niryuu/sni-each-converted huggingface dataset:
Question: An 80-year-old man is admitted with a sudden picture of aphasia and right hemiparesis. As background highlights, hypertension, well controlled diet and cognitive impairment in the last year under study by his neurologist. Emergency cranial CT demonstrates a left frontal lobar hematoma without contrast enhancement. What is the most likely cause of the hematoma? 
 Options:  <0> Arteriovenous malformation masked by the acute hematoma. <1> Chronic arterial hypertension. <2> Vasculitis isolated from the nervous system. <3> Brain tumor. <4> Amyloid cerebral angiopathy (congophilic angiopathy).
Output: medicine
Question: Patients with liver cirrhosis may have ascites due to: 
 Options:  <0> Alteration of the coagulation factors. <1> Portal hypertension and serum hypoalbuminemia. <2> Decrease in hydrostatic pressure. <3> Irritation of the peritoneal membrane by bile salts. <4> Post-surgical and abdominal trauma.
Output: nursery
Question: Among the many molecules of high energy phosphate compounds that are formed as a consequence of the functioning of the citric acid cycle, a molecule is synthesized at the substrate level. In which of the following reactions does it produce you? 
 Options:  <0> Citrate → α-ketoglutarate. <1> Succinyl-CoA → succinate. <2> Succinate → fumarate. <3> Fumarate → malate. <4> Malate → oxaloacetate.
Output: chemistry
Question: Which of the following gases is the most abundant in the alveolar air? 
 Options:  <0> Oxygen. <1> Carbon dioxide <2> Water vapor. <3> Carbon monoxide. <4> Nitrogen.
Output: pharmacology
Question: In patients with digitalized congestive heart failure, when administering a diuretic, it must necessarily be: 
 Options:  <0> A loop diuretic or high ceiling. <1> A thiazide. <2> An osmotic diuretic. <3> A potassium-sparing diuretic. <4> A diuretic carbonic anhydrase inhibitor.
Output: pharmacology
Question: A teenager with obsessive-compulsive disorder phones the Toxicological Information Service to ask if he can safely use an insecticide for cockroaches. What is the name of this escape behavior? 
 Options:  <0> Ascertainment. <1> Rationalization. <2> Reinsurance. <3> Ritualization <4> Testing.
Output: psychology
Question: Unlike receptors of adaptive immunity, those of innate immunity are characterized by: 
 Options:  <0> Have a clonal distribution. <1> Its greatest diversity <2> Be identical in cells of the same lineage. <3> Recognize and react against own molecules. <4> Being only on the cell surface.
Output: biology
Question: The difficulty in finding words that designate objects or people (nouns and names) is called: 
 Options:  <0> Anomia <1> Glosomania. <2> Aprosodia <3> Bradifemia. <4> Paraphemia
Output: psychology
Question: The conception of the person from a holistic perspective has achieved all its meaning from the works belonging to the School: 
 Options:  <0> Of the caring. <1> Of health promotion. <2> Of the desired effects. <3> Integrality <4> Of the unitary human being.
Output: nursery
Question: A child must be taught to be more autonomous and learn to eat without help. If he first learns to hold a spoon, then to grab some puree and is finally able to take it to his mouth, and the parents congratulate him, it means that they have used positive reinforcement and the technique of successive approximations. This technique is also called: 
 Options:  <0> Learning by observation. <1> Molding <2> Vicarial learning. <3> Reward. <4> Training with emission.
Output: nursery
Question: Statins are used to reduce cholesterol levels and act as analogs of the transition state of an enzyme involved in its biosynthesis. What enzyme is it? 
 Options:  <0> 14-Alpha-demethylase. <1> Hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMGCoA) reductase. <2> Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2). <3> Squalene epoxidase. <4> Aromatase
Output: pharmacology
Question: What quality criteria must a psychological assessment instrument meet? 
 Options:  <0> Validity, or degree to which the scores of a test are free of measurement error. <1> Reliability, or degree to which the scores of a test are free of measurement error. <2> Have a coefficient of internal consistency above 0.40. <3> To have a low proportion of the variance observed explained by the real variance. <4> Include a high error variance.
Output: psychology
Question: They are signs and symptoms of severe anxiety: 
 Options:  <0> Tachycardia and nausea. <1> Decreased attention and tremors. <2> Vomiting and psychomotor agitation. <3> Insomnia and malaise <4> Distorted perception and inability to communicate.
Output: nursery
Question: A very important industrial method for the formation of carbon-nitrogen bonds is the transposition of Beckman, a reaction that transforms: 
 Options:  <0> A ketone in a pyridine. <1> An oxime in an amine. <2> An aldehyde in an amide. <3> A ketone in an amide. <4> An oxime in an amide.
Output: chemistry
Question: The INR (international normalized ratio) of a patient with chronic atrial fibrillation treated with Acenocoumarol is 4. This result indicates that: 
 Options:  <0> The appearance of ventricular arrhythmias should be controlled. <1> The patient is correctly anticoagulated. <2> Anticoagulation with heparin is more indicated. <3> There is a risk of thrombus formation. <4> Signs of bleeding should be assessed.
Output: nursery
Question: Alcohol is included in the group of sedative or depressant drugs because it acts as: 
 Options:  <0> Cholinergic receptor agonist: nicotinic and muscarinic. <1> Antagonist of serotonergic (5 HT) and cholinergic receptors. <2> Noradrenergic receptor agonist and serotonin antagonist. <3> Antagonist of NMDA receptors and agonist of AMPA receptors. <4> GABA-a receptor agonist and NMDA receptor antagonist.
Output: psychology
Question: For which disorder of childhood is considered that the combination therapy (more psychological pharmacological treatment) is the most effective alternative ?: 
 Options:  <0> Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. <1> Subclinical depression <2> Enuresis <3> The encopresis. <4> Separation anxiety disorder.
Output: psychology
Question: Among the exogenous factors that favor the appearance of gout are the drugs. Of the following indicated, which one do you consider that it does NOT favor hyperuricemia? 
 Options:  <0> Acetylsalicylic acid at doses lower than 1g daily. <1> Hydrochlorothiazide <2> Cyclosporin A. <3> Ethambutol <4> Estrogens
Output: medicine
Question: What are, among others, the main biases associated with the observer in the framework of observation techniques ?: 
 Options:  <0> The duration of the experiment. <1> The excess of information. <2> The technical accuracy <3> The illusion of learning. <4> The expectation and mechanical errors of registration.
Output: psychology
Question: Point out which of the following statements, regarding night terrors in childhood, is correct: 
 Options:  <0> Usually the episode occurs in the last third of the night's sleep. <1> Usually, the child remembers the episode. <2> The symptoms show the existence of a somatic disorder. <3> There is a relative lack of response to other people's attempts to awaken it. <4> The subject has a quick access to the orientation and alert.
Output: psychology
Question: P. L. complains of gastroesophageal reflux and although he takes the prescribed drugs he acknowledges that he did not carry out the diet because he thought it was not important. Now he asks for dietary recommendations. Which one is indicated ?: 
 Options:  <0> Take very cold foods. <1> Take very hot foods. <2> Drink liquids at lunch and dinner. <3> Take low fat diet. <4> Drink citrus juices.
Output: nursery
Question: The functional organizational structure formed by health and non-health professionals, who is responsible for health care in a comprehensive, shared and continuous manner in the basic health area, is called: 
 Options:  <0> Autonomic Health Service. <1> National system of health. <2> Clinic. <3> Primary Care Team. <4> Portfolio of Services.
Output: nursery
Question: What do you usually associate with the cataplexy characteristic of narcolepsy? 
 Options:  <0> With sleep paralysis. <1> With intense emotions. <2> With hypnagogic and hypnopompic hallucinations. <3> With daytime sleepiness. <4> With irregular schedules.
Output: psychology
Question: The focus therapy for auditory hallucinations of Betall, Haddock and Slade (1994) uses different therapeutic strategies. Which of the following options is NOT considered in the targeting therapy model ?: 
 Options:  <0> The patient is asked to fix and describe the physical characteristics of their voices (for example, tone, intensity, location). <1> The patient is asked to observe the relationship between the content of hallucinations and current concerns. <2> The patient is asked to observe the relationship between the content of the hallucinations and their life experiences. <3> The patient is asked to neutralize the content of their voices by focusing on their physiological proprioceptive sensations. <4> You are asked to observe your reactions to the voices and, in particular, to your beliefs about them.
Output: psychology
Question: The antiulcer drug called omeprazole has in its structure: 
 Options:  <0> A benzimidazole heterocycle. <1> A thiol group. <2> A pyrazole heterocycle. <3> A dimethylamino group. <4> A thiozolic heterocycle.
Output: pharmacology
Question: It is an oncogen: 
 Options:  <0> NF1 <1> P53 <2> RB <3> cMYC. <4> WT1.
Output: biology
Question: How many stereoisomers of 3-methylcyclohexane-1,2-diol can exist? 
 Options:  <0> Four. <1> 5. <2> 6 <3> 7 <4> 8
Output: chemistry
Question: Indicate the correct answer regarding the forces that influence the filtration through the capillaries of the renal glomeruli (Glomerular Filtration) that takes place in the renal corpuscle: 
 Options:  <0> The hydrostatic pressure of the blood circulating in the glomerular capillaries favors filtration to the Bowman's capsule. <1> The colloid osmotic pressure due to the plasma proteins within the glomerular capillaries favors filtration towards the Bowman capsule. <2> The hydrostatic pressure of the liquid inside the Bowman's capsule favors filtration into Bowman's capsule. <3> The net gradient of the sum of these three pressures is 100 mm Hg in favor of filtration. <4> All the above are correct.
Output: nursery
Question: What is the last phase in the basic procedure of self-instruction training of Meichenbaum? 
 Options:  <0> Masked self-instructions (in a low voice). <1> Cognitive modeling <2> Covert self-instructions. <3> Self-instructions aloud <4> Participant cognitive modeling.
Output: psychology
Question: It is more characteristic of Th1 than Th2 lymphocytes: 
 Options:  <0> Interleukin 5 <1> The TGF-beta. <2> Interleukin 10 <3> Interleukin 17 <4> The IFN-γ.
Output: biology
Question: The complement is produced mostly in: 
 Options:  <0> Lymphocytes <1> Lymph nodes <2> Thymus <3> Spleen. <4> Liver.
Output: biology
Question: In what disorder is there excessive concern for any mild or nonexistent physical anomaly ?: 
 Options:  <0> Somatization disorder <1> Anorexia nervosa. <2> Anxiety disorder <3> The conversion disorder. <4> Body dysmorphic disorder.
Output: psychology
Question: Indicate which of the following statements is true about bilirubin: 
 Options:  <0> It is a catabolic product of the heme group. <1> It is a product of the urea cycle. <2> It is an intermediary of the Krebs cycle. <3> It is a precursor of hepatic gluconeogenesis. <4> It is a product of cholesterol degradation.
Output: chemistry
Question: The chemistry of diazonium salts provides the main synthetic method for preparing aryl fluorides by a process called: 
 Options:  <0> Reorganization of Claisen. <1> Gabriel's reaction. <2> Diazotization reaction. <3> Sandmeyer reaction. <4> Schiemann reaction.
Output: chemistry
Question: At what stage is the person when they begin to balance the positive and negative consequences of drug use and, as a result, begin to consider stopping consumption, but basically maintain their ambivalence in this decisional balance? 
 Options:  <0> Stadium of action. <1> Contemplation stadium. <2> Relapse stadium. <3> Pre-contemplation stadium. <4> Post-relapse stadium.
Output: psychology
Question: Among the predictors of a poor prognosis in schizophrenia are: 
 Options:  <0> Positive symptoms and late emergence. <1> Do not have precipitating factors and have a good premorbid fit. <2> Early emergence and identifiable precipitating factors. <3> Being married and with a poor support system. <4> A bad premorbid adjustment and negative symptoms.
Output: psychology
Question: The BRCA-1 gene mutation is associated with a high risk of: 
 Options:  <0> Acute myocardial infarction. <1> Breast cancer <2> Alzheimer disease. <3> Parkinson's disease <4> Tay-Sach disease.
Output: pharmacology
Question: Which of the following statements is correct regarding the epidemiology of mood disorders ?: 
 Options:  <0> Bipolar disorders account for 25-30% of all mood disorders. <1> The average duration of a depressive episode is usually about 2-3 months. <2> The percentage of relapses of depression throughout life is estimated at 75%. <3> The risk of suicide in depressive disorder is greater than bipolar disorder. <4> 50% or more of the history of bipolar disorder is found in the families of patients with depression.
Output: psychology
Question: Which of the following statements about Parkinson's disease is true? 
 Options:  <0> The disease begins with obvious manifestations that guide the doctor to formulate the definitive diagnosis. <1> The disease is a neurological disorder characterized by tremor, rigidity and bradykinesia. <2> In the beginning, patients walk more and more slowly. <3> Flaccidity, associated with motor dysfunction, is bilateral. <4> In advanced stages, the patient presents lordosis.
Output: nursery
Question: The determination of cyanide by the Liebig method is based on the addition of a silver nitrate standard solution: 
 Options:  <0> Until complete precipitation of silver cyanide. <1> Until the precipitation of silver cyanide begins. <2> Until the appearance of a red precipitate of silver chromate. <3> Until the AgCN complex is quantitatively formed. <4> Until the precipitation of silver iodide, yellow.
Output: chemistry
Question: In the study of proteins. What is the purpose of treatment with β-mercaptoethanol ?: 
 Options:  <0> Hydrolyze the protein. <1> Break the disulfide bridges. <2> Add positive charges. <3> Add negative charges. <4> General an amino acid derivative in Edman degradation.
Output: chemistry
Question: The hypertension developed in hyperaldosteronism is produced by: 
 Options:  <0> Increase in blood calcium. <1> Desensitization of the vascular wall to the vasoconstrictors. <2> Greater release of adrenaline and noradrenaline. <3> Increase in the reabsorption of Na + and H2O. <4> Decrease in blood volume.
Output: pharmacology
Question: What works best to improve compliance with medical treatments through psychological intervention? 
 Options:  <0> Leave the patient complete freedom to organize his treatment once we explain what is the cause of his illness and its treatment. <1> That he knows how to do a thorough functional analysis of his behavior and to do it with all his problem behaviors, especially those related to his behavior of pain and discomfort. <2> Negotiate the changes, provided that the therapeutic allows it, that the patient perform the least amount of behavior in the minimum possible times and sequentially setting goals or tasks. <3> Train him in the processes of denial, negotiation, coping, memory and despair. <4> Control stressful life events that relate to your life, especially at the family level, and your illness.
Output: psychology
Question: The determination of fecal occult blood is useful when there is a suspicion of: 
 Options:  <0> Anemia due to iron deficiency. <1> Biliary cholestasis. <2> Helicobacter pylori infection. <3> Colon carcinoma <4> Celiac Disease.
Output: pharmacology
Question: A dyslipidemia with phenotype IIa of Fredrickson may have its origin in mutations in the gene of: 
 Options:  <0> The LDL receptor. <1> Lipoprotein lipase (LPL). <2> The Apo CII. <3> The Apo A-II. <4> The Apo B-48.
Output: pharmacology
Question: Which of the following anti-infectives can produce increased CPK associated with muscle pain and rhabdomyolysis? 
 Options:  <0> Amikacin <1> Daptomycin <2> Vancomycin <3> Linezolid. <4> Aztreonam
Output: pharmacology
Question: The reaction of an alkene with metachloroperbenzoic acid causes a cyclic ether which is called: 
 Options:  <0> Furano <1> Dioxane <2> Epoxide <3> Azirano <4> Lactone
Output: chemistry
Question: The hormonal stimulation of the formation of the second messenger inositol 1,4,5-trisfosfato (IP3) quickly leads to the release of what other intracellular messenger: 
 Options:  <0> Cyclic AMP. <1> Prostaglandin <2> Calcium. <3> Leukotriene <4> Thromboxane
Output: chemistry
Question: Which statement is true in relation to the Electron Repulsion Model of the Valencia layer applied to AB n molecules: 
 Options:  <0> The AB2 molecules are always linear. <1> The AB6 molecules are always octahedral. <2> The AB3 molecules are always triangular. <3> The AB4 molecules are always tetrahedral. <4> The AB5 molecules are always trigonal bipyramidal.
Output: pharmacology
Question: The pyramidal neurons are in: 
 Options:  <0> Cerebellum. <1> Brain. <2> Spinal cord. <3> Spinal ganglia. <4> Hypophysis.
Output: biology
Question: When the electromagnetic radiation passes from the air to a medium like glass its wavelength: 
 Options:  <0> It remains unchanged. <1> Increase approximately 10 nm. <2> Increase approximately 100 nm. <3> It decreases approximately 1 nm. <4> It decreases approximately 200 nm.
Output: chemistry
Question: Question linked to image # 8 In relation to the previous case, how would you approach the initial treatment of this patient? 
 Options:  <0> The treatment is the use of allopurinol at a minimum dose of 800 mg daily, so the dose used by the patient should be increased early. <1> During the acute phase, the treatment is NSAIDs, which can be associated with colchicine. <2> Given the severity of the lesions, intravenous colchicine should be used. <3> If synovial fluid has a cell count above 3000 cells / μl, treatment with parenteral antibiotics should be initiated with coverage against Staphylococcus Aureus and Streptococcus spp. And maintained at least 6 weeks. <4> In this disease, systemic or intraarticular steroids have not proven their efficacy.
Output: medicine
Question: A plasmid contains necessarily: 
 Options:  <0> Genes of resistance to antibiotics. <1> Origin of replication. <2> Integrons <3> Genes of transfer by conjugation. <4> Transposons.
Output: biology
Question: Which of the following in an oncogene whose transcription product is a membrane receptor with tyrosine kinase activity of a growth factor? 
 Options:  <0> HER2 / neu. <1> p53. <2> myc <3> APC. <4> Ras.
Output: medicine
Question: How many palindromic sequences exist on the human Y chromosome that allow Y-Y recombination ?: 
 Options:  <0> 8 <1> 6 <2> Four. <3> 10 <4> 12
Output: biology
Question: Indicate which drug, of which they are related, produces mydriasis and cycloplegia: 
 Options:  <0> Bethanechol <1> Timolol <2> Tropicamide <3> Edrophonium. <4> Pralidoxime
Output: pharmacology
Question: In the electrophoresis of hemoglobin in cellulose acetate: 
 Options:  <0> Neutral Red or Evans Blue are used as dyes. <1> Three differentiated fractions are obtained: Hb A, Hb A2 and carbonic anhydrase. <2> The majority fraction is HbA2. <3> The hemolysate is obtained using CINH4. <4> Acetone-Ethanol (1: 1) is used as decolorizer.
Output: biology
Question: Spatial discrimination of tactile stimuli: 
 Options:  <0> It increases with the size of the receiving fields. <1> It increases if the convergence of the afferent pathways is large. <2> Increase if there is lateral inhibition <3> It is independent of the density of innervation. <4> It depends only on the type of activated receiver.
Output: biology
Question: A 24-year-old boy who, after 3 days of high-risk sexual contact, has numerous pustular, small, very pruritic lesions that progress to minute erosions affecting the entire glans and inner face of the prepuce. Indicate which is, among the following, the most probable diagnostic orientation: 
 Options:  <0> Genital candidiasis <1> Chancroid. <2> Secondary syphilis <3> Balanitis by Trichomonas. <4> Fungal infection by dermatophytes.
Output: medicine
Question: The anterior pituitary gland: 
 Options:  <0> It is part of the hypothalamus. <1> It is regulated hormonally. <2> It communicates with the neurohypophysis. <3> It releases ADH and oxytocin. <4> It is formed by neurons.
Output: biology
Question: Indicate the correct answer: 
 Options:  <0> The enteric nervous system consists of the submucosal plexus and the myenteric plexus. <1> The myenteric plexus has sensory and motor neurons. <2> The myenteric plexus regulates the movements of the mucosa and the secretion of glands and the submucosal plexus regulates gastric motility. <3> 1 and 2 are correct. <4> All are correct.
Output: nursery
Question: In a 60-year-old man with moderate renal insufficiency, treatment is started, without administration of loading dose, with a digitalis medication. Under these conditions, the half-life or plasma half-life of digitalis is estimated at 72 hours. Indicate how much treatment time in days should elapse from the start of treatment to reach the steady state concentration or equilibrium concentration. 
 Options:  <0> In 3 days. <1> Between 3 and 9 days. <2> Between 12 and 15 days. <3> More than 30 days <4> More than 60 days
Output: medicine
Question: Question linked to image nº3 A 64-year-old woman with no history of interest, with progressive dyspnea of ​​several weeks of evolution, whose frontal chest radiograph suggests a practically definitive radiological diagnosis. What would this be? 
 Options:  <0> Pulmonary thromboembolism with infarcts. <1> Pneumonia due to Pneumocystis jiroveci. <2> Alveolar proteinosis. <3> Pulmonary edema. <4> Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia.
Output: medicine
Question: In comparison with the primary humoral responses, the secondary ones: 
 Options:  <0> They are based primarily on IgM. <1> They are faster and more durable. <2> They generate antibodies of low affinity for the antigen. <3> They present a low level of hypermutation. <4> They generate much lower amount of antibodies.
Output: biology
Question: The development of B cells in the bone marrow: 
 Options:  <0> It is dependent on the antigen. <1> It begins with gene rearrangements in the kappa light chain. <2> It is dependent on stromal cells. <3> It begins with gene rearrangements in the delta heavy chain. <4> It is dependent on T lymphocytes.
Output: biology
Question: A 25-year-old man with no personal or family history of interest, who enters Neurosurgery due to a cranial fracture due to a motorcycle accident. Three days later it begins abruptly with polyuria, polydipsia and intense thirst both during the day and at night. In the study conducted, a urinary volume of 7 liters with urinary osmolarity of 190 mOsm / L (90-1200) and plasma osmolarity of 292 mOsm / L (275-295) was observed. The plasma Na is 143 mmol / L. A water restriction test is performed and after checking that there is no increase in urinary osmolarity, a dose of 2 micrograms of desmopressin subcutaneously is administered. The posterior urinary osmolality is 410 mOsm / kg. What is the most likely diagnosis? 
 Options:  <0> Primary polydipsia. <1> Central diabetes insipidus. <2> Acute adrenal insufficiency. <3> SIADH. <4> Nephrogenic insipid diabetes.
Output: medicine
Question: Point out the correct answer regarding the treatment of schizotypal personality disorder: 
 Options:  <0> The treatment program with the most empirical support for this disorder is therapy based on mentalization. <1> Therapeutic strategies that are used for schizophrenia may be useful, given the remarkable relationship between two clinical entities. <2> The focus of treatment is the impulsivity characteristic of this disorder. <3> The program that has received the most empirical support for this disorder is behavioral dialectical therapy. <4> For the treatment of this disorder therapeutic strategies that apply to obsessive-compulsive disorder are used.
Output: psychology
Question: With respect to the peptide bond, indicate which of the following statements is FALSE: 
 Options:  <0> It has partial character of double bond. <1> Form a small dipole. <2> Its formation involves the elimination of a molecule of water. <3> The peptide chain rotates freely through the peptide bond. <4> In an amide link.
Output: chemistry
Question: The set of all the RNA molecules of a cell transcribed from a genome are called: 
 Options:  <0> Proteome <1> Metagenome <2> Transcriptome. <3> Mebaoloma <4> Methyloma
Output: biology
Question: The reaction in which a vinyl halide or aryl reacts with a terminal alkyne in the presence of cuprous iodide and a Pd (0) catalyst is known as the reaction of: 
 Options:  <0> Suzuki <1> Heck <2> Stille <3> Sonogashira. <4> Sharpless.
Output: chemistry
Question: In relation to clopidogrel, it is false that: 
 Options:  <0> It is structurally related to thienopyridines. <1> It inhibits adenyl cyclase, and therefore increases cAMP levels. <2> It has a low index of myelotoxicity in relation to ticlopidine. <3> It has a longer action in relation to ticlopidine. <4> In case of surgical intervention, it is recommended to interrupt the treatment at least one week in advance.
Output: pharmacology
Question: A 54-year-old man diagnosed with diabetes mellitus type 2 came to our clinic. He reported fever of 40ºC with chills and shivering, arthromyalgia and headache, which is why he started treatment with paracetamol. The painting began 24 hours before his return to Spain. After 3 days, he presented with a generalized maculo-papular rash that progressed to the formation of more intense petechiae in the lower limbs. It provides analytics where leukopenia stands out with 3,200 / mm3 and platelets 91,000 / mm3 and mild elevation of aminotransferases. Thickness, peripheral blood smear, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and malaria antigen are negative. What is the most likely suspected diagnosis? 
 Options:  <0> Coronavirus infection. <1> Lymphocyte choriomeningitis. <2> Dengue. <3> Chikungunya virus infection. <4> Encephalitis of Saint Louis.
Output: medicine
Question: It is a stop codon for translation: 
 Options:  <0> AUG. <1> UAU <2> UUU <3> UAC. <4> UAA
Output: biology
Question: Point out the correct statement: 
 Options:  <0> At low pO2, myoglobin is more saturated with O2 than hemoglobin. <1> CO2 increases the affinity of hemoglobin for O2. <2> 2,3 Bisphosphoglycerate is strongly bound in oxygenated hemoglobin. <3> The tissues that produce lactate release more O 2. <4> At high pO2, hemoglobin has 2 subunits.
Output: chemistry
Question: The activation energy of a reaction: 
 Options:  <0> It is not modified by the action of enzymes. <1> It is the energy necessary to reach the state of transition. <2> It is lower than the energy of the substrates. <3> It is lower than the energy of the products. <4> It is an average of the value of ΔG of the reaction.
Output: biology
Question: In the homogeneous nucleation: 
 Options:  <0> If the solid particles formed under solidification have a radius less than the critical radius, the energy of the system will be lower if its size increases. <1> If the solid particles formed under solidification have a radius smaller than the critical radius, the energy of the system will be lower if it is redissolved. <2> If the solid particles formed under solidification have a radius greater than the critical radius, the energy of the system will be lower if it is redissolved. <3> If the solid particles formed under solidification have a radius equal to the critical, the energy of the system will be lower if it is redissolved. <4> There is no relationship between the critical radius and the tendency to grow in size or redissolve.
Output: chemistry
Question: In certain cases it is necessary to carry out previous treatments with oxidizing or reducing agents in redox evaluations in order to: 
 Options:  <0> Transform the analyte to an adequate oxidation state for subsequent evaluation. <1> Ensure that all the analyte is in solution. <2> Prepare the indicator solution so that it correctly rotates at the end point. <3> Make the reaction between titrator and analyte complete. <4> Improve the accuracy of the assessment.
Output: pharmacology
Question: For the analysis of traces of inorganic constituents, in samples of organic nature, a preliminary treatment of the sample is needed, which normally consists of: 
 Options:  <0> Dissolve the sample in cold water. <1> Dissolve the sample in hot water. <2> Dissolve the sample between 30 and 70 ºC. <3> Heat the sample between 400 and 700 ºC. <4> Heat the sample in 0.1 M hydrochloric acid.
Output: chemistry
Question: Ventricular filling is greater during: 
 Options:  <0> Isovolumetric ventricular relaxation. <1> First third of the ventricular diastole. <2> Atrial systole <3> Intermediate phase of ventricular diastole. <4> It is uniform.
Output: biology
Question: How much drug has been eliminated when 3 elimination half-lives have elapsed if 100 mg of drug has been administered IV via bolus and is adjusted to a monocompartmental model with first-order elimination: 
 Options:  <0> 87.5 mg. <1> 12.5 mg. <2> 75 mg. <3> 25 mg. <4> 50 mg.
Output: pharmacology
Question: One of the signs that can appear in the postoperative period is tympanism, which means: 
 Options:  <0> Paralysis of intestinal peristalsis. <1> Tympanic perforation due to increased pressure. <2> Evisceration <3> Retention of gases in the intestine. <4> Severe abdominal pain.
Output: nursery
Question: If the thyroid hormones are increased and both TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) and the uptake of radioactive iodine by the thyroid gland are decreased, it is a process of: 
 Options:  <0> Thyrotoxicosis not hyperthyroid. <1> Primary hyperthyroidism. <2> Hypophyseal hyperthyroidism. <3> Graves-Basedow disease. <4> Increase in gonadotropins.
Output: pharmacology
Question: The following entities may be accompanied by ocular inflammation (uveitis) except one. Indicate which: 
 Options:  <0> Sarcoidosis <1> Juvenile idiopathic arthritis. <2> Behçet's disease. <3> Marfan's disease <4> Multiple sclerosis.
Output: medicine
Question: The Code of Ethics of Spanish Nursing: 
 Options:  <0> It constitutes the minimum standards of action for Nursing. <1> It is a deontological Ethics of maximums for Nursing. <2> It is a bridge between patrimonial and collegial responsibility. <3> It is a set of guidelines for professional practice. <4> It addresses the guidelines for proper assistance to the sick.
Output: nursery
Question: The diagnosis of sarcoidosis is based on: 
 Options:  <0> Clinical-radiological compatible picture and presence of non-caseating granulomas in one or more organs, with negative cultures of mycobacteria and fungi. <1> Elevation of the serum level of the angiotensin conversion enzyme in a patient with a compatible clinical-radiological picture. <2> Characteristic radiological findings in high-resolution computed tomography of the chest in a patient with clinical suspicion. <3> Presence of lymphocytic alveolitis with predominance of CD4 + lymphocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage in a patient with a compatible clinical-radiological picture. <4> Finding of granulomatous cellularity in a fine needle aspiration puncture (FNAP) of an affected organ in a patient with a compatible clinical-radiological picture.
Output: medicine
Question: Regarding the use of virtual reality on display, what is the correct answer? 
 Options:  <0> It totally replaces the real exposure. <1> Any real stimulus can be programmed with accuracy virtually. <2> Virtual reality allows the therapist to build a clinically meaningful environment. <3> Studies indicate better results than imaginative techniques. <4> Patients usually do not present difficulties in the virtual context.
Output: psychology
Question: In the human genome, the coding sequences are called: 
 Options:  <0> Exons <1> Promoters <2> Intensifiers <3> Introns <4> Adapters
Output: biology
Question: Animals can NOT synthesize glucose from: 
 Options:  <0> Glycerol. <1> To the girl. <2> Palmitate <3> Oxalacetate. <4> Lactate
Output: biology
Question: Regarding benign prostatic hypertrophy, it is NOT true that: 
 Options:  <0> Abdominal ultrasound is a non-invasive method to assess prostate size and post-voiding residual. <1> It can cause increases in PSA levels. <2> Rectal examination is a method to estimate prostate size. <3> Treatment with 5-alpha reductase inhibitors decreases symptoms. <4> It is a precancerous lesion.
Output: medicine
Question: What serum immunoglobulin will synthesize an activated B lymphocyte that has not been stimulated through CD40 ?: 
 Options:  <0> Any. <1> IgE <2> IgM <3> IgA <4> IgG
Output: biology
Question: What is a prodrug? 
 Options:  <0> A drug of series of a therapeutic class. <1> A drug that has been withdrawn from the market. <2> An inactive product that is enzymatically converted to an active drug. <3> A compound of natural origin from which one or more drugs are obtained by hemisynthesis. <4> A drug that lacks activity but enhances the action of others.
Output: medicine
Question: Faced with a patient with diffuse otitis externa, what is the initial treatment? 
 Options:  <0> Surgery. <1> Antibiotics plus analgesics, both intravenously. <2> Antibiotics and analgesics, both orally. <3> Cleaning of the external auditory canal, topical antibiotic therapy plus oral analgesics. <4> Topical antibiotics
Output: medicine
Question: In the prevalence of bioethical principles, the principles of justice and nonmaleficence are framed in an ethics: 
 Options:  <0> Of maximums. <1> Of minimums. <2> Deontological <3> Pluralistic. <4> Of excellence
Output: nursery
Question: Cinnamaldehyde is an aldehyde present in: 
 Options:  <0> Camphor. <1> Vanilla. <2> Almond oil. <3> Jasmine oil <4> Cinnamon.
Output: pharmacology
Question: Indicate which of the following compounds has antioxidant action: 
 Options:  <0> Vitamin B. <1> Vitamin D. <2> Vitamin E. <3> All the previous ones <4> None of the above.
Output: chemistry
Question: The blood flow velocity is maximum in: 
 Options:  <0> Great arteries <1> Distribution arteries. <2> Arterioles <3> Capillaries <4> Venules
Output: biology
Question: Heparin is: 
 Options:  <0> A plasma protein with no net charge with coagulant function. <1> A glycosaminoglycan with high density of sulphate groups in its structure and anticoagulant function. <2> A protease that facilitates the transformation of prothrombin into thrombin. <3> An extracellular matrix protein with no net charge, which gives rise to highly viscous solutions with a lubricating function. <4> A homopolysaccharide with anticoagulant function thanks to the high density of positive charges in its structure.
Output: pharmacology
Question: A person who does not have schizophrenia, or a mood disorder with psychotic symptoms, but who exhibits a deep pattern of social detachment and a limited range of emotional expression in interpersonal situations (eg, enjoyment with few activities or is indifferent to the praise or criticism), presents more likely: 
 Options:  <0> A delusional disorder <1> A social phobia <2> A schizoid personality disorder. <3> A disorder of depersonalization. <4> A Korsakoff syndrome.
Output: psychology
Question: We can consider an antecedent of the cognitive dynamic evaluation the work of: 
 Options:  <0> Thorndike (1974-1949). <1> Binet (1927). <2> Vygotsky (1935). <3> Kelly (1955). <4> Weschler (1967).
Output: psychology
Question: Question linked to the image nº11 The ultrasound image presented to him corresponds to a 37-year-old woman who consulted for non-traumatic right back pain associated with fever. Based on that background and the sonographic findings, point out the correct answer: 
 Options:  <0> An enlarged gallbladder with a double-walled sign is observed. <1> The findings suggest perinephric abscess with free perirenal fluid. <2> The image does not provide enough data to help the diagnosis. <3> The image suggests a large parapelic cyst; It is a minor find. <4> Ultrasound suggests obstruction of the urinary tract.
Output: medicine
Question: About the treatment of depression in children and adolescents, point out the INCORRECT statement: 
 Options:  <0> In moderate to severe depression, antidepressant medication should only be offered in combination with a simultaneous psychological therapy. <1> Both cognitive-behavioral therapy and interpersonal therapy have strong evidence of its efficacy in children who have not yet reached puberty. <2> Guided self-help and non-directive supportive therapy are acceptable treatment alternatives for mild depression. <3> The minimum duration of psychological therapy in moderate to severe depression should be at least 3 months. <4> Both individual and family therapy are recommended treatment alternatives for moderate to severe depression.
Output: psychology
Question: The electrolytic cells: 
 Options:  <0> They always have three electrodes. <1> They always have two compartments separated by a salt bridge. <2> They can have a single compartment. <3> They always have a reference electrode. <4> They always use platinum electrodes.
Output: chemistry
Question: The atomic mass of carbon is: 
 Options:  <0> The mass of 6.02.1023 carbon atoms, all of them being from the 12C isotope. <1> The mass of 6,022,103 carbon atoms, averaged according to the natural abundance of its isotopes. <2> The twelfth part of the mass of a carbon atom of the 12C isotope. <3> The sum of the mass of 6 protons, 6 neutrons and 6 electrons. <4> The mass of 12 protons.
Output: chemistry
Question: Organomagnesium compounds are commonly referred to as: 
 Options:  <0> Lipshutz <1> Birch. <2> Grignard. <3> Noyori <4> Blanc.
Output: chemistry
Question: Synovial fluid from patients with gout often contains: 
 Options:  <0> Hippuric acid crystals. <1> Tyrosine crystals. <2> Triple phosphate crystals. <3> Urate crystals. <4> Calcium oxalate crystals.
Output: pharmacology
Question: Why do ovarian cycles not appear in nursing mothers for several months after birth ?: 
 Options:  <0> For stress and lack of sleep associated with breastfeeding. <1> Because there are low levels of FSH and LH. <2> Because there are high levels of oxytocin. <3> By saving iron that is derived from breastfeeding. <4> Because there are high levels of progesterone.
Output: pharmacology
Question: Exposure to androgens in a sensitive or critical period, at the beginning of development, causes masculinization of the sexual and behavioral organs. This effect has received the name of: 
 Options:  <0> Motivational effect <1> Effect of pheromones. <2> Activating effect. <3> Organizer effect. <4> Biological effect
Output: psychology
Question: One of the main risk factors for kidney cancer is: 
 Options:  <0> Cardiopathy without treatment. <1> Sex. <2> Liver failure. <3> Alcohol intake. <4> Polycystic kidney disease.
Output: nursery
Question: What is the chemical basis for the reversible inhibition of acetylcholinesterase by the alkaloid physostigmine and related compounds ?: 
 Options:  <0> Allosteric inhibition of the enzyme. <1> Covalent binding to a cofactor essential for the reaction. <2> Coordination of an Mg2 + cation in the active center of the enzyme. <3> Analogy with the transition state of the reaction catalyzed by the enzyme. <4> Formation of a carbamate (carbamoylation) of the serine residue in the active center of the enzyme.
Output: pharmacology
Question: Indicate which of the following alterations of the metabolism can occur with gout: 
 Options:  <0> Metabolism of porphyrins. <1> Metabolism of acid amino acids. <2> Metabolism of basic amino acids. <3> Metabolism of glycogen. <4> Metabolism of purines.
Output: pharmacology
Question: People affected by chronic heart failure usually present the diagnosis of nursing Intolerance to activity related to: 
 Options:  <0> Fear, because it is a situation that poses a potential risk to life. <1> Imbalance between the supply and oxygen demand due to the decrease in myocardial contractility. <2> Excess fluid volume due to interruption of blood flow. <3> Poor knowledge about the disease and treatment with diuretics. <4> Infection due to decreased immune response.
Output: nursery
Question: What is the psychomotor disorder that can appear in an individual who has used phenothiazines for a prolonged period of time? 
 Options:  <0> Acute dyskinesia <1> Hypermymy <2> Hypomimia <3> Mannerisms. <4> Tardive dyskinesia
Output: psychology
Question: The results of the evaluation of a prevention program carried out in a specific context, environment and population refer to the concept of: 
 Options:  <0> Effectiveness. <1> Efficiency. <2> Effectiveness. <3> Feasibility. <4> Sustainability
Output: nursery
Question: The valvulopathy that triggers an overload of volume in both the left atrium and ventricle is: 
 Options:  <0> Mitral stenosis. <1> Mitral insufficiency <2> Aortic stenosis. <3> Aortic insufficiency <4> Tricuspid insufficiency.
Output: pharmacology
Question: Indicate which of the following deficits is an alteration of the mucopolysaccharide metabolism: 
 Options:  <0> Pyruvate kinase deficiency. <1> Deficiency of branching enzyme. <2> Sphingomyelinase deficiency. <3> N-acetylneuraminidase deficiency. <4> N-acetylglucosaminidase deficiency.
Output: pharmacology
Question: Which of the following alcohols has the lowest pKa value ?: 
 Options:  <0> Ethanol. <1> 2-Chloroethanol. <2> 2-Propanol. <3> 2,2,2-Trifluoroethanol. <4> 1,1-Dimethylethanol.
Output: chemistry
Question: GnRH (ganodorelin) is a hypothalamic decapeptide that is secreted in a pulsatile manner. Lately a series of analogues have been developed that: 
 Options:  <0> All of them inhibit prolonged secretion of LH and FSH. <1> All of them are GnRH receptor agonists. <2> Goserelin and buserelin are antagonists of the GnRH receptor. <3> The prolonged treatment gives rise to a typical symptomatology of an excess of gonadal steroids. <4> GnRH agonists are contraindicated in prostate and breast cancer.
Output: pharmacology
Question: Which of the following interventions is NOT part of the training in defecatory habits for the treatment of corporpresis? 
 Options:  <0> The use of enemas to achieve initial disimpaction and prevent constipation. <1> The establishment of a specific time of the day to carry out the defecation on a regular basis. <2> Positive contingent punishment to defecation in inappropriate places (underwear). <3> Provide restrictions and dietary recommendations. <4> The reinforcement for keeping the clothes clean at the end of the day.
Output: psychology
Question: In Beck Cognitive Therapy, automatic thoughts are considered: 
 Options:  <0> A scheme. <1> A cognitive process <2> An action guide <3> An interference <4> A cognitive product.
Output: psychology
Question: Which of the following situations would noticeably decrease the transcription of a gene? 
 Options:  <0> The presence of a repressor and an inducing molecule. <1> The binding of RNA polymerase to DNA. <2> The presence of a repressor and a correpressor molecule. <3> The presence of an activator and its signal molecule. <4> The presence of a mutated repressor that could not bind to DNA.
Output: pharmacology
Question: Question linked to image # 12 What is the most reasonable attitude at this time ?: 
 Options:  <0> Remove the entire catheter and reinsert it. <1> Extract about 10 cm the catheter and install the appropriate treatment. <2> Channel another central venous line through the jugular vein. <3> Leave it as it is because it can be used to monitor central venous pressure. <4> We can not use the catheter because it has perforated the vein and it is located in the lung.
Output: medicine
Question: Mast cells or mast cells belong to the tissue: 
 Options:  <0> Epithelial. <1> Conjunctive. <2> Adipose <3> Lymphoid <4> Nervous.
Output: biology
Question: Childhood disintegrative disorder is characterized by: 
 Options:  <0> A seemingly normal development during at least the first two years of life. <1> Present only in the female sex. <2> Do not affect the intellectual capacity of people who suffer from it. <3> Does not affect the communication skills of the person. <4> A developmental delay evident from birth.
Output: psychology
Question: Which amino acid serves as a starting point for the synthesis of porphyrins (heme group)? 
 Options:  <0> Valina <1> To the girl. <2> Asparagine <3> Lysine <4> Glycine
Output: chemistry
Question: The glucocorticoids: 
 Options:  <0> Increase ACTH levels. <1> They stimulate the secretion of CRH. <2> They are anti-inflammatory. <3> They are hypoglycemic. <4> Increase immune responses.
Output: biology
Question: The episodic memory is: 
 Options:  <0> Not declarative or implicit, that keeps skills, habits or routines of daily life. Their acquisition depends on the amount of time spent practicing them and the type of training used. <1> Declarative or explicit, of personal experiences based on the memory of concrete events that can be localized in time and in a specific place. <2> Long-term semantics <3> The one that allows to retain concepts, knowledge and events. <4> Which is used in the short term, for example, to remember the verse of a song by repeating it several times for a few minutes.
Output: nursery
Question: Patient of 79 years, hypertensive, hyperlipidemic, diabetic and with COPD in treatment with inhaled anticholinergics. He presents chronic atrial fibrillation on anticoagulant treatment with dicumarin. After a 3-day cough, yellow sputum and fever of 38 ° C, presented in the last 24 h progressive worsening with dyspnea of ​​effort, orthopnea and malleolar edema. The examination included a TA of 170/95 mmHg, dyspnea with a respiratory rate of 20 rpm and auscultation with bilateral wheezing and crackling in bases. Tachyarrhythmia at 110 bpm. Discrete malleolar edemas. What is the approach to follow? 
 Options:  <0> The patient probably has pneumonia and the priority is to perform a chest X-ray to confirm it. <1> It is probably an exacerbation of your COPD due to respiratory overinfection. Reinforce the basic treatment with an inhaled beta-2, corticoids and antibiotics and monitor evolution. <2> You probably have a component of left heart failure associated with a febrile respiratory infection. It would be a priority to treat it with vasodilators and diuretics in addition to the treatment that corresponds to their respiratory infection, bronchodilators, etc. <3> The patient is not classified for the severity of his COPD, which would indicate an immediate spirometry to adjust the treatment to the severity of the obstruction. It would also associate an antibiotic given the apparent picture of respiratory overinfection. <4> An echocardiogram would be the first exploration to be performed to rule out a possible component of heart failure associated with the exacerbated COPD episode presented by the patient.
Output: medicine
Question: The characteristic of delusions that refers to the maintenance of delirium over time, despite the evidence against is: 
 Options:  <0> The intensity or conviction. <1> The unmodifiable, incorrigibility or fixity. <2> Presence of cultural supports. <3> Concern. <4> Communication deviation.
Output: psychology
Question: The non-selective medium commonly used for the growth of gonococcus (Neisseria gonorrhoeae) is: 
 Options:  <0> Chocolate agar. <1> Agar blood. <2> Mannitol saline agar. <3> Nutritious agar <4> MacConkey agar.
Output: biology
Question: The Program of Preventive Activities and Health Promotion (PAPPS) DOES NOT include as a minimum package in the Infant Subprogram: 
 Options:  <0> Screening for congenital hypothyroidism. <1> Promotion of breastfeeding. <2> Prevention of pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases in adolescents. <3> Prevention of suicide. <4> Prevention of active and passive smoking.
Output: nursery
Question: Which of the following intermediaries can be isolated in yeasts that ferment wine and not in healthy muscle: 
 Options:  <0> Lactate <1> Acetaldehyde <2> Acetyl CoA <3> Citrate. <4> Oxalacetate.
Output: chemistry