niryuu/sni-each-converted huggingface dataset:
Question: The effect of anti-D gammaglobulin given to Rh negative women who have developed an Rh positive fetus is: 
 Options:  <0> Eliminate fetal red blood cells from maternal blood. <1> Destroy the antigens formed by the mother's immune system. <2> Avoid the formation of anti-Rh negative antibodies. <3> Induce the formation of maternal antibodies against fetal antigen. <4> Provide the woman with permanent active immunity.
Output: nursery
Question: Before a 7-month-old girl who comes to the emergency room with a picture suggestive of bronchiolitis, what would be the most probable etiologic agent? 
 Options:  <0> Adenovirus. <1> Parainfluenza virus 1 <2> Influenza B virus <3> Bocavirus <4> Respiratory syncytial virus.
Output: medicine
Question: The interruption of the naso-oral airflow accompanied by muscular respiratory efforts that are not sufficient to open the upper airways, constitutes: 
 Options:  <0> The main side effect of electroshock. <1> A symptom of the heroin withdrawal syndrome. <2> An effect of the amnestic syndrome. <3> The apneic episode <4> The acute phase of social phobia.
Output: psychology
Question: Which of these statements is FALSE regarding stupor? 
 Options:  <0> It is an alteration of consciousness. <1> It can occur in melancholy. <2> It supposes a reversible state by moderate stimuli. <3> The term is used in states of mutism and reduction of motor activity. <4> In Neurology it is a state that precedes coma.
Output: medicine
Question: The conversion of pyruvate into ethanol and CO2 by yeasts: 
 Options:  <0> It produces an extra amount of ATP. <1> Reduce the NAD +. <2> Reoxidates the NADPH that forms in glycolysis. <3> It allows glycolysis to continue even in the absence of oxygen. <4> Allows CO2 to be used in the synthesis of fatty acids.
Output: biology
Question: One of the most important and innovative contributions of behavioral dialectic therapy in the treatment of borderline personality disorder (BPD) is: 
 Options:  <0> The integration of the psychodynamic perspective and the behavioral perspective. <1> The incorporation of group therapy. <2> The introduction of written material for patients to support therapy. <3> The emphasis on acceptance and validation as a prerequisite for achieving change. <4> The treatment of patients with BPD in the context of family therapy.
Output: psychology
Question: According to the Code of Ethics, in their professional practice, the nurse / guarantor will guarantee and carry out a correct and adequate treatment for all the people who need it: 
 Options:  <0> Less in the assumptions of risks. <1> Regardless of your condition, age or circumstance. <2> Except in the case of patients legally declared dangerous. <3> But it can be exempted from its obligation only when dealing with infectious and contagious patients. <4> Except when the professional presents his objection in writing.
Output: nursery
Question: The maximum urinary excretion of a drug refers to: 
 Options:  <0> The maximum concentration of unchanged drug in urine. <1> The maximum speed at which the drug can be excreted unchanged by urine. <2> The amount of urine collected after 7 biological half-lives after the administration of the drug. <3> The total amount of drug that is excreted unaltered in urine after the administration of a certain dose. <4> The amount of unchanged drug recovered in urine at 24 hours after the administration of a certain dose.
Output: pharmacology
Question: In oxidative stress it is characteristic: 
 Options:  <0> Decrease in the concentration of oxidized glutathione. <1> Increase in the concentration of reduced glutathione. <2> Decreased production of reactive oxygen species. <3> Increase in the production of reactive oxygen species. <4> None of the previous are true.
Output: chemistry
Question: A 50-year-old man with a chronic bronchitis who was admitted for a pneumonic episode with a blood culture positive for Streptococcus pneumoniae, with a CMI at penicillin of 0.0125 mg / l. Treatment with 2 million penicillin is started every 4 hours. On the fifth day it continues with a fever of 38ºC. Which of the following decisions do you think is right? 
 Options:  <0> I would change the treatment to ceftriaxone because of its greater efficacy. <1> I would add a quinolone to the treatment. <2> I would switch to amoxicillin / clavulanic acid. <3> It would rule out the presence of a pleural empyema. <4> I would continue with the same treatment, assuming that it is simply a problem of time.
Output: medicine
Question: Which of the following characteristics of the genetic code is NOT CORRECT ?: 
 Options:  <0> The sequence of nitrogenous bases of a given gene has a fixed reading frame and no punctuation marks. <1> It is degenerate, because for many amino acids there is more than one codon that encodes it. <2> The degeneration of the genetic code supposes an adaptive mechanism that reduces the harmful effects of the mutations. <3> It is totally universal, allowing the heterologous expression of human proteins (eg insulin) in prokaryotic organisms such as E. coli. <4> Its reading is always done from the 5'-phosphate end towards the hydroxyl of the messenger RNA (mRNA).
Output: chemistry
Question: Which of the following products of triglyceride degradation and subsequent β-oxidation can undergo gluconeogenesis: 
 Options:  <0> Propionyl CoA. <1> Acetyl CoA <2> All the ketone bodies. <3> Some amino acids <4> β-Hydroxybutyrate.
Output: chemistry
Question: What is the relationship between turbidimetry and nephelometry? 
 Options:  <0> Nephelometry is the inverse of turbidimetry. <1> Turbidimetry is more sensitive than nephelometry. <2> Nephelometry can be measured with a conventional spectrophotometer. <3> Both technologies measure the dispersion of light. <4> Both technologies are the most sensitive and used in clinical laboratories.
Output: chemistry
Question: What construct refers to the degree to which people are able to express commitment, control and challenge in their actions, thoughts and feelings? 
 Options:  <0> Coping strategies. <1> Resistant personality <2> Subjective well-being. <3> Type A behavior pattern <4> Extraversion
Output: psychology
Question: A nurse who bases her professional practice on the Virginia Henderson conceptual model: 
 Options:  <0> It focuses on the fundamental needs of the person, and its interventions are aimed at preserving or restoring the independence of the person in meeting these needs. <1> He sees the care of the person as the establishment and maintenance of a nurse-client relationship that favors development. <2> He bases his actions on strategies to promote the adaptation of the person who is in constant interaction with a changing environment that influences their fundamental needs. <3> It considers in its care, as an authentic presence, the person who goes towards its actualization and who, through his health experiences, creates together to improve the quality of life, as the person and his family define it. <4> Organize your activity to meet the needs of care of the person, with the most appropriate system and nursing mode.
Output: nursery
Question: The speed of the electron transport chain: 
 Options:  <0> It depends on the concentration of oxygen. <1> Increases when the concentration of ATP increases. <2> It is determined by the need for ATP. <3> It is independent of ADP phosphorylation. <4> It increases when the concentration of NADH and FADH2 rises. 6
Output: chemistry
Question: A coulometric evaluation: 
 Options:  <0> You do not need the current performance to be 100%. <1> It does not need an indicator system of the end point. <2> Always use a potentiostatic system. <3> It uses a titrant that is generated electrolytically. <4> You need a burette to add the titrant.
Output: chemistry
Question: If in an epidemiological study, the participating population has voluntariness as an inclusion criterion, the validity of the results are subject to a bias of: 
 Options:  <0> Information. <1> Confusion. <2> Selection. <3> Interpretation. <4> Publication.
Output: nursery
Question: Question linked to the image nº4 34-year-old man, athlete, who presents a picture of oppressive, continuous chest pain radiating to the back that is accentuated with deep inspiration, of 4 days of evolution, without fever. It refers to a picture of tonsillitis 2 months ago. Rhythmic cardiac auscultation without murmurs. It does not present data of hemodynamic alteration or heart failure. Normal analytical, except for discrete leukocytosis. When you arrive at the emergency room, an ECG is performed, shown in the figure. While waiting for the result of markers of myocardial injury, the most likely diagnosis in this patient is: 
 Options:  <0> Subacute myocardial infarction anteroseptal. <1> Tietze syndrome. <2> Osteomuscular thoracic pain with athlete's ECG. <3> Acute pericarditis <4> Unstable angina.
Output: medicine
Question: Which of the following circumstances does NOT define a patient with chronic pathology? 
 Options:  <0> A 66-year-old woman diagnosed with hypertension, Crohn's disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus with diabetic retinopathy. <1> 75-year-old ex-smoker, FEV1 75%, IMC 25, creatinine 1.2, anxiety-depressive syndrome. Pfeiffer 30 and Barthel 100. <2> An 82-year-old man diagnosed with osteoarthritis, with Barthel 40, hypertension and pharmacologically controlled dyslipidemia and Alzheimer's disease. <3> A 55-year-old ex-smoker, diagnosed with symptomatic peripheral arteriopathy and ulcerative colitis. <4> A 70-year-old man with enolism, portal hypertension and immobilized at home for 5 years by ACV.
Output: medicine
Question: Calcitriol or active Vitamin D induces: 
 Options:  <0> Hypocalcemia <1> Synthesis of calbindin in enterocytes. <2> Calcium secretion in urine. <3> PTH secretion. <4> Decrease in intestinal absorption of phosphate.
Output: biology
Question: The most common cause of mildmoderate hemoptysis is: 
 Options:  <0> Bronchiectasis <1> Bronchogenic carcinoma <2> Hemorrhagic diathesis. <3> Pulmonary infarction. <4> Pneumonia.
Output: medicine
Question: What psychoanalytic author worked in a different way to Freud, sitting face to face, with sessions once a week and his treatment rarely exceeding one year? 
 Options:  <0> Alfred Adler <1> Carl Jung. <2> M. Klein. <3> A. Freud <4> J. Lacan.
Output: psychology
Question: All RNA (-) viruses present: 
 Options:  <0> Segmented genome. <1> Lipid envelope. <2> Helical nucleocapsid <3> Icosahedral nucleocapsid. <4> Reverse transcriptase.
Output: biology
Question: A 45-year-old man of Moroccan origin, who arrived in Spain three years ago, goes to the nurse's office, with a clean superficial wound, and tells us that six months after arrival he was given a dose of the diphtheriate bath vaccine. Of the following interventions, which is indicated ?: 
 Options:  <0> Start diphtheria tetanus vaccination. <1> Administration of the 2nd dose of tetanus diphtheria. <2> Administration of antitetanus gammaglobulin. <3> Administration of antitetanic gamma globulin and 2nd dose of diphtheria tetanus. <4> No intervention would be indicated since he has a dose of diphtheria tetanus.
Output: nursery
Question: What is the main cerebral structure involved in conditioned fear ?: 
 Options:  <0> The hippocampus <1> The cingulate cortex. <2> The olfactory bulb. <3> The hypothalamus <4> The amygdala
Output: psychology
Question: An allosteric modulator influences the activity of an enzyme: 
 Options:  <0> Competing with a substrate for the catalytic site. <1> Joining the enzyme at a site other than the catalytic site. <2> Changing the nature of the formed product. <3> Changing the specificity of the enzyme for the substrate. <4> Denaturing the enzyme.
Output: chemistry
Question: In which of the following entities is NOT the Epstein-Barr Virus involved? 
 Options:  <0> Infectious mononucleosis <1> Burkitt lymphoma. <2> Large B cell lymphoma in immunosuppressed patients. <3> Nasopharyngeal carcinoma <4> Cervical carcinoma
Output: medicine
Question: GH secretion: 
 Options:  <0> It stops after puberty. <1> Increase during the fast. <2> It decreases during sleep. <3> It is stimulated by somatostatin. <4> It is inhibited by exercise.
Output: biology
Question: The reaction between a ketone and a Grignard reagent causes, after hydrolysing the salt formed, a: 
 Options:  <0> Carboxylic ester. <1> Alcohol. <2> Ether. <3> Aldehyde. <4> Carboxylic acid.
Output: chemistry
Question: Diabetes mellitus type MODY (maturityonset diabetes of the young) is characterized by all the following EXCEPT: 
 Options:  <0> It is an autosomal dominant disorder. <1> It is characterized by a genetic defect in the function of beta cells of the pancreas. <2> Share the same HLA risk as Diabetes Mellitus type 1. <3> The patients have a slight fasting hyperglycemia. <4> They may need treatment with insulin for their control.
Output: medicine
Question: When using the Callista Roy model in practice, the organization of the factors that influence the person's responses are grouped as stimuli: 
 Options:  <0> Innatos and acquired. <1> Adaptive and ineffective <2> Focal, contextual and residual. <3> Internal and external. <4> Physiological, psychological and sociocultural.
Output: nursery
Question: Relating to topoisomerases: 
 Options:  <0> They are enzymes that convert the D-amino acids into L-amino acids. <1> They are enzymes that synthesize DNA. <2> They are enzymes that participate in the union of the subunits of the ribosome. <3> They are enzymes that denature DNA. <4> DNA gyrase is a special toposiomerase.
Output: chemistry
Question: Within the framework of the Theory of Self-Discrepancy (E.T. Higgins), aspects of the self that contain information about aspirations, goals, expectations or desires are called: 
 Options:  <0> I Real. <1> I Ideal <2> I should. <3> Selfconcept. <4> Ego.
Output: psychology
Question: Which of the following drugs has shown in controlled studies that can increase the effectiveness of exposure therapy in the treatment of specific phobias? 
 Options:  <0> Alprazolam <1> Quetiapine <2> D-cycloserine. <3> Bupropion. <4> Buspirona.
Output: psychology
Question: Which of the following answers is correct regarding a tRNA? 
 Options:  <0> The tRNA has an anticodon that recognizes the template DNA. <1> The amino acid is attached to the 5'-end. <2> It contains a polyA tail at its 3 'end. <3> It may contain pseudouridin and inosine. <4> It serves as a gene for some viruses.
Output: chemistry
Question: What is the biosynthetic route of terpenes in plants ?: 
 Options:  <0> They are synthesized by the mevalonic acid route or by the fatty acid route. <1> They are synthesized by the mevalonic acid route or by the deoxy-xylulose phosphate (DOXP) pathway also called GAP / Pyruvate. <2> They are synthesized by the mevalonic route and the sikimico route. <3> They are synthesized by the sikimic acid route or by the deoxy-xylulose phosphate (DOXP) pathway also called GAP / Pyruvate. <4> They are synthesized by the polyacetate route.
Output: pharmacology
Question: Legionella pneumophila is transmitted by: 
 Options:  <0> Air conditioning systems. <1> Contact between individuals. <2> Mosquito bite. <3> Contaminated food. <4> Fecal-oral route.
Output: biology
Question: They are involved in the lytic action of cytotoxic T lymphocytes: 
 Options:  <0> Granzimas <1> Opsonins. <2> Histamines <3> Integrins <4> Cathepsins.
Output: biology
Question: Question linked to image nº6 Which of the following medications would you not recommend: 
 Options:  <0> Nifedipine <1> Sildenafil <2> Prazosin <3> Atenolol. <4> Losartan
Output: medicine
Question: Which of the following techniques is considered, according to the available evidence, a well-established treatment in the case of childhood phobias: 
 Options:  <0> The training in HHSS. <1> The emotive images. <2> The therapy based on the game. <3> Systematic desensitization through eye movements. <4> The practice reinforced.
Output: psychology
Question: A 24-year-old woman is found lying on the street by some passers-by. When the emergency team arrived, they found it with an oxygen saturation of 88% breathing ambient air and a punctiform pupil examination. It is transferred to the nearest hospital emergency, where arterial blood gas analysis shows: pH 7.25, PaCO2 60 mmHg, PaO2 58 mmHg, bicarbonate of 26 mEq / L and excess of bases of -1. In blood sodium is 137 mEq / L and chloride 100 mEq / L. From a gasometric point of view, the patient has: 
 Options:  <0> Partial respiratory failure. <1> Metabolic acidosis. <2> Pure respiratory acidosis <3> Respiratory alkalosis due to lack of chlorine. <4> The gasometry can only be of venous blood.
Output: medicine
Question: The toxic effect of antimycin and cyanide is due to its interaction with: 
 Options:  <0> The systems of transport of fatty acids into the mitochondria. <1> The cytochromes of the mitochondrial electronic transport chain. <2> The enzymes of glycolysis. <3> The dehydrogenase enzymes of the citric acid cycle. <4> The enzymes that catalyze the replication of DNA.
Output: pharmacology
Question: They are essential for blood coagulation: 
 Options:  <0> Red blood cells. <1> White blood cells <2> Platelets. <3> The lymph. <4> Serum glucose
Output: biology
Question: A 70-year-old man presents, for a few months, without previous trauma, lumbar pain, difficulty walking, loss of strength and paresthesias in lower limbs, having to stop a few meters after starting it. The patient is increasingly inclining the trunk forward. What is the most likely diagnosis? 
 Options:  <0> Osteoporotic lumbar vertebral fracture. <1> Central herniated disc L5-S1. <2> Spondylodiscitis. <3> Stenosis of the lumbar canal. <4> Degenerative lumbar scoliosis.
Output: medicine
Question: For classical automaticity theories, what characterizes automatic versus controlled processes ?: 
 Options:  <0> The automatic processes are under control of the person's intentions. <1> Automatic processes consume great attentional capacity. <2> Automatic processes process information only sequentially. <3> Automatic processes consume a lot of time. <4> Automatic processes do not have to access conscious knowledge.
Output: psychology
Question: Gluconeogenesis is active in: 
 Options:  <0> Brain and nervous tissue. <1> Liver and renal cortex. <2> Erythrocytes <3> Testicles and renal medulla. <4> Skeletal muscle
Output: biology
Question: In eukaryotic cells the lipids of the membrane are synthesized mainly in: 
 Options:  <0> Rough endoplasmic reticulum. <1> Golgi apparatus. <2> Smooth endoplasmic reticulum. <3> Mitochondria <4> Ribosomes
Output: biology
Question: When you want to analyze the volatile components of a liquid or solid sample by gas chromatography, a headspace methodology (HS-GC) is usually used. In its static form: 
 Options:  <0> An aerosol is generated on the solid samples by passing a gas flow over it, which causes the transfer of volatile compounds to it. After a while, a volume of this gas is introduced into the column. <1> It is used to analyze a liquid in contact with a gas, by injecting a small volume of liquid into the head of the column. <2> The sample is placed in a vial with a volume of gas above, closed and thermostatted. Once the equilibrium between the two phases is reached, an aliquot of gas is introduced into the stream of the carrier gas that goes to the column. <3> The sample in liquid form is placed in a vial and closed. After a while, the same is opened so that the volatile components are balanced with those of the environment and subsequently, a volume of the gas surrounding the chromatograph is introduced. <4> An extraction of the liquid or solid sample is carried out to a gas that flows on it continuously.
Output: chemistry
Question: The forces that stabilize the alpha helix are: 
 Options:  <0> Intra-chain hydrogen bridges parallel to the axis of the helix. <1> Disulfide bridges between methionines. <2> Hydrogen bridges between chains perpendicular to the axis of the helix. <3> Van der Waals forces among the radicals. <4> Links between lysine radicals.
Output: biology
Question: In the case of epileptic seizures, which of these data would allow us to state that it is hysterical crisis, and not epileptic seizures? 
 Options:  <0> The presence of apnea. <1> That the EEG record is normal. <2> They appear both when the individual is alone or accompanied. <3> Bites appear on the tongue or injuries due to falls. <4> Urinary incontinence appears.
Output: psychology
Question: An important factor to be taken into account in drugs with a high degree of binding to plasma albumin is the concentration of this protein. Indicate which of the following assumptions the concentration of plasma albumin is reduced: 
 Options:  <0> Hypothyroidism <1> Neurosis. <2> Psychosis. <3> Multiple myeloma. <4> Schizophrenia.
Output: pharmacology
Question: Which of the following beliefs is part of the nuclear schemes of a schizoid personality disorder, according to the model of Cognitive Therapy? 
 Options:  <0> I'm better than the others. <1> The others are fools. <2> Being controlled by others is intolerable. <3> I need people to survive. <4> The others do not compensate me.
Output: psychology
Question: A nurse has detected, on different occasions, a real problem in the patients she attends that does not correspond to any of the diagnoses contained in the NANDA classification. The way to proceed so that it can be included in the taxonomy is to propose a structure that contains at least: 
 Options:  <0> The problem. The etiology Signs and symptoms <1> The problem. The etiology Signs and symptoms Studies of the cases and their results. <2> The problem defined. The most common and possible etiologies. Major and minor characteristics that indicate the existence of the problem. At least the results of an experimental study. <3> The label. Definition. Defining characteristics. Related factors Bibliographic support Appropriate interventions and results. <4> The label. Definition. Defining characteristics. Related factors Risk factor's. Bibliographic support Appropriate interventions and results.
Output: nursery
Question: The near infrared is the area of ​​the electromagnetic spectrum comprised between: 
 Options:  <0> 100-250 nm. <1> 200-450 nm. <2> 600-750 nm. <3> 800-2500 nm. <4> 3000-8000 nm.
Output: chemistry
Question: The Baltimore system of virus classification is based on: 
 Options:  <0> The type of genetic material (DNA or RNA) they possess. <1> The morphology of their virions. <2> The replication of the genome and the synthesis process of its mRNA. <3> The symmetry of the capsid. <4> The presence or absence of wrapping.
Output: biology
Question: Grapefruit juice is: 
 Options:  <0> A potent enzyme inducer of cytochrome P450 (CYP3A4). <1> A potent enzyme inhibitor of cytochrome P450 (CYP3A4). <2> A promoter of the absorption of drugs administered orally. <3> An advisable food to increase the bioavailability of drugs of acidic nature. <4> A food without consequence in the kinetics of disposal of drugs eliminated by metabolism in which cytochrome P450 is involved.
Output: pharmacology
Question: The oxygen we consume in the respiratory chain is transformed into: 
 Options:  <0> Acetyl-CoA. <1> Carbon dioxide. <2> Carbon monoxide. <3> Water. <4> Carbonic acid.
Output: biology
Question: The History of Nursing is narrated around the relationships between the different elements and the factors that define periods or stable phases of history, called: 
 Options:  <0> Domestic; Preprofessional; Religious and Postprofessional. <1> Tribal / Domestic; Religious / Institutional; Preprofessional and Professional. <2> Tribal; Religious; Domestic and Institutional. <3> Tribal / Domestic; Antigua / Relational; Scientific / Professional and Postprofessional. <4> Empirical Vocational and Scientific.
Output: nursery
Question: Which vector would be used to clone a DNA fragment up to 15 Kb ?: 
 Options:  <0> BAC. <1> Plasmid <2> Cosmic <3> YAK. <4> Phage
Output: biology
Question: Question linked to image nº6 29-year-old woman smoker. Consultation for nocturnal cough and dyspnea on exertion. Provides a chest CT performed at your health center (see image). What is the radiological diagnosis of suspicion? 
 Options:  <0> Mediastinal broadening. <1> Bibasal interstitial infiltrate. <2> Aortic dilatation <3> Atelectasia lobar. <4> Growth of right cavities.
Output: medicine
Question: The bile produced by the liver is stored in the gallbladder from where it is secreted into the duodenum when the muscles involved receive this order in the form of hormonal and nervous signals mediated by: 
 Options:  <0> Colecitocinin and beta-adrenergic sympathetic activation. <1> Pancreozimine and beta-adrenergic sympathetic activation. <2> Secretin and parasympathetic activation. <3> Cholecystokinin and parasympathetic activation. <4> Secretin and alphaadrenergic sympathetic activation.
Output: pharmacology
Question: The arenio ion is a reaction intermediate that is formed in the reactions of: 
 Options:  <0> Electrophilic addition. <1> Electrophilic aromatic substitution. <2> Nucleophilic substitution. <3> Nucleophilic addition. <4> Aromatic nucleophilic substitution.
Output: chemistry
Question: The nucleosomes are: 
 Options:  <0> Only in hetrochromatin. <1> Only in euchromatin. <2> Only in the chromosomes. <3> In euchromatin, in heterochromatin and in chromosomes. <4> In all types of chromatin, but not in chromosomes.
Output: biology
Question: Hyperoxia or oxygen toxicity can cause signs and symptoms such as: 
 Options:  <0> Substernal pain <1> Paresthesias of the extremities. <2> Fatigue and general malaise. <3> Dyspnea and progressive respiratory distress. <4> All are true.
Output: nursery
Question: Linear scanning polarography uses a working electrode of: 
 Options:  <0> Drops of mercury <1> Iodine drops <2> Platinum. <3> Calomelanos <4> Drops of cerium nitrate.
Output: chemistry
Question: The standard equilibrium constant for a reaction between ideal gases: 
 Options:  <0> It depends on the initial quantities of the reagents. <1> It takes different values ​​if the reaction is carried out at different pressures. <2> It depends on the volume of the vessel in which the reaction is carried out. <3> It only depends on the temperature. <4> It depends on the nature of the gases.
Output: chemistry
Question: On Tuesday after dinner an eight-year-old boy asks permission to play with the video game console, but the parents refuse because it is too late and he has to go to bed the next day. The child starts giving the murga until the parents give in. According to the theoretical approach of Patterson's family coercion process, what happens to the parental giving behavior? 
 Options:  <0> It is punished positively. <1> It is punished negatively. <2> Extinguishes. <3> It is reinforced positively. <4> It is reinforced negatively.
Output: psychology
Question: In the treatment of heart failure: 
 Options:  <0> Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARA II) have shown superiority over angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and should be the first therapeutic option. <1> Aldosterone antagonists have not shown prognostic improvement, being contraindicated in patients with advanced systolic dysfunction and functional grade IV. <2> Beta-blockers have been shown to decrease mortality in patients with decreased ejection fraction. <3> Cardiac resynchronization pacemaker therapy is indicated in patients with systolic dysfunction whenever the QRS is narrow (less than 120 msg). <4> The implantation of automatic defibrillators is contraindicated in patients with ventricular dysfunction, especially if it is caused by ischemia.
Output: medicine
Question: The tungsten is a very important element from the technological point of view, which is used, among other things, in the steel industry. But his interest extends to other scientific fields, due to: 
 Options:  <0> Which is one of the essential elements for life are human beings and animals. <1> Which is liquid in the range 27ºC-2500ºC, which explains its use in high temperature thermometers. <2> Its inability to react with oxygen even at such high temperatures as heating to red. <3> Its total resistance to fluoride even at temperatures as high as heating to red. <4> Its great mechanical resistance.
Output: chemistry
Question: Which of the following is currently the only contraindication for conservative surgical treatment in breast cancer? 
 Options:  <0> Prior radiotherapy. <1> Tumor of 4 cm. <2> Axillary metastasis. <3> Multifocal tumor <4> Pregnancy of 32 weeks.
Output: medicine
Question: A pregnant woman of 31 weeks goes to the emergency department referring loss of fluid through the vagina. Objective speculum exploration of clear fluid through the external cervical os. It is apyletic. The cardiotocographic record does not reveal contractions and the fetal heart rate is normal. The ultrasound scan reveals no malformations and the cervix is ​​not shortened. What therapeutic combination would it indicate? 
 Options:  <0> Tocolytics, corticosteroids and antibiotics. <1> Tocolytics and antibiotics. <2> Tocolytics and corticosteroids. <3> Oxytocin, corticosteroids and antibiotics. <4> Corticosteroids and antibiotics
Output: medicine
Question: Indicate the net charge of an amino acid with a neutral R group for a pH value below its pI: 
 Options:  <0> Negative net charge. <1> Positive net charge. <2> Without charge. <3> It is necessary to know the exact pH value to answer this question. <4> It is necessary to know the concentration of the amino acid to answer this question.
Output: chemistry
Question: A confidence interval to estimate the population mean will be more precise when: 
 Options:  <0> The lower the confidence level. <1> The greater the dispersion of the sample. <2> The smaller the sample size. <3> The greater the typical sampling error. <4> The higher the confidence level.
Output: biology
Question: The main autocrine growth factor for most T lymphocytes after antigen recognition is: 
 Options:  <0> Interleukin 2 <1> Interleukin 4 <2> Interleukin 10 <3> TGF-beta. <4> All the previous ones
Output: biology
Question: Which of the following hydrides has the highest normal boiling point? 
 Options:  <0> SiH4. <1> CH4 <2> HCl. <3> PH3. <4> HF
Output: pharmacology
Question: It is a Th1 cytokine: 
 Options:  <0> IL-1. <1> IL-2. <2> IL-3. <3> IL-4. <4> IL-5
Output: biology
Question: The immersion oil used for microscopic observation: 
 Options:  <0> Protects the sample from the oxidizing effect of air. <1> Lubricate the objective lens. <2> Reduces refraction and increases resolution. <3> It acts as a lens that increases magnification. <4> Avoid dehydration of the preparation.
Output: biology
Question: What happens to the kinetic parameters of a michael enzyme in the presence of a competitive inhibitor ?: 
 Options:  <0> Vmax decreases, Km increases. <1> Vmax decreases, Km decreases. <2> Vmax decreases, Km does not change. <3> Vmax does not vary, Km increases. <4> Vmax does not vary, Km decreases.
Output: chemistry
Question: The synthesis with malonic ester is an important method to prepare: 
 Options:  <0> Ketones <1> Aldehydes. <2> Alcohols <3> Amides <4> Acids
Output: chemistry
Question: Th1 lymphocytes: 
 Options:  <0> Activate B lymphocytes and eosinophils. <1> Activate macrophages and NK lymphocytes. <2> They secrete mainly IL-4. <3> They promote the production of IgE. <4> They are a type of Treg lymphocytes.
Output: biology
Question: Reactions in which there are no intermediates are described as: 
 Options:  <0> Concerted. <1> Polar <2> Radicals <3> Homolitic <4> Heterolithic
Output: chemistry
Question: Regarding the exploration of psychomotor development, the area of ​​language and sociability in a four-year-old child, which of the following findings can be considered a sign of alarm in the maturation process ?: 
 Options:  <0> Abrupt stop of the acquisition of skills or loss of some already acquired. <1> Hyperactivity He does not know how to entertain himself, he needs constant vigilance. <2> Excessive sociability; he goes with anyone indiscriminately. <3> Repeat questions instead of answering them. <4> All these situations are warning signs.
Output: nursery
Question: The limit of bacterial endotoxins established by the European Pharmacopoeia for water for injection is: 
 Options:  <0> 0.25 IU / ml. <1> 0.10 IU / ml. <2> 0 IU / ml. <3> 0.22 IU / ml. <4> 0.15 IU / ml.
Output: pharmacology
Question: In the psychological treatment of recurrent childhood nightmares: 
 Options:  <0> The parents are trained to extinguish, ignoring them, the manifestations of anxiety of the child who has suffered a nightmare. <1> The main objective is to ensure the physical safety of the child. <2> Exposure techniques and systematic desensitization are considered well-established treatments. <3> The technique of review in imagination is the one that has received the greatest empirical support. <4> There are no studies about the therapeutic efficacy of hypnosis.
Output: psychology
Question: The cell is destroyed to release the secretion: 
 Options:  <0> Merocrine <1> Apocrine <2> Endocrine <3> Holocrine <4> Paracrine
Output: biology
Question: The system of norms and sanctions that is established in a mandatory way for professionals based on professional ethics behaviors, is called: 
 Options:  <0> Professional bioethics <1> Practical ethics <2> Professional deontology. <3> Professional rights <4> Hierarchical moral code.
Output: nursery
Question: Point out the correct statement about the parent training program created by Barkley: 
 Options:  <0> Its main objective is to improve the social and communication skills of children. <1> Its main objective is to improve the children's self-control skills. <2> Prohibits the use of any type of punishment, including time out. <3> One of its objectives is to reduce the conflicts that may arise in the school context. <4> Sessions are held with the children in parallel with those of the parents.
Output: psychology
Question: Menopause is diagnosed by: 
 Options:  <0> The presence of more frequent and abundant cycles of what corresponds to each woman's own pattern. <1> The absence of menstruation in twelve consecutive months. <2> Symptoms derived from estrogen deprivation, such as insomnia, hot flashes or dry skin and mucous membranes. <3> The spacing of the rules, which are becoming increasingly infrequent. <4> Hormonal analyzes, densitometry, mammography and cytology.
Output: nursery
Question: Patient of 70 years with the only antecedent of being ex-alcoholic for 3 years and diagnosed with atrophic gastritis. Consultation for a 4-month evolution that began with distal and symmetrical paresthesias in the lower limbs and progressively added gait difficulty, this being impossible without help, and confusional episodes of paroxysmal presentation. On neurological examination, the cranial nerves are normal, have a slight bradypsychia, failures in deep sensation in four limbs, pseudo-dystonic attitude in the upper limbs, finger-nose dysmetria and bilateral knee heel with closed eyes, extenuated osteotendinous reflexes, bilateral Babinski and distal paresis in upper limbs. Point out the correct answer: 
 Options:  <0> Perform a blood count and determination of B12 when funicular myelosis is suspected. <1> Perform an MRI looking for atrophy of vermis and cerebellar foliae before the high suspicion of alcoholic cerebellar degeneration. <2> Initially, 100 mg of intravenous thiamine should be administered because of suspicion of Wernicke-Korsakoff encephalopathy. <3> The first thing to do would be a determination of natremia to rule out a central pontine myelinolysis. <4> Perform an electromyographic study when there is a high suspicion of primary lateral sclerosis.
Output: medicine
Question: The development of generic drugs is based on the evaluation of the bioequivalence of the generic compared to a reference product already marketed. This concept refers to: 
 Options:  <0> The evaluation of equivalence in clinical efficacy trials. <1> The assessment of similarity in clinical trials of tolerance. <2> The equivalence in the distribution process of a drug and, therefore, to the verification that it has the same concentrations in the place of action. <3> The evaluation of pharmacokinetic equivalence. <4> The verification of a similar effect of the factors that influence the bioavailability of a drug.
Output: medicine
Question: Many of the properties of liquid chromatography (HPLC) and capillary electrophoresis (CE) have to do with its flow profile. In this way, the flow profile is: 
 Options:  <0> Laminate in HPLC and turbulent in CE. <1> Straight in CE and turbulent in HPLC. <2> Hyperbolic in EC and parabolic in HPLC. <3> Laminar in CE and electroosmotic in HPLC. <4> Parabolic in HPLC and flat in CE.
Output: chemistry
Question: The set of means and systems that facilitate the contact of the infectious agent with the recipient subject corresponds to: 
 Options:  <0> Source of infection. <1> Habitat. <2> Transmission mechanism. <3> Biotope <4> Reservoir.
Output: nursery
Question: What is onychomycosis ?: 
 Options:  <0> An infection of the oral mucosa and gums of infants produced by Candida albicans. <1> A brain abscess in immunosuppressed caused by Aspergillus spp. <2> An infection of the nails by fungi dermatophytes. <3> A serious variety of acne in which fungal species also participate. <4> A lung infection caused by Pneumocystis jirovecii.
Output: pharmacology
Question: What is the name of the distance between what a child is capable of doing for himself and what he is capable of doing if an adult, or another more capable child, helps him ?: 
 Options:  <0> Scaffolding. <1> Self-regulation. <2> Tertiary circular reaction. <3> Near (or proximal) development zone. <4> Shared attention area.
Output: psychology
Question: In animals, where is most of the extracellular material components synthesized ?: 
 Options:  <0> In the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. <1> In the rough endoplasmic reticulum. <2> In the extracellular layer itself. <3> In the plasma membrane. <4> In the cytoplasm of the cell.
Output: chemistry
Question: In the nursing consultation the Pfeiffer test is being applied to F. P. of 80 years. From this instrument it has been described that: 
 Options:  <0> Unlike other cognitive assessment scales, it only values ​​memory and orientation. <1> It is very sensitive to detect small changes in the evolution of cognitive deterioration. <2> The alteration of the test is sufficient to establish the diagnosis of dementia. <3> It is the most comprehensive and complete of all cognitive assessment scales. <4> It does not detect very mild cognitive impairments.
Output: nursery
Question: Which of the nucleophiles listed below has a greater reactivity to the bimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction? 
 Options:  <0> Hydroxide. <1> I last. <2> Ammonia. <3> Water. <4> Acetic acid.
Output: chemistry
Question: Of the following statements of the electron transport chain. Which is true ?: 
 Options:  <0> An FADH molecule can generate up to 2.5 molecules of ATP. <1> One molecule of NADH can generate up to 1.5 molecules of ATP. <2> Electrons flow from more positive reduction potentials to more negative reduction potentials. <3> Complex II (used by FADH2) does not transfer protons to the intermembrane space. <4> Complex III uses copper (Cu) atoms as cofactors.
Output: chemistry
Question: The excitatory postsynaptic potentials: 
 Options:  <0> They are all or nothing. <1> They are hyperpolarizing. <2> They can be added. <3> They spread long distances. <4> They present a refractory period.
Output: biology
Question: In the treatment of major depressive disorder, what are the advantages of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) compared to tricyclic antidepressants? 
 Options:  <0> They are more effective. <1> They have been used for a longer time, while tricyclic antidepressants are more modern and are not well known. <2> They have fewer side effects. <3> Its efficacy has been proven in controlled studies, while tricyclic antidepressants have not yet been evaluated in controlled studies. <4> They have no clear advantage.
Output: psychology
Question: Gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is the most commonly used chromatographic coupled technique. The main difficulty of the coupling is in: 
 Options:  <0> The analysis of molecular ions in the same place where they are generated. <1> The production of highly fragmented ions with accelerated electron generation. <2> The increase in the output flow rate of the chromatograph, which can not exceed nL / min. <3> The obtaining of the bidimensional spectrum that allows the separation in function of the relationship q / r. <4> The introduction into the high vacuum of the mass analyzer, of a compound that is at an atomospheric pressure.
Output: chemistry
Question: The degenerative neurological disorder that occurs as a result of degeneration and loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons is called: 
 Options:  <0> Phenylketonuria <1> Transmissible spongiform encephalopathy or TSE. <2> Multiple sclerosis. <3> Huntington's disease <4> Parkinson's disease
Output: psychology
Question: Naloxone is used in the treatment of poisoning with: 
 Options:  <0> Opiates <1> Benzodiazepines. <2> Barbiturates <3> Tricyclic antidepressants. <4> Digitálicos.
Output: pharmacology
Question: It is well associated with its function: 
 Options:  <0> Ribosomal RNA - messenger preRNA processing. <1> Messenger RNA - amino acid binding. <2> MicroRNA - inhibition of the translation of messenger RNA. <3> Transfer RNA - structural component of the ribosome. <4> Small interference RNA - processing of ribosomal RNA.
Output: biology
Question: The reaction conditions for the preparation of 2-methyl-2-methoxypropan-1-ol from 2,2-dimethyloxirane are: 
 Options:  <0> Methanol in acid medium. <1> Lithium aluminum hydride in methanol. <2> Methylmagnesium bromide and subsequent hydrolysis. <3> Sodium methoxide in methanol. <4> Triphenylphosphine in methanol.
Output: chemistry
Question: The tube of very small diameter and about 6 meters in length that runs along the posterolateral side of the testicle and connects with the vas deferens, is it called? 
 Options:  <0> Prostate. <1> Epididymis <2> Urethra. <3> Epéndimo. <4> Seminiferous tubule.
Output: pharmacology
Question: As to the height of the plate (H) in a column chromatographic separation it can be said that: 
 Options:  <0> It is inversely proportional to the variance (standard deviation of the band). <1> It is directly proportional to the number of theoretical plates and inversely proportional to the length of the column. <2> It is directly proportional to the variance and inversely proportional to the distance traveled by the center of the band to the detector (L). <3> It is directly proportional to the variance and distance traveled by the center of the band to the detector (L). <4> It does not depend on the variance or the distance traveled by the center of the band.
Output: pharmacology
Question: What sequence of RNA bases will be produced when the AGGCCTTTACGC DNA fragment is transcribed ?: 
 Options:  <0> TCCGGAAATGCG. <1> AGGCCUUUACGC. <2> UGGCCUUUUGCG <3> UGGCCUUUUCGC. <4> UCCGGAAAUGCG.
Output: chemistry
Question: What is called brief, sudden, simple muscle contractions that resemble shocks or shocks that affect muscles or muscle groups? 
 Options:  <0> Hemiballismic movements. <1> Athetosic movements. <2> Spasmodic movements. <3> Myoclonic movements. <4> Dystonic movements.
Output: psychology
Question: The clinical specificity of an analytical parameter (test), with respect to a certain pathology, is defined as: 
 Options:  <0> The mean concentrations of this test in healthy patients. <1> A pathological concentration of the test in the presence of the disease. <2> A pathological concentration of the test in the absence of the disease. <3> A normal concentration of the test in the absence of the disease. <4> A normal concentration of the test in the presence of the disease.
Output: chemistry
Question: The use of monolithic columns and continuous beds in liquid chromatography is already very common. To this end: 
 Options:  <0> Microporous membranes are used so that the interaction between a solute and the matrix takes place in the final part of the pore. <1> A separation medium is introduced with a greater degree of continuity than the stationary particle phase so that the mobile phase is forced to traverse the large pores of the medium, improving mass transport. <2> Monodisperse particles are used as a stationary phase in order to improve mass transfer. <3> Flexible organic gels are used from microporous polymers in order to decrease the flow rates. <4> Columns filled with small particles of polymerized silica are used.
Output: chemistry
Question: The basal diet, normal or regular, is characterized by: 
 Options:  <0> Be planned by the hotel industry. <1> To be the basic menu of young patients. <2> Always be with salt. <3> Provide around 2200 kcal / day. <4> Be individualized
Output: nursery
Question: During the exchange process in the capillaries, the net active force that attracts fluid from the interstitial space back into the capillaries is: 
 Options:  <0> Gravity. <1> Osmotic pressure of interstitial fluid. <2> Colloidal osmotic pressure of the plasma. <3> Hydrostatic blood pressure. <4> Glomerular hydrostatic pressure.
Output: nursery
Question: Question linked to image nº10 A 4-year-old and 6-month-old boy with a previous normal psychomotor development, which begins to present multiple episodes of medium disconnection with maintained tone and subtle rapid flashing of seconds throughout the day and learning difficulties in the last months. A waking electroencephalogram is performed. An image of the record is shown during the hyperventilation maneuver. What epileptic syndrome corresponds? 
 Options:  <0> Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. <1> Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. <2> Benign partial epilepsy of childhood with centrotemporal tips. <3> Childhood absence epilepsy. <4> West syndrome.
Output: medicine
Question: An isolated carbon atom is: 
 Options:  <0> Diamagnetic <1> Ferromagnetic. <2> Paramagnetic, with an unpaired electron. <3> Paramagnetic, with two unpaired electrons. <4> Paramagnetic, with three unpaired electrons.
Output: chemistry
Question: One of the main limitations of the behavioral treatment (exposure with prevention of response) of OCD is: 
 Options:  <0> His recent appearance. <1> The reduced efficacy compared to cognitive and pharmacological treatments. <2> The lack of an explanatory theoretical model. <3> The difficulty of application in cases of motor rituals. <4> The existence of a relevant percentage of patients who reject treatment because of its aversive nature.
Output: psychology
Question: A 52-year-old patient who reported dyspnea of ​​medium effort for 6 months. He has not presented angina or syncopes. The physical examination and diagnostic tests show the existence of an average aortic transvalvular gradient of 55 mmHg and a calculated area of ​​0.7 cm2. Ejection fraction of 65%. The treatment that should be indicated to this patient is: 
 Options:  <0> Diuretics and more frequent controls by a specialist. <1> In case of increasing dyspnea on exertion, a percutaneous dilatation of the aortic valve with a balloon catheter should be performed. <2> Replacement of the aortic valve with a prosthesis / bioprosthesis. <3> Replacement of the aortic valve by a homograft. <4> Implantation of a percutaneous valve.
Output: medicine
Question: The maturation process for the dendritic cell involves important changes in its physiology, such as: 
 Options:  <0> Decreased expression of the CCR7 marker. <1> Reduction of endocytic capacity. <2> Decreased expression of histocompatibility molecules. <3> Synthesis of IL-13. <4> Reduction of CD40 expression.
Output: pharmacology
Question: In a clinical trial, the non-inferiority of the HDP-MDI inhaler (experimental) was evaluated against the FDC-ELIPTUS inhaler (control). The lower clinically relevant limit was set at -50 ml in the forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1). The results showed an absolute difference in FEV1 between treatments of +8 mL in favor of the HDP-MDI inhaler (95% confidence interval: -59 ml to +67 ml). Point out the CORRECT answer: 
 Options:  <0> The new HDP-MDI inhaler is superior to the control inhaler. <1> The FDC-ELIPTUS inhaler is non-inferior to the experimental inhaler. <2> The study is not conclusive. <3> Both inhalers are equivalent. <4> The HDP-MDI inhaler is non-inferior to the control inhaler.
Output: medicine