Context: Nancy Drew is a fictional American character in a mystery fiction series created by publisher Edward Stratemeyer. The character first appeared in 1930. The books are ghostwritten by a number of authors and published under the collective pseudonym Carolyn Keene. Over the decades, the character evolved in response to changes in US culture and tastes. The books were extensively revised and shortened, beginning in 1959, in part to lower printing costs and to eliminate racist stereotypes, with arguable success. In the revision process, the heroine's original character was changed to be less assertive and more feminine. In the 1980s, an older and more professional Nancy emerged in a new series, "The Nancy Drew Files", that included romantic subplots for the sleuth. The original "Nancy Drew Mystery Stories" series started in 1930, and ended in 2004. Launched that same year, the "Girl Detective" series features Nancy driving a hybrid electric vehicle and using a cell phone. In 2013, the "Girl Detective" series ended, and a new current series called "Nancy Drew Diaries" was launched. Illustrations of the character evolved over time to reflect contemporary styles. The character proves continuously popular worldwide: at least 80 million copies of the books have been sold, and the books have been translated into over 45 languages. Nancy Drew is featured in five films, two television shows, and a number of popular computer games; she also appears in a variety of merchandise sold around the world., Captive Witness is the 64th volume in the Nancy Drew Stories series . Nancy travels to Austria to solve a mystery . It is about stolen film and 10 refugee children trapped in Hungary . It was originally titled `` Captive Witness Mystery . '', Girl Detective is a series replacing the long-running Nancy Drew mysteries series, which had been running since 1930, first from Grosset & Dunlap and latterly from Simon & Schuster. Stories are written in first person narrative style with Nancy herself describing all the action, and feature updated and overhauled versions of the main Nancy Drew characters. In 2013, The series was ended and a new current series called Nancy Drew Diaries was launched., Carolyn Keene is the pseudonym of the authors of the Nancy Drew mystery stories and The Dana Girls mystery stories, both produced by the Stratemeyer Syndicate. In addition, the Keene pen name is credited with the Nancy Drew spin-off, "River Heights and the Nancy Drew Notebooks., The Nancy Drew Files, or the "Nancy Drew Case Files", is a detective fiction series started in 1986 and released by Simon & Schuster, New York. It is a spin-off of the original series of novels featuring Nancy Drew, with a greater emphasis on adventure, malice and romance. All the books have been written under the pseudonym Carolyn Keene. This series has been targeted at readers who are age eleven and up. With a new book released almost every month, 124 titles were released in 11 years. More than 17 million copies are in print and the books have appeared on the bestseller lists of "Publishers Weekly", B. Dalton, and Waldenbooks. In 2014, Simon & Schuster started releasing this series in eBook format., Subject: captive witness, Relation: publisher, Options: (A) grosset & dunlap (B) simon & schuster (C) stratemeyer syndicate (D) success
Output: grosset & dunlap