Context: Robert Waring Darwin (30 May 1766  13 November 1848) was an English medical doctor, who today is best known as the father of the naturalist Charles Darwin. He was a member of the influential Darwin-Wedgwood family., Literature, in its broadest sense, is any single body of written works. More restrictively, it is writing considered as an art form, or any single writing deemed to have artistic or intellectual value, often due to deploying language in ways that differ from ordinary usage. Its Latin root "literatura"/"litteratura" (derived itself from "littera": "letter" or "handwriting") was used to refer to all written accounts, though contemporary definitions extend the term to include texts that are spoken or sung (oral literature). Literature can be classified according to whether it is fiction or non-fiction and whether it is poetry or prose; it can be further distinguished according to major forms such as the novel, short story or drama; and works are often categorized according to historical periods or their adherence to certain aesthetic features or expectations (genre)., Charles Robert Darwin, (12 February 1809  19 April 1882) was an English naturalist and geologist, best known for his contributions to the science of evolution. He established that all species of life have descended over time from common ancestors, and in a joint publication with Alfred Russel Wallace introduced his scientific theory that this branching pattern of evolution resulted from a process that he called natural selection, in which the struggle for existence has a similar effect to the artificial selection involved in selective breeding., Time travel is the concept of movement (such as by a human) between certain points in time, analogous to movement between different points in space, typically using a hypothetical device known as a time machine, in the form of a vehicle or of a portal connecting distant points in time. Time travel is a recognized concept in philosophy and fiction, but traveling to an arbitrary point in time has a very limited support in theoretical physics, and usually only in conjunction with quantum mechanics or wormholes, also known as Einstein-Rosen bridges. In a more narrow sense, one-way time travel into the future via time dilation is a well-understood phenomenon within the frameworks of special relativity and general relativity, but advancing a large amount of time is not feasible with current technology. The concept was touched upon in various earlier works of fiction, but was popularized by H. G. Wells' 1895 novel "The Time Machine", which moved the concept of time travel into the public imagination, and it remains a popular subject in science fiction., Natural selection is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype. It is a key mechanism of evolution, the change in heritable traits of a population over time. Charles Darwin popularised the term "natural selection", and compared it with artificial selection., Alfred Russel Wallace (8 January 1823  7 November 1913) was a British naturalist, explorer, geographer, anthropologist, and biologist. He is best known for independently conceiving the theory of evolution through natural selection; his paper on the subject was jointly published with some of Charles Darwin's writings in 1858. This prompted Darwin to publish his own ideas in "On the Origin of Species." Wallace did extensive fieldwork, first in the Amazon River basin and then in the Malay Archipelago, where he identified the faunal divide now termed the Wallace Line, which separates the Indonesian archipelago into two distinct parts: a western portion in which the animals are largely of Asian origin, and an eastern portion where the fauna reflect Australasia., Darwin IV is a fictional planet and the subject of Wayne Barlowe's book "Expedition" and the television special, "Alien Planet", based on "Expedition". Although the details of the discovery and exploration of Darwin IV differ in the two presentations, both are essentially the same in their depiction of the planetary environment and its native life-forms, whose abundance and variety prompt the name Darwin., Speculative fiction is a broad umbrella genre denoting any narrative fiction with supernatural or futuristic elements; this encompasses the genres of science fiction, fantasy, horror, alternative history, magic realism, and superhero fiction, as well as combinations of the previous genres. It typically strays strongly from reality and so may feature fictional types of beings like mythical creatures and supernatural entities, technologies that do not exist in real life like time machines and interstellar spaceships, or magical or otherwise scientifically inexplicable elements. The term's popularity is sometimes attributed to Robert Heinlein, who referenced it in 1947 in an editorial essay, although there are prior mentions of speculative fiction, or its variant "speculative literature"., Science fiction (often shortened to SF, sci-fi or scifi) is a genre of speculative fiction, typically dealing with imaginative concepts such as futuristic science and technology, space travel, time travel, faster than light travel, parallel universes, and extraterrestrial life. Science fiction often explores the potential consequences of scientific and other innovations, and has been called a "literature of ideas." It usually avoids the supernatural, and unlike the related genre of fantasy, historically science fiction stories were intended to have a grounding in science-based fact or theory at the time the story was created, but this connection is now limited to hard science fiction., Expedition is a science fiction and speculative fiction book by artist - author Wayne Douglas Barlowe . Subtitled `` Being an Account in Words and Artwork of the 2358 A.D. Voyage to Darwin IV '' , it is written as though published in the year 2366 , five years after Barlowe 's participation in a voyage to an alien planet , dubbed Darwin IV in honor of Charles Darwin . In the 24th century the exploitation of the Earth 's ecosystem has created an environment so toxic that mass extinctions have wiped out nearly half of its animal population . Most of the remaining fauna , save humans , have suffered horrible mutation . Aided by the benevolent and technologically superior alien race , the Yma , humanity begins to repair their ravaged world while simultaneously learning more about the universe around them . When an unmanned Yma probe discovers evidence of alien life on another planet , the `` expedition '' of the title is sent to investigate . Barlowe writes as a sort of 24th century Audubon , presenting his findings in a collection of paintings , sketches , field notes , and diary entries from his explorations of Darwin IV. He details a bewildering variety of alien lifeforms such as Gyrosprinters , Arrowtongues , Grove - backs , Daggerwrists , Skewers , Emperor Sea Striders and Eosapiens . Unlike the aliens presented in much of popular science fiction , which often seem to be variations of terrestrial lifeforms , Barlowe 's creatures are truly alien : None of them possess eyes or true jaws ; their body structures are often unlike any found on Earth ; they have unique modes of locomotion , sensing , and eating . Very late in the expedition , the explorer encounters lifeforms which use tools ( the Eosapiens ) , giving a very strong indication of being intelligent . A conservationist theme is present throughout the book . The expedition is designed to have as minimal an impact as possible on the environment of Darwin IV. When two of the expedition 's members suffer a fatal accident , Yma technology is used to remove all traces of the accident from Darwin IV 's environment . At the conclusion of the expedition , Darwin IV is left in the same pristine state it was in prior to the expedition , with the exception of a metal obelisk placed in a remote area by the expedition ., Subject: expedition , Relation: author, Options: (A) alfred russel wallace (B) charles darwin (C) one (D) root (E) wayne barlowe
Output: wayne barlowe