niryuu/sni-each-converted huggingface dataset:
Question: A 19-year-old girl with no medical history of interest, except for a self-limiting flu-like illness 3 weeks before, who went to the Emergency Department for petechiae and spontaneously occurring bruising. On physical examination, the patient is in good general condition, afebrile, normotensive and oriented in time and space. Petechiae disseminated by EEII and small abdomen and ecchymoses are observed in decubitus areas. No enlarged adenopathy or splenomegaly. The analysis carried out offers the following findings: Hb 12.6 g / dL, Leukocytes 5,500 / mm3, platelets 7000 / mm3. The study of the peripheral blood smear offers a normal erythrocyte morphology, normal differential leukocyte count and the platelet count is concordant with the autoanalyzer figure without observing plaque aggregates. Biochemistry, proteinogram, beta 2 microglobulin and normal LDH. What do you think is the most appropriate initial treatment of the following? 
 Options:  <0> Platelet transfusion. <1> Rituximab in weekly schedule. <2> Cyclophosphamide in pulses of 4 days every 21 days. <3> Plasmapheresis daily. <4> Prednisone at 1 mg / day for 2-3 weeks.
Output: medicine
Question: The Müller cells of the retina are: 
 Options:  <0> Modified neurons. <1> Glandular <2> Neurogliales of support. <3> Of the microglia. <4> Of the pigmentary layer.
Output: biology
Question: Streptococcus sobrinus and Streptococcus mutants are responsible for: 
 Options:  <0> Dental cavities. <1> Burns infections. <2> Rheumatic fever <3> Atypical rhinitis. <4> Otitis stockings.
Output: biology
Question: A 58-year-old woman enters the Short Stay Medical Unit due to a clinical picture that began with an episode of syncope and then presented feeling of dizziness and dyspnea. On physical examination, she is sweaty, afebrile at 126 beats per minute and at 30 breaths per minute, with a blood pressure of 88/46 and an oxygen saturation of 85% while breathing room air. Cardiac auscultation shows tachycardia without murmurs or gallop and pulmonary auscultation is clean. Which, among the following, seems the most likely diagnosis? 
 Options:  <0> Pulmonary embolism. <1> Acute cerebrovascular accident of posterior territory. <2> Acute coronary syndrome <3> Hypovolemic shock. <4> Acute pulmonary edema secondary to atrial flutter.
Output: medicine
Question: Lacks hypothalamic control: 
 Options:  <0> Glucagon. <1> ACTH. <2> Prolactin <3> GH <4> LH
Output: biology
Question: Phototherapy or light therapy is used for the treatment of: 
 Options:  <0> Crisis of panic. <1> Major depression <2> Bipolar disorder. <3> Post-traumatic stress disorder. <4> Seasonal affective disorder.
Output: psychology
Question: The genus Anisakis is a: 
 Options:  <0> Digestive trematode. <1> Monogenetic trematode. <2> Nematode <3> Platelminto. <4> Arthropod.
Output: biology
Question: A 73-year-old woman is brought to the emergency room accompanied by the family due to a picture of chills and a productive cough of purulent mucus that lasted about 2 days; they also report a tendency to drowsiness with a decrease in oral intake to both liquids and solids. As background we report that the patient is diagnosed with hypertension, DM type 2 and incipient dementia. The physical examination highlights a thin patient, with discrete mucous dryness, sleepy but reactive to verbal commands. Meningism or motor or sensory focality is not objective. Temperature 35.9ºC. Heart rate 118 bpm, BP 84/50 mmHg, respiratory rate 22 rpm. O2 Saturation 93%. Cardiac tachyarrhythmic auscultation without murmurs. Respiratory auscultation with crackles in the right base. Point out the TRUE answer: 
 Options:  <0> Among the measures to be taken when sepsis is suspected, antibiotic therapy is administered in the 1st hour of arrival, although this attitude has not been correlated with a decrease in mortality. <1> The early administration of IV fluids is essential to maintain adequate tissue perfusion, the goal being to maintain an average blood pressure> 65 mmHg. <2> Among the complementary tests that are received we observed a lactate> 5.6 mmol / L; it must be taken into account but as long as hemodynamic stability is maintained we should not worry. <3> In fact, the diagnosis of sepsis is not correct since the absence of fever rules out it. <4> The patient presents hypotension despite intensive administration of intravenous fluid therapy; It is time to administer vasoactive drugs, with isoproterenol being the choice.
Output: medicine
Question: Proteins that do not fold properly in the endoplasmic reticulum are degraded into: 
 Options:  <0> Golgi complex. <1> Endosomes <2> Lysosomes <3> Citosol <4> Nucleus.
Output: biology
Question: The binding of O2 to hemoglobin: 
 Options:  <0> Follow a hyperbolic kinetics. <1> It favors the transition from Fe2 + to Fe3 + in the heme group of the protein. <2> Induces the deprotonation of the protein. <3> It is facilitated in the presence of 2,3bisphosphoglycerate. <4> It is carried out through a covalent interaction with Fe3 +.
Output: pharmacology
Question: The pentose phosphate pathway produces: 
 Options:  <0> NADH and acetyl-CoA. <1> NADPH and ribose-5-phosphate. <2> NADH and ribose-5-phosphate. <3> Urea. <4> Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate.
Output: biology
Question: What are the components of a functional heme group ?: 
 Options:  <0> Four molecules of bilirubin and one Fe3 +. <1> Four globins (2alpha + 2beta) and one Fe3 +. <2> One molecule of protoporphyrin and one Fe2 +. <3> One molecule of bilirubin and one Fe2 +. <4> Four globins (2alpha + 2beta) and one Fe2 +.
Output: pharmacology
Question: What is the most common developmental complication in bacterial meningitis in the pediatric age? 
 Options:  <0> Hearing loss <1> Residual epilepsy <2> Mental retardation. <3> Hydrocephalus <4> Visual defects.
Output: medicine
Question: In relation to vaccines, indicate the correct option: 
 Options:  <0> The immunization schedule should be suspended during the summer months. <1> The vaccination calendar is fixed and immovable. <2> The appropriate storage temperature is between 2 and 8C. <3> Influenza vaccine should only be given to people older than 14 years. <4> All the previous answers are correct.
Output: nursery
Question: A 34-year-old man consulted for fever and malaise. In the clinical history, homosexual relationships were collected for 4 months with a new partner. 2 months before the current consultation, she had an ulcerous lesion on the glans, painless, with bilateral inguinal adenopathies, all self-limiting. Serological studies are requested with the following results: HIV negative, RPR 1/320, TPHA 1/128. What treatment would you indicate in this patient? 
 Options:  <0> None. <1> Intravenous penicillin G, 24 MU every day for 14 days. <2> Penicillin Benzatine 2.4 MU intramuscular, three doses in three consecutive weeks. <3> Ceftriaxone 2 grams intramuscular in a single dose. <4> Penicillin Benzatine 2.4 MU intramuscular in a single dose.
Output: medicine
Question: A rat pathogen that has fleas as vectors of transmission to humans is: 
 Options:  <0> Rickettsia rickettsii. <1> Yersinia pestis <2> Borrelia burgdorferi. <3> Ehrlichia ewingii. <4> Brucella abortus.
Output: biology
Question: Among the rules of administration of Parenteral Nutrition, which is true: 
 Options:  <0> The route of administration of NP can be used to perform blood extractions. <1> The NP bag can be kept out of the refrigerator until it is administered. <2> The administration of other intravenous medications can be done through the same route as the NP. <3> The nutrient solution may be exposed to light. <4> The infusion will be done at a constant rate during the 24 hours.
Output: nursery
Question: The reordering of Cope is a reordering: 
 Options:  <0> From an allyl vinyl ether. <1> [1,3] -sigmatropic. <2> [1,2] -sigmatropic. <3> [3,3] -sigmatropic. <4> It is a cycloaddition [4 + 2].
Output: chemistry
Question: Which coenzyme acts as an inhibitor of the citric acid cycle (or tricarboxylic acid cycle): 
 Options:  <0> Lipoic acid. <1> Ascorbic acid. <2> Biocytin. <3> Coenzyme Q. <4> NADH + H +.
Output: pharmacology
Question: Immediate hypersensitivity reactions or allergy are mediated by: 
 Options:  <0> Autoantibodies <1> Antigen-antibody complexes. <2> IgE <3> Th1 lymphocytes. <4> Th17 lymphocytes.
Output: biology
Question: It is associated with gastric ulcers and cancers: 
 Options:  <0> Clostridium botulinum. <1> Yersinia enterocolitica. <2> Salmonella enterica <3> Helicobacter pylori. <4> Shigella sonnei.
Output: biology
Question: How would you define quality of care? 
 Options:  <0> The quality of care is the set of rules to ensure that things are done well. <1> The quality of care can be defined as the absence of incidents in the care of the sick. <2> The quality of care can be defined as the satisfaction of the needs and aspirations of patients-clients, both real and perceived, with the least consumption of resources. <3> The quality of care is defined through the implementation of improvement actions that ensure compliance with the objectives of the Quality Plan of the Health Center. <4> The quality of care is to treat the sick with all possible means.
Output: medicine
Question: The most frequent malignant tumor of the submaxillary gland is: 
 Options:  <0> Mucoepidermoid carcinoma. <1> Carcinoma ex-pleomorphic adenoma. <2> Lymphoma <3> Cylindroma or cystic adenoid carcinoma. <4> Papillomatous cystadedenolymphoma.
Output: medicine
Question: The following are zoonotic: 
 Options:  <0> Rotavirus. <1> Paramyxovirus. <2> Cytomegalovirus. <3> Arenavirus. <4> Parvovirus.
Output: biology
Question: According to Tyrer's classification (1989), what type of dissociation does psychogenic amnesia (dissociative amnesia) belong to ?: 
 Options:  <0> The dissociation of the personality. <1> The dissociation of cognitive function. <2> The dissociation of perception. <3> The dissociation of movement or sensation. <4> The dissociation of complex behaviors.
Output: psychology
Question: Activates the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system an increase in: 
 Options:  <0> Blood pressure. <1> Parasympathetic activity <2> Concentration of Ca2 + in plasma. <3> Na + concentration in plasma. <4> Sympathetic activity
Output: biology
Question: Alveolar pressure exceeds atmospheric pressure: 
 Options:  <0> In the initial phase of inspiration. <1> In the middle phase of inspiration. <2> In the middle phase of an expiration. <3> At the end of expiration. <4> At the end of the inspiration.
Output: biology
Question: Indicate which of the following vitamins is not fat-soluble: 
 Options:  <0> Vitamin E. <1> Vitamin D. <2> Vitamin K. <3> Vitamin B. <4> Vitamin A.
Output: chemistry
Question: Which of the following drugs obtained by means of molecular engineering techniques is not applicable in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis ?: 
 Options:  <0> Infliximab. <1> Denosumab. <2> Adalimumab. <3> Anakinra <4> Etanercept.
Output: pharmacology
Question: Temperature is one of the important variables in the emission techniques, because: 
 Options:  <0> The energy emitted by the atoms varies exponentially with it. <1> The population of atoms in the excited state decreases when it increases. <2> The population of atoms in the excited state increases when it decreases. <3> By increasing the atoms evaporate and the analytical signal decreases. <4> When increasing it increases the power of the electromagnetic radiation coming from the hollow cathode lamp.
Output: chemistry
Question: The secretion of GH or growth hormone: 
 Options:  <0> It stops at 20 years old. <1> It last for ever. <2> During the day it is greater than at night. <3> It is stimulated by somatostatin. <4> It is stimulated by the substances.
Output: biology
Question: With which of the following parameters is the concept of frailty identified in older people? 
 Options:  <0> Lower physiological reserve. <1> Dependence. <2> Advanced age. <3> Polypharmacy <4> Inability.
Output: nursery
Question: An increase in ACTH stimulates the synthesis and release of: 
 Options:  <0> Aldosterone <1> Cortisol <2> Thyroxine <3> CRH <4> TRH
Output: biology
Question: In prothrombin, the conversion reaction of glutamate to γ-carboxyglutamate is dependent on: 
 Options:  <0> Vitamin K. <1> Vitamin D. <2> Vitamin A. <3> Vitamin C. <4> Vitamin E.
Output: chemistry
Question: The complementary drug protection certificate has a maximum duration of: 
 Options:  <0> Five years. <1> Seven years. <2> Ten years. <3> Fifteen years. <4> Twenty five years.
Output: pharmacology
Question: In the field of management, the productive capacity of people that is manifested and measured by their performance, reflecting the knowledge, skills, attitudes and skills to perform an efficient and effective work, is called: 
 Options:  <0> Competition. <1> Leadership. <2> Competitiveness <3> Qualification <4> Motivation.
Output: nursery
Question: The microvilli contain a beam of: 
 Options:  <0> Microtubules <1> Actin filaments. <2> Intermediate filaments <3> Spectrine <4> Collagen fibers.
Output: biology
Question: Question linked to image no. 9 To rule out situations that may simulate the patient's manifestations and establish a differential diagnosis, we must continue with the interrogation. One of the following habits or antecedents would be difficult to relate to the facial alterations observed. Point out which one. 
 Options:  <0> Habit of stretching the hairs (trichotillomania). <1> A sexually transmitted disease <2> Contact with people or geographic areas with leprosy. <3> Drug intake. <4> History of hyperuricemia.
Output: medicine
Question: The solubility of calcium fluoride in a solution of pH <3 is higher than in pure water due to: 
 Options:  <0> The absence of reactions of formation of hydroxylated calcium complexes at these pH values. <1> The lower hydration capacity of the precipitate particles at these pH values. <2> The absence of reactions of formation of soluble complexes of calcium and fluoride at these pH values. <3> The complex formation reactions of the Ca2 + ion with the hydronium. <4> The protonation reaction of the fluoride anion.
Output: chemistry
Question: Acid chlorides can be transformed into carboxylic acids: 
 Options:  <0> Through a hydrolysis catalyzed by an acid or a base. <1> Through a reduction reaction with lithium aluminum hydride. <2> Through a reduction reaction with sodium borohydride. <3> Through a reduction reaction with diborane. <4> It is not possible due to the lack of reactivity that characterizes acyl halides.
Output: pharmacology
Question: Urine is hypoosmolar with respect to plasma in: 
 Options:  <0> Bowman's capsule. <1> Proximal tubule <2> Medulla area of ​​the loop of Henle. <3> Initial zone of the distal tubule. <4> Collecting tubule in the presence of ADH.
Output: biology
Question: In the most frequent type of esophageal atresia: 
 Options:  <0> Prenatal ultrasound performed in the third trimester allows diagnosis in 6080% of cases. <1> It is associated in 50% of cases with microgastria and neural tube defects. <2> The distance between the proximal and distal atresic pockets is greater than in the other types of atresia. <3> Gastrostomy should be performed in the first 48 hours of life to allow enteral feeding. <4> The presence of air in the stomach and small intestine on abdominal radiography confirms the existence of a distal fistula.
Output: medicine
Question: In the survey investigations, we work with a representative sample of the population. What does this mean ?: 
 Options:  <0> The sample faithfully reflects the variables that characterize the population and its size is adequate. <1> The conclusions of the study only describe the specific sample and are not generalizable. <2> We obtain incomplete and biased information by the characteristics of the sample. <3> The basic criterion of inclusion in the sample is the accessibility of the participants. <4> The size of the sample should be as close as possible to that of the population.
Output: psychology
Question: They are primary lymphoid organs: 
 Options:  <0> Spleen and lymph nodes <1> The spleen and bone marrow. <2> The thymus and the bone marrow. <3> The pineal gland <4> Peyer's plates and tonsils.
Output: biology
Question: The quotient between the number of live births registered in a year and the female population of reproductive age (15-49 years) refers to the concept of: 
 Options:  <0> Crude birth rate. <1> General fertility rate. <2> Synthetic fertility index. <3> Gross reproduction rate. <4> Net reproduction rate.
Output: nursery
Question: What is the model that states that health behaviors are determined by the perception of personal susceptibility to the disease and the perceived severity of the consequences of the disease? 
 Options:  <0> The reasoned action. <1> The one about health beliefs. <2> The one of the psychosomatic medicine. <3> The vulnerability to stress. <4> The placebo effect.
Output: psychology
Question: A 28-year-old man brought to the emergency room, on a Saturday morning, in a state of psychomotor agitation and delirious ideas. His companion reports previous abuse, by the patient, of cocaine. What sign / symptom would you NOT expect to find? 
 Options:  <0> Hypothermia. <1> Tachycardia. <2> Mydriasis. <3> Diaphoresis <4> Thoracic pain.
Output: medicine
Question: A 50-year-old patient with a pleural effusion with the following characteristics: straw appearance, pH 7.3, ratio of pleura / serum proteins 0.8, ratio of LDH pleura / serum 0.9, Gram and Ziehl negative, total lipids, cholesterol and normal triglycerides, cells mesothelial <5%, intense lymphocytosis without atypia, ADA 64 U / l. What diagnosis do you suggest? 
 Options:  <0> Pleural empyema <1> Pleural effusion due to heart failure (transudate). <2> Pleural mesothelioma. <3> Tuberculous pleural effusion <4> Secondary effusion to pulmonary infarction.
Output: medicine
Question: Question linked to image nº2 A 65-year-old man with a personal history of chronic alcoholic liver disease in functional stage A of Child in treatment with ibuprofen due to low back pain, presents a picture of red blood hematemesis. Upon his arrival at the emergency room, he presented a blood pressure of 120/60 mm Hg. In the analytical sample, hemoglobin 10 gr / dL, platelets 250,000 / μL, urea 85 mg / dL and creatinine 1.1 mg / dL are the most important data. Urgent endoscopy is performed showing the image. Given these findings, what is the correct answer: 
 Options:  <0> It is only necessary to carry out transfusion of packed red cells and monitor the hemodynamic stability of the patient. <1> The endoscopic findings suggest a Forrest III classification. <2> The placement of bands is the endoscopic treatment of choice since it is a patient with liver disease. <3> It is necessary to perform an endoscopy at 12 o'clock to monitor the possibility of rebleeding in a systematic way. <4> It is necessary to perform endoscopic treatment with adrenaline 1: 10000 associated with the placement of an endoclip.
Output: medicine
Question: For a drug to permeate through the cornea, you must: 
 Options:  <0> Be totally ionized. <1> Present a very high polarity. <2> Join the lysozyme that is present in the tear fluid. <3> Present a certain lipophilicity and a minimum degree of water solubility. <4> Have weak acid character.
Output: pharmacology
Question: Glutathione fulfills everything that follows except: 
 Options:  <0> It is a dipeptide. <1> Eliminates peroxides and free radicals. <2> Participates in the detoxification of compounds. <3> Acts as a cofactor of some enzymes. <4> Protects against oxidative stress.
Output: chemistry
Question: Which of the following is NOT a component of dry bed training for bedwetting? 
 Options:  <0> The use of the alarm. <1> The positive practice <2> The programmed awakening. <3> The positive reinforcement. <4> The sphincteric exercises.
Output: psychology
Question: Reviewing the CT angiography of a 70-year-old man under study for abdominal aortic aneurysm, the radiologist reports the presence of complete occlusion of the inferior mesenteric artery. The patient is completely asymptomatic. Occlusion of the inferior mesenteric artery occurs asymptomatically on many occasions since the irrigating territory can receive flow from: 
 Options:  <0> The middle colic artery. <1> The gastroduodenal artery. <2> The left inferior epigastric artery. <3> The splenic artery. <4> The gastroepiploic artery.
Output: medicine
Question: Among the sources used to make the diagnosis of health of a community, it is essential to know: 
 Options:  <0> Census of the population. <1> Notifiable diseases registration. <2> Potable water supply. <3> Waiting lists. <4> All are correct.
Output: nursery
Question: Question linked to image # 4 What would be the most likely radiological diagnosis to justify this finding? 
 Options:  <0> Central bronchogenic carcinoma. <1> Left phrenic paralysis. <2> Anterior thoracic wall abscess. <3> Left pleural mesothelioma. <4> Anterior mediastinal lymphoma.
Output: medicine
Question: The following are obtained only by chemical synthesis: 
 Options:  <0> Penicillins <1> Cephalosporins. <2> Macrolides <3> Aminoglycosides <4> Quinolones
Output: biology
Question: Primary prevention: 
 Options:  <0> It consists of avoiding the appearance or diminishing the probability of suffering from a certain disease. <1> It deals with the diagnosis and early treatment of the disease. <2> It acts when the disease has already been established but trying to delay its course. <3> It is aimed at identifying patients at risk of suffering unnecessary, unethical and unnecessarily invasive interventions. <4> The correct answers are 2 and 3.
Output: nursery
Question: According to Berman et al., From the sanitary point of view, to the basic social group constituted by persons of feminine or masculine gender, young or adult, united by legal, friendship, related or not genetically and that others consider close friends, he calls you: 
 Options:  <0> Collective. <1> Informal system <2> Control group. <3> Citizenship. <4> Family.
Output: nursery
Question: A 40-year-old man goes to the emergency department for inflammation of the right knee of about 24 hours of evolution. The patient does not report previous trauma and is the first episode of arthritis that presents. A the anamnesis directed that 4 weeks ago he returned from a trip to Morocco and that being there he presented chills and diarrhea that subsided after a week. The examination also revealed inflammation of the right Achilles tendon. What is the attitude to follow? 
 Options:  <0> It is a spondyloarthropathy, start treatment with methotrexate. <1> Immobilize the knee with a bandage for 15 days and give non-steroidal anti-inflammatories. <2> Practice an arthrocentesis to perform culture, analysis of microcrystals and cellular counting of the synovial fluid. <3> Perform an arthroscopy. <4> It is a gouty arthritis, I would start treatment with allopurinol.
Output: medicine
Question: What proportion of insulin and C-peptide synthesize the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans? 
 Options:  <0> One molecule of insulin per C peptide <1> Two molecules of insulin for each peptide C. <2> One molecule of insulin for every two peptides C. <3> Peptide C is synthesized in C cells <4> There is a variable proportion between the synthesis of insulin and that of peptide C.
Output: pharmacology
Question: Which of the following medications can cause renal failure in patients with bilateral renal artery stenosis by inhibiting the constrictor tone of the efferent arteriole ?: 
 Options:  <0> Acetaminophen. <1> Diclofenac <2> Enalaprilo. <3> Metamizole <4> Furosemide.
Output: pharmacology
Question: What sign or symptom is NOT typical of Guillain-Barré syndrome? 
 Options:  <0> Facial paralysis. <1> Sphincter alteration. <2> Hiccup or tendinous tendon reflex. <3> Muscular weakness. <4> Dysautonomia
Output: medicine
Question: 0 months previously healthy with acute gastroenteritis of one day of evolution and signs of mild dehydration, without blood or mucus in the stool and without oral intolerance. What is the initial choice treatment in our environment? 
 Options:  <0> Intravenous rehydration, absolute diet 8 hours and start feeding with astringent diet. <1> Rehydration with low osmolality oral rehydration solution (sodium 60-75 mEq / L) and continue with your usual diet. <2> Rehydration with low osmolality oral rehydration solution (sodium 60-75 mEq / L), maintain regular feeding and oral amoxicillin for 10 days. <3> Rehydration with low osmolality oral rehydration solution (sodium 60-75 mEq / L) and start feeding with lactose-free formula. <4> Rehydration with low osmolality oral rehydration solution (sodium 60-75 mEq / L), maintain regular feeding and loperamide 7 days.
Output: medicine
Question: The -thalassemia can have its origin in: 
 Options:  <0> The deficit of ferroquetalase. <1> The deficit of HbA2. <2> The presence of HBH. <3> The presence of HbS. <4> The presence of methemoglobin.
Output: pharmacology
Question: If an animal organism has deficiencies in the path of pentose phosphate: 
 Options:  <0> There would be an excess of activity of the enzyme glutathione reductase. <1> The pentose phosphate would be integrated into the glycolytic pathway. <2> NADH would be used to replace NADPH. <3> It would stimulate the synthesis of fatty acids in adipose tissue. <4> The concentration of NADPH would decrease.
Output: chemistry
Question: What would happen if the DNA carried OH in carbon 2 'of the pentose? 
 Options:  <0> That instead of thymine should carry uracil. <1> That would be more sensitive to hydrolysis. <2> That instead of in the nucleus it would be in the cytoplasm. <3> That it could not form double helices. <4> That would give a higher absorbance value at 260 mm.
Output: pharmacology
Question: Transcription factors: 
 Options:  <0> They bind to chromatin by interaction with histone H2A. <1> They bind to RNA and regulate the start of transcription. <2> They join the DNA. <3> They are organized into nucleosomes. <4> They regulate DNA mutilation.
Output: chemistry
Question: Inhibitors of hydroxymethyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase (HMG-CoA reductase), such as statins: 
 Options:  <0> They increase intracellular cholesterol synthesis. <1> They cause a decrease in the number of LDL receptors present on the surface of hepatocytes. <2> They decrease the intracellular synthesis of triacylglycerides. <3> They diminish intracellular cholesterol synthesis and induce the expression of LDL receptors. <4> They increase the synthesis of steroid hormones.
Output: pharmacology
Question: A colonoscopy of colorectal cancer screening is performed on a patient with ulcerative colitis with involvement up to the transverse colon. Colonoscopy shows no signs of inflammatory activity. Multiple biopsies were performed every 10 cm. The biopsies were reviewed by 2 expert pathologists demonstrating a focus of high grade dysplasia in one of the biopsies performed in the sigmoid colon. What would you indicate next? 
 Options:  <0> Repeat the colonoscopy to confirm the diagnosis. <1> Intensive surveillance with colonoscopy every 3 to 6 months. <2> Repeat the examination and perform a chromoendoscopy to identify the lesion and perform an endoscopic mucosectomy. <3> Total proctocolectomy. <4> Treatment with mesalazine at doses of 2-3 grams per day and repeat the scan at 3 to 6 months.
Output: medicine
Question: If after 200 microliters of a 10-4 dilution (10 exp. -4) of a broth on an agar plate grows 100 colonies, the estimated number of colony forming units per mL of broth is: 
 Options:  <0> 0.2 x 104 <1> 2 x 106 <2> 5 x 104 <3> 5 x 105 <4> 5 x 106
Output: biology
Question: What sleep disorder with onset in childhood and adolescence has a lower family incidence? 
 Options:  <0> Kleine-Levin syndrome. <1> Narcolepsy <2> Circadian rhythm disorder, delayed sleep type. <3> Night terrors. <4> Somnambulism.
Output: psychology
Question: Point out the INCORRECT response in relation to the Portfolio of Primary Care Services: 
 Options:  <0> It is the selection of services prioritized and organized in a specific way, which responds exclusively to health policy priorities. <1> The basic unit of the Portfolio of Services is a set of activities or action criteria that guide the attention to a problem or process of clinical or preventive health with specification of the population to which it is directed. <2> The general structure may have variants depending on the service in question or the different Autonomous Communities. <3> Its purpose is to promote the attention of the most frequent and relevant processes in PA in accordance with agreed scientific and technical criteria. <4> It reduces the avoidable clinical variability and facilitates equity in the provision of services.
Output: nursery
Question: A 68-year-old man with a history of diabetes of 20 years of evolution, hypertension and prostatism in treatment, consulted for repeated episodes of syncope. The episodes have occurred while standing, after meals and have been preceded by an oppressive pain in the nape, neck and shoulder girdle. Which of these complementary tests is essential? 
 Options:  <0> Brain and cervical MRI. <1> Angio-MR of the supra-aortic trunks. <2> Nuclear medicine study of cerebral dopamine transporter (SPECT with ioflupane). <3> Measurement of blood pressure in decubitus and standing. <4> 24-hour Holter record of the electrocardiogram.
Output: medicine
Question: The parents of a 2-year-old girl consult because they are concerned about their daughter's development. They have observed that approximately from 18 months, their behavior is different from that of other children of their age. Until then, they had attributed their limited interaction to the fact that they were becoming more independent, and the lack of language development, to which they were not yet enrolled. In the consultation you observe that the girl does not respond when she calls her by her name, shows little eye contact, performs vocalizations without communicative intention, and does not look at where the parents point her. Given these findings, all of the following statements are true, EXCEPT one: 
 Options:  <0> Parents should be reassured, recommended schooling as soon as possible, and arrange a follow-up in 3 months. <1> The most likely diagnosis is autistic spectrum disorder. <2> A diagnostic evaluation must be carried out by a team with experience in autism. <3> Appropriate early intervention is recommended. <4> The origin of the disorder is multifactorial.
Output: medicine
Question: A 47-year-old man consulted for edema in lower limbs of 3 weeks of evolution. In blood analysis, creatinine 1.3 mg / dL, total cholesterol 270 mg / dL and albumin 2.4 g / dL. In the urine sediment, it presents 15-20 red cells per field and in urine of 24 hours proteinuria is detected 3.7 g / day. What is the most likely diagnosis? 
 Options:  <0> Minimal change disease. <1> Focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis. <2> Membranous nephropathy <3> Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis type I. <4> Mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis.
Output: medicine
Question: In the urea cycle: 
 Options:  <0> Enzymes that participate are located in the mitochondria. <1> Genetic defects can be treated with benzoate. <2> An intermediate metabolite is N-acetylglutamate. <3> Lysine is synthesized. <4> Carbamylphosphate synthetase II intervenes.
Output: chemistry
Question: Type III hypersensitivity reactions are characterized by: 
 Options:  <0> The activation of mast cells. <1> The deposit of immunocomplexes. <2> The activation of macrophages. <3> Appearance of a neutrophil infiltrate. <4> Cytotoxicity reactions.
Output: pharmacology
Question: Indicate which of the following will be the most likely diagnosis if an individual has a lipoprotein lipase deficiency: 
 Options:  <0> Type I dyslipidemia <1> Type IIa dyslipidemia. <2> Type III dyslipidemia. <3> Abetalipoproteinemia. <4> Tangier disease.
Output: pharmacology
Question: Among other properties with respect to hypericin we can indicate: 
 Options:  <0> It is a powerful hepatoprotector extracted from the roots of Hypericum perforatum. <1> It is a powerful cholagogue that is extracted from the resin of the Hypericum perforatum rhizome. <2> It is a removable antiretroviral of the aerial parts of Hypericum perforatum. <3> It is a laxative that is extracted from the leaves of Hypericum perforatum. <4> It is a potent hepatoprotective present in the fruits of Hypericum perforatum.
Output: pharmacology
Question: A 23-year-old boy, who makes a jump while playing basketball, falls on his right lower limb with his knee in hyperextension, applying a sharp turn to his knee while keeping his foot fixed on the ground. The patient, perceives a snap and sharp pain in his knee, unable to continue playing. Note feeling of instability when performing the support of said extremity. On clinical examination, intense articular effusion is seen, so arthrocentesis is performed, which shows an important acute hemarthrosis without the presence of droplets of fat supernatanting in the extracted fluid. The mobility of the knee is free and the Lachman maneuver is positive. What is the diagnostic suspicion? 
 Options:  <0> Break in cube handle of the inner meniscus. <1> Isolated rupture of the lateral collateral ligament. <2> Fracture by tearing of the anterior tibial spine. <3> Unicondylar fracture of the medial condyle. <4> Rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament
Output: medicine
Question: The psychological treatments in bipolar disorder share several therapeutic objectives, among which is NOT: 
 Options:  <0> Train patients in the detection of the initial symptoms that precede the disorder. <1> Replace the need for a long-term pharmacological treatment. <2> Teach patients strategies to cope with stressful stimuli that can trigger or exacerbate symptoms. <3> Improve adherence to pharmacological treatment. <4> Provide patients with techniques to manage the initial symptoms, thus preventing them from getting worse.
Output: psychology
Question: What simple reinforcement programs produce a more stable response pattern ?: 
 Options:  <0> Those of fixed ratio. <1> Those of variable reason. <2> Those of fixed interval. <3> Those of variable interval. <4> All reinforcement programs produce similar response rates.
Output: psychology
Question: A carnitine deficiency is associated with: 
 Options:  <0> The inhibition of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. <1> The inhibition of protein catabolism. <2> An increase in renal protein catabolism. <3> A failure in the entry of muscle fatty acids into the mitochondria for oxidation. <4> A decrease in hepatic lipogenesis.
Output: pharmacology
Question: A patient suffers an infection by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Which of the following penicillins would be of your choice? 
 Options:  <0> Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid. <1> Cloxacillin <2> Penicillin V. <3> Piperacillin-tazobactam <4> Ampicillin
Output: pharmacology
Question: Which of the following antifungals is used in the treatment of invasive aspergillosis and severe candidiasis including Candida krusei and Candida glabrata ?: 
 Options:  <0> Voriconazole <1> Miconazole <2> Ketoconazole <3> Fluconazole <4> 1 and 3 are correct.
Output: pharmacology
Question: When carrying out the validation of an analytical method it is necessary to take into account the following basic aspects: 
 Options:  <0> Validate the analytical process as a whole, the range of concentrations in which it is applied, as well as the method in a single matrix to ensure selectivity. <1> Validate the previous stages of treatment of the sample, the range of concentrations in which it is applied and the method in a single matrix to ensure the selectivity. <2> Validate the final measurement method, validate the range of low concentrations (traces) in which it is applied and the method in a single matrix to ensure sensitivity. <3> All that is required is to validate the instrumentation by means of suitable calibrations. <4> Validate the analytical process as a whole, the concentration interval in which it is applied and the method in each of the matrices to which it will be applied.
Output: chemistry
Question: In a quasi-experimental design: 
 Options:  <0> There is no specific intervention by the researcher on the independent variable or treatment. <1> Spontaneous behavior is studied in natural situations. <2> It constitutes the maximum degree of intervention and internal control. <3> Study groups can not be organized by random assignment. <4> It represents the maximum degree of naturalness and the minimum internal control.
Output: psychology
Question: A 76-year-old man consulted for cognitive deterioration, slowness and awkwardness of movements, of eight months of evolution. The family reported that the patient had visual hallucinations, so his Primary Care physician prescribed low doses of risperidone, with a significant worsening of motor status. In view of these data, what is the most likely diagnosis? 
 Options:  <0> Alzheimer disease. <1> Dementia due to Lewy bodies. <2> Frontotemporal dementia. <3> Vascular dementia <4> Occasional Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.
Output: medicine
Question: Which compound acts as a sulfhydryl buffer and as an antioxidant? 
 Options:  <0> Glycogen <1> Glutamic acid. <2> Glucagon. <3> Glutathione <4> Ascorbic acid.
Output: chemistry
Question: What type of amino acid side chains will compete with saline ions for solvation water ?: 
 Options:  <0> Apolares. <1> Aliphatic <2> Aromatic <3> Polar <4> Without charge.
Output: chemistry
Question: For the care of the nipple cracks during lactation it is recommended: 
 Options:  <0> Washed with water and neutral pH soap after each feeding. <1> Spread a few drops of milk and let air dry after the tetada. <2> The use of healing ointments. <3> 70º alcohol applied through sterile gauze between shots. <4> Apply cold between shots.
Output: nursery
Question: Where are baroreceptors located that play a more important role in regulating blood pressure? 
 Options:  <0> Vessels of the medulla oblongata. <1> Coronary arteries <2> Vena cava <3> Carotid arteries. <4> Renal arteries
Output: pharmacology
Question: Botulinum toxin: 
 Options:  <0> It occurs in infected and poorly aerated wounds. <1> Blocks protein synthesis. <2> It blocks the secretion of acetylcholine in the myoneural plaque. <3> It interferes with nerve impulse transmission at the level of axons. <4> It causes necrosis of the nerve endings.
Output: biology
Question: What pair of modified amino acids is very common in collagen? 
 Options:  <0> 4-Hydroxy-proline and 5-Hydroxy-lysine. <1> Histamine and 5-Methyl-lysine. <2> Carboxyglutamate and 4-Hydroxy-proline. <3> S-Adenosyl-methionine and 5-Methyl-proline. <4> Methyl-Phenylalanine and Histamine.
Output: chemistry
Question: The therapy based on mentalization focuses on: 
 Options:  <0> The promotion of the relaxation of the maladaptive functioning pattern. <1> The transferential interpretations that emerge in the relationship between patient and therapist. <2> The promotion of motivation to relate to significant others and establish safe limits. <3> The regulation of emotions. <4> The ability to acquire a sense of self and others in terms of subjective states and mental processes.
Output: psychology
Question: A 33-year-old woman with a loss of 6 kg in the last 4 months, asthenia and anorexia. Amenorrhea for 2 months. The hormonal results indicate a basal cortisol serum concentration of 108 nmol / l (baseline normal value 115-550) and 123 nmol / l after stimulation with ACTH. The baseline plasma concentration of ACTH is 48 pmol / l (normal value: 2-12). What is the most likely diagnosis? 
 Options:  <0> Primary adrenal insufficiency. <1> Secondary adrenal insufficiency. <2> Tertiary adrenal insufficiency due to hypothalamic lesion. <3> ACTH-producing pituitary tumor (corticotropinoma). <4> More tests should be done since the diagnosis is inconclusive.
Output: medicine
Question: The metal that appears most frequently in the active site of metalloproteases is: 
 Options:  <0> Calcium. <1> Magnesium. <2> Selenium. <3> Sodium. <4> Zinc.
Output: chemistry
Question: To decide to postpone discharge to a child in maternity 48 hours after childbirth, the following criteria will be taken into account EXCEPT one, indicate it. 
 Options:  <0> Jaundice evident on the first day of life. <1> VDRL positive. <2> Weight loss of 7%. <3> Breastfeeding not established. <4> Lack of evacuation of meconium.
Output: medicine
Question: According to the recommendations of the 2010 Guide of the Spanish Council of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, when applying cardiopulmonary resuscitation maneuvers in an infant, the following should be done: 
 Options:  <0> Perform cardiac massage with both hands. <1> Achieve that the thorax descend between 5 and 8 cm in each compression. <2> Blow out as much air as possible when performing mouth-to-mouth ventilation. <3> Maintain a cardiac massage frequency around 200 beats per minute. <4> Use a 15: 2 compression and ventilation ratio.
Output: nursery
Question: In the treatment of patients with Alzheimer's disease, which of the following treatment options do you consider most appropriate? 
 Options:  <0> The initial treatment of any type of urinary incontinence with drugs such as oxybutynin is of choice due to its anticholinergic effects. <1> Treatment with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. <2> For the treatment of associated depression prioritize the use of tricyclic antidepressants. <3> The typical neuroleptics at high doses. <4> Estrogen replacement therapy.
Output: medicine
Question: Fatty fish, commonly called blue, are those that contain just over 10% fat. Which of the following is a lean fish and, therefore, with a lower fat intake? 
 Options:  <0> Sardine. <1> Eel. <2> Salmon. <3> Sole. <4> Mackerel.
Output: nursery
Question: In which part of the cell is ribosomal RNA synthesized ?: 
 Options:  <0> Nucleolus <1> Ribosomes. <2> Vacuolas <3> Golgi apparatus. <4> Endoplasmic reticulum.
Output: chemistry
Question: Non-fluid, motor or expressive aphasia is associated with injuries in: 
 Options:  <0> The Wernicke area. <1> The arched fascicle. <2> The motor cortex <3> The Broca area. <4> The angular gyrus.
Output: pharmacology
Question: Which of the following transducers are not suitable in Atomic Mass Spectrometry? 
 Options:  <0> Electron multiplying channels. <1> Faraday Cup <2> Photo plates. <3> Scintillation detectors. <4> Photomultiplier tubes.
Output: chemistry
Question: Has an autosomal dominant inheritance: 
 Options:  <0> Alcaptonuria. <1> Huntington's Korea. <2> Rett syndrome. <3> Colour blindness. <4> Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
Output: biology
Question: A thirty-five-year-old man (index case) affected by ataxia and with clinical manifestations for three years, presents an expansive trinucleotide CAG mutation in heterozygosis in the ATXN1 gene. The molecular diagnosis is of spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1; 6p22.3) and in the genetic report it is said that the disease is of complete penetrance throughout life. In genetic counseling, the risks of transmitting the disease to their offspring will be explained to the index case. What follows from the above? 
 Options:  <0> Being the male index case, all female descendants will inherit ataxia; but no male child. <1> The mutation will be transmitted to 50% of the descendants of the index case, who will develop ataxia from some point in their life. <2> The mutation will be transmitted to 25% of the descendants of the index case, who will develop ataxia from some point in their life. <3> The ataxia will be transmitted throughout the life of the index case affecting all of its offspring. <4> If the partner of the index case carries another SCA mutation (for example, in SCA36, great genetic heterogeneity), ataxia will be suffered by 25% of the descendants from some point in their life. If the couple is not a carrier, the ataxia will not be transmitted.
Output: medicine
Question: Nitric Oxide (NO) is synthesized from the amino acid: 
 Options:  <0> Arginine <1> Asparagine <2> To the girl. <3> Aspartate <4> Valina
Output: chemistry
Question: The major product of the reaction of 2-methylcyclohexanol with HBr is: 
 Options:  <0> 1-Bromo-2-methylcyclohexane. <1> Methylcyclohexane <2> 1-Bromo-1-methylcyclohexane. <3> 1-Methylcyclohexane. <4> Cyclohexane
Output: chemistry
Question: Question linked to image nº2 A 67-year-old woman with a history of poorly controlled hypertension, undergoing insulin treatment for diabetes mellitus and controlled by a hematology service for the study of myelodysplastic syndrome. Three weeks ago, a pustular lesion with necrotic borders began to grow, causing a large ulcer to appear with the appearance shown in the attached image. Intense pain. Which of the following diagnoses do you think is most likely? 
 Options:  <0> Specific cutaneous infiltration of its myeloproliferative process. <1> Necrobiois lipoidica. <2> Ulcer due to diabetic microangiopathy. <3> Pyoderma gangrenosum. <4> Hypertensive ulcer.
Output: medicine
Question: What is the name of the specialty of the History of Nursing that is dedicated to the study of existing care systems in Prehistory? 
 Options:  <0> Paleodermia. <1> Neo-nursing <2> Primo Nursing. <3> Ethno-nursing <4> Meso-nursing
Output: nursery
Question: The fermentation of glucose used by Escherichia coli is: 
 Options:  <0> Lactic <1> Propionic <2> Alcoholic <3> Butyric <4> Acid-mixed.
Output: biology
Question: Phosphofructokinase-1: 
 Options:  <0> Participates in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. <1> It catalyzes an easily reversible reaction. <2> It is an enzyme with allosteric regulation. <3> Directly transfers a Pi to fructose6P. <4> Produce ATP.
Output: biology
Question: The reaction of a halogenated derivative with triphenylphosphine leads to a salt of: 
 Options:  <0> Sulfonium. <1> Diazonio. <2> Ammonium. <3> Pyridinium <4> Phosphonium
Output: chemistry
Question: In chromatography, the dead time can be defined as: 
 Options:  <0> The time between the injection of a sample and the appearance of a solute peak in the detector. <1> The factor that indicates the amount of time a solute spends in the stationary phase in relation to the time spent in the mobile phase. <2> The time it takes for a non-retained species to pass through a chromatographic column. <3> The time it takes for the analyte to pass through the chromatographic detector. <4> The relationship between the average linear velocity and the packing length of the column.
Output: chemistry
Question: A patient diagnosed with angina will NOT recommend: 
 Options:  <0> Alternating activity with periods of rest. <1> Take oral nitroglycerin in the morning. <2> Avoid extreme cold. <3> Follow a diet rich in fiber. <4> Leave the tobacco.
Output: nursery
Question: The evaluation of a health program must consider: 
 Options:  <0> The need of the program. <1> The results achieved. <2> The performance of resources. <3> The fulfillment of the anticipated times. <4> All the previous answers are correct.
Output: nursery
Question: The volume overload of the left ventricle appears in: 
 Options:  <0> Stenosis of heart valves. <1> Coarctation of the aorta. <2> Resting angina. <3> The insufficiencies of the heart valves. <4> Rheumatic fever.
Output: medicine
Question: Glycogenesis: 
 Options:  <0> It is a very active pathway in all tissues. <1> It is activated by insulin. <2> All their reactions occur in the mitochondria. <3> One of its substrates is ribose. <4> It is produced in the liver.
Output: biology
Question: A 29-year-old woman, obese, with no history of interest, who consulted for a bilateral, intense, pulsatile headache lasting one month, accompanied by horizontal diplopia and episodes of monocular amaurosis of seconds duration. The exploration is normal, except for the presence of bilateral papilledema. Which of these tests do you think will allow you to fully confirm your diagnosis ?: 
 Options:  <0> Ultrasound of supra-aortic trunks. <1> Magnetic resonance of the skull. <2> Electroencephalogram. <3> Lumbar puncture. <4> Visual evoked potentials.
Output: medicine
Question: Which enzyme uses FAD as a coenzyme? 
 Options:  <0> Isocitrate dehydrogenase. <1> Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase. <2> Succinate dehydrogenase. <3> Malate dehydrogenase. <4> Lactate dehydrogenase.
Output: pharmacology
Question: Which of the following is the central characteristic of the stage of formal operations according to Piaget ?: 
 Options:  <0> The solution of conservation problems. <1> The reversibility in thought. <2> The overcoming of egocentrism. <3> The theory of the mind <4> The hypothetical-deductive thought.
Output: psychology