niryuu/sni-each-converted huggingface dataset:
CONTEXT: There are many kitchen utensils which will work. My favorite will be canning jars, filled with some water so they don't float, and sealed. Food safe, can withstand the temperature, easily cleaned. One may be enough, if you find the perfect size. If you don't have them and want to try it with something else first, look in your kitchen for metal or ceramic vessels which can stand upright and are several centimeters taller than the sauce level after displacement. This can be a thermos flask without the cap, or even a tall mug. Just put it there, again fill with some water, and fill the sauce around it. The biggest risk is that it topples over, and you end up with a somewhat watery sauce.  <sep>  Q: I am looking for ways to displace liquids while cooking any ideas? A: There are many kitchen utensils which will work. My favorite will be canning jars, filled with some water so they don't float, and sealed  Q: Will that affect the cooking time of a recipe? A: Just put it there, again fill with some water, and fill the sauce around it  Q: Will the sauce stick to the side of the jars and be wasted? A: The biggest risk is that it topples over, and you end up with a somewhat watery sauce  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Is there a way to make sure the water does not leak out if that happens?
Output: No
CONTEXT: There could be two factors involved. First, the freshness of the celery. Restaurants, especially those that serve large amounts, are going through a lot of product. This means that you are more likely to get really fresh celery.Next, storing in water is very likely an issue. I would suggest buying celery within a day or so of when you plan to use it. Wash and dry it thoroughly. Then trim and cut to your desired size. Then immediately place the celery in a plastic container or zipper bag and place in the refigerator until serving.Each time you take it out for serving, remove the amount you plan to use and return the rest to the refrigerator. The 'leftover' celery should remain fresh and crisp for several days.  <sep>  Q: Why does raw celery from a restaurant taste different than raw celery at home? A: First, the freshness of the celery. Restaurants, especially those that serve large amounts, are going through a lot of product. This means that you are more likely to get really fresh celery  Q: I store my celery in water, shouldn't that keep it fresh? A: Wash and dry it thoroughly. Then trim and cut to your desired size. Then immediately place the celery in a plastic container or zipper bag and place in the refigerator until serving  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: I always thought I did it the best way, are there any other possible reasons restaurant celery tastes better?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: There are a couple of things you can do to prevent sugar crystallising. You can add some glucose syrup, or you can 'invert' the sugar by adding some acid, namely cream of tartar. Both should be readily available, online if not at your supermarket. Cream of tartar is also useful when making meringue.  <sep>  Q: How can I prevent simple syrup from crystallizing? A: There are a couple of things you can do to prevent sugar crystallising. You can add some glucose syrup  Q: Is there something I can add that is a common pantry item? A: you can 'invert' the sugar by adding some acid  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: How long will simple syrup keep in the refrigerator?
Output: No
CONTEXT: I would use any uncolored brandy made from distilled fruit. Himbeergeist, sliwowitz, or what you can lay your hands on. Kirsch doesn't taste much like cherries, and I suspect that it functions more as a solvent for some of the aroma in the spices than for adding its own taste. Even though it does contribute a bit, the taste will be subtle, and other slight fruity notes from a different fruit brandy will blend with the heavy spices just as well. In a pinch, you could use a colored brandy too, like Chantre. But it will add more of its own flavor, and while it can make a good combination, it will be further from the original than a random obstwasser. I would avoid any liqueurs, they will add way too much foreign taste, and also won't have enough alcohol to solve the spices in the same way.  <sep>  Q: Are there substitute for Kirsch in Leckerli (Basel Lackerli) cookies? A: In a pinch, you could use a colored brandy too, like Chantre  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Would that change the consistency of the cookie dough?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: Caffeine is bitter, tea isn't too bitter because as you mentioned it's only got 40mg of caffeine. If you then triple the amount in there it's going to taste that way. Try adding 3 tea bags to your cup and I'm certain it'll taste just as bitter.Energy drinks have copious amounts of sweeteners added hence why they don't taste like caffeine. If you are hell bent on more caffeine without the associated bitterness but not adding sugar maybe a sweetener like stevia would be the way forward...  <sep>  Q: Why does caffeine taste bitter when added to tea? A: Caffeine is bitter  Q: Why doesn't caffeine that is already in the tea or in an energy drink taste bitter? A: Energy drinks have copious amounts of sweeteners added hence why they don't taste like caffeine  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: How should caffeine be added to drinkable fluids so it has no taste?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: If a lid doesn't have a vent and the pot does not have any sort of locking mechanism like a pressure cooker, then the pressure of the steam inside will lift the lid off the pot and steam will escape. That was the "dancing" of the lid that you experienced. Venting holes in a lid just let some steam escape so the lid doesn't bang around, having a vent hole or not wouldn't make your idli's sticky.  <sep>  Q: When lids have a space that you can open slightly on top is that for steaming? A: If a lid doesn't have a vent and the pot does not have any sort of locking mechanism like a pressure cooker  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Do they need to have both, a cover vent and locking mechanism, for it to be done properly?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: During blending, air is put into the milk mixture. Once you switch it off, not all air is kept inside the milk but makes it's way to the surface. These are the bubbles that make you think your milk is fizzy.Without being a chemist I assume full fat milk has more fat, therefore the emulsion is somewhat "thicker" and thus can hold the air better. There are also bubbles with full fat milk, but less than with skimmed milk. Sort of.  <sep>  Q: Why is the skimmed milk fizzy? A: During blending, air is put into the milk mixture. Once you switch it off, not all air is kept inside the milk but makes it's way to the surface  Q: Why does that not happen when using whole milk? A: Without being a chemist I assume full fat milk has more fat, therefore the emulsion is somewhat "thicker" and thus can hold the air better  Q: Is it normal to hear a fizzing sound coming from the bubbles? A: There are also bubbles with full fat milk, but less than with skimmed milk. Sort of  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Is it ok to drink the bubbles or should I wait until they disperse?
Output: No
CONTEXT: Fudge is basically a chocolate flavored candy.You combine chocolate and a sugar syrup and boil the syrup until you get the desired concentration. Everything else about the recipe is to either minimize sugar crystal size or add flavor.Sweetened condensed milk will do two things-1- give you a nice, caramelly flavor2- Save a little time. Since it has less water to begin with there will be less to boil off.  <sep>  Q: What kind of milk is the best for making fudge? A: Sweetened condensed milk  Q: Why is sweetened condensed better? A: 1- give you a nice, caramelly flavor  Q: Any other tips for making good fudge? A: You combine chocolate and a sugar syrup and boil the syrup until you get the desired concentration  Q: Does it have to boil to a certain temperature? A: Everything else about the recipe is to either minimize sugar crystal size or add flavor  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Can you use peanut butter in the same recipe?
Output: No
CONTEXT: rfusca already gave very good suggestions for the literal question from the title. However, you can also address your problem the other way round. First, cook the soup until your noodles are al dente (but will become just right while cooling at a normal speed). Take the big pot of soup off the heat. Second, take a small pot, and fill it with just one portion of soup per eater. Put it on the heat, and cook until the noodles are done. (Alternatively, put the single portions into porcelain bowls and microwave until the noodles are ready - it spares you washing an additional pot, but I wouldn't nuke a good soup for no reason). Third, eat your cooked soup portions and let the big pot of soup slowly cool on its own. Fourth, freeze the soup from the big pot. Finis. Note that from a food safety point of view, you are better off with flash cooling the soup. But what I outlined here is probably much simple and hassle-free. Plus, 2-3 liters of soup minus a portion or two should spend less than the magical 4 hours in the danger zone while cooling. If you are doing this with a very big pot of soup and feeding lots of people, you should probably prefer a rapid cooling.  <sep>  Q: How can I stop the cooking in my chicken and noodle soup? My problem is that while I'm waiting for the left-over soup to cool off, the noodles get overcooked A: ake a small pot, and fill it with just one portion of soup per eater. Put it on the heat, and cook until the noodles are done  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Is there any other way?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: The color of the yolk is based on the chicken's diet. I eat vegetarian fed eggs from the grocery store and they have deep yellow yolks. If I go back to buying standard white eggs its a bit disconcerting because they have very pale yolks.In the fall is when the eggs are the orangest for pasture raised eggs, again something about what is available to feed. The only way I can find these eggs is to get them from the farmers market or from a coworker who raises hens themselves.  <sep>  Q: Yellowness of egg yolk A: The color of the yolk is based on the chicken's diet  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Does the colour have any effect on the flavor?
Output: No
CONTEXT: Flour is a thickening agent, plain and simple. However adding it without cooking it first can lead to your dish having a raw flour taste, and you can get blobs of flour in it, so I would ignore the recipes which say coat with flour without cooking it first, or use cornstarch (cornflour) instead. Alternatively you can make a roux with flour in a separate pan and add it in later. This is simply mixing equal weights of flour and butter and cooking it in a frying pan until it has the color you want. A lighter roux will add a paler color and a milder flavor, a darker roux adds a deeper color and richer flavor.  <sep>  Q: Have you ever made a ragout? A: Alternatively you can make a roux  Q: Do I have to roll the meat in flour when I make a ragout? A: can lead to your dish having a raw flour taste, and you can get blobs of flour in it  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Should I add anything extra to my meat if I'm going to leave the flour off of it?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: Restaurants quite often cook pigs cheeks 'sous vide', but unless you have, or fancy investing in a water bath, you can do things the old fashioned way.How you prepare the cheeks for cooking will, to some extent, depend on which part you're cooking. If you're going to cook the whole cheek, you really should think about soaking in a brine of sugar, salt, vinegar and spices for 24 to 48 hours. If you're just cooking the 'pad' that part can be skipped.The thing to remember with cheeks, is they are quite a fatty meat and the muscle fibres are very dense, so whichever method you choose, it's going to take time.One classic method is braising the cheeks with a variety of vegetables and something slightly sweet and sharp as a counter for the fat and cook in the oven for 2 to 3 hours at around 180c (350f) Basically dust the cheeks in a little flour and season, then brown in some olive oil. remove form the pan and lightly sautÃ© your vegetables, use leeks, baby onions, carrots, apples, garlic etc. add the cheeks pack to the pan, add some stock or stock/cider mix and cook. You could also do this on the hob (cooker top) in a heavy bottomed pan, but cook for 4 hours on a low heat.  <sep>  Q: How should I cook pigs cheeks? A: How you prepare the cheeks for cooking will, to some extent, depend on which part you're cooking  Q: What is one way to cook the pigs cheeks? A: One classic method is braising the cheeks with a variety of vegetables and something slightly sweet and sharp as a counter for the fat and cook in the oven for 2 to 3 hours at around 180c (350f  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Besides that method, is there another way to cook pigs cheeks?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: The great benefit of brining is that it opens the fibers of the meat and allows the water, and what is dissolved in the water, into the meat. I suggest you convince yourself of this by adding a fragrant herb such as rosemary to a chicken breast brine, and comparing it side-by-side with an unbrined breast. The difference, deep into the meat, will be noticeable. It is not large chunks of the herbs that find their way into the meat, but the oils and dissolved parts. That is why you heat and steep the water before cooling it for brining.  <sep>  Q: What brine ingredients are effective? A: I suggest you convince yourself of this by adding a fragrant herb such as rosemary to a chicken breast brine  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: how much salt should I use ?
Output: No
CONTEXT: In most wheat-based recipes, gluten strands are formed while you work the dough. If you don't rest the dough, rolling can be more difficult and you may get a tougher texture in the final product.Additionally, refrigerating the dough up to a certain point will firm up the fats in the recipe (butter, etc), which will make the dough less mushy and will making rolling out the dough evenly a bit easier. Unless the dough is so firm it becomes brittle, refrigeration will make the dough less fragile in most cases.Perhaps less important, the moisture levels may become a bit more consistent throughout the dough as well.  <sep>  Q: Why should I rest gingerbread dough?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: Assuming you didn't do some kind of "flavor injection" treatment, there is absolutely no reason why one part of a bird would taste radically different from another. I'm going to go with "Bad Duck."Cooking the bird slowly seriously reduces the possibility of a "hot spot" causing some kind of local taste variance. Breast meat will become overdone at the point where dark meat is still tasty, but that wouldn't explain smell or taste, and unpleasant smells are almost always related to bacterial issues.If it was discolored, it could have been local bruising, which would cause some taste issues, but, again, wouldn't explain the smell.  <sep>  Q: I tied cooking a duck and the smell was terrible, what happened?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: You are making Gianduja - and if you make chocolates out of it, they're Giandujotti - singular form Giandujotto; The name might help you find sources of information.The tempering process will be basically the same (I've seen sources suggest 2Â°C below temperatures for white chocolate temperatures at all times), but keep in mind that it won't be as melt resistant and as such not particularly good for enrobing.  <sep>  Q: Can you help me with roasting hazelnuts or chocolate tempering? A: The tempering process will be basically the same (I've seen sources suggest 2Â°C below temperatures for white chocolate temperatures at all times  Q: Can I add hazelnuts to my chocolate unmelted?###Should I combine them afterwards then? A: f you make chocolates out of it, they're Giandujotti - singular form Giandujotto  Q: Would this negatively affect the combination? A: The tempering process will be basically the same  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: The method I plan to use is the seeding method, is that acceptable?
Output: No
CONTEXT: What country are you in?Every country has some edible insects. Most are terrible. some are toxic, or have toxic parts that must be removed first. This knowledge is hard won, and not readily available. Traditional local people are your best source of information (though the Coke and McD's culture has killed that in most parts of the world)In New Zealand they have the Huhu grub, and in Australia the Witchetty grub. Both of which are edible raw or cooked (roasted on hot coals for a few minutes). They have slightly nutty flavoursThese are both soft wood eating larvae around 5 to 10 cm in length, quite plump and juicy. Such insects can be found around the world. But not all are edible  <sep>  Q: Can we cook insects for eating? A: Every country has some edible insects. Most are terrible. some are toxic, or have toxic parts that must be removed first  Q: So, what types of insects can I cook? A: In New Zealand they have the Huhu grub, and in Australia the Witchetty grub. Both of which are edible raw or cooked  Q: Do you know what ingredients can be used to cook insects? A: roasted on hot coals for a few minutes  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Do you know how to harvest them?
Output: No
CONTEXT: @Rumtscho has some good points, especially around using non-non-stick pans. A cast iron frying pan would work better for that. However, if you don't have one my suggestion for pan-frying something like breaded fish would be to pull the fish through the oil puddle with your fingers or tongs as you put it in and then let the fish sit on the non-oily part of the pan. Repeat that for all the pieces. I think what you'll find doing that though is that the breading will soak up all the oil, and you'll need to add some more in anyway in order to have enough to coat the other side when you turn the fish over. Adding more oil will cool the pan and you won't get as good as a result, so it's counter-productive. You're better off adding more oil at the beginning. If you are worried about health, don't fry in oil!  <sep>  Q: What is the best oil for evenly distributing oils (butter, chicken or bacon fat, and other oils) around a non-stick pan###or best way sorry. A: pan-frying something like breaded fish would be to pull the fish through the oil puddle with your fingers or tongs as you put it in and then let the fish sit on the non-oily part of the pan  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: How to I make sure all parts of my food make contact and cook evenly within the fat?
Output: No
CONTEXT: You can use any onion variety you want; it depends on your tastes (and availability). White onions have a shaper, more pungent flavor, while yellow onions have a nice balance of sharp and sweet (and become sweeter the longer they're cooked). Sweet onions (Vidalia, Texas, Maui, Walla Walla) are not as astringent and have a softer and, well, sweet taste. As for reds, they're similar to yellow flavor-wise, but slightly milder.  <sep>  Q: Which type of onion for homemade onion rings? A: You can use any onion variety you want; it depends on your tastes (and availability  Q: Do you prefer red onions or sweet onions? A: Sweet onions (Vidalia, Texas, Maui, Walla Walla) are not as astringent and have a softer and, well, sweet taste. As for reds, they're similar to yellow flavor-wise, but slightly milder  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Are the textures the same when they are fried?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: It sounds very much like you didn't manage to completely dissolve the sugar. It's also possible to get a bad texture from ice crystals in your ice cream, but I don't think you'd describe it as gritty or sandy, just icy.It can be rather difficult to dissolve that much sugar in liquid, especially if it's cold straight from the fridge. You might want to try heating it gently and stirring, and being careful to go until there's no undissolved sugar hiding at the bottom. That does make the chilling take a bit longer, probably more like 4-8 hours or overnight, not just 1-2 hours. But in my experience heating to dissolve is pretty much standard in ice cream recipes, presumably because it's about the only way to do it easily.  <sep>  Q: My homemade ice cream texture is gritty/sandy, any advice? A: It sounds very much like you didn't manage to completely dissolve the sugar  Q: How should I do this? A: You might want to try heating it gently and stirring, and being careful to go until there's no undissolved sugar hiding at the bottom  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Should I add the cream as the next step?
Output: No
CONTEXT: The brown stringy fibers form in the avocado flesh after it is bruised or the avocado is past ripe.The way to avoid this is to plan ahead. Buy your avocados when they are green and very hard. Try to select ones that have not been abused (at least if you see one being knocked around, take a different one). When you get the avocados home, set them aside in a safe place for a couple/few days, & don't drop or manhandle them in the meantime. When they are ripe (yield slightly to gentle pressure, as they say) you have a couple days to use them. Putting them in the refrigerator can prolong their niceness a little bit if you are not quite ready to use them. Unless some mishap befell them before purchase, they should be beautiful and without those horrible stringy lesions.  <sep>  Q: How do I choose to avoid brown stringy fibres in avocado?###What is the best way to remove the brown stringy fibres in avocado?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: I am going to guess that you are likely getting british or irish breakfast sausage. The national dutch sausage, Frikandel, is minced, skinless, and not usually eaten at breakfast. There is a perception amongst the dutch that Americans eat nothing but meat and fat in huge portions. I did a semester abroad in the Netherlands. For the first few days, the host family fed me eggs and sausages for breakfast. I usually have some toast or cereal for breakfast. So, after a couple days I asked them if this is what they had for breakfast every day. My host mother said, "No, this is what we were told Americans have for breakfast everyday!"After a chat, they said they were buying British breakfast sausages and eggs for me. Their typical breakfast was a slice of bread, some cheese, and a very strongly flavored liverwurst. My tastes were not as developed back then. After two days of that I asked if there was any other breakfast choices. My host mother bought me suikerbrood. It is a loaf of bread with sugar baked in it. It was delicious! I told them that I enjoyed this new breakfast very much. This caused a lot of chortling for my two host siblings. It turns out that suikerbrood is a small children's breakfast.  <sep>  Q: Small emulsified breakfast sausages in Dutch countries? A: The national dutch sausage, Frikandel, is minced, skinless, and not usually eaten at breakfast  Q: Have you been to Amsterdam or Brugges? A: I did a semester abroad in the Netherlands  Q: Can you try to remember the name of these sausages? A: British breakfast sausages  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: In Amsterdam can you recall small (about 1.5 to 2 inches in length, about .75 inches in diameter) sausages.
Output: No
CONTEXT: Red lentils have no skin and are thus more absorbent. They literally sucked up the wee bit of water clinging to them along with their neighbors. Surface tension of the water couldn't be broken by the light-weight pulses. When crumbled apart, the brick doesn't feel pasty, no? Next time maybe pour lentils into water; either way, no harm to finished dish.  <sep>  Q: What made these red lentils 'brick' together? A: Red lentils have no skin and are thus more absorbent. They literally sucked up the wee bit of water clinging to them along with their neighbors  Q: How can I avoid the problem of the lentils sticking together? A: Next time maybe pour lentils into water; either way, no harm to finished dish  Q: So instead of pouring water on the lentils, pour the lentils into the water? A: ld  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Does the same problem occur with other types of lentils?
Output: No
CONTEXT: Your clarification means a lot -- "baked" potato in the U.S. tends to be a whole potato cooked on its own, where the insides become fluffy and creamy, and is done with larger starchy white potatoes, or sweet potatoes work well, too.Roasted potatoes, on the other hand, tends to be (in the U.S.) be smaller "new" potatoes, waxy potatoes, or even larger starchy potatoes cut up (eg, 'oven fries').The starchy potatoes only really hold up well when roasting if it's very high heat or a short amount of time -- if you're going to be cooking them with the roast as there's going to be moisture in there, I'd go for a waxy potato (eg, Red Bliss).As for the browning -- probably coat them well with oil, and if they're not brown enough for your liking when you pull the roast, as you're going to have to rest it anyway, drain the meat juices, crank the oven up to somewhere around 450F (230C) and leave the potatoes in for a few extra minutes.ps. yes, I know a sweet potato isn't a potato. And I also tend to use Yukon Gold for just about everything, as it makes great baked potatoes, and roasted potatoes (although, not sure how well with a roast at the same time) and they're good in pot roast and stews if you don't add them too early.  <sep>  Q: What are the best potatoes for baking? A: I also tend to use Yukon Gold for just about everything, as it makes great baked potatoes  Q: Are those suitable for baking with a roast that will give a nice golden brown finish on the outside? A: they're good in pot roast and stews if you don't add them too early  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: How long does it take them to bake?
Output: No
CONTEXT: I am going to guess that you are likely getting british or irish breakfast sausage. The national dutch sausage, Frikandel, is minced, skinless, and not usually eaten at breakfast. There is a perception amongst the dutch that Americans eat nothing but meat and fat in huge portions. I did a semester abroad in the Netherlands. For the first few days, the host family fed me eggs and sausages for breakfast. I usually have some toast or cereal for breakfast. So, after a couple days I asked them if this is what they had for breakfast every day. My host mother said, "No, this is what we were told Americans have for breakfast everyday!"After a chat, they said they were buying British breakfast sausages and eggs for me. Their typical breakfast was a slice of bread, some cheese, and a very strongly flavored liverwurst. My tastes were not as developed back then. After two days of that I asked if there was any other breakfast choices. My host mother bought me suikerbrood. It is a loaf of bread with sugar baked in it. It was delicious! I told them that I enjoyed this new breakfast very much. This caused a lot of chortling for my two host siblings. It turns out that suikerbrood is a small children's breakfast.  <sep>  Q: Small emulsified breakfast sausages in Dutch countries? A: The national dutch sausage, Frikandel, is minced, skinless, and not usually eaten at breakfast  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Are you referring to the what they serve in Amsterdam?
Output: No
CONTEXT: One of the first things I learned in Indian cooking is that the combination of tomatoes, onions and ginger is self-thickening. As time went by, I realised that the thickening effect is far more noticable with old varieties of tomatoes - "beef" tomatoes and a lot of the modern varieties are difficult to thicken unless partially fried first.Despite the absence of ginger, I suspect that the thickening is purely a natural action between the tomatoes and the onion, and that the tomatoes used were some particularly nice old variety.  <sep>  Q: Why did my tomato soup turn thick and brownish? A: One of the first things I learned in Indian cooking is that the combination of tomatoes, onions and ginger is self-thickening  Q: The above combination with garlic, onions, spices can't be all wrong, can it? A: beef" tomatoes and a lot of the modern varieties are difficult to thicken unless partially fried first  Q: What went wrong with the color? A: Despite the absence of ginger, I suspect that the thickening is purely a natural action between the tomatoes and the onion, and that the tomatoes used were some particularly nice old variety  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Do you have any advice to keep it truly fresh red?
Output: No
CONTEXT: Basically, a good stock is fairly concentrated. In general, home cooks use too high a water to bones/veg ratio for a proper result. So, when you leave your stock uncovered you are concentrating everything and, perhaps, getting a good result...at least one you like. However, this is difficult to tell without knowing your recipe. With respect to adding water back later, it is not an uncommon practice to reduce a well-made stock further, by half or more, simply for storage purposes. Then when ready to use, water is added to bring it back to the original strength.  <sep>  Q: Should I reduce my stock and then add water? A: Basically, a good stock is fairly concentrated  Q: What would happen if I add the water and then reduce? A: With respect to adding water back later, it is not an uncommon practice to reduce a well-made stock further, by half or more, simply for storage purposes  Q: How do I get more stock during reduction because I'm usually left with very little? A: Then when ready to use, water is added to bring it back to the original strength  Q: How do I know how strong it is or how strong to make it? A: Basically, a good stock is fairly concentrated  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Is the stock suppose to gel?
Output: No
CONTEXT: As long as they aren't spoiled they'll be fine for a crumble/crisp/cobbler. You'll want to have someone else taste them to make sure first. They may need less sugar and less or no precooking. If they are really, really mushy then you might want to add some firmer plums or other fruit to give some texture.  <sep>  Q: Are mushy plums OK to use in cooking? A: As long as they aren't spoiled they'll be fine  Q: Would they be okay to use in a cobbler type recipe? A: they'll be fine for a crumble/crisp/cobbler  Q: I can't taste them because I'm allergic, should I ask someone else to taste before using them? A: You'll want to have someone else taste them to make sure first  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Do you think I should leave the skin on or peel them?
Output: No
CONTEXT: Foor food safety, the recommendation means that the coolest part of the meat should reach the target temperature. For something like a beef or pork roast, the coolest point will be generally in the very center of the roast. For chicken or turkey, it will often be where the leg joins the body. You may need to probe more than one more place to find the coolest reading.Now, because the meat surrounding that coolest point is at a higher temperature, the meat will continue to cook after it is removed from the oven. How much of an increase will depend on how big the roast is. In other words, a large roast will have a greater thermal mass â more meat towards the outside will be at a higher temperature, and the heat will transfer into the coolest point, raising its ultimate temperature.So, the practical answer to your question is that you need to anticipate when the target temperature will be attained. To err on the side of food safety, keep the meat in the oven until it reaches or is very close to the target temperature. With a little experience, you'll be able to gauge how much of a temperature increase occurs with various roasts, and remove it from the oven earlier.The bottom line however, is that the roast needs to ultimately reach the target temperature.  <sep>  Q: In what stage should the temperature of meat be taken? A: Foor food safety, the recommendation means that the coolest part of the meat should reach the target temperature  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: What is the target temperature?
Output: No
CONTEXT: Rose petals are edible. If you look for rose petal recipes, you will find many creative uses of them, including rice pudding with roses - so your pudding intuition was correct. During colonial American times they were considered a treat. You can candy rose petals with egg whites and sugar - typical cautions about appropriate raw egg white useage applies.Before using your rose petals in culinary applications, make sure to remember what chemicals you used on them. If they've been sprayed with pesticides, you don't want to be eating them.  <sep>  Q: How can I use roses in cooking? A: ou can candy rose petals with egg whites and sugar  Q: Do you think I can uses the roses to make rose water? A: If they've been sprayed with pesticides, you don't want to be eating them  Q: Is rose water the only way to use roses in cooking? A: including rice pudding with roses - so your pudding intuition was correct. During colonial American times they were considered a treat  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Great, do you know if it is hard to make?
Output: No
CONTEXT: Caffeine is bitter, tea isn't too bitter because as you mentioned it's only got 40mg of caffeine. If you then triple the amount in there it's going to taste that way. Try adding 3 tea bags to your cup and I'm certain it'll taste just as bitter.Energy drinks have copious amounts of sweeteners added hence why they don't taste like caffeine. If you are hell bent on more caffeine without the associated bitterness but not adding sugar maybe a sweetener like stevia would be the way forward...  <sep>  Q: Why does caffeine taste bitter when added to tea? A: Caffeine is bitter  Q: Why doesn't caffeine that is already in the tea or in an energy drink taste bitter? A: Energy drinks have copious amounts of sweeteners added hence why they don't taste like caffeine  Q: How should caffeine be added to drinkable fluids so it has no taste? A: Try adding 3 tea bags to your cup and I'm certain it'll taste just as bitter  Q: What can be done to make it taste better without adding lots of sugar? A: If you are hell bent on more caffeine without the associated bitterness but not adding sugar maybe a sweetener like stevia would be the way forward  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Why is caffeine bitter?
Output: No
CONTEXT: There's no particular reason you couldn't prepare a stock with something other than water, but it's the equivalent of buying a ream of heavy pink paper, rather than plain white photocopy paper. If that's the effect you really want, great. The thing is, stock is meant to be as boring as plain white photocopy paper -- it is a foundation for other things, versatile and effective, subtly enhancing without overwhelming the dish. For your beer idea, for example, I would cook down a couple bottles and add some stock to it. That way, the rest of my batch of stock would be useful for other recipes that don't use beer.Note that stock may be boring but shouldn't be flavorless; stock still should taste good. If your stock was flavorless, try upping the amount of meat, veggies, and herbs compared to bones. Also, bear in mind that stock should not contain salt (you will likely reduce the stock at some point). The lack of salt, however, will deaden the flavor. When you are ready to use the stock, be sure to add a pinch of salt.  <sep>  Q: Can I use other liquid than water when making stock?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: Chicken fat is what you want, and--this is important--no cream or milk. Use chicken fat to make a roux, and then chicken stock. This will get you a yellowish colour.For extra bonus points, make your pastry with schmaltz as well. They do this at the gourmet supermarket down the road, and their chicken pot pies fly off the shelves.  <sep>  Q: How do you get a nice yellow gravy color when making a chicken pot pie? A: Use chicken fat to make a roux, and then chicken stock. This will get you a yellowish colour  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Is there any other way to do it without using chicken fat?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: Most recipes I am aware of simply press crushed pepper onto the steak. It is true that some will fall off, but these recipes apply pepper generously with that in mind. I have not come across the egg white method (not sure I want egg white on my steak), but I did see a recipe that adds crushed pepper to melted butter, then coating the steak with the mixture, then chilling before cooking. Regardless of the approach, I think allowing the meat to chill with the pepper will help.  <sep>  Q: How to e keep peppercorn rub from falling of steak when searing? A: It is true that some will fall off, but these recipes apply pepper generously with that in mind  Q: Can I use something like egg whites to keep it attached? A: I have not come across the egg white method  Q: Could you use anything else? A: I did see a recipe that adds crushed pepper to melted butter  Q: How do you apply that? A: coating the steak with the mixture, then chilling before cooking  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Is there another way to cook it rather than searing?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: I've only heard of massaging kale. If you rub the greens together they get softer, darker and more tender and useable in a salad. Never done it with anything else. Wilted is steamed or blanched greens. Wilting definitely changes the texture and can make the greens more palatable and less bitter. I won't eat raw collards. I also always salt and squeeze my cooked spinach before using as it knocks out the bitterness.  <sep>  Q: What is the difference between a wilted salad and a massaged salad? A: Wilting definitely changes the texture and can make the greens more palatable and less bitter  Q: As many wilted salad recipes call for warm dressing, does this mean the wilted salad will lend itself better toward cooked ingredients compared to massaged or raw greens? A: an make the greens more palatable and less bitter  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Does wilting the greens in the salad have any particular impact on the texture?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: I usually don't buy crumbled tofu, but since you have that, I would suggest making tofu burgers. Add another hearty ingredient, like lightly roasted finely chopped walnuts, or baked eggplant cubes. Combine with chopped onions, garlic, grated carrots, and breadcrumbs. Bind with beaten egg. Season with your choice of herbs or spices, such as thyme, oregano, basil. Form into patties, fry lightly in olive oil and sprinkle with tamari (or soy sauce) until both sides are browned. Bake until fully cooked in the oven at 375 degrees. Serve on a bun just like a beef patty.  <sep>  Q: What can I do with crumbles of uncooked tofu ? A: I would suggest making tofu burgers  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: How can I do tofu burgers ?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: When metal is exposed to microwave radiation, an electric potential difference can develop as the microwaves generate electric charge in parts of the metal. Flowing electricity can cause sparks as electrons migrate to places of lower potential. Solid metal is susceptible to this because its electrons are relatively loose, making it a good conductor of electricity.Calcium (Ca) in milk is bonded with other atoms (mostly as calcium phosphate), so it doesn't behave as a solid metal would: first because its electrons are secured in bonds with other atoms, and second, because the Ca atoms are not aggregated together but intermixed with nonconducting ones.  <sep>  Q: How come heating milk in the microwave is safe? A: Calcium (Ca) in milk is bonded with other atoms (mostly as calcium phosphate), so it doesn't behave as a solid metal would  Q: Is Calcium a metal? A: of lower potential  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Does milk have all the same nutrients when it's heated?
Output: No
CONTEXT: The article you linked to references this dish as "Wiener Schnitzel". That article defines it as veal--pounded, breaded, and fried--garnished with lemon, and served with potatoes. "Wiener" refers to its Viennese origin, and Schnitzel to the type of preparation (pounded, breaded, and fried). There are many varieties of Schnitzels, made of several different meats, and with various sauces. Jaeger Schnitzel, for examples, is served with a creamy mushroom sauce. The one from Vienna is served with lemon and potatoes.  <sep>  Q: What is a Vienna Schnitzel?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: I recently found a different sauce that had a similar butterscotch note to it. It turned out this one was a very simple pan sauce built with brandy and beef stock as a deglazing liquid which was allowed to reduce by about 2/3 and then it was finished with a hint of cream.The fond came from a steak cooked in butter so there was probably a little browned butter in there as well.At this point I think the reduced brandy is a big contributor to the flavor I was identifying as butterscotch. This makes sense as brandy is generally somewhat sweet and usually has fairly strong caramel notes.  <sep>  Q: How should I develop a butterscotch flavor in a savory sauce? A: I think the reduced brandy is a big contributor to the flavor  Q: What ingredients can be used to develop these flavors? A: a very simple pan sauce built with brandy and beef stock as a deglazing liquid  Q: What techniques can be used to develop these flavors? A: The fond came from a steak cooked in butter so there was probably a little browned butter in there as well  Q: Have you had a savory dish that includes butterscotch flavors? A: I recently found a different sauce that had a similar butterscotch note to it  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: What did you eat it with?
Output: No
CONTEXT: Some ingredients do not dissolve well in hot water - the starch swells and thickens, forming lumps that may have raw powder in them and are nasty. They need to be added to cold or lukewarm water and heated after they are dissolved. Other ingredients, most notably pasta, will partially dissolve in cold water making a thick gloppy soup. But if you add them to hot water they will "seal" (in a way) and stay together as they cook.  <sep>  Q: Why are some kind of packets-soups boiled up in lukewarm water, while normally just stirred into already boiling water? A: if you add them to hot water they will "seal" (in a way) and stay together as they cook  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Can you explain the science behind this cooking procedure?
Output: No
CONTEXT: First off, when reheating soup, it won't matter much. If you get the pan too hot before you add the soup, you could get some spattering, but that's about it.As for making a fresh batch, there are those who believe that browning the ingredients before adding the liquids will develop more flavor. This will be a lot easier to do with a hot pan, than trying to get a cold pan full of stuff up to a heat sufficient to cause browning. Overall, it's a tradeoff. If you're in a hurry, it might be worth saving the few minutes to just throw everything in the pan and heat it up. If you really want to develop every last bit of flavor, you'll probably be better off heating your pan, browning ingredients, then adding liquid.  <sep>  Q: When I'm cooking, should I heat the pot first or is it okay to heat it up with food already in it? A: t off  Q: If I'm making a fresh pot of soup, should I heat the pot first? A: First off, when reheating soup, it won't matter much. If you get the pan too hot before you add the soup, you could get some spattering, but that's about it  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: What type of vegetables should heat first?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: I'm afraid you interpret the tables wrong. You aren't destroying calories, you are adding water (=0 cal) to the dry rice. As the rice absorbs the water, you are in fact measuring rice + water for cooked rice.This is true for calorie tables that measure by volume (like here) and by weight.If you are cooking your rice by boiling and straining, you are effectively losing a few calories due to the starch that gets drained with the water, but that's not what you asked here.  <sep>  Q: How to maintain the calories in rice (which were present in it in its raw form) after cooking it?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: Vegetables don't ripen. Carrots, potatoes, leafy greens, etc...They will get bigger of course and some veggies will get more bitter or woody with age. Greens will get bitter.Generally speaking veggies are better young. Carrots are particularly sweet and tender when young. Potatoes are also perfectly fine at any size.The possible exceptions would be the fruits that are labelled vegetables for cooking purposes like some squashes and tomatoes. These do need to be ripe and whether they can be ripened after picking will depend on the plant.  <sep>  Q: Do vegetables ripen like fruit? A: Vegetables don't ripen. Carrots, potatoes, leafy greens, etc  Q: Is it dangerous to eat particular vegetables before they're fully grown? A: Generally speaking veggies are better young. Carrots are particularly sweet and tender when young. Potatoes are also perfectly fine at any size  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: But they should be cleaned right? I can pick up a carrot from the dirt and eat it but wouldn't do that to a strawberry
Output: No
CONTEXT: Garlic flavors are soluble in oil, simply chopping up garlic and putting it in with the rice will not distribute the flavor well. I would recommend you chop the garlic finely and then infuse into a tablespoon of oil or butter by putting the pan on very low heat for a few minutes. Then add the rice and stir to coat the grains with the infused oil before adding water and cooking as normal. How much garlic to use depends on how strong your garlic is and how garlic-y you want it to taste. 5 tbsp of rice isn't much, for a medium garlic flavor using average strength garlic a whole small clove or half a large is probably enough. With the garlic I grow I'd add a few slices from a clove at most. Another option would be to cook the rice and then stir in the garlic infused oil afterwards, The benefits to this option are that you can drain the rice after cooking without all the flavor going down the drain.  <sep>  Q: What is the best way to infuse garlic flavor in the bland brown rice? A: chop the garlic finely and then infuse into a tablespoon of oil or butter by putting the pan on very low heat for a few minutes. Then add the rice and stir to coat the grains with the infused oil  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: What is the garlic quantity needed for the 5 table spoons of uncooked brown rice?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: Puddings, of the type in your recipe, are thickened mostly by starch gelling. The egg yolks and milk provide some thickening as well as the smooth, custardy texture.Both the starch and egg proteins gel before the boiling temperature. Recipes call for a few minutes of boiling for an entirely different and fascinating reason.There is an enzyme in raw egg yolks that digests starches. A few minutes of boiling is required to deactivate those enzymes. If your pudding didn't gel, and some time has passed, your eggs may have eaten your cornstarch. In this case, boiling it more wouldn't help.You might try whisking in some more starch and then boiling it again. This would take some experimentation. I wouldn't replace the entire quantity of starch from the recipe at first.  <sep>  Q: My Pudding isn't setting? A: You might try whisking in some more starch and then boiling it again  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: It has been out for several hours, is it still okay to boil again?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: Presumably you are experiencing rancidity, due to oxygen.While you have nitrogen flushed the bags at filling time, the bags are not impervious to oxygen diffusion.A different type of bag (an "oxygen barrier" bag material) or package (glass jar, or metal can) and, in addition, (based on other packaging I have seen) oxygen absorbing packets inside the bag may be required for long shelf life. Either alone would probably extend the shelf-life somewhat.  <sep>  Q: How do we keep our roasted cashews from smelling bad eventually? A: Presumably you are experiencing rancidity, due to oxygen  Q: So I should suck the air out of the packaging? A: A different type of bag (an "oxygen barrier" bag material) or package (glass jar, or metal can  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Do you think it is just the oxygen?
Output: Yes