Context: Northern China or North China (literally "China's north") is a geographical region of China. The heartland of North China is the North China Plain, or the Yellow River Plain. North China is usually restricted to the northern part of China proper (inner China and excludes Xinjiang and often Manchuria and the Northeast China., The Kazakhs (also spelled Kazaks, Qazaqs , , ; the English name is transliterated from Russian) are a Turkic people who mainly inhabit the southern part of Eastern Europe Ural mountains and northern parts of Central Asia (largely Kazakhstan, but also found in parts of Uzbekistan, China, Russia and Mongolia), the region also known as Eurasian sub-continent. Kazakh identity is of medieval origin and was strongly shaped by the foundation of the Kazakh Khanate between 1456 and 1465, when several tribes under the rule of the sultans Zhanibek and Kerey departed from the Khanate of Abu'l-Khayr Khan., The Rouran Khaganate, "Ruru", or "Tantan" was the name of a state established by proto-Mongols, from the late 4th century until the middle 6th century., The Ashina (Middle Chinese: (Guangyun) ), also spelled Asen, Asena, or Açina, was a tribe and the ruling dynasty of the ancient Turkic peoples. They rose to prominence in the mid-6th century when their leader, Bumin Qaghan, revolted against the Rouran Khaganate. The two main branches of the family, one descended from Bumin and the other from his brother Istemi, ruled over the eastern and western parts of the Göktürk confederation, respectively., East Asia is the eastern subregion of the Asian continent, which can be defined in either geographical or ethno-cultural terms. Geographically and geopolitically, it includes China, Hong Kong, and Macao; Mongolia and Taiwan; North and South Korea; and Japan; it covers about , or about 28% of the Asian continent, about twice the area of Europe., The Mongolian Plateau is the part of the Central Asian Plateau lying between 37°46-53°08N and 87°40-122°15E and having an area of approximately . It is bounded by the Greater Hinggan Mountains in the east, the Yin Mountains to the south, the Altai Mountains to the west, and the Sayan and Khentii mountains to the north. The plateau includes the Gobi Desert as well as dry steppe regions. It has an elevation of roughly 1,000 to 1,500 meters, with the lowest point in Hulunbuir and the highest point in Altai., Mongolia (Mongolian: ["Monggol Ulus"] in Mongolian script; ["Mongol Uls"] in Mongolian Cyrillic) is a landlocked unitary sovereign state in East Asia. Its area is roughly equivalent with the historical territory of Outer Mongolia, and that term is sometimes used to refer to the current state. It is sandwiched between China to the south and Russia to the north. While it does not share a border with Kazakhstan, Mongolia is separated from it by only ., A sovereign state is, in international law, a nonphysical juridical entity that is represented by one centralised government that has sovereignty over a geographic area. International law defines sovereign states as having a permanent population, defined territory, one government, and the capacity to enter into relations with other sovereign states. It is also normally understood that a sovereign state is neither dependent on nor subjected to any other power or state., The Göktürks, Celestial Turks, Blue Turks or Kok Turks (Old Turkic: ": Kök Türük" , Khotanese Saka "Ttrka", "Ttrka", Old Tibetan "Drugu"), were a nomadic confederation of Turkic peoples in medieval Inner Asia. The Göktürks, under the leadership of Bumin Qaghan (d. 552) and his sons, succeeded the Rouran Khaganate as the main power in the region and established the Turkic Khaganate, one of several nomadic dynasties which would shape the future geolocation, culture, and dominant beliefs of Turkic peoples., Kazakhstan ( "Qazaqstan",  "Kazakhstan"), officially the Republic of Kazakhstan ("Qazaqstan Respwblïkas" "Respublika Kazakhstan"), is a transcontinental country in northern Central Asia and Eastern Europe. Kazakhstan is the world's largest landlocked country, and the ninth largest in the world, with an area of . Kazakhstan is the dominant nation of Central Asia economically, generating 60% of the region's GDP, primarily through its oil/gas industry. It also has vast mineral resources., Khagan or Qagan ("Khaan", Mongolian Script: , "Qaan"  "Khqn", alternatively spelled Kagan, Khaghan, Kha-khan, Xagahn, Qaghan, Chagan, , or Kha'an) is a title in the Mongolian language equal to the status of emperor and used to refer to someone who rules a khaganate or empire. The title was adopted by Ögedei Khan from the Turkic title "kaan". The female equivalent is Khatun., The Onoq Western Turkic Khaganate ( Chinese :  ; pinyin : Xi tjué ) was a Turkic khaganate formed as a result of the internecine wars in the beginning of the 7th century ( 593 -- 603 AD ) after the Göktürk Khaganate ( founded in the 6th century in Mongolia by the Ashina clan ) had splintered into two polities -- Eastern and Western . The Western Turks initially sought friendly relations with the Eastern Roman Empire in order to expand their territory at the expense of their mutual enemy , the Sassanid Persian Empire . The Western Turks were also known as the Onogurs or Onoghurs , from the proto - Turkic Onoq ( `` ten arrows '' ) . An `` arrow '' ( ouz ) was a name for one division of the Turkic tribes ., China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a unitary sovereign state in East Asia. With a population of over 1.381 billion, it is the world's most populous country. The state is governed by the Communist Party of China, and its capital is Beijing. It exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four direct-controlled municipalities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing), and two mostly self-governing special administrative regions (Hong Kong and Macau), and claims sovereignty over Taiwan. The country's major urban areas include Shanghai, Guangzhou, Beijing, Chongqing, Shenzhen, Tianjin and Hong Kong. China is a great power and a major regional power within Asia, and has been characterized as a potential superpower., Bumin Qaghan (Old Turkic: , Bumïn qaan, a.k.a. Bumn Kagan) or Illig Qaghan (Chinese: , Pinyin: ylì khàn, WadeGiles: i-li k'o-han, died 552 AD) was the founder of the Turkic Khaganate. He was the eldest son of Ashina Tuwu ( / ). He was the chieftain of the Türks under the sovereignty of Rouran Khaganate. He is also mentioned as "Tumen" (, , commander of ten thousand) of the Rouran Khaganate., Russia (from the  Rus'), also officially known as the Russian Federation, is a country in Eurasia. At , Russia is the largest country in the world by surface area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, and the ninth most populous, with over 140 million people at the end of March 2016. The European western part of the country is much more populated and urbanised than the eastern, about 77% of the population live in European Russia. Russia's capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world, other major urban centers include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg, Nizhny Novgorod and Samara., Outer Mongolia (Mongolian: [Gadagadu Monggol] in Mongolian script, and [Gadaad Mongol] in Mongolian Cyrillic) was a territory of the Manchu-led Qing dynasty (16441912). Its area was roughly equivalent to that of the modern state of Mongolia, which is sometimes erroneously called "Outer Mongolia" today, plus the Russian republic of Tuva. While the administrative Outer Mongolia only consisted of the four Khalkha aimags (Setsen Khan Aimag, Tüsheet Khan Aimag, Sain Noyon Khan Aimag and Zasagt Khan Aimag), in the late Qing period "Outer Mongolia" was also used to refer to Khalkha plus Oirat areas Khovd and the directly-ruled Tannu Uriankhai., The Silk Road or Silk Route was an ancient network of trade routes that were for centuries central to cultural interaction through regions of the Asian continent connecting the East and West from China to the Mediterranean Sea., Inner Asia is a term that refers to regions within Asia that are today part of western China, Mongolia and eastern Russia. It overlaps with some definitions of Central Asia, mostly the historical ones, but certain regions of Inner Asia (such as Northeast China) are not considered a part of Central Asia by any of its definitions. Inner Asia may be considered as the "frontier" of China, and as bounded by East Asia, which consists of China, Japan, and Korea., The classical Mongolian script (in Mongolian script: "Mongol biig"; in Mongolian Cyrillic:   "Mongol bichig"), also known as Hudum Mongol bichig, was the first writing system created specifically for the Mongolian language, and was the most successful until the introduction of Cyrillic in 1946. Derived from Sogdian, Mongolian is a true alphabet, with separate letters for consonants and vowels. The Mongolian script has been adapted to write languages such as Oirat and Manchu. Alphabets based on this classical vertical script are used in Inner Mongolia and other parts of China to this day to write Mongolian, Xibe and, experimentally, Evenki., The Turkic Khaganate (552744; Old Turkic: ), Skyturks or Göktürk Khaganate was a khaganate established by the Ashina clan of the Göktürks in medieval Inner Asia. Under the leadership of Bumin Qaghan (d. 552) and his sons, the Ashina succeeded the Rouran Khaganate as the main power in the Mongolian Plateau and established a stronger empire, which rapidly expanded to rule huge territories in Central Asia. This khaganate interacted extensively with various dynasties based in North China, and for significant periods exercised considerable control over the lucrative Silk Road trade., Subject: western turkic khaganate, Relation: instance_of, Options: (A) area (B) century (C) chinese (D) clan (E) commander (F) communist party (G) confederation (H) continent (I) country (J) day (K) elevation (L) emperor (M) empire (N) english name (O) family (P) federation (Q) five (R) foundation (S) founder (T) frontier (U) geographical (V) government (W) great power (X) historical territory (Y) industry (Z) international law ([) jurisdiction (\) khanate (]) korea (^) landlocked country (_) may (`) name (a) nation (b) oil (c) part (d) people (e) plain (f) plateau (g) point (h) population (i) region (j) republic (k) river (l) road (m) route (n) rule (o) script (p) sea (q) shape (r) state (s) steppe (t) subregion (u) system (v) ten (w) term (x) tribe (y) two (z) writing ({) writing system
Output: khanate