niryuu/sni-each-converted huggingface dataset:
Question: Infections caused by Clostridium tetani, Bordetella pertussis, Corynebacterium diphtheriae and Vibrio cholerae have in common: 
 Options:  <0> The type of transmission. <1> The reservoir. <2> The production of exotoxins. <3> The affected organs. <4> The route of infection.
Output: biology
Question: The following metals can be determined by complexometric or chelometric titration: 
 Options:  <0> All without exception. <1> All except transition metals. <2> All except lithium, sodium and potassium. <3> All except alkaline earth metals. <4> All except gold and silver.
Output: pharmacology
Question: How are the proteins involved in the DNA curl and compaction called ?: 
 Options:  <0> Kinases <1> Topoisomerases <2> Histones. <3> Phosphatases <4> DNA nucleases
Output: chemistry
Question: A patient under chemotherapeutic treatment for leukemia is admitted for pneumonia for which treatment with cefepime has been prescribed. A thorax Rx / CT scan shows an infiltrate with the sign of the halo and meniscus lunate. The lesion is peripheral and a transthoracic puncture is indicated for sampling. Until you have definitive histological and microbiological results, what antimicrobial would you add to the treatment? 
 Options:  <0> Ganciclovir <1> Caspofungin <2> Fluconazole <3> Piperacillin-tazobactam <4> Voriconazole
Output: medicine
Question: Motor plate is the union between the motor neuron and the: 
 Options:  <0> Smooth muscle. <1> Skeletal muscle <2> Cardiac muscle <3> Muscle spindle <4> Tendon.
Output: biology
Question: In biliary secretion there are: 
 Options:  <0> Carboxypeptidase <1> Trypsin <2> Chymotrypsin <3> Lecithin. <4> Elatasa
Output: biology
Question: A potentiometric titration is always done at i = 0: 
 Options:  <0> Yes, because that is where the Nernst equation is fulfilled. <1> Yes, because it is an instrumental requirement. <2> No, because there are potentiometric titrations at constant i. <3> No, because potentiometric titrations are never made at i = 0. <4> Yes, as long as an indicator electrode and a reference electrode are used.
Output: chemistry
Question: The alkaline error that occurs in glass electrodes for the average pH: 
 Options:  <0> It is due to the presence of an excessive concentration of protons that is replaced by sodium ions in the glass membrane. <1> Occurs at neutral pH due to the absence of protons. <2> It takes place at very alkaline pH, in which the sodium ion behaves as if it were a proton. <3> It appears as a consequence of the dehydration of the glass membrane. <4> It occurs when the electrode is introduced into pure water due to the dissolution of the sodium ions in the membrane.
Output: chemistry
Question: Within the main phases of extrusion and spheronization we have: 
 Options:  <0> Dry mix, wet kneading and compaction. <1> Wet kneading, compaction and drying. <2> Wet mixing, compaction, and drying. <3> Wet kneading, drying and sieving. <4> Kneading dry, drying and sieving.
Output: pharmacology
Question: In relation to the hearing and balance processes, indicate which statement is correct: 
 Options:  <0> The sounds are perceived in the organ of Corti and the balance in ampullary crests and maculae. <1> The auditory signal is processed in the cerebellum. <2> The inner ear is full of air. <3> Otoliths are composed of quartz. <4> All answers are false.
Output: nursery
Question: The method of choice for the sterilization of products stable to heat but sensitive to moisture is: 
 Options:  <0> Sterilization by dry heat. <1> Filtration. <2> UV radiation. <3> Autoclaved. <4> Sterilization by humid heat.
Output: pharmacology
Question: A 20-year-old girl comes to the clinic with an acute fever, cervical adenopathy and skin rash. According to the patient, 3 weeks ago, she had a sexual relationship that could be at risk for contracting the HIV virus. Does it indicate which of the following answers is true? 
 Options:  <0> A negative HIV-1 / HIV-2 serology performed using the ELISA technique rules out the possibility that the patient has been infected with the HIV virus. <1> The clinical process suffered by the patient does not match that of acute HIV infection. <2> If the patient's ELISA test was positive, it would not be necessary to do anything else for the diagnosis of HIV infection. <3> The ELISA technique has a high sensitivity for the diagnosis of HIV infection, but its specificity is even greater. <4> If the ELISA test to diagnose HIV in the patient was negative, we could determine by the PCR technique the viral load in blood.
Output: medicine
Question: The recommended secondary prevention measure for the prevention of cervical cancer is: 
 Options:  <0> Vaccine against HPV. <1> Promote the use of condoms. <2> Substitute treatment of estrogen and progesterone in postmenopausal women. <3> Performing cervical cytology for women between 25 and 65 years <4> All are recommendations for secondary prevention.
Output: nursery
Question: You are informing P. T. of hair loss that will occur about the second or third week of beginning chemotherapy treatment. It suggests you start using the wig before hair loss in order to: 
 Options:  <0> Hide alopecia. <1> Decrease depersonalization. <2> Provide alternatives to the patient. <3> Prepare for the loss and facilitate adjustment. <4> Facilitate the choice of the color wig and similar style before alopecia.
Output: nursery
Question: Mesalazine is used in therapy in the treatment of: 
 Options:  <0> Bronchial asthma in children. <1> The motion sickness. <2> The Syndrome of Gilles de la Tourette. <3> Crohn's disease <4> The hypogonadism.
Output: pharmacology
Question: Point out the INCORRECT statement about the sexual misconduct that occurs in some victims of child sexual abuse: 
 Options:  <0> It is a common problem in children who have suffered sexual abuse. <1> It is a symptom that constitutes a diagnostic criterion of post-traumatic stress disorder and therefore it is expected to disappear if PTSD is properly treated by techniques such as exposure. <2> You can work with the parents and also directly with the children. <3> Your treatment may include a sexual education component also in prepubertal children. <4> The involvement of parents includes their duty to protect and keep the child safe.
Output: psychology
Question: The alkaline error in the glass electrode is due to 
 Options:  <0> The membrane responds to other anions besides the hydroxyl ion. <1> The membrane responds to other anions besides the hydrogen ion. <2> The membrane responds to other cations in addition to the hydrogen ion. <3> That the pH is higher than it really is. <4> This error is not described for the glass electrode.
Output: pharmacology
Question: A classification of gas chromatography detectors commonly found in the literature divides them into concentration and mass detectors, destructive and non-destructive, integral or differential and universal or selective. According to this classification: 
 Options:  <0> The thermal conductivity detector is a selective detector. <1> The flame ionization detector responds to the concentration of the analyte. <2> The thermal conductivity detector responds to the concentration of the analyte. <3> The phosphorus and nitrogen detector (NPD) is a universal detector. <4> The thermocalorimeter detector is of the differential type.
Output: chemistry
Question: When performing the Ames test, what result would reveal that the compound is a mutagen? 
 Options:  <0> Abnormal division in mouse uterus cells. <1> Abnormal growth in mouse. <2> Proliferation of a hamster ovary cell culture. <3> Reversal in the growth characteristics of Salmonella. <4> No option is correct.
Output: pharmacology
Question: The specialized type of soft and diffuse connective tissue, called myeloid tissue, is also called: 
 Options:  <0> Spinal cord. <1> Bone marrow. <2> Myelin <3> Endochondral marrow <4> Leukomyelin
Output: nursery
Question: According to Ajzen's Theory of Planned Action, what would be the direct determinant of the behavior? 
 Options:  <0> The intention. <1> The definition of the situation. <2> The definition of the event. <3> The attitude towards behavior. <4> The perceived behavioral control.
Output: psychology
Question: The number of nodes of the LUMO (unoccupied orbital of lower energy) of 1,3-butadiene is: 
 Options:  <0> None. <1> One. <2> Two. <3> Three. <4> Four.
Output: chemistry
Question: The association of advanced age, diabetes, otalgia that does not progress favorably despite the treatment and paralysis of the VII cranial nerve lead to think of one of the following clinical pictures as the first option: 
 Options:  <0> Nasopharyngeal carcinoma <1> Granular myringitis. <2> Diffuse labyrinthitis. <3> Carcinoma of the temporal bone. <4> Malignant external otitis
Output: medicine
Question: Which of the following NANDA diagnoses is NOT relevant in the newly operated patient: 
 Options:  <0> Acute pain <1> Risk of liquid volume deficit. <2> Ineffective respiratory pattern <3> Alteration of social interaction. <4> Ineffective cleaning of the respiratory tract.
Output: nursery
Question: The main vessels that regulate blood flow are: 
 Options:  <0> Arteries <1> Arterioles <2> Capillaries <3> Venules <4> Veins.
Output: biology
Question: A particle charged in solution moves when it is placed in an electric field. The speed acquired by the solute under the influence of the applied voltage is the product of the apparent mobility of the solute and the applied field. With regard to this mobility, it can be stated that: 
 Options:  <0> A neutral particle of small size will have a smaller mobility than a neutral one of large size. <1> A macromolecular polymer will have greater mobility than the corresponding monomer. <2> A large particle with a small charge will have great mobility. <3> A small particle of great load will have great mobility. <4> A charged micelle will have less mobility than another micelle of the same size but neutral.
Output: chemistry
Question: Point to the FALSE option. The model of the five factors of the personality of McCrae and Costa establishes as basic dimensions to study the person: 
 Options:  <0> Neuroticism and emotional stability. <1> Extraversion and introversion. <2> Mental openness and narrow-mindedness. <3> Kindness and antipathy. <4> Happiness and sadness
Output: nursery
Question: Vasconstricts systemic arterioles: 
 Options:  <0> Low pO2. <1> Low pH. <2> Angiotensin II. <3> Acetylcholine <4> Nitric oxide.
Output: biology
Question: Which of the following steps of cholesterol biosynthesis is what controls the speed and place of metabolic regulation: 
 Options:  <0> Geranyl pyrophosphate Farnesyl pyrophosphate. <1> Squalene  Lanosterol <2> Lanosterol  Cholesterol. <3> Acetyl CoA  Acetoacetyl CoA. <4> 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA Mevalonic acid.
Output: chemistry
Question: Which of the following drugs used in the treatment of osteoporosis acts by binding to the RANK ligand? 
 Options:  <0> Alendronate. <1> Denosumab. <2> Calcitonin <3> Raloxifene. <4> Teriparatida.
Output: pharmacology
Question: The electron transport molecules: 
 Options:  <0> They are coenzymes of a nucleotide nature. <1> They exchange electrons in oxidation-reduction reactions. <2> They are molecules capable of oxidation and reduction. <3> FAD (flavin adenine dinucleotide) and FMN (flavin mononucleotides) are electron transport molecules. <4> All are true.
Output: chemistry
Question: Which of the following skin diseases is associated with celiac disease? 
 Options:  <0> Atopic dermatitis. <1> Dermatitis herpetiformis <2> Molluscum contagiosum. <3> Annular granuloma. <4> Rosacea
Output: medicine
Question: A 63-year-old woman attended the emergency service referring to intense headache with signs of meningeal irritation, bilateral visual alterations and ophthalmoplegia. A CT scan was performed showing space-occupying lesion in a 2 cm sella turcica compatible with pituitary adenoma with signs of intratumoral hemorrhage, with deviation of the pituitary stalk and compression of the glandular tissue. Indicate which of the following answers is INCORRECT: 
 Options:  <0> The diagnostic suspicion is a pituitary apoplexy. <1> Treatment should be started with corticosteroids at high doses and observe the evolution, since this treatment could reduce the volume of the lesion and avoid intervention. <2> Treatment with glucocorticoids should be considered to avoid secondary adrenal insufficiency that compromises the patient's vital prognosis. <3> The presence of ophthalmoplegia and visual defects are indications to intervene without delay by urgent surgical decompression. <4> After the resolution of the acute condition, the development of panhypopituitarism is frequent.
Output: medicine
Question: Linolenic acid (18: 39, 12, 15) is a fatty acid: 
 Options:  <0> Polyunsaturated. <1> Saturated. <2> Polysaturated <3> With triple link. <4> Branched.
Output: chemistry
Question: The syndrome of inadequate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) is characterized by: 
 Options:  <0> Hyponatremia <1> Hypovolemia <2> Concentrations of sodium ion in urine less than 20 mmol / L. <3> Osmolality in urine less than serum osmolality. <4> High concentrations of calcium ion.
Output: pharmacology
Question: What theoretical orientation prevailed in the first phase of Psychosomatic Medicine ?: 
 Options:  <0> Behaviorism <1> Psychoanalysis. <2> Existentialism. <3> Cognitivism <4> Systemic Psychology
Output: psychology
Question: The negative symptomatology of schizophrenia seems to be caused by: 
 Options:  <0> The excessive activity of some dopaminergic neural circuits. <1> The excessive activity of the GABAergic neurons. <2> The existence of brain damage. <3> Have a gene for schizophrenia that causes negative symptoms. <4> Insufficient activity of the serotonergic neurons of the frontal lobe.
Output: psychology
Question: In the technique of analysis by injection in flow: 
 Options:  <0> A relatively large volume of sample is injected into the system, obtaining signals at steady state. <1> A small volume of sample whose integrity is maintained by segmentation with air bubbles is introduced. <2> The sample maintains its integrity throughout the process as it is available in separate containers. <3> The responses obtained have a peak shape whose height depends on the concentration of the sample. <4> The main difficulty lies in the slowness of the measures.
Output: chemistry
Question: The cells of the stomach that are responsible for the secretion of hydrochloric acid are: 
 Options:  <0> The main cells. <1> The G cells <2> The parietal cells. <3> The enterocytes. <4> The mucosites of surface.
Output: nursery
Question: Which of the following pharmacokinetic characteristics of rosiglitazone is NOT correct ?: 
 Options:  <0> It has a bioavailability of 99% <1> The inactive metabolites are eliminated by urine after conjugation or in the form of sulfates. <2> It should not be prescribed in patients with liver disease. <3> It is necessary to readjust your dosage in the presence of kidney disease. <4> It should not be prescribed to the nursing mother.
Output: pharmacology
Question: The phosphodiester bond: 
 Options:  <0> It is formed by attack from a nitrogenous base to a phosphate. <1> It is formed using NMP as a substrate. <2> In its training PPi is consumed. <3> It involves an alpha phosphate of one nucleotide and an OH group of the ribose of another. <4> It does not need enzymatic catalysis.
Output: biology
Question: Fibrinogen is activated by: 
 Options:  <0> Platelet stopper <1> Plasmina. <2> Thrombin <3> Thromboplastin. <4> Factor von Willebrand.
Output: biology
Question: Question linked to image nº13 A 31-year-old man reported a sudden onset of chills, high fever, joint and muscle pain, maculopapular rash predominantly in the extremities, headache and photophobia. It does not refer to any pathological antecedent of interest or travel abroad in the last two years. He is not aware of the existence of communicable diseases in his immediate environment. He lives in a suburban residential area of ​​the Spanish Levante. Physical examination highlights the blackish eschar that can be seen in the image. Point out the vector transmitter of the disease that the patient most likely presents. 
 Options:  <0> Ixodes ricinus. <1> Rhipicephalus sanguineus. <2> Aedes aegypti. <3> Pediculosis corporis. <4> Dermacentor variabilis.
Output: medicine
Question: Immunoglobulin isotype change affects: 
 Options:  <0> The constant regions of the heavy chains. <1> The constant regions of the light chains. <2> The totality of heavy chains. <3> The entire immunoglobulin molecule. <4> The hypervariable regions of the heavy chains.
Output: biology
Question: 𝐸𝑎 According to the Arrhenius equation, k = 𝐴𝑒 𝑅𝑇 
 Options:  <0> The kinetic constant (k) decreases with increasing temperature. <1> The pre-exponential factor (A) is dimensionless. <2> In reactions with higher activation energy (Ea), the kinetic constant (k) depends enormously on the temperature. <3> The pre-exponential factor (A) and the kinetic constant (k) are inversely proportional. <4> The Arrhenius parameters are the kinetic constant (k) and the preexponential factor (A).
Output: pharmacology
Question: We can say that a psychological evaluator uses indirectly or inferentially self-reports of a person when: 
 Options:  <0> From them, something different from the expressed is extracted, interpreting it as an indicator of a psychological construction. <1> He takes it from the results provided by another psychotherapist. <2> They belong to information provided about their past. <3> They belong to information provided about their expectations. <4> The self-report has a behavioral character.
Output: psychology
Question: In relation to Hereditary Spherocytosis it is true that: 
 Options:  <0> It is a congenital hemolytic anemia of inheritance linked to the X chromosome that causes severe anemia. <1> It is characterized by a decrease in osmotic fragility. <2> It manifests as episodes of acute medication anemia. <3> Splenectomy is the treatment of choice when it is symptomatic. <4> It is rarely associated with cholelithiasis.
Output: medicine
Question: All of the following are common complications of untreated generalized anxiety disorder EXCEPT: 
 Options:  <0> Consumption of alcohol and drug abuse. <1> Psychosomatic disorders. <2> Depressive disorders. <3> Psychotic disorders <4> Suicidal behavior
Output: medicine
Question: We take sample of five individuals to whom we measure the LDL cholesterol value (mg / ml) obtaining: 180, 203, 104, 90 and 165. What is the median of this sample ?: 
 Options:  <0> 180 <1> 203 <2> 104 <3> 90 <4> 165
Output: pharmacology
Question: Question linked to image nº4 70-year-old man, active smoker, who underwent a chest radiological study as a preoperative protocol for prostatic hypertrophy. What would be the fundamental semiological finding of this radiological image? 
 Options:  <0> Encapsulated left pleural effusion. <1> Tumor of the anterior soft tissues of the thorax. <2> Collapse of the left upper lobe. <3> Anterior mediastinal mass. <4> Elevation of the left diaphragmatic dome.
Output: medicine
Question: Which of the following is NOT considered a classification criterion for systemic lupus erythematosus? 
 Options:  <0> Cutaneous vasculitis <1> Photosensitivity <2> Hemolytic anemia. <3> Pericarditis <4> High concentration of antinuclear antibodies.
Output: medicine
Question: Regarding telomerases, which of the following statements is not true ?: 
 Options:  <0> They have reverse transcriptase activity. <1> They prevent shortening of telomeres. <2> Its defect promotes carcinogenesis. <3> Its activity is essential for the stability of chromosomes. <4> They are ribozymes.
Output: chemistry
Question: Ribonuclease H hydrolyzes specifically: 
 Options:  <0> The DNA with DNA matching complementary sequence. <1> RNA with DNA matching of complementary sequence. <2> The RNA primer in the replication. <3> RNA without pairing with DNA of complementary sequence <4> Certain introns in the maturation process.
Output: chemistry
Question: To detect the occurrence of prerenal acute renal failure in a patient, the nurse should monitor the presence of: 
 Options:  <0> Signs of low cardiac output. <1> Hematuria <2> Urine cloudy and smelly. <3> Colic pain <4> Elevation of creatinine clearance.
Output: nursery
Question: Catalase: 
 Options:  <0> Acts on hydrogen peroxide. <1> It results in the formation of hydrogen peroxide. <2> It acts on the superoxide anion. <3> It converts hydrogen peroxide into superoxide anion. <4> Use glutathione as a cofactor.
Output: chemistry
Question: Regarding the loss of bone mass in patients treated with glucocorticoids, what statement do you consider correct? 
 Options:  <0> If the dose of prednisone received by the patient is less than 15 mg per day, for a time less than 6 months, it is not a real problem and no preventive measure should be taken. <1> Thiazides have been shown to reduce the risk of fractures, both in the hip and in the spine, in patients treated with glucocorticoids. Therefore, its use should be recommended in these patients as a preventive measure. <2> It is recommended to perform a bone densitometry after the first year of treatment with glucocorticoids, since before there is no loss of bone mass. <3> All patients treated with glucocorticoids should receive an adequate supply of calcium and vitamin D, which can come from the diet or from pharmacological supplements. <4> The loss of bone mass is observed, especially in the hip, so the densitometry of the spine has no use in its assessment.
Output: medicine
Question: Reactivity is considered a source of error when using Observation as a method of obtaining information. Where does it come from? 
 Options:  <0> From the context in which the Observation is generated. <1> Of the observed subject. <2> Of the chosen procedure. <3> From the observer. <4> Of the type of instrument chosen.
Output: psychology
Question: In a basic health area, 10 cases of influenza were detected in the month of June. This form of presentation of the communicable disease is defined as: 
 Options:  <0> Epidemic. <1> Hypoendemia <2> Mesoendemia <3> Sporadic <4> Pandemic.
Output: nursery
Question: The term that includes the changes of the endometrium during pregnancy is: 
 Options:  <0> Hatching. <1> Apposition. <2> Accession. <3> Invasion. <4> Decidualization.
Output: biology
Question: The epithelium of the epidermis is: 
 Options:  <0> Stratified keratinized plane. <1> Stratified non-keratinized plane. <2> Simple keratinized cylindrical. <3> Keratinized stratified cylindrical. <4> Cubic stratified.
Output: biology
Question: A 65-year-old man with no medical history of interest who consulted for fine micturition, incomplete emptying, diurnal urinary frequency every 3 hours and nocturia 1-2 times. Rectal examination reveals a medium-large prostate without nodules. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) 0.5 ng / mL. It provides reno-vesico-prostatic ultrasound that indicates a prostatic volume of 35 g, with absence of postvoid residual and without other evaluable alterations. What will be our attitude towards this patient? 
 Options:  <0> Offer radical prostatectomy as a treatment for your prostate cancer. <1> Request scintigraphic study to rule out the presence of bone and visceral metastases secondary to prostate cancer. <2> Start treatment with androgen blockade with LHRH analogs given the demonstrated efficacy of this drug in the treatment of patients with BPH. <3> Indicate surgical desobstructive treatment (transurethral resection of the prostate) as the treatment of choice for prostate hyperplasia. <4> Consider treatment with alpha-blockers as an initial treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
Output: medicine
Question: The model of ethical foundation exposed by Carol Gilligan is called Ethics: 
 Options:  <0> Of Maxima. <1> Of Duty. <2> Of Care <3> Of Minimes. <4> Of Justice.
Output: nursery
Question: When a person tries to avoid circumstances that increase their stress, exercises relaxation, plans leisure activities and trivializes their illness, it is said that this person is using coping strategies aimed at: 
 Options:  <0> The action. <1> The problem. <2> The omission <3> The emotion. <4> The attention
Output: nursery
Question: A procedure to identify health problems is through the agreement of people who have qualified information about the community. Two of the most frequently used techniques are: 
 Options:  <0> The questionnaire and the programs. <1> The techniques by indicators and by criteria. <2> The Delphi technique and the Nominal Group technique. <3> The questionnaire and the community forum. <4> All the previous answers are correct.
Output: nursery
Question: The genetic material of the influenza virus is replicated in the: 
 Options:  <0> Lysosome <1> Cellular cytoplasm. <2> Nucleus of the cell. <3> Endosome <4> Golgi apparatus.
Output: biology
Question: HPLC (High Efficiency Liquid Chromatography) uses packings with a range of size or particle diameter typical of: 
 Options:  <0> 3-10 Armstrong. <1> 3-10 Nanometers. <2> 3-10 Millimeters. <3> 3-10 Micrometers. <4> 3-10 Centimeters
Output: pharmacology
Question: Which of the following molecules has the smallest bond angle ?: 
 Options:  <0> H2O. <1> NH3. <2> CH4 <3> SO2. <4> BF3.
Output: pharmacology
Question: In comparison with polyclonal antibodies, a monoclonal antibody: 
 Options:  <0> It has low cost. <1> It has heterogeneous specificity. <2> It is of variable specificity. <3> Recognizes a single epitope. <4> It is of variable affinity.
Output: biology
Question: In the parasympathetic system: 
 Options:  <0> The preganglionic neuron is in thoracic spinal cord. <1> Postganglionic neurons have short axons. <2> Postganglionic fibers release noradrenaline. <3> Postganglionic neurons have muscarinic receptors. <4> Numerous neurons innervate vascular smooth muscle of the extremities.
Output: biology
Question: Which of the following associations (disease - symptom or clinical sign) is incorrect? 
 Options:  <0> Measles - Koplik spots. <1> Sudden exanthema - Fever. <2> Infectious erythema - Anemia due to spinal aplasia. <3> Varicella - occipital adenopathies. <4> Scarlet fever - Fever and dysphagia.
Output: medicine
Question: A light-emitting diode: 
 Options:  <0> It is the same as a photovoltaic cell. <1> It is the inverse of a photovoltaic cell. <2> It is the same as a photovoltaic cell. <3> It is the inverse of a photovoltaic cell. <4> It is equivalent to a photochemical cell.
Output: chemistry
Question: Which of the following is not a fat-soluble vitamin ?: 
 Options:  <0> Vitamin A. <1> Vitamin C. <2> Vitamin D. <3> Vitamin E. <4> Vitamin K.
Output: chemistry
Question: What is the most common malignant tumor of the thyroid? 
 Options:  <0> Oxyphilic carcinoma <1> Papillary carcinoma <2> Follicular carcinoma. <3> Anaplastic carcinoma <4> Spinal carcinoma
Output: medicine
Question: During the second half of the 20th century there are several theoretical nurses who develop different definitions about nursing. Which of the following characteristics can be considered common to all of them ?: 
 Options:  <0> It focuses on the patient. <1> It focuses on the disease. <2> It is a feminine profession. <3> It has meaning from an interprofessional perspective. <4> All can be considered common to all definitions.
Output: nursery
Question: Which halogens react with methane by a radical chain reaction generating haloamines? 
 Options:  <0> Fluor and chlorine. <1> Bromine and chlorine. <2> Fluor, chlorine and bromine. <3> Everyone. <4> Iodo.
Output: chemistry
Question: A 82-year-old hypertensive woman on treatment with atenolol, hydrochlorothiazide and digoxin. He goes to the emergency room for atrial fibrillation and is administered verapamil i.v. Complete atrioventricular block is evidenced in ECG. What is the most likely cause of this clinical situation? 
 Options:  <0> Digitalis intoxication by pharmacokinetic interaction by verapamil. <1> Hypokalemia due to the administration of thiazide and digoxin. <2> Pharmacodynamic interaction of beta-blocker, digoxin and verapamil. <3> Hypotensive effect of the thiazide diuretic. <4> Cardiac arrhythmia due to verapamil.
Output: medicine
Question: Which of the following clinical signs is NOT seen in the lesions of the lower motor neuron? 
 Options:  <0> Paralysis. <1> Amyotrophy <2> Fasciculations. <3> Arreflexia <4> Hypoesthesia
Output: medicine
Question: A 4-year-old boy comes to the Health Center who, 5 minutes earlier, begins with angioedema on his face, conjunctivitis, nasal congestion and hoarseness, coinciding with the intake of a spoonful of yogurt that was mistakenly given him at school. Among the background is diagnosed with cow's milk protein allergy. The examination revealed mild hypotension, heart rate 110 beats / min, Sat O2 93%, pale and somewhat sweaty, with disseminated wheezing. What is the first treatment of choice? 
 Options:  <0> Induce vomiting. <1> Adrenaline subcutaneous 1/1000. <2> Adrenaline 1/1000 intramuscular. <3> Intramuscular methylprednisone. <4> Nebulized salbutamol.
Output: medicine
Question: The restriction enzymes hydrolyze bonds: 
 Options:  <0> Phosphodiester <1> Glucosidics <2> Peptides <3> Ionic <4> By hydrogen bridges.
Output: chemistry
Question: A 55-year-old asthmatic patient goes to the ER with an exacerbation. One hour after the administration of supplemental oxygen and two nebulizations of salbutamol the patient does not improve. On examination, he breathed at 42 rpm with supraclavicular drainage and presented disseminated inspiratory and expiratory wheezing. The peak flow has dropped from 310 to 220 L / min. A gasometry extracted with oxygen at 28% shows a pO2 of 54 mmHg and a pCO2 of 35 mmHg. Which of the following attitudes seems LESS indicated? 
 Options:  <0> Increase oxygen flow. <1> Administer 80 mg of methylprednisolone iv. <2> Nebulize ipratropium bromide together with salbutamol every 20 minutes. <3> Administer intravenous magnesium <4> Start non-invasive mechanical ventilation.
Output: medicine
Question: Question linked to image nº14 A 75-year-old woman consulted for abdominal pain and increased abdominal perimeter. It does not refer previous history of liver disease. On physical examination, the abdomen is bulging with central tympany and changing dullness in the flanks. There are no masses or visceromegalies. In the analysis, only a hemoglobin figure of 10.9 g / dL, VCM 92 fl, with normal leukocytes and platelets stands out. Biochemistry and normal hepatic profile. By means of paracentesis, amber ascitic fluid with an albumin gradient of 0.7 and cytology suspected of malignancy is extracted. TAC (image) is provided. What is the most likely diagnosis? 
 Options:  <0> Peritoneal pseudomyxoma. <1> Krukenberg's tumor. <2> Peritoneal mesothelioma. <3> Ovarian adenocarcinoma. <4> Colon adenocarcinoma.
Output: medicine
Question: Topoisomerases: 
 Options:  <0> They modify the degree of DNA supercoiling. <1> They are a type of DNA polymerases. <2> They bind to the single-stranded DNA to prevent the double helix from forming. <3> They exhibit exonuclease activity. <4> They synthesize dNTPs.
Output: biology
Question: ADH increases the osmolality of the renal interstitial medium because it increases: 
 Options:  <0> The permeability to urea in the collector tube. <1> The water permeability of the ascending loop of Henle. <2> The flow in the straight vessels. <3> The reabsorption of NaCl in the collecting tubule. <4> The renal excretion of water.
Output: biology
Question: When caring for a patient who has undergone a supraglottic laryngectomy, you should bear in mind that: 
 Options:  <0> He has lost the ability to speak by extirpation of the true vocal cords. <1> The tracheostomy they have performed will be permanent. <2> You have a risk of bronchoaspiration due to difficulty swallowing. <3> You may have constipation due to cervical dissection. <4> A portion of the larynx has been removed along with a vocal cord.
Output: nursery
Question: Point out the correct statement about the relaxation technique: 
 Options:  <0> Visualization decreases the degree of relaxation. <1> The best relaxation is achieved when the person falls asleep. <2> You can practice relaxation, after continuous practice, in any position and place. <3> In deep breaths it is not advisable to hold the air for a few seconds. <4> If tingling appears, it indicates that the person is not relaxing well.
Output: nursery
Question: In the evaluation of a base with hydrochloric acid, it is known that the equivalence point appears at pH 5.54. If the bromocresol purple is used as indicator, whose turning interval is 5.2-6.8, the end point is observed at pH: 
 Options:  <0> 6.0, with a small error by default. <1> 6.8, with an error by excess. <2> 5.2, with a small error for excess. <3> 5.54. There is no error <4> 6.0, with an error for excess.
Output: chemistry
Question: Mr. X is a 67-year-old patient who has been prescribed atorvastatin orally due to high cholesterol levels that have not improved after dietary measures. Among the clinical applications of the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors we have: 
 Options:  <0> They are the drugs of choice in the case of pregnant women. <1> They are drugs of first choice in the treatment of hypertriglyceridemia. <2> They are not effective in the secondary prevention of myocardial infarction. <3> In severe dyslipidemias, in the case of heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia, they should be combined with ezetimibe. <4> They are not effective in the secondary prevention of stroke.
Output: pharmacology
Question: The type of epistasia that explains the 15: 1 dihybrid phenotypic ratio is: 
 Options:  <0> Double dominant. <1> Simple recessive <2> Recessive dominant double. <3> Double recessive <4> Simple dominant.
Output: biology
Question: Which of the following compounds can not serve as a precursor for the synthesis of glucose via gluconeogenesis ?: 
 Options:  <0> Acetate. <1> Glycerol <2> Lactate <3> Oxalacetate. <4> α-ketoglutarate.
Output: chemistry
Question: What is the most commonly used term to designate the most intense degree of distraction and the complete absence of attention? 
 Options:  <0> Attentional perplexity. <1> Attention indifference. <2> Hyperprosexia. <3> Mental absence <4> Aprosexia.
Output: psychology
Question: The absorbance of a medium solution at the isosbestic point is that determined to: 
 Options:  <0> The wavelength at which the molar absorption coefficients of two absorbent species in chemical equilibrium, interconvertible to each other, are equivalent. <1> The wavelength at which the molar absorption coefficients of two absorbing species in chemical equilibrium are not equivalent. <2> The wavelength at which the acid form of an indicator is maximum. <3> The wavelength at which the acid form of an indicator is minimal. <4> The wavelength of the species that participate in the equilibrium when it is displaced towards longer wavelengths.
Output: pharmacology
Question: The transactional or processual stress model of Lazarus and Folkman: 
 Options:  <0> It focuses on physiological reactions to any stressful stimulus. <1> Describes the general adaptation syndrome. <2> It establishes three stages: reaction, resistance and exhaustion. <3> It attaches great importance to the cognitive processes that mediate between the stressful stimulus and the stress response. <4> Describes the long-term negative effects of prolonged exposure to stress.
Output: nursery
Question: Retentive encopresis is characterized by: 
 Options:  <0> Absence of constipation <1> Being significantly more frequent than non-retentive encopresis. <2> Decreased rectal accommodation. <3> Being associated with alterations in the perception of rectal distension. <4> Decrease in the contractile capacity of the external anal sphincter.
Output: psychology
Question: The MIC-A protein, expressed in various cell types and induced by cellular stress situations, is recognized by: 
 Options:  <0> KIR receivers. <1> The Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC). <2> The NKG2D receptor. <3> B lymphocytes <4> NOD type receivers.
Output: pharmacology
Question: By heating in electric furnaces of silica, calcium carbide and coal, calcium silicides are obtained. One of them: 
 Options:  <0> It has the composition CaSi2. <1> It does not react with water. <2> Does not react with sulfuric acid. <3> It is a powerful oxidizing agent. <4> Its reaction with liquid water generates calcium silicate.
Output: chemistry
Question: A drug with a seemingly monocompartmental distribution pattern is administered in the form of i.v. perfusion. at a constant speed of 20 mg / h for 48 h. Once the perfusion is finished, three blood samples are taken, which, when analyzed, allow the calculation of the primary parameters of the model Kel = 0.0495 h-1, concentration at the end of the perfusion (C48h) = 5,553 μg / mL, Vd = 66 L. At what time would the steady state be reached ?: 
 Options:  <0> 14 h. <1> 28 h. <2> 42 h. <3> 56 h. <4> 70 h.
Output: pharmacology
Question: In the replication of the eukaryotic genes it participates: 
 Options:  <0> The Dna A and Dna B proteins <1> The complex of six proteins called ORC. <2> The eight protein complex called Dam methylase. <3> The MutL-MutS complex. <4> The MutH complex.
Output: pharmacology
Question: In 1916, in the House of Health of Santa Cristina in Madrid, the Regulation was approved for the first: 
 Options:  <0> School of Midwives of Spain. <1> School of Military Nurses. <2> Royal Certificate of Ministers. <3> Collegiate of Surgeons and Bleeders. <4> Board of Nursing Training Board.
Output: nursery
Question: Thyroid hormones inhibit: 
 Options:  <0> The basal metabolism. <1> The production of body heat. <2> Growth. <3> The development and maturation of the central nervous system. <4> The secretion of TSH.
Output: biology
Question: The Latin square designs are a type of: 
 Options:  <0> Random designs. <1> Block designs. <2> Intra-subject designs. <3> Mixed designs <4> Unifactorial designs.
Output: psychology
Question: The period of 1 to 2 years after puberty, in which the growth of the skeleton is completed and the reproductive functions are established, is called: 
 Options:  <0> Postpubescence <1> Prepubescence <2> Adolescence. <3> Menarchy <4> Premenarquía.
Output: nursery
Question: Retrograde amnesia is defined as: 
 Options:  <0> Memory loss that covers the period before the onset of the disorder that gave rise to amnesia. <1> Memory loss that covers the period following the onset of the disorder that gave rise to the amnesia. <2> Partial loss of memory that covers a specific period. <3> Memory loss in the absence of an organic brain disorder. <4> Distortions or memory errors.
Output: psychology
Question: After a traffic accident, a 38-year-old patient enters the ICU in a coma. After several days the patient does not improve neurologically and CT shows hemorrhagic punctate lesions in the corpus callosum and cortico-subcortical union. What is your diagnosis? 
 Options:  <0> Acute subdural hematoma. <1> Thrombocytopenic purpura. <2> Cerebral hemorrhagic contusion. <3> Severe diffuse axonal injury. <4> Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.
Output: medicine
Question: Indicate which of the following deficits leads to a glycogenosis: 
 Options:  <0> Hexokinase. <1> Hexosaminidase. <2> Glucose 6-phosphatase. <3> Fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase <4> Fructokinase
Output: pharmacology
Question: What thrombophilia study would be of interest to a woman with repeat abortions? 
 Options:  <0> Determination of fibrinogen. <1> C-reactive protein. <2> PAI-1. <3> Lupus anticoagulant. <4> Reptile time.
Output: pharmacology
Question: A person who presents with urine a high [Urea], possibly leads a diet: 
 Options:  <0> Very low in carbohydrates and very high in proteins. <1> Very high in fat and low in protein. <2> Balanced except in carbohydrates. <3> Moderate in carbohydrates and balanced in fats and proteins. <4> Very high in carbohydrates and very low in protein.
Output: chemistry
Question: What name do the Codes that define the internal good of the nursing profession receive, according to which obligations and responsibilities are enunciated and professional excellence is promoted? 
 Options:  <0> Deontological. <1> Ethical <2> Bioethics <3> Practical <4> Of Care
Output: nursery
Question: When an enzyme catalyzes a reaction: 
 Options:  <0> It is not modified and can be reused. <1> It does not change, but it loses its activity. <2> It always requires the participation of cofactors. <3> It denatures to facilitate bonding with the substrate. <4> It always requires energy.
Output: biology
Question: What type of anomalies are the Micropsy and autometamorphopsia? 
 Options:  <0> Abnormalities in the perception of quality. <1> Abnormalities in the perception of size / shape. <2> Abnormalities in the perception of intensity. <3> Perceptive deception. <4> The same perceptual distortion.
Output: psychology
Question: With what scope is the Theory of the Melzack Gate and Wall related ?: 
 Options:  <0> Cancer. <1> HIV infection <2> Renal problems. <3> Pain. <4> Cardiovascular disorders
Output: psychology
Question: A 78-year-old woman is undergoing surgery to implant a definitive pacemaker for atrio-ventricular block. His personal history includes high blood pressure, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus and morbid obesity. The procedure is long and laborious due to the obesity of the patient and is carried out through infiltrations with local anesthetic. At forty-five minutes after the beginning of the intervention, she begins to show agitation and progressive disorientation. She says she is dizzy and does not see or hear well. Physical examination shows a discrete bilateral mydriasis, shivering and distal tremors in the upper extremities. What would be the most logical attitude to follow in this clinical picture? 
 Options:  <0> Neurological symptomatology leads to toxicity due to local anesthetics. The administration of local anesthetic should be interrupted, intravenous diazepam or midazolam administered, the procedure completed as soon as possible and the patient placed under clinical observation. <1> The symptomatology is clearly compatible with an acute ischemic stroke. The neurological examination must be completed once the implantation of the pacemaker has been completed and treatment with low molecular weight heparin has begun at a dose of 0.5 mg per kg per day, after an urgent CT scan. <2> The clinical picture is compatible with an anxiety crisis caused by pain during implantation of the pacemaker. The correct treatment includes a greater infiltration with the local anesthetic to relieve pain and the administration of intravenous diazepam for its anxiolytic effects. <3> Given the clinical history of the patient, it is most likely that she is suffering from an acute coronary syndrome. An electrocardiogram should be performed, obtain a CPK-MB determination and notify Cardiology to initiate the appropriate treatment. <4> An urgent determination of blood glucose should be made, since the clinical picture could correspond to a diabetic ketoacidosis.
Output: medicine
Question: For which of the following disorders has exposure with response prevention been used successfully: 
 Options:  <0> The encopresis. <1> Tourette's syndrome <2> ADHD with predominance of hyperactivity / impulsive. <3> Tobacco use in adolescence. <4> The shyness in childhood.
Output: psychology
Question: The translocation t (11; 14) is characteristic of mantle lymphoma. Which fusion protein originates, capable of promoting the cells towards the S phase of the cell cycle ?: 
 Options:  <0> BCL-2 <1> Beta-2-microglobulin. <2> Cyclin D1. <3> Transreticulin. <4> ALK protein.
Output: pharmacology
Question: A 19-year-old man consulted for a 24-hour history of pain, swelling and functional impotence of the right knee accompanied by a fever of 38ºC. Physical examination reveals inflammatory signs and joint effusion in the right knee. The analytical data show a leukocytosis with neutrophilia and an elevation of the C-reactive protein. The syndromic diagnosis of acute monoarthritis is made. What is the most likely etiologic diagnosis? 
 Options:  <0> Arthritis by microcrystals. <1> Reactive arthritis <2> Bacterial infectious arthritis. <3> Infectious arthritis due to mycobacteria. <4> Rheumatoid arthritis.
Output: medicine
Question: In a patient with mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in stable phase, polyglobulia and respiratory insufficiency are evident. The chest radiograph shows no noticeable alterations. Which of the following procedures would you consider to carry out in the first place to rule out the coexistence of other diseases that may justify the described findings ?: 
 Options:  <0> Respiratory polygraphy <1> Echocardiogram. <2> Thoracic computed tomography. <3> Pulmonary scintigraphy <4> Puncture of bone marrow.
Output: medicine
Question: The oppressive / tightening pain, of light to moderate intensity, of bilateral localization and that does not worsen with routine physical activity, is what occurs in: 
 Options:  <0> Pelvic pain <1> The burnout. <2> Asthma. <3> Irritable bowel syndrome. <4> Tension headache.
Output: psychology
Question: The transmission of hepatitis E virus is via: 
 Options:  <0> Fecal-oral <1> Body secretions. <2> Bloodline <3> Placenta. <4> Aerial
Output: biology
Question: The Big Five are dimensions of personal functioning that have been obtained from the analysis of: 
 Options:  <0> The behavior registered in the laboratory. <1> The genetic polymorphisms of the individual. <2> The common language present in the dictionary. <3> Observation in the clinical context. <4> The electrical functioning of the Nervous System.
Output: psychology
Question: In a flight time analyzer in mass spectrometry: 
 Options:  <0> Ions with low m / z or lighter values ​​arrive more quickly at the detector. <1> Ions with high m / z or heavier values ​​arrive more quickly at the detector. <2> The ions do not reach the detector. <3> Ions with odd m / z ratio arrive more quickly at the detector. <4> The analysis time that is usually required is seconds.
Output: pharmacology
Question: It usually protects the DNA of a restriction enzyme: 
 Options:  <0> Methylation of a nitrogenous base. <1> Glycosylation of a nitrogenous base. <2> Acetylation of deoxyribose. <3> Phosphorylation of deoxyribose. <4> Loss of one of the hydroxyl groups of phosphate.
Output: biology
Question: The reactions in which the kinetics does not depend on the nucleophilic concentration, are reactions: 
 Options:  <0> Radicals <1> SN1. <2> Pericyclic. <3> SN2. <4> None of the above.
Output: chemistry
Question: Which of the following enzymes catalyzes phosphorylation using inorganic phosphate: 
 Options:  <0> Hexokinase. <1> Fosfofructoquinasa. <2> Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. <3> Phosphoglycerate kinase. <4> Pyruvate kinase.
Output: chemistry
Question: Atenolol is an antihypertensive β-antagonist that belongs to the structural family: 
 Options:  <0> Arylethanolamines <1> Quinazolines <2> β-Haloalkylamines. <3> Aryloxypropanolamines. <4> 2-Imidazolines.
Output: pharmacology
Question: The lithium aluminum hydride reacts with the carboxylic acids to give: 
 Options:  <0> Esters. <1> Ketones <2> Tertiary alcohols. <3> Secondary alcohols <4> Primary alcohols.
Output: chemistry
Question: What feature or dimension of attention is most relevant when the child looks for a red paint in his school case full of other colors? 
 Options:  <0> Orientation. <1> Flexibility. <2> Concentration. <3> Alert. <4> Persistence.
Output: psychology
Question: What procedure is part of the cognitive-behavioral intervention program for hypochondria proposed by Warwick and Salkovskis ?: 
 Options:  <0> The systematic desensitization in imagination to extinguish the fear of interoceptive sensations. <1> The stopping of thought to block intrusive thoughts about the disease. <2> The training in mindfulness to reduce the appearance of annoying bodily sensations. <3> The prevention of response to reduce body checking behaviors and search for reassuring information. <4> The resolution of the underlying conflicts related to guilt and dependency needs.
Output: psychology
Question: Among the following, the first precursor cell of neutrophil granulocytes is: 
 Options:  <0> Monoblast. <1> Myeloblast. <2> Metamielocito. <3> Cell in band (or in staff) <4> Promyelocyte
Output: biology