niryuu/sni-each-converted huggingface dataset:
Question: In the control of chronic diseases that require continuous treatment, one of the main challenges for the primary care nurse is to favor adherence to pharmacological treatment and to make recommendations related to lifestyles. Of the following recommendations, which would NOT be indicated to encourage such adhesion ?: 
 Options:  <0> Provide clear advice on the benefits and possible adverse effects of the treatment and on the posology and its duration. <1> Take into account the habits and preferences of the patient. <2> Use standardized diets and exercise charts that reduce monitoring. <3> Establish a therapeutic relationship based on the motivational interview. <4> Offer multiple or combined sessions of behavioral interventions.
Output: nursery
Question: The carcinogenic action of Benzo (a) pyrene: 
 Options:  <0> It is due to the production of oxygen free radicals. <1> It is due to its biotransformation in a dihydrodiol. <2> It is due to its biotransformation in an epoxide. <3> It increases in tissues rich in epoxide hydrolase. <4> It diminishes in tissues rich in cytochrome P450.
Output: pharmacology
Question: One of the basic components that usually include all Social Skills Training programs is: 
 Options:  <0> Rational Emotive Imagination. <1> Control techniques stimulate. <2> Perspective shot <3> Behavior test. <4> Contracts of contingencies.
Output: psychology
Question: ATP synthase: 
 Options:  <0> It generates ATP by a mechanism of rotational catalysis. <1> It is found in the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum. <2> It synthesizes ATP when electrons flow through it. <3> It presents an electron channel. <4> Consume ATP by hydrolysis coupled to electron transport.
Output: biology
Question: What is the main diagnostic characteristic of a Bipolar I Disorder ?: 
 Options:  <0> A disorder in which there is or has been an episode of mania. <1> A disorder in which there is or has been an episode of mania or hypomania. <2> A disorder in which there is or has been an episode of hypomania. <3> A disorder in which cycles of mania and psychosis alternate. <4> A disorder in which cycles of hypomania and depression alternate.
Output: psychology
Question: The organometallic react with the nitriles giving: 
 Options:  <0> Amino acids. <1> Lactones. <2> Alcohols <3> Ketones <4> None of the above.
Output: chemistry
Question: Vulcanization is a chemical reaction: 
 Options:  <0> What is done in the forges. <1> Which causes crosslinking of the polymer chains. <2> That desentrecuuza the polymer chains. <3> To prepare composite materials. <4> Which leads to the development of volcanoes.
Output: chemistry
Question: Pulmonary hypertension occurs as a consequence of: 
 Options:  <0> Bronchoconstriction and inflammation of the upper respiratory tract. <1> Bronchoconstriction and inflammation of the lower respiratory tract. <2> Bronchiectasis and pulmonary collapse. <3> Vasoconstriction of the arterioles of the systemic circulation. <4> Vasoconstriction of the arterioles of the pulmonary circulation.
Output: pharmacology
Question: What does the measurement of skinfolds estimate ?: 
 Options:  <0> The body mass <1> The total body fat. <2> The lean mass. <3> The relationship between fat mass and muscle mass. <4> The fat-free mass.
Output: nursery
Question: By cooling rapidly to room temperature and tempering an ordinary (low carbon) steel in water, the structure known as: 
 Options:  <0> Perlite <1> Spheroidite <2> Bainita <3> Ferrita. <4> Martensita
Output: chemistry
Question: What parasomnia is most common in childhood ?: 
 Options:  <0> Night terrors. <1> Nightmares. <2> REM sleep behavior disorder. <3> Restless legs syndrome. <4> Somnambulism.
Output: psychology
Question: Anaphase A is characterized by the shortening of microtubules: 
 Options:  <0> Kinetochore <1> Polar <2> Interpolar <3> Astral <4> Longitudinal
Output: biology
Question: Adolescent of 16 years who consults for primary amenorrhea. He does not have medical-surgical history of interest. On physical examination, we found female secondary sex characteristics, female external genitalia, with stage III-IV breast development, scanty pubic and axillary hair. He presents a stature in the 90th percentile for his age. The plain radiograph reveals a bone age of 15.8 years. The analytical study reveals an estradiol of 50 pg / ml, and high gonadotropins. Which of the following clinical entities would be compatible with the diagnosis? 
 Options:  <0> Klinefelter syndrome. <1> Kallman syndrome. <2> Constitutional growth retardation. <3> Congenital adrenal hyperplasia. <4> Complete androgenic insensitivity syndrome.
Output: medicine
Question: When should the diagnosis of distress disorder not be made, according to criterion C of the DSM-IV-TR? 
 Options:  <0> When panic attacks are recurrent. <1> When the crisis of anguish is unexpected. <2> When the crisis of anguish is accompanied by the appearance, during a minimum of one month, of persistent worries of suffering new crises. <3> When the crisis of anguish is accompanied by the appearance, during a minimum of one month, of possible implications or consequences. <4> When panic attacks are considered secondary to the direct physiological effects of a disease.
Output: psychology
Question: The cause of phenylketonuria is a hereditary deficit of: 
 Options:  <0> Homogentisate dioxygenase. <1> Tyrosine aminotransferase. <2> Phenylalanine hydroxylase. <3> Dihydropteridine oxidase. <4> Tryptophan dioxygenase.
Output: biology
Question: In 1984, the process of healthcare reform began in Spain with the publication of: 
 Options:  <0> The General Law of Health. <1> The General Law of Social Security. <2> The Law of Cohesion and Quality of the National Health System. <3> The Royal Decree of Basic Health Structures. <4> The Royal Decree of National Health.
Output: nursery
Question: Which of the following actions does insulin exert on liver tissue? 
 Options:  <0> It inhibits the uptake of glucose. <1> Activates lipolysis. <2> Inhibits the synthesis of fatty acids. <3> Activates glycogen synthesis. <4> Activates glycogenolysis.
Output: pharmacology
Question: A conjugated protein is: 
 Options:  <0> A protein that contains chemical components different from the permanently associated amino acids. <1> A protein that contains amino acids with side chains with conjugated bonds. <2> A protein that contains chemical components that make it insoluble. <3> A protein incorrectly folded. <4> A denatured and inactivated protein.
Output: chemistry
Question: Polarography is an analytical technique that refers to: 
 Options:  <0> The absorption of electromagnetic radiation. <1> The emission of electromagnetic radiation. <2> The voltametry with mercury electrode. <3> The use of palladium as a reference electrode. <4> To the potential of asymmetry.
Output: chemistry
Question: Chronic interstitial nephropathies affect the tubular structures and the renal interstitium. If we analyze the functional defects that these pathologies can produce, we will NOT wait to find: 
 Options:  <0> Isostenuria. <1> Hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis. <2> Tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis in the renal histological study. <3> Normal or little expressive urinary sediment. <4> Proteinuria of less than 2 grams per day.
Output: medicine
Question: When performing a central peripheral insertion venous catheterization procedure, the nurse must take into account that: 
 Options:  <0> The catheter is ready for use immediately after insertion, not needing further checks. <1> It is vital to perform a chest X-ray and / or an electrocardiographic record prior to its use. <2> A complete electrocardiogram should be performed in order to avoid possible complications. <3> The location of the tip of the catheter is only checked if parenteral nutrition is to be administered through it. <4> You need to check your position using a chest x-ray and another abdomen.
Output: nursery
Question: In choosing the type of cardiac valvular prosthesis (biological or mechanical) to be implanted in a patient, various aspects and characteristics of the patient and the prosthesis must be considered. In view of the aforementioned, point out the INCORRECT statement: 
 Options:  <0> Permanent anticoagulation is necessary in mechanical prostheses. <1> In general, biological prostheses are indicated in young patients, with long life expectancy. <2> Biological prostheses would be indicated in cases that present a formal contraindication for anticoagulation. <3> The rate of structural deterioration of a biological prosthesis is inversely proportional to the age of the subject. <4> Biological prostheses do not require permanent anticoagulation.
Output: medicine
Question: The water used in the preparation of medicated syrups must: 
 Options:  <0> Be sterile <1> Be purified or distilled water. <2> It is highly recommended that it contain dissolved carbon dioxide. <3> Contain dissolved calcium ions. <4> Contain an adequate proportion of magnesium ions.
Output: pharmacology
Question: The gradation of a tumor refers to: 
 Options:  <0> Determine the extent of the disease by considering tumor size and spread. <1> Measure the abnormal cell growth with respect to the size, shape and disposition of the tumor. <2> Obtain a sample of tissue to analyze it under a microscope and detect malignant cells. <3> Identify the type of tissue that caused the tumor and the degree to which the tumor cells retain the characteristics of the tissue of origin. <4> Select specific therapies to destroy tumor cells by interfering with their cellular functions.
Output: nursery
Question: One of the main concepts of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy is: 
 Options:  <0> The relativization of the context. <1> The underlying reason. <2> The experiential avoidance. <3> The resistance to change. <4> Emotional vulnerability
Output: psychology
Question: Indicate the correct option regarding the quality of life of a patient who goes through three consecutive health conditions with utility values ​​of 0.45 the first, 0.68 the second and 0.95 the third: 
 Options:  <0> The best quality of life corresponds to the third state of health through which it passes. <1> The best quality of life corresponds to the first state of health through which it passes. <2> The quality of life depends on the time you are in each state of health. <3> The utility does not serve to assess the quality of life. <4> In all three states the quality of life is very bad because they are values ​​less than 1.
Output: pharmacology
Question: The reactivation of a latent cytomegalovirus in an immunosuppressed patient can lead to a severe systemic picture. How would the ethological diagnosis? 
 Options:  <0> Detecting the specific IgG in the serum. <1> By urine culture in an advanced cell line. <2> By chain reaction of quantitative polymerase in the blood. <3> By detection of antigen in the urine. <4> By detection of specific IgM in the serum.
Output: medicine
Question: The deoxyribonucleotides are synthesized: 
 Options:  <0> From the ribonucleotide triphosphate. <1> From the ribonucleotides diphosphate. <2> From NADPH. <3> By oxidation of ribonucleotides. <4> For DNA polymerase III.
Output: chemistry
Question: In the oxaciclohexane-type conformer of sugar -D - (+) - glucopyranose: 
 Options:  <0> One of the OH- groups is axial, but the remaining substituents are equatorial. <1> The CH2OH group is axial but the remaining groups are equatorial. <2> All groups are axial. <3> All groups are equatorial. <4> The CH2OH group is equatorial but the remaining groups are axial.
Output: chemistry
Question: A 32-year-old pregnant woman of 16 weeks, a habitual consumer of cocaine and heroin with a history of failure in outpatient detoxification, goes to the comprehensive care center for drug addicts. He has no family support and says he wants to stop using drugs, but he needs support to do so. Which resource would be indicated? 
 Options:  <0> Detoxification hospital unit. <1> Therapeutic communities <2> Day centers. <3> Re-entry floors. <4> All the previous answers are correct.
Output: nursery
Question: In the kidney, sympathetic stimulation increases: 
 Options:  <0> The renal excretion of sodium. <1> The renal excretion of water. <2> The radius of the afferent arteriole. <3> Glomerular filtration. <4> The release of renin.
Output: biology
Question: The mitochondrial complex α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase needs all the following compounds EXEPT: 
 Options:  <0> CoA. <1> FAD. <2> NAD +. <3> NADP +. <4> Thiamine pyrophosphate.
Output: chemistry
Question: Under physiological conditions, the secondary structure of the most frequent DNA in the cells is: 
 Options:  <0> B-DNA. <1> Z-DNA. <2> A-DNA. <3> G-DNA. <4> H-DNA.
Output: biology
Question: Which of the following molecules has a simple covalent bond? 
 Options:  <0> C2. <1> N 2 <2> O 2 <3> O 3. <4> F 2
Output: pharmacology
Question: What two non-protein amino acids participate in the urea cycle ?: 
 Options:  <0> Proline and hydroxyproline. <1> Ornithine and citrulline. <2> Alanine and arginine. <3> Oxalacetate and malate. <4> Serine and GABA.
Output: pharmacology
Question: In the presence of a patient with Crohn's disease who is going to start treatment with biological anti-TNF therapy (antibodies against tumor necrosis factor alpha), which of the following diagnostic tests is not necessary before initiating such therapy? 
 Options:  <0> Evaluation of the immune stage by lymphocyte count. <1> Serology of hepatitis B virus (HBV). <2> Tuberculin test. <3> Chest x-ray. <4> Serology of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
Output: medicine
Question: Patients with dysphagia should avoid the following foods, EXCEPT: 
 Options:  <0> Homogeneous purees. <1> With a fibrous texture, such as asparagus, pineapple, serrano ham. <2> That contain thorns and bones. <3> They crumble in the mouth, like rice, potato chips. <4> Sticky and dense foods, like sliced ​​bread.
Output: nursery
Question: Which modality of the Behavioral Approach Test (PAC) is the most appropriate to assess the phobia of darkness in childhood ?: 
 Options:  <0> Active approach. <1> Passive exposure. <2> Passive approach. <3> Successive approximation. <4> Active exhibition.
Output: psychology
Question: Circadian rhythms are established in: 
 Options:  <0> Pineal gland. <1> Suprachiasmatic nucleus. <2> Retina. <3> Spinal cord. <4> Centromedianic thalamic nucleus.
Output: biology
Question: From what compound and where mainly melatonin is produced ?: 
 Options:  <0> From tyrosine in the skin. <1> From tryptophan in the skin <2> From tryptophan in the pineal gland. <3> From tyrosine in the pituitary gland. <4> From tyrosine in the pineal gland.
Output: pharmacology
Question: Which of the following products of the degradation of triacylglycerols and subsequent oxidation can undergo gluconeogenesis? 
 Options:  <0> Propionyl CoA. <1> Acetyl CoA <2> All the ketone bodies. <3> Some amino acids <4> -Hydroxybutyrate.
Output: chemistry
Question: The objective of using the economic evaluation in the decision making process regarding drug financing is: 
 Options:  <0> Decrease spending on medicines. <1> Be more efficient <2> Be more effective <3> Use the safest drugs. <4> Use the drugs with the best benefit-risk balance.
Output: pharmacology
Question: P. C. is a terminally ill patient with oral mucositis and pain, although he retains the ability to eat a solid diet. Which of the following actions would be indicated? 
 Options:  <0> Encourage him to suck pineapple chips. <1> Rinse the mouth with ¾ parts of 0.9% saline and ¼ part of oxygenated water. <2> Make gargles with nystatin alternating with chlorhexidine. <3> Administer viscous lidocaine 2% before meals. <4> Provide a tremix diet.
Output: nursery
Question: One of the following elements of cognitive-behavioral therapy for panic disorder (or panic disorder) has been especially questioned and its utility has been minimized. Indicate which: 
 Options:  <0> Interoceptive exposure. <1> Education. <2> Live exhibition. <3> Training in breathing. <4> Cognitive restructuring.
Output: psychology
Question: A 63-year-old man, who has been receiving an antidepressant for 3 years. He comes to the emergency room due to an intense hypertensive crisis, with tachycardia and headache. The patient reports that the day before he was watching the football game in a bar, and that he has taken a sandwich of cheese and sausages, and over 3 glasses of beers. What antidepressant could it be? 
 Options:  <0> Tranylcypromine <1> Fluoxetine. <2> Venlafaxine <3> Imipramine <4> Duloxetine
Output: pharmacology
Question: How many degrees of freedom does a Student's t-test applied to two samples related to a total of 25 individuals? 
 Options:  <0> 26 <1> 24 <2> 2. 3. <3> 48 <4> 47
Output: biology
Question: Man of 55 years, obese, dyslipidemic and active smoker. In study for refractory hypertension without evidence of cardiac or renal damage so far. He refers to morning headache with daytime hypersomnia. ABPM was performed (ambulatory blood pressure monitoring 24 hours) and arterial hypertension was confirmed despite 3 drugs, one of them diuretic, with higher nighttime blood pressures than daytime blood pressure. What diagnostic test would you request next with your clinical suspicion? 
 Options:  <0> Determination of catecholamines in urine 24h. <1> Hormonal determination of renin-aldosterone. <2> Night polysomnography. <3> Doppler ultrasound <4> CT aorta.
Output: medicine
Question: The Law of Bases of the National Health of 1944 established with obligatory character: 
 Options:  <0> That in each Spanish province a College of Health Assistants was created that would integrate practitioners, midwives and nurses. <1> The creation of the Body of Ministers, Practitioners of Surgery and Midwives. <2> The official program to be followed by nurses in the Faculties of Medicine. <3> The creation of the Nursing Corps of the Traditionalist Spanish Falange and of the JONS. <4> The requirements to obtain the title and to be able to get registered as Professional Nurses of the Spanish Red Cross.
Output: nursery
Question: Which of the following signs is characteristic of a patient with left heart failure ?: 
 Options:  <0> Rattles. <1> Increased blood pressure. <2> Decrease in weight <3> Ascitis <4> Bradycardia
Output: nursery
Question: Enterobacteriaceae are bacteria: 
 Options:  <0> Able to breathe and ferment. <1> Cytochrome C oxidase positive. <2> Mobiles with polar flagellation. <3> Lacking lipopolysaccharide. <4> Always associated with the intestine of mammals.
Output: biology
Question: In which of the following positions should a patient be placed to perform a gastroscopy? 
 Options:  <0> Right lateral decubitus. <1> Left lateral decubitus. <2> Supine decubitus <3> Trendelemburg. <4> Sims position.
Output: nursery
Question: A promoter place in the DNA: 
 Options:  <0> Transcribe the repressor. <1> Start the transcription. <2> It encodes the RNA polymerase. <3> Regulate the termination. <4> Translate specific proteins.
Output: chemistry
Question: For humans, the essential amino acids are: 
 Options:  <0> All proteins. <1> The non-protein. <2> The basic pH7. <3> Those that are not substrates of any transaminase. <4> Those who do not synthesize them.
Output: biology
Question: If you want to estimate the effects of an intervention, you will use: 
 Options:  <0> A transversal design. <1> A retrospective design <2> An ecological study. <3> A randomized clinical trial. <4> An observational design with random selection of the participants.
Output: medicine
Question: The repeating element of the DNA structure is called: 
 Options:  <0> Spiceosome <1> Nucleosome <2> Chromosome. <3> Replisome <4> Primosoma.
Output: chemistry
Question: One of the following coenzyme ratios with chemical groups transferred is NOT correct: 
 Options:  <0> Biocitin - CO2. <1> Coenzyme A - acyl groups. <2> Flavin adenine dinucleotide - electrons. <3> Thiamine pyrophosphate - amino groups. <4> Tetrahydrofolate - monocarbonated groups.
Output: pharmacology
Question: What allows to get a negative reinforcement? 
 Options:  <0> Decrease reinforced behavior. <1> Eliminate reinforced behavior. <2> Increase reinforced behavior. <3> Extinguish reinforced behavior. <4> It does not change the behavior.
Output: psychology
Question: Which of the following detectors is used in Infrared Spectroscopy? 
 Options:  <0> Photomultiplier tube. <1> Flame ionization detector. <2> Potentiostat. <3> Proportional counter <4> Deuterated triglycine sulfate crystal.
Output: chemistry
Question: They have their own ribosomes: 
 Options:  <0> Lysosomes <1> Peroxisomes <2> Endosomes <3> Secretion granules <4> Mitochondria
Output: biology
Question: A 45-year-old patient on the 15th day post-transplant of hematopeytic progenitors, with absolute neutropenia, platelets of 15,000 / uL and a hemoglobin of 7 g / dL, which presents a clinical picture of eye pain with periorbital edema with discrete serosanguinous nasal discharge . What is the diagnosis of presumption? 
 Options:  <0> Periorbital hematoma. <1> Allergic reaction, possibly to medication. <2> Acute bacterial sinusitis, probably staphylococcal. <3> Sinusitis due to Aspergillus spp. <4> Mucormycosis
Output: medicine
Question: To proceed to the elaboration of suppositories by the method of discharge it is necessary to calculate the displacement factor that indicates: 
 Options:  <0> The weight, in grams, of drug that is displaced by one gram of excipient. <1> The volume of excipient that is displaced by 100 mL of drug. <2> The weight, in grams, of excipient that is displaced by 1mL of drug. <3> The weight, in grams, of drug that is displaced by 1 mL of excipient. <4> The weight, in grams, of excipient displaced by one gram of drug.
Output: pharmacology
Question: The prodromal phase of a psychotic episode is characterized by: 
 Options:  <0> A deviation from emotional, cognitive, behavioral or social functioning and the presence of nonspecific symptoms. <1> Being a critical period during which the person should be treated. <2> The appearance of the first psychotic episode. <3> Be comparable to what is called the duration of untreated psychosis. <4> The functional recovery of the patient, which causes that it can be incorporated into working life gradually.
Output: nursery
Question: Question linked to the image nº9 11-year-old boy who attends because 10 days ago he has a daily fever of predominance in the evening. In the last 2 days the fever has been increasing (up to 38.5º C). Has little appetite and has lost weight (2 kg). Three weeks ago he was kicked in the right knee. Although initially he only had pain later he noticed inflammation, which was increasing until it prevented him from walking. Analytical: elevation of PCR (75 mg / L) without other significant alterations. Simple radiology is shown. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? 
 Options:  <0> Osteomyelitis. <1> Ossifying myositis <2> Eosinophilic granuloma. <3> Osteosarcoma. <4> Osteoblastoma
Output: medicine
Question: Indicate which of the following is an acquired corpuscular hemolytic anemia: 
 Options:  <0> Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. <1> Deficit of glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase. <2> Minkowski-Chauffard disease <3> Sickle-cell anaemia. <4> Pyruvatokinase deficiency.
Output: pharmacology
Question: Question linked to image nº17 Which of the following statements is correct: 
 Options:  <0> All the patients in the study except one had progression of the disease at 50 weeks of follow-up. <1> Since the survival curves overlap at the end of the follow-up time, the results should not be described as statistically significant. <2> The reduction of the risk of progression of the disease in group B (BSC + panitumumab) is 46% with respect to group A (BSC alone). <3> The average time to progression is the best estimator of the effect of the treatments and the difference between groups should be indicated to evaluate its relevance. <4> The Hazard Ratio analysis is not acceptable since the percentage of censorships is different between groups, p <0.0001.
Output: medicine
Question: To calculate the number of different genotypes in any allelic series the formula is applied: 
 Options:  <0> (n-1) / 2. <1> n x (n + 1) / 2. <2> n x (n-1) / 2. <3> (n-1) x (n + 1) / 2. <4> (2n-1) / 2.
Output: biology
Question: The symptoms of excessive daytime sleepiness, cataplexy, sleep paralysis and hypnagogic hallucinations describe: 
 Options:  <0> Simple schizophrenia <1> Refractory insomnia. <2> Narcolepsy <3> The conversion disorder. <4> Cryptoamnesia
Output: psychology
Question: A 45-year-old patient who went to the emergency room for general malaise, headache and progressive tiredness in recent weeks. On physical examination, a slight icteric dye of the skin and mucous membranes was detected and a 2-cm splenomegaly was felt under the costal margin. The analytical presents hemoglobin 8.6 g / dL, VCM 100 fL. The number of reticulocytes is high and anisopoikilocytosis is observed in the blood smear. In the biochemistry highlights LDH 1300 IU / L, bilirubin 2.2 mg / dL and undetectable haptoglobin. Which test is the most appropriate to guide the diagnosis of the patient? 
 Options:  <0> Fecal occult blood test. <1> Test of Coombs. <2> Determination of iron, cobalamin and folic acid. <3> Abdominal ultrasound. <4> Bone marrow aspirate.
Output: medicine
Question: The control of vital signs is fundamental in the assessment of the neurological patient. Many neurological disorders can present alterations of the respiratory pattern or frequency, indicating damage to the respiratory center or the nervous system. One of these abnormal breathing patterns, present in meningitis or cases of supratentorial injury, is Cheyne-Stokes respiration, characterized by: 
 Options:  <0> Regular frequency and superficial character. <1> Absence of clearly observable breathing. <2> A series of breaths that increase in amplitude / intensity to a maximum point in which they begin to decrease, followed by an apnea pause. <3> Slow and regular breaths with a frequency less than 10 per minute. <4> It is an abnormal and sustained increase in both depth and respiratory rate.
Output: nursery
Question: All components of the respiratory chain: 
 Options:  <0> They pump protons. <1> They exchange electrons. <2> They are high molecular weight complexes. <3> They are membrane proteins. <4> They are soluble.
Output: pharmacology
Question: In a clinical trial of an antineoplastic drug, a significant increase in plasma levels of LDL (low density lipoproteins) is observed. Indicate among the following statements which is correct in the interpretation and consequences of this fact: 
 Options:  <0> LDL represents the transport mode of cholesterol from the intestine to the liver. Therefore, they reflect a greater incorporation of cholesterol from lipid intake. <1> LDL is involved in the reverse transport of cholesterol from peripheral tissues to the liver. Therefore, high levels are beneficial for lowering plasma cholesterol levels. <2> LDL are rich in triglycerides and low in cholesterol. An increase in plasma LDL reflects an increase in de novo synthesis and / or ingestion of triglycerides. <3> An increase in plasma LDL levels is beneficial because it protects the arteries from the formation of atherosclerotic plaques. <4> LDL transport cholesterol from the liver to peripheral tissues, where they enter the cells through endocytosis processes.
Output: medicine
Question: For the industrial production of tin, the ore is split: 
 Options:  <0> Cinnabar. <1> Blende. <2> Wurtzita <3> Casiterita. <4> Pyrite.
Output: chemistry
Question: The particles of recognition of the signal have as function: 
 Options:  <0> Break the signal sequence. <1> Detect cytosolic proteins. <2> Direct the signal sequences to the ribosomes. <3> Link the ribosomes to the endoplasmic reticulum. <4> Join the mRNA to the ribosomes.
Output: chemistry
Question: Which of the following molecules has at least a 90º angle ?: 
 Options:  <0> H2O. <1> NH3. <2> CH4 <3> SF4. <4> BF3.
Output: pharmacology
Question: The first step in the folding of disordered polypetide chains is: 
 Options:  <0> Formation of the primary structure. <1> Formation of disulfide bridges. <2> Formation of aggregates. <3> Post-translational modifications. <4> Formation of secondary structure elements.
Output: chemistry
Question: The corrector Zeeman: 
 Options:  <0> It is widely used in Molecular Fluorescence to correct the internal filter effect. <1> It is a basic corrector in atomic absorption spectrometry, which is based on the property that atoms have in the form of atomic vapor of unfolding their electronic energy levels when subjected to an intense magnetic field, originating different emission lines for each transition electronics. <2> It is based on the phenomenon of self-absorption that occurs when the hollow cathode lamp is subjected to high currents and is widely used in atomic absorption spectrometry. <3> It is based on the emission of continuous radiation in the ultraviolet region of a deuterium lamp, used as a background corrector. <4> It is a corrector of chemical interferences, widely used in atomic emission spectrometry.
Output: chemistry
Question: In the monocompartmental model, the shock dose for a drug that follows linear kinetics is administered in multiple doses orally and absorbed extraordinarily quickly; It can be calculated as: 
 Options:  <0> The ratio between the maintenance dose and the dosage interval. <1> The product of the maintenance dose by the rate constant of absorption. <2> The quotient between the dosing interval and the absorption rate constant. <3> The product of the maintenance dose by the accumulation factor. <4> The product of the dosing rate by the absorption rate constant.
Output: pharmacology
Question: It is NOT considered a tertiary prevention intervention in a situation of mistreatment of women: 
 Options:  <0> Perform a periodic and systematic assessment of the indicators of abuse risk. <1> Perform a comprehensive physical assessment (injuries produced), psychological (emotional state) and social (social support networks). <2> If there is an immediate life risk, an urgent transfer to the hospital or to the guardhouse will be necessary. <3> Contact and inform the pediatrician if the woman has children, both because of the potential risk (when witnessing the abuse) and the possibility of being victims of it. <4> Inform of the legal steps.
Output: nursery
Question: If I propose to a friend to solve a problem like the tower in Hanoi, I will be proposing a problem of: 
 Options:  <0> Transformation. <1> Induction of structures. <2> Ordination. <3> Social relationships. <4> Complex analogies
Output: psychology
Question: The increase in standard free energy of ATP hydrolysis depends, among others, on the following structural characteristic: 
 Options:  <0> Its polar character. <1> Its amphipathic nature <2> Its stabilization by resonance. <3> Of the phosphoryl group number it contains. <4> Of the cation with which the soluble salt forms.
Output: chemistry
Question: It is an amino acid whose side chain contains an amine: 
 Options:  <0> Lysine <1> Glutamine <2> Cysteine <3> Serina <4> To the girl.
Output: biology
Question: Woman of 40 weeks of gestation in labor with 6 cm of dilation. Presents fetal decelerative pattern in cardiotocographic record so it is decided to perform a fetal blood microtome to assess fetal well-being. Result pH 7.22. The correct behavior is: 
 Options:  <0> Severe acidosis Caesarean section urgent. <1> Prepatological value, repeat take in 15-20 minutes. <2> Moderate acidosis, repeat take in 1-2 hours. <3> Value in normal limits, leave natural evolution of childbirth. <4> Repeat at the time, possible error in obtaining the shot.
Output: medicine
Question: Question linked to image # 10 In the previous patient, which of the following treatments is of choice? 
 Options:  <0> Carbamazepine <1> Vigabatrin <2> Valproic acid. <3> Topiramate. <4> Levetiracetam
Output: medicine
Question: In the formation of the skin they intervene: 
 Options:  <0> Only the ectoderm. <1> The ectoderm, mesoderm and cells of the neural crest. <2> The ectoderm and mesoderm. <3> The ectoderm and cells of the neural crest. <4> Only the mesoderm.
Output: biology
Question: The binding of an allosteric activator to an allosteric enzyme typically results in: 
 Options:  <0> Decrease the Vmax. <1> The transition to a less soluble state. <2> Decrease the Km by its substrate. <3> The transition to hyperbolic kinetics. <4> The dissociation of its subunits.
Output: chemistry
Question: The different subpopulations of effector T lymphocytes secrete different cytokines. Which of the following statements is false?: 
 Options:  <0> TH1 lymphocytes secrete IL-3. <1> TH17 lymphocytes secrete IL-6. <2> TH2 lymphocytes secrete IFN-gamma. <3> Cytotoxic T lymphocytes secrete TNFalpha. <4> The regulatory T lymphocytes secrete IL-10.
Output: pharmacology
Question: The molecularity of an elementary reaction corresponds: 
 Options:  <0> At the initial concentration of reagent. <1> To the number of molecules that are found to react. <2> To the number of collisions of the reactants per unit of time. <3> At the final concentration of the product. <4> To the reaction between the reaction rate and the reagent concentration.
Output: pharmacology
Question: Among the competences to be developed by the mental health nurse within the multidisciplinary team is: 
 Options:  <0> Collaborate in the formulation of the medical diagnosis of the mental disorder. <1> Perform, exceptionally, research and innovation activities. <2> Promote, in the shortest possible time, the institutionalization of the patient. <3> Intervene in the promotion and prevention of mental health. <4> Practice an experiential nursing based on the observation of the signs and symptoms of mental illness.
Output: nursery
Question: The magnitude of the steady state plasma concentration that is reached when a monocompartmental drug is administered in continuous perfusion is conditioned by: 
 Options:  <0> The time the perfusion is maintained. <1> The relationship between the rate of drug entry into the body (mg / h) and the elimination rate constant. <2> The relationship between the speed of entry to the body (mg / h) and the half-life of elimination of the drug. <3> The relationship between the speed of entry to the body (mg / h) and plasma clearance. <4> The administration of a rapid intravenous shock dose at the start of treatment.
Output: pharmacology
Question: A 65-year-old woman with a history of joint pains treated with anti-inflammatories, who is referred for a study due to anemia. In the complementary studies it presents 3.164.000 red blood cells, Hto. 32%, Hb 11 g / dl, VCM 69 fl, Leukocytes 7800, Platelets 370,000, PCR 0.29 mg / dl, Fe 20 ng / ml, Ferritin 18 ng / ml, Glucose 105 mg / dl, GOT, GPT, GGT , F. Alkaline, total Bilirubin, Cholesterol, Creatinine, Calcium and Phosphorus normal. Ac. Anti-transglutaminase and negative antigliadin Ac. Gastroscopy: hiatus hernia of 3 cm, rest without alterations. Colonoscopy: up to blind, isolated diverticula in sigma. Intestinal transit without alterations. Ultrasound of the abdomen without alterations. Which of the explorations listed below do you find most appropriate to complete the study? 
 Options:  <0> Jejunal biopsy <1> Arteriography <2> Endoscopic capsule <3> Radioisotopes. <4> Pelvic MRI.
Output: medicine
Question: Which of the following structural families of drugs act as neuroleptic agents? 
 Options:  <0> Benzothiazepines (diltiazem). <1> Butyrophenones (haloperidol). <2> Phenylpiperidines (pethidine). <3> Aryloxypropanolamines (atenolol). <4> 1,4-dihydropyridines (nifedipine).
Output: pharmacology
Question: Potentiometric titration of chloride with a silver electrode, using a silver ion standard solution: 
 Options:  <0> It is based on the formation of silver complexes in the presence of a high concentration of chloride. <1> Follow the Nernst equation, in which the variation of the potential varies linearly with the concentration of silver ion. <2> It shows an equivalence point where pAg does not depend on the chloride concentration. <3> It gives rise to potential variations that depend on the amount of AgCl formed. <4> It provides a titration curve in which the jump of pAg does not depend on the concentration of chloride.
Output: chemistry
Question: It is NOT associated with defects in DNA repair the: 
 Options:  <0> Fanconi anemia. <1> Li-Fraumeni syndrome. <2> Bloom syndrome. <3> Xeroderma pigmentosa. <4> Sickle-cell anemia
Output: biology
Question: Which of the following cranial nerves has the longest path through a bone canal? 
 Options:  <0> The trigeminal. <1> The pathetic or troclear. <2> The optician <3> The facial. <4> The olfactory.
Output: medicine
Question: The state characterized by a total absence of consciousness, muscle laxity, absence of response to painful stimuli and posterior lacunar amnesia, is called: 
 Options:  <0> Drowsiness. <1> Mental absence <2> Stupor. <3> Coma. <4> Obnubilation.
Output: psychology
Question: Contact dermatitis is mediated by: 
 Options:  <0> IgE <1> IgG <2> Activated eosinophils. <3> Activated NK lymphocytes. <4> Activated Th1 lymphocytes.
Output: biology
Question: Calcium hydroxide: 
 Options:  <0> It is prepared by adding water to calcium oxide. <1> It is a compound of intense red color. <2> It crystallizes when heated. <3> In solution it remains unchanged in air for months. <4> It is used to paint after neutralizing with HCl.
Output: chemistry
Question: What are the cells of the gastric glands that secrete intrinsic factor called ?: 
 Options:  <0> Main. <1> Parietals <2> Mucous <3> Endocrine <4> Cells of the diffuse neuroendocrine system (SNED).
Output: pharmacology
Question: A coenzyme is: 
 Options:  <0> A molecule of an organic nature, necessary for the activity of an enzyme. <1> The inorganic part of an enzyme. <2> A molecule of a protein nature, necessary for the activity of an enzyme. <3> Any molecule of a non-vitamin nature that contributes to increase the activity of an enzyme. <4> An allosteric effect that modifies the spatial configuration of enzymes.
Output: pharmacology
Question: As for the agonizing rattles (pre-mortem rales), it is true that: 
 Options:  <0> It is a situation well tolerated by the family. <1> They originate a silent breathing. <2> They are treated with morphine. <3> They are treated with prokinetics. <4> They are treated with scopolamine.
Output: medicine
Question: In the aromatic electrophilic substitution with a monosubstituted benzene ring, the halogens are: 
 Options:  <0> Ortho / for leaders but activating. <1> Target leaders but activating. <2> Goal / for leaders but activating. <3> Ortho / goal leaders but activating. <4> Ortho / for leaders but deactivators.
Output: chemistry
Question: Williams-Beuren syndrome is characterized by a microdeletion of the long arm of the chromosome: 
 Options:  <0> Four. <1> 22 <2> fifteen. <3> 17 <4> 7
Output: biology
Question: The determination of dissolved oxygen in natural water samples, using the Winkler method, is based on the previous oxidation of Mn (II) in an alkaline medium to: 
 Options:  <0> Mn (IV). <1> Mn (VI) <2> Mn (VII). <3> Mn (V). <4> Mn (I).
Output: chemistry
Question: P.C. is a 27-year-old woman who was given the first dose of the HBV vaccine 3 weeks ago. He has just been given the results of the serological markers of rubella: Ac anti rubella negative. Taking into account the vaccination situation, what intervention is adequate ?: 
 Options:  <0> Vaccinate the triple viral and the 2nd dose of HBV, at the time of consultation. <1> Vaccinate the triple virus at the time of consultation and wait a week for the administration of the 2nd dose of the HBV vaccine. <2> Vaccinate the 2nd dose of the HBV vaccine at the time of the consultation and wait a week for the administration of the triple virus. <3> Vaccinate from the 2nd dose of the HBV vaccine at the time of consultation, and do not vaccinate from the triple virus since it is immunized. <4> Do not vaccinate for the anti-rubella ACs.
Output: nursery
Question: A 24-year-old woman, asymptomatic, with a history of father and sister with medullary thyroid carcinoma. Incidentally, an adrenal mass measuring 5 cm in diameter was discovered on computed tomography (CT). Which of the following options should be the next clinical decision? 
 Options:  <0> Given that it is asymptomatic, semestral control is recommended with serial CT scans of said lesion. <1> The search for a possible medullary carcinoma of the thyroid is a priority. <2> A pre-clinical Cushing syndrome should be suspected in the context of multiple endocrine neoplasia. <3> Puncture-aspiration of said lesion should be performed to elucidate the nature of said lesion. <4> Catecholamines should be determined in urine to rule out a pheochromocytoma.
Output: medicine
Question: It is a genus of strict anaerobic bacteria that produce endospores and that contain pathogenic species: 
 Options:  <0> Bacteroides. <1> Bacillus. <2> Clostridium <3> Corynebacterium <4> Mycobacterium
Output: biology
Question: Question linked to image nº17 According to the diagnosis issued in the previous question, what is the best therapeutic option? 
 Options:  <0> Diet rich in proteins and low in fat. <1> Metronidazole <2> Trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole. <3> Chemotherapy. <4> Gluten-free diet
Output: medicine
Question: In the analysis of a pedigree of an autosomal dominant trait it is observed that: 
 Options:  <0> The trait appears more frequently in males. <1> The unaffected people do not transmit the trait. <2> The trait tends to skip generations. <3> The affected people have both affected parents. <4> The trait tends to appear in the progeny of related parents.
Output: biology
Question: Point out the correct answer in relation to the posology in the administration of drugs in children: 
 Options:  <0> The body size influences exclusively and therefore the dose must be calculated. <1> There is a dose standard regardless of weight, so that the procedure is fast and efficient. <2> The height in centimeters must be taken into account for the calculation of doses. <3> The calculation of the body surface area is considered the most accurate method for the administration of the correct dose. <4> Some drugs do not differentiate between doses for adults and children.
Output: nursery
Question: In a clinical study to evaluate the efficacy of a new medication in the treatment of migraine crisis (point out the CORRECT): 
 Options:  <0> Strict inclusion criteria increase the external validity of the study. <1> Strict exclusion criteria reduce the internal validity of the study. <2> Control with a placebo arm increases the external validity of the study. <3> Masking reduces the internal validity of the study. <4> Randomization increases the internal validity of the study.
Output: medicine
Question: According to the Scale of Thought Disorders, Language and Communication (Andreasen, 1979), what is the definition of Distracted Speech: 
 Options:  <0> Answers of a longer duration than adequate and that provide little information. <1> The patient stands in the middle of a sentence or idea and changes the subject in response to immediate stimuli. <2> The patient responds obliquely, tangentially or even relevantly. <3> A pattern of spontaneous speech in which ideas slip away from each other. <4> The patient speaks quickly and it is difficult to interrupt him.
Output: psychology
Question: Indicate which of the following is a Primary Delirium according to Jaspers: 
 Options:  <0> Delirious intuition. <1> Delirious control. <2> Ritual delirious. <3> Delirious crisis. <4> Delusional obsession
Output: psychology
Question: Point out the correct answer regarding therapy for Rehm's depression: 
 Options:  <0> It focuses on three processes: self-tracking, self-esteem and self-reinforcement. <1> It has no empirical evidence to be considered well-established treatment. <2> Each of its components separately have been shown to be as effective as the complete treatment. <3> It presents a strong cognitive component. <4> It has been shown superior to interpersonal therapy and problem solving.
Output: psychology
Question: The alkali halides, MX: 
 Options:  <0> They are solids that melt below 100ºC. <1> They form crystals of intense colors. <2> They can be obtained by reaction of the M2CO3 carbonates with the aqueous solutions of the HX hydrogen halides. <3> None of them can be found in nature. <4> They are liquid at room temperature.
Output: chemistry
Question: According to the classification of features that R.B. Cattell: 
 Options:  <0> The specific features are observed in the daily behavior of individuals, in all cultures. <1> Ergos and feelings shape the dynamic or motivational structure. <2> Capabilities and competences are temperamental traits. <3> Attitudes are performance traits. <4> The basic features are directly observable and qualitatively objective.
Output: psychology
Question: Acceptance and Commitment Therapy is structured around two central concepts, what are they? 
 Options:  <0> Experiential Avoidance and Personal Values. <1> Acceptance and Validation <2> Activation and Commitment <3> Experiential Avoidance and Cognitive Restructuring. <4> The emotional Vulnerability and the cognitive defusion.
Output: psychology
Question: What is cardiac output? 
 Options:  <0> The volume of blood that leaves the heart per unit of time (ml / min or l / min). <1> The complete heartbeat constituted by contraction (systole) and relaxation (diastole) in both atria and in both ventricles measured in time (sec). <2> The blood that remains in the heart when the pressure gradient determines the distension of the cardiac fibers. <3> The power gradient of the contraction, also called contractility. <4> The ventricular volume that remains constant.
Output: nursery
Question: In a patient connected to invasive mechanical ventilation, when all movements are generated by the ventilator, supplying a certain volume with a constant flow during a preset time, without allowing the synchronization with spontaneous or additional respirations of the patient, we refer to: 
 Options:  <0> Assisted ventilation <1> Controlled mechanical ventilation. <2> Synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation. <3> Spontaneous ventilation with continuous positive pressure. <4> Positive pressure at the end of expiration.
Output: nursery
Question: The cyclotron ion resonance by Fourier transform is the basis of: 
 Options:  <0> A mass ionization system useful for elementary analysis. <1> A system of atomization that is applied in atomic absorption for elements capable of generating hydrides. <2> A mass analyzer. <3> A system for introducing the sample in plasma emission spectrometry. <4> A detector system in mass spectrometry.
Output: pharmacology
Question: The confabulation is a typical symptom of: 
 Options:  <0> The pathological game. <1> The Munchausen syndrome. <2> The post-traumatic stress syndrome. <3> The burn-out syndrome. <4> The amnestic syndrome
Output: psychology
Question: In response to an increase in the concentration of adrenaline and circulating glucagon: 
 Options:  <0> It activates the phosphorylation of glycogen phosphorylase and the degradation of glycogen. <1> It increases the intracellular concentration of cAMP, and therefore, the synthesis of glycogen. <2> It decreases the intracellular concentration of cAMP and the degradation of glycogen. <3> The phosphorylation of glycogen synthase and glycogen synthesis is activated. <4> Increases the intracellular concentration of ATP and glycogenesis.
Output: pharmacology
Question: What is allodynia ?: 
 Options:  <0> Painful sensation triggered by non-painful stimuli. <1> Abnormal sensation, but not painful. <2> Sensation in which the patient has a high threshold of stimulation. <3> Tingling or numbness <4> Painful sensation increased in front of a painful stimulus.
Output: pharmacology
Question: Different cytokines induce the isotype change of the different classes of antibodies. Of the following cytokine / isotype pairs, choose the correct one: 
 Options:  <0> IL-4 / IgE. <1> IL-4 / IgM. <2> IL-5 / IgG. <3> IFN- / IgM. <4> TGF- / IgA.
Output: pharmacology
Question: They are directly involved in allergic reactions: 
 Options:  <0> T lymphocytes. <1> Dendritic cells <2> Monocytes <3> Platelets. <4> Mastocytes
Output: biology
Question: The determination of the concentration of one of the following proteins in serum can give us information of a possible hemolytic anemia. Indicate which: 
 Options:  <0> Transferrin <1> Hemosiderin. <2> Ceruloplasmin. <3> Ferritin. <4> Haptoglobin.
Output: pharmacology