Context: Reference is a relation between objects in which one object designates, or acts as a means by which to connect to or link to, another object. The first object in this relation is said to "refer to" the second object. The second object, the one to which the first object refers, is called the "referent" of the first object., An affix (in modern sense) is a morpheme that is attached to a word stem to form a new word. Affixes may be derivational, like English "-ness" and "pre-", or inflectional, like English plural "-s" and past tense "-ed". They are bound morphemes by definition; prefixes and suffixes may be separable affixes. Affixations, the linguistic process speakers use form different words by adding morphemes (affixes) at the beginning (prefixation), the middle (infixation) or the end (suffixation) of words., In linguistics, a suffix (also sometimes termed postfix or ending) is an affix which is placed after the stem of a word. Common examples are case endings, which indicate the grammatical case of nouns or adjectives, and verb endings, which form the conjugation of verbs., A verb, from the Latin "verbum" meaning "word", is a word (part of speech) that in syntax conveys an action ("bring", "read", "walk", "run", "learn"), an occurrence ("happen", "become"), or a state of being ("be", "exist", "stand"). In the usual description of English, the basic form, with or without the particle "to", is the infinitive. In many languages, verbs are inflected (modified in form) to encode tense, aspect, mood, and voice. A verb may also agree with the person, gender, and/or number of some of its arguments, such as its subject, or object. Verbs have tenses: present, to indicate that an action is being carried out; past, to indicate that an action has been done; future, to indicate that an action will be done., A referent is a person or thing to which a linguistic expression or other symbol refers. For example, in the sentence "Mary saw me", the referent of the word "Mary" is the particular person called Mary who is being spoken of, while the referent of the word "me" is the person uttering the sentence., In grammar, inflection or inflexion  sometimes called accidence  is the modification of a word to express different grammatical categories such as tense, case, voice, aspect, person, number, gender, and mood. The inflection of verbs is also called "conjugation", and one can refer to the inflection of nouns, adjectives, adverbs, pronouns, determiners, participles, prepositions, postpositions, numerals, articles etc, as "declension"., A prefix is an affix which is placed before the stem of a word. Adding it to the beginning of one word changes it into another word. For example, when the prefix "un-" is added to the word "happy", it creates the word "unhappy". Particularly in the study of languages, a prefix is also called a preformative, because it alters the form of the words to which it is affixed., A possessive form (abbreviated ) is a word or grammatical construction used to indicate a relationship of possession in a broad sense. This can include strict ownership, or a number of other types of relation to a greater or lesser degree analogous to it., In linguistics, a morpheme is the smallest grammatical unit in a language. In other words, it is the smallest meaningful unit of a language. The field of study dedicated to morphemes is called morphology. A morpheme is not identical to a word, and the principal difference between the two is that a morpheme may or may not stand alone, whereas a word, by definition, is freestanding. When it stands by itself, it is considered as a root because it has a meaning of its own (e.g. the morpheme "cat") and when it depends on another morpheme to express an idea, it is an affix because it has a grammatical function (e.g. the "s" in "cats" to indicate that it is plural). Every word comprises one or more morphemes., In linguistics, a word is the smallest element that can be uttered in isolation with semantic or pragmatic content (with literal or practical meaning). This contrasts deeply with a morpheme, which is the smallest unit of meaning but will not necessarily stand on its own. A word may consist of a single morpheme (for example: "oh!, rock, red, quick, run, expect"), or several ("rocks, redness, quickly, running, unexpected"), whereas a morpheme may not be able to stand on its own as a word (in the words just mentioned, these are "-s, -ness, -ly, -ing, un-, -ed").
A complex word will typically include a root and one or more affixes ("rock-s, red-ness, quick-ly, run-ning, un-expect-ed"), or more than one root in a compound ("black-board, rat-race"). Words can be put together to build larger elements of language, such as phrases ("a red rock"), clauses ("I threw a rock"), and sentences ("He threw a rock too, but he missed")., Linguistics is the scientific study of language, and involves an analysis of language form, language meaning, and language in context. The earliest activities in the documentation and description of language have been attributed to the 4th century BCE Indian grammarian Pini who wrote a formal description of the Sanskrit language in his ""., A noun phrase or nominal phrase (abbreviated NP) is a phrase which has a noun (or indefinite pronoun) as its head word, or which performs the same grammatical function as such a phrase. Noun phrases are very common cross-linguistically, and they may be the most frequently occurring phrase type., A part of speech (abbreviated form: PoS or POS) is a category of words (or, more generally, of lexical items) which have similar grammatical properties. Words that are assigned to the same part of speech generally display similar behavior in terms of syntaxthey play similar roles within the grammatical structure of sentencesand sometimes in terms of morphology, in that they undergo inflection for similar properties. Commonly listed English parts of speech are "noun", "verb", "adjective", "adverb", "pronoun", "preposition", "conjunction", "interjection", and sometimes "numeral", "article" or "determiner"., In grammar, a clause is the smallest grammatical unit that can express a complete proposition. A typical clause consists of a subject and a predicate, the latter typically a verb phrase, a verb with any objects and other modifiers. However, the subject is sometimes not expressed, often the case in null-subject languages if the subject is retrievable from context, but it sometimes also occurs in other languages such as English (as in imperative sentences and non-finite clauses)., A noun (from Latin "nmen", literally meaning "name") is a word that functions as the name of some specific thing or set of things, such as living creatures, objects, places, actions, qualities, states of existence, or ideas. Linguistically, a noun is a member of a large, open part of speech whose members can occur as the main word in the subject of a clause, the object of a verb, or the object of a preposition., Latin (Latin: ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. The Latin alphabet is derived from the Etruscan and Greek alphabets., An indefinite pronoun is a pronoun that refers to non-specific beings, objects, or places., Language is the ability to acquire and use complex systems of communication, particularly the human ability to do so, and a language is any specific example of such a system. The scientific study of language is called linguistics. Questions concerning the philosophy of language, such as whether words can represent experience, have been debated since Gorgias and Plato in Ancient Greece. Thinkers such as Rousseau have argued that language originated from emotions while others like Kant have held that it originated from rational and logical thought. 20th-century philosophers such as Wittgenstein argued that philosophy is really the study of language. Major figures in linguistics include Ferdinand de Saussure and Noam Chomsky., Possessive determiners constitute a sub-class of determiners which modify a noun by attributing possession (or other sense of belonging) to someone or something. They are also known as possessive adjectives, although the latter term is sometimes used with a wider meaning., A determiner ( also called determinative ) is a word , phrase , or affix that occurs together with a noun or noun phrase and serves to express the reference of that noun or noun phrase in the context . That is , a determiner may indicate whether the noun is referring to a definite or indefinite element of a class , to a closer or more distant element , to an element belonging to a specified person or thing , to a particular number or quantity , etc. Common kinds of determiners include definite and indefinite articles ( like the English the and a or an ) , demonstratives ( this and that ) , possessive determiners ( my and their ) , quantifiers ( many , few and several ) , numerals , distributive determiners ( each , any ) , and interrogative determiners ( which ) . For examples of determiners and their use , see the box on the right . For further details of their use in English , see English determiners and English articles ., Subject: determiner, Relation: instance_of, Options: (A) adverb (B) affix (C) alphabet (D) aspect (E) behavior (F) branch (G) case (H) century (I) clause (J) communication (K) complex (L) construction (M) degree (N) description (O) field (P) field of study (Q) grammar (R) head (S) human (T) language (U) may (V) member (W) name (X) null (Y) numeral (Z) object ([) ownership (\) part of speech (]) past tense (^) person (_) phrase (`) predicate (a) prefix (b) principal (c) pronoun (d) proposition (e) rat (f) reference (g) relation (h) relationship (i) rock (j) sense (k) sentence (l) set (m) state (n) study (o) suffix (p) symbol (q) system (r) tense (s) verb (t) word
Output: part of speech