Context: Aristotle ("Aristotéls"; 384322 BC) was a Greek philosopher and scientist born in the city of Stagira, Chalkidice, on the northern periphery of Classical Greece. His father, Nicomachus, died when Aristotle was a child, whereafter Proxenus of Atarneus became his guardian. At seventeen or eighteen years of age, he joined Plato's Academy in Athens and remained there until the age of thirty-seven (c. 347 BC). His writings cover many subjects  including physics, biology, zoology, metaphysics, logic, ethics, aesthetics, poetry, theater, music, rhetoric, linguistics, politics and government  and constitute the first comprehensive system of Western philosophy. Shortly after Plato died, Aristotle left Athens and, at the request of Philip of Macedon, tutored Alexander the Great beginning in 343 BC., Aeschylus (or ; "Aiskhulos" c. 525/524  c. 456/455 BC) was an ancient Greek tragedian. He is often described as the father of tragedy. Academics' knowledge of the genre begins with his work, and understanding of earlier tragedies is largely based on inferences from his surviving plays. According to Aristotle, he expanded the number of characters in theater allowing conflict among them; characters previously had interacted only with the chorus., Sophocles ("Sophokls", ; 497/6  winter 406/5 BC) is one of three ancient Greek tragedians whose plays have survived. His first plays were written later than those of Aeschylus, and earlier than or contemporary with those of Euripides. Sophocles wrote 120 plays during the course of his life, but only seven have survived in a complete form: "Ajax", "Antigone", "The Women of Trachis", "Oedipus the King", "Electra", "Philoctetes" and "Oedipus at Colonus". For almost 50 years, Sophocles was the most celebrated playwright in the dramatic competitions of the city-state of Athens that took place during the religious festivals of the Lenaea and the Dionysia. He competed in 30 competitions, won 18, and was never judged lower than second place. Aeschylus won 14 competitions, and was sometimes defeated by Sophocles, while Euripides won 5 competitions., Euripides (or ; ) (c. 480  c. 406 BC) was a tragedian of classical Athens. He is one of the few whose plays have survived, with the others being Aeschylus, Sophocles, and potentially Euphorion. Some ancient scholars attributed 95 plays to him but according to the "Suda" it was 92 at most. Of these, 18 or 19 have survived more or less complete (there has been debate about his authorship of "Rhesus", largely on stylistic grounds) and there are also fragments, some substantial, of most of the other plays. More of his plays have survived intact than those of Aeschylus and Sophocles together, partly due to mere chance and partly because his popularity grew as theirs declinedhe became, in the Hellenistic Age, a cornerstone of ancient literary education, along with Homer, Demosthenes and Menander., Alexander III of Macedon (20/21 July 356 BC  10/11 June 323 BC), commonly known as Alexander the Great ("Aléxandros ho Mégas" ), was a king ("basileus") of the Ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon and a member of the Argead dynasty. Born in Pella in 356 BC, Alexander succeeded his father, Philip II, to the throne at the age of twenty. He spent most of his ruling years on an unprecedented military campaign through Asia and northeast Africa, and by the age of thirty he had created one of the largest empires of the ancient world, stretching from Greece to northwestern India. He was undefeated in battle and is widely considered one of history's most successful military commanders., Harpalus ( Greek :  ) son of Machatas was an aristocrat of Macedon and boyhood friend of Alexander the Great in the 4th century BC. Being lame in a leg , and therefore exempt from military service , Harpalus did not follow Alexander in his advance within the Persian Empire but received nonetheless a post in Asia Minor . Alexander reportedly contacted him with a demand of reading material for his spare time . Harpalus sent his King theatrical plays by Aeschylus , Sophocles and Euripides , the history of Philistus and odes by Philoxenus and Telestes . Harpalus was also a charming rogue who absconded three times with large amounts of money . The first time he was forgiven and reinstated , only to abuse his trust again . In 324 BC Harpalus found refuge in Athens . He was imprisoned by the Athenians after a proposal of Demosthenes and Phocion , despite Hypereides ' opposition , who wanted an immediate uprising against Alexander . The Ecclesia , based on a proposal from Demosthenes , decided on the guarding of Harpalus ' money , which was entrusted to a committee led by Demosthenes himself . When the committee counted the money they found 350 talents , although Harpalus had declared that he had 700 talents . Nevertheless , Demosthenes and the other members of the committee decided not to disclose the deficit . When Harpalus escaped and fled to Crete , the orator faced a new wave of public uproar . The Areopagus conducted an inquiry and its findings led to Demosthenes being charged with mishandling 20 talents . At Demosthenes ' trial in the Heliaia , Hypereides , who was the main prosecutor , noted that Demosthenes had admitted taking the money , but said that he had used it on the people 's behalf and had borrowed it free of interest . The prosecutor rejected this argument and accused Demosthenes of being bribed by Alexander . Demosthenes was fined 50 talents and imprisoned , but after a few days he escaped thanks to the carelessness or connivance of some citizens and travelled around Calauria , Aegina and Troezen . It remains still unclear whether the accusations against him were just or not . In any case , the Athenians soon repealed the sentence and sent a ship to Aegina to carry Demosthenes back to the port of Piraeus . According to Pausanias , `` shortly after Harpalus ran away from Athens and crossed with a squadron to Crete , he was put to death by the servants who were attending him ( in 323 BC ) , though some assert that he was assassinated by Pausanias , a Macedonian '' . The geographer also narrates the following story : `` The steward of his money fled to Rhodes , and was arrested by a Macedonian , Philoxenus , who also had demanded Harpalus from the Athenians . Having this slave in his power , he proceeded to examine him , until he learned everything about such as had allowed themselves to accept a bribe from Harpalus . On obtaining this information he sent a dispatch to Athens , in which he gave a list of such as had taken a bribe from Harpalus , both their names and the sums each had received . Demosthenes , however , he never mentioned at all , although Alexander held him in bitter hatred , and he himself had a private quarrel with him . '' Harpalus is featured in the historical novel Fire From Heaven by Mary Renault . In it , he is entrusted by his teacher Aristotle with the task of observing and recording the lives of wild animals . Renault speculates that this would explain some of the fantastic accounts in Aristotle 's zoological writings as Harpalian hoaxes ., In Greek mythology, Electra ("lektra") was the daughter of King Agamemnon and Queen Clytemnestra, and thus princess of Argos. She and her brother Orestes plotted revenge against their mother Clytemnestra and stepfather Aegisthus for the murder of their father, Agamemnon., Athens ("Athína" ) is the capital and largest city of Greece. Athens dominates the Attica region and is one of the world's oldest cities, with its recorded history spanning over 3,400 years, and its earliest human presence starting somewhere between the 11th and 7th millennia BC. Classical Athens was a powerful city-state that emerged in conjunction with the seagoing development of the port of Piraeus, which had been a distinct city prior to its 5th century BC incorporation with Athens. A centre for the arts, learning and philosophy, home of Plato's Academy and Aristotle's Lyceum, it is widely referred to as the cradle of Western civilization and the birthplace of democracy, largely because of its cultural and political impact on the European continent, and in particular the Romans. In modern times, Athens is a large cosmopolitan metropolis and central to economic, financial, industrial, maritime, political and cultural life in Greece. In 2015, Athens was ranked the world's 29th richest city by purchasing power and the 67th most expensive in a UBS study., Marcus Tullius Cicero ( "Kikern"; 3 January 106 BC  7 December 43 BC) was a Roman philosopher, politician, lawyer, orator, political theorist, consul, and constitutionalist. He came from a wealthy municipal family of the Roman equestrian order, and is considered one of Rome's greatest orators and prose stylists., Pella, is an ancient city located in Central Macedonia, Greece, best known as the historical capital of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon in the time of Alexander the Great. On the site of the ancient city is the Archaeological Museum of Pella., Philistus (c. 432  356 BC), son of Archomenidas, was Greek historian from Sicily. 
Life.
Philistus was born in Syracuse around the time the Peloponnesian War began. He was a faithful supporter of the elder Dionysius, and commander of the citadel. Cicero who had a high opinion of his work, called him the miniature Thucydides ("pusillus Thucydides"). He was admitted by the Alexandrian critics into the canon of historiographers, and his work was highly valued by Alexander the Great., Subject: harpalus, Relation: brother, Options: (A) aeschylus (B) agamemnon (C) alexander (D) cicero (E) philip (F) plato
Output: philip