niryuu/sni-each-converted huggingface dataset:
Question: A potential receiver: 
 Options:  <0> It is produced by the opening of voltage-dependent channels. <1> Increase its frequency if the intensity of the stimulus increases. <2> It occurs after the binding of the neurotransmitter to the postsynaptic receptor. <3> They occur if the trigger threshold is exceeded. <4> It can be exciter or inhibitor.
Output: biology
Question: What is one of the differences between Alzheimer's and subcortical patients (especially Huntington and Parkinson's)? 
 Options:  <0> The ability to semantically encode the information seems to be preserved in the subcorticals, while Alzheimer's seems quite deteriorated. <1> There is greater loss of recognition memory in the subcorticals. <2> The rate of forgetfulness is slower in Alzheimer's. <3> Retrograde amnesia is temporarily graded in subcortical patients. <4> There is less loss of recognition memory in Alzheimer's.
Output: psychology
Question: Affective lability is characterized because: 
 Options:  <0> Rapid changes in emotion occur and the person has difficulty controlling their emotions. <1> There is an elevation of the attentional affective threshold for negative stimuli. <2> There is a general feeling of being very well, very happy, although there are no causes that justify that state of mind. <3> The mood is predominantly downcast, pessimistic, sad. <4> There is an affective narrowing that restricts the emotional life.
Output: psychology
Question: What root predominantly depends on the sensory innervation of the first toe? 
 Options:  <0> L3. <1> L4. <2> L5 <3> S1 <4> L2.
Output: medicine
Question: Which of the following drugs would indicate as first-line treatment in a 53-year-old patient diagnosed with metastatic clear cell renal cancer? 
 Options:  <0> Sunitinib. <1> Cetuximab. <2> Fluoropyrimidine <3> Panitumumab. <4> Bleomycin.
Output: medicine
Question: Heterochromatin lacks: 
 Options:  <0> Histone H1. <1> Nucleosomes <2> Exons <3> Transcriptional activity <4> Origins of replication.
Output: biology
Question: The glomerulonephritis syndrome occurs with: 
 Options:  <0> Oliguria and hematuria. <1> Polyuria and dehydration. <2> Loss of sodium in the urine. <3> Thrombosis and infections. <4> Loss of glucose in the urine.
Output: pharmacology
Question: The lithium dialkyl-heptarate reacts with alkyl halides to produce, by formation of carbon-carbon bonds between the alkyl group of the halide and the alkyl group of the dialkyl acetate: 
 Options:  <0> Alcanes. <1> Alquenos <2> Alquinos. <3> Aromatics <4> Piranos.
Output: chemistry
Question: Which of the following changes is the most potent stimulus for glucagon secretion? 
 Options:  <0> Gastric filling <1> Hyperglycemia <2> Hypernatremia <3> Pass from chyme to duodenum. <4> Hypoglycemia
Output: pharmacology
Question: Does not block the flow of electrons in oxidative phosphorylation: 
 Options:  <0> Cyanide. <1> Antimycin A. <2> CO. <3> 2,4-DNP. <4> Amital.
Output: biology
Question: Cardiac output (CG) increases between 40 and 50% during pregnancy. When does it return to normal values? 
 Options:  <0> One week before delivery <1> During labor <2> Seven to ten days after delivery. <3> At the end of the puerperium. <4> At the end of breastfeeding.
Output: nursery
Question: In disorders related to substance use, what is physical dependence? 
 Options:  <0> In a physical process of short duration. <1> In an intense sense of dissatisfaction for not being able to consume the substances. <2> In the action of consuming drugs producing a state of intoxication with psychoactive effect. <3> In a series of physical and psychic changes that take place after the administration of a substance. <4> In a state of physical adaptation manifested by intense physical disturbances when the administration of the drug is interrupted.
Output: nursery
Question: What electrocardiographic alteration is interpreted as a subendocardial lesion? 
 Options:  <0> The reversal of the T wave. <1> The supra-leveling of the ST segment. <2> The tipped T wave. <3> The presence of Q wave <4> The rectilinear depression of the ST segment.
Output: medicine
Question: The typical red cells of sickle cell anemia are: 
 Options:  <0> Dianocitos. <1> Drepanocytes <2> Dacryocytes <3> Ovalocitos. <4> Acanthocytes
Output: biology
Question: The structure of the personality can be organized according to: 
 Options:  <0> The three-dimensional model of R.B. Cattell. <1> The five-factor proposal of Zuckerman. <2> The five basic factors of Cantor and Kihstrom. <3> The sixteen factors of H.J. Eysenck. <4> The Monorrasgo theory of Costa and McCrae.
Output: psychology
Question: Except in patients whose chronic renal failure is due to diabetic nephropathy or tubulointerstitial nephropathy, the arterial blood gas pattern that you would expect to find in a patient with chronic renal failure would be: 
 Options:  <0> pH 7.30, HCO3 18 mEq / L, Cl 116 mg / dL, because metabolic acidosis with normal anion gap is characteristic. <1> pH 7.46, HCO3 18 mEq / L, Cl 116 mg / dL, because hyperchloremic metabolic alkalosis is characteristic. <2> pH 7.456, HCO3 18 mEq / L, Cl 100 mg / dL, because metabolic acidosis with increased anion gap is characteristic. <3> pH 7.46, HCO3 30 mEq / L, Cl 90 mg / dL, because metabolic alkalosis with normal anion gap is characteristic. <4> pH 7.45, HCO3 23 mEq / L, Cl 100 mg / dL, because metabolic alkalosis with normal anion gap is characteristic.
Output: medicine
Question: Which of the following antidiabetics acts by inhibiting DPP-4 and prolonging the duration of the endogenous incretins GLP-1 and GIP ?: 
 Options:  <0> Glimepiride <1> Repaglinide. <2> Sitagliptin <3> Rosiglitazone. <4> Tolbutamide
Output: pharmacology
Question: The R-bands of human metaphase chromosomes: 
 Options:  <0> They contain DNA rich in AT pairs. <1> They have high gene density. <2> They contain poor DNA in GC pairs. <3> They replicate at the end of phase S. <4> They have low gene density.
Output: biology
Question: In ion exchange chromatography, the carboxylic acid functional group is used as: 
 Options:  <0> As a strong anion exchanger in ion exchange resins. <1> As a strong cation exchanger in ion exchange resins. <2> As a weak anion exchanger in ion exchange resins. <3> As a weak cation exchanger in ion exchange resins. <4> It is never used in ion exchange.
Output: pharmacology
Question: The main function of the cerebellum is: 
 Options:  <0> Coordinate complex muscle movements. <1> Coordinate endocrine and nervous responses. <2> Control digestion, circulation and breathing. <3> Control the wake-sleep cycle. <4> Control the intake.
Output: biology
Question: The genome of the hepatitis B virus is DNA from: 
 Options:  <0> Simple string (+). <1> Simple string (-). <2> Double circular chain. <3> Double linear chain. <4> Incomplete circular double chain (with notches).
Output: biology
Question: In a frequency distribution, how do we call the number of times a variable value or any other lower value repeats in the sample? 
 Options:  <0> Proportion. <1> Accumulated absolute frequency. <2> Accumulated percentage. <3> Absolute frecuency. <4> Accumulated relative frequency.
Output: psychology
Question: Diphyllobothrium latum competes with its definitive host for the vitamin: 
 Options:  <0> TO. <1> B 12 <2> C. <3> D. <4> AND.
Output: biology
Question: Which of the following statements is true with respect to dyspareunia? 
 Options:  <0> This disorder only affects women. <1> The essential feature is the involuntary contraction of the perineal muscles of the external third of the vagina, against the introduction of the penis, fingers, tampons, or speculums. <2> This disorder appears throughout life, can not be acquired. <3> This disorder consists of genital pain during intercourse, although it may appear before or after intercourse. <4> This alteration does not cause discomfort in interpersonal relationships.
Output: psychology
Question: Glucagon stimulates: 
 Options:  <0> Glycogen synthesis <1> Formation of fat deposits. <2> Protein synthesis. <3> Insulin secretion <4> Glucolysis
Output: biology
Question: Sulfonic acids are converted to sulfonyl chlorides by treatment with: 
 Options:  <0> Methylene chloride <1> Chlorine. <2> Sodium chloride. <3> Thionyl chloride. <4> Chloroform.
Output: chemistry
Question: With respect to the pharmacological activity of artemisinin (sesquiterpene lactone) extracted from Artemisia annua: 
 Options:  <0> It is a powerful hepatoprotective. <1> It is a powerful cholagogue. <2> It is a potent antitumor. <3> It is a selective antimalarial. <4> It is a potent antiviral.
Output: pharmacology
Question: The NR3 group of a quaternary ammonium salt, R ̶ NR3, is a good leaving group in reactions: 
 Options:  <0> E1. <1> E2. <2> SN1. <3> SN2. <4> In none of the above.
Output: chemistry
Question: Streptococcus agalactiae, Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes are the microorganisms most commonly found in meningitis in: 
 Options:  <0> Neonates <1> Immunocompromised. <2> Women. <3> Hospitalized patients. <4> Elderly.
Output: pharmacology
Question: Of the following pairs of surface molecules, what is used by the virgin T lymphocytes to extravasate to the lymph node? 
 Options:  <0> CCR7 and L-selectin. <1> VCAM and L-selectin. <2> CCR7 and ICAM-1. <3> CCR9 and L-selectin. <4> CCR4 and VCAM-1.
Output: pharmacology
Question: The tissue is avascular: 
 Options:  <0> Cartilaginous. <1> Adipose. <2> Osseous. <3> Muscular. <4> Nervous.
Output: biology
Question: In eukaryotes, the RNA polymerase that transcribes small ribosomal RNAs is: 
 Options:  <0> II. <1> I. <2> IV. <3> III. <4> V.
Output: biology
Question: What kind of image appears when the individual does not fixate his attention on it and, on the contrary, disappears when he concentrates on the experience? 
 Options:  <0> Consecutive images <1> Mnemic images. <2> Hallucinoid images. <3> Abnormal images <4> Parasitic images
Output: psychology
Question: A patient with peripheral occlusive arteriopathy who presents intermittent claudication will be recommended: 
 Options:  <0> Absolute rest to reduce the demands of O2. <1> Elevate the legs to reduce pain. <2> Apply dry heat to the legs to promote vasodilation. <3> Walk on flat surfaces. <4> Use gradual compression stockings.
Output: nursery
Question: Hallucinations are clinical manifestations of schizophrenia that: 
 Options:  <0> They occur without external stimulation of the sensory organ involved. <1> They are included within the negative symptoms of the disease. <2> They are characterized by the aggrandizement of oneself in a non-realistic way. <3> They need to take into account the cultural context of the person. <4> They are associated with the Minor Neurological Symptoms (NMS).
Output: nursery
Question: The loss of MHC class I makes the cells susceptible to lysis by: 
 Options:  <0> NK lymphocytes. <1> Tc lymphocytes. <2> Macrophages <3> Th lymphocytes <4> Complement.
Output: biology
Question: What amino acids can be bound to a sugar by an O-glycosidic bond? 
 Options:  <0> Ser and Thr. <1> Cys and Ser. <2> Asn and Thr. <3> Lys and His. <4> Val and Leu.
Output: chemistry
Question: Capillary isotachophoresis (CITP) separates: 
 Options:  <0> Cations but can not separate anions. <1> Anions but can not separate cations. <2> Cations and anions simultaneously. <3> Cations and anions but not simultaneously. <4> Only neutral molecules.
Output: chemistry
Question: In a 29-year-old woman the following parameters are in the course of a routine analysis: Hb 11.5 g / dL, VCM 70 fl, HCM 28 pg, Ferritin 10 ng / mL, leukocytes 5,200 / mm3, platelets 335,000 / mm3. Physical examination is normal. The most indicated exploration in this situation is: 
 Options:  <0> Gynecological exploration. <1> Study of occult blood in stool. <2> Radiological study of the digestive system. <3> Electrophoresis of hemoglobins. <4> Test of Coombs.
Output: medicine
Question: Question linked to image # 4 In this patient, the procedure and / or treatment of choice that I would recommend is: 
 Options:  <0> Urgent catheterization. <1> Primary angioplasty. <2> Fibrinolysis. <3> Prednisone 10 mg / 12 hours. <4> Anti-inflammatories in prolonged treatment.
Output: medicine
Question: A 30-year-old woman, previously healthy, presents a picture of right facial weakness in the course of about 20 hours, so she can not close her right eye and her mouth has been twisted. Refers to see double with the right lateral gaze. Which of the following diagnostic possibilities seems most likely? 
 Options:  <0> Bell's palsy <1> Ramsay-Hunt syndrome (herpetic facial paralysis). <2> Sarcoidosis <3> Left sylvian infarction with involvement of the rolandic operculum. <4> Protuberant involvement due to an outbreak of multiple sclerosis.
Output: medicine
Question: The fluid intelligence: 
 Options:  <0> It is involved in tasks that are new. <1> It is shown in tasks with verbal content. <2> It reflects formal learning. <3> It is not part of the general intelligence. <4> Delimits skills based on previous experience.
Output: psychology
Question: Which of the following compounds in a fundamental intermediate of the synthesis of triacylglycerols and phospholipids: 
 Options:  <0> CDP-choline. <1> Phosphatidate <2> Triglyceride <3> Phosphatidylserine <4> CDP-diacylglycerol.
Output: chemistry
Question: The cyclic electronic flow of photosynthesis: 
 Options:  <0> It uses the components of photosystem II together with plastocyanin and cytochrome b6f. <1> Generates ATP and NADPH. <2> It occurs in situations in which NADPH is in short supply. <3> It generates ATP without reducing NADP +. <4> Free O2.
Output: chemistry
Question: The chemical reactions of the splicing process of the introns during the maturation of the pre-mRNAs consists of: 
 Options:  <0> An oxidation-reduction reaction. <1> A transesterification reaction. <2> Two sequential transesterification reactions. <3> Three sequential transesterification reactions. <4> A transesterification reaction followed by another oxidation reaction.
Output: chemistry
Question: Epidemiology allows early detection of changes in the incidence of a certain disease in the population. For this, the most correct thing is to use: 
 Options:  <0> The etiological investigation. <1> The description of the natural history of the disease. <2> Epidemiological surveillance. <3> The evaluation of the functioning of the services. <4> None of the previous answers is correct.
Output: nursery
Question: The characteristic Rovsing sign in acute appendicitis consists of: 
 Options:  <0> Pain in the epigastric pressure when applying a firm and persistent pressure on McBurney's point. <1> Acute pain that appears when the appendix is ​​compressed between the abdominal wall and the iliac crest. <2> Passive rebound sensitivity in the abdominal wall. <3> Loss of abdominal sensation when contracting the muscles of the abdominal wall. <4> Pain at McBurney's point when compressing the lower left quadrant of the abdomen.
Output: medicine
Question: Oxidative phosphorylation involves: 
 Options:  <0> The oxidation of H2O to form O2. <1> Oxidation of O2 to form H2O. <2> The reduction of H2O to give O2. <3> The reduction of O2 to give H2O. <4> None of the above.
Output: chemistry
Question: The reaction of 1H-indole with electrophiles takes place selectively on the atom in position: 
 Options:  <0> one. <1> two. <2> 3. <3> Four. <4> 5.
Output: chemistry
Question: With respect to the control points of the expression of eukaryotic genes, indicate which of the following statements is false: 
 Options:  <0> Modification of the gene structure. <1> Regulation of transcription. <2> Ripening of RNA <3> Maturation of DNA. <4> Stability of RNA.
Output: chemistry
Question: In which of the following clinical contexts is NOT the use of intravenous gammaglobulins recommended? 
 Options:  <0> Substitute treatment in humoral immunodeficiencies (defect in the formation of antibodies). <1> Prevention of monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance (MGUS). <2> Treatment of Kawasaki syndrome. <3> Management of inflammatory / autoimmune neurological pathologies (Sd. Guillain-Barré, multiple sclerosis). <4> Therapeutic management of immune thrombocyanic purpura (ITP).
Output: medicine
Question: The synthesis of membrane phospholipids occurs in: 
 Options:  <0> Citosol <1> Polyribosomes <2> Endoplasmic reticulum. <3> Golgi complex. <4> Peroxisome
Output: biology
Question: The goblet cells belong to the tissue: 
 Options:  <0> Epithelial. <1> Conjunctive. <2> Cartilaginous. <3> Osseous. <4> Adipose.
Output: biology
Question: The active center of an enzyme: 
 Options:  <0> It is formed by functional groups that come from the central amino acid sequence of the enzyme. <1> It constitutes a large part of the total volume of the enzyme. <2> Increases the ΔG of a reaction, increasing the speed of it. <3> It has a high amount of water molecules together with amino acids. <4> It is the region that joins the substrates and contains the waste that participates in the formation and breaking of links.
Output: chemistry
Question: In the synthesis of DNA, the quinolones act: 
 Options:  <0> Joining the double helix and thus blocking the progress of the replication fork. <1> Interlacing in the double helix and thus causing errors in the transcription. <2> On DNA gyrase. <3> As nucleotide analogs that are incorporated into DNA. <4> About DNA polymerases.
Output: biology
Question: Separations by capillary zone electropheresis (CZE) are characterized in that the electrophoretic medium: 
 Options:  <0> It is always formed by 1.0 M HCl. <1> It is always formed by NH3 1.0 M. <2> It is homogeneous throughout the capillary. <3> It is not homogeneous throughout the capillary. <4> It has a pH gradient throughout the entire capillary.
Output: chemistry
Question: The delirious atmosphere is defined as: 
 Options:  <0> The delirious interpretation of a normal perception. <1> A self-referential idea, of great importance for the patient. <2> Subjective experience that the world has changed in a subtle but sinister, disturbing and difficult or impossible to define way. <3> The delirious construction of a memory. <4> A rational and easily modifiable idea about an environmental issue.
Output: psychology
Question: In relation to adrenaline it is true that: 
 Options:  <0> It produces uterine contractions. <1> It is used in the treatment of anaphylactic shock. <2> It is used together with ampicillin in situations of sepsis. <3> It is contraindicated in situations of cardiac arrest due to its effect. <4> Encapsulated is rapidly absorbed orally.
Output: nursery
Question: In the health diagnosis of a community, if the objective is to know how the environment influences the community, the indicator that must be included in the analysis is: 
 Options:  <0> Unemployment rate. <1> Geographic characteristics. <2> General structure of the population. <3> Fertility rate. <4> Population correctly vaccinated.
Output: nursery
Question: What disorders are we referring to when we speak of an alteration of the integrating functions of consciousness, identity, and memory ?: 
 Options:  <0> Schizophrenia. <1> Dissociative disorders <2> Somatoform disorders. <3> Post-traumatic stress disorders. <4> Mood disorders
Output: psychology
Question: The p53 factor induces: 
 Options:  <0> Survival. <1> Proliferation. <2> Senescence <3> Apoptosis <4> Increase.
Output: biology
Question: Histone deacetylases (HDAC) promote: 
 Options:  <0> A less condensed chromatin. <1> A weaker link between histones and DNA in nucleosomes. <2> The acetylation of lysine residues in histones. <3> That the poly (A) tail of the histone messenger RNAs be more extensive. <4> The termination of the transcription and the genetic silencing.
Output: pharmacology
Question: The second heart sound coincides with: 
 Options:  <0> End of ventricular diastole. <1> End of atrial diastole. <2> Opening of the aortic valve. <3> Atrial systole <4> Closing of the semilunar valves.
Output: biology
Question: Indicate which of the following disorders will cause jaundice: 
 Options:  <0> Gilbert's syndrome. <1> Zellweger syndrome. <2> Hashimoto's thyroiditis. <3> Cushing's disease <4> Alcaptonuria.
Output: pharmacology
Question: The acetylation of the stories affects the transcription: 
 Options:  <0> Blocking the incorporation of other components of the transcription machinery. <1> Preventing the remodeling of chromatin. <2> Facilitating the action of helicases. <3> Decreasing the sensitivity of nuclear receptors. <4> Reducing the affinity of histones for DNA.
Output: pharmacology
Question: Is the goal of focusing techniques for the treatment of auditory hallucinations? 
 Options:  <0> That patients are distracted from hallucinations. <1> That patients gradually rearrange the origin of auditory hallucinations to themselves. <2> That patients do not listen to voices. <3> That patients with hallucinations take medication. <4> That patients do not think about hallucinations.
Output: psychology
Question: A 17-year-old boy referred to a health center referring to a 39-degree fever of 48 hours of evolution with a sore throat. The family doctor consults the history of the patient where it does not cost any previous illness. The patient did not report cough and the examination performed by his family doctor reveals the presence of bilateral whitish tonsillar exudate and anterior cervical adenopathies enlarged and painful on palpation. What would be the treatment of choice for this patient? 
 Options:  <0> Penicillin V or amoxicillin. <1> Amoxicillin clavulanic. <2> Doxycycline <3> Ciprofloxacin <4> Metronidazole
Output: medicine
Question: According to Kazdin, what is the meaning of the significant increase in the intensity or frequency of a behavior when an extinction program is applied to said behavior ?: 
 Options:  <0> Burst of extinction. <1> Spontaneous recovery <2> Graduation of extinction. <3> Efficacy of extinction. <4> Positive punishment
Output: psychology
Question: The hepatic synthesis of methionine from homocysteine ​​requires: 
 Options:  <0> Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase. <1> Methylcobalamin. <2> 5'-Adenosilcobalamin. <3> Coenzyme B6. <4> Methionine adenosyl transferase.
Output: chemistry
Question: Linear sweep voltammetry is characterized by: 
 Options:  <0> To be a technique based on a stationary diffusion regime. <1> To be a voltammetric technique based on a pure diffusion regime. <2> Use a rotating electrode as working electrode. <3> Use a hanging drop electrode as the working electrode. <4> Have an electrode preconcentration stage.
Output: chemistry
Question: What characterizes the physiological aging process of the musculoskeletal system? 
 Options:  <0> Synovial thinning. <1> Lumbar kyphosis more pronounced. <2> Breakage of the articular surfaces. <3> Shortening of muscular latency and relaxation periods. <4> Decrease in bone connective tissue.
Output: nursery
Question: The nurse identifies that the person she has evaluated presents a series of manifestations that correspond to the defining characteristics of a diagnostic label, however, does not identify any possible cause. How should you enunciate the diagnosis following the guidelines of the PES format? 
 Options:  <0> Problem related to unknown cause manifested by the defining characteristics identified. <1> Using the term related to instead of due to, between problem and etiology. <2> As a risk diagnosis. <3> Problem related to the defining characteristics identified. <4> The absence of cause means that there is no problem, so a diagnosis could not be stated.
Output: nursery
Question: What group of amino acids, when they are part of the proteins, can be phosphorylated? 
 Options:  <0> Val, Ser, Thr. <1> Phe, Ala, Gly. <2> Val, Glu, Asp. <3> Tyr, Ser, Thr. <4> Lys, Ser, Ile.
Output: chemistry
Question: The blastocyst is detached from the zona pellucida in: 
 Options:  <0> The ovary <1> The fallopian tube. <2> Oviductal tube. <3> The uterus. <4> The vagina
Output: biology
Question: One of the following hormones inhibits lipolysis: 
 Options:  <0> Growth hormone (HGH). <1> Insulin. <2> Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). <3> Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). <4> Glucagon.
Output: pharmacology
Question: It has a recessive inheritance linked to the X chromosome the: 
 Options:  <0> Acatalasemia <1> Hemophilia A. <2> Rett syndrome. <3> Cystic fibrosis, <4> Hypophosphatemia
Output: biology
Question: The main stimulus for secretion of secretin is the presence in the duodenum of: 
 Options:  <0> acid pH <1> Carbohydrates <2> Proteins <3> Hypoosmolar chimo. <4> Hyosmolar chyme.
Output: biology
Question: Which of the following correlates with retinopathy of the premature newborn? 
 Options:  <0> The bilirubin. <1> Gentamicin <2> The corticoids <3> The Oxigen. <4> Fentanyl
Output: medicine
Question: The standard free energy of activation of a reaction is: 
 Options:  <0> The difference in free energy between the basal state of the products and the substrates. <1> The difference of the enthalpy minus the entropy of the system. <2> The basal energy of the substrates in a catalyzed reaction. <3> The additional free energy that molecules must reach to reach the state of transition. <4> The energy released from a catalysed reaction.
Output: chemistry
Question: According to practically all of the nursing literature, which is considered the first secular school of regulated nurse training in the world: 
 Options:  <0> The Kaiserwerth Institute of Nursing Education. <1> The school of nurses of the Saint Thomas Hospital in London. <2> The Catalina de Siena Foundation for the teaching of nursing. <3> Royal School of Nurses of Saint Elizabeth of Hungary. <4> Civil Institution of the Nursing Sisters of La Merced.
Output: nursery
Question: In a determination of the activity of an enzyme, the depletion of the substrate: 
 Options:  <0> It is essential for most trials. <1> It may give falsely low results in sera with high enzymatic activity. <2> It occurs when the reagent is finished. <3> It occurs due to a defect in the spectrophotometer. <4> It can lead to falsely elevated results in sera with high enzymatic activity.
Output: pharmacology
Question: How many DNA molecules does a diploid cell contain 2n = 46 during the G2 phase ?: 
 Options:  <0> 92 <1> 2. 3. <2> 46 <3> 44 <4> twenty-one.
Output: biology
Question: The denaturation of proteins: 
 Options:  <0> It is accompanied by the loss of their activity. <1> It supposes the rupture of peptide bonds. <2> It is always an irreversible process. <3> Alter its primary structure. <4> It is carried out by chaperone proteins.
Output: biology
Question: When the individual is unable to remember important personal information, usually a traumatic or stressful event, what disorder can we think of, within the group of dissociative disorders (DSM-IV-TR)? 
 Options:  <0> Dissociative identity disorder. <1> Dissociative trance disorder. <2> The generalized amnesia. <3> The dissociative amnesia. <4> The dissociative leak
Output: psychology
Question: Under the name of xanthines are grouped: 
 Options:  <0> The coca leaf, cocaine and crack. <1> Methadone and heroin <2> The MDA and the MDMA. <3> Nicotine and inhalants. <4> Caffeine and theophylline.
Output: psychology
Question: Which of the following drugs would be the most indicated initially in a patient with an obsessive-compulsive disorder? 
 Options:  <0> Buspirona. <1> Risperidone. <2> Alprazolam <3> Clomipramine <4> Methylphenidate
Output: psychology
Question: During oxidative phosphorylation, the proton-motor force generated by electronic transport is used to: 
 Options:  <0> Create a pore in the inner mitochondrial membrane. <1> Generate substrates (ADP and Pi) for ATP synthase. <2> Induce a conformational change in the ATP synthase. <3> Oxidize NADH to NAD +. <4> Reduce O2 to H2O.
Output: chemistry
Question: Fluid bed dryers are recommended for substances: 
 Options:  <0> With high heat of fusion. <1> Free flowing <2> Termolábiles. <3> Insoluble. <4> Permeable to moisture.
Output: pharmacology
Question: Has a dominant inheritance linked to the X chromosome the: 
 Options:  <0> Duchenne muscular dystrophy. <1> Fabry disease. <2> Huntington's Korea. <3> Cystic fibrosis. <4> Rett syndrome.
Output: biology
Question: An increase in blood pressure between 80 and 150 mmHg increases diuresis because: 
 Options:  <0> The glomerular filtration increases exponentially. <1> Decreases the peritubular reabsorption of water. <2> The efferent arteriole contracts. <3> Proportionally increases renal blood flow. <4> The afferent arteriole contracts.
Output: biology
Question: The determined (or systematic) errors that can be committed in an analytical method: 
 Options:  <0> They cause the data to spread more or less symmetrically with respect to a mean value. <1> They have a definite value and an assignable cause, giving rise to a bias in the results of a series of measures. <2> They come reflected in the precision of a measurement. <3> They are never attributable to instrumental measuring devices. <4> They result in outliers, which differ greatly from the others in a set of duplicate measures data.
Output: pharmacology
Question: When performing an electrocardiogram you will notice that the QRS complex is predominantly negative in the derivation: 
 Options:  <0> V1 <1> AVF. <2> V5 <3> V6. <4> DIII.
Output: nursery
Question: In the DSM-IV classification, bipolar disorder is included within mood disorders. Is defined as: 
 Options:  <0> Syndrome that involves a set of symptoms such as sadness, guilt or loss of vital impulse. <1> Decrease in the ability to obtain pleasure, which leads the person to isolation and unproductivity. <2> Disorder characterized by the presence of episodes of euphoria or depression alternating with eutimia phase. <3> Alteration induced by substances that produce an expansive or irritable mood. <4> Affective state of a relatively autonomous and lasting character over time.
Output: nursery
Question: What would be the differential characteristic between an eating disorder and another that presents with significant weight loss and / or anomalous eating patterns ?: 
 Options:  <0> The sleep problems. <1> The pathological fear of getting fat or the overestimated idea of ​​losing weight. <2> The social difficulties. <3> The high anxiety. <4> The fear of malnutrition.
Output: psychology
Question: Which of these equalities is INCORRECT? 
 Options:  <0> Decil 1 = Centil 10. <1> Quartile 1 = Percentile 25. <2> Quartil 2 = Centil 20. <3> Decil 5 = Medium. <4> Quartile 3 = Centil 75.
Output: psychology
Question: Patient with diabetes mellitus, weight loss, anemia and necrolytic migraine erythema. The most likely diagnosis is: 
 Options:  <0> Somatostatinoma. <1> Insulinoma <2> Vipoma <3> Gastrinoma <4> Glucagonoma
Output: medicine
Question: What is the procedure called instrumental conditioning in which the instrumental response eliminates or prevents the occurrence of an aversive stimulus ?: 
 Options:  <0> Positive reinforcement. <1> Punishment. <2> Negative reinforcement. <3> Omission. <4> Extinction.
Output: psychology
Question: (-) - Deprenyl (or selegiline) is a propargylamine that is used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease because it is: 
 Options:  <0> Dopamine D2 receptor agonist. <1> Dopamine antagonist. <2> COMT inhibitor. <3> Dopamine prodrug. <4> Suicide inhibitor of the MAO-B.
Output: pharmacology
Question: Osmium oxide (VIII), OsO4: 
 Options:  <0> It is a compound in a state of oxidation very common among transition metals. <1> It is the only binary compound of osmium with oxygen. <2> It has the structure of rhenium trioxide. <3> It is inert compared to alkaline hydroxides. <4> It is used as an oxidant in organic chemistry.
Output: chemistry
Question: The first stage of the mechanism of dehydration of cyclohexanol with H2SO4 is: 
 Options:  <0> Loss of OH-. <1> Formation of an ester sulfate. <2> Protonation of alcohol. <3> Loss of H + by alcohol. <4> Elimination of H2O from alcohol.
Output: chemistry
Question: What is the mechanism of action of the immunosuppressant drug everolimus ?: 
 Options:  <0> Inhibition of the activation of lymphocytes as membrane receptors. <1> Inhibition of the transmission of the activation signals. <2> Inhibition of nucleotide synthesis. <3> Inhibition of lymphocyte migration. <4> Inhibition of proliferation signals.
Output: pharmacology
Question: In skeletal muscle, they have the capacity to regenerate, although limited, the cells: 
 Options:  <0> Of smaller size. <1> Satelite. <2> Endomysial fibroblasts. <3> Of the glia of the motor plates. <4> Anyone.
Output: biology
Question: Which of the following medications is an anti CD20 monoclonal antibody used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis? 
 Options:  <0> Alemtuzumab <1> Muromunab. <2> Abalizumab <3> Rituximab <4> Visilizumab.
Output: pharmacology
Question: Point out the correct answer regarding B lymphocytes. 
 Options:  <0> Its two main subpopulations are called B-helper and B-cytotoxic. <1> They are the cells responsible for the production of antibodies in the rejection of an autologous transplant of hematopoietic progenitors. <2> They are the target cells of the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (rituximab). <3> They require co-stimulation CD20-CD19 for the expression of the CD3 molecule on its surface. <4> It is the type of majority lymphocyte in the peripheral blood of patients with Bruton's disease.
Output: medicine
Question: The toxicological interest of the hair is due to: 
 Options:  <0> His analysis allows to know the toxic exposure in the past. <1> The change in their coloration can facilitate the diagnosis of poisoning. <2> It constitutes an effective protective barrier against the action of corrosives. <3> Its growth is interrupted by the chronic consumption of amphetamines. <4> Hair analysis is of no interest in Toxicology.
Output: pharmacology
Question: The virion of retroviruses: 
 Options:  <0> It has helical shape. <1> It has an icosahedral form. <2> It contains a single copy of its genome. <3> It contains two copies of its genome. <4> It contains a segmented genome.
Output: biology
Question: When training a patient to perform diaphragmatic breathing exercises correctly, we will indicate that: 
 Options:  <0> Inhale through your nose while counting to 3 and exhale quickly with pursed lips. <1> Inhale through the mouth and contract the abdominal muscles for another 7 seconds. <2> Firmly press the abdomen out and down when exhaling. <3> Inhale slowly and deeply through the nose and push the abdomen outward. <4> Help yourself by supporting your hands on the rib cage while inspiring.
Output: nursery
Question: Question linked to image # 5 In this patient, what should be the initial treatment? 
 Options:  <0> Perform a diagnostic angiography plus an associated fibrinolysis. <1> Modify vascular risk factors, physical exercise and medical treatment. <2> The surgery of revascularization by bypass or by endovascular surgery. <3> Perform an urgent embolectomy. <4> Analgesic treatment and decrease physical exercise until symptoms improve.
Output: medicine
Question: The first level of heart rate and respiratory control is: 
 Options:  <0> The cerebral cortex <1> Spinal cord. <2> The cerebellum <3> The bulb. <4> The hypothalamus
Output: biology
Question: Which of the following congenital heart diseases is NOT considered as heart disease that produces volume overload ?: 
 Options:  <0> Interauricular communication. <1> Ventricular communication. <2> Defects of the atrio-ventricular septum. <3> Coarctation of the aorta. <4> Persistent ductus arteriosus.
Output: medicine
Question: In relation to the physiology of the complement system, one of the following statements is false: 
 Options:  <0> Most of its components are inactive. <1> Its mode of activation is similar to the coagulation cascade. <2> It is subject to strict control of regulatory mechanisms. <3> It is only activated by two different routes: the classical and the alternative. <4> During its activation, multimolecular complexes are formed.
Output: pharmacology
Question: In relation to the consumption of dietary fiber, it is true that: 
 Options:  <0> It must be balanced (25% soluble and 75% insoluble, approximately). <1> The higher the consumption of fiber, the lower the water intake. <2> The products made with refined seeds have a high fiber content. <3> Legumes are a poor source of fiber. <4> In the adult, 10-15 g of fiber are recommended daily.
Output: pharmacology
Question: What aspects characterize the evaluation of children's problems compared to the evaluation of adults? 
 Options:  <0> Employ techniques and instruments with psychometric guarantees of reliability and validity. <1> Use especially observation, emphasize overt behaviors and emphasize the external determinants of them. <2> Enable the planning of the subsequent treatment. <3> Ensure the confidentiality of the information obtained. <4> Carry out the evaluation through the application of different techniques and instruments.
Output: psychology
Question: Regarding the stability of the drugs of a proteinaceous nature of biotechnological drugs, we can say: 
 Options:  <0> Which is strongly dependent on pH. <1> That is little affected by ionic strength. <2> That being generally so high does not usually give problems in the formulation. <3> That its maximum value occurs at the pH value of lower solubility. <4> That has a slight dependence on the temperature.
Output: pharmacology
Question: A 78-year-old man who underwent cardiac catheterization with revascularization of the right coronary artery 3 weeks ago and consulted for nausea and vomiting of 3 days of evolution. It presents arterial pressure of 185/85 mm Hg and purple lesions on the toes of both feet. In the analytical, urea 230 mg / dL and creatinine 5.8 mg / dL were observed. What is the most likely diagnosis? 
 Options:  <0> Malignant arterial hypertension. <1> Acute tubular necrosis by contrast. <2> Rapidly progressive renal failure. <3> Renal atheroembolic disease. <4> Bilateral renal artery stenosis.
Output: medicine
Question: The ionization source known as Inductive Coupling Plasma used in Elemental Mass Spectrometry, is characterized by: 
 Options:  <0> Generate mostly monatomic ions. <1> Fragment the organic molecules in molecular ions that allow their identification. <2> Be a low energy source. <3> Run at high vacuum. <4> Reach detection limits of the order of mg L-1 for most elements.
Output: chemistry
Question: Patients with schizophrenia usually present the so-called interactive imbalance that is expressed in the conversation with an exaggerated response latency, minimal speech or lack of participation in it. What is the most appropriate method to evaluate the patient and decide if it is convenient to perform a Social skills training ?: 
 Options:  <0> Through scales of intelligence. <1> Through self-report techniques: scales of social functioning. <2> By measuring electrodermal activity and other psychophysiological measures. <3> Through behavioral testing in simulated situations. <4> Through questionnaires and inventories of personality traits.
Output: psychology
Question: Point out the secondary prevention measure that has been shown to be effective in colon cancer: 
 Options:  <0> Facilitate the realization of fecal occult blood test every year or biennially and / or sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy every 5 years in people with high risk. <1> Encourage the consumption of milk and other dairy products, fish and fruits. <2> Avoid the consumption of cooked meat very made or in direct contact with the fire. <3> Avoid the consumption of tobacco and the ingestion of alcohol. <4> All the previous answers are correct.
Output: nursery
Question: The 2,4-diaminopteridine systems, such as aminopterin or methotrexate, are good antitumor agents since they reduce the biosynthesis of purines and pyrimidines by inhibiting the enzyme: 
 Options:  <0> Timidylate synthetase <1> Aromatase <2> Topoisomerase <3> Reverse transcriptase <4> Dihydrofolate reductase.
Output: pharmacology
Question: The inability to recognize faces, preserving the sense of sight, is called: 
 Options:  <0> Binocular disparity <1> Hemiplegia <2> Dysphasia <3> Prosopagnosia <4> Apraxia
Output: psychology
Question: What is the therapeutic objective of Covert Sensitization ?: 
 Options:  <0> Develop an attraction response to a stimulus that was previously a source of aversion. <1> Increase the tolerance to an aversive stimulus and reduce the emotional activation it produces. <2> Postpone immediate positive reinforcers of undesirable behaviors. <3> Develop an aversion response to a stimulus that was previously a source of attraction. <4> Mentally reinforce successful trials aimed at achieving objective behavior.
Output: psychology
Question: They are reservoirs of Q fever (Coxiella burnetti): 
 Options:  <0> Bats <1> Poultry. <2> Rodents <3> Dogs. <4> Cows, sheep and goats.
Output: biology
Question: In what type of hearing loss is the phenomenon of recruitment or recruitment characteristic? 
 Options:  <0> Transmission hearing loss. <1> Mixed hearing loss. <2> Central hearing loss. <3> Retrocochlear hearing loss. <4> Cochlear hearing loss.
Output: medicine
Question: A patient from Bolivia diagnosed with Chagas disease underwent a blood count that showed 1,100 eosinophils / μL (12% of leukocytes). Which of the following diagnoses is LESS likely? 
 Options:  <0> Infestation by Schistosoma haematobium. <1> Infestation by Ancylostoma duodenale. <2> Infestation by Strongyloides stercoralis. <3> Infestation by Ascaris lumbricoides. <4> Infestation by Necator americanus.
Output: medicine
Question: The presence of a mental disorder and the pathological use of toxic substances: 
 Options:  <0> It refers to the concept of Dual Pathology, a specific type of diagnostic comorbidity. <1> It is a pathological entity that does not exist. <2> It is synonymous with bipolar disorder. <3> It refers to elderly people who simultaneously have two or more mental illnesses. <4> It constitutes a diagnostic label without relevance from the clinical or social perspective.
Output: nursery
Question: Within the direct care functions developed by the Primary Care Teams is NOT: 
 Options:  <0> Promotion of healthy lifestyles. <1> Secondary prevention of more prevalent problems in the community. <2> Preparation and implementation of health education projects in school environments. <3> Undergraduate and postgraduate training of health personnel. <4> Rehabilitation.
Output: nursery
Question: The sequencing of an oligosaccharide is done by: 
 Options:  <0> Degradation Edman. <1> Chromatography Whatman. <2> Patch-Clamp. <3> Mass spectrometry. <4> Capillary electrophoresis.
Output: pharmacology
Question: Human papilloma virus has been linked to cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer. Which genotype is the most oncogenic? 
 Options:  <0> Genotype 16. <1> Genotype 11 <2> Genotype 6. <3> Genotype 23. <4> Genotype 55.
Output: medicine
Question: After the reaction of some xenobiotics with glutathione, the final product is formed: 
 Options:  <0> Sulfanil urea. <1> Reduced glutathione <2> Oxidized glutathione. <3> Thiosulfate. <4> Mercapturic acid.
Output: chemistry
Question: In consecutive reactions of first order, the global kinetic constant: 
 Options:  <0> Presents units of concentration-1 time-1. <1> Presents units of time-1. <2> Equivalent to the ratio of the kinetic constants of each stage. <3> Corresponds to the sum of the kinetic constants of each stage. <4> Equivalent to the product of the kinetic constants of each stage.
Output: pharmacology
Question: Of the following reaction mechanisms, in which there is an inversion of the configuration from the reactant to the product of the reaction ?: 
 Options:  <0> Bimolecular nucleophilic substitution (SN2). <1> Unimolecular elimination (E1). <2> Unimolecular nucleophilic substitution (SN1). <3> Addition Markovnikov. <4> Addition anti-Markovnikov.
Output: chemistry
Question: All the following events occur during the formation of phosphoenolpyruvate from pyruvate EXCEPT: 
 Options:  <0> CO2 is consumed. <1> CO2 comes out. <2> CoA is needed. <3> ATP hydrolyzes. <4> GTP is hydrolyzed.
Output: chemistry
Question: Thermolabile (LT) and thermostable (ST) enterotoxins are responsible for diarrhea caused by some strains of: 
 Options:  <0> Salmonella enterica <1> Vibrio cholerae <2> Campylobacter jejuni. <3> Yersinia enterocolitica. <4> Escherichia coli
Output: pharmacology
Question: A 32-year-old woman asks for preconceptional advice. The patient reports that she underwent cervical conization due to a high-grade intraepithelial lesion (H-SIL) and that she subsequently suffered three miscarriages between 20 and 22 weeks of gestation. He does not have living children. On all three occasions he went to the Emergency Department with a sensation of weight in the hypogastrium and there it was found that he arrived with a dilatation of 8 cm and with prominent amniotic membranes. I had never felt contractions. What advice would you give for the next pregnancy? 
 Options:  <0> I would recommend prophylaxis with atosiban orally throughout the pregnancy. <1> It would offer lung maturation with corticosteroids from 19-20 weeks of gestation. <2> I would recommend performing a cervical cerclage programmed from the 14th week of gestation. <3> I would advise you not to try more pregnancies because of the high risk of recurrence. <4> I would recommend resorting to assisted reproduction techniques.
Output: medicine
Question: During the aging process there are changes in the different systems and devices, being true that in the cardiovascular system: 
 Options:  <0> Increased sensitivity of the baroreceptors intensifies postural hypotension. <1> The three layers of the blood vessels are affected equally in the aging process. <2> The left ventricle decreases in size. <3> The cycle of diastolic filling and systolic emptying requires less time to complete. <4> The atrioventricular valves suffer from sclerosis and fibrosis.
Output: nursery
Question: In the most general case, the wave function of a quantum mechanical system: 
 Options:  <0> It is defined for each electron and only depends on the coordinates of that electron. <1> It depends on the spatial coordinates of all the particles that make up the system and time. <2> It never depends on time. <3> It is found as a solution to the equations of motion proposed by Newton. <4> It can always be decomposed into sum of equations for each of the particles that make up the system.
Output: chemistry
Question: Point out the INCORRECT RESPONSE on the psychological treatment protocol for social phobia proposed by D.M. Clark, A. Wells and collaborators: 
 Options:  <0> He resorts frequently to behavioral experiments. <1> It includes the abandonment of security behaviors. <2> It is applied almost always in group format. <3> Use techniques to modify the distorted self-image. <4> The patient is encouraged to ask other people about their beliefs.
Output: psychology
Question: Which of the following structures are in direct contact with the oval window on each of its sides? 
 Options:  <0> The eardrum and the tympanic scale. <1> The stirrup and tympanic scale. <2> The hammer and the vestibular scale <3> The anvil and the tympanic scale. <4> The abutment and the vestibular scale.
Output: pharmacology
Question: What are the advantages of the inventories usually used in child assessment? 
 Options:  <0> They provide standardized scores and reduce evaluation costs. <1> They facilitate obtaining detailed information about the problem. <2> They provide eneatipos. <3> They allow to gather information from different areas related to the current problem. <4> They can be applied to both adults and children.
Output: psychology
Question: In the β-oxidation of odd-chain fatty acids, what is the molecule that forms with the last three carbons to enter the citric acid cycle ?: 
 Options:  <0> Propionyl-CoA. <1> Methylmalonyl-CoA. <2> Succinyl-CoA. <3> Succinate <4> Malate.
Output: chemistry
Question: In which part of the cell is ribosomal RNA synthesized ?: 
 Options:  <0> Nucleolo. <1> Ribosomes <2> Vacuolas <3> Golgi apparatus. <4> Endoplasmic reticulum.
Output: pharmacology
Question: In the treatment of alcoholism, what is Exposure Therapy based on the behavior of drinking? 
 Options:  <0> In the Respondent Conditioning. <1> In operant conditioning. <2> In social learning. <3> In the Saciation. <4> In Cognitive Reatribution.
Output: psychology