Context: The Red Sea (also the Erythraean Sea) is a seawater inlet of the Indian Ocean, lying between Africa and Asia. The connection to the ocean is in the south through the Bab el Mandeb strait and the Gulf of Aden. To the north lie the Sinai Peninsula, the Gulf of Aqaba, and the Gulf of Suez (leading to the Suez Canal). The Red Sea is a Global 200 ecoregion. The sea is underlain by the Red Sea Rift which is part of the Great Rift Valley., The Mareb River (or Gash River), is a river flowing out of central Eritrea. Its chief importance is defining part of the boundary between Eritrea and Ethiopia, between the point where the Mai Ambassa enters the river at to the confluence of the Balasa with the Mareb at ., Ethiopia ('), officially known as the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia"' (   , "yetiyoya Fdralaw Dmokirasyaw Rpebilk" ), is a country located in the Horn of Africa. It shares borders with Eritrea to the north and northeast, Djibouti and Somalia to the east, Sudan and South Sudan to the west, and Kenya to the south. With nearly 100 million inhabitants, Ethiopia is the most populous landlocked country in the world, as well as the second-most populous nation on the African continent after Nigeria. It occupies a total area of , and its capital and largest city is Addis Ababa., The ansh Islands are an island group in the Red Sea. Most of them are a part of Yemen, but before 1998 they were claimed by Eritrea as well. After a case in an international court under the guidance of Abdul Karim al-Iryani, Yemen was granted full ownership of the larger Islands, and Eritrea was awarded the peripheral islands to the southwest., There are three waves of European colonialism.
The three main countries in the first wave of European colonialism were the early Ottoman Empire, Spain and Portugal. The former conquered South Eastern Europe, the Middle East and much of Northern and Eastern Africa between 1359 and 1653. The latter two were responsible for colonizing the Americas through the Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494. This treaty was responsible for dividing up the land among Spain and Portugal. The expansion achieved by Spain and Portugal caught the attention of Britain, France and the Netherlands. The entrance of these three empires in the Caribbean and North America perpetuated European colonialism in these regions., A landlocked state or landlocked country is a sovereign state entirely enclosed by land, or whose only coastlines lie on closed seas. There are currently 48 such countries, including four partially recognised states. Only two, Bolivia and Paraguay in South America, lie outside Afro-Eurasia (the Old World)., Mek'ele ([in scientific transliteration Mäq'älä], [in scientific transliteration Mäqälle]), also transliterated as Makale, Mekelle or Meqele, is the capital city in the northern Tigray Region of Ethiopia. It is located around 780 kilometers north of the Ethiopian capital Addis Ababa, at a latitude and longitude of , with an elevation of 2084 meters above sea level. Administratively, Mek'ele is considered a Special Zone, which is divided into seven sub-cities. These are Addi Hak'i ( , also spelled Addi Haqi in English), Ayder (), Haddinet (), Hawelti (), Qedamay Weyyane ( ), Kwiha (), and Semien (). This places the city in between the Addis Ababa and Dire Dawa chartered cities ("astedader akabibi", equivalent to a "kilil"), as well as the Axum and Adigrat "woredas". The city is an economic, cultural, and political hub in the Northern region of the country., Rama ( also called Mai Lala , Lala ) is a town in northern Ethiopia . Located 35 km north of the town of Adwa and 7 kilometers from the border with Eritrea , in the Mehakelegnaw ( Central ) Zone of the Tigray Region , this town occupies a fertile lowland area and has a latitude and longitude of 14 ° 25  N 38 ° 47  E with an elevation of 1385 meters above sea level . It is the administrative center of Mereb Lehe woreda . Rama was recently the site for a pilot project for providing electricity to rural inhabitants , which has been a challenge for African governments , since villages in rural areas are often difficult to connect to national electricity grids . Since the project started in 2007 , Rama has 2,100 houses with solar panels , and as of July 2009 there are 300 more requests for new solar home systems in Rama . One panel powers about four lamps , and the energy can also be used for radios and tape recorders . A point of interest in Rama is the nearby church , Kor Nebir Mikael . Records at the Nordic Africa Institute website provide details of a primary school in Rama in 1968 . On 29 September 1988 , armed units of the Tigray People 's Liberation Front overran Rama , killing 21 and capturing 854 government soldiers . This required the Derg to send a force to recover this important settlement on the road to Asmara , but it was not until late December that the 10th division of the Second Revolutionary Army fought its way into the town , only to be withdrawn a week before the decisive Battle of Shire . In January , 2005 , the United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea reported that MECHEM had removed land mines from 12 kilometers of track leading to Rama . These mines had been laid during the recent Eritrean - Ethiopian War ., The Kunama are a Nilotic ethnic inhabiting Eritrea and Ethiopia. Although they are one of the smallest populations in Eritrea, constituting only 2% of the population, 80% of Kunama live in the country. Most of the estimated 100,000 Kunama live in the remote and isolated area between the Gash and Setit rivers near the border with Ethiopia. The Ethiopian-Eritrean War (19982000) forced some 4,000 Kunama to flee their homes to Ethiopia. As refugees they reside in the tense area just over the border with Eritrea and in proximity to the contested border village of Badme. In the 2007 Ethiopian census, however, the number of Kunama in Tigray has dropped to 2,976 as the remaining 2,000 or so members of this ethnic group have migrated into the other Regions of Ethiopia., Somalia ( '), officially the Federal Republic of Somalia , is a country located in the Horn of Africa. It is bordered by Ethiopia to the west, Djibouti to the northwest, the Gulf of Aden to the north, the Indian Ocean to the east, and Kenya to the southwest. Somalia has the longest coastline on Africa's mainland, and its terrain consists mainly of plateaus, plains and highlands. Climatically, hot conditions prevail year-round, with periodic monsoon winds and irregular rainfall., A country is a region that is identified as a distinct national entity in political geography. A country may be an independent sovereign state or one that is occupied by another state, as a non-sovereign or formerly sovereign political division, or a geographic region associated with sets of previously independent or differently associated people with distinct political characteristics. Regardless of the physical geography, in the modern internationally accepted legal definition as defined by the League of Nations in 1937 and reaffirmed by the United Nations in 1945, a resident of a country is subject to the independent exercise of legal jurisdiction., Mereb Lehe is one of the woredas in the Tigray Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Mehakelegnaw Zone, it is bordered on the south by La'ilay Maychew, on the southwest by Tahtay Maychew, on the west by the Semien Mi'irabawi (North Western) Zone, on the north by the Mareb River (which separates it from Eritrea), on the east by Enticho, and on the southeast by Adwa. The administrative center of this woreda is Rama; other towns include La'ilay Merhisenay., La'ilay Maychew (Tigrinya: "Upper Salty Water") is a woreda in the Tigray Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Mehakelegnaw Zone, La'ilay Maychew is bordered on the south by Naeder Adet, on the west by Tahtay Maychew, on the north by Mereb Lehe, and on the east by Adwa. The town of Axum is surrounded by La'ilay Maychew; other towns in La'ilay Maychew include Mahibere Degue., Tigray Region (  "kilil Tigry") is the northernmost of the nine regions ("kililat") of Ethiopia. Tigray is the homeland of the Tigray, Irob and Kunama people. Tigray (historically called also Tigre' ) is also known as Region 1 according to the federal constitution. Its capital is Mek'ele (also spelt Mekelle). , Tahtay Maychew (Tigrinya "Lower Salty Water") is one of the woredas in the Tigray Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Mehakelegnaw Zone, Tahtay Maychew is bordered on the south by Naeder Adet, on the west by the Semien Mi'irabawi (North Western) Zone, on the north by Mereb Lehe, and on the east by La'ilay Maychew. The administrative center of this woreda is Wukro Maray; other towns in Tahtay Maychew include Chila., Djibouti (; ', , ), officially the Republic of Djibouti, is a country located in the Horn of Africa. It is bordered by Eritrea in the north, Ethiopia in the west and south, and Somalia in the southeast. The remainder of the border is formed by the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden at the east. Djibouti occupies a total area of just ., Asmara ("Asmera"), known locally as Asmera (meaning "They [feminine plural] made them unite" in Tigrinya), is the capital city and largest settlement in Eritrea. Home to a population of just over 1,000,000 inhabitants, it sits at an elevation of . The city is located at the tip of an escarpment that is both the northwestern edge of the Eritrean highlands and the Great Rift Valley in neighbouring Ethiopia., Sudan ("as-Sdn", ), also known as North Sudan and officially the Republic of the Sudan ("Jumhriyyat as-Sdn"), is a country in Northern Africa. It is bordered by Egypt to the north, the Red Sea, Eritrea, and Ethiopia to the east, South Sudan to the south, the Central African Republic to the southwest, Chad to the west and Libya to the northwest. It is the third largest country in Africa. The River Nile divides the country into eastern and western halves. Before the Sudanese Civil War, South Sudan was part of Sudan but broke away in 2011. Its predominant religion is Islam., Addis Ababa (' , "new flower" "Natural Spring(s)") or Addis Abeba (the spelling used by the official Ethiopian Mapping Authority), is the capital and largest city of Ethiopia. It has a population of 3,384,569 according to the 2007 population census, with annual growth rate of 3.8%. This number has been increased from the originally published 2,738,248 figure and appears to be still largely underestimated., The Federal Republic of Nigeria , commonly referred to as Nigeria, is a federal republic in West Africa, bordering Benin in the west, Chad and Cameroon in the east, and Niger in the north. Its coast in the south lies on the Gulf of Guinea in the Atlantic Ocean. It comprises 36 states and the Federal Capital Territory, where the capital, Abuja is located. Its largest cities include: Lagos, Kano, Ibadan, Benin City and Port Harcourt. Nigeria is officially a democratic secular country., Adwa (also spelled Adowa, Aduwa) is a market town and separate woreda in northern Ethiopia. It is best known as the community closest to the decisive Battle of Adowa fought in 1896 with Italian troops. Notably, Ethiopian soldiers won the battle, thus being the only African nation to thwart European colonialism. Located in the Mehakelegnaw Zone of the Tigray Region, Adwa has a longitude and latitude of , and an elevation of 1907 meters. Adwa is surrounded by Adwa woreda., Eritrea (or ), officially the State of Eritrea, is a country in the Horn of Africa. With its capital at Asmara, it is bordered by Sudan in the west, Ethiopia in the south, and Djibouti in the southeast. The northeastern and eastern parts of Eritrea have an extensive coastline along the Red Sea. The nation has a total area of approximately , and includes the Dahlak Archipelago and several of the Hanish Islands. Its toponym "Eritrea" is based on the Greek name for the Red Sea, which was first adopted for Italian Eritrea in 1890., The Dahlak Archipelago (Ge'ez: ) is an island group located in the Red Sea near Massawa, Eritrea. It consists of two large and 124 small islands. The pearl fisheries of the archipelago have been famous since Roman times and still produce a substantial number of pearls. , Kenya, officially the Republic of Kenya, is a country in Africa and a founding member of the East African Community (EAC). Its capital and largest city is Nairobi. Kenya's territory lies on the equator and overlies the East African Rift covering a diverse and expansive terrain that extends roughly from Lake Victoria to Lake Turkana (formerly called Lake Rudolf) and further south-east to the Indian Ocean. It is bordered by Tanzania to the south and southwest, Uganda to the west, South Sudan to the north-west, Ethiopia to the north and Somalia to the north-east. Kenya covers , and had a population of approximately 45 million people in July 2014., The Horn of Africa (, "yäafrika qänd", "al-qarn al-'afrq") (shortened to HOA) is a peninsula in Northeast Africa. It juts hundreds of kilometers into the Arabian Sea and lies along the southern side of the Gulf of Aden. The area is the easternmost projection of the African continent. The Horn of Africa denotes the region containing the countries of Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, and Somalia., Mehakelegnaw (or "The central [Zone]") is a Zone in the Ethiopian Region of Tigray. Mehakelegnaw is bordered on the east by Misraqawi (Eastern), on the south by Debub Misraqawi (South Eastern), on the west by Semien Mi'irabawi (North Western) and on the north by Eritrea. Towns and cities in Mehakelegnaw include Axum and Adwa, as well as the historically significant village of Yeha and the ancient monastery of Debre Damo., Subject: rama, Relation: located_in_the_administrative_territorial_entity, Options: (A) abuja (B) addis ababa (C) aden (D) africa (E) asmara (F) benin (G) best (H) bolivia (I) caribbean (J) center (K) central (L) chad (M) dire dawa (N) djibouti (O) east (P) egypt (Q) eritrea (R) ethiopia (S) europe (T) guinea (U) hot (V) indian ocean (W) kenya (X) lagos (Y) lehe (Z) libya ([) mehakelegnaw zone (\) most (]) nairobi (^) nigeria (_) north (`) north america (a) northern (b) northwest (c) of (d) ottoman empire (e) paraguay (f) pearl (g) port harcourt (h) portugal (i) red sea (j) river (k) somalia (l) south (m) south sudan (n) southwest (o) sudan (p) suez (q) west (r) yemen
Output: mehakelegnaw zone