niryuu/sni-each-converted huggingface dataset:
CONTEXT: Scallions are very touchy. You don't want them to dry out, and yet you don't want them too wet or they will get slimy and disgusting.What works best for me is remove any binding holding them together (e.g. rubber band or twisty-tie), (and certainly trim off any parts of the scallions that are already damaged and/or slimy), don't wash until you are ready to use them, wrap the bunch of scallions loosely (but completely covered) in a paper towel, and then store that wrapped bundle in a flimsy plastic bag (maybe the one you brought them home from the supermarket in) in your refrigerator. Sounds "fussy" when you lay out all the steps like that, but really, it's not a whole lot of work. Removing the rubber band etc. prevents damage where it would cut into the veg. flesh, paper towel absorbs condensation & liquid water which will rot the scallions (paper towel will prob. become slightly damp after a while in the fridge, but this is OK), plastic bag prevents evaporation of moist air.I find this works well for lots of greens, esp. cilantro - the worst offender in the demanding vegetables category.P.S. If you aren't too squeamish, you can even remove the very outermost layer of a scallion which has begun to "slime-out", wash the remainder right before using - & it's fine!  <sep>  Q: How do I preserve scallions? A: Scallions are very touchy. You don't want them to dry out, and yet you don't want them too wet or they will get slimy and disgusting  Q: Is there a good way to prevent the green part from drying out? A: don't wash until you are ready to use them  Q: Should they be stored in the refrigerator? A: store that wrapped bundle in a flimsy plastic bag (maybe the one you brought them home from the supermarket in) in your refrigerator  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Do you wrap the whole scallion or just the green part?
Output: No
CONTEXT: Watt specifies the power of the device.Power is defined as energy per unit time. So watt is how quickly your device consumes energy.If it is an efficient device it will convert more of consumed electricity into heat. So given two equally efficient devices the higher watt one will produce more heat faster and can therefore cook faster than the less watt one.And the third part of your question has already been answered above. Yes, higher watt device will consume more electric power.  <sep>  Q: What role does a watt play in an induction stove? A: Watt specifies the power of the device  Q: Do you know if the watt power affects the cooking method? A: watt is how quickly your device consumes energy  Q: Do you know if an electricity consumption of higher watt induction stove higher? A: given two equally efficient devices the higher watt one will produce more heat faster and can therefore cook faster than the less watt one  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: I see. So, you are suggesting that the higher the watt, the higher the cooking power?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: Most chicken (or turkey) stock recipes are meant to be fairly neutral in flavor so they can be used in almost any dish. In many culinary traditions, especially those of European tradition, black pepper is appropriate in almost any savory dish.Cloves are an extremely strong and aggressive flavor, which is not traditional in these cuisines.While you could certainly use it in your stock, it would give that warm clove aroma, and you would then want to use the stock only in dishes where that is appropriate.Instead, I would stick to neutral flavors, and if you want clove flavoring, do it when preparing the final dish, not he fundamental stock. You can simmer enough stock for the whatever dish you are making with a few cloves while you are doing your prep on the dish to infuse it, if needed.  <sep>  Q: Can I Use cloves in stocks/broths?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: Your clarification means a lot -- "baked" potato in the U.S. tends to be a whole potato cooked on its own, where the insides become fluffy and creamy, and is done with larger starchy white potatoes, or sweet potatoes work well, too.Roasted potatoes, on the other hand, tends to be (in the U.S.) be smaller "new" potatoes, waxy potatoes, or even larger starchy potatoes cut up (eg, 'oven fries').The starchy potatoes only really hold up well when roasting if it's very high heat or a short amount of time -- if you're going to be cooking them with the roast as there's going to be moisture in there, I'd go for a waxy potato (eg, Red Bliss).As for the browning -- probably coat them well with oil, and if they're not brown enough for your liking when you pull the roast, as you're going to have to rest it anyway, drain the meat juices, crank the oven up to somewhere around 450F (230C) and leave the potatoes in for a few extra minutes.ps. yes, I know a sweet potato isn't a potato. And I also tend to use Yukon Gold for just about everything, as it makes great baked potatoes, and roasted potatoes (although, not sure how well with a roast at the same time) and they're good in pot roast and stews if you don't add them too early.  <sep>  Q: What are the best potatoes for baking? A: larger starchy white potatoes, or sweet potatoes work well, too  Q: I should clarify, I am in Australia and we don't really distinguish between baking and roasting, can you suggest a nice roasting potato? A: Roasted potatoes, on the other hand, tends to be (in the U.S.) be smaller "new" potatoes, waxy potatoes, or even larger starchy potatoes cut up (eg, 'oven fries  Q: What kind of potato would go roast well with beef? A: if you're going to be cooking them with the roast as there's going to be moisture in there, I'd go for a waxy potato (eg, Red Bliss  Q: Would red bliss potatoes give a nice golden brown finish on the outside? A: As for the browning -- probably coat them well with oil, and if they're not brown enough for your liking when you pull the roast, as you're going to have to rest it anyway  Q: okay so I should coat them with oil and leave them in the oven while the roast is out resting? A: drain the meat juices, crank the oven up to somewhere around 450F (230C) and leave the potatoes in for a few extra minutes  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: How long is an extra few minutes?
Output: No
CONTEXT: Breads get their structure from glutens--a type of protein formed by the combination of glutenin with gliaten. Kneading and resting the dough helps the formation of glutens--I assume by shifting glutenin and gliatin molecules around, this increases the odds of bindings occurring.Oils can bind to glutenin and gliatin and inhibit these reactions, so fats--oils and butter--definitely play a role in the texture control.It prevents the dough from getting too elastic, which controls texture. This elasticity change would also change the maximum air bubble size. Altering resting times and yeast quantity also change these, but trading off for a different flavor. Oil may play other roles, but these are what I recall reading about off the top of my head. Yes, it does contribute to flavor as well.  <sep>  Q: What is the purpose of oil or butter in bread? A: fats--oils and butter--definitely play a role in the texture control  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Is there a purpose to adding oil and butter to potato or wheat dough?
Output: No
CONTEXT: To prevent the sticking, you might want to use a spray oil, maybe even just on the foil before you put the vegetables and potatoes on. It's a tiny amount of oil, not enough to make things noticeably greasy, but will be pretty effective. Another spray over the top will make them brown a little more nicely and may even prevent a little drying out. Alternatively, you can just toss them all in a bowl with a small amount of oil; it really doesn't take much, and I'd hardly describe it as "covering with a lot of oil."As for preventing things from drying out, first and foremost, don't overcook them. Broccoli and onions both roast very nicely, but you definitely want to pull it out before it starts browning/burning too much. If you slice the potatoes thinly enough, they'll cook in roughly the same amount of time as the broccoli and onions. So if things are getting overcooked, just don't leave them in the oven as long.You can also always try covering them. Another sheet of foil over the top will trap a fair amount of moisture, letting them steam a bit and probably preventing some burning as well.(I suppose it's also possible that it's all drying out because you're cooking them too slowly, so they have plenty of time for moisture to escape, but that seems less likely given the way you described things.)  <sep>  Q: When I cook my meat, I usually bake or broil it, I basically use the oven. I like using the oven to make the side dish while baking the meat. Usually the side dish consists of a combination of sweet potatoes / yams, broccoli and onions. I slice the potatoes and make sure the broccoli pieces and onions are large enough so they will not overcook / burn. However, usually this combination ends up being really dry, and everything sticks to the aluminum foil. ###So im looking to bake side dishes, having problems with dryness A: To prevent the sticking, you might want to use a spray oil, maybe even just on the foil before you put the vegetables and potatoes on  Q: what kind of oil is best? A: Another spray over the top will make them brown a little more nicely and may even prevent a little drying out  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Yes, but which oil is best to be used? I want my meals to be healthy, and covering everything with alot of oil is not appealing to me.
Output: No
CONTEXT: For ramen, udon, and soba, it is not uncommon for Japanese restaurants to use multiple broths for layered flavors.My friend is from Yamagata in Japan and several of her favorite Udon places will make a sturdy broth with dashi as well as pork and chicken stocks. When I make noodles at home, I almost always start with dashi and fortify with chicken or pork stock. While the aroma of a good dashi is strong, often times it isn't solid enough to feel full-bodied. Try adding other stocks/broths and see where that gets you. Use neckbones and feet if you make your own pork stock.  <sep>  Q: I had delicious Udon soup at a Japanese restaurant, and my attempts to recreate have failed. what am I missing? A: My friend is from Yamagata in Japan and several of her favorite Udon places will make a sturdy broth with dashi as well as pork and chicken stocks  Q: Do you have any advice? A: Try adding other stocks/broths and see where that gets you. Use neckbones and feet if you make your own pork stock  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Any other suggestions?
Output: No
CONTEXT: Great pictures: those are so clearly areas of oil/fat which have separated from the main nutella emulsion. Carefully gouge one out and smear it around or put it onto a heated surface & see if it doesn't melt immediately. See if they go right back into the mixture if you stir a little portion together. I wager you can convince yourself this nutella is right edible.  <sep>  Q: What are these white 'bits' in my nutella? A: those are so clearly areas of oil/fat which have separated from the main nutella emulsion  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Do the white bits indicate that it's unsafe to eat?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: If you heated the eggs above 160Â°F/70Â°C (and boiling is definitely above that), they're cooked, and any harmful bacteria has been killed. Can't say for sure that you did this without knowing the steps you performed.Given, if it doesn't taste good, and it was cheap ingredients... sounds like an argument to discard it anyway. Even if its perfectly safe.(Note: lower temperatures will also kill the bacteria, but it's no longer instantâyou may have to hold it for a few minutes to a few hours, depending on the temperature.)  <sep>  Q: Custard Pudding tasting like raw eggs A: if it doesn't taste good, and it was cheap ingredients... sounds like an argument to discard it  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: I cooked custard pudding on the stove for 30 minutes, but it taste like raw eggs a bit. Do you think it's cooked or still raw?
Output: No
CONTEXT: Short answer: No.Long answer: this could probably be made to work, but only for a short time. At some point, and probably within a few uses, the rapid heat cycling from the fire would cause the pizza stone to crack.Pizza stones are made from corderite or clay, sometimes with grog. This offers a smoother surface than firebrick, but that smooth surface is because of a higher amount of vitrification and less airspace in the ceramic. This means they are less resistant to cracking due thermal shock, and the fact that your pizza stone is 1/4 a thick as firebrick makes that worse.In contrast, firebrick is a standard 2.5" thick, and made from higher-temperature materials with more airspace in the clay itself. These properties give it both higher thermal insulation, and higher thermal mass (so that it cools down slower). Both of these properties help it resist cracking.  <sep>  Q: Pizza stone as floor pizza oven vs firebrick A: This offers a smoother surface than firebrick  Q: Does it get as hot as firebrick? A: the fact that your pizza stone is 1/4 a thick as firebrick makes that worse  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Are there any advantages to using pizza stone?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: One of your possible answers is pretty close to what I think is the correct one. To flavor carnitas all the way through, put them back in the braising liquid that has been reduced since cooking the pork. You can create a kind of glaze out of the braising liquid, and toss the shredded pork in that (defat the braising liquid before reducing it).BTW, I never fry carnitas. I may throw them on a greased grill, but I never deep or shallow fry them.  <sep>  Q: How can I get my flavorings to flavor my carnitas all the way through the pork? A: To flavor carnitas all the way through, put them back in the braising liquid that has been reduced since cooking the pork  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: I'm using a recipe with oranges and milk, is that okay?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: What you describe is grill basting - where a liquid is poured onto the grill and covered (with a metal salad bowl or a basting cover) to more evenly cook the food and maintain its moisture. The liquid is added towards the latter half of cooking, as adding it in the first half of cooking has no real beneficial effect. Additionally, the steam will melt cheese more evenly if grilling burger patties. Typically, this liquid is a stock (chicken or pork stock if cooking chicken, vegetable stock if cooking vegetables and beef stock if cooking beef) or water.On a personal note, I sometimes dissolve a pinch of salt in the water if I don't have any stock available.  <sep>  Q: What is the liquid often ladled onto the grill top in restaurants? A: Typically, this liquid is a stock (chicken or pork stock if cooking chicken, vegetable stock if cooking vegetables and beef stock if cooking beef) or water  Q: Does this help cook the food faster because of the steam? A: to more evenly cook the food and maintain its moisture  Q: Is stock the same thing as oil? A: What you describe is grill basting  Q: Would water work better for this purpose then stock? A: water  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: What amount of liquid should be ladled on to the food on the grill top?
Output: No
CONTEXT: I'm not a professional fudger, but here is my theory: one should add it to the boiling mixture. The reason is that butter has milk solids that are said to âburnâ at low temperatures (somewhere in the range 120C-150C or 250F-300F) which just above the soft ball stage (113C or 235F) needed for making fudge. I interpret the burning to mean that those milk solids (sugars and proteins) get a chance to contribute to the Maillard reaction that gives caramel (and its grained cousin the fudge) its great and rich flavor. Given how unique and varied the flavors arising from butter are, I would not want to miss their contribution by adding them after the heat is gone.  <sep>  Q: Butter usage in fudge? A: I'm not a professional fudger, but here is my theory: one should add it to the boiling mixture  Q: I have a number of questions relating to fudge. Thank you in advance for your help. A: The reason is that butter has milk solids that are said to âburnâ at low temperatures  Q: My main question here is Why do some recipes put the butter ON the fudge once its hot whereas the professional videos (i.e. youtube mackinac fudge shops) seem to show the butter in the boiling mix? A: I interpret the burning to mean that those milk solids (sugars and proteins) get a chance to contribute to the Maillard reaction that gives caramel  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Use of whipping cream in fudge, Why is my chocolate fudge not that dark?
Output: No
CONTEXT: Personally I'd suggest blanching your pasta. By blanching:I mean get a big pan of heavily salted water on a rolling boil. Drop your pasta into the water, give it a stir.After 1 min or when the water has come back to boil drain the pasta off.At this point your pasta will still be el' dante but not raw which is what I suspect the directions are suggesting when they say "2 min less than instructed" then just use it at the mixing with sour cream step.If you were to just use the pasta freshly made it will likely not have the texture desired. Boiling it will help moisten it up and start to cook the flour.  <sep>  Q: Is using homemade pasta instead of dried in a bake recommended?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: It should be about 7 crackers per cup, maybe 8, depending how finely you crush them. One of the inner packages from your 14.4oz box should be plenty (there are probably three packages with 9 in each, or 4.8oz). If you need to go the other way, that's 1/7 to 1/8 cup per cracker, or more simply, 0.5oz or 15g per cracker.I know this from making graham cracker crusts - and you can confirm it by looking at some recipes. You generally need 1.5 cups of crumbs for a pie crust, and it takes 10-12 crackers. I've seen recipes ranging from 9 to 12 crackers (and checked ten or so when writing this), but I don't think I've ever used fewer than 10. One cup is 2/3 of that, 7 or 8 crackers. (Some people do say 20 or 24 squares, but they're clearly half-cracker squares, not the whole crackers.)For what it's worth, the Martha Stewart crust recipe says "6 1/2 ounces graham crackers (12 crackers), finely ground (1 1/2 cups)", and 2/3 of that is 4 1/3 oz, pretty close to 1/3 of your box, maybe a cracker short, so by weight this works out too.  <sep>  Q: How much is a cup of graham cracker crumbs in crackers and weight?###I have a recipe that calls for one cup of graham cracker crumbs. How many crackers am I going to need to crush? A: It should be about 7 crackers per cup, maybe 8, depending how finely you crush them  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: It would also be helpful to know what a cup of graham cracker crumbs weighs. My box of crackers is 14.4oz.### I could estimate what portion of the box to use if I know how much a cup of crumbs weighs.
Output: No
CONTEXT: Short answer: No.Long answer: this could probably be made to work, but only for a short time. At some point, and probably within a few uses, the rapid heat cycling from the fire would cause the pizza stone to crack.Pizza stones are made from corderite or clay, sometimes with grog. This offers a smoother surface than firebrick, but that smooth surface is because of a higher amount of vitrification and less airspace in the ceramic. This means they are less resistant to cracking due thermal shock, and the fact that your pizza stone is 1/4 a thick as firebrick makes that worse.In contrast, firebrick is a standard 2.5" thick, and made from higher-temperature materials with more airspace in the clay itself. These properties give it both higher thermal insulation, and higher thermal mass (so that it cools down slower). Both of these properties help it resist cracking.  <sep>  Q: Pizza stone as floor pizza oven vs firebrick A: This offers a smoother surface than firebrick  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Does it get as hot as firebrick?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: As someone who uses liquid nitrogen as part of their daily routine (in a lab) and who has made liquid nitrogen ice cream on several occasions, my advice would be to not use a plastic container to hold liquid nitrogen unless it's designed to. Yes, the plastic vessel may become brittle and may fracture. I have seen some materials shatter with extreme violence when frozen with liquid nitrogen; do not attempt this. Vessels for handling cryogenic liquids are designed especially for the job, and made from materials such as stainless steel, styrofoam, teflon, HDPE or silvered borosilicate glass. Unless you know with certainty that your container is designed to withstand temperatures of -196 Â°C (-321 Â°F), do not attempt this procedure.  <sep>  Q: Can you use liquid nitrogen in a food processor?###Will this break the container since it isn't made of steel? A: As someone who uses liquid nitrogen as part of their daily routine (in a lab) and who has made liquid nitrogen ice cream on several occasions  Q: Will using liquid nitrogen in the container harm the food?###Do you know if anyone has tried it? A: the plastic vessel may become brittle and may fracture. I have seen some materials shatter with extreme violence when frozen with liquid nitrogen; do not attempt this  Q: What kind of container would you recommend for this process? A: Vessels for handling cryogenic liquids are designed especially for the job, and made from materials such as stainless steel, styrofoam, teflon, HDPE or silvered borosilicate glass  Q: Which type of container will retain the temperature of the food better? A: Unless you know with certainty that your container is designed to withstand temperatures of -196 Â°C (-321 Â°F), do not attempt this procedure  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Alright, so use a different container then?
Output: No
CONTEXT: I think you've answered your question yourself. You use the bean itself to make vanilla sugar, so obviously there is much flavour in it as well and not just in the seeds.My experience is that you get much more flavour out of the pod if you let it simmer in warm milk/fluid.  <sep>  Q: Is there really a difference by throwing the vanilla pod in as well? A: My experience is that you get much more flavour out of the pod if you let it simmer in warm milk/fluid  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Do recipes just ask you to do so, because you'd get more seeds in the milk or cream, or does the pod itself give a special flavour?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: If the yeast isn't out of date then the most likely sounding culprit is the temperature of your water. It should be between 105-110. If it's too cool then you won't activate the yeast and if you get it too warm you'll start to kill it.Another possible case can be when you're adding the salt. If it's going in before or at the same time as the sugar you will arrest the gas production and activity of the yeast.Get the yeast, sugar, water mixture going first and create a shaggy dough with your flour. Add the salt as you're starting to bring the dough together so that it doesn't act too quickly to arrest the yeast development.If you keep your flour in the freezer or refrigerator, make sure it has come to room temperature before adding it to the water or the chill of the flour will de-activate the yeast.  <sep>  Q: How do I get my pizza dough to rise? A: If the yeast isn't out of date then the most likely sounding culprit is the temperature of your water  Q: What temperature should the water be? A: It should be between 105-110  Q: What else do I need to consider A: Another possible case can be when you're adding the salt. If it's going in before or at the same time as the sugar you will arrest the gas production and activity of the yeast  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Do you have any other advice?
Output: No
CONTEXT: Fudge is basically a chocolate flavored candy.You combine chocolate and a sugar syrup and boil the syrup until you get the desired concentration. Everything else about the recipe is to either minimize sugar crystal size or add flavor.Sweetened condensed milk will do two things-1- give you a nice, caramelly flavor2- Save a little time. Since it has less water to begin with there will be less to boil off.  <sep>  Q: What kind of milk is the best for making fudge? A: Sweetened condensed milk  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Why is sweetened condensed better?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: Traditionally, mozzarella is sold extremely fresh - as in made that day or the day before. If it's held for more than a day or so, it comes packaged in a brine. Most of the American stuff is just too soft to be held for packaging like other shredded cheese in the mega-mart.In the US, being extreme gluttons for convenience, we tend to make do with part-skim shredded mozzarella instead of the good stuff. Slight temperature variations can make the shreds stick together in a globby mass. It's harmless from a safety point of view, and the expiry date can be long after the occurrence of perfectly safe globbiness.Pro-Tip: Put the globby pieces in the freezer for 20 minutes, and then shred it like a block of harder cheese. Upon heating, it will melt (almost) as if the the globbiness had never happened. I have taken advantage of a few good sales that way. Mozzarella will become... ehem... colorful before it becomes unsafe. While this answer is more for mozzerella than for other types of cheese; the last paragraph works for any mega-mart shredded cheese.  <sep>  Q: Why would unopened shredded cheese get soggy in the fridge? A: Slight temperature variations can make the shreds stick together in a globby mass  Q: Is this normal? A: It's harmless from a safety point of view  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Is it safe to use the soggy parts?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: How about some thinly-sliced peaches? Seems relevant to the Southern theme and complementary to both the heavier bourbon flavor and the other fruity notes.You could sub out the agave for peach syrup if you want to live on the edge.Rhubarb is also a Southern classic that could be an interesting addition. But I don't know how you'd implement that.  <sep>  Q: How can I tweak the Southern Discomfort cocktail? A: How about some thinly-sliced peaches? Seems relevant to the Southern theme and complementary to both the heavier bourbon flavor and the other fruity notes  Q: Do You have any other suggestions ? A: You could sub out the agave for peach syrup if you want to live on the edge  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Can I add any other alcoholic drink to it ?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: you know better than I do, it depends on the orange and type of orange. My mom, an executive chef, used to say that you'd allow 1-2 lb of oranges for 1 drinkable cup of orange juice. I really think, that it's highly dependent on the type of orange. I know naval and blood oranges are the juiciest compared to other varieties.  <sep>  Q: How much juice can you get from an orange? A: My mom, an executive chef, used to say that you'd allow 1-2 lb of oranges for 1 drinkable cup of orange juice  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: How do I get the most juice per orange?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: Sous vide cooking is a function of temperature and the surface area to volume ratio of the food in question.If you have a high surface area to volume the cooking time will be shorter. Steaks would have a higher ratio than the roast so they would take less time than the roast. The amount of the time difference is difficult to predict exactly over such a long time scale, but a rough calculation of the ratio I spoke of would be a good starting point for a compensation factor.If you have the time and your water bath can accommodate, I'd suggest keeping the roast whole and finishing in a skillet. It's much more impressive than a steak.  <sep>  Q: Sous vide chuck roast or chuck steaks? A: Sous vide cooking is a function of temperature and the surface area to volume ratio of the food in question  Q: I've never cooked sous vide before, but am now equipped to try thanks to the holidays.###We have a 3 pound chuck roast. I'm not sure what the exact cut shape is, but it's vaguely cube shaped A: Steaks would have a higher ratio than the roast so they would take less time than the roast  Q: If we cut the roast into steaks (1-2 inches thick) before bagging and cooking, A: I'd suggest keeping the roast whole and finishing in a skillet. It's much more impressive than a steak  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: i understand.###what effect would this have on the cooking time and/or quality?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: Yes, you can freeze parmesan cheese. Even without freezing, Parmesan is very durable since the low water and high salt content prevents mould from growing. The younger varieties may be more prone to mould growth (having a higher water content), but I've kept ripe Parmesan (30-36 months) for at least a year in the fridge without problems (and it would probably have stayed good much longer). Just remember to keep it wrapped in paper, not in a sealed plastic container to prevent a buildup of condensation.  <sep>  Q: Can I freeze Parmesan? A: you can freeze parmesan cheese  Q: How long can I keep it for? A: Even without freezing, Parmesan is very durable since the low water and high salt content prevents mould from growing  Q: I am thinking about buying a larger amount of Parmesan and freeze it for later use, just unsure when the best window of use is? you said 3 years ripe? A: for at least a year in the fridge without problems  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Is there a good way to cook post frozen parmesan, as I worry the texture might be changed after freezing?
Output: No
CONTEXT: I am afraid that gloves make things worse. Even with proper training, people who wear gloves seem to be more complacent that those who do not wear gloves. I have seen people handle dollar bills then turn around and touch my food with the same gloves on. Disgusting, and I refuse the food, and when I tell them why, they say the gloves are to protect me...what the F ever. Then I ask them how that glove protects meFromThe germs on those dollars you just touched?I find its better to enforce good hand washing habits than it is to allow gloves to be used at all. When you are wearing gloves, you don't even wipe your hand on a towel, without gloves your hands kinda start to tell you they need to be washed if you've been lax.  <sep>  Q: Why use gloves when handling food? A: I am afraid that gloves make things worse. Even with proper training, people who wear gloves seem to be more complacent that those who do not wear gloves  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Does it have anything to do with sanitation?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: The Chinese eggplant will have a thinner skin, less seeds (read: less bitterness); as a result, it will have an overall more delicate flavor. You can substitute a globe eggplant (the kind usually sold in American grocery stores) equally; just be aware you'll get extra "eggplant" flavor. Since the recipe you're using has strong flavors already, this should not be a problem. However, if the recipe were using more delicate flavors, it would not turn out quite as the recipe author intended.  <sep>  Q: Can a "regular" eggplant be substituted for a chinese eggplant in a recipe? A: You can substitute a globe eggplant (the kind usually sold in American grocery stores) equally; just be aware you'll get extra "eggplant" flavor  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Should I use the same amount of eggplant?
Output: No
CONTEXT: I don't think this has a single answer: The amount of alcohol would depend on the alcohol content of the soaking liquor or liqueur, soaking time, temperature of chocolate, and how thick the strawberry was. I suspect uncut strawberries would take at least several days to fully absorb alcohol and reach equilibrium, but the surface should take up alcohol fairly quickly. If they are cut up, exposing the more porous interior, I imagine an overnight soak would be sufficient to reach maximum alcohol content. The enormous, bloated mutant strawberries you sometimes see at stores could take considerably longer than others to absorb their maximum alcohol. Alcohol is much more volatile than water, so the immersion in warm, melted chocolate would remove some alcohol, but once the chocolate cools, it should trap any remaining content.The flavor of alcohol is easily masked by other flavors at under 20% content; this could explain why your friend didn't taste it, but you did. It's quite possible the strawberries packed a sobriety-busting punch, but it was disguised by the chocolate and fruit tastes.  <sep>  Q: How much alcohol remains in strawberries soaked in alcohol? A: I don't think this has a single answer: The amount of alcohol would depend on the alcohol content of the soaking liquor or liqueur, soaking time, temperature of chocolate  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: I'm reading that approx. 30% is lost, do you think that would be an average number?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: We have a convection oven and almost always use it. I can't remember the last time we didn't use convection. Our model automatically decreases the temperature, so if you set it for 300, then it will heat to 275. Not sure if that is a magic 25 degree number, but it seems to work. Almost all recipes cook time wise as they would with a non-convection oven. Our also has a single and multi-rack mode, and it circulates the air differently in that case. We have NEVER had any problems with the food drying out more with the air circulation as they say that is a common negative.I am sure the effectiveness varies oven to oven, but in our case, we always use it (except for broiling of course).  <sep>  Q: When should I use convection when baking? A: We have a convection oven and almost always use it. I can't remember the last time we didn't use convection  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: what are some benefits?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: There's no reason why you couldn't boil vegetables as you make the stock and then puree them in as a base. It's really about taste and the result you want. Making the stock without vegetables in it will give you a clear broth with a simple pork flavor and the vegetables will be distinct in it. If you add vegetables while cooking the stock and then puree them in your base will be much more vegetable-y, and opaque - the color will be determined by the vegetables added. The pork taste will be a bit more hidden by vegetable flavors. Spices and herbs are 2 separate matters. In general you can overcook herbs very easily but it's hard to overcook spices (although some spices can change during long cooking times). Adding bay (laurel) is one of the exceptions herb-wise. Spice-wise adding at the beginning will make the spice permeate the meat, careful not to overdo it though.Like I said it's all about the look and taste you want.  <sep>  Q: Should I add vegetables and spices in the stock-making stage of pig-knuckle soup? A: There's no reason why you couldn't boil vegetables as you make the stock and then puree them in as a base  Q: Could I put chilli as a seasoning? A: It's really about taste and the result you want  Q: Maybe I could add some fresh herbs too, or would that be too much? A: In general you can overcook herbs very easily but it's hard to overcook spices (although some spices can change during long cooking times). Adding bay (laurel) is one of the exceptions herb-wise  Q: What root vegetables do you think would work best? A: the color will be determined by the vegetables added. The pork taste will be a bit more hidden by vegetable flavors  Q: Should I keep the boiled vegetables even though they are over cooked? A: puree them in as a base  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Yeah maybe I could purÃ©e them and use it to think. The soup.###Use it to thicken the soup? Sorry
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: I've struggled with this issue as well because I live in a moist climate and instant espresso powder cakes up on me between uses.Generally recipes which use instant espresso power are trying to add a kick of bitter and roasted flavors to deepen chocolate flavors and make them richer. You can try substituting instant coffee 1:1, but the flavor of the baked good will certainly suffer a loss of richness. Increasing the amount of instant coffee, however, would likely add more bitter or acidic flavors -- and caffeine -- to the cookie or cake than you want. Also, instant coffee takes longer to dissolve, so it needs to be added straight to a liquid.There's no real way to substitute liquid coffee in most recipes, such as chocolate cookie or brownie recipes, because the recipe has no water in it in the first place. In the rare recipes where there is water, you could substitute strong-brewed coffee for an equal quantity of water+espresso powder, and this would likely work fairly well.So, summing up: there's no really good substitute for instant espresso powder in recipes which call for it that I've found with some significant experimentation. Hopefully someone else has had better ideas than me.  <sep>  Q: Instant espresso powder substitutions? A: you could substitute strong-brewed coffee for an equal quantity of water+espresso powder  Q: I don't have the powder, thats what I'd like to substitute. A: You can try substituting instant coffee 1:1, but the flavor of the baked good will certainly suffer a loss of richness  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Would double or triple strength brewed (or French Press) coffee work?
Output: No
CONTEXT: Yes, you can freeze parmesan cheese. Even without freezing, Parmesan is very durable since the low water and high salt content prevents mould from growing. The younger varieties may be more prone to mould growth (having a higher water content), but I've kept ripe Parmesan (30-36 months) for at least a year in the fridge without problems (and it would probably have stayed good much longer). Just remember to keep it wrapped in paper, not in a sealed plastic container to prevent a buildup of condensation.  <sep>  Q: Can I freeze Parmesan? A: you can freeze parmesan cheese  Q: How long can I keep it for? A: Even without freezing, Parmesan is very durable since the low water and high salt content prevents mould from growing  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: How is the taste/texture affected?
Output: No
CONTEXT: Our brains are wired to consider food more palatable if the dedicated taste receptors (one of the six basic tastes) for salt are triggered. And in a non-urban world, salt/sodium is a valuable nutrient; the fact we might have it too readily available in the developed world doesn't change that we would DIE on a zero-sodium diet (mind that animal products like meat aren't zero-sodium, and that herbivores tend to love licking salt where they find it!). So our brains have a good evolutionary reason to like salt.Also, salt actively interferes (negatively) with another basic taste receptor - the receptor for bitterness (which can mean poison both in nature and in the developed world, or at least something we have no use for, eg an alkali). Most aromatic food (think green vegetables or spices) is bitter, and salt both attenuates that perception and balances it making the combined food still desirable for our brain. You end up with an even more palatable food since you can use an aromatic (desirable) and shut out the bitterness (not always desirable) response.Umami is a different basic taste, probably related to the presence of protein (glutamate, inosinate, guanylate... trigger it - these are amino acids or salts thereof, and an indicator of easily-digestible protein presence).  <sep>  Q: Why does salt enhance the flavor of food? A: Our brains are wired to consider food more palatable if the dedicated taste receptors (one of the six basic tastes) for salt are triggered  Q: Is salt related to umami? A: Umami is a different basic taste, probably related to the presence of protein  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Is there a reason it is becoming more common in deserts?
Output: No
CONTEXT: One of the first things I learned in Indian cooking is that the combination of tomatoes, onions and ginger is self-thickening. As time went by, I realised that the thickening effect is far more noticable with old varieties of tomatoes - "beef" tomatoes and a lot of the modern varieties are difficult to thicken unless partially fried first.Despite the absence of ginger, I suspect that the thickening is purely a natural action between the tomatoes and the onion, and that the tomatoes used were some particularly nice old variety.  <sep>  Q: Why did my tomato soup turn thick and brownish? A: One of the first things I learned in Indian cooking is that the combination of tomatoes, onions and ginger is self-thickening  Q: The above combination with garlic, onions, spices can't be all wrong, can it? A: beef" tomatoes and a lot of the modern varieties are difficult to thicken unless partially fried first  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Do tomatoes have to be skinned?
Output: No
CONTEXT: Without forensics it's hard to tell exactly what happened.However, one possible explanation is sunlight. If the watermelon was in the sun at all, even just a little part of it, that tends to accelerate the growth of all sorts of things.Another possibility is that it was just past its date. There isn't really a way to tell if this is near or not without chemical analysis.In watermelon country (I live near an ancient greek watermelon port) watermelon is generally refrigerated. This is partially because we find it tastier when it's cold, and partially because room temperature easily goes above 30, and even above 34-5 on certain days.  <sep>  Q: Cause of watermelon rind rotting? A: one possible explanation is sunlight  Q: I left it on the kitchen table but it was out of the light. Any other reasons? A: Another possibility is that it was just past its date  Q: What about the temperature of the room? A: room temperature easily goes above 30, and even above 34-5 on certain days  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: What about leaving it in a bag, will that hurt?
Output: No
CONTEXT: I make bacon and other cured meats frequently. I find that the amount of liquid released from pork belly varies. That is not a useful measure of how the cure is proceeding. Bacon, in particular, is usually cooked after the cure, so I don't worry too much. I use the salt-box method, coat the belly in cure mixture, place in large zip lock, place in container slightly larger than belly and put in fridge. Flip every day or so for a week. What I look for next is a firming up of the belly. I pinch it. If it has firmed up after a week, I move on to hot smoking (or you could use your oven). If it still feels soft, I give it another day or two.  <sep>  Q: how much juice should come out when curing pork belly for bacon? A: I make bacon and other cured meats frequently. I find that the amount of liquid released from pork belly varies  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: How will i know if the pork belly is curing properly?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: While I suspect that the formula is mostly reliable if you repeat the experiment with the same person, I found the individual heat sensitivity varies a lot. Most professional cooks and seasoned homemakers can handle (pun intended) higher heat than those who rarely expose their hands to high temperatures. In our home, weâve had heated discussions about whether the dishes in the just finished dishwasher are too hot to touch or not. And this is just one example.If you exclude the differences between individuals, using your own handâs heat sensitivity to gauge a temperature range is absolutely possible (as long as a few degrees donât matter). It takes time and practice - which is usually described as âexperienceâ. I personally donât think in âdegreesâ though, but more in categories like âtoo coldâ / âshould be okâ / âtoo hotâ and a few steps in between. So in short, if you need a precise temperature, get a thermometer. If you are still working on judging by hand, either get a thermometer or plan a few trial-and-error loops. And sometimes the exact temperature is not important for a recipe to work.Using the X-time at Y-distance formula may work, if your heat sensitivity is similar to the authorâs.  <sep>  Q: How accurate is the hand technique for grilling? A: While I suspect that the formula is mostly reliable if you repeat the experiment with the same person, I found the individual heat sensitivity varies a lo  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: How many inches should you hold your hand above the grill o know the temperature?
Output: No
CONTEXT: Baking turns bicarbonate of soda into a weak form of lye - sodium carbonate, as you said. It basically makes it a stronger alkali. The actual baking process is safe, but the resulting lye is an irritant and you should avoid getting in on your skin, and definitely avoid it getting it in your eyes.The difference in texture and colour is noticeable after baking. The texture will be finer, and it will be whiter.  <sep>  Q: Why should I bake baking soda for making ramen noodles? A: The texture will be finer, and it will be whiter  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: If I bake baking soda, whould I be creating hydrogen gas or presumably harmless water vapor and carbon dioxide?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: This 'trick' is used by many a fine chef. Meat is salted, wrapped and refrigerated hours or even overnight, prior to cooking. Yes, salt will draw moisture from the meat initially, but over time that moisture will migrate back into the meat taking the salt with it! The salt also breaks down the protein structure in the muscle rendering a more tender steak.The steak is rinsed and dried (a wet steak will steam not char), seasoned, and fired.Ground beef can be handled in the same fashion. Using a medium or coarse salt and erring on the less salty side, you can find the right proportion to suit your taste. Season before forming or after. Some contend that the seasoning is made bitter by the heat and flame of the grill. Go figure.Other tips: The meat should be mixed and formed with a gentle hand â use only as much pressure as it takes to hold the patties together. For almost foolproof rare or medium-rare meat, go right from fridge to grill.  <sep>  Q: Do you know why, what makes a burger taste so salty? A: This 'trick' is used by many a fine chef. Meat is salted, wrapped and refrigerated hours or even overnight, prior to cooking  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Is there anything I can do to get this result when cooking beef burgers at home?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: The primary reason is definitely convenience. If you don't want skin and seeds in your sauce, then you have to do some work to avoid it. Yes, it's possible, e.g. passing through a food mill, or blanching and peeling plus retaining only the flesh, but having it already done is a whole lot easier.Passata is usually much thicker too, so it won't need as long a cooking time to reduce into a non-watery sauce as fresh tomatoes. On top of that, you don't have to worry about whether you can find good fresh tomatoes, e.g. if it's winter and they're out of season.Your two cases for comparison seem to overlook this: if you just chop and cook, you'll have skin and seeds in your sauce, as well as excess liquid to cook down, while if you use passata, you won't. (Also, for what it's worth, you'd need pretty giant tomatoes to get the equivalent of 3/4 cup of passata out of one tomato.)Of course, if you don't mind skin and seeds, it's also perfectly fine to simply cook fresh tomatoes and be done with it.Note that you can often get similar advantages from other canned tomato products. In the US, crushed tomatoes are far more common, and a roughly similar texture. (Peeled whole tomatoes, diced tomatoes, tomato sauce, and tomato paste can also be useful depending on what texture you're aiming for.)  <sep>  Q: What exactly is Passata? A: crushed tomatoes  Q: Is it better to use Passata instead of fresh tomatoes? A: The primary reason is definitely convenience  Q: Is the procedure that much more difficult to use fresh tomatoes instead of using Passata? A: f you don't want skin and seeds in your sauce, then you have to do some work to avoid it  Q: Fresh is usually better; however, is it really just a matter of convenience or is the taste effected? A: if you don't mind skin and seeds, it's also perfectly fine to simply cook fresh tomatoes and be done with it  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: When making real Ragu, what really is the specific difference between using Passata (so, for say 1kg of meat, a few cups of Passata, cooked-in for many hours as the last step)?
Output: No