niryuu/sni-each-converted huggingface dataset:
CONTEXT: I think grilling is probably a bad plan for duck legs; the fat content is a real danger like you said, and duck legs are tough enough you probably want to confit them or braise them.If you absolutely have to grill them, I would suggest confiting them at 200 degrees for three or four hours first (you could use veggie oil in a pinch) and then resting them in the fridge for a day or so in oil. As for finishing them on the grill, rinse them off gently, re-season if needed, cook flesh side down on a medium heat portion of the grill for a while until mostly heated through, then flip them over on a high heat portion of the grill to crisp up the skin, watching out for flares.  <sep>  Q: Tips for grilling duck legs? A: I think grilling is probably a bad plan for duck legs  Q: What makes you say that? A: the fat content is a real danger like you said, and duck legs are tough enough you probably want to confit them or braise them  Q: How long should I confit or braise them? A: If you absolutely have to grill them, I would suggest confiting them at 200 degrees for three or four hours first  Q: At what temperature? A: 200 degrees  Q: Are there any other steps? A: then resting them in the fridge for a day or so in oil 
Output: What abouy the grilling process?
CONTEXT: I think grilling is probably a bad plan for duck legs; the fat content is a real danger like you said, and duck legs are tough enough you probably want to confit them or braise them.If you absolutely have to grill them, I would suggest confiting them at 200 degrees for three or four hours first (you could use veggie oil in a pinch) and then resting them in the fridge for a day or so in oil. As for finishing them on the grill, rinse them off gently, re-season if needed, cook flesh side down on a medium heat portion of the grill for a while until mostly heated through, then flip them over on a high heat portion of the grill to crisp up the skin, watching out for flares.  <sep>  Q: Tips for grilling duck legs? A: I think grilling is probably a bad plan for duck legs  Q: What would you recommend as a cooking method to make the meat tender? A: duck legs are tough enough you probably want to confit them or braise them  Q: How long should they be braised for? A: I would suggest confiting them at 200 degrees for three or four hours 
Output: would you recommend any sort of glaze?
CONTEXT: I think grilling is probably a bad plan for duck legs; the fat content is a real danger like you said, and duck legs are tough enough you probably want to confit them or braise them.If you absolutely have to grill them, I would suggest confiting them at 200 degrees for three or four hours first (you could use veggie oil in a pinch) and then resting them in the fridge for a day or so in oil. As for finishing them on the grill, rinse them off gently, re-season if needed, cook flesh side down on a medium heat portion of the grill for a while until mostly heated through, then flip them over on a high heat portion of the grill to crisp up the skin, watching out for flares.  <sep>  Q: Tips for grilling duck legs? A: I think grilling is probably a bad plan for duck legs  Q: Why is it a bad plan? A: the fat content is a real danger like you said, and duck legs are tough enough you probably want to confit them or braise them  Q: Will this make the duck tough? A: If you absolutely have to grill them, I would suggest confiting them at 200 degrees for three or four hours first (you could use veggie oil in a pinch  Q: How do I make them look appealing? A: resting them in the fridge for a day or so in oil  Q: Do you have any other advice to make this melal not turn out as a disaster? A: As for finishing them on the grill, rinse them off gently, re-season if needed, cook flesh side down on a medium heat portion of the grill for a while until mostly heated through 
Output: Do I let them rest after they are cooked?
CONTEXT: Your question is slightly confusing but I'll try to answer your question.As far as I can tell McCoin brand is bags of frozen vegetables (correct me if I am wrong).If it says do not thaw and to cook from frozen, it just means you do not need to thaw it before you cook it. Thawing is the act of unfreezing something. This can be accomplished by leaving something out at room temperature to naturally thaw.So if you have frozen corn and want to put it in chili or soup, just throw the frozen corn directly in without thawing it.  <sep>  Q: Meaning of do not thaw for frozen food A: it just means you do not need to thaw it before you cook it 
Output: and can i use the frozen food again after opening the package?
CONTEXT: Lay them out on a paper towel overnight so that the skins dry completely. This gives the benefit of keeping the frozen blueberries from sticking together without needing lots of freezer space to do a quick freeze individually on a sheet pan. Then bag in a freezer bag and freeze.Note that whenever you freeze fruit, the liquid will burst the cell walls as it thaws, causing the resulting berry to be mushier. In my experience, frozen blueberries aren't good for eating alone. To bake with blueberries, thaw them by placing them in a mesh sieve or collander and running water over them until the water is clear off the bottom (no pigmentation from the skins, which may color your baked goods) and the berries are thawed. Dry the skins before using in baking.Using these techniques I have not once had any of the 30 pounds of blueberries I froze this summer burst in the freezer and have successfully made many blueberry baked goods from the results.  <sep>  Q: what's a good technique for freezing blueberries? A: Lay them out on a paper towel overnight so that the skins dry completely  Q: Could I put them in the oven at 150 for an hour A: To bake with blueberries, thaw them by placing them in a mesh sieve or collander and running water over them until the water is clear off the bottom 
Output: Which way would result in less exploded berries when the water in them freezes?
CONTEXT: Fish sauce! I think the clam juice is probably already a substitute for fish sauce anyway, so it should make a very good substitute. (If you look up recipes for Thai beef salad you'll find tons of things with fish sauce, and probably not much with clam juice.)You probably want to use less, though, maybe starting with 2-4 tablespoons, though I've seen recipes using more.It should be fine for the dietary restriction too; it's just made with anchovies, not an unknown blend of seafood, but of course check the label just in case.  <sep>  Q: What can I use instead of clam juice? A: Fish sauce 
Output: Is that suitable for someone who doesn't eat shellfish?
CONTEXT: Fish sauce! I think the clam juice is probably already a substitute for fish sauce anyway, so it should make a very good substitute. (If you look up recipes for Thai beef salad you'll find tons of things with fish sauce, and probably not much with clam juice.)You probably want to use less, though, maybe starting with 2-4 tablespoons, though I've seen recipes using more.It should be fine for the dietary restriction too; it's just made with anchovies, not an unknown blend of seafood, but of course check the label just in case.  <sep>  Q: What can I use instead of clam juice? A: Fish sauce! I think the clam juice is probably already a substitute for fish sauce anyway, so it should make a very good substitute 
Output: can the the ground beef be replaced with another meat ?
CONTEXT: Beer Can Chicken has a few tricks to have it turn out amazing as opposed to just average. I always take my thawed chicken and rub it all over inside and out with vegetable oil and pureed garlic (about one large clove). Then I coat the skin with seasonings like salt, pepper, seasoned salt or chicken/poultry seasoning like sage or an \Italian mix; you can use anything the you want. Cajun spice and lemon are also pretty good. The beer has to have some flavour to it, don't use a light beer. Apple ciders (strong bow, perry's pear cider, black thorne) or a white wine/cooking cherry will also do the trick. I use a half a pop/beer can and then stuff the chicken and the bottom tray with onions, red peppers, garlic and celery. The key to crispy skin and moist chicken is low heat on the BBQ, turn one side onto medium heat and put the chicken on the off side with the lid closed for 20 minutes per pound of chicken. Practice makes perfect....chicken.  <sep>  Q: Am I missing something with Beer Can chicken?###Do you have to use a specific beer? A: The beer has to have some flavour to it, don't use a light beer. Apple ciders (strong bow, perry's pear cider, black thorne) or a white wine/cooking cherry will also do the trick 
Output: Should I use a sauce also?
CONTEXT: It won't turn bad, in fact it may make it last longer. You may have madeira-ized it (see below)Madeira wine is known for it's extended "shelf life" after opening because of it's unique process of being heated to as high as 60 degrees C (140 F).You may find that in the Campari some of the sugar may have crystalised. This may slightly affect the flavour, but it most certainly won't make it turn bad.  <sep>  Q: Do unopened bottles of Gin and Campari turn bad in extreme heat? I have just returned home and noticed I have left a bottle sitting in direct sunlight A: You may find that in the Campari some of the sugar may have crystalised. This may slightly affect the flavour, but it most certainly won't make it turn bad  Q: Would you suggest I put the Campari in the freezer? A: It won't turn bad, in fact it may make it last longer. You may have madeira-ized it 
Output: Would I be able to add my own sugar in to the Campari if the sun damage has caused crystallisation to occur?
CONTEXT: It won't turn bad, in fact it may make it last longer. You may have madeira-ized it (see below)Madeira wine is known for it's extended "shelf life" after opening because of it's unique process of being heated to as high as 60 degrees C (140 F).You may find that in the Campari some of the sugar may have crystalised. This may slightly affect the flavour, but it most certainly won't make it turn bad.  <sep>  Q: Do unopened bottles of Gin and Campari turn bad in extreme heat? A: You may find that in the Campari some of the sugar may have crystalised 
Output: Is there anyway to fix the crystalization of the crystals?
CONTEXT: They're commonly called squash blossoms in English - as you might guess, this is because it doesn't matter too much what kind of squash they're from. They'll most commonly be from smaller summer squash plants (e.g. zucchini) though, since they produce many small squash instead of a few large squash (like pumpkins), so you can get more blossoms for your trouble.  <sep>  Q: What variety of squash produces "flor de calabaza"? A: this is because it doesn't matter too much what kind of squash they're from  Q: How would I use it in a soup? Is there a specific cooking method? A: They'll most commonly be from smaller summer squash plants (e.g. zucchini 
Output: Should summer squash plants be cut to a particular size when using them for soups?
CONTEXT: They're commonly called squash blossoms in English - as you might guess, this is because it doesn't matter too much what kind of squash they're from. They'll most commonly be from smaller summer squash plants (e.g. zucchini) though, since they produce many small squash instead of a few large squash (like pumpkins), so you can get more blossoms for your trouble.  <sep>  Q: What variety of squash produces "flor de calabaza"? A: They'll most commonly be from smaller summer squash plants (e.g. zucchini 
Output: What type of squash will produce the best tasting flower?
CONTEXT: Your ribs will have a lot less flavor if you do not use a dry rub. However you can minimize some of the time (and only a bit of the flavor) by putting on the rub, wrapping in foil, and immediately putting them in the oven or on the grill. The process of putting your rub together probably takes only about 5 minutes - it's the fridge time that takes a while.Sitting in the fridge allows some of the flavors to permeate, and if you used a more permeable material could allow your ribs to air out a bit. These are good things, but for my rib recipe I don't put the ribs in the fridge and they still taste great. I also don't put the barbecue sauce on until about the last 20 minutes of oven time, when the foil comes off and the sauce goes on. Until then the ribs stay in the foil.I looked up North Carolina (which uses a sauce that isn't tomato based in the eastern part of the state), South Carolina (a mustard sauce), Texas, Memphis (which uses no sauce), Kansas City (tomato based-sauce that is rather sweet) - all of them used a dry rub even with wide variations on the sauce and for both beef and pork ribs.  <sep>  Q: Is dry rub necessary in making bbq ribs?###is there an alternate method rather than the dry rub A: Your ribs will have a lot less flavor if you do not use a dry rub 
Output: will the ribs taste the same if i just lather them with some bbq sauce and then cook them
CONTEXT: First, remove some, but not all, of the end. Make sure to leave a little of the root intact, as this will make the next steps easier. Peel the onion and discard the peel.Stand your onion on one of the now-flat ends. Chop in half with your chef's knife.Lay a single half on the flat end. Working from root to cut end, make several cuts at dice width that cut almost to the root end, but leave a little bit still attached.Working perpendicular to your last set of cuts, make another set of cuts at dice width. This will leave you with cut pieces. When you get to the portion with the root, discard it.Repeat for your other onion half.During cooking, the layers should flake apart leaving dice sized pieces.  <sep>  Q: What is the best method of dicing an onion? A: First, remove some, but not all, of the end 
Output: Which end?
CONTEXT: First, remove some, but not all, of the end. Make sure to leave a little of the root intact, as this will make the next steps easier. Peel the onion and discard the peel.Stand your onion on one of the now-flat ends. Chop in half with your chef's knife.Lay a single half on the flat end. Working from root to cut end, make several cuts at dice width that cut almost to the root end, but leave a little bit still attached.Working perpendicular to your last set of cuts, make another set of cuts at dice width. This will leave you with cut pieces. When you get to the portion with the root, discard it.Repeat for your other onion half.During cooking, the layers should flake apart leaving dice sized pieces.  <sep>  Q: A definitive method of dicing an onion A: Lay a single half on the flat end. Working from root to cut end, make several cuts at dice width that cut almost to the root end, but leave a little bit still attached 
Output: Any unusual and clever methods you know of?
CONTEXT: Allowing dough to rise twice results in a finer gluten structure than allowing it to rise once. It results in a smaller crumb and prevents huge gaping airholes in your bread. The reason that you have to let it re-rise is that you just pushed all the air out with the kneading you did developing that gluten structure.  <sep>  Q: Why let dough rise twice? A: Allowing dough to rise twice results in a finer gluten structure than allowing it to rise once 
Output: When making bread, why do recipes say to let the dough rise twice instead of once?###How does a firmer gluten texture help?
CONTEXT: You can let it ripe at room temperature.If you want to slow down the ripening process, put it in the fridge, although this will affect the mango negatively. If you want to speed up the process, put it in a bag with a banana.When the mango is ready to eat, it will be slightly soft if you press it and you can smell the mango flesh through the peel. The green colour will not totally disappear.  <sep>  Q: How do I ripen a Mango? A: You can let it ripe at room temperature  Q: How can I tell when it's ready? A: When the mango is ready to eat, it will be slightly soft if you press it and you can smell the mango flesh through the peel  Q: Should it be refrigerated after it's ripe? A: If you want to slow down the ripening process, put it in the fridge, although this will affect the mango negatively 
Output: What will be the negative effects of the refrigerator on the mango?
CONTEXT: Great pictures: those are so clearly areas of oil/fat which have separated from the main nutella emulsion. Carefully gouge one out and smear it around or put it onto a heated surface & see if it doesn't melt immediately. See if they go right back into the mixture if you stir a little portion together. I wager you can convince yourself this nutella is right edible.  <sep>  Q: What are these white 'bits' in my nutella A: those are so clearly areas of oil/fat which have separated from the main nutella emulsion 
Output: Perhaps kinda like bloom on chocolate?
CONTEXT: There are a couple of things you can do to prevent sugar crystallising. You can add some glucose syrup, or you can 'invert' the sugar by adding some acid, namely cream of tartar. Both should be readily available, online if not at your supermarket. Cream of tartar is also useful when making meringue.  <sep>  Q: How can I prevent simple syrup from crystallizing? A: There are a couple of things you can do to prevent sugar crystallising. You can add some glucose syrup  Q: Is there something I can add that is a common pantry item? A: you can 'invert' the sugar by adding some acid 
Output: Do I really need to keep simple syrup refrigerated?
CONTEXT: There are a couple of things you can do to prevent sugar crystallising. You can add some glucose syrup, or you can 'invert' the sugar by adding some acid, namely cream of tartar. Both should be readily available, online if not at your supermarket. Cream of tartar is also useful when making meringue.  <sep>  Q: How can I prevent simple syrup from crystallizing? A: ou can add some glucose syrup, or you can 'invert' the sugar by adding some acid, n 
Output: what sort of acid would you recommend?
CONTEXT: There are a couple of things you can do to prevent sugar crystallising. You can add some glucose syrup, or you can 'invert' the sugar by adding some acid, namely cream of tartar. Both should be readily available, online if not at your supermarket. Cream of tartar is also useful when making meringue.  <sep>  Q: How can I prevent simple syrup from crystallizing? A: There are a couple of things you can do to prevent sugar crystallising  Q: well when I store it in the fridge it seems to crystallize A: You can add some glucose syrup, or you can 'invert' the sugar by adding some acid, namely cream of tartar 
Output: When do you add the acid?
CONTEXT: If the yeast isn't out of date then the most likely sounding culprit is the temperature of your water. It should be between 105-110. If it's too cool then you won't activate the yeast and if you get it too warm you'll start to kill it.Another possible case can be when you're adding the salt. If it's going in before or at the same time as the sugar you will arrest the gas production and activity of the yeast.Get the yeast, sugar, water mixture going first and create a shaggy dough with your flour. Add the salt as you're starting to bring the dough together so that it doesn't act too quickly to arrest the yeast development.If you keep your flour in the freezer or refrigerator, make sure it has come to room temperature before adding it to the water or the chill of the flour will de-activate the yeast.  <sep>  Q: Why does my pizza dough rise so inconsistently? A: If the yeast isn't out of date then the most likely sounding culprit is the temperature of your water  Q: What's the right temperature? A: t should be between 105-110  Q: What happens if it's too cold? A: If it's too cool then you won't activate the yeast 
Output: What happens if it's too hot?
CONTEXT: If the yeast isn't out of date then the most likely sounding culprit is the temperature of your water. It should be between 105-110. If it's too cool then you won't activate the yeast and if you get it too warm you'll start to kill it.Another possible case can be when you're adding the salt. If it's going in before or at the same time as the sugar you will arrest the gas production and activity of the yeast.Get the yeast, sugar, water mixture going first and create a shaggy dough with your flour. Add the salt as you're starting to bring the dough together so that it doesn't act too quickly to arrest the yeast development.If you keep your flour in the freezer or refrigerator, make sure it has come to room temperature before adding it to the water or the chill of the flour will de-activate the yeast.  <sep>  Q: How do I get my pizza dough to rise? A: If the yeast isn't out of date then the most likely sounding culprit is the temperature of your water  Q: What temperature should the water be? A: It should be between 105-110 
Output: What else do I need to consider
CONTEXT: Adding herbs directly to baked goods usually results in very strong flavours. Infusing the sugar with the herbs gives a more subtle overtone rather than a full-on explosion. In some cases, of course, you might want a strong herb flavour, but where you just want a hint, infusing the sugar is great. The classic example is using stripped vanilla pods to make vanilla sugar, which adds subtle vanilla tones to cakes and meringues.  <sep>  Q: When would one infuse flavor into sugar for baking? A: Infusing the sugar with the herbs gives a more subtle overtone rather than a full-on explosion 
Output: Why would you infuse flavor into sugar for baking?
CONTEXT: Adding herbs directly to baked goods usually results in very strong flavours. Infusing the sugar with the herbs gives a more subtle overtone rather than a full-on explosion. In some cases, of course, you might want a strong herb flavour, but where you just want a hint, infusing the sugar is great. The classic example is using stripped vanilla pods to make vanilla sugar, which adds subtle vanilla tones to cakes and meringues.  <sep>  Q: When and why would one infuse flavor into sugar for baking? A: where you just want a hint, infusing the sugar is great 
Output: Why not just add the ingredient directly into the recipe?
CONTEXT: There are two safe ways to defrost, one more rapid than the other.First method is to defrost in the refrigerator. This keeps temperature below 40 degrees F, in the safe zone. This will, also, take a while.Second method is to defrost in the sink under cold running water. The water doesn't have to run rapidly, but it should change regularly. This will defrost the fish more rapidly than in the air (water is a better conductor of heat than air) and will keep the fish in the danger zone for the shortest period of time. If you are not going to cook it immediately, then return to the refrigerator.If you are deep frying, there are some techniques that will allow you to go direct from frozen to fried, but that is generally done in a professional kitchen where they have powerful fryers that can take the temperature hit and come back strong.  <sep>  Q: How do you properly defrost frozen fish? A: First method is to defrost in the refrigerator 
Output: Seems like that would take a long time. How long should I leave them in the refrigerator?
CONTEXT: There are two safe ways to defrost, one more rapid than the other.First method is to defrost in the refrigerator. This keeps temperature below 40 degrees F, in the safe zone. This will, also, take a while.Second method is to defrost in the sink under cold running water. The water doesn't have to run rapidly, but it should change regularly. This will defrost the fish more rapidly than in the air (water is a better conductor of heat than air) and will keep the fish in the danger zone for the shortest period of time. If you are not going to cook it immediately, then return to the refrigerator.If you are deep frying, there are some techniques that will allow you to go direct from frozen to fried, but that is generally done in a professional kitchen where they have powerful fryers that can take the temperature hit and come back strong.  <sep>  Q: How do you properly defrost frozen fish? A: in the refrigerator  Q: Can they just be left out on a work surface? A: There are two safe ways to defrost, one more rapid than the other 
Output: what temperature should the water be?
CONTEXT: There are two safe ways to defrost, one more rapid than the other.First method is to defrost in the refrigerator. This keeps temperature below 40 degrees F, in the safe zone. This will, also, take a while.Second method is to defrost in the sink under cold running water. The water doesn't have to run rapidly, but it should change regularly. This will defrost the fish more rapidly than in the air (water is a better conductor of heat than air) and will keep the fish in the danger zone for the shortest period of time. If you are not going to cook it immediately, then return to the refrigerator.If you are deep frying, there are some techniques that will allow you to go direct from frozen to fried, but that is generally done in a professional kitchen where they have powerful fryers that can take the temperature hit and come back strong.  <sep>  Q: How do you properly defrost frozen fish? A: defrost in the refrigerator. This keeps temperature below 40 degrees F, in the safe zone. This will, also, take a while  Q: Is there a faster way to defrost it? A: defrost in the sink under cold running water. The water doesn't have to run rapidly, but it should change regularly. This will defrost the fish more rapidly than in the air 
Output: And this will work with any type of fish?
CONTEXT: That silty precipitate is just a thing that happens when fermenting - it's the yeasts dying off and settling out of the solution. I've seen it with mead, yeast-based soda recipes, and other fermented drinks (like fermented lemonade etc) - your ginger ale would be yeast based soda, by the way, if you drink while fairly young and carbonated, like with a day or two of fermentation (you can have longer storage if not actively fermenting, ie in the fridge where yeasts are nearly dormant or having killed the yeasties off somehow) while it will likely grow increasingly alcoholic if you leave it an extended amount of time.This precipitate isn't a problem, it might be off-putting to see or taste (if you get a whole mouthful) but it isn't harmful and I at least will often drink it because I don't care enough to avoid it, but if you don't like it you can rack the beverage - that is, let it sit still to settle, and gently pour or siphon from the (clearer) top, and stop pouring when just the settled, cloudy yeasty dregs are left. If you're fermenting for an extended period of time (ie, alcohol) these may be racked several times while aging to keep the yeast from building up and possibly introducing off flavors - though its usually a few months between racking, so I wouldn't expect off flavors to develop quickly.  <sep>  Q: I am sorry but I have no idea. I didn't know you could make your own ginger ale.###You learn something new everyday as the old saying goes. A: your ginger ale would be yeast based soda 
Output: How does it taste?
CONTEXT: Yes, you can roast the beans some more. However the results will probably not be great. Roasting results in quite a bit of smoke. If you are going low tech, I would do it in a wok in a very well ventilated area. It's pretty easy to set off smoke detectors. A stove top with a range hood might be good enough if you have a particularly good range hood. Outside with the wok on a BBQ is probably best.Roast over a low heat and stir continuously. You want to get the beans as even as possible, trying not to burn them. The beans will continue to roast after taking them off the heat. So stop one or two roast levels before the desired colour and tip your beans out into a colander and continue stirring to cool. The residual heat will cook the bean some more. To aim for a desired roast level, compare the current roast colour to your desired roast colour and maybe to a roast level chart. Google image search "coffee roast level chart". Guesstimate the roast level that is one or two levels below your desired colour to stop at.Once again there will be a lot of smoke.  <sep>  Q: How to improve the taste of sour coffee beans? A: you can roast the beans some more. However the results will probably not be great  Q: Would roasting it in the oven work the best? A: A stove top with a range hood might be good enough if you have a particularly good range hood. Outside with the wok on a BBQ is probably best  Q: How would I use a wok to roast coffee beans? A: Roast over a low heat and stir continuously. You want to get the beans as even as possible, trying not to burn them 
Output: How hot do I get them?
CONTEXT: Flour is a thickening agent, plain and simple. However adding it without cooking it first can lead to your dish having a raw flour taste, and you can get blobs of flour in it, so I would ignore the recipes which say coat with flour without cooking it first, or use cornstarch (cornflour) instead. Alternatively you can make a roux with flour in a separate pan and add it in later. This is simply mixing equal weights of flour and butter and cooking it in a frying pan until it has the color you want. A lighter roux will add a paler color and a milder flavor, a darker roux adds a deeper color and richer flavor.  <sep>  Q: Why should I roll the meat in flour for a ragout? A: I would ignore the recipes which say coat with flour without cooking it first  Q: What would you recommend? A: use cornstarch (cornflour) instead 
Output: Why would you say cornstarch instead of flour?
CONTEXT: Flour is a thickening agent, plain and simple. However adding it without cooking it first can lead to your dish having a raw flour taste, and you can get blobs of flour in it, so I would ignore the recipes which say coat with flour without cooking it first, or use cornstarch (cornflour) instead. Alternatively you can make a roux with flour in a separate pan and add it in later. This is simply mixing equal weights of flour and butter and cooking it in a frying pan until it has the color you want. A lighter roux will add a paler color and a milder flavor, a darker roux adds a deeper color and richer flavor.  <sep>  Q: Have you ever made a ragout? A: Alternatively you can make a roux  Q: Do I have to roll the meat in flour when I make a ragout? A: can lead to your dish having a raw flour taste, and you can get blobs of flour in it  Q: Should I add anything extra to my meat if I'm going to leave the flour off of it? A: I would ignore the recipes which say coat with flour without cooking it first, or use cornstarch (cornflour) instead 
Output: Would my cooking time be changed by leaving flour off of the meat?
CONTEXT: There is not really a turning point. The way that wine goes bad is the process of making vinegar. From wikipedia:The word "vinegar" derives from the Old French vin aigre, meaning "sour wine".The Canadian government limits things that can be sold as 'vinegar' to something with an acetic acid content of 4-12%, so you could do the technical-bureaucratic thing and wait for the acetic acid to get up to 4%.If you aren't hung up on technicalities, then you can use it as soon as it gets sour enough. It is done when all the alcohol has been changed to acetic acid, but it is a bit hard to taste since the acetic flavor dominates.  <sep>  Q: When is homemade wine-based vinegar simply bad wine?###Is there a specific smell it should or shouldn't have? A: There is not really a turning point. The way that wine goes bad is the process of making vinegar. From wikipedia  Q: What do you need to put into the wine to make it turn into vinegar? A: The word "vinegar" derives from the Old French vin aigre, meaning "sour wine 
Output: Or do you just leave it out?
CONTEXT: There is not really a turning point. The way that wine goes bad is the process of making vinegar. From wikipedia:The word "vinegar" derives from the Old French vin aigre, meaning "sour wine".The Canadian government limits things that can be sold as 'vinegar' to something with an acetic acid content of 4-12%, so you could do the technical-bureaucratic thing and wait for the acetic acid to get up to 4%.If you aren't hung up on technicalities, then you can use it as soon as it gets sour enough. It is done when all the alcohol has been changed to acetic acid, but it is a bit hard to taste since the acetic flavor dominates.  <sep>  Q: When is homemade wine-based vinegar simply bad wine? A: There is not really a turning point. The way that wine goes bad is the process of making vinegar 
Output: Oh okay so I can store it in my cabinet?
CONTEXT: The brown stringy fibers form in the avocado flesh after it is bruised or the avocado is past ripe.The way to avoid this is to plan ahead. Buy your avocados when they are green and very hard. Try to select ones that have not been abused (at least if you see one being knocked around, take a different one). When you get the avocados home, set them aside in a safe place for a couple/few days, & don't drop or manhandle them in the meantime. When they are ripe (yield slightly to gentle pressure, as they say) you have a couple days to use them. Putting them in the refrigerator can prolong their niceness a little bit if you are not quite ready to use them. Unless some mishap befell them before purchase, they should be beautiful and without those horrible stringy lesions.  <sep>  Q: How do I choose to avoid brown stringy fibres in avocado? A: The way to avoid this is to plan ahead  Q: What do you suggest is a good timeline to avoid them? A: Buy your avocados when they are green and very hard. Try to select ones that have not been abused  Q: Alright. And how long should I wait before I can use them? A: When they are ripe (yield slightly to gentle pressure, as they say) you have a couple days to use them 
Output: Typically how many days would it take?
CONTEXT: Some of the volatile flavors will be diminished, but I've managed to make fairly good drinks with the help of mint that I kept frozen. In my experience, freezer burn starts to become visible after two or three months, and starts to harm flavor probably around 4-6 months.I'm not sure preparing the drink will work really well, but if you just defrost the drink in the refrigerator, it probably won't be terrible. Active thawing with heat will probably cause some harm. Many infusions and teas become a bit cloudy and lose color after bottling or freezing, which is why most bottled teas use an enzyme (not usually a listed ingredient) designed to mitigate that.  <sep>  Q: Would freezing affect the flavour of mint tea? A: Some of the volatile flavors will be diminished 
Output: What will be diminished?
CONTEXT: Some of the volatile flavors will be diminished, but I've managed to make fairly good drinks with the help of mint that I kept frozen. In my experience, freezer burn starts to become visible after two or three months, and starts to harm flavor probably around 4-6 months.I'm not sure preparing the drink will work really well, but if you just defrost the drink in the refrigerator, it probably won't be terrible. Active thawing with heat will probably cause some harm. Many infusions and teas become a bit cloudy and lose color after bottling or freezing, which is why most bottled teas use an enzyme (not usually a listed ingredient) designed to mitigate that.  <sep>  Q: Would freezing affect the flavour of mint tea? A: Some of the volatile flavors will be diminished, but I've managed to make fairly good drinks with the help of mint that I kept frozen 
Output: WOULD YOU USE THE STEMS AS WELL?
CONTEXT: For short term freezing they should be just fine as far as texture and taste are concerned. Just make sure you avoid freezer burn by wrapping them tightly in plastic wrap and then either aluminum foil or a freezer bag. If you store them more than a few months then they will start to degrade.  <sep>  Q: If you freeze sliced turkey, how does that affects its texture? A: For short term freezing they should be just fine as far as texture and taste are concerned 
Output: Is it better to freeze individual slices, or to freeze slices together?
CONTEXT: For short term freezing they should be just fine as far as texture and taste are concerned. Just make sure you avoid freezer burn by wrapping them tightly in plastic wrap and then either aluminum foil or a freezer bag. If you store them more than a few months then they will start to degrade.  <sep>  Q: What is the best way to freeze turkey breasts to use later? A: Just make sure you avoid freezer burn by wrapping them tightly in plastic wrap and then either aluminum foil or a freezer bag  Q: Will the texture and taste of the turkey still be good after freezing then thawing? A: For short term freezing they should be just fine as far as texture and taste are concerned 
Output: What is the best way to thaw the turkey breasts?
CONTEXT: There is some difference between the flavor, but seeing as there are so many other predominant flavors in Worcestershire sauce and that fact that you're (hopefully) not drinking it straight, it's fairly insignificant. It's very common for one product produced in different countries to have a range of manufacturing differences, sometimes arbitrary, sometimes to suit the local palate, and sometimes because of costs, hence people calling American Lea & Perrins a "knockoff."I've had both, and can assure you that once you've mixed it into a casserole or marinade you won't really miss anything. If you're striving for needlessly authentic British flavor you could always add a little malt vinegar to whatever you're cooking!  <sep>  Q: Is there a difference between US Worcestershire sauce and UK Worcestershire sauce? A: There is some difference between the flavor 
Output: What is the difference in flavor?
CONTEXT: There is some difference between the flavor, but seeing as there are so many other predominant flavors in Worcestershire sauce and that fact that you're (hopefully) not drinking it straight, it's fairly insignificant. It's very common for one product produced in different countries to have a range of manufacturing differences, sometimes arbitrary, sometimes to suit the local palate, and sometimes because of costs, hence people calling American Lea & Perrins a "knockoff."I've had both, and can assure you that once you've mixed it into a casserole or marinade you won't really miss anything. If you're striving for needlessly authentic British flavor you could always add a little malt vinegar to whatever you're cooking!  <sep>  Q: Is there a difference between US Worcestershire sauce and UK Worcestershire sauce? A: There is some difference between the flavor, but seeing as there are so many other predominant flavors in Worcestershire sauce 
Output: Do you have any other suggestions?
CONTEXT: It was timing. If you want to make chocolate meringues, add the cocoa powder to the liquid egg whites, and then whisk it all together at once. Beaten egg whites are bubbles. Don't add things to an already-formed meringue, as they will just cause the bubble structure to collapse.Ever sprinkled sugar or cinnamon powder on a cappuccino? Notice how the milk foam immediately collapses? The same thing happened to your meringue.  <sep>  Q: What caused my meringue to fall after adding cocoa? A: Don't add things to an already-formed meringue, as they will just cause the bubble structure to collapse  Q: When do I add it? A: add the cocoa powder to the liquid egg whites, and then whisk it all together at once 
Output: What amount of cocoa powder?
CONTEXT: It was timing. If you want to make chocolate meringues, add the cocoa powder to the liquid egg whites, and then whisk it all together at once. Beaten egg whites are bubbles. Don't add things to an already-formed meringue, as they will just cause the bubble structure to collapse.Ever sprinkled sugar or cinnamon powder on a cappuccino? Notice how the milk foam immediately collapses? The same thing happened to your meringue.  <sep>  Q: What caused my meringue to fall after adding cocoa? A: Ever sprinkled sugar or cinnamon powder on a cappuccino? Notice how the milk foam immediately collapses? The same thing happened to your meringue  Q: Was it the amount of cocoa powder? Was it the fact that it was dark cocoa? A: It was timing. If you want to make chocolate meringues, add the cocoa powder to the liquid egg whites, and then whisk it all together at once 
Output: I see. When should I add the cocoa then?###Got it###Thank you!
CONTEXT: It is is almost impossible for chocolate to mold as it doesn't have any moisture, required for mold growth.There are two types of bloom:Sugar bloom -- wipe the chocolate with a wet finger, it will dissolve.Fat bloom -- wipe the chococolate with a dry finger, it will feel waxy or greasyEither tends to look like a chalky coating, not very thick, definitely not fuzzy (like mold).  <sep>  Q: How do you know if whitish chocolate has bloom? A: Either tends to look like a chalky coating, not very thick, definitely not fuzzy 
Output: What are other signs that the chocolate is spoiled?
CONTEXT: It is is almost impossible for chocolate to mold as it doesn't have any moisture, required for mold growth.There are two types of bloom:Sugar bloom -- wipe the chocolate with a wet finger, it will dissolve.Fat bloom -- wipe the chococolate with a dry finger, it will feel waxy or greasyEither tends to look like a chalky coating, not very thick, definitely not fuzzy (like mold).  <sep>  Q: How can I test if whitish chocolate has bloom or is spoiled? A: Sugar bloom -- wipe the chocolate with a wet finger, it will dissolve 
Output: What happens if it doesn't dissolve?
CONTEXT: Substitution in preserved foods are generally considered unsafe. Food chemistry is a complicated affair, and cooking is inherently imprecise. Sure, you can find a way to reduce the pH to that of the original recipe. But a salami is a fermented food. Your pH might be the same, but other things will change, for example the composition of the available sugars, and you can catch a different strain of bacteria. Safe preservation recipes have either been extensively tested in a lab, or used for centuries. Making a small change can destroy the delicate balance which leads to a tasty, safe food. The solution here is to look for another recipe, one which is safe but does not contain wine. For something as risky as cured meat, I'd suggest not getting some random recipe off the Internet, but choosing from a book, or maybe from the blog of a known, respectable author. This way, you get both good taste and safety, things which are hit-and-miss when making your own substitutions.  <sep>  Q: Wine substitutions for homemade salami A: Substitution in preserved foods are generally considered unsafe 
Output: what would you suggest I use?
CONTEXT: Substitution in preserved foods are generally considered unsafe. Food chemistry is a complicated affair, and cooking is inherently imprecise. Sure, you can find a way to reduce the pH to that of the original recipe. But a salami is a fermented food. Your pH might be the same, but other things will change, for example the composition of the available sugars, and you can catch a different strain of bacteria. Safe preservation recipes have either been extensively tested in a lab, or used for centuries. Making a small change can destroy the delicate balance which leads to a tasty, safe food. The solution here is to look for another recipe, one which is safe but does not contain wine. For something as risky as cured meat, I'd suggest not getting some random recipe off the Internet, but choosing from a book, or maybe from the blog of a known, respectable author. This way, you get both good taste and safety, things which are hit-and-miss when making your own substitutions.  <sep>  Q: What can you substitute for wine when making homemade salami? A: The solution here is to look for another recipe, one which is safe but does not contain wine  Q: Most of the recipes I found use wine. Would citric acid work as a replacement? A: Substitution in preserved foods are generally considered unsafe  Q: So is the wine used as a preservative? A: For something as risky as cured meat, I'd suggest not getting some random recipe off the Internet, but choosing from a book, or maybe from the blog of a known, respectable author  Q: If the recipe calls for wine would a non alcoholic wine work? A: Food chemistry is a complicated affair, and cooking is inherently imprecise 
Output: Do you know of a book or a blogger that is alcohol free for me to look up some recipes for salami?
CONTEXT: I've only heard of massaging kale. If you rub the greens together they get softer, darker and more tender and useable in a salad. Never done it with anything else. Wilted is steamed or blanched greens. Wilting definitely changes the texture and can make the greens more palatable and less bitter. I won't eat raw collards. I also always salt and squeeze my cooked spinach before using as it knocks out the bitterness.  <sep>  Q: What is the difference between a wilted salad and a massaged salad? A: Wilting definitely changes the texture and can make the greens more palatable and less bitter  Q: As many wilted salad recipes call for warm dressing, does this mean the wilted salad will lend itself better toward cooked ingredients compared to massaged or raw greens? A: an make the greens more palatable and less bitter 
Output: Does wilting the greens in the salad have any particular impact on the texture?
CONTEXT: English toffee is very chewy - the kind of stuff that glues your teeth together! Once it has been cooked and set, it's not easy to handle and wouldn't be easy to chop up for a cookie recipe. You'd possibly be better off with some kind of fudge which is easier to handle but will still hold its shape in a cookie.  <sep>  Q: hELLO###How can I substitute English Toffee in cookies? A: better off with some kind of fudge which is easier to handle but will still hold its shape in a cookie. 
Output: Should it be chocolate covered fudge?
CONTEXT: I would actually just make caramel. Place about 1 1/4 cup sugar and 1/4 cup in a heavy bottom pan and dissolve over low-medium heat then crank up the heat and let cook, without stirring, until the mixture turns a golden amber colour and starts smoking. Then use the resulting caramel to sweeten your coffee :-)  <sep>  Q: How can I make coffee syrup with caramel taste? A: I would actually just make caramel  Q: Is that just using brown sugar instead of white sugar? A: sugar  Q: How would I make caramel with the consistency of syrup? A: Place about 1 1/4 cup sugar and 1/4 cup in a heavy bottom pan and dissolve over low-medium heat then crank up the heat 
Output: 1/4 cup of what?
CONTEXT: I would actually just make caramel. Place about 1 1/4 cup sugar and 1/4 cup in a heavy bottom pan and dissolve over low-medium heat then crank up the heat and let cook, without stirring, until the mixture turns a golden amber colour and starts smoking. Then use the resulting caramel to sweeten your coffee :-)  <sep>  Q: How can I make coffee syrup with caramel taste? A: I would actually just make caramel  Q: Do you have a recipe for that caramel? A: Place about 1 1/4 cup sugar and 1/4 cup in a heavy bottom pan 
Output: How long do I cook it for?
CONTEXT: If you heated the eggs above 160Â°F/70Â°C (and boiling is definitely above that), they're cooked, and any harmful bacteria has been killed. Can't say for sure that you did this without knowing the steps you performed.Given, if it doesn't taste good, and it was cheap ingredients... sounds like an argument to discard it anyway. Even if its perfectly safe.(Note: lower temperatures will also kill the bacteria, but it's no longer instantâyou may have to hold it for a few minutes to a few hours, depending on the temperature.)  <sep>  Q: Custard Pudding tasting like raw eggs A: if it doesn't taste good, and it was cheap ingredients... sounds like an argument to discard it 
Output: I cooked custard pudding on the stove for 30 minutes, but it taste like raw eggs a bit. Do you think it's cooked or still raw?