Context: The University of WisconsinMadison (also known as University of Wisconsin, Wisconsin, UW, or regionally as UWMadison, or simply Madison) is a public research university in Madison, Wisconsin, United States. Founded when Wisconsin achieved statehood in 1848, UWMadison is the official state university of Wisconsin, and the flagship campus of the University of Wisconsin System. It was the first public university established in Wisconsin and remains the oldest and largest public university in the state. It became a land-grant institution in 1866. The main campus includes four National Historic Landmarks., Columbia University (officially Columbia University in the City of New York) is a private Ivy League research university in Upper Manhattan, New York City. It was established in 1754 as King's College by royal charter of George II of Great Britain. Columbia is the oldest college in the state of New York and the fifth chartered institution of higher learning in the country, making it one of nine colonial colleges founded before the Declaration of Independence. After the American Revolutionary War, King's College briefly became a state entity, and was renamed Columbia College in 1784. A 1787 charter placed the institution under a private board of trustees before it was renamed Columbia University in 1896 when the campus was moved from Madison Avenue to its current location in Morningside Heights occupying of land. Columbia is one of the fourteen founding members of the Association of American Universities, and was the first school in the United States to grant the M.D. degree., Michael Randolph Garey is a computer science researcher, and co-author (with David S. Johnson) of "Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-completeness". He and Johnson received the 1979 Lanchester Prize from the Operations Research Society of America for the book. Garey earned his PhD in computer science in 1970 from the University of WisconsinMadison. He was employed by AT&T Bell Laboratories in the Mathematical Sciences Research Center from 1970 until his retirement in 1999. For his last 11 years with the organization, he served as its Director. His technical specialties included discrete algorithms and computational complexity, approximation algorithms, scheduling theory, and graph theory. From 1978 until 1981 he served as Editor-in-Chief of The Journal of the Association for Computing Machinery. In 1995, Garey was inducted as a Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery., David Stifler Johnson (December 9, 1945  March 8, 2016) was an American computer scientist specializing in algorithms and optimization. He was the head of the Algorithms and Optimization Department of AT&T Labs Research from 1988 to 2013, and was a visiting professor at Columbia University from 2014 to 2016. He was awarded the 2010 Knuth Prize., In computer science , more specifically computational complexity theory , Computers and Intractability : A Guide to the Theory of NP - Completeness is an influential textbook by Michael Garey and David S. Johnson . It was the first book exclusively on the theory of NP - completeness and computational intractability . The book features an appendix providing a thorough compendium of NP - complete problems ( which was updated in later printings of the book ) . The book is now outdated in some respects as it does not cover more recent development such as the PCP theorem . It is nevertheless still in print and is regarded as a classic : in a 2006 study , the CiteSeer search engine listed the book as the most cited reference in computer science literature ., Subject: computers and intractability, Relation: publication_date, Options: (A) 1784 (B) 1787 (C) 1848 (D) 1866 (E) 1896 (F) 1945 (G) 1979 (H) 1988 (I) 1999 (J) 2006 (K) 2010 (L) 2013 (M) 8 (N) 9
Output: 1979