niryuu/sni-each-converted huggingface dataset:
Question: Question linked to image # 7 In the previous patient, which of the following attitudes would be less justified? 
 Options:  <0> Perform a chest CT scan. <1> Request serum levels of alpha-1-antitrypsin. <2> Ask for a 6 minute walk test. <3> Request skin allergy tests. <4> Start treatment with bronchodilators.
Output: medicine
Question: Which of the following modifications is not part of the maturation process suffered by the precursors of the tRNAs? 
 Options:  <0> Modification of bases. <1> Elimination of the 5'-end leader sequence. <2> Elimination of the final segment of the 3 'end. <3> Addition of CCA to the 3 'end. <4> Polyadenylation of the 3'-end.
Output: chemistry
Question: The heritability of a personality trait: 
 Options:  <0> It is a statistical concept to estimate the influence of phenotypes on genotypes, regardless of the environment. <1> It is generalizable to all humans, regardless of the culture and the historical moment. <2> It calls into question the ability of the environment to modify the genetic endowment. <3> It is studied, among other perspectives, from molecular genetics. <4> It refers to the direct influence of paternal and maternal genes on the behavior of an individual.
Output: psychology
Question: The humanized antibodies: 
 Options:  <0> They have very low affinity. <1> They contain CDRs of a mouse monoclonal antibody. <2> They have totally murine VH and VL domains. <3> They have totally human VH and VL domains. <4> They have human light chains.
Output: biology
Question: Question linked to image nº10 A 74-year-old man, asymptomatic, who in a routine laboratory test has leucocytes 37,000 / mL, hemoglobin 15,7 g / dL, platelets 190,000 / mL. In the examination, adenopathies and organomegalies are not appreciated. An extension of peripheral blood is made (image). What is the most likely diagnosis? 
 Options:  <0> Viriasis <1> Chronic myeloid leukemia <2> Monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance. <3> Chronic lymphatic leukemia. <4> Myelodysplastic syndrome
Output: medicine
Question: What causal factors are particularly relevant in female anorgasmia ?: 
 Options:  <0> The hereditary factors. <1> The psychological factors. <2> The organic factors. <3> The environmental factors. <4> The consumption of substances.
Output: psychology
Question: For which of the following steps of protein synthesis GTP (Guanosine triosphate) is needed: 
 Options:  <0> Activation of amino acids by aminioacyl-tRNA synthetases. <1> Union of ribosomes to the endoplasmic reticulum. <2> Translocation of nascent tRNA-protein complex from place A to place P. <3> Union of mRNA. <4> Union of signal recognition protein to ribosomes.
Output: chemistry
Question: Somatomedin IGF-1 causes: 
 Options:  <0> Secretion of GHRH. <1> Protein catabolism. <2> Hyperglycemia <3> Activation of osteoblasts <4> GH secretion
Output: biology
Question: The lymphatic flow from the feet: 
 Options:  <0> It increases when standing up. <1> Increase by external compression. <2> Increases when decreasing capillary permeability. <3> It decreases during inspiration. <4> Decrease by exercise.
Output: biology
Question: Question linked to image # 7 A 60-year-old man consulted for dyspnea. A respiratory functional examination is performed (Spirometry with bronchodilator test, CO diffusion capacity test and Plethysmography) whose report is shown in the image. What is the diagnosis most compatible with the results? 
 Options:  <0> Bronchial asthma. <1> Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. <2> COPD emphysema phenotype. <3> Thoracic restraint due to kyphoscoliosis. <4> Bronchiectasis
Output: medicine
Question: The pulmonary surfactant: 
 Options:  <0> It is secreted by type I pneumocytes. <1> Stabilizes the alveoli. <2> Its main component is albumin. <3> Increases the surface tension of the alveolus. <4> It is only in the small alveoli.
Output: biology
Question: Which of the following structures belongs to the peritoneum ?: 
 Options:  <0> The dura mater. <1> The greater omentum. <2> The pleura <3> The pericardium. <4> The spleen
Output: pharmacology
Question: The game is one of the strategies used by the nurse in caring for children aged 2 years. Point out which of the following is favorable to the understanding of the disease process and therapy: 
 Options:  <0> Ride <1> Variations of cu-cu or hiding place. <2> Body silhouettes to paint or dolls to point. <3> Consoles of electronic games. <4> Cell phone.
Output: nursery
Question: Due to its high mercury content, the Spanish Agency for Food Safety and Nutrition recommends pregnant women not to consume: 
 Options:  <0> Mature soft cheeses, type Brie or Camembert. <1> Pate or foie gras. <2> Large fatty fish. <3> Raw sausages <4> Green leaf vegetables.
Output: nursery
Question: What are the possibilities, in each pregnancy, of parents bearing a mutation in the CFTR gene, having a child with cystic fibrosis? 
 Options:  <0> 0.01. <1> 0.1 <2> 0,25. <3> 0.5. <4> one.
Output: medicine
Question: Which of the following factors influences the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) ?: 
 Options:  <0> Blood pressure <1> The renal blood flow. <2> Self-regulation by myogenic responses and tubuloglomerular feedback. <3> Hormones such as Angiotensin II and neurons of the sympathetic nervous system. <4> All are correct.
Output: nursery
Question: A patient goes to a hospital emergency department presenting frank hematemesis. In the initial assessment the patient is pale and sweaty, has a heart rate of 110 beats per minute and a systolic blood pressure of 98 mmHg. Which of the following actions would NOT be performed in the initial care of this patient? 
 Options:  <0> Ensure adequate oxygenation of the patient. <1> Channel two heavy gauge peripheral routes. <2> Use the hematocrit as an index of blood loss. <3> Replace the blood volume with crystalloid solutions. <4> Place a nasogastric tube.
Output: medicine
Question: Ammonia usually used in the laboratory: 
 Options:  <0> It is a pure compound, liquid at environmental temperature and pressure. <1> It is a gaseous ammonia solution in water, very diluted, because ammonia is very little soluble in water. <2> It is a solution of gaseous ammonia in water, very concentrated, because ammonia is very soluble in water. <3> It is a gaseous ammonia solution in ethanol, because pure gaseous ammonia is insoluble in water. <4> It is a saturated solution of ammonium chloride in water.
Output: chemistry
Question: In toxicology, the probability of adverse effects, harmful to health, from exposure to a toxic agent is known as: 
 Options:  <0> Danger. <1> Exposition. <2> Risk. <3> Answer. <4> Effect.
Output: pharmacology
Question: Which of the following is a poor prognostic factor in acute lymphoblastic leukemia ?: 
 Options:  <0> Age 1-9 years. <1> Phenotype B. <2> Karyotype with translocation 9; 22. <3> Leucocytosis of 25,000 / microL. <4> Hyperploid DNA index.
Output: pharmacology
Question: Apoptosis is: 
 Options:  <0> The cellular senescence. <1> A form of programmed cell death. <2> Cell migration <3> A mode of cellular reprogramming. <4> The process of cell differentiation.
Output: chemistry
Question: How many macromolecular complexes form the electronic transport chain ?: 
 Options:  <0> 6 macromolecular complexes. <1> 5 macromolecular complexes. <2> 4 macromolecular complexes. <3> 3 macromolecular complexes. <4> 2 macromolecular complexes.
Output: pharmacology
Question: The urea cycle: 
 Options:  <0> It involves the degradation of urea. <1> It was proposed by Hatch and Slack. <2> It contains a reaction that transforms citrulline into ornithine. <3> It is intimately linked to glycolysis. <4> It begins with the formation of carbamylphosphate.
Output: chemistry
Question: The change corresponds to a change mutation: 
 Options:  <0> T → C. <1> A → T. <2> G → A. <3> C → T. <4> A → G.
Output: biology
Question: 54-year-old man who comes to review in his company. A body mass index of 32.8 kg / m2 and fasting blood glucose of 138 mg / L are detected. One month later, glycemia 130 mg / dL. What therapeutic recommendation would you make in the first place? 
 Options:  <0> Administration of metformin. <1> Prescribe a sulfonylurea. <2> Behavioral changes: Diet and physical exercise. <3> Insulin before each meal. <4> Take acarbose at night, before going to bed.
Output: medicine
Question: What aspect related to the therapeutic style would NOT a therapist adopt in Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy? 
 Options:  <0> Promote catharsis. <1> Be active and directive. <2> Be verbally very active <3> Be didactic <4> Be nice.
Output: psychology
Question: A pediatrician wants to study overweight in children of 14 years, according to the values ​​of the BMI (body mass index). To estimate the necessary sample size, it proposes a confidence level of 95% and a precision of 1 unit of BMI. What other parameters do you need to know to determine the sample size? 
 Options:  <0> The average BMI in the population. <1> The variance of the BMI. <2> The mean and standard deviation of the BMI. <3> The size of the population and the average BMI. <4> The standard deviation of the BMI and the population size.
Output: medicine
Question: About free radicals: 
 Options:  <0> They are compounds that contain two or three unpaired electrons in an outer orbital. <1> Reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cell are only generated enzymatically. <2> Hydrogen peroxide is the most damaging radical in the cell. <3> The hydroxyl radical originates non-enzymatically (Heber-Weiss reaction) and damages proteins and DNA. <4> Oxygen is a triradical.
Output: chemistry
Question: What would be the pathophysiological mechanism that would explain the jaundice that can be observed in choledocholithiasis? 
 Options:  <0> Increase in bilirubin production. <1> Defect in the uptake of bilirubin by the hepatocyte. <2> Disorder in bilirubin conjugation. <3> Defect in the elimination of bilirubin by the hepatocyte. <4> Disorder in the conduction of bilirubin to the duodenum.
Output: pharmacology
Question: After ventricular systole, the volume of blood in the ventricle is: 
 Options:  <0> Zero. <1> The telesistolic. <2> The systolic. <3> The end-diastolic. <4> Greater in the right ventricle than in the left.
Output: biology
Question: Which of the following nutrients requires more special attention and recommendation in later life? 
 Options:  <0> Selenium. <1> Calcium. <2> Essential amino acids. <3> Lipids <4> Fiber.
Output: nursery
Question: The utility value corresponding to a state of health, which can be used later in a cost-utility study, generally has a value: 
 Options:  <0> Between 0 and 1. <1> Between 0 and 10 <2> Between 0 and 100. <3> Between -10 and +10. <4> Between -100 and +100.
Output: pharmacology
Question: The basis of Watson's theory is the nurse practice focused on: 
 Options:  <0> The 10 fundamental needs. <1> The 10 factors of care. <2> The 8 self-care requirements. <3> The 4 modes of adaptation. <4> The 21 nursing problems.
Output: nursery
Question: Which of these characteristics do bacterial exotoxins have ?: 
 Options:  <0> They have all the Gram negative bacteria. <1> They are lipidic in nature. <2> They are located in the outer membrane. <3> They introduce a weak immune response. <4> Some are used inactivated as a vaccine.
Output: pharmacology
Question: Which gene is most frequently associated with acquired mutations in breast cancer? 
 Options:  <0> p53. <1> PTEN. <2> BRCA-2. <3> BRCA-1. <4> Her2 / neu.
Output: medicine
Question: The rhythmic movements like walking or running are: 
 Options:  <0> Reflex movements. <1> Voluntary movements <2> Initiated and terminated by the cerebral cortex. <3> A combination of reflex and voluntary movements. <4> 3 and 4 are correct.
Output: nursery
Question: One of the components of injectable formulations are preservatives. This category includes different excipients with different mechanisms of action. Which of the following is used as a chelating agent ?: 
 Options:  <0> Butylhydroxyanisole. <1> Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. <2> Ascorbic acid. <3> Propyl gelate <4> Tocopherol.
Output: pharmacology
Question: In which of the following types of enzymatic inhibition does the value of Vmax not decrease? 
 Options:  <0> Competitive <1> Not competitive <2> Acompetitive <3> Mixed <4> It decreases in all of them.
Output: chemistry
Question: In an evaluation the redox indicator In (ox) + ne-  In (network) is used, whose normal potential is E0. The color change will occur: 
 Options:  <0> To the potential of the equivalence point. <1> To the value of E0. <2> In the interval E0  0.059 / n. <3> In the interval E0 (ox) - E0 (network) if it is evaluated with a reducer. <4> At the potential of 0.059 / n.
Output: chemistry
Question: In what phases of the dream do the enuretic episodes occur? 
 Options:  <0> In the phases of light sleep. <1> In the phases of deep sleep. <2> In the phases of paradoxical sleep. <3> In the dream phases. <4> Indistinctly in any phase of the dream.
Output: psychology
Question: What cells of the juxtaglomerular apparatus synthesize and store renin ?: 
 Options:  <0> The cells of the macula densa. <1> The mesangial cells. <2> The main cells. <3> The juxtaglomerular cells. <4> The cells interspersed.
Output: pharmacology
Question: They are fragments of the cytoplasm of a precursor cell: 
 Options:  <0> Lymphocytes <1> Megakaryocytes <2> Monocytes <3> Platelets. <4> Erythrocytes
Output: biology
Question: By what name is the disorder known to be characterized by the constant and persistent repetition of words, ideas, or themes, to which the patient continually appeals ?: 
 Options:  <0> Perseveration of thought. <1> Divagatory thinking. <2> Disintegration of thought. <3> Circumstantiality <4> Inhibition of thought.
Output: psychology
Question: Question linked to image nº1 An 80-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department for acute abdominal pain that is accompanied by hypotension, tachycardia and fever of 38ºC. Between its antecedents it emphasizes a resection of left colon by carcinoma seven days before. After the initial resuscitation, a simple chest radiograph (shown) is performed, which is diagnostic of: 
 Options:  <0> Pneumoperitoneum <1> Intestinal obstruction. <2> Strangled crural hernia. <3> Left pneumothorax <4> Mesenteric ischemia.
Output: medicine
Question: Given three DNA molecules of the same length (A, B and C) and in the same solvent, but with different richness in terms of G + C content (A: 50%, B: 60%, and C: 75% ), How would your melting temperatures (Tm) be ?: 
 Options:  <0> A> B> C. <1> Being in the same solvent, they would be the same in all three cases. <2> The DNA molecule C would not belong to a thermophilic bacterium, given its lower Tm. <3> C> B> A. <4> You can not know with the information of the statement.
Output: pharmacology
Question: Ceftazidime is an antibiotic of choice in the treatment of infections due to: 
 Options:  <0> Mycoplasma pneumoniae. <1> Pseudomonas aeruginosa. <2> Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). <3> Chlamydia trachomatis. <4> Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Output: pharmacology
Question: The term isocratic is used in high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) when: 
 Options:  <0> The mobile phase is at a constant temperature. <1> The stationary phase is in equilibrium with the mobile phase. <2> The mobile phase consists of a single solvent with a constant composition. <3> The flow rate of the mobile phase is regulated. <4> All the options are correct.
Output: chemistry
Question: The most common use of indirect ELISA is the quantification of: 
 Options:  <0> Serum proteins. <1> The cytotoxicity mediated by NK lymphocytes. <2> The activation of the complement. <3> Specific antibodies in a serum. <4> Apoptosis
Output: biology
Question: A 55-year-old man came to the nursing consultation for follow-up of newly diagnosed hypertension. In the assessment he says that he smokes 15 cigars a day. Taking advantage of the opportunity of the consultation, the nurse provides information on the importance of quitting smoking and offers support if you decide to quit. This type of EpS intervention is considered: 
 Options:  <0> Advice / Information. <1> Individual attention <2> Health promotion. <3> EpS sued. <4> All are correct.
Output: nursery
Question: In relation to the process of formation of impressions, what does the phenomenon of Perceptual Defense refer to? 
 Options:  <0> Low threshold to perceive threatening stimuli. <1> Low threshold of recognition before stimuli that satisfy our needs. <2> High threshold to perceive threatening stimuli. <3> High threshold of recognition before positive stimuli. <4> Low threshold to perceive both negative and positive stimuli.
Output: psychology
Question: The hormone that facilitates the reabsorption of water by the kidneys, whose absence causes loss of large amounts of water in the urine, is called: 
 Options:  <0> Oxytocin <1> Vasopressin <2> Dopamine <3> Cholecystokinin <4> Glutamate.
Output: psychology
Question: In acute coronary syndrome with ST-segment elevation, heparin is used because: 
 Options:  <0> It is fibrinolytic, since it destroys the thrombus. <1> It inhibits the formation of more thrombi and prevents their recurrence. <2> It inhibits platelet aggregation. <3> Restores the patency of the coronary artery immediately. <4> All the previous answers are correct.
Output: nursery
Question: The aldol condensation gives rise to: 
 Options:  <0> Α, β-unsaturated amides. <1> Saturated amides. <2> Α, β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds. <3> Chiral compounds. <4> Β, γ-unsaturated carbonyl compounds.
Output: chemistry
Question: Which of the following compounds acts as a reducing agent in fatty acid biosynthesis ?: 
 Options:  <0> NADH <1> NADPH. <2> FAD +. <3> FADH. <4> NADP +.
Output: chemistry
Question: The main method for the preparation of βceto esters is the reaction known as: 
 Options:  <0> Malonic synthesis <1> Acetoacetic synthesis. <2> Condensing of Claisen. <3> Perkin reaction. <4> Hofmann reaction.
Output: pharmacology
Question: Question linked to image nº12 An 88-year-old woman with a history of Alzheimer's dementia, mitral insufficiency and persistent atrial fibrillation, enters a hospital due to a deterioration in her general condition that is attributed to a urinary tract infection. The peripheral venous routes are not accessible and it is decided to channel a central vein through a peripheral vein (cephalic vein) guided by ultrasound. Once the technique is done, it is verified that the blood flows back normally through the catheter. The patient did not present any complications during the maneuver and a catheter control X-ray was later performed. Where do you think the distal end of the catheter has been located? 
 Options:  <0> Right subclavian vein <1> Right jugular vein <2> Vena cava superior. <3> Right basilic vein. <4> Brachiocephalic trunk.
Output: medicine
Question: In the urea cycle, the argininsuccinate: 
 Options:  <0> It generates fumarate and arginine by argininesuccinase. <1> It has five amino groups in its structure. <2> Its synthesis produces energy in the form of ATP. <3> It is synthesized in the mitochondria. <4> It is a keto acid.
Output: biology
Question: 18-year-old girl who came to the Hospital for edema in lower limbs of 1 week of evolution, highlighting in the laboratory a proteinuria in the nephrotic range with hypoproteinemia and hypoalbuminemia. In the anamnesis he refers to recurrent oral aphthae, arthritis of small joints of the hands, malar rash and photosensitivity. In the etiological study, the presence of ANA and antiDNA with hypocomplementemia stands out. The determination of ANCA is negative. A renal biopsy is performed in which we could find any of these types of glomerulonephritis, EXCEPT: 
 Options:  <0> Mesangial GNF. <1> Necrotizing GNF paucinmune. <2> Focal proliferative GNF. <3> Diffuse proliferative GNF. <4> Membranous GNF.
Output: medicine
Question: Which of the following statements about focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver is true? 
 Options:  <0> It is considered that its appearance is related to the consumption of contraceptives. <1> The risk of breakage hemoperitoneum is similar to that of the adenoma. <2> There is a risk of tumor degeneration. <3> It behaves as a focal hypovascular lesion in computed tomography with contrast administration. <4> In the histological study of the lesion, in addition to hepatocytes, bile ducts and other liver cells can be observed.
Output: medicine
Question: A 72-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes and chronic renal failure in stage 5. If a pulmonary thromboembolism is suspected, indicate which diagnostic test would be contraindicated: 
 Options:  <0> Transthoracic echocardiogram. <1> Pulmonary scintigraphy <2> Pulmonary angioCT. <3> Electrocardiogram. <4> Chest x-ray.
Output: medicine
Question: A patient with a history of excessive alcohol consumption has been diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis due to cough, fever, expectoration, and isolation in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis sputum culture. The patient has begun treatment with isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol and pyrazinamide, with adequate tolerance. A report of resistance to rifampicin of M. tuberculosis isolated in the sputum is received 20 days after the start of treatment. What regime would you select based on this report? 
 Options:  <0> Isoniazid, ethambutol, pyrazinamide for 12 months. <1> Isoniazid, ethambutol, pyrazinamide for 12 months and streptomycin for two months. <2> Isoniazid, ethambutol, pyrazinamide for 12 months and a quinolone for two months. <3> Isoniazid, ethambutol, pyrazinamide and a quinolone for 18 months. <4> Isoniazid, ethambutol, pyrazinamide for 18 months and streptomycin and a quinolone for two months.
Output: medicine
Question: Which of the following species of Candida spp, is usually resistant or at least have a decreased sensitivity to fluconazole? 
 Options:  <0> C. albicans. <1> C. tropicalis. <2> C. parapsilosis. <3> C. Krusei. <4> C. giliermondii.
Output: medicine
Question: In protein biosynthesis, base pairing takes place during the translation process between: 
 Options:  <0> RNA and DNA <1> DNA and ribosomal RNA <2> Transfer RNA and ribosomal RNA <3> The messenger RNA and the transfer RNA. <4> 18S ribosomal RNA and 5S ribosomal RNA.
Output: chemistry
Question: The QT interval of the electrocardiogram indicates the duration of: 
 Options:  <0> Atrial contraction <1> Ventricular contraction. <2> Ventricular relaxation <3> Atrial relaxation <4> Delay in the atrioventricular node.
Output: biology
Question: In personality psychology, when talking about consistency and stability of the personality, one can be referring to the observation that: 
 Options:  <0> The features that the person shows are coherent with their ontogenetic history. <1> The behaviors and situations that are equated through the time points are similar. <2> Personality is the response to situational demands. <3> The items that evaluate a trait maintain high correlations with each other. <4> Stable and consistent behaviors are indicators of mental health.
Output: psychology
Question: The Purkinje cells of the cerebellum receive direct input from: 
 Options:  <0> Spinal neurons <1> Neurons of deep cerebellar nuclei. <2> Climbing fibers <3> Mossy fibers. <4> Pyramidal neurons of cerebral cortex.
Output: biology
Question: The structured and semi-structured clinical interviews are based on: 
 Options:  <0> The analysis of the problem behaviors. <1> The initial exploration and the demand of the client. <2> The categories and diagnostic criteria. <3> The observation of nonverbal behavior. <4> The adjustment of the patient's demand and the functional hypothesis.
Output: psychology
Question: Gallium is the element that is under the aluminum in group 13 of the periodic table. Thus: 
 Options:  <0> It burns in oxygen giving Ga2O. <1> It is stable to air due to a protective oxide layer. <2> It dissolves very quickly in nitric acid. <3> It is not soluble in basic water with hydrogen evolution. <4> It has a melting point a little higher than aluminum.
Output: chemistry
Question: The reaction of Diels Alder is an example of reaction: 
 Options:  <0> Concerted and stereospecific. <1> Nucleophilic substitution of order 2. <2> Nucleophilic substitution of order 1. <3> Condensation polymerization. <4> Nucleophilic addition.
Output: pharmacology
Question: What type of enzymatic activity does primase present in DNA replication ?: 
 Options:  <0> RNA polymerase <1> Helicasa <2> DNA polymerase <3> RNA ligase. <4> DNA ligase.
Output: pharmacology
Question: In which four problem areas does interpersonal therapy for depression focus? 
 Options:  <0> Interpersonal disputes, sexual relationships, interpersonal deficits and mother-child relationships during childhood. <1> Interpersonal deficits, mother-child relationships during childhood, sexual relations and role transition. <2> Mourning, interpersonal disputes, role transition and interpersonal deficits. <3> Sexual relations, mother-child relationships during childhood, relationship problems and current family problems. <4> Grief, mother-child relationships during childhood, interpersonal disputes and sexual relationships.
Output: psychology
Question: A 40-year-old woman who consulted for approximately 20 episodes a day of intense pain, left periocular of 15 minutes duration, accompanied by intense lacrimation and rhinorrhea. Your scan and magnetic resonance are normal. Your treatment of choice would be: 
 Options:  <0> Indomethacin <1> Lamotrigine <2> Verapamil <3> Prednisone. <4> Lithium carbonate.
Output: medicine
Question: He has been considered the father of modern Toxicology for his clinical, pathological and forensic contributions to this science: 
 Options:  <0> Paracelsus <1> Claudio Bernard. <2> Richard Alzheimer. <3> Mateo Orfila. <4> Hippocrates
Output: pharmacology
Question: According to the Biopharmaceutical Classification System, a drug that has low permeability and high solubility, such as cimetidine, is a drug of: 
 Options:  <0> Class I. <1> Class II <2> Class III <3> Class IV. <4> Class V.
Output: pharmacology
Question: Which Clostridium genus is a producer of enterotoxin A and cytotoxin B responsible for diarrhea (pseudomembranous colitis) associated with treatment with antimicrobials ?: 
 Options:  <0> Clostridium perfringens. <1> Clostridium difficile. <2> Clostridium botulinum. <3> Clostridium novyi. <4> Clostridium histolyticum.
Output: pharmacology
Question: Comparing the redox behavior of the silver and sodium systems: 
 Options:  <0> Na + is a good oxidant, because its system has a high reduction potential. <1> Ag is an excellent oxidant, so it does not rust in the air. <2> Ag + is a good oxidant, and therefore easily reducible to metal. <3> The two metals dissolve in acid medium releasing H2 <4> The two metals dismute spontaneously in water.
Output: chemistry
Question: A clathrate is: 
 Options:  <0> A type of covalent interaction. <1> The formation of a regular water network around non-polar molecules. <2> The formation of a regular network of water around polar molecules. <3> The structure of a lipid network around a protein. <4> A nucleoprotein complex.
Output: chemistry
Question: It is absent from connective tissues: 
 Options:  <0> Goblet cell. <1> Adipocy <2> Mastocito <3> Lymphocyte <4> Eosinophilic
Output: biology
Question: Which of the following molecules has triangular plane geometry? 
 Options:  <0> BF3. <1> NH3. <2> AsH3. <3> XeO3. <4> ClF3.
Output: pharmacology
Question: Among the characteristic components of the adaptive immune system are: 
 Options:  <0> The epithelial cells. <1> The macrophages. <2> The NK lymphocytes. <3> C-reactive protein <4> The B lymphocytes
Output: biology
Question: Which of the following diatomic molecules has the lowest binding energy ?: 
 Options:  <0> N2 <1> H2. <2> I2. <3> O2. <4> Cl2.
Output: pharmacology
Question: For bi-component drugs it is true that: 
 Options:  <0> The apparent volume of the distribution decreases with time from a maximum value to a value that becomes constant. <1> The apparent volume of distribution as a function of the area is greater than the apparent volume of distribution in the steady state of equilibrium. <2> The apparent volume of distribution is constant over time. <3> The so-called initial distribution volume is greater than the apparent volume of distribution in phase . <4> The apparent volume of distribution calculated by extrapolation is less than the apparent volume of distribution in the steady state equilibrium.
Output: pharmacology
Question: The presence (x = 1) or absence (x = 0) of bacteriuria has been determined in a group of subjects. What kind of variable is it? 
 Options:  <0> Ordinal. <1> Numeric <2> Categorical <3> Continuous quantitative <4> Discrete quantitative.
Output: medicine
Question: The carbon skeleton of proline enters the citric acid cycle in the form of: 
 Options:  <0> Fumarate <1> Isocitrate. <2> α-Cetuglutarate. <3> Oxalacetate. <4> Succinate
Output: chemistry
Question: When you assess the nutritional status of the patient in the preoperative period, you should know that if he suffers from a deficit of Vitamin C, he may present in the postoperative period: 
 Options:  <0> Problems in the synthesis of prothrombin. <1> Tachycardia. <2> Leukopenia <3> Healing problems in the wound. <4> Alteration in the metabolism of carbohydrates.
Output: nursery
Question: Which of the following heterocycles is considered a bioisosterer of the catecholic system ?: 
 Options:  <0> Pyridine <1> Indole. <2> Tetrazol <3> Thiophene <4> Benzimidazole
Output: pharmacology
Question: In the elderly the total body water: 
 Options:  <0> It is half that in the adult. <1> It decreases fundamentally at the expense of the intravascular compartment. <2> It decreases mainly due to the reduction of extracellular fluid. <3> It decreases greatly as a result of the loss of muscle mass. <4> It represents 30% of body weight.
Output: nursery
Question: Within the field of bacteriology, what statement is valid in relation to the phenomenon of phage conversion ?: 
 Options:  <0> It is a consequence of infection by a lytic phage. <1> It does not imply genotypic alterations. <2> It involves the lysogenization of the bacteria by a phage. <3> It does not imply phenotypic alterations. <4> It is a specialized process of conjugation.
Output: pharmacology
Question: The completion of the translation: 
 Options:  <0> It takes place in AUG codons. <1> It is produced by incorporation of an empty tRNA. <2> It occurs when the ribosome reaches the end of the mRNA. <3> It does not consume energy. <4> It is mediated by proteins with structure similar to tRNA.
Output: biology
Question: One of the following statements is false in relation to the pharmacological effects of growth hormone: 
 Options:  <0> Acts directly on adipocytes to increase lipogenesis. <1> Stimulates the longitudinal growth of the bones. <2> It has anti-insulin actions in the liver. <3> Increase muscle mass <4> Many effects of growth hormone are due to insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1).
Output: pharmacology
Question: Which of the following administration routes are commonly used for drugs of a peptide and protein nature ?: 
 Options:  <0> Oral. <1> Intravenous, intramuscular and subcutaneous. <2> Oral, intravenous and subcutaneous. <3> Oral, intranasal and inhalation. <4> Oral, intramuscular and intranasal.
Output: pharmacology
Question: Which of the following substances is used as a catalyst in the Contact Process during the manufacture of sulfuric acid ?: 
 Options:  <0> RuO2. <1> V2O5 <2> Cr2O3. <3> RhO2. <4> PdO.
Output: pharmacology
Question: All the following diseases can be accompanied by palpable splenomegaly, EXCEPT one. Indicate the latter: 
 Options:  <0> Non-Hodgkin lymphoma. <1> Multiple myeloma. <2> Tricholeukemia. <3> Gaucher disease. <4> Myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia.
Output: medicine
Question: 50-year-old man, mechanic, consulted for a two-year evolution of difficulty in handling the right hand and a feeling of stiffness in the arm. His wife notices his expressionless face and reports that he has very vivid nightmares that wake him up agitated. During the examination, rigidity was observed in the right limbs and slow walking without right arm. What is the most likely diagnosis? 
 Options:  <0> Left thalamic lacunar infarct. <1> Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. <2> Parkinson's disease <3> Cervical plexopathy <4> Corticobasal degeneration.
Output: medicine
Question: Glucagon increases the activity of: 
 Options:  <0> Protein kinase A. <1> Acetyl-CoA carboxylase. <2> Pyruvate kinase. <3> Glycogen synthase. <4> Fosfofructoquinasa-1.
Output: chemistry
Question: The main indication for using 4 drugs in the initial treatment of tuberculosis is: 
 Options:  <0> Affectation of the central nervous system. <1> High prevalence of primary resistance to isoniazid. <2> Cavitated and extensive pulmonary tuberculosis with large bacillary load. <3> Disseminated tuberculosis associated with HIV infection. <4> Extrapulmonary tuberculosis in immunodepressed patients of any origin.
Output: medicine
Question: For what purpose do Clark and Beck (2010) propose, within the cognitive therapy of anxiety disorders, the exercises of induction of symptoms in the treatment of panic disorder ?: 
 Options:  <0> To provoke the integration of the reflective processes of higher level of cognitive processing. <1> To create opportunities to challenge the catastrophic misinterpretations of bodily sensations. <2> To facilitate the use of self-guided meditation. <3> To generate new security search behaviors. <4> The induction of symptoms is not contemplated in the model of cognitive anxiety therapy.
Output: psychology
Question: Male, 68 years old, presented with muscle cramps, hypotension, fasciculations and bronchoconstriction. He has been using organophosphorus pesticides in the garden. He has not used a mask or gloves. What would be the drug of choice for its treatment? 
 Options:  <0> Carbidopa. <1> Acetylcholine <2> Nicotine. <3> Flumazenil <4> Pralidoxime
Output: pharmacology
Question: With regard to the alkaloids derived from ergoline: 
 Options:  <0> They can be obtained by fermentation of pure Claviceps purpurea cultures and derived from phenylalanine and isoprene obtained by the mevalonic acid route (MVA). <1> They can be obtained by fermentation of pure cultures of Claviceps purpurea and derived from tyrosine and isoprene obtained by the DOXP route. <2> They can be obtained by fermentation of pure cultures of Claviceps purpurea and derived from tryptophan and isoprene obtained by the route of mevalonic acid (MVA). <3> They can be obtained by rye infection with Claviceps purpurea spores and derived from tryptophan and isoprene obtained by the DOXP route. <4> They can be obtained by wheat infection with Claviceps purpurea spores and derived from tyrosine and isoprene obtained by the mevalonic acid (MVA) route.
Output: pharmacology
Question: From the perspective of health management, what do the initials GRD correspond to ?: 
 Options:  <0> An international radiodiagnosis network based on teleradiology. <1> The online reports provided by the advanced information system of some hospitals, on the availability of beds, operating rooms and high-tech diagnostic tests. <2> A report prepared by the Ministry of Health, which contains the conclusions of a panel of experts, which recommends strategies on Information Technology and Communications. <3> An organism, dependent on the World Health Organization specialized in health information systems. <4> A classification system for patients with episodes of hospitalization.
Output: nursery
Question: The primary prevention measures of sexually transmitted infections do NOT include: 
 Options:  <0> Perform anamnesis from age 12 to identify risky sexual behaviors and practices. <1> Encourage the correct and regular use of the male or female condom from the first sexual relationship. <2> Develop HBV vaccination campaigns in risk groups such as injecting drug users. <3> Performing frequent cytologies in sexually active women. <4> Redirect school sexual education programs towards a healthy and responsible sexuality.
Output: nursery
Question: What values ​​obtained in an arterial blood gas are considered within the normal parameters in an adult person ?: 
 Options:  <0> PaCO2 65mmHg, PaO2 80mmHg, pH 7.55. <1> PaCO2 35mmHg, PaO2 110mmHg, pH 7.55. <2> PaCO2 35mmHg, PaO2 90mmHg, pH 7.35. <3> PaCO2 80mmHg, PaO2 35mmHg, pH 7.35. <4> PaCO2 20mmHg, PaO2 90mmHg, pH 7.45.
Output: nursery
Question: A patient with an internal arteriovenous fistula in the left arm will recommend: 
 Options:  <0> Put on a compressive bandage for protection. <1> Perform elbow flexion and extension exercises to activate their maturation. <2> Feel the fistula daily to check that it works. <3> Clean the surrounding skin with an antiseptic every day. <4> Lift weight with that hand to achieve vascular remodeling.
Output: nursery
Question: A 52-year-old male presents with acute form a confusional syndrome, paresis of both external ocular rectus muscles and gait ataxia. 
 Options:  <0> Hyperglycemic encephalopathy. <1> Korsakoff encephalopathy. <2> Cerebellar infarction. <3> Administer thiamin immediately. <4> Lead poisoning.
Output: medicine
Question: The ability to grasp the principles by which a distinction is made between what is morally good or bad is called: 
 Options:  <0> Moral action <1> Moral conscience. <2> Moral freedom <3> Ideal moral. <4> Moral capacity
Output: nursery
Question: The structure of one of the following globular proteins is mostly in alpha helix and lacks beta sheet: 
 Options:  <0> Myoglobin <1> Chymotrypsin <2> Ribonuclease. <3> Lysozyme <4> Carboxypeptidase
Output: pharmacology
Question: The existence of a statistically significant association between two ordinal variables can be determined by: 
 Options:  <0> The Kruskal-Wallis test. <1> The Pearson correlation. <2> The Kappa test. <3> The Spearman correlation. <4> The Wilcoxon test.
Output: psychology
Question: Within head and neck carcinomas, what type of tumor is most obviously related to the human papillomavirus? 
 Options:  <0> Squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx. <1> Squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx. <2> Squamous cell carcinoma of the hypopharynx. <3> Adenocarcinoma sinonasal. <4> Undifferentiated carcinoma of cavum.
Output: medicine
Question: What is the main risk factor in the appearance of ischemic or hemorrhagic ICTUS? 
 Options:  <0> Cardiopathy <1> Mellitus diabetes. <2> Hyperlipidemia <3> Arterial hypertension. <4> Obesity.
Output: nursery
Question: Stimulates lipogenesis and glycogen synthesis: 
 Options:  <0> Insulin. <1> Glucagon. <2> Cortisol <3> Adrenalin. <4> GH
Output: biology
Question: What are the characteristics that favor intrinsic motivation? 
 Options:  <0> Self-determination and competence. <1> Condescension and complexity <2> Routine and condescension. <3> Novelty and unpredictability. <4> Simplicity and reward.
Output: psychology
Question: The bodily delusion idea is defined as: 
 Options:  <0> Delusional idea whose main content refers to the functioning of one's own body. <1> Delusional idea that the subject has lost or will lose all or almost all his physical possessions. <2> Ideal delirious in which the feelings, impulses, thoughts or acts are lived as if they were not their own and were imposed by some external force. <3> Delusional idea whose content implies an exaggerated assessment of personal importance, power, knowledge or identity. <4> Delusional idea about the non-existence of the self.
Output: psychology
Question: RNA polymerases are characterized by: 
 Options:  <0> Begin RNA synthesis without the need for primers. <1> Synthesize RNA in the 3 '-> 5' direction. <2> A lower error rate than DNA polymerases. <3> Incorporate ribonucleotides without the need for a mold. <4> Enter T instead of U.
Output: biology
Question: We have the registry of subjects who are vaccinated against the flu in a specific region and campaign, which includes information at the time of vaccination on pathological history, age, sex and type of vaccine. For the same subjects we also have the registry with hospital discharge diagnoses, which occurred after the date of vaccination, and there is a personal identifier common to both registers. Indicate which of these studies would be possible to carry out using only the aforementioned sources of information: 
 Options:  <0> An analytical cohort study to determine if vaccination increases the risk of developing Guillain-Barré syndrome in the first 16 weeks after influenza vaccination. <1> A descriptive analysis to estimate the incidence of acute myocardial infarction in the first 16 weeks after anti-flu vaccination. <2> A descriptive analysis to estimate the incidence of fever in the first week after the influenza vaccination. <3> A clinical trial that compares the risk of serious post-vaccine reactions (involving hospital admission) with two of the types of influenza vaccines used in that campaign. <4> A case-control study to determine if vaccination increases the risk of developing an acute myocardial infarction.
Output: medicine
Question: A 26-year-old woman comes to the emergency room due to abdominal pain and scarce vaginal blood loss. It refers to an amenorrhea of ​​7 weeks. You perform a pregnancy test, with a positive result. What is the next step? 
 Options:  <0> Perform a vaginal ultrasound examination. <1> Recommend home rest and repeat the pregnancy test in a week. <2> Evacuate the uterus by curettage by aspiration. <3> Standard progesterone micronized vaginally until week 14 of gestation. <4> Evacuate the uterus by intravaginal administration of prostaglandins.
Output: medicine
Question: Indicate the correct answer regarding the pancreas: 
 Options:  <0> Your alpha cells secrete insulin. <1> Its F cells produce somatostatin, which accelerates the secretion of glucagon. <2> Your alpha cells secrete glucagon, which increases the concentration of blood glucose. <3> It is an exclusively endocrine gland. <4> Its delta cells secrete pancreatic polypeptide.
Output: nursery
Question: According to DSM-IV-TR, obsessive-compulsive disorder and obsessive personality disorder share nominal similarities, but how do clinical manifestations differ? 
 Options:  <0> Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder is not characterized by the presence of obsessions or compulsions. <1> Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder is characterized by the presence of obsessions without compulsions. <2> Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder is characterized by the presence of compulsions. <3> The obsessive-compulsive personality disorder is not characterized by the presence of obsessions or compulsions for at least 6 months. <4> Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder is not characterized by the presence of obsessions or compulsions for at least 1 year.
Output: psychology
Question: The aminotransferases: 
 Options:  <0> They participate only in the synthesis of amino acids. <1> They participate only in the degradation of amino acids. <2> They participate in the synthesis and degradation of amino acids. <3> Your heart levels are very low. <4> None of the previous answers is true.
Output: chemistry
Question: 73-year-old man, ex-smoker, history of hypertension, grade II obesity, type 2 diabetes and severe COPD with chronic home oxygen therapy. He went to the Emergency Department due to a progressive increase in his habitual dyspnea, purulent expectoration and a temperature of 37.9ºC in 4 days of evolution. His family doctor had prescribed moxifloxacin, paracetamol, deflazacort, aerosol therapy and increased oxygen flow 2 days before. On physical examination the patient is in regular general condition, conscious, sleep tendency, tachypneic at 28 rpm and utilization of accessory muscles, temperature 38.2ºC, oxygen saturation of 87%, TA 115/62 mmHg, heart rate 110 lpm; vesicular murmur diminished globally, wheezing and scattered rhonchi and moist crepitations in bases. The analyte highlights 16,500 / uL leukocytes with 14,900 neutrophils, hemoglobin 14 g / dL, glucose 240 mg / dL, urea 56 mg / dL, creatinine 1.3 mg / dL, Na 133 mEq / L, K 3.7 mEq / L. In the ECG, sinus tachycardia was observed. The arterial blood gases show: pH 7.29, pCO2 64 mmHg, pO2 59 mmHg, HCO3 28 mg / dL. The chest radiograph shows no condensation or pleural effusion. Which of the following clinical management options would you establish in the first place? 
 Options:  <0> Start treatment with intravenous diuretics, oxygen with a high-flow 50% mask and continue with the rest of the prescribed treatment. <1> Start treatment with salbutamol and steroid sprays, add a cephalosporin to the antibiotic treatment, intensify oxygen therapy in nasal glasses at 4 liters per minute and maintain deflazacort. <2> Start treatment of acidosis with 1M bicarbonate, correct hyperglycemia, maintain antibiotic treatment and prescribe steroids plus intravenous diuretics. <3> Given the patient's serious situation, orotracheal intubation would be carried out prior to preparation (pre-oxygenation and premedication) and to notify Intensive Care Medicine. <4> Start treatment with non-invasive mechanical ventilation (two-level positive pressure mode), prescribe salbutamol aerosols and intravenous steroids and maintain intravenous antibiotic treatment.
Output: medicine
Question: The component of the Gram-negative bacteria directly responsible for the endotoxic activity is: 
 Options:  <0> Lipid A. <1> The porinas. <2> The penicillin binding proteins. <3> The O antigen <4> The lipoproteins.
Output: biology
Question: When training in self-instruction is done in young children, which of the following indications may NOT help the success of the training? 
 Options:  <0> Begin training with play activities. <1> Work with two children. <2> Use imagination techniques. <3> Encourage the child to memorize and mechanically use the self-instructions. <4> Combine with reinforcement techniques.
Output: psychology
Question: Of the drugs reviewed, which of them does NOT act on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system ?: 
 Options:  <0> Atenolol. <1> Captopril. <2> Minoxidil <3> Eplerenone. <4> Aliskiren.
Output: pharmacology
Question: Protein kinase A (PKA): 
 Options:  <0> It induces the synthesis of glycogen in response to an increase in glucagon in the blood. <1> It is a membrane protein that is activated in response to an increase in circulating GTP. <2> It is activated through the cAMP produced in response to an increase in adrenaline in the circulation. <3> It inhibits the lipolysis of triacylglycerides accumulated in adipose tissue, in response to an increase in intracellular cAMP. <4> It is a monomeric protein that inhibits the synthesis of ATP and muscle contraction.
Output: pharmacology
Question: You are evaluating the site where 100 abandoned dogs are collected. Of the data coming from the observation they emphasize the situation of overcrowding of the animals, the environment full of dust and the state of excitation of the animals. While interviewing one of the workers, he informs her that he has been working for 6 years from 7:00 a.m. to 1:30 p.m., feeding and drinking the animals and cleaning the living quarters where they live. He has never felt bad, believes that no dog is going to bite him and that he knows nothing of the precautions and cares that must be maintained while he works. With the data you have, determines that there is a situation of: 
 Options:  <0> Personal oversight <1> Infective role performance. <2> Provision to improve self-care. <3> Risk of infection <4> Risk of contamination.
Output: nursery
Question: A 45-year-old patient with a moderate smoking habit, no drinker, no other history of interest who has been diagnosed with squamous carcinoma of the oropharynx cT1N2b. It is pending decision of treatment in committee. What infectious agent would you be interested in confusing before proposing the treatment? 
 Options:  <0> Helicobacter pylori. <1> Herpes Simplex virus type 2. <2> Human papilloma virus. <3> Epstein Barr virus. <4> Cytomegalovirus.
Output: medicine
Question: One of the enzymes mentioned below does not intervene in glycogen metabolism: 
 Options:  <0> Glycogen synthase. <1> Glycogen phosphorylase. <2> Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. <3> Phosphoglucomutase <4> UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase.
Output: chemistry
Question: Which of the following steps is not part of gluconeogenesis? 
 Options:  <0> Oxalacetate to pyruvate. <1> Pyruvate to oxaloacetate. <2> Glucose-6-P to glucose. <3> Fructose-1, 6-bisP to fructose-6-P. <4> Oxalacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate.
Output: chemistry