Context: Ingolstadt is a city in the Free State of Bavaria, in the Federal Republic of Germany. It is located along the banks of the River Danube, in the centre of Bavaria. , Ingolstadt had 131,002 citizens. It is part of the Munich Metropolitan Area, which has a total population of more than 5 million., Linz  is the third-largest city of Austria and capital of the state of Upper Austria. It is located in the north centre of Austria, approximately south of the Czech border, on both sides of the River Danube. The population of the city is , and that of the Greater Linz conurbation is about 271,000. , Vilnius (see also other names) is the capital of Lithuania and its largest city, with a population of 542,664 . Vilnius is located in the southeast part of Lithuania and is the second largest city in the Baltic states. Vilnius is the seat of the main government institutions of Lithuania as well as of the Vilnius District Municipality. Vilnius is classified as a Gamma global city according to GaWC studies, and is known for the architecture in its Old Town, declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1994. Its Jewish influence until the 20th century has led to it being described as the "Jerusalem of Lithuania" and Napoleon named it "the Jerusalem of the North" as he was passing through in 1812. In 2009, Vilnius was the European Capital of Culture, together with the Austrian city of Linz., An upper house, sometimes called a Senate, is one of two chambers of a bicameral legislature (or one of three chambers of a tricameral legislature), the other chamber being the lower house. The house formally designated as the upper house is usually smaller, and often has more restricted power, than the lower house. Examples of upper houses in countries include the UK's House of Lords, Canada's Senate, India's Rajya Sabha, Russia's Federation Council, Ireland's Seanad, Germany's Bundesrat and the United States Senate., Bavaria  is a federal state of Germany. Located in the German southeast with an area of 70,548 square kilometres (27,200 sq mi), Bavaria is the largest German state. Its territory comprises roughly a fifth of the total land area of Germany, and, with 12.9 million inhabitants, it is Germany's second most populous state. Munich, Bavaria's capital and largest city, is the third largest city in Germany., Vilnius District Municipality is one of 60 municipalities in Lithuania. It surrounds the capital city of Vilnius on 3 sides, while the rest borders the Trakai District Municipality., Vitebsk or Vitsebsk (acinka: "Viciebsk", ;   ), is a city in Belarus. The capital of the Vitebsk Region, in 2004 it had 342,381 inhabitants, making it the country's fourth largest city. It is served by Vitebsk Vostochny Airport and Vitebsk air base., The Smolensk War (16321634) was a conflict fought between the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Russia., Smolensk is a city and the administrative center of Smolensk Oblast, Russia, located on the Dnieper River, west-southwest of Moscow. Population: , Vitebsk Region, Vitsebsk Voblast, or Vitebsk Oblast ("Viciebskaja Vobas") is a region (voblast) of Belarus with its administrative center being Vitebsk (Viciebsk). It is located near the border with Russia. , The Sejm of the Republic of Poland is the lower house of the Polish parliament. It consists of 460 deputies (posowie, literally "envoys", in Polish) elected by universal ballot and is presided over by a speaker called the "Marshal of the "Sejm" of the Republic of Poland" ("Marszaek Sejmu Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej"). In the Kingdom of Poland, ""Sejm"" referred to the entire three-chamber parliament of Poland, comprising the lower house (the Chamber of Envoys), the upper house (the Senate; Polish: "Senat") and the King. It was thus a three-estate parliament. Since the Second Polish Republic (19181939), ""Sejm"" has referred only to the lower house of the parliament; the upper house is called the "Senat Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej" ("Senate of the Republic of Poland")., Belarus ( lat. ', ), officially the Republic of Belarus, formerly known by its Russian name Byelorussia (though this name is no longer used in Belarus itself, even in Russian language), is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe bordered by Russia to the northeast, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west, and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest. Its capital and most populous city is Minsk. Over 40% of its is forested. Its strongest economic sectors are service industries and manufacturing. Until the 20th century, different states at various times controlled the lands of modern-day Belarus, including the Principality of Polotsk (11th to 14th centuries), the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the PolishLithuanian Commonwealth, and the Russian Empire., The Baltic states, also known as the Baltic countries, Baltic republics, Baltic nations, or simply, the Baltics, are the three countries in northern Europe on the eastern coast of the Baltic Sea: Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. The Baltic states cooperate on a regional level in several intergovernmental organizations., Napoleon Bonaparte ("Napoléon Bonaparte";  , born ""Napoleone di Buonaparte""; 15 August 1769  5 May 1821) was a French military and political leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led several successful campaigns during the French Revolutionary Wars. As Napoleon I, he was Emperor of the French from 1804 until 1814, and again in 1815. Napoleon dominated European and global affairs for more than a decade while leading France against a series of coalitions in the Napoleonic Wars. He won most of these wars and the vast majority of his battles, building a large empire that ruled over continental Europe before its final collapse in 1815. One of the greatest commanders in history, his wars and campaigns are studied at military schools worldwide. Napoleon's political and cultural legacy has ensured his status as one of the most celebrated and controversial leaders in human history., Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a federal parliamentary republic in central-western Europe. It includes 16 constituent states, covers an area of , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate. With about 82 million inhabitants, Germany is the most populous member state of the European Union. After the United States, it is the second most popular immigration destination in the world. Germany's capital and largest metropolis is Berlin. Other major cities include Hamburg, Munich, Cologne, Frankfurt, Stuttgart and Düsseldorf., The Second Polish Republic, also known as the Second Commonwealth of Poland or interwar Poland, refers to the country of Poland between the First and Second World Wars (19181939). Officially known as the Republic of Poland or the Commonwealth of Poland, the Polish state was recreated in 1918, in the aftermath of World War I. When, after several regional conflicts, the borders of the state were fixed in 1922, Poland's neighbours were Czechoslovakia, Germany, the Free City of Danzig, Lithuania, Latvia, Romania and the Soviet Union. It had access to the Baltic Sea via a short strip of coastline either side of the city of Gdynia. Between March and August 1939, Poland also shared a border with the then-Hungarian governorate of Subcarpathia. Despite internal and external pressures, it continued to exist until 1939, when Poland was invaded by Nazi Germany, the Soviet Union and the Slovak Republic, marking the beginning of World War II in Europe. The Second Republic was significantly different in territory to the current Polish state. It included substantially more territory in the east and less in the west., Lithuania (UK and US: ), officially the Republic of Lithuania, is a country in Northern Europe. One of the three Baltic states, it is situated along the southeastern shore of the Baltic Sea, to the east of Sweden and Denmark. It is bordered by Latvia to the north, Belarus to the east and south, Poland to the south, and Kaliningrad Oblast (a Russian exclave) to the southwest. Lithuania has an estimated population of 2.9 million people , and its capital and largest city is Vilnius. Lithuanians are a Baltic people. The official language, Lithuanian, along with Latvian, is one of only two living languages in the Baltic branch of the Indo-European language family., Munich (also in British English ) is the capital and largest city of the German state of Bavaria, on the banks of River Isar north of the Bavarian Alps. Munich is the third largest city in Germany, after Berlin and Hamburg, and the 12th biggest city of the European Union, with a population of above 1.5 million. The Munich Metropolitan Region is home to 5.8 million people., Vitebsk Vostochny Airport (also known as Vitebsk Southeast Airport) is an airport serving Vitebsk in Belarus. It is located southeast of the city. It accommodates small aircraft up to the size of Tupolev Tu-154 and can also accommodate Il-76., Fryderyk Sapieha ( before 1599 - 1650 ) was a Polish - Lithuanian noble from Polish - Lithuanian Commonwealth . Voivode of Mcisaw ( 1647 - 1650 ) , podkomorzy of Vitebsk ( from 1620 ) , starost of Ostry ( from 1611 ) . Studied in Vilnius and Ingolstadt . Deputy to Sejm in 1624 . Fought in the Polish - Swedish War ( 1625 -- 1629 ) and Smolensk War with Muscovy ( 1633 - 1634 ) ., Subject: fryderyk sapieha, Relation: country_of_citizenship, Options: (A) austria (B) belarus (C) british (D) canada (E) czechoslovakia (F) denmark (G) estonia (H) france (I) frankfurt (J) germany (K) grand duchy of lithuania (L) ireland (M) lithuania (N) poland (O) russia (P) russian empire (Q) second polish republic (R) soviet union (S) sweden
Output: grand duchy of lithuania