niryuu/sni-each-converted huggingface dataset:
CONTEXT: I use two types of cutting boards: wood and [soft] plastic. The plastic is for meat, or anything that could ruin a wood cutting board. Wood is for everything else. If you can afford it, try to get an end-grain wood cutting board.Bamboo is a popular choice right now (it's affordable and sustainable), but I don't have any personal experience with it.Most other materials, especially glass, will ruin your knives.  <sep>  Q: What are some general tips on purchasing and using a cutting board? A: The plastic is for meat, or anything that could ruin a wood cutting board. Wood is for everything else. If you can afford it, try to get an end-grain wood cutting board  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Which type is easier to clean?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: You are not hurting the flavor.In theory, it will shorten the steeping time a miniscule (probably imperceptable) amount, but the effect is more psychologial perception than reality.I pour boiling hot water over my teabag and start my timer for five minutes and don't touch or swirl the tea bag. If the bag sits in the hot water 20% longer (6 minutes instead of 5), I would be lying if I tried to pretend that I could preceive a taste difference from the previous cuppa I'd sipped. I cannot.Costs you nothing - so try it and see if you can taste any difference.  <sep>  Q: Will swishing or moving a teabag around affect the steeping time in any way? A: You are not hurting the flavor  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: What can I add into the teabag to aid it?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: Sure you can. It will not taste salty, but it also will not taste bland, it will have a "seasoned" taste. Will you like it that way, or miss the salt? That's not something we can predict (or you, for that matter, if you have not tried it before). You have to taste it so you can know if you personally enjoy eating saltless, umami food. When trying, make sure that you are using very small quantities. Measure in knifetips, not in teaspoons, add one at the time and stir well. You can easily overdo it, and there is no way to go back. Pay speciall attention to the feeling of "It's not good yet" - it can come from "not enough seasoning" or from "not enough salt", in the second case adding more MSG won't help.  <sep>  Q: Ran out of salt can I use MSG (monosodium glutamate) instead? A: Sure you can. It will not taste salty  Q: Should I add a bit more of MSG then, or will that mess up the food chemistry? A: When trying, make sure that you are using very small quantities. Measure in knifetips, not in teaspoons, add one at the time and stir well. You can easily overdo it  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Will MSG affect the food texture at all ?
Output: No
CONTEXT: To get ground seeds I usually pound the whole pods once or twice in a mortar. The seeds should separate from the husk easily then. Remove the entire pod from the mortar, and grind the seeds.Is this recipe for a marinade? You might get away with just crushing the pods, not separating the husk and seeds.  <sep>  Q: Recipe asks for 15 cardamom pods, crushed...do I keep the shells?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: Fat doesn't spoil like other foods. No bacteria can live in fat. Going rancid is a chemical reaction in which the fat molecules break down. So "leaving out" is not a problem. The major factors in going rancid are light and air. The more light hits your fat, the sooner it goes rancid. Also, rancidity occurs when the fat is oxidized, meaning that if you prevent contact with air, your fat will last longer. Both factors are minimized by transferring the fat to a tightly closed opaque container. With liquid oils, you use a dark colored bottle. As bottles are impractical for solid fat, just strain your grease into a jar, close it, and put it in a cupboard. The shelf life should be many months, probably more than a year. Also, don't worry that you can get something nasty when the grease goes bad unnoticed. Rancid fat isn't a big safety risk, and ingesting it in small amounts is not problematic. If it stinks, throw it out. Before that, there is no problem eating it. The above assumes pure, well-strained fat. Pieces of fried meat left over in the fat are a safety risk, even tiny ones.  <sep>  Q: How long does grease take to go bad/rancid when sitting out? A: The shelf life should be many months, probably more than a year  Q: is that true for all types of grease? for example is it different for bacon grease versus ground beef grease? A: The above assumes pure, well-strained fat. Pieces of fried meat left over in the fat are a safety risk, even tiny ones  Q: will it develop a different taste or add a strange taste to foods over time? A: If it stinks, throw it out. Before that, there is no problem eating it  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: How long till it is unsafe or smells off with bits of meat left in it?
Output: No
CONTEXT: I haven't seen your recipe, but from looking at others, steamed pudding takes on the order of a couple hours of steaming. Doing it in the oven won't be any faster or less boring than steaming it - it may even be slower, since heat transfer from steam is pretty efficient. 45 minutes at 120Â°C would probably leave it undercooked, and if you cook at a higher temperature, you'll be missing the point - steaming for a long time lets it cook slowly and more evenly. You could work out how to cook it hotter and faster, but it wouldn't be a steamed pudding anymore, it'd be a "normal" pudding.If you want to do it in the oven, you should use a water bath to keep it from getting too hot - put the vessel with the pudding into a larger vessel, and add water to come most of the way up the sides of the pudding. Then you can increase the temperature of the oven, perhaps to 150-175Â°C, without overheating the pudding. But I doubt you'll be able to get the cooking time very much less than the original cooking time with steam without significantly changing the results.Finally (thanks Elendil), steaming helps keep the pudding moist, and an oven even with a water bath is not a terribly humid environment, so it might still be drier than desired. Covering tightly, and possibly adding a tiny bit more liquid, might help with that.  <sep>  Q: Is it okay to bake caramel pudding rather than steaming it? A: steaming helps keep the pudding moist, and an oven even with a water bath is not a terribly humid  Q: What if i put a pan of water in the oven? A: adding a tiny bit more liquid, might help with that  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: What temperature do you recommend?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: I believe that I have made some of those conflicting comments.It is definitely possible to make an excellent pan gravy with the drippings from a brined turkey.It is also really easy to have the gravy turn out inedibly salty if you aren't careful.Make sure you follow the brining recipe. Don't have too high a concentration of salt and don't brine for too long. Rinse off the bird, inside and out, before roasting.I have also read, from reliable sources such as Harold McGee, that gravy is impossible. My own experience would suggest otherwise.  <sep>  Q: Can you make pan gravy if the turkey was brined? A: It is definitely possible to make an excellent pan gravy with the drippings from a brined turkey  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: DO you think the result could be salty?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: My understanding is that what many people call white chili would be considered a green chile stew in a place like New Mexico. It's not red in color because it doesn't have any significant amount of dried red chile in it--it gets whatever heat and chile flavor it has from green chile, which doesn't color the stew significantly.As to defining chili, I think you could work on a definition forever. Apart from the notion that a chile is the pepper, which is the main ingredient, and chili is the dish, I don't like to define it too carefully (of course, New Mexicans think the dish is chile too, but what they have is different from Texas chili, even when they use red chiles). I think chili is a stew, though. Most stew isn't chili, but all chili is stew. And I believe that for most people to accept what you're making as chili, it would have to include a significant dose of dried red chile powder.So if you can accept the validity of white chili at all, and what you're making has almost all green chiles and very little red chile, then I'd say you're making a white chili. Or a green chile stew--which would be my preferential term in this case.  <sep>  Q: What makes white chili white? A: it doesn't have any significant amount of dried red chile in it  Q: What ingredients oes white chili lack that is normally in regular chili? A: a significant dose of dried red chile powder  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: If I substitute broth for tomatoes, wouold it still qualify as chili?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: The term is not really defined that way. In the strict sense, it only has meaning for lean doughs - made of only flour, water, yeast and salt, eventually preferments or later mixins like seeds. You can extend it to enriched doughs (those that have fat, milk, eggs, tomato juice, etc.) but then it is no longer sharply defined. Calculating the exact content of water (e.g. adding to the calculation 17 g of water for every 100 g of butter) are pretty useless, because the water bound in an emulsion or other kind of colloid doesn't behave the same way as free water when making a dough. So, a dough with 100 g water and 100 g butter will be extremely different from a dough with 117 g of water, and still pretty different from one with 117 g of water and 83 g of oil. So, there is no real formula any more to create an actual percentage. The concept still stays somewhat useful in this case, but you have to "play it by ear". When you are trying to judge how soft a given enriched dough will be, you can start by calculating all the liquid and fat ingredients as if they were "hydration", which gives you a rough guide to compare it to other doughs, and then you have to make it and gain a tactile understanding of how it actually behaves.  <sep>  Q: What counts as "hydration" when figuring Dough Hydration? A: The term is not really defined that way. In the strict sense, it only has meaning for lean doughs - made of only flour, water, yeast and salt  Q: do we count things like sour cream, butter, milk, eggs? A: the water bound in an emulsion or other kind of colloid doesn't behave the same way as free water when making a dough  Q: Do we count just water/liquid? A: for lean doughs  Q: Does anything else factor in to the hydration of the dough? A: there is no real formula any more to create an actual percentage  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Are there any exact formulas when it comes to baking?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: I've never juiced a pineapple, but I have done a watermelon and I've had some success with a food processor and a cheese cloth. I'd remove the core of the pineapple, because I don't think there's much juice in it. Remove the skin as well. Then run the pineapple through the food processor and pour all of the contents into a cheese cloth over a bowl. Squeeze all the juice you can out of whatever's in the cheese cloth. If you don't have a food processor, you can maybe use a cheese grater or potato masher instead.  <sep>  Q: What is the Best way to juice a pineapple? A: I'd remove the core of the pineapple, because I don't think there's much juice in it. Remove the skin as well  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: What is the easiest way to remove the skin?###And is there a tool for removing the core?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: Chicken fat is what you want, and--this is important--no cream or milk. Use chicken fat to make a roux, and then chicken stock. This will get you a yellowish colour.For extra bonus points, make your pastry with schmaltz as well. They do this at the gourmet supermarket down the road, and their chicken pot pies fly off the shelves.  <sep>  Q: How do you get a nice yellow gravy color when making a chicken pot pie? A: Use chicken fat to make a roux, and then chicken stock. This will get you a yellowish colour  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: So it is made using natural ingredients?
Output: No
CONTEXT: There is some difference between the flavor, but seeing as there are so many other predominant flavors in Worcestershire sauce and that fact that you're (hopefully) not drinking it straight, it's fairly insignificant. It's very common for one product produced in different countries to have a range of manufacturing differences, sometimes arbitrary, sometimes to suit the local palate, and sometimes because of costs, hence people calling American Lea & Perrins a "knockoff."I've had both, and can assure you that once you've mixed it into a casserole or marinade you won't really miss anything. If you're striving for needlessly authentic British flavor you could always add a little malt vinegar to whatever you're cooking!  <sep>  Q: Is there a difference between US Worcestershire sauce and UK Worcestershire sauce? A: There is some difference between the flavor, but seeing as there are so many other predominant flavors in Worcestershire sauce  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Do you have any other suggestions?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: Personally I'd suggest blanching your pasta. By blanching:I mean get a big pan of heavily salted water on a rolling boil. Drop your pasta into the water, give it a stir.After 1 min or when the water has come back to boil drain the pasta off.At this point your pasta will still be el' dante but not raw which is what I suspect the directions are suggesting when they say "2 min less than instructed" then just use it at the mixing with sour cream step.If you were to just use the pasta freshly made it will likely not have the texture desired. Boiling it will help moisten it up and start to cook the flour.  <sep>  Q: Is using homemade pasta instead of dried in a bake recommended? A: it will likely not have the texture desired  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Will the noodles be too soft?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: They're good pretty much forever. There is not enough available water for things to grow in there. Mind you, the more aromatic and subtle parts of the flavor will dissipate over time. The sugar absorbs water, giving the combination a very low water activity, meaning there's little water available for microorganisms to use in growth. As long as your flavoring pieces are small and well mixed with sugar they will not spoil.  <sep>  Q: How long is sugar (mixed with minor ingredients) good for? A: They're good pretty much forever. There is not enough available water for things to grow in there  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: I mixed them over a year ago, would it still be good?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: Yes, it would taste different-Sugar chrystals are made of sucrose saccharose(glucose combined with fructose), if you boil sugar with an acid (milk is slightly acidic[ph 6.5-7]) your sugar splits into its monomers-fructose and glucose(invert-sugar). Fructose fits into your taste receptors better than sucrose or fructose causing it to taste sweeter(1.73 x sweeter).  <sep>  Q: Hello! I was wondering if sugar is better to put in tea after boiling it? I am from Punjab and am not used to this method. A: Sugar chrystals are made of sucrose saccharose(glucose combined with fructose  Q: Do you have any information at all on what happens when sugar is added to tea while boiling or after boiling? A: if you boil sugar with an acid (milk is slightly acidic[ph 6.5-7]) your sugar splits into its monomers-fructose and glucose(invert-sugar  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Will the sugar do this both when its put in tea while boiling and after boiling?
Output: No
CONTEXT: Watt specifies the power of the device.Power is defined as energy per unit time. So watt is how quickly your device consumes energy.If it is an efficient device it will convert more of consumed electricity into heat. So given two equally efficient devices the higher watt one will produce more heat faster and can therefore cook faster than the less watt one.And the third part of your question has already been answered above. Yes, higher watt device will consume more electric power.  <sep>  Q: what does watt specify in induction stove A: Watt specifies the power of the device  Q: Does a higher watt induction stove implies that the cooking will be faster? A: So given two equally efficient devices the higher watt one will produce more heat faster and can therefore cook faster than the less watt one  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Is electricity consumption of higher watt induction stove higher?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: Caffeine is bitter, tea isn't too bitter because as you mentioned it's only got 40mg of caffeine. If you then triple the amount in there it's going to taste that way. Try adding 3 tea bags to your cup and I'm certain it'll taste just as bitter.Energy drinks have copious amounts of sweeteners added hence why they don't taste like caffeine. If you are hell bent on more caffeine without the associated bitterness but not adding sugar maybe a sweetener like stevia would be the way forward...  <sep>  Q: Why does caffeine taste bitter when added to tea?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: In a cookbook that old, the sour cream referenced is probably a home-fermented variety, used as a preservation method in the days before widespread home refrigeration. You can still do this with the appropriate bacterial cultures, but most of us now buy our sour cream at the store instead. That product is similar, but made in much larger batches with a highly standardized, refined bacterial culture, producing a product with a predictable sourness and texture. Home-cultured versions are more variable, but they use similar processes on a much smaller scale.Whether you want to call this the "same" is partly a linguistic distinction that depends on how much you want to consider the differences in scale and equipment between pre-refrigeration and modern methods.In contrast, the addition of something sour to cream is really a substitute, used when you don't have a proper sour cream available. A cook back in the 1890s could use the same substitution then as we might today. But the production of sour cream (and all sorts of fermented milk products, such as yogurt and kefir) is much older than that, and there would have been some variety of "traditional" sour cream available, though not universally or year-round in the days before mechanized food distribution systems.  <sep>  Q: Is sour cream in olde recipes the same as sour cream today? A: the sour cream referenced is probably a home-fermented variety, used as a preservation method in the days before widespread home refrigeration  Q: How would I make a home-fermented variety of sour cream? A: You can still do this with the appropriate bacterial cultures, but most of us now buy our sour cream at the store instead  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Can you recommend some good recipes for using sour cream?
Output: No
CONTEXT: The short answer is yes, you can. We keep a wide variety of cheeses on hand. Quesadilla or Chihuahua Mexican cheeses are a great substitute for Mozzarella or Provolone cheese. The have a light flavor and work well with Italian foods. We always have these on hand, but they are not always easy to find in some areas. I often substitute simply because, while I might have the intended cheese on hand, there may be some that I need to use sooner than others depending on how long I've had them or how long they've been open. With mild cheeses, you don't have to worry about the flavor profile so much - it's more the melting. And the cheeses I mentioned melt well - just like Mozzarella or Provolone.And to let you know, the reason I tried the other cheeses: I asked in a Mexican restaurant what kind of cheese they used and was told that it was "like American Mozzarella". So, I decided to experiment.All said and done, all of these cheeses have a mild flavor and work in many dishes, regardless of the ethnicity. What you do want to stay away from are cheeses that don't melt well and are designed to keep their shape and texture under heat. One example would be quest fresco.  <sep>  Q: Mexican cheeses on otherwise Italian pizza A: The short answer is yes, you can. We keep a wide variety of cheeses on hand. Quesadilla or Chihuahua Mexican cheeses are a great substitute for Mozzarella or Provolone cheese  Q: Does a Mexican cheese change the flavour very much? A: With mild cheeses, you don't have to worry about the flavor profile so much - it's more the melting. And the cheeses I mentioned melt well - just like Mozzarella or Provolone  Q: can you recommend a mix of cheeses? A: Quesadilla or Chihuahua Mexican cheeses are a great substitute for Mozzarella or Provolone cheese  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: what herbs would you recommend with them?
Output: No
CONTEXT: Fat doesn't spoil like other foods. No bacteria can live in fat. Going rancid is a chemical reaction in which the fat molecules break down. So "leaving out" is not a problem. The major factors in going rancid are light and air. The more light hits your fat, the sooner it goes rancid. Also, rancidity occurs when the fat is oxidized, meaning that if you prevent contact with air, your fat will last longer. Both factors are minimized by transferring the fat to a tightly closed opaque container. With liquid oils, you use a dark colored bottle. As bottles are impractical for solid fat, just strain your grease into a jar, close it, and put it in a cupboard. The shelf life should be many months, probably more than a year. Also, don't worry that you can get something nasty when the grease goes bad unnoticed. Rancid fat isn't a big safety risk, and ingesting it in small amounts is not problematic. If it stinks, throw it out. Before that, there is no problem eating it. The above assumes pure, well-strained fat. Pieces of fried meat left over in the fat are a safety risk, even tiny ones.  <sep>  Q: How long does grease take to go bad/rancid when sitting out? A: The shelf life should be many months, probably more than a year  Q: is that true for all types of grease? for example is it different for bacon grease versus ground beef grease? A: The above assumes pure, well-strained fat. Pieces of fried meat left over in the fat are a safety risk, even tiny ones  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: So, it is the meat particles in the fat that can make it go rancid not the actual fat itself, should I sieve it before storing it?
Output: No
CONTEXT: I usually don't buy crumbled tofu, but since you have that, I would suggest making tofu burgers. Add another hearty ingredient, like lightly roasted finely chopped walnuts, or baked eggplant cubes. Combine with chopped onions, garlic, grated carrots, and breadcrumbs. Bind with beaten egg. Season with your choice of herbs or spices, such as thyme, oregano, basil. Form into patties, fry lightly in olive oil and sprinkle with tamari (or soy sauce) until both sides are browned. Bake until fully cooked in the oven at 375 degrees. Serve on a bun just like a beef patty.  <sep>  Q: What can I do with crumbles of uncooked tofu ?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: If you live in Poland, you should easily find the "normal" white ones in your supermarket. They should be good for baked beans, although the British version uses white beans that are a bit smaller. For more American style beans, you could also use the pinkish-brown or spotted type.There are so many types of beans, that I can't give a specific "name". Stick with the smaller ones, as they have less starchy parts and usually keep their shape better.  <sep>  Q: What bean species are best for baked beans? A: There are so many types of beans, that I can't give a specific "name". Stick with the smaller ones, as they have less starchy parts and usually keep their shape better  Q: Can you give me maybe 2 or 3 specific types? A: If you live in Poland, you should easily find the "normal" white ones in your supermarket. They should be good for baked beans, although the British version uses white beans that are a bit smaller  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Are they the best for using in a slowcooker?
Output: No
CONTEXT: I'd say freeze nearly all of them uncooked and bake when ready. That way they go through only one cooking and maintain the fresh lasagna taste/feel.The sauce and and the cheese will freeze ok. Mozzarella is a pretty sensitive cheese and once it's been baked, it's not going to hold as well when thawed and re-warmed. In my experience it gets gummy and the fat runs off. You have much better chance of enjoying a good meal with the cheese frozen raw.Unfortunately, your noodles will likely take the hardest hit, but will likely fare better than going through two heat cycles.The ground beef and sausage will also fare better that way.The reason I suggested freezing MOST and not all, is that there are times when you're behind the 8-ball, hungry, and don't have the time to bake the sucker, and even ponder settling for dog-food. At that point having a silver bullet in the freezer is a bonus ;) and you'll be ok with inferior lasagna.  <sep>  Q: Should homemade lasagna be frozen cooked or uncooked? A: I'd say freeze nearly all of them uncooked and bake when ready  Q: Does it matter if you are using frozen veggies? A: it's been baked, it's not going to hold as well when thawed and re-warmed  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Does it mater what type of cheese you use?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: In my experience, rice can be cooked in any pot. I cook quite a lot of Japanese style dishes, and as far as I can tell the rice is cooked in the same way as any other.For myself, I've done it in good "induction-able" steel pots, as well as huge (navy galley) aluminium pots, and a couple of low-quality stainless steel things too. They're all fine.Normally, as soon as the pot is at/near boiling, turn the heat down to a low setting and leave it in the pot until it's ready. Then take it off the heat, but leave it covered (don't peek) for another five minutes.Generally, once you've added the water, you put the lid on. You only start the timer when it's boiled and you turn it down, though. That's probably why a glass lid is better, so you can see the boiling. It's not critical to the process, though.  <sep>  Q: Do I need a specific pot to cook Japanese-style rice? A: In my experience, rice can be cooked in any pot. I cook quite a lot of Japanese style dishes, and as far as I can tell the rice is cooked in the same way as any other  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Do you suggest a certain method?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: If your chicken burns, the issue is likely not that you cooked it too long, but that you cooked it too hot. How long to cook it depends on the total amount of meat, the size of pieces that it is in (anything from bite sizes pieces for a stir fry up to an entire chicken), and how you're cooking it - oven, saute pan, braising ...Roasting in the oven or braising in a stew are generally the most ignorable techniques - if you overcook a roast it may dry out, but won't burn, and if you overcook a stew the meat (especially chicken) may dissolve into shreds but burning is less likely.Since undercooked chicken can be unsafe, you should choose cooking techniques that are sure to fully cook the chicken without burning it.  <sep>  Q: How long should I cook chicken for best results? A: How long to cook it depends on the total amount of meat, the size of pieces that it is in (anything from bite sizes pieces for a stir fry up to an entire chicken), and how you're cooking it  Q: Do you have any advice on cooking methods? A: Roasting in the oven or braising in a stew  Q: Do you have any other advice on cooking chicken? A: Since undercooked chicken can be unsafe, you should choose cooking techniques that are sure to fully cook the chicken without burning it  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: What are the safety concerns of undercooked chicken?
Output: No
CONTEXT: As the bacon cooks the meat reduces in size faster than the fat does. Since they are cut into strips this causes the fat to bunch up or even coil if the bacon isn't flipped enough.The fat will eventually reduce as well when it renders but not enough to straighten out the poor bacon.  <sep>  Q: Why does bacon curl? A: As the bacon cooks the meat reduces in size faster than the fat does  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Is there a way to slow the process down?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: Poaching is a gentle process - the milk isn't boiling so there is no risk of it burning or the like. It will of course not spoil in the sense of it going off, that's a totally different process.Fresh milk is better because, well, it's fresh. Powdered milk would probably work, but if you have fresh, use that.  <sep>  Q: can you poach fish in milk? A:   Q: does is spoil has it heats? A: It will of course not spoil  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: can i use powdered milk if I don't have regular milk?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: While using a hot oven and keeping the tin hot while filling are both critical elements, equal concern needs to be taken with making sure that your batter is at room temperature.If the eggs and milk aren't room temp to even slightly warm, then it will take a significant amount of heat to simply warm the batter in the pan before significant steam can build for their expansion.You can warm eggs quickly by placing the whole egg (in shell) in a bowl and covering with hot water from the tap. Let it sit for 5-10 minutes and you'll have room temperature/warm egg. Milk can simply be microwaved to warm only slightly or you'll cook the eggs.You might also try using bread flour. Here in the south all-purpose flour has a lower gluten content than most other all-purpose flour in the US and it's also bleached to weaken the gluten content that's there. I've recommended to guests of mine that have had issues with popovers not rising that they try bread flour and I've heard positive responses following the use of bread flour. Bread flour will also have a bit more flavor and produce more browning from the additional protein.  <sep>  Q: How do you make Yorkshire Puddings rise reliably? A: If the eggs and milk aren't room temp to even slightly warm  Q: Why do they need to be warm? A: it will take a significant amount of heat to simply warm the batter in the pan before significant steam can build for their expansion  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Do I need a special pan to bake them in?
Output: No
CONTEXT: Foor food safety, the recommendation means that the coolest part of the meat should reach the target temperature. For something like a beef or pork roast, the coolest point will be generally in the very center of the roast. For chicken or turkey, it will often be where the leg joins the body. You may need to probe more than one more place to find the coolest reading.Now, because the meat surrounding that coolest point is at a higher temperature, the meat will continue to cook after it is removed from the oven. How much of an increase will depend on how big the roast is. In other words, a large roast will have a greater thermal mass â more meat towards the outside will be at a higher temperature, and the heat will transfer into the coolest point, raising its ultimate temperature.So, the practical answer to your question is that you need to anticipate when the target temperature will be attained. To err on the side of food safety, keep the meat in the oven until it reaches or is very close to the target temperature. With a little experience, you'll be able to gauge how much of a temperature increase occurs with various roasts, and remove it from the oven earlier.The bottom line however, is that the roast needs to ultimately reach the target temperature.  <sep>  Q: When should the temperature of meat be taken? A: the practical answer to your question is that you need to anticipate when the target temperature will be attained  Q: When a recipe or safety recommendation calls for a specific temperature, in what "stage" of the meat preparation should it be taken? A: With a little experience, you'll be able to gauge how much of a temperature increase occurs with various roasts, and remove it from the oven earlier  Q: Should you test the meat while it is still in the pan? A: The bottom line however, is that the roast needs to ultimately reach the target temperature  Q: Does it matter if you take it after it has rested a while? A: The bottom line however, is that the roast needs to ultimately reach the target temperature  Q: What is a goo target temperature for beef? A: For something like a beef or pork roast, the coolest point will be generally in the very center of the roast  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Is there a temperature to aim for for pork?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: Personally the only way I've ever achieved a good suspension of vanilla in my BrÃ»lÃ©e's is by cooking the custard over a bain-marie until thick and... custard like. Once it's nice and thick I'll then pour it into my molds and then bake them for 10-15 min at around 110Â°c just to finish off. Be very careful not to over cook them the last thing you want, after all that stirring over the bain-marie, is curdled eggs. The extra thickness of your custard helps stop the vanilla seeds sinking to the bottom. However, you will still get a little sink-age.The trick for Pannacotta, is to stir them as they begin to set. Or to whip them after they have set and then stick them back in their molds and chill again. This also helps make your Pannacotta lighter and aerated.  <sep>  Q: Is there a way to forestall vanilla bean marrow falling to bottom of crÃ¨me? A: Personally the only way I've ever achieved a good suspension of vanilla in my BrÃ»lÃ©e's is by cooking the custard over a bain-marie until thick and... custard like  Q: What do you do next after that? A: Once it's nice and thick I'll then pour it into my molds and then bake them for 10-15 min at around 110Â°c just to finish off  Q: Is there anything I should watch out for when doing this? A: Be very careful not to over cook them the last thing you want, after all that stirring over the bain-marie, is curdled eggs  Q: What will the extra thickness do in this case? A: The extra thickness of your custard helps stop the vanilla seeds sinking to the bottom  Q: What do I do in cases of making a panna cotta? A: The trick for Pannacotta, is to stir them as they begin to set  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Is there anything else I can do in cases of making a Pannacotta?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: English toffee is very chewy - the kind of stuff that glues your teeth together! Once it has been cooked and set, it's not easy to handle and wouldn't be easy to chop up for a cookie recipe. You'd possibly be better off with some kind of fudge which is easier to handle but will still hold its shape in a cookie.  <sep>  Q: hELLO###How can I substitute English Toffee in cookies?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: To get ground seeds I usually pound the whole pods once or twice in a mortar. The seeds should separate from the husk easily then. Remove the entire pod from the mortar, and grind the seeds.Is this recipe for a marinade? You might get away with just crushing the pods, not separating the husk and seeds.  <sep>  Q: Recipe asks for "15 cardamom pods, crushed". Do I keep the shells? A: Is this recipe for a marinade? You might get away with just crushing the pods, not separating the husk and seeds  Q: What do I do with the husk and seeds?###Do I need to use a lot of force? A: I usually pound the whole pods once or twice  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Are there other spices I can use?
Output: No
CONTEXT: Without forensics it's hard to tell exactly what happened.However, one possible explanation is sunlight. If the watermelon was in the sun at all, even just a little part of it, that tends to accelerate the growth of all sorts of things.Another possibility is that it was just past its date. There isn't really a way to tell if this is near or not without chemical analysis.In watermelon country (I live near an ancient greek watermelon port) watermelon is generally refrigerated. This is partially because we find it tastier when it's cold, and partially because room temperature easily goes above 30, and even above 34-5 on certain days.  <sep>  Q: Cause of watermelon rind rotting? A: one possible explanation is sunlight  Q: I left it on the kitchen table but it was out of the light. Any other reasons? A: Another possibility is that it was just past its date  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: What about the temperature of the room?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: In general the FDA recommends that you consume leftovers within 3-5 days (See their website for specific foods). In this case, I don't think the garlic is what's holding you back.While garlic and herb infused oils do present some botulism risk, I think what they are getting at is the can of preserved garlic you've had in the fridge for 9 months.  <sep>  Q: How long does cooked garlic keep in fridge? A: In general the FDA recommends that you consume leftovers within 3-5 days (See their website for specific foods  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Could I freeze it for longer?
Output: No
CONTEXT: I make bacon and other cured meats frequently. I find that the amount of liquid released from pork belly varies. That is not a useful measure of how the cure is proceeding. Bacon, in particular, is usually cooked after the cure, so I don't worry too much. I use the salt-box method, coat the belly in cure mixture, place in large zip lock, place in container slightly larger than belly and put in fridge. Flip every day or so for a week. What I look for next is a firming up of the belly. I pinch it. If it has firmed up after a week, I move on to hot smoking (or you could use your oven). If it still feels soft, I give it another day or two.  <sep>  Q: how much juice should come out when curing pork belly for bacon? A: I make bacon and other cured meats frequently. I find that the amount of liquid released from pork belly varies  Q: How will i know if the pork belly is curing properly? A: That is not a useful measure of how the cure is proceeding. Bacon, in particular, is usually cooked after the cure, so I don't worry too much  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: How much salt should i use?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: Firstly, it strikes me as odd that your recipe has no raising agent - no baking powder, no bicarbonate/baking soda, no self-raising flour. Unless you're whipping a lot of air into the batter, the cakes will barely rise, and you will end up with 'cookies'.I would add 2 teaspoons of baking powder and 1/4 teaspoon of bicarbonate of soda (baking soda) and see if that helps.As for the temperature of your oven, I wouldn't go so far as to halve the temperature and double the time. The idea is that you need enough heat for the cakes to rise at a decent rate then form a crust on the outside. 100 degrees will do little but slowly dry the cakes out.Domestic ovens are rarely well calibrated, so your oven may be running hotter than the dial indicates. Invest in an oven thermometer to make sure you are setting the temperature correctly: I have had an oven run 40 degrees hotter than the dial said before now!If you haven't got the time to get a thermometer, try setting the oven about 20 degrees cooler on the dial, to around 180 degrees.  <sep>  Q: What temperature and time should I use for a cupcake recipe? A: try setting the oven about 20 degrees cooler on the dial, to around 180 degrees  Q: The problem is that the cake burns on the outside, and then the inside is not completely done how do I prevent this? A: Domestic ovens are rarely well calibrated, so your oven may be running hotter than the dial indicates. Invest in an oven thermometer  Q: what is some good advice for baking cupcakes perfectly? A: The idea is that you need enough heat for the cakes to rise at a decent rate then form a crust on the outside  Q: what is the best way to get well balanced baking results? A: Unless you're whipping a lot of air into the batter, the cakes will barely rise, and you will end up with 'cookies  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: what is the best cooking time?
Output: No
CONTEXT: Chocolate is an odd substance when it comes to melting and hardening. When chocolate hardens, its melting point will end up being just a few degrees higher than the hardening temperature.When chocolate crystallizes at high temperatures, it forms a strong, dense crystalline structure that, texture-wise, is quite brittle. Most bought chocolate (baker's chocolate and chips) is already tempered, but when you melt it, you break down that crystalline structure, and if you harden it at room temperature then it ends up forming very weak crystals that will melt in your hand.If you use a special coating chocolate (couverture or the lower-quality compound chocolate) then you don't need to worry so much about tempering (although it's still a good idea), but if you use ordinary chocolate and don't temper it then your coating will end up being messy and wet and rub off on your hands while you eat it. It might even melt while stored.Tempering is the key to making a room-temperature-stable chocolate coating. If you don't do this, you'll need to keep your pastries refrigerated until they're ready to consume.  <sep>  Q: What is the purpose of tempering chocolate? A: Tempering is the key to making a room-temperature-stable chocolate coating  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: How do you temper chocolate?
Output: No
CONTEXT: There are arguments of the universal validity of such rules, but there has long been an argument that reheated meat that was pre-cooked should always be brought to full safe temperature.The general idea is that cooked or not there is bacteria present. If heated to only the 100-120F range, you have reached the temperature of highest active growth of many pathogens, without killing them. Some will argue that this is safe, as long as you eat the item immediately, not let it sit and give time for that bacterial growth to bloom. I would even put credence to this for items which I knew the preparation and handling history, but for prefab type foods, like ground meats and especially poultry, I personally would be reluctant to take risks, I would bring it to temp. There also has always been disclaimers that the reheating to temp rule only applies to if you reheat at all, for instance, medium rare roast beef is often eaten cold as leftover, but the rule stated if you reheat, the reheat to what would have originally be considered a safe temperature, not part way. With something like a prepped burger, again, I personally would not eat it cold, and just thawing it might put you into an unknown zone. I would heat it.  <sep>  Q: How can I cook chicken burger? A: for prefab type foods, like ground meats and especially poultry, I personally would be reluctant to take risks, I would bring it to temp  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: What can i do to achieve certain internal temperature when it is stated on the label?
Output: No
CONTEXT: The raspberries should work if you strain them thoroughly and fold them in very carefully so they don't break apart. Adding the liquid to the cheesecake will noticeably alter the texture, probably making it mushy; note that there aren't any water based ingredients in the recipe which you could substitute raspberry syrup for. I wouldn't recommend it. If you wanted to add raspberry flavor to a cheesecake, your best bet would be a raspberry pastry flavoring oil. If you didn't want to waste that liquid (and why would you,) just drizzle it on top of each slice as you serve it.  <sep>  Q: Can i substitute frozen berries when the cheesecake calls for fresh? A: The raspberries should work if you strain them thoroughly and fold them in very carefully so they don't break apart  Q: What about the extra liquid in the frozen ones? A: Adding the liquid to the cheesecake will noticeably alter the texture, probably making it mushy  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: So, if I wanted to add berry juice to add more berry flavor (and a nice color) would that work?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: The old thin utensils were made of Nylon.The reasons they are hard to find is that traditional Nylon is difficult to manufacture within food standard guidelines for PAA (Primary Aromatic Amines) migration, and does not bio-degrade or burn safely. For relevant references, your local government health department will have papers on PAA migration.Given that, many utensil manufactures have moved on to other plastics, mostly silicone. Though some use PA66 (Nylon 6,6), which is that thick chunky black plastic stuff.Try wooden spatulas. They are simple, clean, disposable, and you can get them in thin wedge shapes (e.g. at Asian supply shops).  <sep>  Q: Where did the thin, smooth plastic spatulas go?###20 years ago, the most common type of rigid spatula (or "turner") was smooth, thin (as in 3mm or less with a sharp edge), and generally made of nylon.### These spatulas were not very durable (leading edges tended to melt), but they were very very good for making eggs and other delicate non-stick-pan dishes. A: they are hard to find is that traditional Nylon is difficult to manufacture within food standard guidelines for PAA (Primary Aromatic Amines) migration, and does not bio-degrade or burn safely  Q: Why did manufacturers stop making thin, smooth plastic turner spatulas? A: The old thin utensils were made of Nylon  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: okay. Thank you
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: I'm going with an electric slicer. The item I envisioned does not exist.Update: The housemates are happy now. They're computer geeks and love gadgets. They can now slice up their own ham and turkey to their hearts' content.The slicer takes up space, but will pay for itself in a few months. We were getting deli slices for $8 - $10 per pound. Now I can get frozen turkey breast for ~ $3 - $4 per pound, roast, slice, and freeze the excess for future weeks. ;~)  <sep>  Q: Is there a manual meat slicer that can help with thin even slices?
Output: No
CONTEXT: Advance warning: I haven't tried this.It seems that you don't want to remove the ovaries because that would affect the shape, but you do want to remove the capsaicin from them. It's soluble in fat and alcohol, so you could try making a small hole in the bottom and pumping a light vegetable oil or vodka through from the other end using a syringe. Obviously you're likely to end up with some solvent trapped inside, and you might also wash away some of the flavours you're trying to preserve, so experimentation would be necessary.  <sep>  Q: toning down the fresh chilli picquancy###I like to use green finger chillies in my curries more for the flavour than for the heat, but in order for me to be able to cook out the rawness of the chillies, I end up with the chillies all "melted" in the pan, looking more like leaves, i.e they lose shape. A: It seems that you don't want to remove the ovaries because that would affect the shape, but you do want to remove the capsaicin from them  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: I see###any other tips for me?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: Flat-leaf (also called Italian Parsley) and curly parsley can be used interchangeably but most chefs prefer flat leaf as it usually has a more distinct taste. That is going to be up to you and your preference. Curly parsley provides a more unique and visually interesting look when you're talking about garnishes but putting a sprig of parsley on a plate is what would be called a "non-functional" garnish. Aside from adding a bit of green it serves no purpose as very few people I know will pop it in their mouth and eat it. You're better to sprinkle with chopped parsley or herbs that can help enhance/accent the flavor.Curly parsley is also visually appealing used in a parsley salad due again to the ruffled edges.I usually use flat-leaf if available, then curly if flat-leaf isn't available. Under no circumstances (except if you just need a touch of green dust) do I recommend using dried parsley. Clippings from the underside of yor lawn-mower probably have more flavor. Same goes for dried chives.  <sep>  Q: Parsley: flat-leaf or curly?###How do I know when to use flat-leaf or curly-leaf parsley? A: Flat-leaf (also called Italian Parsley) and curly parsley can be used interchangeably  Q: How do i use them for recipes? ###And how can I use it as a garnish? A: when you're talking about garnishes but putting a sprig of parsley on a plate is what would be called a "non-functional" garnish  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: how can i use the parsley as an ingredient?
Output: Yes
CONTEXT: They're commonly called squash blossoms in English - as you might guess, this is because it doesn't matter too much what kind of squash they're from. They'll most commonly be from smaller summer squash plants (e.g. zucchini) though, since they produce many small squash instead of a few large squash (like pumpkins), so you can get more blossoms for your trouble.  <sep>  Q: What variety of squash produces "flor de calabaza"? A: this is because it doesn't matter too much what kind of squash they're from  Q: How would I use it in a soup? Is there a specific cooking method? A: They'll most commonly be from smaller summer squash plants (e.g. zucchini  <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Should summer squash plants be cut to a particular size when using them for soups?
Output: No