niryuu/sni-each-converted huggingface dataset:
CONTEXT: The trick is not storage, but washing. These types of dishes soak up loads of water if you dip them in. I wash these types of dishes in an empty sink and then try them right away. I would also never put them into the dishwasher. If they get too damp you need to dry them our, the best way I've found is to warm an oven, turn it off, and then to put the dishes in leaving the door cracked open. The heat will drive the moisture out and the open door will allow the moisture to escape. As for storage a dry cupboard should do just fine.  <sep>  Q: How to store clay dishes? A: The trick is not storage, but washing. These types of dishes soak up loads of water if you dip them in 
Output: How can I prevent mold in storage of these dishes?
CONTEXT: I make bacon and other cured meats frequently. I find that the amount of liquid released from pork belly varies. That is not a useful measure of how the cure is proceeding. Bacon, in particular, is usually cooked after the cure, so I don't worry too much. I use the salt-box method, coat the belly in cure mixture, place in large zip lock, place in container slightly larger than belly and put in fridge. Flip every day or so for a week. What I look for next is a firming up of the belly. I pinch it. If it has firmed up after a week, I move on to hot smoking (or you could use your oven). If it still feels soft, I give it another day or two.  <sep>  Q: How much juice should come out when I'm curing pork belly? A: I find that the amount of liquid released from pork belly varies 
Output: My latest batch has extracted less than half of the juice of the first two. Is this normal?
CONTEXT: I make bacon and other cured meats frequently. I find that the amount of liquid released from pork belly varies. That is not a useful measure of how the cure is proceeding. Bacon, in particular, is usually cooked after the cure, so I don't worry too much. I use the salt-box method, coat the belly in cure mixture, place in large zip lock, place in container slightly larger than belly and put in fridge. Flip every day or so for a week. What I look for next is a firming up of the belly. I pinch it. If it has firmed up after a week, I move on to hot smoking (or you could use your oven). If it still feels soft, I give it another day or two.  <sep>  Q: how much juice should come out when curing pork belly for bacon? A: I make bacon and other cured meats frequently. I find that the amount of liquid released from pork belly varies  Q: How will i know if the pork belly is curing properly? A: That is not a useful measure of how the cure is proceeding. Bacon, in particular, is usually cooked after the cure, so I don't worry too much  Q: How much salt should i use? A: I use the salt-box method, coat the belly in cure mixture, place in large zip lock, place in container slightly larger than belly and put in fridge  Q: How long should i leave it in the fridge? A: Flip every day or so for a week. What I look for next is a firming up of the belly 
Output: Should I include anything else besides salt during curing?
CONTEXT: This 'trick' is used by many a fine chef. Meat is salted, wrapped and refrigerated hours or even overnight, prior to cooking. Yes, salt will draw moisture from the meat initially, but over time that moisture will migrate back into the meat taking the salt with it! The salt also breaks down the protein structure in the muscle rendering a more tender steak.The steak is rinsed and dried (a wet steak will steam not char), seasoned, and fired.Ground beef can be handled in the same fashion. Using a medium or coarse salt and erring on the less salty side, you can find the right proportion to suit your taste. Season before forming or after. Some contend that the seasoning is made bitter by the heat and flame of the grill. Go figure.Other tips: The meat should be mixed and formed with a gentle hand â use only as much pressure as it takes to hold the patties together. For almost foolproof rare or medium-rare meat, go right from fridge to grill.  <sep>  Q: Do you know why, what makes a burger taste so salty? A: This 'trick' is used by many a fine chef. Meat is salted, wrapped and refrigerated hours or even overnight, prior to cooking  Q: Is there anything I can do to get this result when cooking beef burgers at home? A: Ground beef can be handled in the same fashion 
Output: Could the grill temperature play a factor?
CONTEXT: For the same reason that fast food burgers are often dry :) When beef hits high heat, the juices go in the opposite direction. This is why when pan-frying a steak, you know it's close to medium rare once you see the juices start to come through the top. The fat in burgers does the same thing, it moves away from the heat source, and back into the rest of the meat. That's just what happens when meat cooks and constricts. Many fast food joints use a double grill (you pull an inverted flat top down on top of the burger on the flat top). Whoops, there goes practically everything moist in the 3 or so minutes they cook them.Using steam, you make this a much gentler process. As the patty is cooking from the top and bottom and sides at once, but with a more gentle heat, the fat (and some juices) come out instead of going to hide on the other side of the patty that isn't on a heat source.  <sep>  Q: How does adding water to the pan help the burger become better ? A: Using steam, you make this a much gentler process. As the patty is cooking from the top and bottom and sides at once 
Output: Will the burger get too soggy if I add water ?
CONTEXT: Brining is great to begin with. Use a bone-in, skin on chicken breast. Once it's done you can remove the skin and carve off the bone if you like.Also, set up 2 heat zones in your grill (either by banking your coals or by turning off a gas burner). Brown it for a few minutes over the hot zone, then transfer to the cooler zone to finish cooking, until temp comes to 165-170 degrees.Then remove from heat and wait at least 5 minutes to slice.  <sep>  Q: How do you keep chicken breast juicy when grilling? A: Brining is great to begin with 
Output: wouldn't that result in a salty taste?
CONTEXT: Macadamia is as close as you will find for the texture and oil content. As you are using it for spice pastes -the only use I have had for them- then macs are an excellent carrier. That slightly bitter and sometimes soapy aftertaste, I have yet to find a substitute for. What's a Laksa without that flavor component?  <sep>  Q: Substituting for Candlenuts in Indonesian Food, any advise? A: Macadamia is as close as you will find for the texture and oil content 
Output: This includes many of the various rendangs and sambals, such as Sambal Kemiri. as well ?
CONTEXT: Yes, it would taste different-Sugar chrystals are made of sucrose saccharose(glucose combined with fructose), if you boil sugar with an acid (milk is slightly acidic[ph 6.5-7]) your sugar splits into its monomers-fructose and glucose(invert-sugar). Fructose fits into your taste receptors better than sucrose or fructose causing it to taste sweeter(1.73 x sweeter).  <sep>  Q: Hello! I was wondering if sugar is better to put in tea after boiling it? I am from Punjab and am not used to this method. A: Sugar chrystals are made of sucrose saccharose(glucose combined with fructose 
Output: That is really good to know but If I but is there a difference between putting the sugar in the tea after boiling?
CONTEXT: Yes, it would taste different-Sugar chrystals are made of sucrose saccharose(glucose combined with fructose), if you boil sugar with an acid (milk is slightly acidic[ph 6.5-7]) your sugar splits into its monomers-fructose and glucose(invert-sugar). Fructose fits into your taste receptors better than sucrose or fructose causing it to taste sweeter(1.73 x sweeter).  <sep>  Q: Is Sugar in tea better if put after boiling? A: if you boil sugar with an acid (milk is slightly acidic[ph 6.5-7]) your sugar splits  Q: How do I make the tea stronger tasting? A: nom  Q: What measurement of water do I use? A: c 
Output: I've heard using real china effects the taste, is this true?
CONTEXT: I think you've answered your question yourself. You use the bean itself to make vanilla sugar, so obviously there is much flavour in it as well and not just in the seeds.My experience is that you get much more flavour out of the pod if you let it simmer in warm milk/fluid.  <sep>  Q: Is there really a difference by throwing the vanilla pod in as well? A: My experience is that you get much more flavour out of the pod if you let it simmer in warm milk/fluid 
Output: can the pod be reused?
CONTEXT: I think you've answered your question yourself. You use the bean itself to make vanilla sugar, so obviously there is much flavour in it as well and not just in the seeds.My experience is that you get much more flavour out of the pod if you let it simmer in warm milk/fluid.  <sep>  Q: Is there really a difference by throwing the vanilla pod in as well? A: there is much flavour in it as well and not just in the seeds  Q: Is the pod edible? A: You use the bean itself to make vanilla sugar  Q: I like to reuse the pod for vanilla extract or vanilla sugar, is that okay? A: there is much flavour in it as well and not just in the seeds  Q: Is there anything else I should know about the vanilla pod or seeds? A: My experience is that you get much more flavour out of the pod if you let it simmer in warm milk/fluid 
Output: How long do you suggest simmering for?
CONTEXT: Most recipes I am aware of simply press crushed pepper onto the steak. It is true that some will fall off, but these recipes apply pepper generously with that in mind. I have not come across the egg white method (not sure I want egg white on my steak), but I did see a recipe that adds crushed pepper to melted butter, then coating the steak with the mixture, then chilling before cooking. Regardless of the approach, I think allowing the meat to chill with the pepper will help.  <sep>  Q: How to e keep peppercorn rub from falling of steak when searing? A: It is true that some will fall off, but these recipes apply pepper generously with that in mind  Q: Can I use something like egg whites to keep it attached? A: I have not come across the egg white method  Q: Could you use anything else? A: I did see a recipe that adds crushed pepper to melted butter  Q: How do you apply that? A: coating the steak with the mixture, then chilling before cooking 
Output: How long should I chill?
CONTEXT: Absolutely! Metal skewers contribute to cooking the meat from the center as they pick up heat from the exposed parts and conduct it throughout.It is a good idea not to crowd your metal skewers with pieces of food to promote this. Not crowding the skewers also exposes more surface area for the food to caramelize. Doing this on a wooden skewer runs the risk of burning the skewers and losing food into the grill.  <sep>  Q: Do metal skewers make a considerable different cooking time than wooden? A: Absolutely! Metal skewers contribute to cooking the meat from the center as they pick up heat from the exposed parts and conduct it throughout  Q: Are wooden skewers reuseable? A: runs the risk of burning the skewers 
Output: How much less time should I grill kebabs with metal skewers?
CONTEXT: Absolutely! Metal skewers contribute to cooking the meat from the center as they pick up heat from the exposed parts and conduct it throughout.It is a good idea not to crowd your metal skewers with pieces of food to promote this. Not crowding the skewers also exposes more surface area for the food to caramelize. Doing this on a wooden skewer runs the risk of burning the skewers and losing food into the grill.  <sep>  Q: Do metal skewers make a considerable different cooking time than wooden? A: Metal skewers contribute to cooking the meat from the center as they pick up heat from the exposed parts and conduct it throughout 
Output: So, metal skewers are definitely better than wooden?
CONTEXT: I wouldn't say 'hazardous', but there's additional risk.You basically need to take the fully cooked bird, and cool it down quickly so it doesn't spend too long in the 'danger zone'. And the same for the stuffing.Then you have to reheat them back up to a safe temperature ... the stuffing you can add extra liquid to, and make sure it gets up to the necessary temperature, but the turkey itelf is going to be difficult to reheat without drying out (maybe if it were brined it'd be better, but still less than ideal).I'd say in all, you'd save some time the day of, but the total time spent is going to be much longer, there's an increased risk of food-related illness, and there's an overall lower quality.If the main interest is in reducing cooking time, I'd start with not stuffing the bird. I'd also make sure that it's well thawed in advance (too many people leave it for the night before). If you really wanted to reduce time, you might be able to butterfly the bird, but it'd then be too wide for most ovens. (maybe do it on two trays?)  <sep>  Q: Is it safe to fully cook a stuffed turkey the night before thanksgiving? A: I wouldn't say 'hazardous', but there's additional risk  Q: What are the additional risks? A: You basically need to take the fully cooked bird, and cool it down quickly so it doesn't spend too long in the 'danger zone 
Output: If I empty the cavity of stuffing after I cook it thoroughly, and reheat the turkey and stuffing separately the next day, will its consumption be hazardous?
CONTEXT: I wouldn't say 'hazardous', but there's additional risk.You basically need to take the fully cooked bird, and cool it down quickly so it doesn't spend too long in the 'danger zone'. And the same for the stuffing.Then you have to reheat them back up to a safe temperature ... the stuffing you can add extra liquid to, and make sure it gets up to the necessary temperature, but the turkey itelf is going to be difficult to reheat without drying out (maybe if it were brined it'd be better, but still less than ideal).I'd say in all, you'd save some time the day of, but the total time spent is going to be much longer, there's an increased risk of food-related illness, and there's an overall lower quality.If the main interest is in reducing cooking time, I'd start with not stuffing the bird. I'd also make sure that it's well thawed in advance (too many people leave it for the night before). If you really wanted to reduce time, you might be able to butterfly the bird, but it'd then be too wide for most ovens. (maybe do it on two trays?)  <sep>  Q: Is it safe to fully cook a stuffed turkey the night before thanksgiving? A: I wouldn't say 'hazardous', but there's additional risk  Q: Hello?###What are the additional risks? A: You basically need to take the fully cooked bird, and cool it down quickly so it doesn't spend too long in the 'danger zone 
Output: What is the danger zone for a cooked bird?
CONTEXT: Can't comment on the nutritional side of things, but the main reason I can think of for not always including it is that it has a slightly different flavour. A much more intense lemon flavour is provided by the zest while the juice has the more tart elements (and of course water).If you're just interested in avoiding waste, you can freeze the zest.  <sep>  Q: Are there any reasons not to include the zest when citrus juice is an ingredient? A: Can't comment on the nutritional side of things, but the main reason I can think of for not always including it is that it has a slightly different flavour 
Output: I can't help but find it wasteful to just squeeze the fruit, you?
CONTEXT: Can't comment on the nutritional side of things, but the main reason I can think of for not always including it is that it has a slightly different flavour. A much more intense lemon flavour is provided by the zest while the juice has the more tart elements (and of course water).If you're just interested in avoiding waste, you can freeze the zest.  <sep>  Q: Are there any reasons not to include the zest when citrus juice is an ingredient? A: Can't comment on the nutritional side of things, but the main reason I can think of for not always including it is that it has a slightly different flavour  Q: What can I do to avoid so much waste? A: If you're just interested in avoiding waste, you can freeze the zest  Q: Good idea. Any other suggestions? A: A much more intense lemon flavour is provided by the zest while the juice has the more tart elements (and of course water 
Output: What types of things do you put zest in?
CONTEXT: Can't comment on the nutritional side of things, but the main reason I can think of for not always including it is that it has a slightly different flavour. A much more intense lemon flavour is provided by the zest while the juice has the more tart elements (and of course water).If you're just interested in avoiding waste, you can freeze the zest.  <sep>  Q: Are there any reasons not to include the zest when citrus juice is an ingredient? A: the main reason I can think of for not always including it is that it has a slightly different flavour  Q: How does the zest change the flavor? A: A much more intense lemon flavour is provided by the zest 
Output: Is it the same for all citrus fruits?
CONTEXT: It is not simply a matter of strong versus weak. Rather, different qualities are extracted from the coffee over different parts of the brewing process. The most volatile components are extracted early in the brew, and the less volatile components come out over the length of the brew.So the distribution of flavors varies over the brew. Total brew time is carefully calibrated in quality coffee makers to extract the most desirable flavors possible, and minimize the least desirable.By taking some out early, you are guaranteed a bad first cup, and are consigning the remainder of the pot to be less than it could be.For best quality, you should wait for the entire brew, so that the flavors are balanced from the entire brew time.  <sep>  Q: Which part of the coffee brew is best? A: For best quality, you should wait for the entire brew, so that the flavors are balanced from the entire brew time  Q: Is the coffee that is first dispensed from the machine the same quality as the coffee which is dispensed in the middle or end of the process? A: By taking some out early, you are guaranteed a bad first cup, and are consigning the remainder of the pot to be less than it could be  Q: Would the first cup be too strong? A: For best quality, you should wait for the entire brew  Q: Sometimes at work, I don't feel like waiting for 10 cups to brew, is that a problem? A: The most volatile components are extracted early in the brew, and the less volatile components come out over the length of the brew 
Output: Does it usually take 3 minutes for ten cups to finish brewing?
CONTEXT: It is not simply a matter of strong versus weak. Rather, different qualities are extracted from the coffee over different parts of the brewing process. The most volatile components are extracted early in the brew, and the less volatile components come out over the length of the brew.So the distribution of flavors varies over the brew. Total brew time is carefully calibrated in quality coffee makers to extract the most desirable flavors possible, and minimize the least desirable.By taking some out early, you are guaranteed a bad first cup, and are consigning the remainder of the pot to be less than it could be.For best quality, you should wait for the entire brew, so that the flavors are balanced from the entire brew time.  <sep>  Q: Which part of the coffee brew is best? A: It is not simply a matter of strong versus weak. Rather, different qualities are extracted from the coffee over different parts of the brewing process 
Output: Do different parts of the brew taste different?
CONTEXT: In Britain (and France), the large purple varieties are known as aubergines. Other (pale and/or small) varieties aren't usually found outside of Asian supermarkets, where I imagine they are still referred to as brinjal.The name 'eggplant' is used in the US, Canada, and the Antipodes, mainly because the lighter varieties are more common there, which arguably have the colour of eggshell.They are, however, all just different varieties of the same plant, like yellow and red tomatoes.  <sep>  Q: What are purple small Brinjals called in English? A: The name 'eggplant' is used in the US, Canada 
Output: what are the white and green ones called?
CONTEXT: In Britain (and France), the large purple varieties are known as aubergines. Other (pale and/or small) varieties aren't usually found outside of Asian supermarkets, where I imagine they are still referred to as brinjal.The name 'eggplant' is used in the US, Canada, and the Antipodes, mainly because the lighter varieties are more common there, which arguably have the colour of eggshell.They are, however, all just different varieties of the same plant, like yellow and red tomatoes.  <sep>  Q: What are purple small Brinjals called in English? A: In Britain (and France), the large purple varieties are known as aubergines 
Output: There are white and green Brinjals too. Do they have a different name?
CONTEXT: The old thin utensils were made of Nylon.The reasons they are hard to find is that traditional Nylon is difficult to manufacture within food standard guidelines for PAA (Primary Aromatic Amines) migration, and does not bio-degrade or burn safely. For relevant references, your local government health department will have papers on PAA migration.Given that, many utensil manufactures have moved on to other plastics, mostly silicone. Though some use PA66 (Nylon 6,6), which is that thick chunky black plastic stuff.Try wooden spatulas. They are simple, clean, disposable, and you can get them in thin wedge shapes (e.g. at Asian supply shops).  <sep>  Q: Where did the thin, smooth plastic spatulas go? A: The reasons they are hard to find is that traditional Nylon is difficult to manufacture within food standard guidelines for PAA 
Output: Why did manufacturers stop making thin, smooth plastic turner spatulas?
CONTEXT: The old thin utensils were made of Nylon.The reasons they are hard to find is that traditional Nylon is difficult to manufacture within food standard guidelines for PAA (Primary Aromatic Amines) migration, and does not bio-degrade or burn safely. For relevant references, your local government health department will have papers on PAA migration.Given that, many utensil manufactures have moved on to other plastics, mostly silicone. Though some use PA66 (Nylon 6,6), which is that thick chunky black plastic stuff.Try wooden spatulas. They are simple, clean, disposable, and you can get them in thin wedge shapes (e.g. at Asian supply shops).  <sep>  Q: Where did the thin, smooth plastic spatulas go?###20 years ago, the most common type of rigid spatula (or "turner") was smooth, thin (as in 3mm or less with a sharp edge), and generally made of nylon.### These spatulas were not very durable (leading edges tended to melt), but they were very very good for making eggs and other delicate non-stick-pan dishes. A: they are hard to find is that traditional Nylon is difficult to manufacture within food standard guidelines for PAA (Primary Aromatic Amines) migration, and does not bio-degrade or burn safely 
Output: Why did manufacturers stop making thin, smooth plastic turner spatulas?
CONTEXT: I would use any uncolored brandy made from distilled fruit. Himbeergeist, sliwowitz, or what you can lay your hands on. Kirsch doesn't taste much like cherries, and I suspect that it functions more as a solvent for some of the aroma in the spices than for adding its own taste. Even though it does contribute a bit, the taste will be subtle, and other slight fruity notes from a different fruit brandy will blend with the heavy spices just as well. In a pinch, you could use a colored brandy too, like Chantre. But it will add more of its own flavor, and while it can make a good combination, it will be further from the original than a random obstwasser. I would avoid any liqueurs, they will add way too much foreign taste, and also won't have enough alcohol to solve the spices in the same way.  <sep>  Q: What can I substitute for Kirsch in Leckerli (Basel Lackerli) cookies? A: I would use any uncolored brandy made from distilled fruit. Himbeergeist, sliwowitz, or what you can lay your hands on 
Output: Is that available here in Boston?
CONTEXT: I would use any uncolored brandy made from distilled fruit. Himbeergeist, sliwowitz, or what you can lay your hands on. Kirsch doesn't taste much like cherries, and I suspect that it functions more as a solvent for some of the aroma in the spices than for adding its own taste. Even though it does contribute a bit, the taste will be subtle, and other slight fruity notes from a different fruit brandy will blend with the heavy spices just as well. In a pinch, you could use a colored brandy too, like Chantre. But it will add more of its own flavor, and while it can make a good combination, it will be further from the original than a random obstwasser. I would avoid any liqueurs, they will add way too much foreign taste, and also won't have enough alcohol to solve the spices in the same way.  <sep>  Q: Are there substitute for Kirsch in Leckerli (Basel Lackerli) cookies? A: In a pinch, you could use a colored brandy too, like Chantre  Q: Would that change the consistency of the cookie dough? A: But it will add more of its own flavor  Q: What kind of colored brandy would you recommend? A: Chantre  Q: Is that a cherry brandy? A: it will be further from the original than a random obstwasser 
Output: What flavor brandy is it?
CONTEXT: The frying pain is still safe to use (unless the ceramic chipped or cracked badly as well). A bit of vinegar (white) and a soft scrubber may get the rest of those burnt bits out as well. Either way, though, as long as the ceramic is intact, you can still use the frying pan safely.  <sep>  Q: Is burnt ceramic frying pan safe to use? A: The frying pain is still safe to use (unless the ceramic chipped or cracked badly as well  Q: What is the best way to clean it? A: A bit of vinegar (white) and a soft scrubber may get the rest of those burnt bits out as well 
Output: What is the best way to keep it from getting burned in the first place?
CONTEXT: Watt specifies the power of the device.Power is defined as energy per unit time. So watt is how quickly your device consumes energy.If it is an efficient device it will convert more of consumed electricity into heat. So given two equally efficient devices the higher watt one will produce more heat faster and can therefore cook faster than the less watt one.And the third part of your question has already been answered above. Yes, higher watt device will consume more electric power.  <sep>  Q: what does watt specify in induction stove A: Watt specifies the power of the device  Q: Does a higher watt induction stove implies that the cooking will be faster? A: So given two equally efficient devices the higher watt one will produce more heat faster and can therefore cook faster than the less watt one 
Output: Is electricity consumption of higher watt induction stove higher?
CONTEXT: Watt specifies the power of the device.Power is defined as energy per unit time. So watt is how quickly your device consumes energy.If it is an efficient device it will convert more of consumed electricity into heat. So given two equally efficient devices the higher watt one will produce more heat faster and can therefore cook faster than the less watt one.And the third part of your question has already been answered above. Yes, higher watt device will consume more electric power.  <sep>  Q: What role does a watt play in an induction stove? A: Watt specifies the power of the device  Q: Do you know if the watt power affects the cooking method? A: watt is how quickly your device consumes energy  Q: Do you know if an electricity consumption of higher watt induction stove higher? A: given two equally efficient devices the higher watt one will produce more heat faster and can therefore cook faster than the less watt one  Q: I see. So, you are suggesting that the higher the watt, the higher the cooking power? A: the higher watt one will produce more heat faster and can therefore cook faster 
Output: So, if I do want to cook food in a rush, then definitely a higher watt induction stove is the one that I require, correct?
CONTEXT: Your best bet is a stone ground bread flour or hard flour in the US that means finding a local mill. At your standard supermarket a high protein bread flour is your only option if you can find it there. I generally have to venture out to a Whole Foods market to find that as my "local" grocery store doesn't carry it. You could also try Tipo 00, I have run across it in some specialty stores. You are looking for the highest gluten content you can find so that you can get the elasticity you need to make proper strudel.  <sep>  Q: What kind of flour is needed for strudel/fillo dough? A: Your best bet is a stone ground bread flour or hard flour in the US  Q: Where in the US can I find this? A: At your standard supermarket a high protein bread flour is your only option if you can find it there. I generally have to venture out to a Whole Foods market 
Output: Where is my closest Whole Foods market located?
CONTEXT: In the US, I normally see them marketed as "heirloom" tomatoes; I don't know if there are specific regulations in the UK or Finland that might have restrictions on the term's use. (like there now is in the US with "organic" )Because they weren't developed for industrialized farming, they didn't focus on breeding in traits that were desired for mass production -- size, round shape, bright color, shelf life, durability in transport.As such, there's a much wider variety, and they tend to be locally grown on small farms (as they don't tend to transport well, or be suitable for mechanized production). They might've been bred for sweetness, tartness, number of fruit per plant, disease resistance, etc, so you can't say that heirlooms necessarily taste better; a locally grown, picked that day non-heirloom tomato might taste just as good.To make this clear -- very few vegetables are produced in a truly 'uncontrolled' environment (maybe 'less controlled' environment)-- humans have been selecting for specific traits for centuries; it's just that the processes used were much less high-tech back then -- you saved the seeds from plants that produced what you liked, it's possible that some might've even been hand-pollinated to cross breed cultivars.)  <sep>  Q: What makes a tomato "heirloom"? A: They might've been bred for sweetness, tartness, number of fruit per plant, disease resistance 
Output: What is the difference between heirloom and conventional tomatoes?
CONTEXT: Topside is quite a tough cut, so I'd tend towards a longer cooking time; as 'low and slow' as possible, really. With other meats, escalopes are usually made using leaner cuts, like chicken breast or pork tenderloin, which would be cooked relatively quickly, so I'm surprised your recipes call for topside.  <sep>  Q: How to properly prepare a beef escalope (from the topside)? A: Topside is quite a tough cut, so I'd tend towards a longer cooking time; as 'low and slow' as possible, really 
Output: I've read times ranging from 15' to two hours... Does it depend on the age of the animal?
CONTEXT: Poaching is a gentle process - the milk isn't boiling so there is no risk of it burning or the like. It will of course not spoil in the sense of it going off, that's a totally different process.Fresh milk is better because, well, it's fresh. Powdered milk would probably work, but if you have fresh, use that.  <sep>  Q: Would using milk powder better than fresh milk when poaching? A: Fresh milk is better because, well, it's fresh. Powdered milk would probably work, but if you have fresh, use that 
Output: So powdered milk would make it taste different?
CONTEXT: For several years, I've been putting canola in a plastic squeeze spray bottle and using that.I do not recommend 'vegatable' oil, which in the USA is usually 100% soy oil and I have found that it gums up and can leave a difficult to clean residueYes, my system can apply too much and do so unevenly too. just use a paper towel to wipe off ecess and even out.Far cheaper with canola priced at about $5 per US gallon versus 8 oz of generic aerosol spray at $1.99  <sep>  Q: How can I make homemade cooking spray? A: For several years, I've been putting canola in a plastic squeeze spray bottle and using that  Q: I think I tried to put oil in a spray bottle before and I don't recall it working very well? A: I do not recommend 'vegatable' oil, which in the USA is usually 100% soy oil and I have found that it gums up and can leave a difficult to clean residue  Q: Have you had good results using a spray bottle? A: my system can apply too much and do so unevenly too. just use a paper towel to wipe off ecess and even out 
Output: Do you add anything else to the oil?
CONTEXT: For several years, I've been putting canola in a plastic squeeze spray bottle and using that.I do not recommend 'vegatable' oil, which in the USA is usually 100% soy oil and I have found that it gums up and can leave a difficult to clean residueYes, my system can apply too much and do so unevenly too. just use a paper towel to wipe off ecess and even out.Far cheaper with canola priced at about $5 per US gallon versus 8 oz of generic aerosol spray at $1.99  <sep>  Q: How do I make homemade cooking spray? A: For several years, I've been putting canola in a plastic squeeze spray bottle and using that  Q: Are there alternatives to canola? A: I do not recommend 'vegatable' oil, which in the USA is usually 100% soy oil  Q: Does the spray bottle get gummed up? A: I have found that it gums up and can leave a difficult to clean residue  Q: How should I clean it? A: my system can apply too much and do so unevenly too. just use a paper towel to wipe off ecess and even out  Q: Any other recommendations for homemade spray? A: Far cheaper with canola priced at about $5 per US gallon versus 8 oz of generic aerosol spray at $1.99 
Output: Is canola healthier?
CONTEXT: I'm not a professional fudger, but here is my theory: one should add it to the boiling mixture. The reason is that butter has milk solids that are said to âburnâ at low temperatures (somewhere in the range 120C-150C or 250F-300F) which just above the soft ball stage (113C or 235F) needed for making fudge. I interpret the burning to mean that those milk solids (sugars and proteins) get a chance to contribute to the Maillard reaction that gives caramel (and its grained cousin the fudge) its great and rich flavor. Given how unique and varied the flavors arising from butter are, I would not want to miss their contribution by adding them after the heat is gone.  <sep>  Q: How is butter used in fudge? A: one should add it to the boiling mixture  Q: My main question here is Why do some recipes put the butter ON the fudge once its hot whereas the professional videos (i.e. youtube mackinac fudge shops) seem to show the butter in the boiling mix? A: The reason is that butter has milk solids that are said to âburnâ at low temperatures (somewhere in the range 120C-150C or 250F-300F) which just above the soft ball stage 
Output: Can margarine be used instead?
CONTEXT: I'm not a professional fudger, but here is my theory: one should add it to the boiling mixture. The reason is that butter has milk solids that are said to âburnâ at low temperatures (somewhere in the range 120C-150C or 250F-300F) which just above the soft ball stage (113C or 235F) needed for making fudge. I interpret the burning to mean that those milk solids (sugars and proteins) get a chance to contribute to the Maillard reaction that gives caramel (and its grained cousin the fudge) its great and rich flavor. Given how unique and varied the flavors arising from butter are, I would not want to miss their contribution by adding them after the heat is gone.  <sep>  Q: Butter usage in fudge? A: I'm not a professional fudger, but here is my theory: one should add it to the boiling mixture  Q: I have a number of questions relating to fudge. Thank you in advance for your help. A: The reason is that butter has milk solids that are said to âburnâ at low temperatures  Q: My main question here is Why do some recipes put the butter ON the fudge once its hot whereas the professional videos (i.e. youtube mackinac fudge shops) seem to show the butter in the boiling mix? A: I interpret the burning to mean that those milk solids (sugars and proteins) get a chance to contribute to the Maillard reaction that gives caramel 
Output: Use of whipping cream in fudge, Why is my chocolate fudge not that dark?
CONTEXT: What an interesting idea. Essentially you're looking to make rice out of potatoes, yes? I can see a couple of options. You could make potato orzo (a small pasta that looks like rice) I suppose; googling recipes for potato pasta should point you in the right direction.You could also, I think use the reverse spherification method. Make mash as you normally would, and then put it through a ricer into an alginate bath. This should preserve the individual 'grains'. You will need to have milk and/or cream in the mash to ensure there is enough calcium for the alginate to react with.  <sep>  Q: How to rice potatoes A: You could make potato orzo (a small pasta that looks like rice 
Output: can you tell me more about this?
CONTEXT: Yep, cocoa and cacao are the same thing.The 72% has sugar making up the rest of the mass. The description on amazon actually mentions that it's 27% sugar and 43.5% cocoa butter. The rest is cocoa solids, the chocolate-y stuff. As you say, that particular brand is pretty expensive; it's also pretty popular and well-regarded. Since it has plenty of sugar in it, you can use it for pretty much anything, including things like coatings, or even just eat some.The 100% is unsweetened (there's no room for any sugar in there) so it's really only usable for things like baking, where you'll add some sugar. It's unlikely to be pleasant to eat on its own.For what it's worth, usually in English you'll hear cacao only when referring to the overall cacao seeds and their use as a component of chocolate. It's not common in non-culinary contexts. For example, we'll say "cocoa powder" not "cacao powder".  <sep>  Q: Chocolate: difference between "Cocoa Mass" and "Cacao"? A: ocoa and cacao are the same thing  Q: what is the difference between cacao and cocoa mass? ###i mean, if one says 100% and the other 72 are they the same? A: The 72% has sugar making up the rest of the mass 
Output: can you tell me about baking chocolate?
CONTEXT: Moist salts are naturally harvested sea salts from which not all the water has been removed. They are noticeably wet, often caking up or forming more of a "slush" than a powder.Some aficionados only believe that sea salt is "real" and "natural" if it is moist. Me, I have enough humidity in the apartment.  <sep>  Q: What is a "moist" salt? A: Moist salts are naturally harvested sea salts from which not all the water has been removed 
Output: What sort of dish would they be recommended for?
CONTEXT: Yes, you can detect the difference. How much of a difference will depend on the quality of both the imitation and of the real thing.That said, it's difficult if not impossible for me to pick out the differences in baked goods. So I keep both around, and use the (much cheaper) imitation stuff for baking, and the real stuff for sauces, icing, custards, milkshakes, etc.Incidentally... In a pinch, bourbon makes a half-decent substitute for vanilla.  <sep>  Q: What is the functional difference between imitation vanilla and true vanilla extract? A: it's difficult if not impossible for me to pick out the differences in baked goods 
Output: Why is it difficult? One is chemically made and the other is an extract
CONTEXT: I tried freezing tzatziki sauce but wasn't happy with it when thawed as it seemed to separate easily and even when mixed thoroughly it seemed to have a different, more watery texture than when fresh.What I do now if I have cucumbers I need to use is to prepare and process them exactly as I would for fresh tzatziki sauce. I freeze the processed cucumber in 1/2 or 1 cup containers and thaw to make fresh tzatziki sauce. Works great and the added bonus is that it doesn't take up as much room in the freezer.  <sep>  Q: Can I freeze Tzatziki sauce? A: I tried freezing tzatziki sauce but wasn't happy with it when thawed as it seemed to separate easily and even when mixed thoroughly it seemed to have a different, more watery texture than when fresh  Q: Is there a way to prevent that from happening? A: I freeze the processed cucumber in 1/2 or 1 cup containers and thaw to make fresh tzatziki sauce. Works great and the added bonus is that it doesn't take up as much room in the freezer 
Output: Can it be canned instead?
CONTEXT: I have used excess ginger by candying it- I boil it for about twenty minutes in a simple syrup, when I take the ginger out of the syrup I place it on a cooling grate and let it cool completely. I then roll each individual piece in turbinado sugar(I have used white sugar too.) To store I place it in a plastic bag with a little extra sugar to prevent the pieces from sticking to each other. I also keep the syrup tightly sealed in the freezer, the syrup is great for cocktails, or as a remedy for an upset stomach. I have also peeled leftover ginger and stored it in a tightly sealed container inside my freezer. This is convienent because when you need ginger, you can easily grate the frozen ginger for your recipe. Generally you can store it frozen for at least a good three months. Hope this helps.  <sep>  Q: What to do with ginger leftover from ginger ale production? A: I have used excess ginger by candying  Q: So, there is usage for those leftovers, how? A: I boil it for about twenty minutes in a simple syrup, when I take the ginger out of the syrup I place it on a cooling grate and let it cool completely 
Output: What portions of each do you do, when cooking syrup and ginger pulp?
CONTEXT: The bottom of the 8" pan is a bit less than half the size. For a 2" deep-dish, there's a 2-inch high (if you take it to the top) 8Ï circumferential strip for another 16Ï, and presumably the 12" dough is for a flat pizza. At 32Ï .vs. 36Ï I'd do the whole box, unless your deep dish isn't really all that deep.I'm also a bit concerned about the "never used" cast iron pan needing some seasoning, but perhaps it's "lodge logic" pre-seasoned.  <sep>  Q: What kind of pizza crust mix for pizza with cast iron pan? A: For a 2" deep-dish, there's a 2-inch high (if you take it to the top) 8Ï circumferential strip for another 16Ï, and presumably the 12" dough is for a flat pizza 
Output: Will that work in an 8" Lodge pan that's 2" deep?
CONTEXT: The bottom of the 8" pan is a bit less than half the size. For a 2" deep-dish, there's a 2-inch high (if you take it to the top) 8Ï circumferential strip for another 16Ï, and presumably the 12" dough is for a flat pizza. At 32Ï .vs. 36Ï I'd do the whole box, unless your deep dish isn't really all that deep.I'm also a bit concerned about the "never used" cast iron pan needing some seasoning, but perhaps it's "lodge logic" pre-seasoned.  <sep>  Q: How much crust mix should I use when making a it for a cast iron pan? A: For a 2" deep-dish, there's a 2-inch high (if you take it to the top) 8Ï circumferential strip for another 16Ï 
Output: Can I make a deep dish pizza with it?
CONTEXT: The bottom of the 8" pan is a bit less than half the size. For a 2" deep-dish, there's a 2-inch high (if you take it to the top) 8Ï circumferential strip for another 16Ï, and presumably the 12" dough is for a flat pizza. At 32Ï .vs. 36Ï I'd do the whole box, unless your deep dish isn't really all that deep.I'm also a bit concerned about the "never used" cast iron pan needing some seasoning, but perhaps it's "lodge logic" pre-seasoned.  <sep>  Q: How much pizza crust mix should I use in a cast iron pan? A: I'd do the whole box, unless your deep dish isn't really all that deep 
Output: Is there any benefit to using a pizza pan instead of a cast iron skillet for baking pizza?
CONTEXT: Mast O Khiar, as you mention mainly consist of plain yogurt and cucumbers and most recipe do not require much more than that. Because of such, the shelf life for the yogurt product will be the shelf life of the yogurt itself. If it is a store bought yogurt, then the shelf life should be about 2 weeks in the refrigerator.Make sure to store the sauce in an air-tight container. Most tubberware should work. Those soup containers from Chinese takeout orders work perfectly.EDIT: After a bit of a debate in cooking chat, I decided to change my answer a little. The reason I said 2 week is because personally I had eaten 2 week old Mast O Khiar. However it could be recipe dependant so it could be different for a different recipe. However it is very easy to tell whether yogurt OR cucumber is bad.Mast O Khiar should have a very fresh/clean aroma. When yogurt turn bad, it releases a rancid smell. If it smells bad, dont eat it.If you see fuzzy mold it's a good idea to throw it out.  <sep>  Q: What is the Shelf life of a yogurt product? A: If it is a store bought yogurt, then the shelf life should be about 2 weeks in the refrigerator 
Output: Is that plain yogurt or can it be mixed with other ingredients?
CONTEXT: Mast O Khiar, as you mention mainly consist of plain yogurt and cucumbers and most recipe do not require much more than that. Because of such, the shelf life for the yogurt product will be the shelf life of the yogurt itself. If it is a store bought yogurt, then the shelf life should be about 2 weeks in the refrigerator.Make sure to store the sauce in an air-tight container. Most tubberware should work. Those soup containers from Chinese takeout orders work perfectly.EDIT: After a bit of a debate in cooking chat, I decided to change my answer a little. The reason I said 2 week is because personally I had eaten 2 week old Mast O Khiar. However it could be recipe dependant so it could be different for a different recipe. However it is very easy to tell whether yogurt OR cucumber is bad.Mast O Khiar should have a very fresh/clean aroma. When yogurt turn bad, it releases a rancid smell. If it smells bad, dont eat it.If you see fuzzy mold it's a good idea to throw it out.  <sep>  Q: What is the shelf life of a yogurt product? A: the shelf life should be about 2 weeks in the refrigerator  Q: I made a large batch of cucumber yogurt sauce, will that stay good for 2 weeks too? A: the shelf life for the yogurt product will be the shelf life of the yogurt itself  Q: What is the recommended temperature for storing yogurt? A: in the refrigerator 
Output: What is the minimum temperature though?
CONTEXT: If "sharp" means too much alcohol left, bring it back to a simmer and cook off more of it, then adjust with more cream if needed.If "sharp" means too acidic, your options are:(1) add more cream and other ingredients to dilute the acid(2) try to mask the acid with a bit of sugar(3) I guess you could try to neutralize the acid with a very small amount of something basic, like baking soda. But that seems like a bad idea, it will probably taste terrible.  <sep>  Q: What is the Way to fix sharp tasting sauce? A: If "sharp" means too much alcohol left, bring it back to a simmer and cook off more of it, then adjust with more cream if needed  Q: How do i keep it from getting sharp in the first place? A: add more cream and other ingredients to dilute the acid 
Output: Do you have to boil every sauce before using it
CONTEXT: If "sharp" means too much alcohol left, bring it back to a simmer and cook off more of it, then adjust with more cream if needed.If "sharp" means too acidic, your options are:(1) add more cream and other ingredients to dilute the acid(2) try to mask the acid with a bit of sugar(3) I guess you could try to neutralize the acid with a very small amount of something basic, like baking soda. But that seems like a bad idea, it will probably taste terrible.  <sep>  Q: Is there a way to fix sharp tasting sauce? A: If "sharp" means too much alcohol left, bring it back to a simmer and cook off more of it, then adjust with more cream if needed  Q: So too much alcohol is why it is sharp tasting? A: If "sharp" means too acidic, your options are 
Output: Will it ruin it if I start simmering it again?