Context: The Taiping Rebellion or Taiping Civil War (simplified Chinese: ; traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: "Taìpíng Tanguó Yùndòng", literally "Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement") was a massive rebellion or civil war in China that lasted from 1850 to 1864 fought between the established Manchu-led Qing dynasty and the millenarian movement of the Heavenly Kingdom of Peace. The Taiping Rebellion began in the southern province of Guangxi when local officials launched a campaign of persecution against a millenarian sect known as the God Worshipping Society led by Hong Xiuquan, who believed himself to be the younger brother of Jesus Christ. The war was mostly fought in the provinces of Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi, and Hubei, but over 14 years of war, the Taiping Army had marched through every regularized province of China proper except Gansu. The war was the largest in China since the Qing conquest in 1644, and ranks as one of the bloodiest wars in human history, the bloodiest civil war, and the largest conflict of the nineteenth century with estimates of war dead ranging from 20 to 70 million, to as much as 100 million, as well as millions more displaced., Hong Tianguifu ( simplified Chinese :  ; traditional Chinese :  ; pinyin : Hóng Tinguìfú ) ( 23 November 1849 -- 18 November 1864 ) , also called Hong Tiangui and in Qing historical record , Hong Futian (  Hóng Fútiàn ) , was the second and last king of the Heavenly Kingdom of Taiping . He is popularly referred to as the Junior Lord (  ) . Officially , like his father Hong Xiuquan , he was the King of Heaven (  ) . To differentiate , he is also called the Junior King of Heaven (  ) . Hong succeeded his father at fourteen and was not respected like his father by the princes , and he was spoken of poorly . In Zhong Prince Li Xiucheng Describes Himself (    ) , the autobiographical account of a prince of the Heavenly Kingdom written shortly before his execution , Hong Tianguifu was described as `` inexperienced , '' `` spoiled , '' and `` incapable . '' Also , Hong Tianguifu never rode a horse , which was essential for leaders and commanders in wars . Four months after his coronation , Tianjing , the capital of Taiping rebels were captured by Qing Dynasty . Hong Tianguifu escaped to Dongba (  ) , Jiangsu in July , 1864 , rendezvoused with his uncle , Hong Rengan (  ) , Gan Prince (  ) . After going to Guangde County , Anhui first , they went to the town of Huzhou (  ) , Zhejiang on 13 August 1864 to rendezvous with the local Taiping Army commander Huang Wenjin (  ) . Imperial Chinese Qing Dynasty sent Zuo Zongtang and Li Hongzhang to attack the city , and Chen Xueming (  ) , the Taiping army commander in charge of defending the southern gate of the town surrendered on 26 August 1864 . Hong Tianguifu , Hong Rengan and Huang Wenjin (  ) were forced to flee from the town next day , under the cover of darkness at night , and Huang Wenjin (  ) soon died of his wounds . The rest of the survivors attempted to escape to the border region of Jiangxi , Guangdong and Fujian to join the remnant of Taiping forces led by Li Shixian (  ) , but on 9 October 1864 , they were ambushed by the Imperial Chinese army at Shicheng (  ) and Hong Rengan was captured and subsequently executed on 23 November 1864 at Nanchang (  ) , Jiangxi . Hong Tianguifu escaped to the mountains near Shicheng after his token force was wiped out , but he was caught on 25 October 1864 by Qing soldiers searching for him and was subsequently executed by slow slicing on 18 November 1864 at the age of 14 . A glimpse of Hong Tianguifu 's character can be seen by his remarks before his execution : `` Guangdong is n't a nice place , I do n't want to go back . I only want to study with Old Master Tang in Hunan , then become a first - degree scholar . '' ( ``  ,  ,  ,  . '' ) This apparently innocent , pointless and irrelevant comment was considered by some as a desperate and futile attempt to avoid his untimely death by fooling the executioner into confusing his identity . It may have been his utter lack of understanding of what was happening to him , and to his lost kingdom . Despite the short time he was a king , he was issued an official jade seal (  yù x ) , which is an exhibit in the Hong Kong Museum of History (  ) . Hong Tianguifu 's name is unusual in that it contains a three - character given name whereas almost all Chinese given names have just one or two characters ., Hong Xiuquan(1 January 1814  1 June 1864), born Hong Renkun and with the courtesy name Huoxiu, was a Hakka Chinese leader of the Taiping Rebellion against the Qing Dynasty, establishing the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom over varying portions of southern China, with himself as the "Heavenly King" and self-proclaimed brother of Jesus Christ., The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom was an oppositional state in China from 1851 to 1864, supporting the overthrow of the Qing dynasty by Hong Xiuquan and his followers. The unsuccessful war it waged against the Qing is known as the Taiping Rebellion. Its capital was at Tianjing (present-day Nanjing)., A courtesy name ("zi"), also known as a style name, is a name bestowed upon one at adulthood in addition to one's given name. This practice is a tradition in East Asian cultures, including China, Japan, Korea, and Vietnam., The Qing dynasty, officially the Great Qing, also called the Qing Empire or the Manchu dynasty, was the last imperial dynasty of China, ruling from 1644 to 1912 with a brief, abortive restoration in 1917. It was preceded by the Ming dynasty and succeeded by the Republic of China. The Qing multi-cultural empire lasted almost three centuries and formed the territorial base for the modern Chinese state., Subject: hong tianguifu, Relation: country_of_citizenship, Options: (A) china (B) qing dynasty (C) republic of china (D) taiping heavenly kingdom (E) vietnam
Output: taiping heavenly kingdom