niryuu/sni-each-converted huggingface dataset:
CONTEXT: It's typically a problem with large pockets of air in the dough before you bake it.For the cinnamon swirl bread, try to make sure that you're not getting air trapped when rolling it. For other loaves, you want to make sure to punch it down well after the first rise, and make sure you aren't trapping air in it if you're doing a stretch and fold when shaping it.  <sep>  Q: What causes gaps/holes in homemade bread? A: large pockets of air in the dough before you bake it  Q: How can I avoid them? A: try to make sure that you're not getting air trapped when rolling it  Q: How about with like cinnamon bread, it always leaves a big hole? A: For the cinnamon swirl bread, try to make sure that you're not getting air trapped when rolling it  Q: What else should I know? A: For other loaves, you want to make sure to punch it down well after the first rise, and make sure you aren't trapping air in it if you're doing a stretch and fold when shaping it 
Output: Is there anything else?
CONTEXT: I'm not sure about the texture (looseness), especially since those are two different methods. My best guess would be that it's just a flour measurement thing - moisture content in flour can vary, so the best thing to do is look for hints in the recipe about the desired texture (like "It should tear slightly as it falls from the beater"), and increase or decrease the flour to match.The primary flavors here are salt and chicken, so first just check the amount of salt in both dumplings and broth. For the chicken, you're getting all the flavor out of it by making broth. So make sure you used enough chicken (and not too much water), and that you cooked it long enough. Those recipes use a pressure cooker - if you don't have one, it takes way longer to cook, of course.  <sep>  Q: Looking for Chicken & Dumplings pointers A: The primary flavors here are salt and chicken 
Output: Why do many people find Chicken & Dumplings as their favorite dishes?
CONTEXT: I'm not sure about the texture (looseness), especially since those are two different methods. My best guess would be that it's just a flour measurement thing - moisture content in flour can vary, so the best thing to do is look for hints in the recipe about the desired texture (like "It should tear slightly as it falls from the beater"), and increase or decrease the flour to match.The primary flavors here are salt and chicken, so first just check the amount of salt in both dumplings and broth. For the chicken, you're getting all the flavor out of it by making broth. So make sure you used enough chicken (and not too much water), and that you cooked it long enough. Those recipes use a pressure cooker - if you don't have one, it takes way longer to cook, of course.  <sep>  Q: I'm looking for Chicken & Dumplings pointers A: The primary flavors here are salt and chicken, so first just check the amount of salt in both dumplings and broth. For the chicken, you're getting all the flavor out of it by making broth  Q: Mine always end up bland and too loose. A: I'm not sure about the texture (looseness), especially since those are two different methods  Q: How would you fix the bland issue? A: The primary flavors here are salt and chicken, so first just check the amount of salt in both dumplings and broth  Q: And how would I make them not so loose? A: the best thing to do is look for hints in the recipe about the desired texture (like "It should tear slightly as it falls from the beater"), and increase or decrease the flour to match 
Output: Is there a starting point for how much flour to increase or decrease by?
CONTEXT: It's safe because freezing greatly slows (if not completely arrests) the growth of the bacteria that would otherwise make the meat spoil. It doesn't kill them, it just puts them in 'stasis'. The expiration date is given based on the meat only being refrigerated. If you intend to store the meat past its expiration date, best practice is to freeze the meat ASAP, and to use it within 24 hours of defrosting.The main hazard is in that defrosting. At no point should the chicken (any part thereof) be at room temperature for more than 2 hours. The safest method is to defrost the meat slowly in the fridge. You can also defrost it under cold running water, providing you keep it under the 2 hour mark.Of course, you can also cook the meat straight from frozen. There is absolutely nothing wrong with doing this for small cuts like chicken breasts. Slicing and cooking a partially defrosted chicken breast is perfectly safe, especially as it often easier to make really thin strips with semi-solid meat. You just have to be extra careful that the meat is at a safe temperature (170Â°F/75Â°C).  <sep>  Q: Why is expired frozen chicken safe to eat? A: It's safe because freezing greatly slows (if not completely arrests) the growth of the bacteria that would otherwise make the meat spoil  Q: Are there any food safety hazards to watch out for when defrosting expired frozen chicken? A: The main hazard is in that defrosting. At no point should the chicken (any part thereof) be at room temperature for more than 2 hours 
Output: Thank you for the information. How long can expired chicken be kept in the freezer?
CONTEXT: You are not hurting the flavor.In theory, it will shorten the steeping time a miniscule (probably imperceptable) amount, but the effect is more psychologial perception than reality.I pour boiling hot water over my teabag and start my timer for five minutes and don't touch or swirl the tea bag. If the bag sits in the hot water 20% longer (6 minutes instead of 5), I would be lying if I tried to pretend that I could preceive a taste difference from the previous cuppa I'd sipped. I cannot.Costs you nothing - so try it and see if you can taste any difference.  <sep>  Q: Will swishing or moving a teabag around affect the steeping time in any way? A: In theory, it will shorten the steeping time a miniscule (probably imperceptable) amount, but the effect is more psychologial perception than reality 
Output: Am I hurting the flavor at all?
CONTEXT: You are not hurting the flavor.In theory, it will shorten the steeping time a miniscule (probably imperceptable) amount, but the effect is more psychologial perception than reality.I pour boiling hot water over my teabag and start my timer for five minutes and don't touch or swirl the tea bag. If the bag sits in the hot water 20% longer (6 minutes instead of 5), I would be lying if I tried to pretend that I could preceive a taste difference from the previous cuppa I'd sipped. I cannot.Costs you nothing - so try it and see if you can taste any difference.  <sep>  Q: Will swishing or moving a teabag around affect the steeping time in any way? A: You are not hurting the flavor 
Output: Could moving it around get the bag to break into the water?
CONTEXT: I'm not sure I've ever seen chipotle paste called for in recipes; I searched around a bit and what I found was consistent with my experience. I saw chipotle en adobo, ground chipotle, and even whole dried chipotle. I also easily found recipes for chipotle en adobo. I don't think you'll have any trouble figuring out what to do with them.The most common way I've seen chipotles, both in grocery stores and in recipes, is chipotle en adobo. You can make your own by simmering dried chipotles in tomato paste with vinegar, garlic, onion (search for recipes if that's not specific enough). I suspect that most chipotle pastes you might find are something like this, but pureed, and possibly cooked until thicker.The other common way to use chipotles is as a powder; that's as easy as grinding them in a spice grinder. If you're using them in something that gets cooked for a decent amount of time, I'd just do this and add them, instead of making chipotle en adobo or a paste out of them. Just think of them as a spice.  <sep>  Q: What can I do with dried chipotle chillies? A: The most common way I've seen chipotles, both in grocery stores and in recipes, is chipotle en adobo  Q: How can I make a sauce with them? Any good methods? A: You can make your own by simmering dried chipotles in tomato paste with vinegar, garlic, onion (search for recipes if that's not specific enough  Q: What else could I do with a bag of dried Chipotle chillies besides sauce? All the recipes I see use chipotle paste. A: The other common way to use chipotles is as a powder; that's as easy as grinding them in a spice grinder  Q: Any other ways besides a sauce or powder that you know of? A: I'm not sure I've ever seen chipotle paste called for in recipes; I searched around a bit and what I found was consistent with my experience  Q: Okay then. Any other sauce making methods? A: Just think of them as a spice 
Output: What would go well with chipotle sauce that I make from them?
CONTEXT: If you have a gas stove, you need a hood to send the exhaust outside. One that recirculates is not sufficient.In my experience, the recirculator hoods work OK if you're not doing a lot of cooking. If you do, however, you'll end up with a nasty, greasy dusty coating on everything in your kitchen. I wouldn't bother with a recirculation hood if you ever cook things that involve grease or smoke. For someone who mostly heats up processed foods, it's probably good enough.  <sep>  Q: Are recirculation extractor hoods good? A: In my experience, the recirculator hoods work OK if you're not doing a lot of cooking  Q: How good are they? A: I wouldn't bother with a recirculation hood if you ever cook things that involve grease or smoke  Q: What kind of hood do you recommend? A: If you have a gas stove, you need a hood to send the exhaust outside. One that recirculates is not sufficient 
Output: Will a pipe for the exhaust be needed?
CONTEXT: Some of your 'shortcuts' are not good ideas. Definitely start with cold water. Definitely bring up the temp slowly. Definitely do not boil. Do add aromatics upfront to the broth, but remove them as they get mushy so they don't cloud it.Standard ratio for beef broth would be: 8 pounds of bones to 6 quarts of water to 1 pound of veggies (onion, leek, carrot) to one 'boquet garni', essentially garlic, rosemary, anise flavoring for pho, and bay leaf, plus whatever else I forgot.If you have 'pond water', which I interpret as thin-tasting, you probably put too much water in the second time -- this is fixable by slowly evaporating out the water until it gets to a good texture. If you skimmed properly, it will be clear as you do this. I will typically strain through a kitchen towel or cheesecloth as the liquid evaporates down.I'm guessing you put in like a gallon of water, so you had like three or four times too much water.As a warning which you probably already know, you are not going to be able to duplicate your local pho joint's broth -- the broth recipe is the thing for pho makers, and they probably have a bunch of tricks they use, including using a neverending supply of yesterdays pho, that you won't be able to do at home. That said, you should be able to get a good beef broth if you follow some basic rules for making stock.  <sep>  Q: My beef broth is not coming out right, how do I properly make beef pho broth? A: Some of your 'shortcuts' are not good ideas. Definitely start with cold water  Q: Alright, what would the next step be? A: Definitely bring up the temp slowly. Definitely do not boil  Q: I boiled mine, perhaps that is where I am going wrong. What would I do next? A: Do add aromatics upfront to the broth, but remove them as they get mushy so they don't cloud it  Q: Any other advice? A: Standard ratio for beef broth would be: 8 pounds of bones to 6 quarts of water to 1 pound of veggies (onion, leek, carrot) to one 'boquet garni 
Output: This is all great information for me. How long should I cook for?###Or how long should the recipe take to prepare?
CONTEXT: A good quality ($20 or so) sweet Port, Madeira, or Sherry could be lovely, and add a delicious flavor note of its own. Make sure it's something that tastes good by itself, with a flavor that appeals to you, complimenting a piece of cake.Note that these are so-called "fortified wines" â they are distilled to a higher alcohol content. Historically, this was done to achieve a long shelf-life without preservatives, so they're more like spirits. Unlike regular "corked" wines, an opened bottle of fortified wine can last a long time, so the cork is made as a stopper that can be easily resealed.I don't think you'd get good results with a moscato or such. I also wouldn't skimp and buy a cheap (e.g.: Taylor) bottle of Port â that would be like using cheap, imitation vanilla extract! Spending $30 to get a high-quality flavor that you enjoy, is money well spent.This kind of wine typically comes in both sweet and dry variants. If you're making an entrÃ©e sauce, you probably want a dry wine. For fruitcake, be sure to select a sweet variety. Sometimes, they're not specifically labeled "dry" or "sweet", so you need to read how it's described the label, or ask your vintner for a recommendation.  <sep>  Q: Can I soak dried fruit in sweet wine instead of liqueur for use in fruitcakes?###The recipes for fruitcake that I've looked at say to soak the dried fruit in brandy, rum, etc., i.e., something with a high alcohol content.### I've been using liqueur which works well. I was wondering if using a sweet wine would work A: A good quality ($20 or so) sweet Port, Madeira, or Sherry could be lovely, and add a delicious flavor note of its own 
Output: Any other suggestions for me?
CONTEXT: A good quality ($20 or so) sweet Port, Madeira, or Sherry could be lovely, and add a delicious flavor note of its own. Make sure it's something that tastes good by itself, with a flavor that appeals to you, complimenting a piece of cake.Note that these are so-called "fortified wines" â they are distilled to a higher alcohol content. Historically, this was done to achieve a long shelf-life without preservatives, so they're more like spirits. Unlike regular "corked" wines, an opened bottle of fortified wine can last a long time, so the cork is made as a stopper that can be easily resealed.I don't think you'd get good results with a moscato or such. I also wouldn't skimp and buy a cheap (e.g.: Taylor) bottle of Port â that would be like using cheap, imitation vanilla extract! Spending $30 to get a high-quality flavor that you enjoy, is money well spent.This kind of wine typically comes in both sweet and dry variants. If you're making an entrÃ©e sauce, you probably want a dry wine. For fruitcake, be sure to select a sweet variety. Sometimes, they're not specifically labeled "dry" or "sweet", so you need to read how it's described the label, or ask your vintner for a recommendation.  <sep>  Q: Can I soak dried fruit in sweet wine instead of liqueur for use in fruitcakes? A: A good quality ($20 or so) sweet Port, Madeira, or Sherry could be lovely, and add a delicious flavor note of its own 
Output: How long then should I soak the fruit?
CONTEXT: Buckwheat seems to have fallen out of favor in the US. In other countries it is still a staple.In Russia buckwheat (grechka) is eaten as a hot cereal- just boil it until it bursts and add some sweetened condensed milk. Delicious. In fact- the best way I have purchased it locally is by finding international grocery stores that have a Russian section.It has a very distinctive nutty, earthy flavor. You would recognize it if you have had it so it seems unlikely to me that there might be some clandestine usage and you are "out of the loop" at all.Although it is very nutritious (a whole grain and all), it is used in pancakes just for the flavor. It's usage in pancakes seems to be purely traditional and taking informal surveys of my friends (in Texas) it is uncommon for anyone to know what it is at all.  <sep>  Q: Why Buckwheat Pancakes? A: whea  Q: Yes A: Buckwheat seems to have fallen out of favor in the US. In other countries it is still a staple  Q: Where is buckwheat harvested? A: the best way I have purchased it locally is by finding international grocery stores that have a Russian section 
Output: How much does buckwheat cost?
CONTEXT: Broth is usually defined as having had bones/meat/veg boiled in it, so the dictionary says no. The lack of flavour also says no, and I doubt reducing it would make much difference. You could use the water to make broth or stock, if you have bones/vegetables to hand.What's more likely to have happened is that condensation dripped into the water. This will always happen unless you take steps to prevent it, as the chicken is cooler than the steam, causing water to condense on the surface (more obvious with steaming green veg). This water dripping would carry small amounts of protein (e.g. myoglobin from dark meat) into the water, and it doesn't take much of many proteins to make water cloudy (this is why milk is white, or a few drops of milk make water cloudy). Small particles of fat will also contribute if they run into the water.  <sep>  Q: Water came out cloudy after steaming chicken, is it cosidered a broth?###I was surprised since the chicken never touched the water but I guess it dropped some of its juices in it, I was doing a small batch and I tried to taste it but after adding some salt it just tasted salty,### so If I make a larger batch in less water and the result comes out more concentrated could this taste good and be considered a broth ? A: What's more likely to have happened is that condensation dripped into the water  Q: Whats considered a broth then? A: Broth is usually defined as having had bones/meat/veg boiled in it 
Output: Any suggestions for me?
CONTEXT: If I have to cook for a big group, 9 times out of 10, I go for scampi.But if you use scampi as the second course, I'm not sure what to serve it with.(I make it as an entree). Rice or bread, I'd say. I've never tried it with baked potatoes, but maybe it could work; or other options of course.But I don't know if two times fish (in a broad meaning) works for you.You can also make your meat in advance (stewing, ragout (of chicken, in vol-au-vent), meatballs) so you just need to warm it.Edit: Oops, I just saw that this is an old question...  <sep>  Q: I need help to plan a Menu: 10 people, dinner with lovely friends at home A: If I have to cook for a big group, 9 times out of 10, I go for scampi.But if you use scampi as the second course, I'm not sure what to serve it with 
Output: What else could I serve?
CONTEXT: If I have to cook for a big group, 9 times out of 10, I go for scampi.But if you use scampi as the second course, I'm not sure what to serve it with.(I make it as an entree). Rice or bread, I'd say. I've never tried it with baked potatoes, but maybe it could work; or other options of course.But I don't know if two times fish (in a broad meaning) works for you.You can also make your meat in advance (stewing, ragout (of chicken, in vol-au-vent), meatballs) so you just need to warm it.Edit: Oops, I just saw that this is an old question...  <sep>  Q: I need help to plan a Menu for 10 people. I want to start off with an appetizer. any suggestions? A: If I have to cook for a big group, 9 times out of 10, I go for scampi 
Output: That sounds great? what is in it?
CONTEXT: Very simply, bake it for the recommended time in the recipe. Then if it looks golden brown (note that if the air in the oven is not humid enough the bread may stay pale, on a side note a humid oven helps to develop a good crust), tap it in on it's base and if it sounds hollow its done. If it feels soft in the base and not hollow or If its still not golden brown, put it back in the oven for a few minutes then try the tap check again. Although you stated you dislike the thermometer technique, for others reading the bread should have an internal temperature of 200F or 94C, if not return it to the oven for a few minutes until it is.  <sep>  Q: How can you know that your bread is done?###Most bread recipes give an estimate to how long that bread must bake A: Very simply, bake it for the recommended time in the recipe 
Output: However, I find it hard to check whether it's done or not. ###Most bread recipes give an estimate to how long that bread must bake
CONTEXT: Apparently the chicken haddie plant had fire damage and we have not been able to buy it for over a year now in New Brunswick, Canada. I too grew up with it for making the best fish cakes. Anyway, the plant is up and running again as of January 2012 and I've been buying at Sobeys.  <sep>  Q: Are chicken haddies still available? A: the plant is up and running again as of January 2012  Q: Where exactly is it located? A: New Brunswick, Canada  Q: Do you know exactly what companie?###companies*? A: I've been buying at Sobeys  Q: Do you get good ones over there? A: I too grew up with it for making the best fish cakes  Q: Have you ever tried its chowder? A: we have not been able to buy it for over a year now 
Output: What exactly do you like about chicken haddies?
CONTEXT: Judging from those Wikipedia articles:Clarified butter is rendered butter, which means that the solids are removed.Beurre noisette is browned butter, which contains the solids.Ghee is slightly-browned (it should have a golden color) butter that is rendered. So you melt the butter till it's golden. Then you remove the solids by pouring the top layer into a container. So you have a combination (if you like) of clarified and browned butter.  <sep>  Q: Is âgheeâ clarified butter or beurre noisette? A: Clarified butter is rendered butter, which means that the solids are removed.Beurre noisette is browned butter, which contains the solids 
Output: Does Ghee contain solids?
CONTEXT: I would have tried using semolina, polenta, or grits. If the grind was too big you could always use a small coffee grinder to get it a bit finer.Corn muffin mix generally has other additives like sugar, baking powder or soda, so you probably wouldn't have wanted to use that on the outside of your bagels!  <sep>  Q: What can I use instead of cornmeal on bagels ? A: I would have tried using semolina, polenta, or grits. If the grind was too big you could always use a small coffee grinder to get it a bit finer 
Output: Should I add these before or after baking ?
CONTEXT: No recipe alteration needed.Fried meatballs will develop more of a crust, and thus more flavour through the Maillard reaction. In any case, unless you're making tiny meatballs (or finishing their cooking in a sauce of some sort), they're going to need to be finished via baking anyway.I would only do the baking method if I had to make an enormous quantity at once. For home cooking I always fry then bake.  <sep>  Q: What would be the difference between frying vs baking meatballs? A: Fried meatballs will develop more of a crust, and thus more flavour through the Maillard reaction 
Output: What is the maillard reaction?
CONTEXT: No recipe alteration needed.Fried meatballs will develop more of a crust, and thus more flavour through the Maillard reaction. In any case, unless you're making tiny meatballs (or finishing their cooking in a sauce of some sort), they're going to need to be finished via baking anyway.I would only do the baking method if I had to make an enormous quantity at once. For home cooking I always fry then bake.  <sep>  Q: What would be the difference between frying vs baking meatballs? A: Fried meatballs will develop more of a crust, and thus more flavour  Q: what about baking them what is the advantage there ? A: I would only do the baking method if I had to make an enormous quantity at once. For home cooking I always fry then bake 
Output: How an I season my meatballs ?
CONTEXT: I assume you're making normal maki (nori side out) and not California rolls.Are you leaving a 1/2 inch or so of blank nori (no rice) on the outside edge (the edge that you roll last)? If you slightly wet the bare edge of the nori with a little water on your finger it should help it stick together.  <sep>  Q: How do I fix Sushi rolls opening up? A: I assume you're making normal maki (nori side out) and not California rolls  Q: Oh yea, Can you suggest how i can make them? A: Are you leaving a 1/2 inch or so of blank nori (no rice) on the outside edge (the edge that you roll last  Q: What can I do to complete the process? A: If you slightly wet the bare edge of the nori with a little water on your finger it should help it stick together  Q: Will this stop it from opening up when taking them with chopsticks? A: it should help it stick together 
Output: What was the reason why the rice is sticky and the rolls opening up?
CONTEXT: I assume you're making normal maki (nori side out) and not California rolls.Are you leaving a 1/2 inch or so of blank nori (no rice) on the outside edge (the edge that you roll last)? If you slightly wet the bare edge of the nori with a little water on your finger it should help it stick together.  <sep>  Q: How do I stop sushi rolls from opening up? A: leaving a 1/2 inch or so of blank nori (no rice) on the outside edge  Q: What is causing that to happen? A: I assume you're making normal maki (nori side out) and not California rolls 
Output: Do the ingredients make a difference?
CONTEXT: Yes, you can freeze parmesan cheese. Even without freezing, Parmesan is very durable since the low water and high salt content prevents mould from growing. The younger varieties may be more prone to mould growth (having a higher water content), but I've kept ripe Parmesan (30-36 months) for at least a year in the fridge without problems (and it would probably have stayed good much longer). Just remember to keep it wrapped in paper, not in a sealed plastic container to prevent a buildup of condensation.  <sep>  Q: Can I freeze Parmesan? A: you can freeze parmesan cheese 
Output: How long can I keep it for?
CONTEXT: Yes, you can freeze parmesan cheese. Even without freezing, Parmesan is very durable since the low water and high salt content prevents mould from growing. The younger varieties may be more prone to mould growth (having a higher water content), but I've kept ripe Parmesan (30-36 months) for at least a year in the fridge without problems (and it would probably have stayed good much longer). Just remember to keep it wrapped in paper, not in a sealed plastic container to prevent a buildup of condensation.  <sep>  Q: Can I freeze Parmesan? A: you can freeze parmesan cheese  Q: How long can I keep it for? A: Even without freezing, Parmesan is very durable since the low water and high salt content prevents mould from growing 
Output: How is the taste/texture affected?
CONTEXT: Gelatin sheets are soaked in cold-to-room-temp water in order to soften and rehydrate them slightly before stirring them into the (often hot) food. If you were to try to stir a sheet of gelatin directly into hot liquid, you'd find that it behaves a lot like cornstarch. It clumps up immediately and produces unpleasant-to-eat chunks that only a blender and a chinois have a hope of removing.You squeeze it after soaking to remove excess (unflavored) water from the exterior. Otherwise, each sheet might bring along quite a bit of water, which will seriously affect the consistency of a product you expect to set up, and might affect the taste of even something like a braise to which you are adding the gelatin just for body.  <sep>  Q: Why do we soak and squeeze gelatine?###I can only assume we use gelatine with liquids (or at least the majority of time it's to set a liquid) - so why soak it first? A: Gelatin sheets are soaked in cold-to-room-temp water in order to soften and rehydrate them slightly before stirring them into the (often hot) food  Q: And why do we then squeeze it?### I would assume it's to get rid of something but my searches return no results. A: You squeeze it after soaking to remove excess (unflavored) water from the exterior. Otherwise, each sheet might bring along quite a bit of water  Q: Oh okay###That makes sense###any other suggestions for me? A: If you were to try to stir a sheet of gelatin directly into hot liquid, you'd find that it behaves a lot like cornstarch. It clumps up immediately 
Output: okay. Thats helpful to know. Thanks
CONTEXT: Chicken fat is what you want, and--this is important--no cream or milk. Use chicken fat to make a roux, and then chicken stock. This will get you a yellowish colour.For extra bonus points, make your pastry with schmaltz as well. They do this at the gourmet supermarket down the road, and their chicken pot pies fly off the shelves.  <sep>  Q: How do you get a nice yellow gravy color when making a chicken pot pie? A: Use chicken fat to make a roux, and then chicken stock 
Output: how do I make the roux?
CONTEXT: Chicken fat is what you want, and--this is important--no cream or milk. Use chicken fat to make a roux, and then chicken stock. This will get you a yellowish colour.For extra bonus points, make your pastry with schmaltz as well. They do this at the gourmet supermarket down the road, and their chicken pot pies fly off the shelves.  <sep>  Q: How do you get a nice yellow gravy color when making a chicken pot pie? A: Chicken fat is what you want, and--this is important--no cream or milk. Use chicken fat to make a roux, and then chicken stock. This will get you a yellowish colour 
Output: Are there any other benefits to using chicken fat?
CONTEXT: I agree with yossarian, if I question it, I chuck it. Although in this case, the salmon probably will not harm you, it might just taste bad. Loss of moisture (freezer burn), taking on of flavours, etc. I wouldn't eat it because it wouldn't taste great. My father-in-law would eat it, because you don't throw out food (his rule). Bottom line, if it has been in the freezer for those two years straight, it won't give you food poisoning or harm you. It's just a matter of palate. But rest assured, it won't taste great.  <sep>  Q: Can I still eat this fish?### I just found a couple of salmon fillets in my freezer that seem to have been there for about two years. Are they still edible, or should I bin them? A: if it has been in the freezer for those two years straight, it won't give you food poisoning or harm you  Q: So I can still eat these? A: It's just a matter of palate. But rest assured, it won't taste great 
Output: How long can I store the Salmon Fillets in the freezer?
CONTEXT: There could be two factors involved. First, the freshness of the celery. Restaurants, especially those that serve large amounts, are going through a lot of product. This means that you are more likely to get really fresh celery.Next, storing in water is very likely an issue. I would suggest buying celery within a day or so of when you plan to use it. Wash and dry it thoroughly. Then trim and cut to your desired size. Then immediately place the celery in a plastic container or zipper bag and place in the refigerator until serving.Each time you take it out for serving, remove the amount you plan to use and return the rest to the refrigerator. The 'leftover' celery should remain fresh and crisp for several days.  <sep>  Q: Why does raw celery from a restaurant taste different than raw celery at home? A: First, the freshness of the celery. Restaurants, especially those that serve large amounts, are going through a lot of product. This means that you are more likely to get really fresh celery  Q: I store my celery in water, shouldn't that keep it fresh? A: Wash and dry it thoroughly. Then trim and cut to your desired size. Then immediately place the celery in a plastic container or zipper bag and place in the refigerator until serving  Q: I always thought I did it the best way, are there any other possible reasons restaurant celery tastes better? A: Each time you take it out for serving, remove the amount you plan to use and return the rest to the refrigerator. The 'leftover' celery should remain fresh and crisp for several days.  Q: I want celery that tastes really amazing, do you have extra special tips? A: storing in water is very likely an issue. I would suggest buying celery within a day or so of when you plan to use it 
Output: What more can I do to protect the freshness and taste of my celery?
CONTEXT: There could be two factors involved. First, the freshness of the celery. Restaurants, especially those that serve large amounts, are going through a lot of product. This means that you are more likely to get really fresh celery.Next, storing in water is very likely an issue. I would suggest buying celery within a day or so of when you plan to use it. Wash and dry it thoroughly. Then trim and cut to your desired size. Then immediately place the celery in a plastic container or zipper bag and place in the refigerator until serving.Each time you take it out for serving, remove the amount you plan to use and return the rest to the refrigerator. The 'leftover' celery should remain fresh and crisp for several days.  <sep>  Q: Why does raw celery from a restaurant taste different than raw celery at home?###Say you go to a restaurant and order buffalo wings. The wings come with celery and bleu cheese. The celery tastes amazing. A: There could be two factors involved. First, the freshness of the celery  Q: At home, you cut celery and store it in water in the refrigerator, and eat it. It does not taste amazing. A: Restaurants, especially those that serve large amounts, are going through a lot of product. This means that you are more likely to get really fresh celery  Q: What are the possible reasons why there is a difference in taste between the two? A: Next, storing in water is very likely an issue. I would suggest buying celery within a day or so of when you plan to use it  Q: oh okay.###what do you recommend? A: Wash and dry it thoroughly. Then trim and cut to your desired size. Then immediately place the celery in a plastic container or zipper bag and place in the refigerator until serving 
Output: sounds good###anything else to keep in mind###?
CONTEXT: You cooked it at too low a temperature. Sous vide is intended for meat where you want the protein to remain tender. It shouldn't have any sinews. Think chicken breasts, or the long filet along the spine of a pig. This meat gets nicely cooked at 60-65Â°C (depends on the animal), and tough and dry above that. Meat marbled with sinews has to be cooked at a temperature where the sinews (collagen) melt into gelatin. This happens at about 70Â°C at least, and takes hours. Since the muscle fibres are already toughened at that temperature, there is no reason to hold it low; you can put it at full boil in a normal pot and cook it there, you just have to wait long enough. In theory, you could do it in a sous vide bath too, but you won't get any of the benefits sous vide gives to tender meat.  <sep>  Q: My sous vide chicken is tough and stringy - did I cook it too long, or too little? A: You cooked it at too low a temperature  Q: What temperature should I cook chicken breast at? A: This meat gets nicely cooked at 60-65Â°C 
Output: Is that the same temp you should cook chicken legs and thighs at?
CONTEXT: You cooked it at too low a temperature. Sous vide is intended for meat where you want the protein to remain tender. It shouldn't have any sinews. Think chicken breasts, or the long filet along the spine of a pig. This meat gets nicely cooked at 60-65Â°C (depends on the animal), and tough and dry above that. Meat marbled with sinews has to be cooked at a temperature where the sinews (collagen) melt into gelatin. This happens at about 70Â°C at least, and takes hours. Since the muscle fibres are already toughened at that temperature, there is no reason to hold it low; you can put it at full boil in a normal pot and cook it there, you just have to wait long enough. In theory, you could do it in a sous vide bath too, but you won't get any of the benefits sous vide gives to tender meat.  <sep>  Q: I tried cooking sous vide chicken and it came out tough and stringy, can you tell me why? A: Sous vide is intended for meat where you want the protein to remain tender. It shouldn't have any sinews  Q: I tried cooking it at 60C, is that the correct temperature? A: This meat gets nicely cooked at 60-65Â°C (depends on the animal), and tough and dry above that 
Output: How long should I cook chicken breasts at that temperature?
CONTEXT: Every Kitchen needs a meat thermometer. Little too late in this case but it would have saved you here. I never used one at home until after I started working in a restaurant that only had a flat top and a convection oven with burgers on the menu. I got a relatively cheap one for $5-10 at Wal-mart and it does the job. Another option for next time is to check your meat often and poke it with a spoon, once it feels firm throughout, like the skin on the back of your hand when you make a fist, it's done.  <sep>  Q: How long is a pork fillet cooking time? A: Another option for next time is to check your meat often and poke it with a spoon, once it feels firm throughout, like the skin on the back of your hand when you make a fist, it's done  Q: Do you have any other suggestion? A: Every Kitchen needs a meat thermometer 
Output: What would the temperature requirement be?
CONTEXT: In general the FDA recommends that you consume leftovers within 3-5 days (See their website for specific foods). In this case, I don't think the garlic is what's holding you back.While garlic and herb infused oils do present some botulism risk, I think what they are getting at is the can of preserved garlic you've had in the fridge for 9 months.  <sep>  Q: How long does cooked garlic keep in fridge? A: In general the FDA recommends that you consume leftovers within 3-5 days (See their website for specific foods 
Output: Could I freeze it for longer?
CONTEXT: What to doA dough should be generally risen by size anyway, not by time. But it is also very forgiving, so it will probably still give you decent edible bread if you do it by time. The best way is to wait until it has doubled, no matter what the clock shows. But you insist on going by the clock, don't change the time, wait the 30 minutes. It may be underproofed (with such a short time given by the recipe, there is virtually no chance of overproofing it), but the same would have happened if you were using the original amounts and going by the clock. Dough proofing and timeThe rising time for dough at room temperature is not affected by recipe scaling, the time it takes a specific dough to double will be the same regardless of the size of your batch. If the temperature in your proofing container is significantly different from the dough temperature, you will see some effect on rising times with different batch sizes and dough shapes, as the center of the dough will need some time to get to the same temperature as the proofing container, and warmer dough rises quicker than cold dough. This is unlikely to have a measurable effect at dough amounts used by home bakers, especially considering that the possible proofing temperature window is rather narrow.  <sep>  Q: How does halving a bread recipe impact rising time? A: the time it takes a specific dough to double will be the same regardless of the size of your batch 
Output: So the time is about the yeast and not the recipe size?
CONTEXT: What to doA dough should be generally risen by size anyway, not by time. But it is also very forgiving, so it will probably still give you decent edible bread if you do it by time. The best way is to wait until it has doubled, no matter what the clock shows. But you insist on going by the clock, don't change the time, wait the 30 minutes. It may be underproofed (with such a short time given by the recipe, there is virtually no chance of overproofing it), but the same would have happened if you were using the original amounts and going by the clock. Dough proofing and timeThe rising time for dough at room temperature is not affected by recipe scaling, the time it takes a specific dough to double will be the same regardless of the size of your batch. If the temperature in your proofing container is significantly different from the dough temperature, you will see some effect on rising times with different batch sizes and dough shapes, as the center of the dough will need some time to get to the same temperature as the proofing container, and warmer dough rises quicker than cold dough. This is unlikely to have a measurable effect at dough amounts used by home bakers, especially considering that the possible proofing temperature window is rather narrow.  <sep>  Q: How does halving a bread recipe impact rising time? A: The best way is to wait until it has doubled, no matter what the clock shows 
Output: Does placing it in the proving cabinet help?
CONTEXT: As you probably know, volkornbrot and similar breads are designed to bake at a lower temperature for a longer time. 240 C sounds way too high to me. 150-180 C should be about right, and leave the bread in for a long time (up to 3 hours), until the loaf starts to pull away from the sides of the pan. Even after this baking process, because the bread batter is much wetter than a standard bread, you should not slice or eat the bread until it has had time to cool and "rest," about 24 hours. If you slice it right away, the heat and moisture escape and the inside is still doughy/raw. If you wait, the moisture will have time to distribute throughout the loaf and the inside will firm up. Just be patient! The benefit is that the loaf should last for a very long time wrapped in plastic, especially if you put the unused portion in the fridge.  <sep>  Q: Making black bread in a microwave oven###I have received a few packs of dough mixture for German black bread from a friend (Vollkornbrot, black rye bread). All I have available to make it is a bread maker and a microwave oven###The bread maker is much too weak to move the heavy dough around, so I have to knead it by hand.###There remain some very doughy pockets, which seem only half baked to me. I'm turning the oven almost as high as it goes (around 240â, according to display) and tried baking the bread for a longer time. I also tried to make smaller rolls instead, with the same result. Is it possible to make such heavy bread using such weak equipment? A: As you probably know, volkornbrot and similar breads are designed to bake at a lower temperature for a longer time 
Output: what can I change to make it work?
CONTEXT: The whole idea of using a cedar plank is to char the heck out of the bottom and produce lots of smoke and flavor. My roughly 1/4 inch planks are usually charred pretty well and I simply couldn't see using them a second time. At times, it seems that 1/8 inch or more of the bottom is gone.If you find a good source for your planks, they should be pretty inexpensive so why push it? I found one of the best sources to be my supermarket right next to the fish counter. $3 - $4 / plank. Seems like a small price to pay when you are grilling a $30 piece of salmon on top of it.  <sep>  Q: Are reusable or disposable cedar planks better? A: The whole idea of using a cedar plank is to char the heck out of the bottom and produce lots of smoke and flavor 
Output: Are the reusable ones good?
CONTEXT: I believe that 'English Breakfast Tea' is a very broad definition and doesn't refer to an exact blend; each manufacturer has their own version of it. I would say that English Breakfast Tea often includes Assam, but as your Wiki source suggests it also contains other teas. Therefore Assam is a separate tea.  <sep>  Q: Is English Breakfast Tea the same as Assam Tea? A: I believe that 'English Breakfast Tea' is a very broad definition and doesn't refer to an exact blend 
Output: Is it true that I need Assam tea for brewing a good cup of Chai Tea?
CONTEXT: I believe that 'English Breakfast Tea' is a very broad definition and doesn't refer to an exact blend; each manufacturer has their own version of it. I would say that English Breakfast Tea often includes Assam, but as your Wiki source suggests it also contains other teas. Therefore Assam is a separate tea.  <sep>  Q: Does English Breakfast Tea equal Assam Tea? A: t English Breakfast Tea often includes Assam  Q: I want to make Chai, what kind of tea can I use? A: English Breakfast Tea 
Output: What temp should I heat the water too for a good brew?
CONTEXT: The "solid vegetable oil" you're describing sounds like Crisco (shortening), which you can find in any US grocery. You could also try refined coconut or palm kernel oil, both of which are solid at room temperature.Another possibility to note is that the butter may be fine, but maybe the chickpea flour you're obtaining in the US is different.  <sep>  Q: What's the best replacement for "solid vegetable oil" in pastry recipes? A: u ca 
Output: Can you help me find a replacement for the solid vegetable oil in a Persion recipe?
CONTEXT: It is possible to over brine meat. If you leave it in too long it will get too salty.If you use a more dilute brine it won't get as salty but you will wash out more of the natural flavor into the water as well.You could submerge your turkey in its packaging in ice water in a cooler for a day before brining. You could even thaw the turkey in this manner if you made sure to keep it in ice water so it didn't get to 40F.  <sep>  Q: What happens if I brine my turkey for 2 days? A: It is possible to over brine meat. If you leave it in too long it will get too salty  Q: So even if I keep it covered and keep it cold, what will happen to it? A: You could submerge your turkey in its packaging in ice water in a cooler for a day before brining 
Output: oh so just don't put it in salt water for that long right?
CONTEXT: In a cookbook that old, the sour cream referenced is probably a home-fermented variety, used as a preservation method in the days before widespread home refrigeration. You can still do this with the appropriate bacterial cultures, but most of us now buy our sour cream at the store instead. That product is similar, but made in much larger batches with a highly standardized, refined bacterial culture, producing a product with a predictable sourness and texture. Home-cultured versions are more variable, but they use similar processes on a much smaller scale.Whether you want to call this the "same" is partly a linguistic distinction that depends on how much you want to consider the differences in scale and equipment between pre-refrigeration and modern methods.In contrast, the addition of something sour to cream is really a substitute, used when you don't have a proper sour cream available. A cook back in the 1890s could use the same substitution then as we might today. But the production of sour cream (and all sorts of fermented milk products, such as yogurt and kefir) is much older than that, and there would have been some variety of "traditional" sour cream available, though not universally or year-round in the days before mechanized food distribution systems.  <sep>  Q: Is sour cream in olde recipes the same as sour cream today? A: the sour cream referenced is probably a home-fermented variety, used as a preservation method in the days before widespread home refrigeration 
Output: How would I make a home-fermented variety of sour cream?
CONTEXT: Don't most cake recipes require mixing dry ingredients first? Well, what's been done has been done.The standard professional chef way of getting lumps out of anything is to pass it through a fine strainer. In your case a standard metal pasta strainer should work. Put the strainer over a bowl, pour the batter in and use the back of a large spoon or ladle to gentle press the batter through. The lumps of sugar will be left over and you can just crush them then.Whipping the batter might work the gluten proteins in the flour which will make for a tough chewy texture. Some cakes actually take this into account and others it is bad, so be careful.  <sep>  Q: What can I do with batter that has lumpy sugar in it? A: Don't most cake recipes require mixing dry ingredients first? Well, what's been done has been done  Q: Could I get some hints on how to prevent it? A: The standard professional chef way of getting lumps out of anything is to pass it through a fine strainer  Q: The cake seems okay. Maybe when the lumps are small enough, the heat of the oven takes care of them? A: In your case a standard metal pasta strainer should work 
Output: If I didn't strain it , is there any other method, like smashing the sugar lumps before I put it in the batter?