Context: The Holy Roman Emperor (historically "" "Emperor of the Romans") was the ruler of the Holy Roman Empire. From an autocracy in Carolingian times the title evolved into an elected monarchy chosen by the Prince-electors. Until the Reformation the Emperor elect ("imperator electus") was required to be crowned by the Pope before assuming the imperial title., The incumbent is the current holder of a political office. This term is usually used in reference to elections, in which races can often be defined as being between an incumbent and non-incumbent(s). For example, in the 2012 United States presidential election, Barack Obama was the incumbent, because he had been the president in the previous term while the election sought to determine the president for the current term. A race without an incumbent is referred to as an open seat., An anti-king, anti king or antiking is a would-be king who, due to succession disputes or simple political opposition, declares himself king in opposition to a reigning monarch. The term is usually used in a European historical context where it relates to elective monarchies rather than hereditary ones. In hereditary monarchies such figures are more frequently referred to as pretenders or claimants., Conrad (25 March 1252  29 October 1268), called "the Younger" or "the Boy", but usually known by the diminutive Conradin, was the Duke of Swabia (12541268, as Conrad IV), King of Jerusalem (12541268, as Conrad III), and King of Sicily (12541258, "de jure" until 1268, as Conrad II)., The Great Saxon Revolt was a civil war between 1077 and 1088 early in the history of the Holy Roman Empire led by a group of opportunistic German princes who elected as their figurehead the duke of Swabia and anti-king Rudolf of Rheinfeld, a two-way brother-in-law of the young Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor (Henry was crowned at the age of six and took on his offices when aged sixteen). It followed the Saxon Rebellion of 107375., Rheinfelden is a municipality in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland, seat of the district of Rheinfelden. It is located 15 kilometres east of Basel. The name means the fields of the Rhine, as the town is located on the Hochrhein. It is home to Feldschlösschen, the most popular beer in Switzerland. The city is across the river from Rheinfelden in Baden-Württemberg; the two cities were joined until Napoleon Bonaparte fixed the GermanSwiss border on the Rhine in 1802 and are still socially and economically tied., The Hohenstaufen, also called the Staufer or Staufen, were a dynasty of German kings (11381254) during the Middle Ages. Besides Germany, they also ruled the Kingdom of Sicily (11941268). In Italian historiography, they are known as the "Svevi" (Swabians), since they were (successive) dukes of Swabia from 1079. Three members of the dynastyFrederick I, Henry VI and Frederick IIwere crowned Holy Roman Emperor., Regalia is Latin plurale tantum for the privileges and the insignia characteristic of a sovereign. , The Dukes of Swabia were the rulers of the Duchy of Swabia during the Middle Ages. Swabia was one of the five stem duchies of the medieval German kingdom, and its dukes were thus among the most powerful magnates of Germany. The most notable family to rule Swabia was the Hohenstaufen family, who held it, with a brief interruption, from 1079 until 1268. For much of this period, the Hohenstaufen were also Holy Roman Emperors. With the death of Conradin, the last Hohenstaufen duke, the duchy itself disintegrated, although King Rudolf I attempted to revive it for his Habsburg family in the late-13th century., Rudolf of Rheinfelden ( c. 1025 -- 15 October 1080 ) , a German aristocrat , was the Duke of Swabia ( 1057 -- 1079 ) , a brother - in - law of the Emperor Henry IV and the king - elect of a faction of the nobility in opposition to Henry from 1077 . His election as King of Germany marked the outbreak of the Great Saxon Revolt , the first phase of open conflict in the contest between Empire and Papacy over the issue of episcopal investiture . Rudolf died as a result of battlefield injuries after his forces defeated Henry 's at the Battle of Elster ., Investiture, from the Latin (preposition "in" and verb "vestire", "dress" from "vestis" "robe"), is a term for the formal installation of an incumbent as the insignia can include the formal dress and adornment (robes of state, headdress etc.) which the etymology refers to, but it extends to other regalia and to a throne or other seat of office. It is used both as a generic term, and for more specific cases as coronation and enthronement., Feldschlösschen is a brand of beer. The brewery, with the main facility located in Rheinfelden, Switzerland is the biggest brewery in Switzerland and was founded in 1876. It bought out Cardinal in 1991. It was bought by Carlsberg in 2000., An enthronement is a ceremony of inauguration, involving a personusually a monarch or religious leaderbeing formally seated for the first time upon their throne. This ritual is generally distinguished from a coronation because there is no crown or other regalia that is physically bestowed upon the one being enthroned, though regalia may be present at the ceremony. Enthronements occur in both church and state settings, since the throne is seen as a symbol of authority, both secular and spiritual., A duke (male) (British English: or American English: ) or duchess (female) can either be a monarch ruling over a duchy or a member of the nobility, historically of highest rank below the monarch. The title comes from French "duc", itself from the Latin "dux", 'leader', a term used in republican Rome to refer to a military commander without an official rank (particularly one of Germanic or Celtic origin), and later coming to mean the leading military commander of a province., A coronation is a ceremony marking the formal investiture of a monarch with regal power, usually involving the ritual placement of a crown upon the monarch's head and the presentation of other items of regalia. The ceremony can also be conducted for the monarch's consort, either simultaneously with the monarch or as a separate event. A ceremony without the placement of a crown on the person's head is known as an enthronement. The ceremony may include the taking of special vows by the monarch, acts of homage by the new ruler's subjects and the performance of other ritual deeds of special significance to the particular nation. Once a vital ritual among the world's monarchies, coronations have changed over time for a variety of socio-political and religious factors; most modern monarchies have dispensed with them altogether, preferring simpler enthronement, investiture or benediction ceremonies. Coronations are still observed in the United Kingdom, Tonga, and several Asian and African countries. In common usage today, "coronation" normally refers to the official investiture or enthronement of the monarch, whether or not an actual crown is bestowed., Subject: rudolf of rheinfelden, Relation: occupation, Options: (A) cardinal (B) duke (C) emperor (D) king (E) leader (F) monarch (G) president (H) religious (I) ruler (J) sovereign
Output: monarch