niryuu/sni-each-converted huggingface dataset:
Question: A 52-year-old woman is detected on a mammogram by a nodule and is advised to perform a biopsy by puncture with ultrasound control. The patient asks you about the probability of having cancer if the test comes out positive. Since you have no experience in this area, you are looking for and find a study that includes 112 patients, 18 with cancer and 94 without cancer. Of the 18 patients with cancer, the puncture gave a positive result in 16 and of the 94 patients without cancer the puncture gave a negative result in 88. With these data the correct answer is: 
 Options:  <0> 0,727. <1> 0.93. <2> 0.645. <3> 0.56. <4> It can not be calculated because the prevalence of the disease is not known.
Output: medicine
Question: Which of the following statements related to breast cancer is correct ?: 
 Options:  <0> Infiltrative ductal carcinoma is the least frequent histological type (around 510%) <1> If the tumor is located in the nipple, it is called Paget's disease. <2> Total mastectomy involves excision of the breast, the areola-nipple complex, and axillary lymph node dissection. <3> It does not produce metastasis in the bone tissue. <4> When there is metastasis, hormone therapy is contraindicated.
Output: nursery
Question: The T lymphocyte receptor (TCR): 
 Options:  <0> Experience change of class. <1> Does not experience affinity maturation. <2> It transmits signals to the T lymphocyte on its own. <3> It has two sites of antigen recognition such as antibodies. <4> Performs effector functions mediated by its constant regions.
Output: biology
Question: A 55-year-old woman with adrenal insufficiency has been prescribed corticosteroid treatment. Which of the following instructions would you provide in relation to this treatment? 
 Options:  <0> Take the drug first thing in the morning. <1> Take the drug before bedtime. <2> Exclude foods rich in calcium and vitamin D from the diet. <3> Eat a diet low in calories and protein. <4> Monitor the decrease in blood pressure.
Output: nursery
Question: Faced with a 23-year-old patient who went to the emergency room on a Friday morning after a street fight, with clear signs of enolism and knife injury (stabbing) at the level of III right intercostal space 3 mm from the sternal margin, actively bleeding and hemodynamically unstable associated with marked hypophonia of all right hemithorax. Which structure of the following should you think may be injured? 
 Options:  <0> Right primitive carotid artery. <1> Right internal thoracic artery. <2> Right subscapular artery. <3> Upper right thyroid artery. <4> Thigh superior thymic artery.
Output: medicine
Question: The dehydrogenation of alkylbenzenes is not a convenient laboratory method, but it is used in an industrial way to convert ethylbenzene to: 
 Options:  <0> Cumeno <1> Toluene <2> Styrene <3> Phenol. <4> Naphthalene
Output: chemistry
Question: A 40-year-old patient, classified as ASA I according to the scale of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, is undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy for cholelithiasis. The intervention takes place initially without complications, but fifty minutes into the procedure there is a significant increase in the levels of teleespiratory carbon dioxide (CO2), without altering the oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry or raising the ventilation pressures . What would be your diagnosis of presumption and your attitude to this finding? 
 Options:  <0> With these findings we must suspect the existence of subcutaneous emphysema, so we must explore the patient and request that the insufflation pressure of the pneumoperitoneum be reduced or even interrupted. <1> The most likely diagnosis is a pneumothorax secondary to carbon dioxide or capnothorax, so an urgent chest radiograph must be ordered and the insertion of a thoracic drain must be prepared. <2> The elevation of carbon dioxide levels is normal in the context of a laparoscopic intervention. The only attitude to take is to increase the minute volume in the anesthetic machine. <3> The placement of the orotracheal tube should be checked for the possibility that it has progressed and that we are facing an endobronchial intubation, which is relatively frequent in this surgery due to the elevation of the diaphragm secondary to the pneumoperitoneum. <4> Elevation of the teleespiratory carbon dioxide, without affecting ventilation pressures, is typical of massive pulmonary embolism. The intervention must be interrupted, ventilated with pure oxygen and prepare vasoactive drugs for the possible hemodynamic instability.
Output: medicine
Question: Regarding COPD, which one is FALSE? 
 Options:  <0> Smoking is the most important factor in the development of COPD. <1> Contrary to asthma, there is no inflammatory component. <2> The genetic factor to develop better documented COPD is the deficit of alpha1 antitrypsin. <3> Acropachies are not characteristic of COPD and their presence should suggest associated bronchiectasis or bronchopulmonary carcinoma. <4> Spirometrically, obstruction is detected by a FEV1 / FVC ratio of less than 0.70.
Output: medicine
Question: Benjamin's Reconstructive Interpersonal Therapy includes as one of the most relevant aspects in the treatment of personality disorders: 
 Options:  <0> Cognitive therapy <1> Group therapy <2> Exposure therapy <3> The solution of emotional problems. <4> The structural analysis of social behavior.
Output: psychology
Question: Interactions between selectins and vascular targeins: 
 Options:  <0> They are very strong. <1> They mediate the first phase of the leukocyte / endothelium adhesion. <2> They are permanent. <3> They mediate firm adhesion to the endothelium. <4> They are very intense in the spleen.
Output: biology
Question: The majority of regulatory T lymphocytes express high levels of: 
 Options:  <0> Molecules of the B7 family. <1> CD8. <2> The alpha chain of the receptor for IL-2. <3> IL-17. <4> Perforin
Output: biology
Question: The content validity of an evaluation instrument refers to: 
 Options:  <0> The evidence obtained by factor analysis. <1> The concurrence of measures. <2> The adequacy in the establishment of inferences. <3> The relevance and representativeness of its items. <4> The significant relationships with other measures.
Output: psychology
Question: A 28-year-old Caucasian woman, Nulípara, attends an annual gynecological examination and requests the possibility of reducing the risk of ovarian cancer given that her mother died of this neoplasm at 64 years of age. In the detailed questioning, no other family history of ovarian or breast cancer is identified. Which of the following strategies is the most appropriate to reduce the risk of ovarian cancer in this patient? 
 Options:  <0> Bilateral tubal occlusion. <1> Bilateral laparoscopic salpingo-oophorectomy. <2> Continuous daily administration of aspirin at low dose. <3> Advise her to use artificial lactation if she is pregnant. <4> Treatment with combined oral contraceptives.
Output: medicine
Question: On the synthesis of proteins it is correct to affirm that: 
 Options:  <0> Start at the carboxyl end. <1> The mRNA is translated from the 5'-end to the 3'-end. <2> In eukaryotes it takes place in the nucleus. <3> The first subunit of the ribosome to bind to the mRNA is the largest. <4> It does not consume energy.
Output: biology
Question: Affinity chromatography is characterized because: 
 Options:  <0> It is a modality of gas chromatography. <1> It is similar to paper chromatography. <2> It is a separation process based on the very selective or specific interactions that exist between biological macromolecules. <3> It is a technique of separating compounds according to their molecular weight. <4> It is a variant of chromatography that employ relatively non-polar stationary phases and more polar solvents, in contrast to normal phase chromatography.
Output: pharmacology
Question: When dissolving a non-volatile solute in a solvent forming a diluted solution, it is observed: 
 Options:  <0> An increase in the freezing temperature of the solvent. <1> An increase in the boiling temperature of the solvent. <2> An increase in the vapor pressure of the solvent. <3> An increase in the chemical potential of the solvent. <4> A change in colligative properties depending on the type of solute.
Output: pharmacology
Question: Which of the following is NOT a complete economic evaluation? 
 Options:  <0> Cost minimization analysis. <1> Analysis of direct and indirect costs. <2> Cost-effectiveness analysis. <3> Cost-utility analysis. <4> Cost-benefit analysis.
Output: pharmacology
Question: A clinical trial is conducted in hypertensive patients to assess the effectiveness of a new drug in reducing the occurrence of heart failure. The Relative Risk (RR) of heart failure in relation to the usual drug is 0.69 with a 95% CI of 0.31 to 1.17. What do these results mean? 
 Options:  <0> The new drug decreases the risk of heart failure significantly. <1> The new drug is very effective and should be marketed. <2> The reduction of the risk of heart failure with the new drug is clinically irrelevant. <3> There are no statistically significant differences between the effect of the drugs studied. <4> The new drug increases the risk of heart failure but not significantly.
Output: medicine
Question: A 7-year-old boy presents a subacute picture of cerebellar ataxia and intracranial hypertension. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrates an expansive lesion in the cerebellar vérmix that captures contrast and obstructs the fourth ventricle. The most likely diagnosis is: 
 Options:  <0> Meningioma <1> Cerebellar metastasis. <2> Glioblastoma multiforme. <3> Medulloblastoma <4> Lymphoma
Output: medicine
Question: The Wittig reaction is one of the most important processes to obtain: 
 Options:  <0> Alquenos <1> Alcanes. <2> Ketones <3> Ethers <4> Nitriles
Output: chemistry
Question: What characterizes dissociative identity disorder ?: 
 Options:  <0> Confusion about personal identity or assumption of a new identity. <1> Presence of two or more distinct identities or personality states that control the behavior of the individual recurrently. <2> A selective amnesia. <3> A persistent or recurrent experience of feeling distanced. <4> A feeling of unreality
Output: psychology
Question: The coupling of a terminal alkyne with vinyl halide by palladium catalysis is known as the reaction of: 
 Options:  <0> Heck <1> Suzuki <2> Sonogashira. <3> Stille <4> Nicolaou
Output: chemistry
Question: 30-year-old man without a history of interest. He came to the clinic because of the presence of small erythematous-violaceous lesions that appear elevated on palpation, in the pretibial region. The analytical study shows a blood count and coagulation study without alterations and in the biochemistry, creatinine and ions are also within the range of normality. The study of urinary sediment demonstrates hematuria, for which the patient had already been studied on other occasions, without obtaining a definitive diagnosis. Regarding the entity that you suspect in this case is FALSE that: 
 Options:  <0> In 20% to 50% of cases there is an elevation of the serum IgA concentration. <1> In the renal biopsy the mesangial deposits of IgA are characteristic. <2> The existence of proteinuria in the nephrotic range is frequent. <3> It is considered a benign entity since less than 1/3 of the patients progress to renal failure. <4> Skin biopsy allows the diagnosis to be established in up to half of the cases.
Output: medicine
Question: Pruritus is a typical manifestation of all the following diseases, except: 
 Options:  <0> Hodgkin lymphoma. <1> Polycythemia vera. <2> Mycosis fungoides <3> Systemic mastocytosis. <4> Acute myeloblastic leukemia.
Output: medicine
Question: In the preoperative period (2-6 years) the child usually thinks that the things of nature (rivers, mountains, etc.) have been built by the human being. This feature is called: 
 Options:  <0> Animism. <1> Realism. <2> Artificialism <3> Utilitarianism. <4> Pre-operative error
Output: psychology
Question: The black indicator of Eriochrome T (N.E.T.) has the following colors depending on the pH: 
 Options:  <0> H2In¯rojo, HIn2- blue, In3- orange and when complexed with metal it is red. <1> H2In¯azul, HIn2- red, In3- orange and when complexed with metal it is red. <2> H2In¯rojo, HIn2- blue, In3- red wine and when complexed with metal it is orange. <3> H2In-red, HIn2- orange, In3- blue and when complexed with metal it is orange. <4> H2In¯azul, HIn2- orange, In3- red and when complexed with metal is orange.
Output: pharmacology
Question: In capillary electrophoresis, in relation to the electroosmotic flow, it can be stated that: 
 Options:  <0> The flow profile is parabolic. <1> The flow profile is practically flat and / or uniform. <2> You can not know its form and direction. <3> The profile of the flow is always inverted. <4> The profile of the flow is never reversed.
Output: pharmacology
Question: To estimate the plasma clearance of a drug (CLIR) that presents a linear kinetic behavior and is excreted significantly in the urine, in a patient with renal failure (RI), it is necessary to know: 
 Options:  <0> Clearance of creatinine in the uremic patient (CLcrIR) and in individuals with normal renal function (CLcrFRN). <1> The renal clearance of the drug in patients with normal renal function (CLrFRN), CLcrIR and CLcrFRN. <2> The fraction of drug excreted in unaltered form in the urine (fr), the dose administered (D), CLrFRN, CLcrIR and CLcrFRN. <3> fr, CLcrIR and CLcrFRN and the plasma clearance of the drug in patients with normal renal function <4> fr, CLrFRN, CLcrIR, CLcrFRN and D.
Output: pharmacology
Question: What type of primary prevention intervention is indicated during the pre-pathogenic period of cardiovascular diseases ?: 
 Options:  <0> Carry out the assessment of cardiovascular risk using the SCORE scale from adolescence. <1> Control of total cholesterol levels periodically based on age. <2> Blood pressure control periodically based on age. <3> Promotion of healthy lifestyles: tobacco consumption, diet and exercise mainly. <4> All measurements are indicated.
Output: nursery
Question: The control of the acid-peptic disease is mainly achieved with PPIs (proton pump inhibitors). The PPIs: 
 Options:  <0> They induce the maximum inhibition of gastric secretion after 3-5 days. <1> They are less effective than H-2 antagonists. <2> They are used as monotherapy to eradicate Helicobacter pylori. <3> They have a faster onset of action than H-2 antagonists. <4> They are not useful in the treatment of stress ulcers.
Output: pharmacology
Question: The gastrointestinal system releases a peptide hormone that increases during fasting and decreases after ingestion, called: 
 Options:  <0> Leptin <1> Cholecystokinin <2> Ghrelin <3> Insulin. <4> Glycogen
Output: psychology
Question: Is the implantation of the fertilized egg in a place other than the uterine endometrium called? 
 Options:  <0> Mola hidatiforme. <1> Septic abortion. <2> Previous placenta. <3> Ectopic pregnancy. <4> Abruptio placentae.
Output: nursery
Question: To detect small deletions or duplications at the genomic level, the technique of choice would be: 
 Options:  <0> Karyotype of bands G. <1> Genomic microarrays. <2> Expression microarrays. <3> PCR <4> RT-PCR.
Output: biology
Question: If metallic copper is added to a solution of iron (III) chloride, it produces: 
 Options:  <0> A precipitate of copper (II) chloride. <1> A solution of copper (II) chloride and iron (II) chloride. <2> A precipitate of iron (II) chloride. <3> A precipitate of metallic iron. <4> A solution of copper (I) chloride and iron (II) chloride.
Output: chemistry
Question: Markovnikov's rule predicts regioselectivity in the reactions of: 
 Options:  <0> Nucleophile substitution. <1> Electrophilic aromatic substitution. <2> Electrophilic addition. <3> Nucleophilic addition. <4> Oxidation of alcohols.
Output: chemistry
Question: The first morphological sign of human gastrulation is: 
 Options:  <0> Formation of the neural tube. <1> Formation of the primitive line. <2> Implantation. <3> Compaction <4> Ovulation.
Output: biology
Question: Which of the following insulins is used for the basal dose in a diabetic patient? 
 Options:  <0> Lispro. <1> Aspart. <2> Metformin. <3> Glargine <4> Regular.
Output: nursery
Question: A baby with 39º C of axillary temperature, edema of the left eyelid and rhinorrhea on the same side goes to the emergency room. What is the most likely diagnosis? 
 Options:  <0> Pansinusitis <1> Left maxillary sinusitis. <2> Left ethmoid sinusitis. <3> Sphenoid sinusitis left. <4> Left frontal sinusitis.
Output: medicine
Question: One of the following enzymes is classified as MAL: 
 Options:  <0> Lactate dehydrogenase - Oxidoreductase. <1> Chymotrypsin - Hydrolase. <2> Fumarasa - Liasa. <3> Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase - Ligase <4> Nucleoside monophosphate kinase - Isomerase.
Output: pharmacology
Question: The ketone bodies: 
 Options:  <0> They are used by the liver to synthesize fatty acids. <1> They only form in conditions of good nutrition. <2> Its formation is especially active in skeletal muscle. <3> It is formed from acetyl-CoA. <4> They never give acetone.
Output: biology
Question: Patient of 74 years of age, asymptomatic, who in a routine analysis presents platelets 40,000 platelets / μL, the remainder being the normal blood cell count and the complete normal biochemistry. Point out the correct answer: 
 Options:  <0> The most likely diagnosis is an Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura and steroid treatment should be started as soon as possible. <1> It is a serious thrombocytopenia with a high risk of spontaneous bleeding. <2> A peripheral blood smear should be performed to rule out pseudotrombocytopenia or spurious thrombocytopenia before further measurements are made. <3> The most probable diagnosis is that of a myelodysplastic syndrome, so the initial test to be performed would be a bone marrow study. <4> An initial study should be performed with viral serologies, autoimmunity study and abdominal ultrasound. If all these tests were normal, the study should be completed with a peripheral blood smear.
Output: medicine
Question: Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex includes the bacillus that causes human tuberculosis (Mycobacterium tuberculosis hominis, Koch's bacillus), as well as other mycobacteria, among which are the following, except one: 
 Options:  <0> Mycobacterium bovis. <1> Mycobacterium africanum. <2> Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG). <3> Mycobacterium microti. <4> Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare.
Output: medicine
Question: It is the etiological agent of cutaneous myiasis: 
 Options:  <0> Glossina palpalis. <1> Dermatobia hominis. <2> Simulimum damnosum. <3> Pulex irritans. <4> Tunga penetrans.
Output: pharmacology
Question: According to the General Health Law 14/1986 of April 25, the territorial framework of Primary Health Care is: 
 Options:  <0> The Health District. <1> The Health Area. <2> The Basic Health Zone. <3> The First Level of Assistance. <4> The Primary Care Center.
Output: nursery
Question: Question linked to image nº11 49-year-old patient without a history of interest. He reports a 2-week history of diffuse abdominal pain independent of ingestion and deposition and accompanied by occasional vomiting, malaise and profuse sweating. Analytical: Hb 12 gr / dL. Leucocytes 10x10 ^ 9 / L (Neutrophil 80%, Lymphocytes 15%, Monocytes 3%, Eosinophils 1%). Platelets 270x10 ^ 9 / L. Glucose 100 mg / dL, Urea 80 mg / dL, Creatinine 1.5 mg / dL, A. Uric 12 mg / dL, LDH 7800 IU / L; GOT, GPT and normal alkaline phosphatase. CT: Large mass (16cm) in retroperitoneum infiltrating pancreas, small bowel loops and right kidney. The biopsy is the one shown in the image. Immunohistochemistry: CD20 (+) CD3 (-) bcl 2 (-), CD10 +, bcl 6 (+), P53 (-), TDT (-) Mib1 (proliferation index) 100%. Genetics: rearrangement of 8q24, c-myc gene. Which is the diagnosis? 
 Options:  <0> Diffuse B-cell large lymphoma. <1> Lymphocytic lymphoma <2> Follicular lymphoma 3b. <3> T-cell lymphoma of the intestinal type. <4> Burkitt lymphoma.
Output: medicine
Question: What characterizes the objective techniques of psychophysiological evaluation? 
 Options:  <0> They are tests with a high ecological validity. <1> Environmental factors (e.g., light, temperature) can affect the reliability of the record. <2> The anxious subjects usually have the same level of activation as the non-anxious ones. <3> Subjects with different anxiety disorders usually have similar patterns of activation at baseline. <4> Subjects with different anxiety disorders usually have similar responses to different stimuli.
Output: psychology
Question: According to the Strategy of the National Drug Plan (2009-2016), among the population groups that benefit from programs and activities aimed at social assistance and integration, there are NO people who: 
 Options:  <0> They consume drugs and they go to the general health network for problems related to their consumption or other health problems. <1> They frequent environments and participate in situations where there is a special facility for consumption. <2> They are affected by dual pathology, they present complicated comorbid conditions that become chronic and worsen the evolution and prognosis of the addictive problem. <3> They are interned in prisons or following alternative programs to the enforcement of prison sentences. <4> They are minors and drug users, inmates in protection or reform centers.
Output: nursery
Question: In the pharmacological treatment of hallucinations and delusions, what is the correct answer? 
 Options:  <0> Between 30-50% of people with psychosis treated with antipsychotics continue to experience difficulties derived from clinical symptoms. <1> Antipsychotics act on the positive symptoms of psychosis, but mainly eliminate the negative symptoms. <2> The extrapyramidal side effects they cause are intractable. <3> When an antipsychotic does not improve symptoms, changing the treatment is not advisable. <4> It is advisable not to combine it with psychological treatment until the psychotic symptoms have disappeared.
Output: psychology
Question: Alveolar ventilation is the volume of air that: 
 Options:  <0> It enters (or exits) the lungs in each breath. <1> It enters (or exits) in the airways every minute. <2> It remains in the alveoli after a normal expiration. <3> Enter (or exit) in the lung exchange zones in one minute <4> It remains in the alveoli after a forced expiration.
Output: biology
Question: During ventricular systole: 
 Options:  <0> All ventricular blood is expelled. <1> Intraventricular pressure is equal in both ventricles. <2> The ventricular volume begins to decrease from the beginning of the contraction. <3> The atrio-ventricular valves are open. <4> The atria are relaxed.
Output: biology
Question: They send efferent projections from the cerebellar cortex the: 
 Options:  <0> Purkinje cells. <1> Climbing fibers <2> Granular cells. <3> Horizontal cells. <4> Mossy fibers.
Output: biology
Question: Histidine is characterized by: 
 Options:  <0> Present an indole group in its structure. <1> Present a unique N in its structure. <2> A side chain of aromatic character. <3> A side chain that can take or release protons at physiological pH. <4> Being a protein involved in inflammation.
Output: biology
Question: Question linked to image nº15 The following diagnostic test that is most appropriate to perform in this patient is: 
 Options:  <0> Angiofluoresceingraphy. <1> Visual evoked potentials. <2> Vitreous sampling using vitrectomy. <3> Nuclear magnetic resonance. <4> Computerized field.
Output: medicine
Question: IL-10 is a cytokine: 
 Options:  <0> Immunosuppressant. <1> Proinflammatory <2> Associated with Th2 responses. <3> Which activates Th1 lymphocytes. <4> Produced by CD8 lymphocytes.
Output: biology
Question: A 30-year-old woman who came to the emergency room due to loss of vision, pain, red eye and photophobia of OI of 5 days of evolution. In the differential diagnosis you must include all these pathologies EXCEPT one: 
 Options:  <0> Anterior uveitis. <1> Corneal ulcer. <2> Traumatic iritis <3> Sclerouveitis. <4> Serous central chorioretinopathy.
Output: medicine
Question: The feet of the following are an integral part of the blood-brain barrier: 
 Options:  <0> Astrocytes <1> Timocytes. <2> Podocytes <3> Ependymal cells. <4> Oligodendrocytes
Output: biology
Question: Which of the following laboratory tests is of choice in the diagnosis of autoimmune hemolytic anemias due to hot antibodies ?: 
 Options:  <0> Ham's test <1> Test of Coombs. <2> Autohemolysis test with glucose. <3> Osmotic resistance test. <4> Electrophoresis of membrane proteins.
Output: pharmacology
Question: Cyclopentadiene is so reactive that leaving it at room temperature slowly dimerizes by a reaction of: 
 Options:  <0> Friedel-Crafts. <1> Diels-Alder. <2> Markovnikov. <3> Suzuki <4> Gabriel.
Output: chemistry
Question: How is the recovery of depression operationalized? (eg, Thase, 2003, APA, 2000): 
 Options:  <0> Reduction of more than 50% of symptoms from the baseline. <1> Reduction of symptoms by more than 75% from the baseline. <2> A score greater than 70 on the Global Activity Assessment Scale (EEAG). <3> Cessation of significant symptoms maintained for at least 6 months and a return to normal functioning. <4> Cessation of significant symptoms for at least the last two months.
Output: psychology
Question: A 45-year-old woman came to the consultation sent from Surgery with the diagnosis of a neuroendocrine tumor diagnosed after partial pancreatectomy due to a 2-cm tumor in the tail of the pancreas. The tumor had been detected by chance on an abdominal CT scan requested to complete the study of a simple liver cyst. Interrogating the patient, the background is irregular rules, being in amenorrhea for 6 months, and repetitive colic of recurrence from the age of 20 for those who have required lithotripsy on several occasions. In addition, he has a family history of renoureteral colic. What is your diagnostic suspicion? 
 Options:  <0> A multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or Wermer syndrome. <1> A multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 A or Sipple syndrome. <2> A multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B. <3> Somatostatinoma. <4> A neuroendocrine tumor producing PTH.
Output: medicine
Question: Patient with polyuria and polydipsia with a specific urine density greater than 1.040. From the following options indicate the most probable diagnosis: 
 Options:  <0> Alcohol intoxication <1> Suppression of ADH (vasopressin) by barbiturates. <2> Mellitus diabetes. <3> Lithium toxicity that causes diabetes insipidus. <4> Central deficit of ADH (vasopressin).
Output: pharmacology
Question: Among the 5 types of histones of chromatin, the one with the lowest molecular weight is: 
 Options:  <0> H2A. <1> H2B. <2> H1 <3> H4 <4> H3
Output: biology
Question: Histidine and histamine are two compounds with biological importance that have in common as a structural unit: 
 Options:  <0> Pyridine <1> Piperidine <2> Triazine <3> Phenol. <4> Imidazole
Output: chemistry
Question: The proofreading activity of the DNA Polymerase is an activity: 
 Options:  <0> 5'-3'Exonuclease. <1> 3'-5'Exonuclease. <2> Polymerizing 5'-3 '. <3> Endonuclease. <4> Transesterifier.
Output: chemistry
Question: The ribosomal proteins bind to the rRNA in the: 
 Options:  <0> Nuclear pore complex. <1> Cytoplasm. <2> Nucleoplasm. <3> Nucleolo. <4> Citosol
Output: biology
Question: A 38-year-old man went to the emergency room for progressive dyspnea and dry cough of a week of evolution. He does not have a history of interest. The vital signs are: temperature 37.8ºC, blood pressure 110/70 mmHg, heart rate 105 bpm and respiratory rate 30 rpm. In the respiratory exploration, percussion dullness, diminution of tactile (vocal) thrill, and diminution of respiratory noises at the base of the right hemithorax stand out. The rest of the physical examination is normal. What is the most likely diagnosis? 
 Options:  <0> Pleural effusion <1> Lobar pneumonia <2> Acute bronchitis. <3> Pulmonary tuberculosis <4> Pneumothorax.
Output: medicine
Question: The α-keratin consists of: 
 Options:  <0> Two dextrorotative α-propellers coiled to form a left-handed helix. <1> Two dextrorotary propellers coiled to form a left-handed helix. <2> Two levorotylar helices coiled to form a levorotatory helix. <3> Two levógiras α helices coiled to form a dextrorotatory helix. <4> One helix α levorotatory and one dextrorotatory coiled to form a levorotatory helix.
Output: chemistry
Question: For a skeletal traction to be effective, the principles that must be met are: 
 Options:  <0> Contraction, continuity and body alignment. <1> Body alignment and joint mobility. <2> Joint mobility and continuity. <3> Contraction and body alignment. <4> Continuity, body alignment and joint mobility.
Output: nursery
Question: The synthesis of a human protein by a bacterium, to which human DNA has been introduced, demonstrates that: 
 Options:  <0> Evolution can be questioned. <1> Bacteria can acquire nucleus. <2> The genetic code is universal. <3> The human proteins are identical to the proteins of the bacteria. <4> The bacteria can be pathogenic.
Output: pharmacology
Question: When assessing the most appropriate contraceptive method for a person, the following should be taken into account: 
 Options:  <0> The Pearl index that reflects the percentage of non-pregnancies of a contraceptive method in relation to the number of cycles of use of this method. <1> The acceptability of the method that is determined by the absence of collateral defects. <2> The innocuousness of the method that is determined by the absence of health risks that its use may entail. <3> The motivation or sociocultural conditions such as the level of education. <4> The reversibility or surgical possibilities of recovering fertility after using the method.
Output: nursery
Question: Within the congenital anomalies of the abdominal wall are the omphalocele and gastroschisis. Both entities are defects of the wall. What is the difference between them? 
 Options:  <0> Omphalocele occurs at the umbilical level and gastroschisis at the epigastric level. <1> The defect, in the case of gastroschisis, is larger than the omphalocele. <2> In the omphalocele, a peritoneal sac covers the abdominal contents and not gastroschisis. <3> Omphalocele, unlike gastroschisis, is frequently associated with intestinal atresia. <4> Unlike the omphalocele, in gastroschisis the surgical treatment can be deferred.
Output: medicine
Question: The research strategy in psychotherapy consisting of comparing all the components of one treatment with another in which one of the components of said treatment is eliminated, is known as: 
 Options:  <0> Unique case design. <1> Dismantling. <2> Process study <3> Standardization of treatments. <4> Placebo design
Output: psychology
Question: For the determination of polychlorinated biphenyls is an environmental sample by gas chromatography, the most appropriate detector would be: 
 Options:  <0> Of flame ionization. <1> Of electronic capture. <2> Thermoionic <3> Of photoionization. <4> Amperometric.
Output: chemistry
Question: Ciprofloxacin is an example of an antibacterial quinolone. What substituent does it carry over the nitrogen in position 1? 
 Options:  <0> Cyclopropyl. <1> Acetyl. <2> Phenyl. <3> It is unsubstituted. <4> Hydroxyl
Output: pharmacology
Question: Which of the following analytical determinations is less useful for decision making in the follow-up and control of an HIV-infected person? 
 Options:  <0> CD4 lymphocyte count in peripheral blood. <1> Quantification of immunoglobulin. <2> Measurement of viral load. <3> Studies of HIV resistance to antiretroviral drugs. <4> Analysis of the co-receptor tropism.
Output: medicine
Question: Question linked to image # 9 What would be the next step in the clinical management of this patient? 
 Options:  <0> Intravenous antibiotic treatment and radiological control in one month. <1> Perform fine needle aspiration of the lesion for microbiological study. <2> Magnetic resonance of the femur and then, if appropriate, biopsy of the lesion. <3> Anti-inflammatory treatment and clinical-radiological evolutionary control. <4> Perform a bone scan with gallium 67.
Output: medicine
Question: The sedation and drowsiness that mirtazapine produces are directly related to its interaction with the receptors: 
 Options:  <0> 5-HT1. <1> Adrenergic 1 and 2. <2> Histaminergic H1. <3> GABA <4> Muscarinic cholinergic
Output: pharmacology
Question: What action would you take if you notice that in the chamber of the hydraulic seal of a patient's chest drainage, the water rises on inspiration and descends on expiration? 
 Options:  <0> Observe possible system bids. <1> Check the pressure level of the suction gauge. <2> Milk the tubes for obstruction. <3> None, since it is a normal finding. <4> Check that the system is placed horizontally.
Output: nursery
Question: Which of the following clinical situations carries a greater risk of progression of chronic kidney disease and would require more strict control by the nephrologist? 
 Options:  <0> Diabetic patient with a glomerular filtration rate of 46 mL / min and a urine albumin / creatinine ratio of 25 mg / g. <1> Diabetic patient with a glomerular filtration rate of 89 mL / min and urine albumin / creatinine ratio of 475 mg / g. <2> Hypertensive patient with glomerular filtration rate of 65 mL / min and urine albumin / creatinine ratio of 150 mg / g. <3> A 70-year-old hypertensive patient with 1 simple cyst in each kidney, a glomerular filtration rate of 35 mL / min and an albumin / creatinine ratio in urine of 10 mg / g. <4> An 87-year-old hypertensive patient with a glomerular filtration rate of 30 mL / min and a urine albumin / creatinine ratio of 5 mg / g.
Output: medicine
Question: Indicate which of the following alterations does NOT correspond to the clinical manifestations of type 1 diabetes in children: 
 Options:  <0> Weight gain. <1> Polydipsia <2> Constipation. <3> Polyphagy <4> Sweating
Output: nursery
Question: Which of the following combinations of drugs is commonly used in the maintenance treatment of patients with a kidney transplant? 
 Options:  <0> Tacrolimus, cyclosporine and mycophenolate mofetil. <1> Tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil and glucocorticoids. <2> Tacrolimus, sirolimus and mycophenolate mofetil. <3> Tacrolimus, azathioprine and mycophenolate mofetil. <4> Cyclosporine, azathioprine and mycophenolate mofetil.
Output: medicine
Question: On certain occasions, when we form an impression of others, we are influenced by our beliefs about the traits that go together in people. What theories put this fact in relief? 
 Options:  <0> Implicit Theories of the Personality. <1> Theories of Corresponding Inferences. <2> Theories of the Integration of Information. <3> Theories of the Central Traits. <4> Theory of Social Identity.
Output: psychology
Question: The molecules of the CD1 family (CD1a, CD1b, CD1c, CD1d and CD1e) are expressed in: 
 Options:  <0> All the cells of the organism. <1> Only in dendritic cells. <2> Only in macrophages. <3> Only in monocytes. <4> Some thymocytes, in dendritic cells, in monocytes and macrophages.
Output: pharmacology
Question: Indicate the correct option regarding the defined daily dose of a medicine: 
 Options:  <0> Corresponds to the maximum daily dose. <1> Corresponds to the initial dose of a treatment. <2> Corresponds to the maintenance dose for the indication that requires a lower dose. <3> Corresponds to the average daily maintenance dose. <4> Corresponds to the initial dose for the main indication.
Output: pharmacology
Question: The recombinant DNA is: 
 Options:  <0> A DNA molecule that activates heterologous recombination. <1> A precursor messenger RNA molecule. <2> A DNA molecule composed of segments covalently linked from two or more sources. <3> A diploid DNA molecule. <4> A multienzyme complex of DNA polymerases covalently linked.
Output: chemistry
Question: The Problem Solving Therapy for depression includes within its proposals: 
 Options:  <0> Train relaxation responses in the patient as a means to improve reflection and the search for solutions. <1> Encourage the patient to take positive actions, whatever they may be, even if they are not aimed at solving any specific problem. <2> Train social skills strategies that help solve important problems. <3> Look for problems in your childhood and adolescence that may be having an impact on your current depression. <4> Minimize the impact of depressive symptoms on attempts to solve.
Output: psychology
Question: If a patient claims to hear voices in Paris when he is in London, we say that he suffers: 
 Options:  <0> A hallucination reflects. <1> A paranoid hallucination. <2> An extracampine hallucination. <3> An autoscopic hallucination. <4> A negative hallucination
Output: psychology
Question: An essential characteristic of plasmids is: 
 Options:  <0> Be able to integrate into the genome of the host cell. <1> Direct the process of bacterial conjugation. <2> Carry genes for antibiotic resistance. <3> Replicate autonomously. <4> Being circular DNA molecules.
Output: biology
Question: The akathisia produced by some drugs is directly related to receptor blockade: 
 Options:  <0> Dopaminergic. <1> Serotoninergic <2> Histaminergic <3> Adrenergic <4> Cholinergic
Output: pharmacology
Question: Ribosomes have three binding sites for the transfer RNAs (RNAs), which are: 
 Options:  <0> Site A of acetyl, P of propyl and E of ethyl. <1> A site of aminoacyl, P of peptidyl and E of exit (from English, exit). <2> A site of aminoacyl, peptidyl P and transferase T of the peptide. <3> Site A of previous, P of posterior and E of entry (of English, entry). <4> A site of aminoacyl, peptidyl P and terminating T.
Output: pharmacology
Question: The Cori cycle: 
 Options:  <0> It involves the synthesis and degradation of glycogen. <1> It does not imply the conversion of lactate into pyruvate. <2> It only takes place in the liver. <3> Oxidizes tricarboxylic acids. <4> It involves glycolysis and gluconeogenesis.
Output: biology
Question: An 80-year-old man with a history of hypertension, ischemic heart disease and COPD, who underwent a complete rectocolonoscopy due to rectal bleeding, with the following findings: polypoid lesion 3 cm in diameter located 10 cm from the anal margin, occupying the half of the circumference. Rest of exploration without findings until blind. In the polyp biopsy, an adenocarcinoma limited to the submucosa is seen. Endorectal ultrasound: uT1N0. Pelvic MRI: T1N0. TC: No evidence of disease at a distance. What will be the most likely therapeutic decision to be made in the Multidisciplinary Tumor Commission? 
 Options:  <0> Abdominal-perineal rectum amputation. <1> Neoadjuvant radiotherapy and low anterior resection of the rectum by laparoscopy. <2> Transanal endoscopic microsurgery. <3> Anterior low resection of laparotomic rectus. <4> Anterior low resection of laparoscopic rectal route and adjuvant radiotherapy.
Output: medicine
Question: What is the characteristic of the quasi-experimental research strategy that differentiates it from the experimental strategy ?: 
 Options:  <0> Single or very small cases are studied. <1> The study is carried out in simulated contexts. <2> There is no random assignment of participants to the different study conditions. <3> Several dependent variables are used. <4> It is done with samples of participants obtained by probabilistic sampling.
Output: psychology
Question: To multiply, the rhabdoviruses enter the host cell by: 
 Options:  <0> Viropexy <1> Endocytosis <2> Depopolimerization of the virion as a consequence of the interaction with the cellular receptor. <3> Direct translocation <4> Opsonic phagocytosis.
Output: biology
Question: In general, water intake should be increased in patients undergoing chemotherapy with the aim of: 
 Options:  <0> Prevent kidney damage. <1> Fluidify bronchial secretions. <2> Relieve post-chemotherapy nausea. <3> Increase the volume. <4> Decrease the risk of infection.
Output: nursery
Question: In what type of reaction does the cytochrome P-450 of the liver typically intervene? 
 Options:  <0> Hydration. <1> Reduction. <2> Hydrolysis. <3> Esterification <4> Hydroxylation
Output: chemistry
Question: An ideal diluted solution is characterized by: 
 Options:  <0> All components comply with Raoult's law. <1> Only the solute complies with Raoult's law. <2> The solvent complies with Henry's law. <3> All components comply with Henry's law. <4> Only the solute complies with Henry's law.
Output: pharmacology
Question: When criteria for the diagnosis of a type of phobia appear in which there is fear of situations such as public transport, tunnels, bridges, elevators, airplanes, cars or enclosures, having a peak of greater incidence in the second childhood and another half From the third decade of life, we can think about what diagnosis of the DSM-IV-TR? 
 Options:  <0> Social phobia. <1> Situational specific phobia. <2> Specific phobia environmental type. <3> Separation anxiety. <4> Anxiety crisis.
Output: psychology
Question: The alcohol-resistance acid is used to identify: 
 Options:  <0> Fermenting bacteria. <1> Yeasts used in the production of alcoholic beverages. <2> Bacteria that possess mycolic acids. <3> Sporulated organisms. <4> Oxidizing organisms from sulfides to sulfuric acid.
Output: biology
Question: Heating of 4-methoxy-3,5-dinitrobenzenesulfonic acid with dilute sulfuric acid gives: 
 Options:  <0> 4-Methoxy-3,5-dinitrophenol. <1> 3,5-Diamino-4-methoxybenzenesulfonic acid. <2> 4-methoxy-3,5-dinitrobenzenesulfonic acid anhydride <3> 2-Methoxy-1,3-dinitrobenzene. <4> An organic cation
Output: chemistry
Question: Tics can be associated with altered behaviors that arise at a certain time. When the symptoms appear between 35 and 45 years, according to Shapiro's classification, to what tic we refer? 
 Options:  <0> Simple acute tic. <1> Chronic simple tic. <2> Huntington's Korea. <3> Chronic multiple tic. <4> Multiple tic of the adult.
Output: psychology
Question: Regarding the phases of the clinical development of a drug, which of the following characteristics does NOT correspond to a clinical trial in phase 2? 
 Options:  <0> They are exploratory therapeutic studies. <1> They are performed in a large number of patients (between 100 and 1000). <2> They are used to delimit a range of therapeutic doses. <3> The informed consent of the patients is required for their inclusion in the study. <4> They are usually of short duration.
Output: medicine
Question: A 70-year-old woman with a history of hypertension and moderate heart failure attended the clinic due to a persistent and dry cough that started as a sensation of itching in the throat. In the analytical hyperkalemia is observed. What is the drug suspected of causing the clinical and analytical alteration of the patient? 
 Options:  <0> Hydrochlorothiazide. <1> Bisoprolol. <2> Furosemide. <3> Enalapril <4> Hydralazine
Output: medicine
Question: Which of the following statements is FALSE with respect to multiple myeloma? 
 Options:  <0> The cytogenetics and serum levels of albumin and beta2-microglobulin are important data for the prognosis. <1> Bortezomib, thalidomide, lenalidomide and polychemotherapy are very useful therapeutic tools. <2> Autogenic transplantation of hematopoietic progenitors provides a long progression-free survival. <3> Allogeneic transplantation should be considered an experimental procedure (of unproven efficacy). <4> Radiation therapy has no role in the treatment of the disease or its complications.
Output: medicine
Question: It contains an imidazole group the side chain of: 
 Options:  <0> Arginine <1> Tyrosine <2> Glutamine <3> Histidine <4> Lysine
Output: biology
Question: Young's schema therapy for personality disorders derives from: 
 Options:  <0> The therapy of acceptance and commitment. <1> The emotive rational therapy. <2> Cognitive therapy of Beck. <3> Cognitive assessment therapy. <4> Interpersonal therapy
Output: psychology
Question: The use of the standard addition method in the calibration of an instrumental analysis method is recommended: 
 Options:  <0> Whenever possible <1> When analyzing complex samples in which important matrix effects are likely to occur and you want to minimize them. <2> When you want to determine very high concentrations of analyte. <3> When you want to use a dilution factor. <4> In automated acid-base volumetries.
Output: pharmacology
Question: Which of the following compounds provides nitrogen atoms to the purine and pyrimidine rings? 
 Options:  <0> Aspartate <1> Carbamoyl phosphate. <2> Carbon dioxide. <3> Glutamine <4> Tetrahydrofolate.
Output: chemistry
Question: Which of the following enzymes catalyzes a hydrolytic reaction ?: 
 Options:  <0> Lactate dehydrogenase. <1> Chymotrypsin <2> Fumarasa <3> Triose phosphate isomerase. <4> RNA polymerase
Output: chemistry
Question: A 68-year-old patient has a tumor mass diagnosed of small cell lung carcinoma in the right main bronchus at 1 cm from the tracheal carina. Mediastinoscopy shows contralateral adenopathies that are positive. The recommended treatment would be: 
 Options:  <0> Chemotherapy with right pneumonectomy. <1> Surgery and subsequent radiotherapy of all affected ganglion chains. <2> Right pneumonectomy and posterior chemotherapy. <3> Chemotherapy and radiotherapy. <4> Radiotherapy.
Output: medicine
Question: Plasma ICP is more suitable for rapid multielemental analysis than flame atomic absorption methods because: 
 Options:  <0> The linearity interval is not wide, which allows for very sensitive analyzes. <1> The ICP has several possibilities to introduce the sample using different types of nebulizers. <2> They use two photomultiplier tubes, one for the ultraviolet region and the other for the visible one. <3> It has load-coupled silicon solid-state detectors that allow simultaneous monitoring of a large number of lines, reducing analysis time, sample volume and improving detection limits. <4> It is not correct, because with the ICP plasma, multielemental analysis can not be done.
Output: chemistry
Question: Regarding the NANDA-I taxonomy, it is correct to affirm that: 
 Options:  <0> All the diagnoses contained in the taxonomy are appropriate for all practicing nurses. <1> All the proposed diagnoses are relevant for all specialties. <2> There are diagnoses that may be outside the scope of exercise that governs the nurse practice of a specific area. <3> The use of the diagnoses contained in the classification supports their use over the regulations that may exist in a specific area. <4> The taxonomy must adjust to each reality, removing those diagnoses that are not usual and including those that do not appear in the classification and represent common problems.
Output: nursery
Question: The most common ectopic pregnancy occurs in: 
 Options:  <0> The fallopian tube. <1> The oviductal tube. <2> The cervix <3> The ovary <4> The abdomen.
Output: biology
Question: In which of the following anxiety disorders is considered that there is no pharmacological treatment of choice? 
 Options:  <0> Obsessive-compulsive disorder <1> Panic disorder (anguish disorder). <2> Social phobia. <3> Specific phobia. <4> Post-traumatic stress disorder.
Output: psychology
Question: Graphite is a conductor because: 
 Options:  <0> The valence band has electronic vacancies. <1> The driving band has electronic vacancies. <2> Both bands have electronic vacancies. <3> The banned band is very big. <4> The band gap is zero.
Output: chemistry
Question: The eudismic index is a parameter with pharmacological interest that expresses the relationship between: 
 Options:  <0> Two diastereomer drugs. <1> Two bioisostero drugs. <2> Two enantiomers <3> A drug and a prodrug, structural analog. <4> Two structural modifications, one hydrophilic and one lipophilic, of a certain drug.
Output: pharmacology
Question: The three human chromosomes estimated to contain fewer genes are: 
 Options:  <0> 21, 22 and Y. <1> 18, 22 and Y. <2> 18, 21 and Y. <3> 13, 21 and Y. <4> 13, 22 and Y.
Output: biology
Question: The classical pathway of complement is activated in response to: 
 Options:  <0> Antigen-antibody complexes. <1> Direct binding of C3b to bacterial walls. <2> Microbial glycolipids. <3> Properdin <4> The C-reactive protein.
Output: biology