niryuu/sni-each-converted huggingface dataset:
Question: In relation to intraductal papillary mucinous tumors of the pancreas, point out the WRONG statement: 
 Options:  <0> They are potentially malignant tumors. <1> Its frequency has increased notably in the last decade. <2> Three subtypes are distinguished: main conduit, secondary conduit and mixed conduit. <3> They should be excised as soon as they are diagnosed, except the main duct variety. <4> Its first clinical manifestation can be a picture of acute pancreatitis.
Output: medicine
Question: What is the name of the set of dysregulations of the neurovegetative nervous system and of the basic psychic functions, which persist for a long period of time, months or years, after achieving abstinence? 
 Options:  <0> Cross tolerance <1> Korsakoff syndrome. <2> Acute intoxication. <3> Late withdrawal syndrome. <4> Dual disorder.
Output: psychology
Question: Following the classification of Pervin (1979) and Campbell (1953-1957) on the methods of collecting information, point out one of the techniques representative of the psychometric methodology: 
 Options:  <0> The Wechsler Intelligence Scale. <1> Incomplete sentences, by Kelly and Fisher. <2> Thematic Appreciation Test, by Murray. <3> Test of Personal Construct, by Kelly (1955). <4> The autorregistros.
Output: psychology
Question: The reaction of ketones and aldehydes by the presence of their carbonyl group preferably gives: 
 Options:  <0> Nucleophilic substitution reactions. <1> Oxidation reactions to alcohols. <2> Nucleophilic addition reactions. <3> Reduction reactions to carboxylic acids. <4> They are not reactive towards nucleophiles.
Output: pharmacology
Question: The lithium aluminum hydride is a nucleophile strong enough to be added to the carbonyl group of the carboxylate ions. This process allows obtaining: 
 Options:  <0> Primary alcohols. <1> Secondary alcohols <2> Tertiary alcohols. <3> Ketones <4> Ethers
Output: chemistry
Question: Point out the CORRECT statement about the treatment program for the challenging defiant disorder created by Barkley: 
 Options:  <0> Its main scope of application is the classroom. <1> It makes an intensive use of modeling. <2> It is a training program for parents. <3> Comorbidity with ADHD discourages the application of this program. <4> It consists of twelve steps.
Output: psychology
Question: Typically the species of the genus Leptospira: 
 Options:  <0> They have movement by perimeter flagellation. <1> They present endoflagelos. <2> They are anaerobic. <3> They form prostecas. <4> They are diners.
Output: biology
Question: Derived from blood monocytes: 
 Options:  <0> Protoplasmic astrocyte. <1> Fibrous astrocyte. <2> Oligodendrocyte <3> Microgliocyte <4> Satellite cell.
Output: biology
Question: A 45-year-old man underwent a truncal vagotomy and antrectomy with Billroth II reconstruction, for suffering from a chronic peptic ulcer disease with pylorus-duodenal stenosis. Six weeks after the surgery, he reported that shortly after (less than half an hour) of the ingestions he presented with a nauseating state, asthenia and sweating, dizziness and abdominal cramps, usually accompanied by diarrheal descent. Which of the following is the most appropriate attitude for its initial management? 
 Options:  <0> Apply treatment with a somatostatin analog (octeotide). <1> Follow specific dietary measures. <2> Perform a test treatment with a benzodiazepine. <3> Perform the search for a probable neuroendocrine tumor (eg, carcinoid). <4> Indicate surgical treatment to perform an anti-peristaltic gastro-jejunostomy in Roux-en-Y.
Output: medicine
Question: J. C, 85 years old, has a history of osteoporosis. A potential complication is fragility fracture, highlighting that: 
 Options:  <0> A significant proportion of vertebral fractures are asymptomatic. <1> The Colles fracture is rare in people older than 65 years. <2> Fractures of the proximal third of the pertrochanteric femur are the less frequent fractures of the hip. <3> Half of the elderly who have a fall suffer a hip fracture. <4> The treatment of a proximal fracture of the femur will always be the prosthetic replacement.
Output: nursery
Question: The Amercian Psychiatric Association (1994) defined mental illness as: 
 Options:  <0> A syndrome that has psychological or behavioral manifestations associated with an alteration of functioning secondary to a social, psychological, genetic, physicochemical or biological anomaly. <1> A disorder limited exclusively to the person who suffers. <2> Acceptance by the patient of their actions. <3> The possibility of the person to cope with stress. <4> A disease that confines people to asylums and asylums.
Output: nursery
Question: In the field of mental health, the word chronicity: 
 Options:  <0> It is not used in relation to mental disorders. <1> It is replaced by the term Serious Mental Disorder (TMG). <2> It began to be used with psychiatric reform. <3> It is related to acute mental illness. <4> It is a neutral concept, without negative connotations.
Output: nursery
Question: A 31-year-old woman with a history of nephritic colic 4 years ago consulted in the emergency department for left lumbar pain of colic characteristics for 3 days with the appearance of fever during the last 12 hours. The presence of 15,000 leukocytes / uL, 85% neutrophils, creatinine 0.8 mg / dL and PCR 20 mg / dL stand out in the blood analysis. The urine sediment reports countless leukocytes / field. Which of the following statements is true? 
 Options:  <0> Since it is an uncomplicated urinary tract infection, we must treat it with oral antibiotherapy and evolutionary control. <1> It is advisable to perform an urgent imaging study to rule out obstruction of the upper urinary tract that requires drainage. <2> This patient has a complicated urinary tract infection and it is most likely that the causative agent is S. aureus. <3> It is best to start treatment with fluconazole and control it in the outpatient clinic in 1 week. <4> The patient has acute pyelonephritis and the optimal treatment is the combination of bladder catheterization with intravenous antibiotic therapy.
Output: medicine
Question: In a cohort study, the number of new cases of disease per person per unit of time is: 
 Options:  <0> The annual incidence. <1> The cumulative incidence or probability. <2> The prevalence rate <3> The density or incidence rate. <4> The relative risk of developing the disease.
Output: medicine
Question: The oxygen of the ethers as that of the alcohols can be protonated to generate: 
 Options:  <0> Iminium ion. <1> Alkaloxonium ions. <2> Peroxides <3> Piranos. <4> Enaminas
Output: chemistry
Question: A 50-year-old woman attended the emergency department for asthenia, anorexia, weight loss, jaundice, fever and abdominal pain. It does not refer to recent history of blood transfusion, risky sexual contacts or addiction to parenteral drugs. Usual consumption of 60 grams of alcohol per day during the last five years, consumption that has increased during the previous month due to family problems. Temperature 38.5ºC, blood pressure 100/60 mmHg. Physical examination shows temporo-spatial disorientation, malnutrition, asterixis, jaundice and painful hepatomegaly. No ascites or peritoneal irritation data. Laboratory tests include leukocytes 15,000 / microliter with 90% polymorphonuclear cells, red blood cells 3 million / mm3, hemoglobin 10 g / dl, mean corpuscular volume 115 fl, bilirubin 15 mg / dl direct predominance, AST (GOT) 300 IU / L, ALT (GPT) 120 IU / L, GGT 635 IU / L, prolongation of prothrombin time greater than 50%. What is the most likely diagnosis of the condition presented by the patient? 
 Options:  <0> Liver abscess. <1> Acute cholecystitis. <2> Acute cholangitis <3> Alcoholic hepatitis <4> Acute pancreatitis
Output: medicine
Question: Which of the enzymes contains manganese? 
 Options:  <0> Glutathione S-transferase. <1> Glutathione reductase. <2> Peroxidated glutathione. <3> Superoxide dismutase. <4> Catalase
Output: chemistry
Question: The use of microorganisms to transform contaminants present in the environment into non-toxic products is called: 
 Options:  <0> Biodeterioration. <1> Bioremediation. <2> Bioleaching. <3> Bioconversion <4> Biosensor
Output: pharmacology
Question: Bortezomib is a proteasome inhibitor approved to treat multiple myeloma. What type of acid group is present in its structure and is necessary for its activity ?: 
 Options:  <0> Boronic. <1> Phosphonic <2> Sulfinic <3> Carb <4> Carboxylic
Output: pharmacology
Question: What is the cognitive-educational program of Barsky and collaborators for the treatment of hypochondria ?: 
 Options:  <0> In exposing themselves to the vision of photographs or videos about illnesses and visits to patients and hospitals. <1> In learning about the perception of physical symptoms and about the psychological factors that amplify somatic discomfort. <2> In becoming aware of the role of somatic symptoms as mechanisms of manifestation of underlying conflicts. <3> In identifying family functioning patterns that reinforce symptomatic behavior. <4> In repeatedly providing reassuring medical explanations about physical symptoms.
Output: psychology
Question: In relation to the colligative properties of a solution it can be said that: 
 Options:  <0> They have their origin in the decrease of the chemical potential of the solvent by the fact of adding a solute. <1> The decrease in the vapor pressure of the solvent to which a non-volatile solute is added is directly proportional to the mole fraction of the solvent. <2> The addition of a solute to a solvent causes the range of temperatures in which the solution is maintained in the liquid state to be lower than that corresponding to the pure solvent. <3> The molal constant of descent of the freezing point depends on the nature of the dissolved solute. <4> Cryoscopic descent is a technique applicable to the determination of the molar mass of the solvent.
Output: chemistry
Question: The extraction technique that is used for gas chromatographic determinations in which the analyte is desorbed or thermally desorbed is called: 
 Options:  <0> Liquid-liquid extraction. <1> Extraction in solid phase. <2> Microextraction in solid phase. <3> Subextraction in solid phase. <4> Crystallization.
Output: pharmacology
Question: In the history of the Psychological Evaluation, the Aristotelian Physiognomy makes its influence felt in the later works of the authors: 
 Options:  <0> Krestschmer and Sheldon. <1> Binet and Simon. <2> Discards <3> Juan Huarte from SAN. Juan. <4> Hermann Rorschach.
Output: psychology
Question: What element plays a physiological role in the prevention of gastroesophageal reflux? 
 Options:  <0> Upper esophageal sphincter <1> Angle of His. <2> Hernia of Hiato. <3> Purkinje angle. <4> Pyloric sphincter
Output: pharmacology
Question: Regarding Nervous Anorexia, it can be stated that: 
 Options:  <0> Even if the weight is stabilized, the patients still present a considerable psychopathology. <1> The suicide rate is 15%. <2> The most frequent comorbid symptoms are obsessive. <3> The purgatives have less psychopathological severity than the restrictive ones. <4> The psychopharmacological treatment of choice is the pharmacological treatment by itself.
Output: psychology
Question: Why is the visual information transmitted to the nucleus of the thalamus ?: 
 Options:  <0> Pulvinar core. <1> Arched core. <2> Lateral geniculate nucleus. <3> Medial geniculate nucleus. <4> Ventrolateral nucleus.
Output: psychology
Question: Regarding vaccination with rubella vaccine in pregnant women, point out the correct answer: 
 Options:  <0> It should be encouraged as it is very convenient for Public Health. <1> It is the procedure of choice for the control of congenital rubella syndrome. <2> It is no longer considered as an indication of abortion. <3> It is allowed in the case of vaccines of strain RA 27/3, but not in the case of vaccines of the strain Cendehill. <4> It must be administered in conjunction with specific immunoglobulin
Output: medicine
Question: If we define the cut-off point to diagnose renal failure through the Glomerular Filtering Index (GFR) as 15 ml / min instead of 60 ml / min it is increasing: 
 Options:  <0> The sensitivity of the IFG. <1> The specificity of the IFG. <2> The Positive Predictive Value of the IFG. <3> The Negative Predictive Value of the IFG. <4> The internal and external validity of the IFG.
Output: medicine
Question: The bacteria contain endotoxins: 
 Options:  <0> Of all types except microplasmas. <1> Gram positive. <2> Gram negative <3> Intracellular <4> Endospore formers
Output: biology
Question: The reactivity of various carbonyl groups is determined by their relative stability. The order of reactivity towards nucleophiles is: 
 Options:  <0> Amides> Esters> Ketones> Aldehydes. <1> Aldehydes> Ketones> Esters> Amides. <2> Amides> Ketones> Aldehydes> Esters. <3> Aldehydes> Esters> Ketones> Amides. <4> Amides> Ketones> Esters> Aldehydes.
Output: chemistry
Question: With which author is associated the development and evaluation of cognitive-behavioral therapy in group as a gold standard treatment for social phobia? 
 Options:  <0> Clark. <1> Wells <2> There is. <3> Beck. <4> Heimberg.
Output: psychology
Question: The approximate percentage of the human genome that encodes proteins is a: 
 Options:  <0> 25% <1> 10% <2> two% <3> 6% <4> 8%
Output: biology
Question: The common cold virus has a genome: 
 Options:  <0> Single chain DNA <1> Double-stranded DNA <2> Fragmented. <3> Simple chain RNA <4> Double-stranded RNA
Output: biology
Question: To diagnose a situation of cardiorespiratory arrest, the correct sequence of assessment according to the recommendations of the Guide 2010 of the Spanish Council of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation consists of: 
 Options:  <0> Check unconsciousness, check signs of life or presence of pulse, check if you breathe and open the airway. <1> Check unconsciousness, alert, open the airway and check if it breathes. <2> Check pulse, alert, open the airway, check unconsciousness, check if you breathe. <3> Open the airway, check unconsciousness, check for pulse or signs of life (cough, movement) and check if you breathe. <4> Open the airway, alert, check if you breathe, check presence of pulse or signs of life and check unconsciousness.
Output: nursery
Question: The cells of the seminiferous tubules that support and nourish the germ cells are: 
 Options:  <0> The cells of Leydig. <1> The Sertoli cells. <2> The primary spermatocytes. <3> Secondary spermatocytes <4> The spermatids.
Output: biology
Question: Transpeptidation is the step in the biosynthesis of peptidoglycan in which: 
 Options:  <0> The union of N-acetylmuramic acid with N-acetyl glucosamine occurs inside the bacterial cell. <1> The exit of the precursors from the cytoplasm to the outside takes place. <2> The binding of the precursor to the peptidoglycan occurs outside, by glycosidic bonds. <3> The binding, by means of interpeptide bridges, between peptidoglycan chains. <4> The autolisinas act forming pores in its structure.
Output: pharmacology
Question: A hemorrhage: 
 Options:  <0> Activates the arterial baroreceptors. <1> It produces peripheral vasoconstriction. <2> Reduce ADH levels. <3> Inhibits the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis. <4> Releases natriuretic atrial peptide.
Output: biology
Question: Pneumothorax occurs as a result of the entry of air into: 
 Options:  <0> The interstitial space. <1> The pleural space. <2> The peribronchial space. <3> The pulmonary circulation. <4> The systemic circulation.
Output: pharmacology
Question: A study has been carried out to determine the risk of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) associated with the use of different non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). For this purpose, 2,777 patients with UGIB and 5,532 patients matched with the previous ones were included by age and month of admission or consultation, in the same hospitals, but for reasons that had nothing to do with the use of NSAIDs. The comparative risk of suffering a UGIB associated with previous exposure to different NSAIDs was calculated. What kind of study is it? 
 Options:  <0> Cohort study. <1> Cases and controls study. <2> Transversal study. <3> Experimental study <4> Ecological study
Output: medicine
Question: In relation to malaria, pre-erythrocytic schizonts can be found in: 
 Options:  <0> Reticulocytes <1> Liver cells. <2> Renal cells <3> Lymphocytes <4> Eosinophils
Output: biology
Question: In the kinetic methods of analysis: 
 Options:  <0> Slow reactions can be used. <1> It is necessary that the reaction be completed in order to obtain the data of the equilibrium concentrations. <2> Low concentrations of a catalyst can be determined as long as the speed of the reaction does not depend on the concentration thereof. <3> It is not necessary to rigorously control the experimental conditions. <4> Mixtures of analytes can be determined as long as they all react with the same reagent at the same reaction rate.
Output: chemistry
Question: What model of psychological evaluation jointly contemplates the basic objectives of: Description, Classification, Comparison and Prediction? 
 Options:  <0> Clinical-dynamic model, medical-psychiatric perspective. <1> Humanist Model <2> Clinical-dynamic model, Psychoanalytical perspective. <3> Behavioral Model <4> Psychometric, Correlational or Attribute Model.
Output: psychology
Question: In humans, Lactobacillus acidophilus is part of the normal microbiota of: 
 Options:  <0> The female genital tract <1> The bucco-pharynx. <2> The urinary tract <3> The skin. <4> The respiratory tract
Output: biology
Question: In a pedigree of an autosomal dominant trait it is observed that: 
 Options:  <0> The trait appears more frequently in males. <1> The unaffected people do not transmit the trait. <2> The trait tends to skip generations. <3> The affected people have both affected parents. <4> The trait tends to appear in the progeny of related parents.
Output: biology
Question: Within the Interaction Thinking School, the model developed by: 
 Options:  <0> Faye Abdellah <1> Callista Roy. <2> Dorothy Johnson. <3> Rosmarie Parse <4> Hildegard Peplau.
Output: nursery
Question: Regarding the designs of clinical trials to demonstrate efficacy of antidepressants, which of the following is FALSE? 
 Options:  <0> The inclusion in the design of clinical trials of secondary safety variables is important in order to establish the therapeutic location of the drugs studied. <1> In studies of depression it is not considered ethical to use a control group with placebo. <2> The efficacy of antidepressants is measured by the proportion of subjects with a predetermined percentage reduction in specific depression scales, such as Hamilton's or Beck's. <3> Due to the great variability of the response between one study and another, comparisons between active drugs with a noninferiority design do not allow to conclude efficacy in a robust way. <4> Although clinical improvement can be seen in one or two weeks, it usually takes 4 weeks of follow-up in clinical trials to establish significant differences.
Output: medicine
Question: Which of the following functions is not typical of the stomach? 
 Options:  <0> Food storage. <1> Protein digestion. <2> Secretion of intrinsic factor. <3> Secretion of hormones <4> Amylase secretion.
Output: pharmacology
Question: It is under the control of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis the secretion of: 
 Options:  <0> Cortisol <1> Insulin. <2> Calcitonin <3> Glucagon. <4> Parathormone.
Output: biology
Question: Which coenzyme is involved in the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO)? 
 Options:  <0> NADH <1> NADPH. <2> FAD. <3> CoA. <4> Thiamine.
Output: chemistry
Question: The secretion of the sebaceous glands is: 
 Options:  <0> Merocrine <1> Apocrine <2> Paracrine <3> Holocrine <4> Endocrine
Output: biology
Question: Van Deemter's velocity equation tries to justify the contributions of the different effects that cause the widening of the chromatographic band, which are basically of four types: 
 Options:  <0> Eddy diffusion, dead volume and resistance to convection in both phases, mobile and stationary. <1> Length of the chromatographic column, longitudinal diffusion in axial and radical direction, and Joule effect. <2> Kinematic viscosity of the mobile phase, mass transport between the mobile phase and the stationary phase, transversal and longitudinal diffusion. <3> Effect of mass transfer in the stationary phase, in the mobile phase, Eddy diffusion and longitudinal molecular diffusion. <4> Molecular diffusion in axial direction, radical atomic diffusion, internal pressure of the column and viscosity of the mobile phase.
Output: chemistry
Question: The minimum amount of auditory stimulation needed to begin to identify the lyrics of a song is a threshold: 
 Options:  <0> Absolute. <1> Subliminal. <2> Differential. <3> Relative. <4> Musical.
Output: psychology
Question: A 32-year-old man with no history of interest or cardiovascular risk factors. Clinic of dyspnea when climbing a floor of stairs of 1 month of evolution. Consultation due to sudden syncope preceded by exertion. Family history of death not explained abruptly in his brother. On physical examination, a more audible rumen systolic murmur with aortic focus is highlighted. The electrocardiogram performed in the consultation shows a sinus rhythm with a compatible pattern of left ventricular hypertrophy. An echocardiogram was performed to document an important asymmetric hypertrophy of the interventricular septum with a subvalvular dynamic gradient of 70 mmHg with moderate secondary mitral regurgitation and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction. Which therapeutic option is the LESS indicated? 
 Options:  <0> Beta-blockers. <1> Digoxin <2> Calcium-non-dihydropyridine antagonists. <3> Implantable automatic defibrillator. <4> Surgical septal myomectomy of Morrow.
Output: medicine
Question: Does vaccination with inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine generate group immunity? (point to the correct answer). 
 Options:  <0> Yes <1> Do not. <2> Only when vaccines are used with adjuvants. <3> Only against polio virus type 3. <4> Only if it is administered with DTP vaccine.
Output: medicine
Question: What is the most important prognostic factor in Stage 1 Melanoma? 
 Options:  <0> Serum LDH level. <1> Tumor thickness measured in the Breslow index. <2> The presence of clinical or histological ulceration. <3> Number of metastases. <4> The mitotic index. The mitotic index.
Output: medicine
Question: A 27-year-old woman, pregnant for 10 weeks and with persistent severe allergic asthma. Currently, it is adequately controlled with daily inhaled budesonide and inhaled salbutamol at the request of rescue. Go to your consultation concerned about the possible teratogenic effects of your antiasthmatic medication. Which of the following would be the correct attitude? 
 Options:  <0> Since asthma improves during pregnancy in most patients, it is best for the patient and the fetus to discontinue anti-asthmatic treatment. <1> Suspend budesonide because it has been linked to an increased risk of fetal malformations and replace it with an oral antileukotriene (montelukast). <2> Remove the current treatment and replace it with oral prednisone at the lowest possible dose. <3> Maintain the current treatment and reassure the patient about its side effects and the need for adequate control of asthma during pregnancy. <4> Replace budesonide with an anti-IgE monoclonal antibody (omalizumab) for its greater safety in pregnancy as it is not a drug.
Output: medicine
Question: The heating of trans, cis, trans-2,4,6octatriene results in: 
 Options:  <0> trans, trans, trans-2,4,6-Octatriene. <1> cis, cis, cis-2,4,6-Octatriene. <2> There is no reaction. <3> trans-5,6-Dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene. <4> cis -5,6-Dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene.
Output: chemistry
Question: What do behavioral treatments for major depressive disorder have in common? 
 Options:  <0> The use of exposure techniques to stressful situations. <1> The main objective of modifying maladaptive beliefs and assumptions that make a person vulnerable to depression. <2> Which are unstructured therapies and without a limited number of sessions. <3> The main objective of increasing the positive reinforcement received by the depressed person. <4> The main objective of relating depression to problematic interpersonal situations.
Output: psychology
Question: A 24-year-old woman with two weekly episodes of headache lasting between one and three days, hemicranial, intense, accompanied by sono and photophobia and nausea. As a preventive treatment, I would NOT consider one of these drugs: 
 Options:  <0> Propranolol <1> Flunarizine <2> Carbamazepine <3> Topiramate. <4> Nadolol
Output: medicine
Question: According to the Arrhenius equation (k = A e-Ea / RT): 
 Options:  <0> The speed of a reaction is directly proportional to the temperature. <1> A high activation energy implies that the speed constant depends markedly on the temperature. <2> The pre-exponential factor or frequency factor (A) is dimensionless. <3> The activation energy depends on the temperature. <4> The activation energy is always negative.
Output: pharmacology
Question: In the absence of oxygen, the mitochondrial citric acid cycle is inhibited because: 
 Options:  <0> Increases the concentration of ADP, an inhibitor of isocitrate dehydrogenase. <1> The phosphorylations at the substrate level can not be produced. <2> No pyruvate available. <3> ATP synthase is inhibited. <4> The necessary coenzymes can not be reoxidized.
Output: biology
Question: The arithmetic mean and not the median: 
 Options:  <0> It is a measurement of location. <1> All the values ​​of the sample are involved in its calculation. <2> It is dimensionless. <3> It is not influenced by extreme values. <4> None is correct.
Output: biology
Question: Tα CD4 + lymphocytes: 
 Options:  <0> They are functionally cooperative with B lymphocytes and other T lymphocytes. <1> They recognize native antigens in soluble form. <2> They recognize peptides in the MHC class I context. <3> They are less abundant than CD8 + in human blood. <4> They release perforins.
Output: biology
Question: Urinary incontinence affects a significant population of elderly people. When applying different behavioral therapies, we must take into consideration that urinary bladder training or bladder training: 
 Options:  <0> It can be applied if the patient is motivated and has no cognitive or physical impairment. <1> Improves the function of the bladder in people with functional incontinence. <2> It has been shown to be effective in people with cognitive deficits. <3> It is defined as the establishment of a predictable bladder emptying scheme. <4> It is defined as the improvement of the function of the bladder in any type of incontinence in people with or without cognitive impairment.
Output: nursery
Question: In HPLC and under ideal conditions, the chromatographic peaks should have the shape of Gaussian peaks with perfect symmetry, although in reality, the peaks are not perfectly symmetrical and can present fronts and tails. The asymmetry factor: 
 Options:  <0> It is used to measure the relative retention of the two components of a sample so that in perfectly symmetrical compounds it is 0. <1> It is used to measure the degree of symmetry of a peak and is defined at the peak width corresponding to 10% of the peak height. <2> It is a parameter that is calculated by measuring the width at the half-height of the chromatographic peak. <3> It relates to each other two successive chromatographic peaks, so that an asymmetry factor 1 indicates a total resolution of them. <4> It is a parameter related to the symmetry of the peaks, defined at a height equal to 10% of the width thereof.
Output: chemistry
Question: Which amino acid is a precursor of neurotransmissions such as dopamine, adrenaline and noradrenaline ?: 
 Options:  <0> Tryptophan <1> Serina <2> Tyrosine <3> Aspartic. <4> Glutamic
Output: chemistry
Question: The optical path partially decimates in: 
 Options:  <0> The optical band. <1> The geniculate body. <2> The optic chiasm <3> The retina. <4> The optical disc.
Output: biology
Question: Form B of DNA: 
 Options:  <0> It is formed by a double helix levorotatory with two antiparallel nucleotide chains. <1> It is wider and longer than form A. <2> It has pairs of nitrogenous bases perpendicular to the axis of the helix. <3> Corresponds to dehydrated DNA. <4> It is the minority form presented by DNA under physiological conditions.
Output: chemistry
Question: The least effective prevention measure in the appearance of an outbreak of salmonellosis is: 
 Options:  <0> Active immunization to the population at risk. <1> Rigorous and frequent hand washing, as well as utensils and surfaces that will be used for cooking. <2> Keep food in the refrigerator. <3> Cook food with sufficient temperature (at least 70ºC). <4> Quick refrigeration of cooked foods.
Output: nursery
Question: It is a stop codon for translation: 
 Options:  <0> AUG. <1> UAU <2> UGA <3> UAC. <4> UGU
Output: biology
Question: From which model of the psychological evaluation are the grid techniques and others appropriate to evaluate the meanings of the subject? 
 Options:  <0> Constructivist or constructionist model. <1> Behavioral Model <2> Clinical-dynamic model, Medical-psychiatric perspective. <3> Correlational model. <4> Clinical-dynamic model, Psychoanalytical perspective.
Output: psychology
Question: Question linked to image # 16 Which of the following will support the diagnosis of the underlying disease? 
 Options:  <0> Cutaneous biopsy. <1> Microangiography <2> Determination of cryoglobulins. <3> Serum tryptase. <4> JAK 2 mutation study.
Output: medicine
Question: The HDL: 
 Options:  <0> They are rich in triglycerides. <1> They lack minority apoproteins. <2> They transport cholesterol from the tissues to the liver. <3> They are activated by A-III. <4> They transport essential fatty acids.
Output: chemistry
Question: A 62-year-old man with type 2 diabetes mellitus of 10 years of evolution performs treatment with metformin and sitagliptin. Does little physical exercise and performs a proper diet. In the last 6 months he has lost weight and has more asthenia. Their glycemic controls have deteriorated, going from basal glycemia of 110-140 mg / dl to glycemias of 170-200 mg / dl, as well as their glycosylated hemoglobin, which has gone from 7.1 to 8.5%. The most appropriate therapeutic measure to perform is: 
 Options:  <0> Increase the intake of protein and long chain carbohydrates in the diet to improve asthenia and weight loss. <1> Associate a dose of basal insulin with the treatment. <2> Associate acarbose treatment. <3> Replace sitagliptin with pioglitazone. <4> Replace metformin with glimepiride.
Output: medicine
Question: The six-membered cyclic ether with an oxygen atom is called: 
 Options:  <0> Oxolane <1> Oxano <2> Dioxane <3> Oxirano. <4> Oxetano.
Output: chemistry
Question: According to the Frank-Starling mechanism of the heart, under physiological conditions the cardiac output is directly proportional to: 
 Options:  <0> The size of the ventricle. <1> The heart rate <2> The venous return. <3> The thickness of the myocardium. <4> All the previous answers are correct.
Output: nursery
Question: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) causes disorders of the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids. The main clinical manifestations of CAD are: 
 Options:  <0> Hypoglycaemia, dehydration with loss of electrolytes and acidosis. <1> Hyperglycemia, dehydration with loss of electrolytes and alkalosis. <2> Hypoglycaemia, increases in volemia and acidosis. <3> Hyperglycemia, dehydration with loss of electrolytes and acidosis. <4> Hyperglycemia, increases in blood volume and alkalosis.
Output: nursery
Question: Of the antiemetic drugs reviewed, in which of them their pharmacological activity is NOT related to dopaminergic receptors ?: 
 Options:  <0> Granisetron. <1> Cleboprida. <2> Droperidol <3> Tietilperazine. <4> Domperidone
Output: pharmacology
Question: Central Venous Pressure (PVC) monitoring is a procedure performed frequently by nurses in the Critical Care Unit. Indicate the correct option regarding the performance of this hemodynamic measurement: 
 Options:  <0> It is only possible to perform it using electronic pressure transducers, expressing the measurement in cmH2O. <1> It is only possible to carry it out by using electronic pressure transducers, expressing the measurement in mmHg. <2> It can only be done through the distal lumen of a pulmonary artery catheter. <3> It can be done by using electronic pressure transducers and pressure gauges with a water column. <4> It is a good reflection of the functioning of the left ventricle.
Output: nursery
Question: The dipicolinic acid is: 
 Options:  <0> One of the first antibiotics of the quinolones group. <1> A compound characteristic of bacterial endospores. <2> A reserve compound present in the metachromatic corpuscles. <3> An acid polysaccharide present in the wall of Gram positive. <4> One of the amino acids of Gram negative peptidoglycan.
Output: pharmacology
Question: In a liver transplant patient who is receiving immunosuppression with tacrolimus, which of the following antibiotics markedly increases the levels of the immunosuppressant and should therefore be avoided? 
 Options:  <0> Amoxicillin clavulanic. <1> Ciprofloxacin <2> Erythromycin. <3> Cefuroxime <4> Norfloxacin.
Output: medicine
Question: Delusions are characteristic symptoms of schizophrenia that: 
 Options:  <0> They include alterations in sensoperception. <1> They involve psychomotor hallucinations. <2> They represent a false belief based on a mistaken interpretation of reality by the patient. <3> They consist of an inability of the individual to adapt to social norms. <4> They are equated with illusions.
Output: nursery
Question: The voltammetric methods of anodic redissolution: 
 Options:  <0> They are based on the preconcentration of analytes on the surface of an electrode and are characterized by their low sensitivity, since the surface of the electrode is very small. <1> They apply exclusively to the determination of traces of metals by oxidation on a mercury electrode. <2> They require the application of a stage of accumulation and another of redisolution in which intensity-time curves are recorded. <3> They are used for the determination of metals that, once deposited, are oxidized electrochemically. <4> They are based on the variation of the potential that the working electrode experiences as the deposited substance is redissolved.
Output: chemistry
Question: Which of the following multivariate analysis techniques analyzes the covariation presented by a set of metric variables, susceptible of being synthesized in a set of common factors that lie behind them? 
 Options:  <0> Multiple discriminant analysis. <1> Multiple linear regression <2> Multivariate analysis of variance. <3> Factorial analysis. <4> Analysis of structural equations.
Output: psychology
Question: Indicate the wrong option in relation to the most frequent adverse reactions produced by the following drugs: 
 Options:  <0> Penicillins: permanent alteration of the coloring of the teeth. <1> Clindamycin: diarrhea. <2> Quinolones: headaches. <3> Aminoglycosides: ototoxicity. <4> Tetracyclines: photosensitivity.
Output: nursery
Question: The program of Deblinger and Heflin (1996) for the treatment of minors who have suffered sexual abuse is based on different modules, among which is: 
 Options:  <0> The training in coping skills. <1> Active avoidance of aversive situations. <2> Flood. <3> Avoidance of stereotyped behaviors. <4> Overcorrection
Output: psychology
Question: Isopropyl alcohol is prepared from petroleum by hydration of: 
 Options:  <0> Isobutene <1> Eteno <2> Penteno <3> Buteno. <4> Propene
Output: chemistry
Question: The genetic phenomenon that explains that the expression of a gene is influenced by the sex of the parent is: 
 Options:  <0> Character limited by sex. <1> Characteristic linked to sex. <2> Cytoplasmic inheritance. <3> Genomic imprint <4> Maternal genetic effect.
Output: biology
Question: We want to know if coffee consumption can be associated with neonatal malformation, so a control case study is designed. We interview a group of women who have had children with malformations and the same in a group of mothers without children with malformations. The interviews will be conducted by two interviewers trained through a previously validated questionnaire. In addition, interviewers ignore whether the interviewee is a case or a control. What kind of bias can we introduce? 
 Options:  <0> Information bias <1> Memory bias <2> Interviewer bias <3> Selection bias <4> Ecological fallacy
Output: medicine
Question: What factors / differential variables in childhood determine the evaluation of children? 
 Options:  <0> Diversity and heterogeneity of psychological problems. <1> Disparity of information provided by different sources consulted (parents, teachers, etc.). <2> Influence of sex and age in the appearance of children's problems. <3> Shortage of instruments and evaluation techniques sensitive to the characteristics of the child. <4> Evolutionary character of the child, infantile plasticity that makes the child sensitive to the influences of the environment and interpretation by adults of the problem to be evaluated.
Output: psychology
Question: Question linked to image nº15 A 67-year-old patient who reported a decrease in unilateral visual acuity and rapidly evolving metamorphopsia. The attached retinography presents the image of the affected eye. The most likely diagnosis would be: 
 Options:  <0> Macular degeneration associated with exudative age. <1> Retinal detachment. <2> Retinitis pigmentosa <3> Central vein thrombosis of the ischemic retina. <4> Equatorial choroidal melanoma.
Output: medicine
Question: In adolescence, it is common to think that others are extremely interested in themselves. What is the name of this egocentric bias ?: 
 Options:  <0> Propiocentrism <1> Personal story <2> Fable of invincibility. <3> Imaginary audience <4> Pseudoparanoia
Output: psychology
Question: Streptococcus pyogenes strains that produce erythrogenic toxin are responsible for: 
 Options:  <0> Erysipelas. <1> Rheumatic fever. <2> Impetigo. <3> Glomerulonephritis <4> Scarlet fever.
Output: pharmacology
Question: The ribosomal subunits are formed in the: 
 Options:  <0> Nucleoplasm. <1> Nucleolus <2> Nuclear sheet. <3> Nuclear pore. <4> Cytoplasm.
Output: biology
Question: What is the definition of a fast cycler ?: 
 Options:  <0> The presence of at least four episodes of mood (depressive, manic, or hypomanic) in a period of 12 months. <1> The presence of at least 6 episodes of mood in a period of 6 months. <2> The change from one mood episode to another in a period less than 48 hours. <3> The presence of more than two episodes of mania or hypomania detectable in a month. <4> Patients with Bipolar Disorder I or II with extreme hyperreactivity to minimal stressors.
Output: psychology
Question: A 5-year-old boy with symptoms of possible meningitis is seen in an emergency department. Gram-negative diplococci and abundant polymorphonuclear leukocytes are observed in the Gram stain of the cerebrospinal fluid sediment. What microorganism does it suggest as a possible cause of the infection ?: 
 Options:  <0> Haemophilus influenzae. <1> Streptococcus pneumoniae <2> Streptococcus agalactiae. <3> Neisseria meningitidis. <4> Listeria monocytogenes.
Output: pharmacology
Question: Motor cranial nerves: 
 Options:  <0> They have their somas in the dorsal ganglia of the cervical region. <1> They originate in the brainstem. <2> They receive the name of the medullary region through which they exit. <3> They belong only to the somatic nervous system. <4> They originate in the cerebral cortex.
Output: biology
Question: Prosopagnosia is defined as: 
 Options:  <0> Extreme form of agnosia characterized by the inability to recognize familiar faces. <1> Failure to recognize objects by touch. <2> Loss of ability to visualize images. <3> Form of anosognosia in which the patient denies his blindness. <4> Perceptive experience of an amputated limb.
Output: psychology
Question: Glycogenin: 
 Options:  <0> It catalyzes the conversion of starch into glycogen. <1> It is the enzyme responsible for the formation of branches in glycogen. <2> It is the gene that codes for glycogen synthase. <3> It is the primer on which new chains of glycogen start. <4> Regulates glycogen synthesis.
Output: chemistry
Question: The nitrogen: 
 Options:  <0> It is a highly reactive gas at room temperature. <1> Nitrogen molecules are constituted by two atoms linked together by a single bond. <2> It has a higher reactivity than other isoelectronic molecules such as CO, CNo or NO +. <3> At a sufficient temperature, it reacts with H2 to give NH3. <4> It barely forms binary compounds with the rest of the elements of the Periodic Table.
Output: chemistry
Question: Which of the following statements about the meta-analysis is correct? 
 Options:  <0> The objective of the meta-analysis is to quantitatively summarize the results of the studies carried out. <1> The meta-analysis is a large clinical trial. <2> It would be desirable to avoid negative clinical trials, as well as unpublished ones, to prevent selection biases. <3> By definition, all meta-analyzes are a reliable source of evidence, the quality of the trials being irrelevant or if they include the results of randomized clinical trials. <4> The meta-analysis will correct the errors of carrying out the tests.
Output: medicine
Question: A 70-year-old man should undergo cataract extraction surgery. He has a mitral mechanical prosthesis for 10 years and is being treated with acenocoumarol. The electrocardiogram shows a sinus rhythm. Which of the following recommendations do you find most appropriate? 
 Options:  <0> Perform eye surgery without stopping acenocoumarol. <1> Suspend acenocoumarol 5 days before surgery and restart it the day after it. <2> Suspend acenocoumarol 5 days before surgery, start low molecular weight heparin 3 days before surgery and suspend it 24 hours before surgery. <3> Suspend acenocoumarol 1 day before the intervention and use fresh frozen plasma during it. <4> Suspend acenocoumarol 1 day before the intervention and give vitamin K just before it.
Output: medicine
Question: Taking into account the WHO classification of methods and means of education for health, campaigns to prevent traffic accidents carried out on television are considered a method: 
 Options:  <0> Indirect and visual <1> Direct and visual <2> Indirect and audiovisual. <3> Mixed. <4> Mixed, sound, visual and audiovisual.
Output: nursery
Question: The excitotoxins activate: 
 Options:  <0> Nicotinic receptors <1> GABAA receptors <2> Glycine receptors. <3> NMDA receivers. <4> Na + channels dependent on voltage.
Output: pharmacology
Question: 50-year-old woman who for 1 month has a depressed mood, anhedonia, memory loss, easy crying, loss of energy, sense of worthlessness and guilt, marked weight loss and early awakening, as well as inability to perform their tasks usual at home. In separation proceedings for 3 months. Point out the most appropriate diagnosis: 
 Options:  <0> Dysthymia <1> Pseudodementia <2> Depressive adaptive disorder. <3> Episode of major depression. <4> Minor depression
Output: medicine
Question: At what stage of problem-solving therapy are the principles of quantity, deferment of judgment and variety used? 
 Options:  <0> Decision making. <1> Orientation towards the problem. <2> Definition and formulation of the problem. <3> Generation of alternative solutions. <4> Implementation and verification of the solution.
Output: psychology
Question: What theory would explain our need to reduce or eliminate the psychological distress produced when we have to choose between two equally attractive alternatives? 
 Options:  <0> Ingenuous Theory of Action. <1> Theory of Cognitive Dissonance. <2> Theory of Social Comparison <3> Theory of the Psychological Reactance. <4> Theory of the Cognitive Response.
Output: psychology
Question: An important test to distinguish Staphylococcus aureus from saprophytic staphylococci, such as Staphylococcus epidermidis is: 
 Options:  <0> Oxidase <1> Catalase <2> Indole. <3> Urea <4> Coagulase
Output: biology
Question: What effect would chromatin have on neutralizing the positive charge of histones ?: 
 Options:  <0> The DNA would change charge. <1> Histones would bind more closely to DNA. <2> The DNA would be supercoiled. <3> The histones would separate from the DNA. <4> The histones would be grouped together.
Output: biology
Question: Which of the following reactions of drug metabolism has an oxidation reaction as an intermediate step ?: 
 Options:  <0> The transformation of a nitro group (for example, the one existing in nitrofurantoin) into amino. <1> The O-demethylation of an ether (for example, the transformation of codeine into morphine). <2> The breaking down of a diazo group to originate an amine (for example, the transformation of Prontosilrubrum into sulfanilamide. <3> The transformation of oxazepam in its glucuronide. <4> The transformation of acetylcholine into choline.
Output: pharmacology
Question: Stereotyping is called: 
 Options:  <0> Strange buccolingual gestures. <1> Repeated and unnecessary repetition of an act. <2> Very bulky movements that increase the expressiveness of the gestures. <3> Very intense psychotic agitations. <4> Apparent gestures accompanied by profanity.
Output: medicine
Question: What technique, based on the theory of social learning, is considered well established for the treatment of childhood fears? 
 Options:  <0> The practice reinforced. <1> The self-instructions of courage. <2> The modeling <3> Modeling with participation. <4> The live exhibition.
Output: psychology
Question: Inhibin: 
 Options:  <0> Inhibits the secretion of FSH. <1> Blocks the secretion of estrogen. <2> Stimulates the secretion of GnRH. <3> The adenohypophysis produces it. <4> Stimulates the secretion of LH.
Output: biology
Question: Which of the following bacterial species is not an Enterobacteriaceae? 
 Options:  <0> Escherichia coli <1> Proteus vulgaris. <2> Klebsiella pneumoniae. <3> Pseudomonas aeruginosa. <4> Salmonella enteritidis.
Output: medicine
Question: In relation to the structure of proteins: 
 Options:  <0> All globular proteins have the same domains. <1> The tertiary structure is present only in oligomeric proteins. <2> Hemoglobin is the only protein that has a quaternary structure. <3> The protein domains are regions of compact folding that exert a certain function. <4> The tertiary and quaternary structures are maintained only by the peptide bonds.
Output: biology
Question: Which of the following reliability calculation methods can not be carried out with a single application of the test? 
 Options:  <0> Alpha coefficient of Cronbach. <1> Guttman-Flanagan. <2> Rulon <3> Method of parallel forms. <4> Method of the two halves.
Output: psychology
Question: For Kurt Lewin the set of elements that influence the behavior of an individual at a given time make up: 
 Options:  <0> The living space <1> The place of control of the reinforcement. <2> Cognitive maps <3> Cognitive dissonance <4> The process of organic valuation.
Output: psychology
Question: The quality of a spectrum can be defined: 
 Options:  <0> Based on the relationship between the intensities of the bands containing information (S) and noise (R). <1> Based on the selected wavelength. <2> Only in function of the analytical signal. <3> Depending on the relationship between wavelength and noise. <4> Based on very low frequency noise.
Output: pharmacology
Question: Which procedure is NOT part of the cognitive-behavioral intervention program for body dysmorphic disorder of Rosen et al ?: 
 Options:  <0> Psychoeducation <1> Exposition. <2> Training in problem solving. <3> Cognitive restructuring. <4> Response prevention.
Output: psychology
Question: Indicate which of the following options make possible the criterial evaluation tests (or with reference to criteria): 
 Options:  <0> Assess the performance with respect to a normative group. <1> Determine relative performance among other people. <2> Obtaining a normative score. <3> Evaluate the performance with respect to a content area or domain. <4> Assess a skill considering the performance of your reference group.
Output: psychology