Context: The Duchy of Florence was an Italian principality that was centred on the city of Florence, in Tuscany, Italy. The duchy was founded after Emperor Charles V restored Medici rule to Florence in 1530. Pope Clement VII, himself a Medici, appointed his relative Alessandro de' Medici as Duke of the Florentine Republic, thereby transforming the Republic of Florence into a hereditary monarchy., Ferdinando de ' Medici ( 9 August 1663 -- 31 October 1713 ) was the eldest son of Cosimo III de ' Medici , Grand Duke of Tuscany , and Marguerite Louise d'Orléans . Ferdinando was heir to the Grand Duchy of Tuscany , with the title Grand Prince , from his father 's accession in 1670 until his death in 1713 . He is remembered today primarily as a patron of music . An excellent musician himself ( sometimes called `` the Orpheus of princes '' ) , he attracted top musicians to Florence and thus made it an important musical center . Through his patronage of Bartolomeo Cristofori , Ferdinando made possible the invention of the piano ., Bartolomeo Cristofori di Francesco (May 4, 1655  January 27, 1731) was an Italian maker of musical instruments, generally regarded as the inventor of the piano., Classical mythology or Greco-Roman mythology is both the body of and the study of myths from the ancient Greeks and Romans as they are used or transformed by cultural reception. Along with philosophy and political thought, mythology represents one of the major survivals of classical antiquity throughout later Western culture. The Greek word "mythos" refers to the spoken word or speech, but it also denotes a tale, story or narrative., Orpheus was a legendary musician, poet, and prophet in ancient Greek religion and myth. The major stories about him are centered on his ability to charm all living things and even stones with his music, his attempt to retrieve his wife, Eurydice, from the underworld, and his death at the hands of those who could not hear his divine music. As an archetype of the inspired singer, Orpheus is one of the most significant figures in the reception of classical mythology in Western culture, portrayed or alluded to in countless forms of art and popular culture including poetry, film, opera, music, and painting., The Grand Duchy of Tuscany was a central Italian monarchy that existed, with interruptions, from 1569 to 1859, replacing the Duchy of Florence. The grand duchy's capital was Florence. Tuscany was nominally a state of the Holy Roman Empire until the Treaty of Campo Formio in 1797., Florence is the capital city of the Italian region of Tuscany and of the Metropolitan City of Florence. It is the most populous city in Tuscany, with 383,083 inhabitants, expanding to over 1,520,000 in the metropolitan area., The Treaty of Campo Formio (today Campoformido) was signed on 18 October 1797 (27 Vendémiaire VI) by Napoleon Bonaparte and Count Philipp von Cobenzl as representatives of the French Republic and the Austrian monarchy, respectively. The treaty followed the armistice of Leoben (18 April 1797), which had been forced on the Habsburgs by Napoleon's victorious campaign in Italy. It definitively ended the War of the First Coalition and left Great Britain fighting alone against revolutionary France., Ancient Greek religion encompasses the collection of beliefs, rituals, and mythology originating in ancient Greece in the form of both popular public religion and cult practices. These groups varied enough for it to be possible to speak of Greek religions or "cults" in the plural, though most of them shared similarities., Subject: ferdinando de' medici, Relation: languages_spoken_or_written, Options: (A) ancient greek (B) french (C) greek (D) italian
Output: italian