niryuu/sni-each-converted huggingface dataset:
CONTEXT: I believe that I have made some of those conflicting comments.It is definitely possible to make an excellent pan gravy with the drippings from a brined turkey.It is also really easy to have the gravy turn out inedibly salty if you aren't careful.Make sure you follow the brining recipe. Don't have too high a concentration of salt and don't brine for too long. Rinse off the bird, inside and out, before roasting.I have also read, from reliable sources such as Harold McGee, that gravy is impossible. My own experience would suggest otherwise.  <sep>  Q: Can you make pan gravy if the turkey was brined? A: It is definitely possible to make an excellent pan gravy with the drippings from a brined turkey  Q: Will it be extra salty? A: It is also really easy to have the gravy turn out inedibly salty if you aren't careful 
Output: Would it be less salty in a gravy recipe using sour cream?
CONTEXT: I believe that I have made some of those conflicting comments.It is definitely possible to make an excellent pan gravy with the drippings from a brined turkey.It is also really easy to have the gravy turn out inedibly salty if you aren't careful.Make sure you follow the brining recipe. Don't have too high a concentration of salt and don't brine for too long. Rinse off the bird, inside and out, before roasting.I have also read, from reliable sources such as Harold McGee, that gravy is impossible. My own experience would suggest otherwise.  <sep>  Q: Can you make pan gravy if the turkey was brined? A: It is definitely possible to make an excellent pan gravy with the drippings from a brined turkey  Q: Are there any drawbacks to using this method? A: It is also really easy to have the gravy turn out inedibly salty if you aren't careful  Q: What steps do I need to take to make sure this does not happen? A: Make sure you follow the brining recipe. Don't have too high a concentration of salt and don't brine for too long. Rinse off the bird, inside and out, before roasting 
Output: Does it need to be rinsed in tap water?
CONTEXT: I believe that I have made some of those conflicting comments.It is definitely possible to make an excellent pan gravy with the drippings from a brined turkey.It is also really easy to have the gravy turn out inedibly salty if you aren't careful.Make sure you follow the brining recipe. Don't have too high a concentration of salt and don't brine for too long. Rinse off the bird, inside and out, before roasting.I have also read, from reliable sources such as Harold McGee, that gravy is impossible. My own experience would suggest otherwise.  <sep>  Q: Can you make pan gravy if the turkey was brined? A: It is definitely possible to make an excellent pan gravy with the drippings from a brined turkey  Q: DO you think the result could be salty? A: It is also really easy to have the gravy turn out inedibly salty if you aren't careful  Q: What can i do to avoid this? A: Make sure you follow the brining recipe. Don't have too high a concentration of salt and don't brine for too long. Rinse off the bird, inside and out, before roasting 
Output: Do you know any particular gravy recipe?
CONTEXT: I believe that I have made some of those conflicting comments.It is definitely possible to make an excellent pan gravy with the drippings from a brined turkey.It is also really easy to have the gravy turn out inedibly salty if you aren't careful.Make sure you follow the brining recipe. Don't have too high a concentration of salt and don't brine for too long. Rinse off the bird, inside and out, before roasting.I have also read, from reliable sources such as Harold McGee, that gravy is impossible. My own experience would suggest otherwise.  <sep>  Q: Can you make pan gravy if the turkey was brined? A: It is definitely possible to make an excellent pan gravy with the drippings from a brined turkey  Q: will the result be inedibly salty? A: if you aren't careful  Q: Does this depend on the particular gravy recipe? A: Make sure you follow the brining recipe 
Output: What about if the gravy has sour cream and garlic, and sometimes mushrooms?
CONTEXT: In my experience, the most likely impact of a gentle boil vs. a furious rolling boil is going to be on texture of starchy foods, such as potatoes or other root vegetables, rather than flavor.I've found that a gentle simmer of potatoes will result in a mostly intact shape and consistent texture, whereas an aggressive boil without perfect timing can result in the outer layers of the potato breaking apart, sometimes before the center has time to cook fully.I've seen similar issues with stuffed parcels of pasta like ravioli or boiled won tons. I've also found that open pot egg poached eggs have much nicer results with a gentle simmer than an aggressive boil, perhaps for related reasons.Since part of how we experience taste is texture, you could say that the "taste" is affected.  <sep>  Q: Can food be boiled "extra fast/hard" in water? A: an aggressive boil without perfect timing can result in the outer layers of the potato breaking apart, sometimes before the center has time to cook fully  Q: Do you recommend a lighter boil? A: I've found that a gentle simmer of potatoes will result in a mostly intact shape and consistent texture 
Output: Are those the only difference between the two different types of boils?
CONTEXT: In my experience, the most likely impact of a gentle boil vs. a furious rolling boil is going to be on texture of starchy foods, such as potatoes or other root vegetables, rather than flavor.I've found that a gentle simmer of potatoes will result in a mostly intact shape and consistent texture, whereas an aggressive boil without perfect timing can result in the outer layers of the potato breaking apart, sometimes before the center has time to cook fully.I've seen similar issues with stuffed parcels of pasta like ravioli or boiled won tons. I've also found that open pot egg poached eggs have much nicer results with a gentle simmer than an aggressive boil, perhaps for related reasons.Since part of how we experience taste is texture, you could say that the "taste" is affected.  <sep>  Q: Can food be boiled "extra fast/hard" in water? A: In my experience, the most likely impact of a gentle boil vs. a furious rolling boil is going to be on texture of starchy foods, such as potatoes or other root vegetables, rather than flavor 
Output: Anything, can if effect the taste?
CONTEXT: Just omit the mustard. In just about every recipe I have seen for beans, it is proportionally a very small component. And while we tend to think of mustard as being bold in flavor, it's really the vinegar that makes it seem that way.You should also stray from any recipes that call for store bought barbecue sauces, as many will contain mustard.Finally, one reason mustard appears as an ingredient in dishes like this is it is an emulsifier. You may wish to find a substitute emulsifier, making sure of course that your friend can handle it as an ingredient, to keep too much of the pork fat from separating in your mixture.  <sep>  Q: BBQ-style baked beans without mustard?###My friend has some kind of weird food sensitivity to mustard. He's coming over for dinner and I wanted to make baked beans, but just about every baked beans recipe I've seen calls for mustard. A: Just omit the mustard. In just about every recipe I have seen for beans, it is proportionally a very small component 
Output: I have a feeling I can probably just leave the mustard out, but I feel like it might leave the flavor somewhat unbalanced.###What can I do instead?
CONTEXT: Technically, this is "buttermilk" - the milk left over from churning butter.Of course, this is sweet buttermilk, so it won't really work for most recipes calling for buttermilk (they assume the cultured version, which is acidic, and has that purpose in recipes).For sweet buttermilk, you can just drink it. You can use it in cooking, much like milk - perhaps closer to skimmed milk, since much of the fat (butter) has been removed. You could maybe make cheese with it, if you want, though it will be a lower fat cheese.You can take your chances making cultured buttermilk the old fashioned way (leave it until it's "soured"), if you don't mind the risk. You can culture your own buttermilk - I've had success taking regular store bought buttermilk, and adding a glug of that to milk to culture it (or pouring milk into the freshly emptied bottle and letting it sit), or else you can find the actual culture used (look for places with cheesemaking cultures as a starting point and refine your search from there). The last may only be worthwhile if you're planning to make buttermilk regularly, otherwise it's a lot of effort for a one-time product.  <sep>  Q: What to do with leftover cream after churning butter? A: You can use it in cooking  Q: What could I make with it?###Anything besides cheese?###Is it basically just milk? A: You can culture your own buttermilk  Q: Is butter milk just a buttery milk that you just drink? A: Technically, this is "buttermilk" - the milk left over from churning butter  Q: How do you do that? A: I've had success taking regular store bought buttermilk, and adding a glug of that to milk to culture it (or pouring milk into the freshly emptied bottle and letting it sit 
Output: How long do you let it sit?
CONTEXT: The reason it tastes sweet is the presence of sugar, ie because it is sweet. Cinnamon is thin tree bark, and it is not uncommon for tree bark, or the layer near the bark to be sweet because of sap. Birch is another example of a tree that is sweet, you can suck on a peeled birch branch for the same reasons as stated in your question.  <sep>  Q: Why do cinnamon sticks taste sweet? A: The reason it tastes sweet is the presence of sugar, ie because it is sweet 
Output: What do you mean tree bark?
CONTEXT: You need to ferment in a cool place, so you can only ferment pickles in the monsoon season when temperatures are down, or inside a house with A.C.Vegetables turn soft if it's too hot. Taste and feel is important here. Soft vegetables are the biggest problem if it's too hot. On the 3rd day it is good to place in the fridge to slow the fermenting, if you can. Crocks may be wrapped in burlap, palm dry, & kept wet in a cool shade place with breeze. Cloudy days are a big help. Place a plate on top of crock to keep insects dirt out. So it can be done with care. I'm in the South Phillipines, and it seems to work on the shady side of the house under the second floor A.C., where dripwater hits a wrapped crock, along with the breeze in the monsoon season.  <sep>  Q: Hi there, I've got a question about pickles A: You need to ferment 
Output: I'm living in a tropical region, and I've heard that warm temperatures are not conducive to pickling, is there a way I can still ferment pickles in the heat?
CONTEXT: Grana padano and pecorino romano are two other very savory, hard grating cheeses that work well on pasta. They taste a bit different than Parmigiano-Reggiano, but are quite good in their own right and often less expensive. You can also look at parmesan type cheeses that are not actually Parmigiano-Reggiano. For example, Whole Foods often has one from Argentina that offers a reasonable price/performance tradeoff. All of that said, in many people's opinion, nothing is really quite as delicious as true Parmigiano-Reggiano.  <sep>  Q: What is a cheaper alternative to Parmesan cheese? A: adano  Q: Anything pasta related A: Grana padano and pecorino romano are two other very savory, hard grating cheeses that work well on pasta 
Output: The parmesan cheese in pasta recipe is quite expensive.....do we have cheaper alternative??
CONTEXT: Grana padano and pecorino romano are two other very savory, hard grating cheeses that work well on pasta. They taste a bit different than Parmigiano-Reggiano, but are quite good in their own right and often less expensive. You can also look at parmesan type cheeses that are not actually Parmigiano-Reggiano. For example, Whole Foods often has one from Argentina that offers a reasonable price/performance tradeoff. All of that said, in many people's opinion, nothing is really quite as delicious as true Parmigiano-Reggiano.  <sep>  Q: Is there a Cheaper alternative to parmesan cheese? A: Grana padano and pecorino romano are two other very savory, hard grating cheeses that work well on pasta  Q: Are there are cheddar cheese which can replace parmesan cheese? A: You can also look at parmesan type cheeses that are not actually Parmigiano-Reggiano  Q: what advice can you give me for selecting a cheese? A: Whole Foods often has one from Argentina that offers a reasonable price/performance tradeoff 
Output: what is the name of that cheese?
CONTEXT: I would not keep it or eat it and just consider it a loss. That is a long time for the food to cool down/seal, etc. The processing time is usually carefully calculated so that the core of the product in the jar gets to the proper temp. With the processing time only being 10 mins it would mean only the jar and maybe a small amount on the edges would have gotten to 240 deg F. I suppose it could make a difference if it was a hot pack vs. cold pack, but I would still not risk it.Since you're an experienced canner, I assume you already know that it's possible to lose pressure during the process and then restart the time when the canner gets back up to pressure, but that is usually a few minutes at most, not hours.  <sep>  Q: If there was an interruption in canning process, would the meat still be safe? A: I would not keep it or eat it and just consider it a loss  Q: So I should start all over again? A: Since you're an experienced canner 
Output: Will the pressure from the cooker not kill the bacteria?
CONTEXT: As the bacon cooks the meat reduces in size faster than the fat does. Since they are cut into strips this causes the fat to bunch up or even coil if the bacon isn't flipped enough.The fat will eventually reduce as well when it renders but not enough to straighten out the poor bacon.  <sep>  Q: Why does bacon curl? A: As the bacon cooks the meat reduces in size faster than the fat does  Q: Is there a way to slow the process down? A: The fat will eventually reduce as well when it renders  Q: What else can I do to slow it down? A: cut into strips 
Output: Can you explain more?
CONTEXT: As the bacon cooks the meat reduces in size faster than the fat does. Since they are cut into strips this causes the fat to bunch up or even coil if the bacon isn't flipped enough.The fat will eventually reduce as well when it renders but not enough to straighten out the poor bacon.  <sep>  Q: Why does bacon curl? A: As the bacon cooks the meat reduces in size faster than the fat does  Q: Is there a way to slow the curl down? A: Since they are cut into strips this causes the fat to bunch up or even coil if the bacon isn't flipped enough 
Output: Anything I can do so it doesn't curl?
CONTEXT: After creating a new batch using the same process as my first one, but with a different, non-Greek, starter yogurt (which uses a different set and balance of bacteria than the starter I used for my first batch), I found that the texture was the same as my starter yogurt and was without the pithy texture. Therefore, it seems that it is, in fact, the difference in fermentation, which depends on the types of bacteria cultures in a given yogurt that determine the texture of Greek vs non-Greek yogurt.  <sep>  Q: What causes the texture difference between Greek style yogurt and regular yogurt? A: it seems that it is, in fact, the difference in fermentation, which depends on the types of bacteria cultures in a given yogurt that determine the texture of Greek vs non-Greek yogurt  Q: Can you tell me more? A: I found that the texture was the same as my starter yogurt and was without the pithy texture 
Output: What's your starter yogurt can you elaborate more?
CONTEXT: After creating a new batch using the same process as my first one, but with a different, non-Greek, starter yogurt (which uses a different set and balance of bacteria than the starter I used for my first batch), I found that the texture was the same as my starter yogurt and was without the pithy texture. Therefore, it seems that it is, in fact, the difference in fermentation, which depends on the types of bacteria cultures in a given yogurt that determine the texture of Greek vs non-Greek yogurt.  <sep>  Q: What causes the texture difference between Greek style yogurt and regular yogurt? A: the difference in fermentation, which depends on the types of bacteria cultures in a given yogurt that determine the texture of Greek vs non-Greek yogurt 
Output: How could the texture of Greek style yogurt be described?
CONTEXT: As someone who uses liquid nitrogen as part of their daily routine (in a lab) and who has made liquid nitrogen ice cream on several occasions, my advice would be to not use a plastic container to hold liquid nitrogen unless it's designed to. Yes, the plastic vessel may become brittle and may fracture. I have seen some materials shatter with extreme violence when frozen with liquid nitrogen; do not attempt this. Vessels for handling cryogenic liquids are designed especially for the job, and made from materials such as stainless steel, styrofoam, teflon, HDPE or silvered borosilicate glass. Unless you know with certainty that your container is designed to withstand temperatures of -196 Â°C (-321 Â°F), do not attempt this procedure.  <sep>  Q: Can you use liquid nitrogen in a food processor?###Will this break the container since it isn't made of steel? A: As someone who uses liquid nitrogen as part of their daily routine (in a lab) and who has made liquid nitrogen ice cream on several occasions  Q: Will using liquid nitrogen in the container harm the food?###Do you know if anyone has tried it? A: the plastic vessel may become brittle and may fracture. I have seen some materials shatter with extreme violence when frozen with liquid nitrogen; do not attempt this  Q: What kind of container would you recommend for this process? A: Vessels for handling cryogenic liquids are designed especially for the job, and made from materials such as stainless steel, styrofoam, teflon, HDPE or silvered borosilicate glass 
Output: Which type of container will retain the temperature of the food better?
CONTEXT: As someone who uses liquid nitrogen as part of their daily routine (in a lab) and who has made liquid nitrogen ice cream on several occasions, my advice would be to not use a plastic container to hold liquid nitrogen unless it's designed to. Yes, the plastic vessel may become brittle and may fracture. I have seen some materials shatter with extreme violence when frozen with liquid nitrogen; do not attempt this. Vessels for handling cryogenic liquids are designed especially for the job, and made from materials such as stainless steel, styrofoam, teflon, HDPE or silvered borosilicate glass. Unless you know with certainty that your container is designed to withstand temperatures of -196 Â°C (-321 Â°F), do not attempt this procedure.  <sep>  Q: Have you added Liquid nitrogen to make ice cream in food processor? A: Vessels for handling cryogenic liquids are designed especially for the job, and made from materials such as stainless steel, styrofoam, teflon, HDPE or silvered borosilicate glass  Q: Would the extreme cold damage the plastic of the food processor? A: the plastic vessel may become brittle and may fracture 
Output: Is liquid nitrogen food safe?
CONTEXT: The answer depends on where you live, and what type you have brought.In many countries that import chickpeas they heat treat them to kill seed-borne diseases and insects. The heat treatment process makes them more difficult to cook, and soaking times double or triple.Beans from exporters with phytosanitary certificates can be imported without heat treatment; these are the ones you want to get.I don't think you can tell which is which by looking at them. At the moment we have some particularly dark, dry, and dead looking beans that soak up beautifully in 8 hours!Soak non-heat treated beans for 8 to 12 hours, heat treated beans for 24 to 36 hours. Some overly heat treated beans will never fully revive, and you are best to return these to the shop as "faulty".Soak and cook without salt, unless you are going to mash them. They fall apart more readily if salted.If you are not mashing them, the secret to great chickpea taste is after soaking and cooking in water, is to lightly fry them with a little olive oil until dark spot appear, keep them or the pan moving so none burn. Then add the sauce, or add them to whatever dish you are preparing.  <sep>  Q: How should I prepare dried chickpeas?###I've never used dried chickpeas before, but I'm not wanting for chickpea recipes. The bag of dried chickpeas I got contains no instructions for cooking. I know that I need to soak them in water for a period X and then cook them for a period Y. A: The answer depends on where you live, and what type you have brought 
Output: how long should I soak them before cooking?
CONTEXT: The overcooked exterior and undercooked interior indicates that your oil temperature is too high or your fritters are too large. You should be able to solve your problem by frying at a lower temperature and/or making the fritters smaller. 340Â°F-360Â°F seems to be the temperature used by many recipes for fritters.  <sep>  Q: Why are my apple fritters too doughy in the center? A: You should be able to solve your problem by frying at a lower temperature and/or making the fritters smaller  Q: Will they still have a crispy outside? A: The overcooked exterior and undercooked interior indicates that your oil temperature is too high or your fritters are too large 
Output: Ok, and making them smaller won't make them dense?
CONTEXT: The overcooked exterior and undercooked interior indicates that your oil temperature is too high or your fritters are too large. You should be able to solve your problem by frying at a lower temperature and/or making the fritters smaller. 340Â°F-360Â°F seems to be the temperature used by many recipes for fritters.  <sep>  Q: Why are my apple fritters too doughy in the center? A: oil temperature is too high or your fritters are too large  Q: What advice can you give me on temperature and size? A: You should be able to solve your problem by frying at a lower temperature and/or making the fritters smaller 
Output: Is there a change I can make to my recipe such as adding less water?
CONTEXT: I always submerged mine in warm water and, bare handed, worked the cap until it came free. The water should dissolve the salt with the help of the mechanical action. That was with glass bottoms and metal tops. You should be able to brute force your full metal shaker with no ill effect as the metal will have a much higher shear strength than the salt that is binding it.  <sep>  Q: have you untwist a salt shaker before? A: I always submerged mine in warm water and, bare handed, worked the cap until it came free  Q: I can try that but is there a better way? A: The water should dissolve the salt with the help of the mechanical action 
Output: will it not render the rest of the salt useless by getting it in water?
CONTEXT: I always submerged mine in warm water and, bare handed, worked the cap until it came free. The water should dissolve the salt with the help of the mechanical action. That was with glass bottoms and metal tops. You should be able to brute force your full metal shaker with no ill effect as the metal will have a much higher shear strength than the salt that is binding it.  <sep>  Q: Any idea how to get a stuck lid off a salt shaker? A: I always submerged mine in warm water and, bare handed, worked the cap until it came free  Q: How long do I leave it in the warm water? A: The water should dissolve the salt with the help of the mechanical action 
Output: So will all the salt inside dissolve or only where the lid is stuck?
CONTEXT: 45 minutes of boiling is more than enough time to soften potatoes regardless of altitude.Parboiling potatoes before roasting frees up and gelatinizes starches on the outside of the potatoes that then get nice and crunchy when roasted. It will not do anything useful in your stew.The likely culprit for your potatoes not softening is probably acid.When potatoes are boiled with acid (lemon juice, vinegar, tomatoes, etc) the acid and heat will cause the pectin in the surface of the potatoes to gel. This is sometimes desirable for things like French fries but it can make them too firm in other cases.If your recipe has acidic ingredients you can add them near the end of cooking or at least after the potatoes have had time to soften properly.  <sep>  Q: Is parboiling potatoes going to make them softer in a stew? A: Parboiling potatoes before roasting frees up and gelatinizes starches on the outside of the potatoes that then get nice and crunchy when roasted. It will not do anything useful in your stew  Q: What do you mean gelantinizes? A: When potatoes are boiled with acid (lemon juice, vinegar, tomatoes, etc) the acid and heat will cause the pectin in the surface of the potatoes to gel 
Output: Do you recommend boiling the potatoes with lemon juice?
CONTEXT: To clarify: forced-air (a/k/a "convection", a/k/a "fan bake") ovens rely on a fan to circulate the air in the oven. The fast-moving air substantially enhances the rate at which heat is transferred to the food. It is particularly good where you want the surface to brown, such as roasts and breads; it is not as good for more delicate items, such as custards and cakes, which can set too quickly or get dried out. For cookies, it depends on what effect you want, but many standard types do well in forced-air ovens because the fan helps ensure that the whole oven stays at a uniform temperature despite the presence of several trays. (Of course, the tray closest to the heating element will still cook faster than the one farthest away, so you will still have to swap them partway through.)The general rule for using the fan is to set the oven temperature 25 degrees F (15 C) lower than what the recipe calls for using in a regular oven. Even then, don't go strictly by cooking time, as ovens vary; rather, be sure to check on your food regularly to see how fast it is cooking. You may need to cover your food to prevent over-browning, or perhaps adjust the oven temperature.  <sep>  Q: Is it better to use a fan when baking ? A: It is particularly good where you want the surface to brown, such as roasts and breads  Q: Should the fan be on high or low speed ? A: it depends on what effect you want 
Output: what are the cases when it is better to not use a fan ?
CONTEXT: To clarify: forced-air (a/k/a "convection", a/k/a "fan bake") ovens rely on a fan to circulate the air in the oven. The fast-moving air substantially enhances the rate at which heat is transferred to the food. It is particularly good where you want the surface to brown, such as roasts and breads; it is not as good for more delicate items, such as custards and cakes, which can set too quickly or get dried out. For cookies, it depends on what effect you want, but many standard types do well in forced-air ovens because the fan helps ensure that the whole oven stays at a uniform temperature despite the presence of several trays. (Of course, the tray closest to the heating element will still cook faster than the one farthest away, so you will still have to swap them partway through.)The general rule for using the fan is to set the oven temperature 25 degrees F (15 C) lower than what the recipe calls for using in a regular oven. Even then, don't go strictly by cooking time, as ovens vary; rather, be sure to check on your food regularly to see how fast it is cooking. You may need to cover your food to prevent over-browning, or perhaps adjust the oven temperature.  <sep>  Q: When to use convection/fan bake vs bake###Are there any general rules to follow when choosing between bake and fan bake to cook something in the oven? A: The general rule for using the fan is to set the oven temperature 25 degrees F (15 C) lower than what the recipe calls for using in a regular oven  Q: What effect does each have and what are the advantages and disadvantages of both? A: forced-air (a/k/a "convection", a/k/a "fan bake") ovens rely on a fan to circulate the air in the oven. The fast-moving air substantially enhances the rate at which heat is transferred to the food 
Output: I see. Anything else I need to know
CONTEXT: To clarify: forced-air (a/k/a "convection", a/k/a "fan bake") ovens rely on a fan to circulate the air in the oven. The fast-moving air substantially enhances the rate at which heat is transferred to the food. It is particularly good where you want the surface to brown, such as roasts and breads; it is not as good for more delicate items, such as custards and cakes, which can set too quickly or get dried out. For cookies, it depends on what effect you want, but many standard types do well in forced-air ovens because the fan helps ensure that the whole oven stays at a uniform temperature despite the presence of several trays. (Of course, the tray closest to the heating element will still cook faster than the one farthest away, so you will still have to swap them partway through.)The general rule for using the fan is to set the oven temperature 25 degrees F (15 C) lower than what the recipe calls for using in a regular oven. Even then, don't go strictly by cooking time, as ovens vary; rather, be sure to check on your food regularly to see how fast it is cooking. You may need to cover your food to prevent over-browning, or perhaps adjust the oven temperature.  <sep>  Q: When should I use the convection bake instead of the regular bake? A: To clarify: forced-air (a/k/a "convection", a/k/a "fan bake") ovens rely on a fan to circulate the air in the oven. The fast-moving air substantially enhances the rate at which heat is  Q: Should I use it for everything, then? A: It is particularly good where you want the surface to brown, such as roasts and breads 
Output: That is helpful to know! Is it good for roasting vegetables?
CONTEXT: Yes it should - sort of. Your observation is right on point, a very rich dough will tear more easily. (I did the same experiment once myself.) But it will still show some characteristics of the windowpane test: it will stretch smoothly and the "pane" should be very even, not show streaks of thicker and thinner areas. Note that the temperature of your dough and thus the consistency of your fat may have an influence as well. While warm doughs with soft fat will be very stretchy, cool doughs (made with cold ingredients and little yeast for an overnight cold raise) can be less cooperative.If you are familiar with how a "ready" non-enriched dough looks that passes the windowpane test, you will probably recognise the same smoothness in an enriched dough anyway, without performing the test. For this specific recipe, I guess it's the very low hydration that makes the windowpane test difficult and the dough prone to tearing, not the fat.  <sep>  Q: Should enriched doughs pass the windowpane test? A: Yes it should - sort of 
Output: how long should I knead for?
CONTEXT: Yes it should - sort of. Your observation is right on point, a very rich dough will tear more easily. (I did the same experiment once myself.) But it will still show some characteristics of the windowpane test: it will stretch smoothly and the "pane" should be very even, not show streaks of thicker and thinner areas. Note that the temperature of your dough and thus the consistency of your fat may have an influence as well. While warm doughs with soft fat will be very stretchy, cool doughs (made with cold ingredients and little yeast for an overnight cold raise) can be less cooperative.If you are familiar with how a "ready" non-enriched dough looks that passes the windowpane test, you will probably recognise the same smoothness in an enriched dough anyway, without performing the test. For this specific recipe, I guess it's the very low hydration that makes the windowpane test difficult and the dough prone to tearing, not the fat.  <sep>  Q: Should enriched doughs pass the windowpane test? A: it will still show some characteristics of the windowpane test: it will stretch smoothly and the "pane" should be very even  Q: My first attempt didn't, how do I get it to pass this test? A: the temperature of your dough and thus the consistency of your fat may have an influence  Q: What temperature should my dough be at? A: warm doughs with soft fat will be very stretchy, cool doughs (made with cold ingredients and little yeast for an overnight cold raise) can be less cooperative  Q: What kinds of soft fat works best? A: it's the very low hydration that makes the windowpane test difficult and the dough prone to tearing, not the fat  Q: Does the amount of time I knead the dough play a factor? A: not show streaks of thicker and thinner areas 
Output: How long should I knead it for?
CONTEXT: Short answer: no, there's no standard scale.First of all, I'm pretty sure it's common enough for stoves of varying power to use the same range of numbers. I see an awful lot of stoves that go up to 10 in the US, and I'm quite confident they're not all the same.Second, the real property of a stove is its power output, not its temperature. You can clearly see this if you go look at gas stoves - they're described in units of power (BTUs in the US, hooray). The temperature resulting from a given power will depend greatly on what you're cooking. A burner with nothing on it will have a much higher temperature than one with a heavy pot of boiling water on it. To a lesser degree, the temperature will also depend on the environment - a cooler room with some air circulation will keep the burner a bit cooler than a warm room with still air.So, if you really want to know what you're getting, you have to look up the power output of the stove - or failing that, maybe try to measure it yourself.  <sep>  Q: How hot are electric home stoves? A: the real property of a stove is its power output, not its temperature 
Output: How do you set the temperature of the electric home stove?
CONTEXT: Short answer: no, there's no standard scale.First of all, I'm pretty sure it's common enough for stoves of varying power to use the same range of numbers. I see an awful lot of stoves that go up to 10 in the US, and I'm quite confident they're not all the same.Second, the real property of a stove is its power output, not its temperature. You can clearly see this if you go look at gas stoves - they're described in units of power (BTUs in the US, hooray). The temperature resulting from a given power will depend greatly on what you're cooking. A burner with nothing on it will have a much higher temperature than one with a heavy pot of boiling water on it. To a lesser degree, the temperature will also depend on the environment - a cooler room with some air circulation will keep the burner a bit cooler than a warm room with still air.So, if you really want to know what you're getting, you have to look up the power output of the stove - or failing that, maybe try to measure it yourself.  <sep>  Q: How hot are electric home stoves? A: Short answer: no, there's no standard scale 
Output: So the stove can get hotter than the sun?
CONTEXT: The professional (read: industrial) solution would be maltodextrin powder. It is rather tasteless, has good solubility in liquids, and doesn't change much texturewise. In homemade spice mixes, the popular filler solution are dried breadcrumbs of a very small size (like breadcrumbs for schnitzel breading). They are noticeable, because the mix gets gritty, but the consensus among those who do it is that this is a feature, not a bug. They could also slightly thicken a wet dish (soup, stew), but present no problem when strewn over dry food. You can also use a nut flour made of nuts without much of an own taste, like apricot kernels or low quality overdried almonds. Again, this will be somewhat gritty, but not as hard as the breadcrumn solution.  <sep>  Q: What would make a good, flavorless extender/filler for my spice mix? A: The professional (read: industrial) solution would be maltodextrin powder 
Output: Is maltodextrin powder known by any other names?
CONTEXT: The professional (read: industrial) solution would be maltodextrin powder. It is rather tasteless, has good solubility in liquids, and doesn't change much texturewise. In homemade spice mixes, the popular filler solution are dried breadcrumbs of a very small size (like breadcrumbs for schnitzel breading). They are noticeable, because the mix gets gritty, but the consensus among those who do it is that this is a feature, not a bug. They could also slightly thicken a wet dish (soup, stew), but present no problem when strewn over dry food. You can also use a nut flour made of nuts without much of an own taste, like apricot kernels or low quality overdried almonds. Again, this will be somewhat gritty, but not as hard as the breadcrumn solution.  <sep>  Q: Hello, I am trying to find an extender/filter for my spice mix. Any recommendations? A: The professional (read: industrial) solution would be maltodextrin powder. It is rather tasteless, has good solubility in liquids, and doesn't change much texturewise  Q: It does not change the texture much but will it change any other properties of the mix? A: the popular filler solution are dried breadcrumbs of a very small size (like breadcrumbs for schnitzel breading). They are noticeable, because the mix gets gritty  Q: So this is not gluten free? A: You can also use a nut flour made of nuts without much of an own taste, like apricot kernels or low quality overdried almonds 
Output: Awesome! Is there anything that is flavorless?
CONTEXT: I have been told that cedar, white and yellow pine, and many other variaties are safe in normal quantities and have high vitamin content. Some have supposed medicinal effect for headaches, such as cedar. My advice is to look up "tea" or "infusion" with each type of needle you want to try so you can avoid a poisonous concoction. As for white pine, I have made delicious tea for breakfast and for the canteen with it while camping and have survived so far. It goes quite well with wild mint.  <sep>  Q: What are the safety considerations in making pine needle tea? A: My advice is to look up "tea" or "infusion" with each type of needle you want to try so you can avoid a poisonous concoction  Q: If you have access to fresh, bright-green pine needles, A: I have been told that cedar, white and yellow pine, and many other variaties are safe in normal quantities and have high vitamin content 
Output: According to wikipedia, the French explorer Jacques Cartier and his men were saved by the natives showing them how to
CONTEXT: I have been told that cedar, white and yellow pine, and many other variaties are safe in normal quantities and have high vitamin content. Some have supposed medicinal effect for headaches, such as cedar. My advice is to look up "tea" or "infusion" with each type of needle you want to try so you can avoid a poisonous concoction. As for white pine, I have made delicious tea for breakfast and for the canteen with it while camping and have survived so far. It goes quite well with wild mint.  <sep>  Q: What are the safety considerations in making pine needle tea? A: I have been told that cedar, white and yellow pine, and many other variaties are safe in normal quantities and have high vitamin content 
Output: How I can make the most benefit of the vitamins in the tea ?
CONTEXT: Biscuits are notorious for that; they're best eaten right away. If you want to preserve their original texture longer than 12 hours (yes, that short of a time), your best bet is to freeze them as soon as they are cool and eat them within a month or two. Wrap them as air-tightly as possible. You can pop the frozen biscuits in a moderate oven or unwrap and give them an hour or so on the counter to defrost, then warm them. Either way, it's best to serve them warm, they will seem softer and fresher that way.If you've found a recipe you like and think you might want to make them frequently, mix the dry ingredients for multiple batches. If you can weigh the dry mix that you have just mixed, then you're golden. You can make as many or as few biscuits as you want anytime just by using the same proportion of dry, fat and liquid as the original recipe. You can easily make a single biscuit that way or feed a crowd.  <sep>  Q: Where and how do I keep the extra buttermilk biscuits?###I wrapped some buttermilk biscuits in a kitchen towel and kept them in the pantry (they were baked two days ago) but now they dried out and turned to some teeth-breaking biscuits! ###Where and how should I have kept the extra fresh? A: You can pop the frozen biscuits in a moderate oven or unwrap and give them an hour or so on the counter to defrost, then warm them  Q: And they will come out fresh? A: your best bet is to freeze them as soon as they are cool and eat them within a month or two. Wrap them as air-tightly as possible 
Output: IS 2 months the maximum they can last in the freezer for?
CONTEXT: Chelo (or Chellow) kebab refers to the entire dish which consists of the kebabs (usually 2), rice, and usually grilled tomatoes. Sometimes other accompaniments are included as well.The most common types of kebabs used for this dish are koobideh (ground beef) and barg (ground lamb). It is sometimes served with one of each. There are exceptions and, though not as common, other types of kebab may be used.If you perform a Google search for Chelo kebab recipe you will get tons of results. Most of the recipes include both the rice and the kebab.  <sep>  Q: What sort of kebab is used with Chellow Kebab? A: Chelo (or Chellow) kebab refers to the entire dish which consists of the kebabs (usually 2), rice, and usually grilled tomatoes. Sometimes other accompaniments are included as well 
Output: Does it have a special dish in which it is served?
CONTEXT: Maybe! There's one big potential issue: panini presses are hinged differently. There's a bit of variation exactly how, but the effect is that the entire top can lift up, so that it can press down flat on whatever you stick in there. Waffle irons are just designed to be filled, so they hinge at the back. If your sandwich is much smaller than the waffle iron, you can put it in the front part (as far from the hinge as possible), and it won't matter too much, but if it takes up a decent fraction of the area, it'll be squeezed pretty tight at the back compared to the front. This will probably make it cook unevenly, and depending on what you've got in there, might squeeze things out.Some panini presses also have better temperature controls than waffle irons, but that's probably not as much of a concern.So I'd give it a shot and see how it works, plan on possibly flipping your sandwich around halfway through, and don't be too upset if it's not pretty!(rfusca's comment above is also good - if you're able to take off the hinge, you'd avoid the whole problem.)  <sep>  Q: Can I use a waffle iron as a Panini press? A: Maybe! There's one big potential issue: panini presses are hinged differently 
Output: Will that make much of a difference?
CONTEXT: Save the veggies in a freezer bag or air-tight bowl (in the freezer) and when it's full you've got most of vegetable soup without it taking so long.Additional veggies that taste amazing after being slow-cooked with meat for 12 hours: rather, ask, Are there any veggies that won't taste amazing?  <sep>  Q: How can I use leftover vegetables from the slow cooker? A: Save the veggies in a freezer bag or air-tight bowl (in the freezer 
Output: What if I don't want to freeze them?
CONTEXT: My understanding is that what many people call white chili would be considered a green chile stew in a place like New Mexico. It's not red in color because it doesn't have any significant amount of dried red chile in it--it gets whatever heat and chile flavor it has from green chile, which doesn't color the stew significantly.As to defining chili, I think you could work on a definition forever. Apart from the notion that a chile is the pepper, which is the main ingredient, and chili is the dish, I don't like to define it too carefully (of course, New Mexicans think the dish is chile too, but what they have is different from Texas chili, even when they use red chiles). I think chili is a stew, though. Most stew isn't chili, but all chili is stew. And I believe that for most people to accept what you're making as chili, it would have to include a significant dose of dried red chile powder.So if you can accept the validity of white chili at all, and what you're making has almost all green chiles and very little red chile, then I'd say you're making a white chili. Or a green chile stew--which would be my preferential term in this case.  <sep>  Q: What makes white chili white? A: it doesn't have any significant amount of dried red chile in it 
Output: What color is white chili really supposed to be?
CONTEXT: Egg-whites in a carton are usually pasteurized. Pasteurized eggs are not great for meringue because the heat from the pasteurization process negatively affects the proteins in the whites that make for good meringue. With a lot of whipping (and more cream of tartar or other stabilizers) pasteurized egg whites (whether from pasteurized eggs or from cartons) can make meringue though it most likely won't be as stiff as those from non-pasteurized eggs.I would suggest getting regular eggs and trying to use the left-over yolks for something like creme brulee.  <sep>  Q: Can I make meringues with commercial egg whites? A: Egg-whites in a carton are usually pasteurized 
Output: Aren't all eggs pasteurized?
CONTEXT: The feeding/maintenance of your starter is the same regardless of flour. Remove and discard (or use elsewhere) half or more of starter. Add fresh flour and water in the desired proportions. Stir. As your starter matures, it becomes acidic. Too much acidity interferes with yeast activity in the bread making process. That is why you need to remove a portion of the "spent" starter each time you feed.  <sep>  Q: How do I feed a sour culture? A: Remove and discard (or use elsewhere) half or more of starter  Q: What goes into the starter? A: Add fresh flour and water in the desired proportions  Q: Is 70g flour and 70g warm water the correct proportions? A: Add fresh flour and water in the desired proportions. Stir. As your starter matures, it becomes acidic 
Output: Is there a specific type of flour I should use?
CONTEXT: The feeding/maintenance of your starter is the same regardless of flour. Remove and discard (or use elsewhere) half or more of starter. Add fresh flour and water in the desired proportions. Stir. As your starter matures, it becomes acidic. Too much acidity interferes with yeast activity in the bread making process. That is why you need to remove a portion of the "spent" starter each time you feed.  <sep>  Q: How do I add flour to sour culture ? A: Remove and discard (or use elsewhere) half or more of starter. Add fresh flour and water in the desired proportions 
Output: What is the proportion I should add flour and water in ?
CONTEXT: The meaty taste is Umami. It is the flavour of monosodium glutamate, in the same way that salty is the flavour of salt.Both mushrooms and tomatoes of the right variety are quite rich in it, as is yeast extract. You can also just buy the stuff commercially.Don't worry about the stigma attached to it, it's not actually toxic or anything.  <sep>  Q: What are the ingredients that make vegan meat taste like real meat? A: The meaty taste is Umami. It is the flavour of monosodium glutamate, in the same way that salty is the flavour of salt 
Output: How can I recreate Umami in a vegan burger ?
CONTEXT: It's typically a problem with large pockets of air in the dough before you bake it.For the cinnamon swirl bread, try to make sure that you're not getting air trapped when rolling it. For other loaves, you want to make sure to punch it down well after the first rise, and make sure you aren't trapping air in it if you're doing a stretch and fold when shaping it.  <sep>  Q: What causes gaps/holes in homemade bread? A: It's typically a problem with large pockets of air in the dough before you bake it 
Output: I am making cinnamon swirl bread and how can i avoid this?