour A: To bake with blueberries, thaw them by placing them in a mesh sieve or collander and running water over them until the water is clear off the bottom  Q: Which way would result in less exploded berries when the water in them freezes? A: Note that whenever you freeze fruit, the liquid will burst the cell walls as it thaws, causing the resulting berry to be mushier  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Can I use a food dehydrator before freezing them?
Output: No
CONTEXT: Generally speaking, frying gives a better crust due to the higher direct heat producing more Maillard flavours. A good, heavy, screaming hot pan is required. Oil the steak, not the pan, with vegetable or groundnut oil (olive oil will burn), and baste with butter towards the end for extra flavour.If your steak is thick, you might try a reverse sear - roast the steak at about 150Â°C until the centre is 10Â°C off your desired doneness level (if you don't have a digital probe thermometer, invest the small amount they cost, it is completely worth it), then sear the outside on your mega hot pan. This avoids you having to overdo the outside just to get the inside right.  <sep>  Q: Is it better to fry or grill a steak? A: frying  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: What are the benefits of frying a steak?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: From a cooking perspective any imitation sauce or marinade is never going to deliver the quality that venison has to deliver. We have a massive deer farm close and the price is still ridiculous .My suggestion is that you find a good butcher that will age beef for you on the bone ,or you could age it yourself if you have a climate control area to keep it at the correct temperature. Anything over 30 days on the bone will start to give you the gaming flavour you are craving. Nothing is going to match deer, but aged beef or really any type of cattle (eg buffalo etc) will give you the gaminess if it is aged. Restaurants are getting up to 180 days, which I could only imagine would melt in your mouth but the flavour would be intense.  <sep>  Q: How can I reproduce a "gamey" flavor?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: Probably not. Cans are generally marked at point of filling, not at point of manufacturingThe plastic liner looks plastic'y in all cases, it's very hard to tell. Epoxy is harder than other plastics, but there are epoxies that are BPA free anywayAluminium cans are more likely have a epoxy liner that will give off a trace of BPAMany steel cans do not use epoxy or other BPA plasticsHaving said that the tested BPA release from a can is 100's of times lower than the recommended maximum daily dose. So in theory there is nothing to really worry aboutThe common sense answer is, if epoxy dissolved into the cans contents they wouldn't use it would they. The whole reason it's there is to stop the contents 'eating' the can  <sep>  Q: Is there a definitive way to know if a tin can is lined with BPA? A: Probably not. Cans are generally marked at point of filling, not at point of manufacturing  Q: Is there something obvious from the appearance of the inside of the can? A: The plastic liner looks plastic'y in all cases, it's very hard to tell. Epoxy is harder than other plastics, but there are epoxies that are BPA free anyway  Q: Are there any other indications? A: Having said that the tested BPA release from a can is 100's of times lower than the recommended maximum daily dose. So in theory there is nothing to really worry about  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: It has been linked to many health issues, is this in error?
Output: No
CONTEXT: Use part of the shell you just cracked to scoop it up; it will attract the broken bit.Also, if you frequently end up with bits of shell in your eggs, you should revise your cracking technique. Eggs should be cracked on a flat surface (countertop or plate) not a sharper surface like the edge of a bowl.  <sep>  Q: I was wondering how to remove bits of egg shell from a cracked egg? A: Use part of the shell you just cracked to scoop it up; it will attract the broken bit  Q: Is there anyway I could do to prevent these egg shells from getting in the egg in the first place? A: if you frequently end up with bits of shell in your eggs, you should revise your cracking technique  Q: Well how should I crack them then? A: Eggs should be cracked on a flat surface (countertop or plate) not a sharper surface like the edge of a bowl.  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Are there any tools I can use that would help me crack them?
Output: No
CONTEXT: Tender means soft and not brown. Sour cream will curdle if the fat content is not high enough (if it is high, it is called creme fraiche, techniquelly) and if you cook it down too much on too hot heat. Next time, use higher fat content and cook on lower heat. Cream, sour cream and creme freche are not really substitutions, not techniquelly and not taste-wise.Mixing butter and sour cream will work, if you take your time and boil down with hardly any or no bubbles.  <sep>  Q: My sauce made from butter and cream is flaking and curdling, do you know what could be wrong? A: Sour cream will curdle if the fat content is not high enough  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Oh I did use sour cream, I wonder if that was it. It happened after I threw in garlic and shallot, could that have been what caused it?
Output: No
CONTEXT: Every Kitchen needs a meat thermometer. Little too late in this case but it would have saved you here. I never used one at home until after I started working in a restaurant that only had a flat top and a convection oven with burgers on the menu. I got a relatively cheap one for $5-10 at Wal-mart and it does the job. Another option for next time is to check your meat often and poke it with a spoon, once it feels firm throughout, like the skin on the back of your hand when you make a fist, it's done.  <sep>  Q: How long is a pork fillet cooking time? A: Another option for next time is to check your meat often and poke it with a spoon, once it feels firm throughout, like the skin on the back of your hand when you make a fist, it's done  Q: Do you have any other suggestion? A: Every Kitchen needs a meat thermometer  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: What would the temperature requirement be?
Output: No
CONTEXT: There are several variables that need to be considered to properly and safely dry cure meat...temperature, humidity, ph level, for example. Just on the topic of moisture loss, however...you will not be able to tell simply by looking. People who do this for a living can tell by touching...most of us weigh our product before hanging. In general, when there is a 30% reduction in weight, the meat is properly cured (given that all of the other variables have been properly dealt with).Meat getting harder means it is drying, however it could be drying too fast. In this case the outside will dry before the inside has a chance to. If this is the case, the meat will not be pleasant to eat, but more importantly you could have a potential safety issue. Proper humidity and temperature will help control this....around 60 degrees F (15 C) and 60 - 70 percent humidity.As far as salt goes, be sure to use some sort of curing salt.I recommend reading up on the process. Many things can go wrong and you can make you and your guests sick very easily.  <sep>  Q: Why does meat get redder and harder during the curing process ? A: There are several variables that need to be considered to properly and safely dry cure meat...temperature, humidity, ph level, for example  Q: What is the most important safety factor in Meat Curing ? A: it could be drying too fast. In this case the outside will dry before the inside has a chance to  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: How can I stop it from drying too fast then ?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: For me it very much depends on what meat I am making jerky out of.With the grain is much more solid than against. Just as you might expect.If you are using relatively tender meat then cutting across the grain will result in a batch of jerky crumbs. Cutting with the grain will be good.If you are using very tough meat then cutting with the grain will be absolutely impossible to chew.I often make jerky out of brisket which is very tough. I compromise and cut at a 45deg angle. This results in very tough, jerky but it separates into smaller, more manageable chunks when it is chewed.  <sep>  Q: Should beef jerky be cut with or across the grain? A: Cutting with the grain will be good  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: What is the difference in the final product when cutting with vs across the grain?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: What to doA dough should be generally risen by size anyway, not by time. But it is also very forgiving, so it will probably still give you decent edible bread if you do it by time. The best way is to wait until it has doubled, no matter what the clock shows. But you insist on going by the clock, don't change the time, wait the 30 minutes. It may be underproofed (with such a short time given by the recipe, there is virtually no chance of overproofing it), but the same would have happened if you were using the original amounts and going by the clock. Dough proofing and timeThe rising time for dough at room temperature is not affected by recipe scaling, the time it takes a specific dough to double will be the same regardless of the size of your batch. If the temperature in your proofing container is significantly different from the dough temperature, you will see some effect on rising times with different batch sizes and dough shapes, as the center of the dough will need some time to get to the same temperature as the proofing container, and warmer dough rises quicker than cold dough. This is unlikely to have a measurable effect at dough amounts used by home bakers, especially considering that the possible proofing temperature window is rather narrow.  <sep>  Q: How does halving a bread recipe impact rising time? A: the time it takes a specific dough to double will be the same regardless of the size of your batch  Q: Would doubling or tripleing the recipe make it to heavy to rise as fast? A: If the temperature in your proofing container is significantly different from the dough temperature, you will see some effect on rising times with different batch sizes and dough shapes  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: So the temperature will effect the rising time?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: When you find cheap lemons, buy a lot. Squeeze half a lemon in each of the cavities of an ice tray. Freeze. Within a day, remove the frozen slivers from the tray to a ziploc bag in the freezer. You now have measured units of fresh lemon juice you may use for cooking and will keep for months. The frozen lemons are a bit less acid than fresh juice, but full of flavor. You can do the same with limes.  <sep>  Q: Are there any reasonable substitutions for lemon juice? A: You can do the same with limes  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: What if I do not have limes either?
Output: No
CONTEXT: Increasing the amount of yogurt and/or banana mash should work best, the former having a more noticeable difference. You might have to experiment to get the amount right, but I'd suggest starting with an additional 1/4 cup of yogurt or banana mash. You could try more date puree as well but that might make the muffins too thick.  <sep>  Q: How do you add moisture to gluten free, egg free muffins? A: Increasing the amount of yogurt and/or banana mash should work best  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: What about increasing the date puree?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: Sure it's safe, there's no risk in putting jam in baked goods. It says refrigerate after opening so it doesn't spoil after being left out too long - some people don't realize it needs to be refrigerated after opening because it is stored in the cupboard before opening. The important thing for food safety is to make sure that the pastries are eaten soon enough after baking. The cream cheese will go off sooner than the jam will, so don't let them sit around.  <sep>  Q: Can Jam be reheated? A: Sure it's safe, there's no risk in putting jam in baked goods  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Does it matter what kind of jam?
Output: No
CONTEXT: Garlic will spoil faster in the fridge actually. I don't know how long it will last in the fridge, but I understand that it lasts longer if you leave it in a cool, dark, dry storage. I believe one reason is that your fridge is generally too humid. In my experience, garlic kept in the fridge is also more likely to develop mould (goes soft, and dark discolouration).I keep mine in a ceramic thing in one of my cupboards. It lasts anywhere from a few weeks to a few months depending on the garlic (probably how long it sat before getting to my kitchen). If you store it like that, garlic that goes "bad" will usually start to sprout (green shoots, will come through the top.  <sep>  Q: Should I store garlic in the fridge or room temperature? A: Garlic will spoil faster in the fridge actually  Q: How long does it take to spoil in the fridge? A: I don't know how long it will last in the fridge, but I understand that it lasts longer if you leave it in a cool, dark, dry storage. I believe one reason is that your fridge is generally too humid  Q: Any other tips for garlic storage? A: I keep mine in a ceramic thing in one of my cupboards. It lasts anywhere from a few weeks to a few months  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: What are signs of spoiled garlic?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: As long as they aren't spoiled they'll be fine for a crumble/crisp/cobbler. You'll want to have someone else taste them to make sure first. They may need less sugar and less or no precooking. If they are really, really mushy then you might want to add some firmer plums or other fruit to give some texture.  <sep>  Q: Are mushy plums OK to use in cooking? A: As long as they aren't spoiled they'll be fine for a crumble/crisp/cobbler  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: How do you know if they are spoiled?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: By "Italian Sausage" I think you mean the seasoned pork sausage available in many supermarkets throughout the US. I've found that a 30-70 mix of beef and turkey/chicken works reasonably well as a substitute when pork is not available. Beef is too strong a flavor and turkey too weak in its own. Flavor-wise most italian sausage has red wine, fennel, and oregano.  <sep>  Q: What is a non-pork substitute for Italian sausage? A: By "Italian Sausage" I think you mean the seasoned pork sausage available in many supermarkets throughout the US  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: We don't have genuine pork Italian sausage in Israel so what else can I use?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: Breads get their structure from glutens--a type of protein formed by the combination of glutenin with gliaten. Kneading and resting the dough helps the formation of glutens--I assume by shifting glutenin and gliatin molecules around, this increases the odds of bindings occurring.Oils can bind to glutenin and gliatin and inhibit these reactions, so fats--oils and butter--definitely play a role in the texture control.It prevents the dough from getting too elastic, which controls texture. This elasticity change would also change the maximum air bubble size. Altering resting times and yeast quantity also change these, but trading off for a different flavor. Oil may play other roles, but these are what I recall reading about off the top of my head. Yes, it does contribute to flavor as well.  <sep>  Q: What is the purpose of oil or butter in Wheat and potato breads? A: Oils can bind to glutenin and gliatin and inhibit these reactions, so fats--oils and butter--definitely play a role in the texture control  Q: Do they effect anything else in the breads? A: It prevents the dough from getting too elastic, which controls texture  Q: Does it effect the flavor? A: it does contribute to flavor as well  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Is there a chemical reasoning behind how it works in bread?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: As Sobachatina said, it's cooked like many grains, and behaves very similar to rice. You could try continuing the steaming method, and if it does not get done by the time all the water has turned to steam, start it with a bit more water. Sobachatina's suggestion of a tight lid is also worth considering, but pay attention to the pot then, so you don't get it boiling over. An alternative is to use a boiling method. With or without toasting it first, add 3.5 parts of water to 1 part quinoa. Cook until soft, and put through a sieve to discard the superfluous water. The upside is that, unless you are using too high a temperature, there is no way to burn it.  <sep>  Q: How do I make fluffy(not crunchy) quinoa? A: You could try continuing the steaming method  Q: What should I add to the quinoa when cooking it? A: start it with a bit more water  Q: I used 2 cups...how much should I use? A: With or without toasting it first, add 3.5 parts of water to 1 part quinoa  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Should I toast the quinoa first?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: Mast O Khiar, as you mention mainly consist of plain yogurt and cucumbers and most recipe do not require much more than that. Because of such, the shelf life for the yogurt product will be the shelf life of the yogurt itself. If it is a store bought yogurt, then the shelf life should be about 2 weeks in the refrigerator.Make sure to store the sauce in an air-tight container. Most tubberware should work. Those soup containers from Chinese takeout orders work perfectly.EDIT: After a bit of a debate in cooking chat, I decided to change my answer a little. The reason I said 2 week is because personally I had eaten 2 week old Mast O Khiar. However it could be recipe dependant so it could be different for a different recipe. However it is very easy to tell whether yogurt OR cucumber is bad.Mast O Khiar should have a very fresh/clean aroma. When yogurt turn bad, it releases a rancid smell. If it smells bad, dont eat it.If you see fuzzy mold it's a good idea to throw it out.  <sep>  Q: What is the Shelf life of a yogurt product? A: If it is a store bought yogurt, then the shelf life should be about 2 weeks in the refrigerator  Q: Do you have any advice about storing cucumbers in yogurt? A: Make sure to store the sauce in an air-tight container  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: What is the minimum temperature it should be stored at?
Output: No
CONTEXT: I would strongly suggest not pouring cold or any other kind of water on pasta; it will rinse the delicious starches off its surface, which would otherwise help your sauce cling to it.To counteract the negative consequences of overcooking due to remaining heat (which, as belisarius suggests in his answer, is the reason other stuff is often rinsed with cold water), just serve it immediately. You want to have the sauce (hot and) ready just before your pasta is, so you can drain the pasta, mix with the sauce, and put it on the table.  <sep>  Q: Why pour cold water on pasta after cooking? A: I would strongly suggest not pouring cold or any other kind of water on pasta; it will rinse the delicious starches off its surface, which would otherwise help your sauce cling to it  Q: What do the professionals do? A: ou want to have the sauce (hot and) ready just before your pasta is, so you can drain the pasta, mix with the sauce, and put it on the table.  Q: what do they want to accomplish with doing it? A: To counteract the negative consequences of overcooking due to remaining heat (which, as belisarius suggests in his answer, is the reason other stuff is often rinsed with cold water  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Thank you. Any other thoughts?
Output: Yes