niryuu/sni-each-converted huggingface dataset:
Question: A 24-year-old man with hypogonadism of hypothalamic origin secondary to operated craniopharyngioma, undergoing intramuscular treatment with testosterone undecanoate every 12 weeks, which is referred to us from another center for follow-up. The patient interrogates us in the initial visit about the follow-up of his basic pathology, possible adverse events of the hormonal treatment and probabilities of having offspring in the future. Which of the following statements is NOT correct? 
 Options:  <0> Serum testosterone levels should be measured just before each subsequent injection. <1> The goal of treatment is to maintain serum testosterone concentrations in the normal range of normality. <2> It is indicated to check the hematocrit on an annual basis. <3> Treatment with intramuscular testosterone for a prolonged period will increase the chances of conception with your partner. <4> The treatment with testosterone does not require the monitoring of luteinizing hormone concentrations.
Output: medicine
Question: Vitamin K is the specific antagonist for: 
 Options:  <0> Oral anticoagulants <1> Insulin. <2> Paracetamol. <3> Heparin. <4> Opiates
Output: nursery
Question: In the translation of prokaryotes, the first tRNA: 
 Options:  <0> It is introduced in site A. <1> Join a methylated amino acid. <2> It is accompanied by the IF2 factor. <3> It is paired with a UGA start codon. <4> Always join serina.
Output: biology
Question: When it comes to interviewing a person, in order to gather information about their situation, it is essential to bear in mind that: 
 Options:  <0> A distance of 20 cm., Makes the person feel more comfortable and provides more information. <1> The right space for each person depends on their personal and cultural needs. <2> Simple physical contact, such as putting your hand on the person interviewed, is always appropriate. <3> Women generally demand more space than men. <4> Anxiety makes the need for space less.
Output: nursery
Question: The antitussive dextromethorphan is an enantiomer of the O-methylated derivative of levorphanol that belongs to the structural family of: 
 Options:  <0> 6,7-Benzomorpanos. <1> Morfinanos. <2> 4-Phenylpiperidines. <3> Phenylpropalamine. <4> Oripavinas.
Output: pharmacology
Question: What type of epistasia explains the dihybrid phenotypic ratio of 13: 3 ?: 
 Options:  <0> Double dominant. <1> Simple recessive <2> Recessive dominant double. <3> Double recessive <4> Simple dominant.
Output: biology
Question: It has been proven that amphetamines have reinforcing effects because: 
 Options:  <0> They are GABAergic agonists. <1> They are dopaminergic antagonists. <2> They are serotonergic antagonists. <3> They are dopaminergic agonists. <4> They are serotonergic agonists.
Output: psychology
Question: Which of the following manifestations is an emergency for the pregnant woman ?: 
 Options:  <0> Appearance of varicose veins <1> Leucorrhea <2> Polaquiuria. <3> Intense headache <4> Sickness.
Output: nursery
Question: In mass spectrometry, the most common fragmentation pattern is the break in α, which cleaves the alkyl bond adjacent to the carbonyl to give: 
 Options:  <0> The corresponding acyl cation and an alkyl radical. <1> The corresponding acyl anion and an alkyl radical. <2> The corresponding acyl radical and an alkyl radical. <3> The corresponding acyl cation and an alkyl cation. <4> The corresponding acyl anion and an alkyl anion.
Output: chemistry
Question: In relation to the risk factors of cardiovascular diseases, which of the following statements is NOT correct? 
 Options:  <0> Regarding LDL cholesterol, the therapeutic objective depends on the global cardiovascular risk. <1> Type 2 diabetic patients should be considered at high cardiovascular risk and the objective in terms of LDL cholesterol should be <100 mg / dL. <2> There is not enough evidence that low levels of HDL cholesterol suppose a cardiovascular risk factor. <3> The important thing about the risk associated with hypertension is that it improves when blood pressure is reduced regardless of the type of drug used. <4> The existence of coronary disease in the family is a risk factor for the patient.
Output: medicine
Question: Indicate which of the following drugs has antihypertensive action: 
 Options:  <0> Pancuronium <1> Nitroprusside sodium <2> Procainamide <3> Salbutamol <4> Clarithromycin
Output: nursery
Question: The papillary muscles: 
 Options:  <0> They contract atrio-ventricular valves. <1> They prevent the reflux of blood to the atria. <2> They avoid the eversion of the semilunar valves. <3> They form the interventricular septum. <4> They are formed by visceral smooth muscle.
Output: biology
Question: Which of the following answers is true about the HLA molecules? 
 Options:  <0> They are very polymorphic nuclear proteins. <1> They are divided into molecules of class IgG, IgA and IgM. <2> They join peptides and present them on the cell surface. <3> They interact with cytokines to modulate the immune response. <4> They are monomorphic.
Output: medicine
Question: The screening tool devised by Stratton and Col (2004) to evaluate malnutrition in patients admitted to hospitals is: 
 Options:  <0> Screening Tool (MUST). <1> CONUT. <2> IMC <3> Valuation of intake. <4> INFORNUT.
Output: nursery
Question: Question linked to image no. 14 A 68-year-old man consults for a loss of general condition in the form of asthenia and anorexia and loss of 12 Kg in the last three months. The physical examination only shows a thin patient and the lesion on the soles of the feet that can be seen in the figure. What do you think is the most likely diagnosis and / or most appropriate attitude? 
 Options:  <0> I would look for immune suppression factors, because the lesion seems to correspond to a Norwegian scabies. <1> The skin lesion looks like a callus in a physiological support area, so for now, I would not consider it related to the loss of the general state. <2> The lesion suggests a palmo-plantar form of psoriasis. <3> It seems a form of diffuse seborrheic keratosis associated with age. <4> It suggests a paraneoplastic plantar keratoderma.
Output: medicine
Question: In strict vegetarians, a lack of one of the following vitamins may appear: 
 Options:  <0> B12 vitamin. <1> Vitamin C. <2> Retinol <3> Folate <4> Niacin
Output: nursery
Question: Olive oil has the following nutrients in its composition, EXCEPT: 
 Options:  <0> Cholesterol. <1> Oleic acid. <2> Antioxidants <3> Vitamin E. <4> Linoleic acid.
Output: nursery
Question: With respect to effective psychological treatments for depression, it can be stated that: 
 Options:  <0> They are more expensive treatments (in terms of efficiency) than psychotropic drugs. <1> They have been proposed by the NICE guide (National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence) as the second treatment of choice for those cases in which the drugs have not been shown to be effective. <2> In general, those psychological treatments that use active methodologies, limited in time and structured, tend to be more effective. <3> They generate a similar number of dropouts than pharmacological therapy. <4> They generate a higher level of stigma than pharmacological therapies.
Output: psychology
Question: By what experimental procedure can we evaluate the implicit memory ?: 
 Options:  <0> The repetition priming. <1> The partial report technique. <2> The technique of the total report. <3> The method of savings. <4> The free memory.
Output: psychology
Question: He is presented with a cohort study involving 1000 female smokers and 2000 non-smoking women of the same age. If, after 5 years, 30 smokers and 20 nonsmoking women have experienced a stroke, what would be the relative risk and the attributable risk? 
 Options:  <0> Relative risk = 3, attributable risk = 10 out of every 1000. <1> Relative risk = 3, attributable risk = 20 out of every 1000. <2> Relative risk = 1.5, attributable risk = 10 out of every 1000. <3> Relative risk = 1.5, attributable risk = 30 out of 1000. <4> Relative risk = 10 out of 1000, attributable risk = 3.
Output: medicine
Question: We want to compare the means of two populations that follow normal distributions and have the same variance. We take two samples of size n1 and n2. When constructing a confidence interval we will have to calculate a value t for a Student's T distribution with: 
 Options:  <0> 2 degrees of freedom. <1> n1 + n2 - 2 degrees of freedom. <2> (n1 + n2) - 1 degrees of freedom. <3> (n1 x n2) / 2 degrees of freedom. <4> Degrees of freedom calculated with the formula of Welch or Smith-Satterwhite.
Output: pharmacology
Question: Which of the mentioned vasoactive substances preferentially contracts the glomerular efferent arterioles in most physiological states? 
 Options:  <0> Adrenalin. <1> Noradrenaline <2> Endothelin <3> Angiotensin II. <4> Bradykinin
Output: medicine
Question: In the regulation of glycogen metabolism by adrenaline: 
 Options:  <0> Adenylate cyclase is inhibited. <1> Protein kinase A is inhibited through cAMP. <2> Glycogen synthetase is inhibited by phosphorylation. <3> Glycogen phosphorylase is inhibited by phosphorylation. <4> The main enzyme that carries it out is protein kinase C.
Output: biology
Question: Ferrous oxide, known as wustite (FeO) is non-stoichiometric because it contains: 
 Options:  <0> Excess iron <1> Oxygen excess <2> Iron defect. <3> Oxygen defect. <4> Defect of iron and oxygen.
Output: chemistry
Question: The antibiotic tetracycline: 
 Options:  <0> It binds to the 30S subunit and inhibits the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA. <1> Inhibits the peptidyltransferase activity of the 50S ribosomal subunit. <2> It binds to the 50S ribosomal subunit and inhibits translocation. <3> It inhibits the initiation and originates an erroneous reading of the mRNA. <4> It causes premature termination by acting as an analog of the aminoacyl-tRNA.
Output: pharmacology
Question: A 72-year-old man with a pathological fracture in the left femur goes to the Emergency Department. After the surgical intervention, the diagnostic study was performed to find out the underlying pathology with the following findings: hemoglobin 9.5 g / dl, total protein 11 g / dl, (VN: 6-8 g / dl), serum albumin 2 g / dl, (VN 3.5-5.0 g / dl), beta 2 microglobulin 6 mg / l (VN 1.1-2.4 mg / l), serum creatinine 1.8 mg / dl (VN: 0 , 1-1.4 mg / dl). Indicate what would be the diagnostic tests necessary to confirm the most probable diagnosis: 
 Options:  <0> Radiological bone series and bone marrow aspiration. <1> Serum and urinary electrophoresis and renal function tests. <2> Bone marrow aspirate and serum calcium concentration. <3> Bone marrow aspiration and serum and urinary electrophoresis. <4> Biopsy of the pathological fracture and radiological bone series.
Output: medicine
Question: Which of the following diseases is NOT transmitted by tick bite? 
 Options:  <0> Lyme's desease. <1> Recurrent fever due to Borrelia hispanica. <2> Mediterranean botanical fever. <3> Rocky mountain spotted fever by R. rickettsii. <4> Exanthematic typhus
Output: medicine
Question: What self-care recommendations for discharge would you give to a patient with epistaxis? 
 Options:  <0> Sneeze with your mouth closed. <1> Perform deep breaths and instil saline into nostrils. <2> Blow your nose hard. <3> Avoid activities that involve physical effort. <4> Adopt the Fowler position.
Output: nursery
Question: Generates blunt DNA fragments the restriction enzyme: 
 Options:  <0> Bam HI. <1> Hae III. <2> Hind III. <3> Eco RI. <4> Eco RII.
Output: biology
Question: The CD40 ligand molecule (CD40L or CD154) is expressed in: 
 Options:  <0> Virgin T lymphocytes. <1> Activated T lymphocytes <2> NK lymphocytes. <3> Virgin B lymphocytes. <4> B activated lymphocytes.
Output: pharmacology
Question: The ARP2 / 3 complex: 
 Options:  <0> It is an intermediate filament nucleator agent. <1> It is located in the centrosome. <2> It is responsible for the branching of the actin filaments. <3> It is part of the nuclear sheet. <4> Involved in the formation of transport vesicles.
Output: biology
Question: For R.B. Cattell, the T data would correspond to the information collected through: 
 Options:  <0> Self-reports <1> Third party evaluation scales. <2> Objective tests. <3> A questionnaire like the 16PF. <4> The grid technique.
Output: psychology
Question: A neutral gene mutation: 
 Options:  <0> Change a coding codon by another synonym without altering the amino acid sequence of the protein. <1> A coding codon changes with a different one and the protein is functionally different. <2> It generates a non-functional protein. <3> It changes the amino acid sequence of the protein without altering its function. <4> Suppresses the effect of a previous mutation.
Output: biology
Question: The most commonly used data to study the phylogenetic relationship between bacteria is: 
 Options:  <0> The cytosine-guanine composition of their DNA. <1> The degree of DNA-DNA hybridization. <2> The amino acid sequence of ribosomal proteins. <3> The nucleotide sequence of 16S ribosomal RNA. <4> The composition of the cell wall.
Output: biology
Question: When a person is affected by a major stressful event or many minor stressful daily events, your body can react by showing up in the target organs by the action of: 
 Options:  <0> Autonomic neural axis producing prolonged effects. <1> Peripheral neural axis producing intermediate effects. <2> Neuroendocrine axis stimulating the adrenal medulla and producing immediate effects. <3> Hypothalamus <4> Endocrine axis on the spinal cord.
Output: nursery
Question: Burkitt's lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma are related to infection by: 
 Options:  <0> Herpes human virus type 6. <1> Cytomegalovirus. <2> Respiratory syncytial virus. <3> Epstein-Barr virus. <4> HIV.
Output: pharmacology
Question: The surgical treatment of COPD, or lung volume reduction surgery, is currently a therapeutic weapon more within the multidisciplinary treatment of it. Which of the following statements is correct? 
 Options:  <0> The indication for surgical treatment will be in those patients who have moderate / severe congestive heart failure at the same time. <1> The presence of a pulmonary artery systolic pressure lower than 45 is an absolute contraindication. <2> COPD with emphysematous predominance in lower and middle lobes associated with pleural pathology is associated with better results. <3> The presence of a diffuse distribution of emphysema with FEV1> 20% and DLCO <20% are indicators of good prognosis. <4> Pre-surgical rehabilitation along with the distribution of emphysema in the upper lobes and the ability to perform postoperative physical exercise makes the results of the surgery beneficial.
Output: medicine
Question: A fundamental breakthrough in management took place through the creation, by a Yale University team, of a classification system for hospitalization episodes, which were called: 
 Options:  <0> International Classification of Diseases (CIE). <1> Minimum Basic Data Set (CMDB). <2> Record of Medical and Surgical Times (RTMQ). <3> Group of Related Diagnostics (GDR). <4> Functional Surgical-Medical Structure (EFQM).
Output: nursery
Question: The third generation cephalosporins: 
 Options:  <0> Your representative is cefepima. <1> They should be avoided in Enterobacter infections. <2> They are not useful in meningitis secondary to pneumococcus. <3> They are of choice in meningitis due to Listeria. <4> They should never be associated with an aminoglycoside.
Output: pharmacology
Question: As an immunoanalytical technique, flow cytometry is mainly based on the detection of signals: 
 Options:  <0> Chemiluminescent <1> Fluorescent <2> Bioluminescent <3> Piezoelectric. <4> Magnetic
Output: biology
Question: In IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reactions: 
 Options:  <0> Eosinophils and mast cells play an important role. <1> There are no cellular elements involved. <2> Antibody-mediated cytotoxicity reactions play a key role. <3> There are no elements of the immune system involved in atopy. <4> The IgE immunoglobulin receptor does not intervene.
Output: medicine
Question: They produce bone resorption: 
 Options:  <0> Fibroblasts. <1> Osteoblasts <2> Osteoclasts. <3> Osteocytes <4> Osteona.
Output: biology
Question: Reactions that use copper (I) salts as reagents to replace the nitrogen in the diazonium salts are called reactions of: 
 Options:  <0> Sandmeyer <1> Chichibabin <2> Peterson. <3> Gabriel. <4> Diels-Alder.
Output: chemistry
Question: The evaluation of the emotion expressed is useful in the context of the psychological treatment of schizophrenia. But from what sphere is the evaluation of the expressed emotion usually part ?: 
 Options:  <0> Of the evaluation of symptoms. <1> From the evaluation of the insight. <2> Of the cognitive evaluation. <3> Of the family evaluation. <4> Of the rational-emotive evaluation.
Output: psychology
Question: Are concepts that refer to the same probability the level of: 
 Options:  <0> Confidence and type II error: <1> Significance and type I error <2> Significance and specificity. <3> Confidence and sensitivity <4> Significance and type II error.
Output: biology
Question: In contrast to the bacterial ones, the eukaryotic chromosomes need multiple origins of replication because: 
 Options:  <0> They can not be replicated bidirectionally. <1> They are not usually circular. <2> The processivity of eukaryotic DNA polymerase is much lower than that of bacterial DNA polymerase. <3> Its replication rate is much slower, and they would need too much time using a single source. <4> They have several DNA polymerases for different purposes, and they need the corresponding variety of origins.
Output: chemistry
Question: We took a simple random sample of 1000 people, and for each one we checked whether or not he got the flu in 2012 and whether or not he got the flu in 2012. We obtained two responses for each of the 1000 people. To evaluate if there is an association between these two qualitative variables (having flu or not) and (having been vaccinated or not) from the data of our sample: 
 Options:  <0> We draw a quantile-quantile graph. <1> We perform a t test for the difference of means. <2> We calculate the Pearson correlation coefficient. <3> We make a contrast of the signs for the difference of medians. <4> We make a contingency table and an independence test.
Output: pharmacology
Question: The chemosmotic theory: 
 Options:  <0> It was proposed by Singer and Nicholson. <1> Explains the mechanism of phosphorylation at the substrate level. <2> It requires that the membranes in which it forms are closed compartments. <3> It does not explain the synthesis of ATP in photosynthesis. <4> It has nothing to do with redox reactions.
Output: biology
Question: They incorporate sterols to their plasma membrane: 
 Options:  <0> Mycobacterium tuberculosis. <1> Micrococcus luteus. <2> Mycoplasma pneumoniae <3> Chlamydia trachomatis. <4> Rickettsia prowazekii.
Output: biology
Question: The carboxypeptidases A and B: 
 Options:  <0> They are endopeptidases. <1> They are excreted by exocrine cells of the intestine. <2> They are excreted by exocrine cells of the stomach. <3> They are synthesized by endocrine cells of the liver. <4> They are synthesized by exocrine cells of the pancreas.
Output: chemistry
Question: The micro RNA (miRNA): 
 Options:  <0> They are coding RNAs. <1> They inhibit transcription. <2> They inhibit the translation. <3> Activate transcription. <4> Activate the translation.
Output: chemistry
Question: The acronym ECM, in the labeling of medicines, has the meaning of: 
 Options:  <0> European Competency Medication [acronym in English]. <1> Marketing Container for Wholesalers. <2> Special Medical Control. <3> Mechanical Control Package. <4> Specialty of Massive Consumption.
Output: pharmacology
Question: The evaluation of the expressed emotion construct is especially significant in the treatment of schizophrenia when the following intervention is applied: 
 Options:  <0> Behavioral cognitive of psychotic symptoms. <1> Training in Social Skills. <2> Family intervention <3> Cognitive rehabilitation <4> Work rehabilitation.
Output: psychology
Question: The formation of the complex called Aminophylline improves the solubility of one of the following drugs: 
 Options:  <0> Theophylline <1> Digoxin <2> Ampicillin <3> Thioridazine. <4> Ciclosporin
Output: pharmacology
Question: Regarding the tendon reflex of Golgi: 
 Options:  <0> It is monosynaptic. <1> The receptors are in series with the extrafusal muscle fibers. <2> It is mediated by afferent fibers type la and ll. <3> Activates α-motor neurons that innervate the muscle in which the receptor is located. <4> It is very sensitive to changes in muscle length.
Output: biology
Question: The most reactive oxygen radical species and, therefore, most dangerous is: 
 Options:  <0> Superoxide anion <1> Hydrogen peroxide. <2> Ion superoxide <3> Radical hydroxyl. <4> It depends on the tissue.
Output: pharmacology
Question: Isoprene is: 
 Options:  <0> 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene. <1> 2-methyl-2-butene. <2> 2-methyl-1-butene. <3> 2-ethyl-1,3-butadiene. <4> 2-ethyl-2-butene.
Output: chemistry
Question: In a meta-analysis of 15 studies, the incidence of myocardial infarction with the new drug Tromboclean is 10.8% compared to 8% with heparin. The relative risk is 1.35, with a 95% confidence interval of 1.15 to 1.50 and absence of significant heterogeneity between studies (p-value of heterogeneity = 0.95). Point out the CORRECT answer: 
 Options:  <0> The heterogeneity is not significant, which suggests that the results are inconclusive. <1> Trombo Clean presents a risk of myocardial infarction similar to that of heparin. <2> It can not be ruled out with a 95% confidence that Tromboclean reduces the risk of myocardial infarction by 50%. <3> Thromboclean increases the absolute risk of myocardial infarction between 15% and 50%. <4> Heparin presents a significantly lower risk of myocardial infarction than Tromboclean.
Output: medicine
Question: What studies should be performed in an adenocarcinoma with prominent mucinous differentiation of ascending colon diagnosed in a 32-year-old man? 
 Options:  <0> Reorganization of the MYC gene. <1> Analysis of microsatellite instability. <2> Study of mutations of the RET gene. <3> Study of BRCA1-2 mutations. <4> Studies of TP53 mutations.
Output: medicine
Question: The nuclear lamina is formed by: 
 Options:  <0> Actina. <1> Tubulina. <2> Intermediate filaments <3> Fibronectin <4> Laminin
Output: biology
Question: With what explanatory theory of childhood phobias is the Napalkov effect more closely related? 
 Options:  <0> The theory of the two factors of Mowrer. <1> The theory of the incubation of Eysenck. <2> The theory of social learning of Bandura. <3> The bioinformational theory of Lang's emotion. <4> The anxiety sensitivity theory of Reiss.
Output: psychology
Question: In the first stage of Fairburn's behavioral cognitive treatment for bulimia nervosa, one of the objectives is: 
 Options:  <0> Modify maladaptive social interaction patterns. <1> Establish effective communication patterns. <2> Work on the suppression of diet follow-up. <3> Modify adaptive family functioning patterns. <4> Present the model that explains the maintenance of the problem.
Output: psychology
Question: What transport system do thyroid follicular cells use to capture iodide through its basal pole ?: 
 Options:  <0> A primary active transporter. <1> An iodide exchanger with chloride. <2> A transporter called pendrina. <3> A process of pinocytosis. <4> A sodium iodide carrier.
Output: pharmacology
Question: Regarding the Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GIST), it is true that: 
 Options:  <0> These are tumors of epithelial origin, located mainly at the level of the mucosa of the digestive tract. <1> The mutation of the c-kit gene, which codes for a tyrosine kinase receptor, is characteristic of these tumors. <2> The treatment of localized tumors smaller than 2 cm is fundamentally medical, with the use of Imatinib. <3> They are tumors that only exceptionally bleed. <4> The most frequent localization of these tumors is the small intestine.
Output: medicine
Question: The Arrhenius equation: 
 Options:  <0> It relates the speed of a chemical reaction with the so-called constant velocity and with the concentrations of the reactants raised to their stoichiometric coefficients. <1> It relates the constant of speed of a chemical reaction with the energy of activation of said reaction, so that if the energy, of activation is high the reaction is fast. <2> It is only fulfilled for unimolecular reactions. <3> It relates the speed constant to the temperature through the activation energy and the pre-exponential factor. <4> It allows to obtain the activation energy of an elementary reaction by only representing the decimal logarithm of the temperature versus the inverse of the reaction time.
Output: chemistry
Question: When comparing the characteristics of pragmatic or confirmatory clinical studies with explanatory or exploratory clinical studies, which of the following is an advantage of the former? 
 Options:  <0> Information about subgroups of patients representative of the usual clinical practice. <1> Very homogeneous sample, with little variability. <2> Greater capacity to detect differences in the effectiveness of interventions. <3> Greater internal validity <4> Smaller sample size
Output: medicine
Question: A motor neuron and all the muscle fibers that it innervates constitute: 
 Options:  <0> Motor plate. <1> Motor unit <2> Neuromuscular junction <3> Motor synapse <4> Motor filament
Output: biology
Question: Which of the following statements about colchicine is not true? 
 Options:  <0> Depolymerizes tubulin. <1> It can cause nausea and vomiting. <2> It is an uricosuric. <3> It is used in prophylaxis of recurrent attacks of gout. <4> It is an alkaloid.
Output: pharmacology
Question: Point out the correct answer. Lithium salts are used to treat: 
 Options:  <0> The affective symptoms of schizophrenia. <1> The psychotic symptoms of schizophrenia. <2> As a maintenance treatment for bipolar patients with a history of mania. <3> Depressive episodes of bipolar disorder, but not manic episodes. <4> In a drug in disuse and not recommended in the current clinical guidelines.
Output: psychology
Question: Contains abundant glycogen: 
 Options:  <0> Hepatocytes <1> Plasma cells. <2> Lymphocytes <3> Baited cells. <4> Fibroblasts.
Output: biology
Question: T. R. of 89 years, presents instability and has suffered a fall. Regarding falls in older people, it is correct that: 
 Options:  <0> Most falls are produced by performing dangerous activities. <1> The factors that most influence the risk of falls are the intrinsic factors influenced by the underlying diseases. <2> The factors that most influence the risk of falls are those related to the changes of aging. <3> It assumes a higher risk of falling down stairs than down stairs. <4> The factors that most influence the genesis of falls in fragile elderly are the extrinsic ones.
Output: nursery
Question: Indicates which bone is the lesser trochanter: 
 Options:  <0> Fibula. <1> Tibia. <2> Humerus. <3> Femur. <4> Radio.
Output: pharmacology
Question: Bacteria of the species Haemophilus influenzae: 
 Options:  <0> They grow in the middle of MacConkey. <1> Causes meningitis in children. <2> They are anaerobic Gram positive bacilli. <3> They are anaerobic Gram positive cocci. <4> They are hemolytic.
Output: biology
Question: They use a reverse transcriptase during their replication: 
 Options:  <0> Papovavirus. <1> Polyomavirus <2> Hepadnavirus. <3> Parvovirus. <4> Herpesvirus.
Output: biology
Question: The initial procedure of choice to investigate a possible obstruction of the biliary tract is: 
 Options:  <0> Hepatobiliary ultrasound. <1> Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). <2> Colangio Magnetic Resonance. <3> Computed tomography. Abdominal CT <4> Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography.
Output: medicine
Question: One of the well-established goals of the treatment of anorexia nervosa is: 
 Options:  <0> Substitute the food restriction for physical exercise. <1> Get family support and provide family advice. <2> Carry out intensive and brief interventions. <3> Enhance self-help strategies from the beginning of treatment. <4> Separate the patient from his family environment while the treatment lasts.
Output: psychology
Question: The management of seizures in a patient, within the ictal phase, includes activities such as reassuring him, protecting him from injuries, administering the prescribed medication and maintaining a permeable airway, among others. But, in addition, it is fundamental: 
 Options:  <0> Introduce any object into the patient's mouth. <1> Put your fingers in your mouth to try to keep it open. <2> Do not waste time in the establishment of a venous line, because in no case will be necessary. <3> Do not force any object into your mouth. <4> Proceed with nasotracheal intubation, always and in all cases.
Output: nursery
Question: A 28-year-old violinist who is consulting for having presented panic attacks during his public performances in the last 3 months. The crises are accompanied by intense fear of being blocked and not being able to continue with the performance, something that would be humiliating for him. This fear has made him cancel his next performances. In the rest of his daily activities he does not experience this fear, nor does he experience it when he rehearses with his orchestra colleagues. What diagnosis would you consider most likely for this case? 
 Options:  <0> Simple phobia <1> Panic disorder <2> Social phobia of execution. <3> Generalized anxiety disorder. <4> Agoraphobia.
Output: medicine
Question: Question linked to image no. 9 A 64-year-old patient complains of easy fatigability after a few months of evolution and loss of appetite, although she has not observed any weight loss. We are struck by the facies that it presents when we observe it (see image). Before proceeding with the interrogation and the clinical examination, we come up with a diagnostic hypothesis. Which of the following analytical tests do you think would guide us best in our diagnostic suspicion? 
 Options:  <0> TSH <1> CK <2> Hemogram, iron, ferritin. <3> Proteinuria <4> ANA.
Output: medicine
Question: The reabsorption of glucose in the nephron: 
 Options:  <0> It has no maximum rate. <1> It is less than 50% of the filtered. <2> It is done in the proximal tubule. <3> It is mediated by insulin. <4> It is by simple diffusion.
Output: biology
Question: In relation to intoxication by anticholinergic agents, point out the correct answer. 
 Options:  <0> In its treatment, atropine is used. <1> The presence of grade III or IV encephalopathy, acute renal failure and severe coagulopathy indicate liver transplantation. <2> Dantrolene is indicated in case of seizures. <3> The basic treatment consists of the repeated administration of activated charcoal and support measures. <4> The decrease in plasma cholinesterase confirms the diagnosis.
Output: medicine
Question: The three-dimensional arrangement of a protein corresponds to: 
 Options:  <0> Its primary structure <1> Its secondary structure. <2> Its tertiary structure. <3> Its quaternary structure. <4> With its primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure.
Output: chemistry
Question: Which of the following drugs corresponds to the therapeutic group of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors ?: 
 Options:  <0> Buspirona. <1> Fluoxetine. <2> Zolpidem <3> Lorazepam <4> Phenytoin
Output: nursery
Question: Which of the following vertebrate viruses has as genetic material single-stranded RNA ?: 
 Options:  <0> Papilloma virus. <1> Smallpox virus <2> HIV. <3> Human rotavirus. <4> Epstein-Barr virus.
Output: pharmacology
Question: How many chromosomes would a male with nulisomy have for chromosomes 17 and 18? 
 Options:  <0> 43 <1> Four. Five. <2> 44 <3> 42 <4> 40
Output: biology
Question: Which of the following treatments has NOT been shown to be effective in the treatment of schizophrenia? 
 Options:  <0> The assertive community treatment. <1> Protected employment procedures for labor rehabilitation. <2> The integrated programs of cognitive rehabilitation. <3> The psychoeducational family intervention. <4> Psychoanalytic therapy of limited time.
Output: psychology
Question: The tRNA-aminoacyl-transferases: 
 Options:  <0> They link the amino acid to the ribosome. <1> They bind the amino acid to the anticodon of the tRNA. <2> They are RNA polymerases. <3> They guarantee the fidelity of the translation. <4> They are not important in the translation.
Output: biology
Question: The islets of Langerhans of the pancreas secrete and release: 
 Options:  <0> Cholecystokinin <1> Insulin and glucagon. <2> Vasopressin <3> Adrenaline and noradrenaline. <4> Prolactin
Output: psychology
Question: It has been proved that the dissolution speed of the solvate that is formed when the griseofulvin and the chloroform are associated, is: 
 Options:  <0> Less than the unsolvated form of the drug. <1> Limiting step of the disintegration of the tablets in which the drug is formulated. <2> Greater than the unsolvated form of the drug. <3> Limiting factor of the distribution of the drug to the aqueous sectors of the organism. <4> Same as the unsolvated form of the drug.
Output: pharmacology
Question: The use of psychoeducation in schizophrenia now adopts a prosthetic criterion instead of issuing disqualification judgments. What goal should psychoeducation be set to follow this principle ?: 
 Options:  <0> It is intended that the person discovers everything that he will never be able to do due to his abilities. <1> The person is instructed to avoid making decisions for himself because his disorder prevents him from doing so. <2> It is intended that the person discover the best way to make their life but accepting and taking into account their abilities. <3> He tries to concentrate all his efforts is his strengths and ignore his disabilities. <4> The person is instructed about the fact that he can only achieve his goals if he takes the medication and does psychotherapy.
Output: psychology
Question: Raile and Marriner in their studies on the theoretical works in nursing, review different aspects among which are those referred to semantics and structure. This analysis of the concrete theoretical framework refers to: 
 Options:  <0> The simplicity <1> The generality <2> The empirical precision. <3> The deductible consequences. <4> The clarity.
Output: nursery
Question: For self-registration to become an effective tool for clinical evaluation, it must meet the requirements of: 
 Options:  <0> Have a complete design that includes each of the significant units of a complex behavior and its memory. <1> Have a simple design, without sophistication or complexity, and always accompanied by a prior training for its completion. <2> Do not limit your compliance to the events that occurred at the time but also to the memory that you have of them at later moments. <3> Cover each and every one of the behaviors problems identified by the client. <4> Be completed by a significant person who knows the client well.
Output: psychology
Question: Which of the following pharmacokinetic characteristics of aminoglycoside antibiotics is not correct: 
 Options:  <0> They are not absorbed practically in the gastrointestinal tract of normal patients. <1> They are absorbed in patients with severe renal insufficiency. <2> They have a very slow distribution phase. <3> They are not metabolized. <4> They present a second phase of very slow elimination.
Output: pharmacology
Question: In the determination of water hardness due to the presence of Ca2 + and Mg2 + ions, the titrant reagent is used: 
 Options:  <0> Methyl orange. <1> A standard solution of potassium chloride. <2> Black Eriochrome T. <3> A standard solution of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). <4> A solution of AEDT previously standardized against a solution of potassium phthalate.
Output: chemistry
Question: How is the pigmented and highly vascularized layer of the posterior wall of the eyeball called? 
 Options:  <0> Iris. <1> Choroid <2> Ciliary body. <3> Sclera <4> Retina.
Output: pharmacology
Question: Among the phonological elements used to evaluate verbal language in childhood is used: 
 Options:  <0> The babbling. <1> The paralinguistics. <2> The proxemics <3> Kinestesia <4> Artifactual communication.
Output: psychology
Question: Acetyl-CoA: 
 Options:  <0> It is synthesized from pyruvate in the eukaryotic cytoplasm. <1> It has a phosphate bond rich in energy. <2> Presents a guanine nucleotide in coenzyme A. <3> Activates pyruvate carboxylase and inhibits pyruvate dehydrogenase. <4> It easily crosses the mitochondrial inner membrane.
Output: biology
Question: Driving aphasia is characterized by: 
 Options:  <0> He speaks fluent and meaningful, relatively good compression and altered repetition. <1> He speaks not fluent, relatively good comprehension and repetition altered. <2> He speaks fluent with little meaning, altered compression and altered repetition. <3> He speaks not fluid, altered understanding and altered repetition. <4> He speaks fluent with little meaning, good comprehension and unaltered repetition.
Output: psychology
Question: CO is toxic to aerobic organisms: 
 Options:  <0> Because it oxidizes the OH groups of the hemoglobin, preventing it from being able to fix O2 correctly. <1> Because it enters the mitochondria, picking up electrons from the transport chain with less efficiency than O2. <2> Because it joins the heme group with greater affinity than O2. <3> Because having a greater dipolar character, is more soluble than O2 in blood and blocks the exchange of O2 between air and blood at the level of the lungs. <4> None of the above is correct.
Output: chemistry
Question: The infrared spectrum of procaine hydrochloride shows an intense band about 1700 cm-1. What information does this data provide about its structure? 
 Options:  <0> It has an aromatic ring. <1> It has a carbonyl group. <2> It is a tertiary amine. <3> It is an aromatic amine. <4> It is a salt.
Output: pharmacology
Question: The final product of the cytosolic fatty acid synthase in humans is acid: 
 Options:  <0> Oleic <1> Arachidonic. <2> Linoleic <3> Palmitic. <4> Palmitoleic
Output: chemistry
Question: Mr. L. R. is a colostomy carrier. Which of the following recommendations on activities of daily life is adequate ?: 
 Options:  <0> You should avoid bathing, neither with a bag nor without it. <1> You can not do sports activities. <2> You can not wear a sash on top of the bag. <3> It is advisable that you drink plenty of fluids to avoid dehydration. <4> You should avoid sexual intercourse involving contact with the stoma area.
Output: nursery
Question: The Family Drawing Test is a projective technique of type: 
 Options:  <0> Thematic. <1> Expressive. <2> Associative <3> Constructive. <4> Perceptual.
Output: psychology
Question: When formulating tablets with active ingredients that are used at relatively low doses, it is necessary to add excipients whose primary function is to obtain a tablet of a reasonable size. What are these excipients called? 
 Options:  <0> Adsorbents <1> Binders <2> Disintegrators <3> Thinners <4> Lubricants
Output: pharmacology
Question: The reaction of 3-nitrobenzaldehyde with NaBH 4 in aqueous methanol gives: 
 Options:  <0> 3-Aminobenzaldehyde. <1> 3-nitrobenzoic acid. <2> 1-Methyl-3-nitrobenzene. <3> 3-Nitrobenzoate sodium. <4> (3-Nitrophenyl) methanol.
Output: chemistry
Question: Placental lactogen has equivalent effects to: 
 Options:  <0> GH <1> Insulin. <2> Oxytocin <3> Estrogens <4> FSH.
Output: biology
Question: From the behavioral cognitive perspective, for the treatment of schizotypal personality disorder it is recommended: 
 Options:  <0> Exposure therapy <1> The operating techniques. <2> Interpersonal therapy <3> The training in mindfulness. <4> The training in social skills.
Output: psychology
Question: A patient with dyspepsia will undergo a screening test for Helicobacter pylori. Before carrying out the test, the patient should know that: 
 Options:  <0> Treatment with proton pump inhibitors should be discontinued at least one week before the test. <1> Treatment with proton pump inhibitors should be discontinued at least two weeks before the test. <2> The use of antacids also modifies the results of the test. <3> The use of antibiotics does not modify the diagnostic tests for H. pylori. <4> Antibiotic treatments negativize the diagnostic tests for H. pylori, so these drugs should be avoided for one week before any diagnostic test.
Output: nursery
Question: The following patients are sent to the hypertension clinic. Indicate which one you would NOT suspect secondary hypertension. 
 Options:  <0> 25 year old woman with an abdominal puff. <1> Hypertension with hypokalemia in a 50-year-old man who does not take drugs. <2> A 55-year-old woman with a body mass index of 28 and dyslipidemia. <3> A 78-year-old woman who has not been controlled with 3 drugs for 3 months. <4> Man of 60 years with daytime sleepiness, morning headache and snoring.
Output: medicine
Question: When an experimental design is carried out, it is fundamentally sought: 
 Options:  <0> Know better the average of the results obtained and repeated in an experiment. <1> Know better the median of the results obtained in an experiment. <2> Identify better the factors that can affect the experiment. <3> To better identify the regression equations in an experiment. <4> To know better the standard deviation of the different data in the experiment.
Output: chemistry
Question: The hydrolases of the lysosomes act in medium: 
 Options:  <0> Acid. <1> Basic. <2> Neutral. <3> It depends on the material to digest. <4> At any pH.
Output: biology
Question: Which of the following drugs is NOT used in the treatment of autoimmune hepatitis? 
 Options:  <0> Prednisone. <1> Azathioprine <2> Budesonide <3> Lamivudine <4> Mycophenolate mofetil.
Output: medicine
Question: For which disorder is the technique of fading stimulated frequently used? 
 Options:  <0> Enuresis <1> The selective mutism. <2> Childhood asthma <3> Posttraumatic stress disorder secondary to sexual abuse. <4> The encopresis.
Output: psychology
Question: Point out the correct answer in relation to the monitoring of plasma drug concentrations: 
 Options:  <0> Allergy reactions are related to the dose administered. <1> The extraction of the blood sample must be done once the balance of drug distribution in the organism has been reached. <2> The information provided by the analytical determination of plasma concentration is sufficient to perform the dosage individualization. <3> Only the immunoassay methods are valid for carrying out the analytical determination of the blood samples. <4> It must be done for all drugs that are administered intravenously.
Output: pharmacology
Question: In an electrogravimetric analysis: 
 Options:  <0> The increase in mass of the electrode indicates the amount of analyte. <1> Current performance must be 100%. <2> A platinum mesh is always used as a working electrode. <3> A reference electrode is always needed. <4> The solution does not need to be conductive.
Output: chemistry
Question: They join the epithelial cells to each other: 
 Options:  <0> Cadherins. <1> Integrins <2> Fibronectins. <3> Elastins. <4> Laminins
Output: biology
Question: We serve a patient who has just suffered a traffic accident. She is conscious and when taking the constants she has a systolic blood pressure of 70 mmHg and a heart rate of 45 beats / minute. In addition, the skin of the extremities is hot. What is the most likely cause of the shock? 
 Options:  <0> Hypovolemic shock <1> Intrinsic cardiogenic shock. <2> Neurogenic shock <3> Septic shock. <4> Obstructive cardiogenic shock.
Output: medicine
Question: Which of the following statements regarding constipation in the terminal patient is correct ?: 
 Options:  <0> It is a rare symptom. <1> Its most common cause is the administration of opioids. <2> The basic therapy will consist in the administration of enemas. <3> Its etiology is unifactorial. <4> It must be treated with a diet rich in fiber.
Output: nursery
Question: The treatment of 1-hexyne with 1 mole of hydrogen bromide results in: 
 Options:  <0> 1-bromo-1-hexene. <1> 1-bromo-2-hexene. <2> 1-bromo-3-hexene. <3> 2-bromo-1-hexene. <4> 2-bromo-2-hexene.
Output: chemistry
Question: The reaction of Wolff-Kishner is one: 
 Options:  <0> Oxidation of carbonyls to give acids. <1> Reduction of carbonyls to alcohols. <2> Deoxygenation of carbonyls that takes place in an acid medium. <3> Deoxygenation of carbonyls that is carried out in an alkaline medium. <4> Carbonyl deoxygenation performed in neutral medium.
Output: chemistry
Question: What characteristic increases the veracity of self-reports? 
 Options:  <0> Request information about past events. <1> Request information about events about which the evaluated person has little experience. <2> Use generic and open questions. <3> Request information on topics that involve little to the evaluated. <4> Use specific and unambiguous questions.
Output: psychology
Question: Point out which of the following guidelines belongs to the Stress Reduction Program of Kabat-Zinn (University of Massachusetts): 
 Options:  <0> Acceptance and commitment therapy. <1> Behavioral activation therapy. <2> Psychoeducation and mindfulness. <3> Dialectical therapy. <4> Therapy of common factors.
Output: psychology
Question: The folded sheet β: 
 Options:  <0> It is formed by a single polypetide chain. <1> It presents a distance between adjacent amino acids of approximately 4 ångströms. <2> It is formed by the union of two or more strands by hydrogen bonds. <3> Presents the side chains of contiguous amino acids pointing to the same side. <4> They are of two types: parallel, where the chains of the β sheet go in a different direction and antiparallel, where they go in the same direction.
Output: chemistry
Question: Dengue is an infectious disease endemic in certain communities. When 38% of the population of a community has said disease, we talk about: 
 Options:  <0> Holoendemia <1> Hyperendemia <2> Mesoendemia. <3> Hypoendemia <4> Pandemic.
Output: nursery
Question: A 24-year-old girl suffers a bicycle fall with trauma to the abdominal area with the handlebar. A few hours after the trauma begins with intense pain in the left hypochondrium, so he goes to consult an emergency service. Upon arrival the patient is pale and sweaty, the blood pressure figures are 82/54 mmHg and the heart rate is 120 beats per minute. What kind of shock is the most likely to suffer from this patient? 
 Options:  <0> Hypovolemic <1> Septic. <2> Cardiogenic <3> Anaphylactic. <4> Neurogenic
Output: medicine
Question: Of the indicated indications, which of them is authorized for the ACEI? 
 Options:  <0> Angioedema <1> Pulmonary hypertension in neonates. <2> Diabetic nephropathy <3> Benign prostatic hyperplasia. <4> Narrow angle glaucoma.
Output: pharmacology
Question: For what disorder of ingestion and eating behavior of childhood is it recommended to use mass practice procedures ?: 
 Options:  <0> The pica. <1> Bulimia nervosa. <2> The rumination. <3> Childhood anorexia <4> The eating disorder of childhood and childhood.
Output: psychology
Question: Clark's electrode is based on: 
 Options:  <0> Potentiometric. <1> Potentiostatic <2> Optical. <3> Amperometric. <4> Conductimetric
Output: chemistry
Question: In which group of techniques is included the Thematic Apperception Test (Murray TAT) ?: 
 Options:  <0> Interpretive projects <1> Subjective constructive. <2> Construction projects <3> Rational graphics. <4> Subjective narratives.
Output: psychology
Question: Inhibits gastrin secretion: 
 Options:  <0> Parasympathetic stimulation. <1> Sight, aroma and taste of the food. <2> Stomach distension <3> Presence of proteins in the stomach. <4> Somatostatin.
Output: biology
Question: The antiviral tamiflu that is used against the bird flu virus acts: 
 Options:  <0> Inhibiting viral neuraminidase. <1> Inactivating the viral protease responsible for the processing of capsomere precursors. <2> Preventing the decapsidation of viral particles. <3> Blocking the interaction of viral particles with their cellular receptor. <4> Altering the activity of the viral DNA polymerase.
Output: biology