Context: The national parks of England and Wales are areas of relatively undeveloped and scenic landscape that are designated under the National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949. Despite their similar name, national parks in England and Wales are quite different from national parks in many other countries, which are usually owned and managed by the government as a protected community resource, and which do not usually include permanent human communities. In England and Wales, designation as a national park may include substantial settlements and human land uses which are often integral parts of the landscape, and land within a national park remains largely in private ownership., Sir Arthur Lawrence Hobhouse ( 15 February 1886 -- 20 January 1965 ) was a long - serving English local government Liberal politician , who is best remembered as the architect of the system of National parks of England and Wales . Hobhouse was the son of the prominent Liberal politician and MP Henry Hobhouse and the brother of peace activist , prison reformer , and religious writer Stephen Henry Hobhouse . Arthur Hobhouse was educated at Eton College , St Andrews University and Trinity College , Cambridge , where he graduated in Natural Sciences . At Cambridge , he was a Cambridge Apostle and a member of the Cambridge University Liberal Club , becoming Secretary in 1906 and was also the lover of John Maynard Keynes and Duncan Grant . He practised as a solicitor until the outbreak of World War I , when he joined the British Expeditionary Force . After the War he joined the Claims Commission , dealing with claims against Allied forces in the Abbeville area , and rose to the rank of Staff Captain . Returning to civilian life , Hobhouse took to farming on a family estate in Somerset . He was elected Member of Parliament for Wells at the 1923 General Election but lost the seat in 1924 , failing to regain it in 1929 . He was elected to Somerset County Council in 1925 , became an alderman in 1934 , and was chairman of the council from 1940 to 1947 . In 1945 he was appointed by Lewis Silkin , the Minister of Town and Country Planning , to chair the National Parks Committee . The resulting Hobhouse Report was the basis for the National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949 . Of the twelve parks it proposed , ten were implemented in the 1950s , while the remaining two , the New Forest and the South Downs , were proposed in 1999 and finally designated in 2005 and 2009 respectively . Hobhouse was knighted in 1942 . Sir Arthur also served as chair of the Rural Housing Committee 1942 -- 1947 , was pro-chancellor of Bristol University , and was both chairman and president of the County Councils Association ( now part of the Local Government Association ) . His son , Paul , married Penelope Chichester - Clark ., The National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which created the National Parks Commission which later became the Countryside Commission and then the Countryside Agency, which became Natural England when it merged with English Nature in 2006. The Act provided the framework for the creation of National Parks and Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty in England and Wales, and also addressed public rights of way and access to open land. The Act was passed in 1949 with all-party support, as part of the reconstruction of the UK by the Labour Party government after World War II., Subject: arthur hobhouse, Relation: conflict, Options: (A) world war (B) world war ii
Output: world war ii