niryuu/sni-each-converted huggingface dataset:
to demonstrate the manganese-dependent covalent binding of guanosine and uridine phosphates to a lysine/histidine residue.
Output: method
In this study , NiV-G protein served as the target immunogen to activate NiV-specific cellular immune responses.
Output: method
including Fusobacterium necrophorum , in patients with pharyngotonsillitis and in asymptomatic controls.
Output: purpose
We examined whether this synergistic effect is involved in the evolution of different types of ischemic stroke.
Output: purpose
Decreased prothrombin time activity and increased partial thromboplastin time were observed at the 6 and 9 weeks after infection and decreased of factors VIII and V activities occurred from 4 to 6 weeks after infection.
Output: finding
In this contribution , the classification of protein binding sites using the physicochemical properties exposed to their pockets is presented.
Output: purpose
Thus , this study aimed to evaluate the effect of different isolation strategies on the prevention of secondary viral transmission and clinical outcomes among exposed HD patients.
Output: purpose
Fast and slow axonal transport of protein have been studied in the optic nerves of mice infected with Semliki Forest Virus ( SFV ) that causes patchy demyelination throughout the CNS.
Output: background
are the fastest growing field in clinical laboratory diagnostics.
Output: background
In this review , we summarize the current knowledge on the expression of molecules involved in the cross-talk with T-cells in both microglial cells and DCs and discuss the potential contribution of each of these cell populations on the control of lymphocyte function within the CNS.
Output: purpose
In the second experiment , live aMPV subtype B vaccine was used in place of NDV.
Output: method
Original antigenic sin in 10-valent inactivated HRV-vaccinated mice.
Output: method
sex workers , men who have sex with men , and plasma donors.
Output: method
The objective of the current work was to describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of A ( H7N9 ) patients in Guangzhou and explore possible reasons for the high fatality rate.
Output: purpose
particularly in outbreaks , it also has some limitations and can be associated with negative effects.
Output: method
and up to date , corticosteroid is commonly administrated to severe patients with COVID-19.
Output: purpose
Here , we present a strategy for probe design based on protein sequences that is responsive to the unique problems posed in virus detection and discovery.
Output: purpose
the nucleic acids contaminated in fetal bovine serum.
Output: finding
A study was performed to evaluate porcine torovirus ( PToV ) seroprevalence and infection in three multi-site farms from the North-eastern region of Spain.
Output: purpose
Phage display ; Fab ; antibody library ; IgM ; one-step cloning Building a high-quality phage-displayed antibody library requires a source of large number of well-diversified antibody genes.
Output: method
In this chapter we outline the methods by which we establish fully differentiated airway epithelium and its use for human coronavirus propagation.
Output: purpose
In this report , further characterization of the two cleavage sites demonstrates that the N-terminal Q 2779 - S 2780 site is tolerant to mutations at the P1 position.
Output: finding
and the similarity of its sweetness to sucrose.
Output: background
Superimposition of the PLP2 model on the PLpro X-ray structure identifies binding site residues in PLP2 that contribute to the distinct substrate cleavage site specificities between the two proteases.
Output: finding
Adult and larval stages of beetles were collected from the litter of pigeon houses , and identified morphologically.
Output: method
despite claims made in the popular and scientific press.
Output: finding
the evaporator and the condenser subsequently.
Output: method
Potential health benefi ts attributed to bovine colostrum have increased manufacture and marketing of colostral Ig-based dietary supplements also for human use.
Output: background
which has been recognized as a pandemic by the World Health Organization ( WHO ) on March 11 t h.
Output: background
Both the tablet and liquid formulations will be included.
Output: method
identify the M pro as an attractive 58 target for antiviral drug design 9.
Output: background
as such , there is scope for intervention at the animal/insect/environmental reservoir.
Output: finding
The study of proteomics helps to better understand the mechanism of a disease.
Output: purpose
pathogen , and environmental factors in driving transmission heterogeneity across hosts and space.
Output: purpose
The evolutionary relationship between 2019-nCoV and the other human respiratory illness-causing coronavirus is not closely related.
Output: background
Geckler 's classification of specimens was used.
Output: method
have not been thoroughly investigated.
Output: background
Indeed , the observation that amyloidogenic proteins adopt similar secondary structures along the pathway to fibril formation opens the way to an interesting investigation : the development of inhibitors that could be universal amyloid traps.
Output: background
In this study , we investigated the cross-protection of H5N1-M2e against lethal infection with the new H7N9 virus.
Output: purpose
the outbreak is expected to peak within two weeks ( since 23 January 2020 ) with a significant low peak value.
Output: finding
Methods Patients with COVID-19 pneumonia ( confirmed by next-generation sequencing or RT-PCR ) who were admitted to one of two hospitals in Wuhan and who underwent serial chest CT scans were retrospectively enrolled.
Output: method
focusing our attention on the contribution of regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells to the lack of therapeutic success of DC-based cancer immunotherapy.
Output: purpose
One of the bovine partetraviruses detected in the present samples is phylogenetically distinct from previously reported bovine partetraviruses and likely represents a novel genotype.
Output: finding
Our objective was to study the frequency of EBV in tonsils and adenoids and to define the correlation between EBV and adenoid hyperplasia.
Output: purpose
Later the Immune Epitope Database and Analysis Resource ( IEDB-AR ) was used for the identification of T-cell and B-cellepitopes associated with type I and II major histocompatibility complex molecules analysis.
Output: method
a condition known as heterozygous advantage.
Output: purpose
The proposed PSD/rAzu hybrid structure with a great capability of single mutation recognition and miRNA expression level profiling in cancer cells holds a very promising platform to be studied for further development of various kinds of nanoscale biosensors , bioelectronic devices.
Output: finding
The RNA-Seq based transcriptome map identified 94 sRNAs in the H. somni genome of which 82 sRNAs were never predicted or reported in earlier studies.
Output: finding
Here we report that Orthoquin also has antiviral properties.
Output: purpose
H , N and M , respectively.
Output: finding
Specifically , both exhibited anti-HIV activity against viral replication at a low concentration and relatively low cytotoxicity at the effective concentration inhibiting viral growth by 50 %.
Output: finding
This review will discuss new insights as to how specific modifications at the 5 0 - end of viral RNA modulate host pathogen recognition responses to promote infection and disease.
Output: purpose
List and briefly discuss the Homeland Security Presidential Directives that apply to biosecurity and biodefense.
Output: purpose
This review also examines progress toward the goal of achieving a comprehensive understanding of the chemical and physical basis for molecular recognition of viral surface proteins in order to build predictive molecular models that can be used for vaccine design.
Output: purpose
Several antigens originating in cercariae and fewer in schistosomula were recognized by IgY with diverse sensitivity and specificity ; only a few seemed to be common to both stages.
Output: finding
Chen et al. showed that the banaba water extract exhibited an insulin-like glucose transport inducing activity.
Output: background
Twenty-seven field samples that showed positive in PEDV detection were collected from different farms of Fujian province from 2010 to 2012.
Output: method
Twenty-five peptides ( Ten for B4 , six for B12 , two for B15 , and seven for B19 ) were predicted to be potential T cell epitopes in chicken.
Output: method
Methods : IBV strain GD was isolated from southern China in 2013 and the complete genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis were performed.
Output: method
We used the model to quantify the potential effectiveness of contact tracing and isolation of cases at controlling a 2019 nCoV-like pathogen.
Output: method
This paper focuses on predicting the protein structure based on 3D images of the proteins captured through cryogenic electron microscopes ( cryo-EM ).
Output: purpose
CC1 facilitated binding of soluble CEACAM1 to CEACAM1 expressing cells.
Output: finding
Here , we provide an update of recent advances in the intracellular delivery mechanisms that could help drugs reach their target more efficiently.
Output: purpose
The candidates selected from docking studies were subsequently tested using biological assays to assess anti-HIV activities.
Output: method
1 1 + αI 2 represent the psychological effect from the behavioral 44 changes of susceptible population when the number of infected populations increases.
Output: method
The role of the N terminus of helix α7-unique for CNPase in the 2H family-during the reaction indicates that 2H phosphoesterases differ in their respective reaction mechanisms despite the conserved catalytic residues.
Output: finding
We postulated that NANOG is involved in the pathogenesis of gestational trophoblastic disease.
Output: purpose
highlighting the impact of the control measures on the progression of the epidemic.
Output: finding
A comparative assessment of four serological methods used in the detection and measurement of anti-parasite antibodies in the serum of the amphibian , Bufo viridis.
Output: background
Mice of 11 weeks of age weighing between 26 and 34 g were used.
Output: method
We report here the complete genome sequence of the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus strain CH/ZMDZY/11 isolated from central China.
Output: background
No lymphadenopathy was identified.
Output: finding
Model formulation 57 We consider two population groups as host and vector population.
Output: method
Archaeal DnaG contains N-and C-terminal domains ( NTD and CTD ) of unknown function flanking a TOPRIM domain.
Output: background
we assembled a panel of hepatic and non-hepatic cell lines and assessed their ability to support HCV infection.
Output: method
technical requirements and cost , are likely to be as important for making a decision about which of these assays to use given their comparative performance.
Output: finding
The purpose of this chapter is to review and discuss the interpretation and relevance of results produced by these advanced molecular techniques.
Output: purpose
The effective number of codons ( ENC ) analysis showed the CUB was weak in these four species and the four subgenomes of the two tetraploids.
Output: finding
and the oxyanion loop near the S1 substrate-binding subsite in domain II.
Output: finding
genetically engineered iPSC overexpressing nCoVN ( iPSC-nCoVN ) were generated by lentiviral expression systems.
Output: method
and binding was probed using 0.5 µg/ml of biotinylated HA proteins A/Perth/2009 H3N2 and A/California/7 / 2009 H1N1 followed by the addition of streptavidin-HRP ( 1:5000 ).
Output: method
attempts were made to determine whether levels of this cytokine were modified in sera of infected mice.
Output: finding
The mammalian reoviruses also display strain-specifi c differences in their modulation of the IFN response.
Output: background
Objectives : To synthesize new transitional metal complexes derived from 3-aryl-azo-4-hydroxy coumarin analogues and to evaluate their antimicrobial activities.
Output: purpose
and whether cognitive recovery was correlated with structural plasticity.
Output: purpose
regulate antiviral immune responses , determine viral clearance , and spread.
Output: background
Known human coronaviruses are believed to have originated in animals and made use of intermediate hosts for transmission to humans.
Output: background
leading to ~ 100,000 deaths globally each year and hundreds of millions of dollars in healthcare costs.
Output: background
We developed a simple agglutination test for the detection of porcine rotavirus in stools from pigs with diarrhea.
Output: purpose
although no clear guidelines exist for its use for this purpose.
Output: background
and has been implicated in psoriasis pathogenesis.
Output: background
ANDV and SNV , and then discussed the existing knowledge on vaccines and therapeutics against these diseases.
Output: purpose
Conclusion : The use of electronic vital records increased SARI-associated mortality estimates by 30 %.
Output: finding
we used a minor alloantigen-mismatched murine orthotopic single lung transplant model.
Output: method
In this study , we explored the possibility that NS1 suppresses RIG-I-mediated antiviral signaling by targeting TRIM25.
Output: purpose
and in vivo in experimentally infected neonatal C57BL/6 mice.
Output: method
In this report , we document the production of milligram quantities of homogeneous IFITM3 and key post-translationally modified variants by total chemical synthesis by using aketoacid-hydroxylamine ( KAHA ) ligation.
Output: purpose
We describe the occurrence of an outbreak among HCWs and attempt to characterize at-risk exposures to improve future infection control interventions.
Output: background
Live attenuated viruses have generally proven to be the most effective vaccines against viral infections.
Output: background
sample collection , and laboratory diagnosis were conducted to determine the cause of the outbreak.
Output: method
Conclusion : JNK1/2 and p38 MAPK signaling pathways are beneficial to EV71 infection and positively regulate secretions of inflammatory cytokines in iDCs.
Output: finding
visited local markets , where six of them consumed fruits.
Output: finding
a virus strain handled at two FMD laboratories located on a single site at Pirbright in Surrey.
Output: purpose
based on evidence about the stress associated with working in healthcare during the SARS outbreak.
Output: background
the Anyplex II RV16 and the xTAG respiratory virus panels.
Output: purpose
All the top 5 % ( n = 8 ) most reactive human samples tested by ELISA were HCoV-NL63 positive by immunofluorescence testing.
Output: finding
and alternative mechanisms should be considered.
Output: finding
Our understanding of how the microbiota impacts virus infection is largely limited to the bacterial component of the microbiota.
Output: background
viral culture ( VC ) and cytodiagnosis ( Tzanck smear ).
Output: method
probably involving increased formation of beta amyloid ( Aβ ) and of AD-like tau ( P-tau ) - changes found to occur in HSV1-infected cell cultures.
Output: background
while in the QX-like strains they contained 59 amino acids in length.
Output: finding
affinity , and off-rate of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis-associated antigen TB10 .4 and identified only three TB10 .4 peptides with considerable binding to HLA-A * 3001.
Output: method
we summarize the anticancer properties of NM in existing studies both in vitro and in vivo.
Output: purpose
followed by stable attachment of viral glycoproteins to cell surface receptors and fusion of the viral envelope to the plasma membrane or internal membranes ( 2 ).
Output: background
have highlighted the importance of infection control.
Output: background
Here , we describe fine mapping of its epitope by using several approaches.
Output: purpose
The results show that PostPFree provides a better estimate of herd-level BTM status for both BRSV and BCV than what can be achieved by relying solely on the previous test-result.
Output: finding
The average diameter of the silver colloids was approximately 10 nm.
Output: method
Virus infection is a complex biological phenomenon for which in vitro experiments provide a uniquely concise view where data is often obtained from a single population of cells , under controlled environmental conditions.
Output: background
medical costs , and mortality.
Output: method
This review summarizes the progress in new approaches in parasite diagnosis and discusses some of the merits and disadvantages of these tests.
Output: purpose
our objective was to identify tools available for studying immune function in spotted hyenas and use these tools to document the hyena antibody response to immunization.
Output: purpose
then assigned to eight treatments : four dietary treatments each evaluated across two group sizes.
Output: method
Our primary measures are the prevalence of resistance of specific bacteria to specific antibiotics.
Output: method
Recombination serves as a repair system as well as a means of changing the genetic structure of the virus.
Output: background
Background : Timely identification of respiratory virus infection is essential to mitigate inappropriate antibiotic use and to implement appropriate treatment and/or infection control procedures.
Output: background
this investigation uses a validated computational fluid dynamics ( CFD ) program to design a new under-aisle air distribution system for wide-body aircraft cabins.
Output: purpose
which is higher than the incidence rates reported so far from India.
Output: method
which are known to be cross-reactive in serologic assays ; as well as Mycoplasma pneumoniae.
Output: method
and its effect on cell viability was also studied.
Output: method
Subsequent analysis was performed using R statistical software version 3.0.2 ( 3 ).
Output: method
This review focuses on assembled peptide materials that actively participate in the biological processes important to cancer and transmittable diseases to exert an anticipated functional outcome.
Output: purpose
These data provide additional insight into the difference between the virulent and avirulent strains of NDV.
Output: finding
We describe a gap analysis done in the United Kingdom to assess IHR compliance of its overseas territories.
Output: method
animal and food exposures to MERS-CoV.
Output: method
This study sought to identify and quantify possible drivers for the MERS-CoV emergence and spillover to humans.
Output: purpose
Pigs were the most frequently studied livestock and the virus diversity found in samples from poultry was the highest.
Output: finding
Onset of symptoms for severe acute respiratory syndrome by number of shifts worked ( dashed lines represent 95 % confidence limits ).
Output: background
Here we have extended this approach to RNA by proposing potential functions for a rigorously conserved set of RNA tertiary structural interactions that occur within the SARS RNA genome itself.
Output: purpose
While , the sensitivity of antibodies assays overtook that of RNA test since day 8 after onset ( IgM , 50.0 % ; IgG , 87.5 % ).
Output: finding
reproduced the 180 ° ϕ-ψ dihedral rotation back to the open loop state.
Output: background
Objectives : The outbreak of Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome coronavirus ( MERS-CoV ) was one of the major events in South Korea in 2015.
Output: purpose
Results : AED fall-related attendance rate increased significantly with an annual percentage change of 4.45 ( 95 % CI 3.43 to 5.47 % , p < 0.0001 ).
Output: finding
Background : Coronavirus membrane ( M ) proteins are capable of interacting with nucleocapsid ( N ) and envelope ( E ) proteins.
Output: background
might be beneficial for the host during certain circumstances.
Output: finding
and our objective was to evaluate their status by analyzing polymorphisms and tissue expression.
Output: purpose
We identified two additional de novo heterozygous missense variations of OAS1 in two unrelated simplex individuals also manifesting infantile-onset PAP with hypogammaglobulinemia.
Output: finding
is a potential PET radiotracer for noninvasive imaging of apoptosis.
Output: background
2020 and explain in terms of power law exponent.
Output: method
and with this value found strong evidence to reject the null hypothesis that proximity was unimportant ( p < 0.001 ).
Output: finding
Serum samples were analysed for antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus.
Output: method
we estimated case and infection fatality ratios ( CFR , IFR ) for COVID-19 on the Diamond Princess ship as 2.3 % ( 0.75 % -5.3 % ) and 1.2 % ( 0.38-2.7 % ).
Output: finding
a process resembling similarityassisted copy-choice RNA recombination.
Output: background
We used experimental evolution and a murine infection model to show that RNA virus mutation rates may actually be too high and are not necessarily adaptive.
Output: method
The world was shocked in early 2003 when a pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome ( SARS ) was imminent.
Output: background
Biochemical analysis established that 68K '' '' was not modified by N-linked glycosylation.
Output: finding
despite CT being widely used , clinically.
Output: background
its dynamics and associated management practices.
Output: background
and the amounts of virus from the onset of diarrhea were measured.
Output: background
This disease has been responsible for significant economic losses in domestic and wild waterfowl as a result of mortality , and decreased egg production.
Output: background
Qualitative data were collected through interviews with 29 frontline health service providers from the selected district and key informants of the IDSR system implementation and administration at district and national levels.
Output: method
During 2010-2013 , we screened 119 samples for RVC by an RVC VP6 gene-specific RT-PCR.
Output: method
One month later , all calves were reweighed.
Output: method
the majority of scenarios with an R0 of 1.5 were controllable with under 50 % of contacts successfully traced.
Output: finding
Barriers and Mitigation tool , and Hexagon framework were used to review the existing monitoring system and develop a quality improvement data collection tool that considered the context of care delivery.
Output: method
Also we acquire the results of similarity of 10 stock indices in three areas ; it means the method can distinguish different areas ' markets from the phylogenetic trees.
Output: finding
In this review we discussed recent advances toward clarifying the cross-talking between autophagy and viral infection in mammalian cells.
Output: purpose
which is essential for the viability and pathogenic virulence of the plague-causing Yersinia sp. bacteria.
Output: background
We found increased Egr-1 protein expression in Tat-expressing human astrocytoma cells and mouse primary astrocytes.
Output: finding
Norwalk virus , and HIV-1.
Output: finding
A few perspective directions of thread-based microfluidics in its development are also discussed.
Output: method
In this study , we aimed to determine the effects of endogenous apelin on Ang II-induced pathology in the heart.
Output: purpose
A neural network was trained to recognise the cleavage sites in the genomes obtaining a sensitivity of 87.0 % and a specificity of 99.0 %.
Output: method
The viral infected cells exhibit a complicated cross-talking between autophagy and virus.
Output: background
had a neutralization index ( NI ) of greater than 4.4 and efficacy of 90 % when inoculated birds were challenged with a field IBV strain.
Output: finding
The usefulness of sequences that direct internal initiation was extended by using EMCV UTR s to express two and three ORFs from polycistronic mRNAs.
Output: finding
and greater body weight gain and structural growth during the preweaning period ; these effects did not persist in the postweaning period.
Output: finding
The purpose of this review is to examine the evidence that supports a role for peripheral infection in modulating the natural history of this disease.
Output: purpose
the demonstration that individual extracellular cysteines contribute to APN expression and function appears to be of particular importance.
Output: finding
House flies detected carrying C. anatis using the diagnostic 374 bp amplicons represented the first record of this protozoan in house flies.
Output: finding
were exposed to coughing patients when visiting a hospital in Medina.
Output: finding
airway inflammation , and FEV1 decline in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Output: background
This recommendation goes well beyond the provision of adequate training and counseling.
Output: finding
and availability of analytespecific reagents.
Output: purpose
and serially diluted antibodies were incubated for 1 hr at room temperature.
Output: method
as these myths can markedly in fl uence the interpretation and relevance of these results.
Output: purpose
using Cy5-and FAM-labeled TaqMan-probes based on sequences from the TGEV and PEDV nucleocapsid genes.
Output: background
and thereby contribute to the definition of common best practices.
Output: purpose
The activity of pentoxifylline against JEV was evaluated in vitro using cytopathic effect inhibition and plaque reduction assays.
Output: method
This is a preventative method in which individuals who are HIV negative ( but at high-risk of contracting the virus ) take the combination drug daily to reduce the chance of becoming infected with HIV.
Output: method
and this effect is cell and virus-specific.
Output: finding
of whom 0.5 % were febrile using this definition , was 1.5 %.
Output: finding
Our results provide evidence that patients occupying the same bay as patients with symptomatic norovirus infection are at an increased risk of becoming infected by these patients compared with patients elsewhere in the same ward.
Output: finding
Yet , its application is still in its infancy for monitoring and outbreak investigations of foods.
Output: background
It presents a blueprint for a new schoolwide global health program at Mount Sinai School of Medicine.
Output: purpose
It traces the development of global health programs in academic health centers in the United States.
Output: purpose
A subset of calves was systematically selected for fecal sampling at 3 time points between 7 and 27 d of age.
Output: method
This study aims to evaluate a composite objective structured clinical examination ( OSCE ) that assesses postgraduate year-1 ( PGY 1 ) residents ' acquisition of the six core competencies defined by the Accreditation council for Graduate Medical Education ( ACGME ).
Output: purpose
Finally , a Q-A ( Q 3379 - A 3380 ) dipeptide bond encoded by nucleotides 10,663 to 10,668 was demonstrated to be a cleavage site of the proteinase.
Output: finding
Currently , Abreva ( n-docosanol ) is the only over-the-counter topical antiviral for herpes labialis.
Output: background
In this paper , we presented the mortality and morbidity effects of PM 10 pollution based on statistical data and the epidemiological exposure-response function.
Output: purpose
translating this identification into a targeted therapeutic or treatment that is rapidly available has not yet materialized.
Output: background
This review summarizes the principal findings and the current status on the progress of the development of drugs that interfere with lipid metabolism and function as antivirals against ZIKV.
Output: purpose
and the proportion of cases which are asymptomatic.
Output: method
Epstein-Barr virus , cytomegalovirus , and human herpes simplex viruses.
Output: method
The recombinant DNA and nanotechnology did not change the basic scientifi c strategy : live and non-live vaccines.
Output: background
which is the ability to cooperate in coordinating key resources by going above and beyond for the community and minimizing operational confusion ( 16 ).
Output: background
complement-fixation test ( CFT ) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA ).
Output: background
We studied the course of demyelination and subsequent remyelination of nerve fibers after heat injury in the dorsal funiculus of the rat spinal cord.
Output: purpose
Consequently , treatment with heparin devoid of anticoagulant activity improved the survival of Nipah virus-infected hamsters.
Output: finding
cytokines , and chemokines in the lungs of infected mice were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and histopathological analysis.
Output: method
was amplified by reverse transcriptasepolymerase chain reaction ( RT-PCR ).
Output: method
It included forearm/elbow , shoulder/upper arm and wrist/hand with descending order of frequency.
Output: finding
72 , 96 , and 120 h post-exposure.
Output: method
Breastmilk samples were also collected and tested from patients after the first lactation.
Output: method
as well as highlighting the value of CF organisations and disease registries.
Output: purpose
and managers of the response team.
Output: method
cord blood , and neonatal throat swab samples.
Output: method
Repeated assessments of infection control and monitoring of corrective measures contribute to changing the course of an outbreak.
Output: finding
where ~ 14 percent of Env was associated with Gag during productive infection.
Output: finding
The study site was divided into four areas based on the major roads.
Output: method
Virus-like particles ( VLPs ) can be rapidly developed from influenza virus genetic sequences in order to supply vaccine after the onset of a pandemic.
Output: background
Purpose : The study aimed to examine query strategies that would provide an exhaustive search method to retrieve the most referenced articles within specific categories of critical care.
Output: purpose
and body weight were measured at birth and weaning.
Output: method
the performance of these materials as Solid Phase Extraction ( SPE ) sorbents was investigated.
Output: method
these new technologies paved the way for the parallel determination of multiple antibiotic resistance determinants or to perform microbial epidemiology and surveillance on a genetic level.
Output: background
Method : We fitted the reported serial interval ( mean and standard deviation ) with a gamma distribution and applied `` earlyR '' package in R to estimate the R0 in the early stage of COVID-19 outbreak.
Output: method
The purpose of this study was to determine prevalence of enteropathogens in puppies in breeding kennels and to identify risk factors of diarrhea.
Output: purpose
it has been shown that approximately 30 % of thoroughbred foals are infected with ECoV and thus it is considered widely prevalent.
Output: background
Korea was assessed as a model nation for SARS prevention by the World Health Organization ( WHO ).
Output: background
Undetectable nAb were assigned LOD/2.
Output: method
The study enrolled 111 patients ( aged 3-23 months , 79 % hospitalized , 76 % with RV infection ) with the first wheezing episode.
Output: method
which yields large numbers of quiescent macrophages after 14 days of culture.
Output: purpose
In the present study we investigated the entry of coronaviruses ( CoVs ).
Output: purpose
along with their biological evaluation against HIV and cancer cell proliferation , is reported.
Output: finding
and 2007-2013 ( during and after global financial crisis ) by using this method.
Output: method
( II ) To date we have no data regarding how many patients with conjunctivitis ( who did or did n't attended the eye emergency department ) developed COVID-19 in the following days.
Output: background
Mammalian orthoreoviruses ( reoviruses ) are neurotropic viruses that use both bloodborne and neural pathways to spread systemically within their hosts to cause disease.
Output: background
resolved both in its native state and in complex with a receptor analogue.
Output: method
This review provides an overview of our current understanding of the viral RNAdependent polymerase structure and the biochemistry and biophysics that is involved in replicating and transcribing the genetic material of RNA viruses.
Output: purpose
and virus isolation was performed on nasal swabs.
Output: method
The solution was double blinded and solutions were chosen and administered in a random order.
Output: method
A Poisson regression model was used to test differences between treatments in disease frequency through 35 d post-diarrhea diagnosis and the incidence risk of treatment and mortality risk 120 d post-diarrhea diagnosis ; the model controlled for calf age at enrollment , farm , and treatment.
Output: method
and EC 50 values were calculated using a non-linear regression of log ( inhibitor ) vs response in Graph Pad Prism.
Output: method
comorbidities , treatments , and clinical outcomes were all collected.
Output: method
and these data were related to demographic characteristics and upper respiratory health outcomes.
Output: method
including detection of influenza virus and 18 other respiratory viruses.
Output: method
Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis is the most common serious gastrointestinal disorder encountered in neonatal intensive care units.
Output: background
leading to better global understanding and management of the same.
Output: purpose
Excellent or satisfactory agreement was obtained for all viruses ( k N 0.6 ) except Parainfluenzavirus 4 ( k = 0.24 ) and influenza B ( k = 0.51 ).
Output: finding
Our model is initialized using the daily counts of active and confirmed COVID-19 cases across the US.
Output: method
This study aimed to understand the state of IDSR implementation and differences between guideline and practice for future disease surveillance system strengthening.
Output: purpose
Objectives : To evaluate the prevalence of HCoV-NL63 in hospitalized adult patients and to perform molecular characterization of Italian strains.
Output: purpose
CaKoV infection was detected in four diarrheic samples ( 19.0 % ) and five non-diarrheic samples ( 13.2 % ).
Output: method
points to a novel mechanism of antiviral action.
Output: finding
Background : Infectious bronchitis virus ( IBV ) is a Gammacoronavirus of the family Coronaviridae and is a causative agent of an economically important disease in poultry.
Output: background
ICU admission , 33 recovery and death of COVID-19.
Output: purpose
However , DAAs can be undermined by the emergence of drug resistant mutant viruses.
Output: background
at present , the interplay between autophagy and BVDV remains unclear.
Output: background
The same was true for the antipyretic model.
Output: finding
and 1 or more systemic antibiotics ordered.
Output: method
We aimed at generating a non-functional mAb directed against NAG-2 from patients ' memory B cells.
Output: purpose
S. aureus strains susceptible to methicillin were isolated from samples from the physician and from 5 other health care workers.
Output: finding
Furthermore , exposure to a common but still unidentified source can not be ruled out.
Output: finding
PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathway plays a vital role in regulating the infection course of many viruses.
Output: background
ORF1a and ORF1b , which encodes 16 non-structural proteins.
Output: background
and during this time , antibody engineering has dramatically evolved.
Output: background
and determining its effect on macrophage activation for in vitro elimination of HsV-1 infection.
Output: purpose
likely because of the implementation of lung-protective ventilation.
Output: finding
for example , Giardia lamblia infection and to identify long-term changes in the pattern of infections related to altered dietary habits and other social factors.
Output: background
No specifi c drug treatment exists for MERS and infection prevention and control measures are crucial to prevent spread in health-care facilities.
Output: background
including antiviral effects and cytotoxicity.
Output: background
The TB bacillus kills more people than any other infectious agent alone.
Output: background
year , and health care system.
Output: method
Proteins that are only temporarily rendered soluble by fusing them to MBP are readily identified at this stage because they will precipitate after the MBP tag is removed by 3C protease.
Output: method
As in other coronaviruses , nucleocapsid ( N ) is one of the most crucial structural components of the SARS-CoV.
Output: background
Our objective was to evaluate the level of passive protection against transmissible gastroenteritis ( TGE ) among 57 newborn piglets nursing from seven seropositive sows previously naturally infected with porcine respiratory coronavirus ( PRCV ).
Output: purpose
In 2006 during a major SARS outbreak in Hong Kong.
Output: background
neurohypophysis , subfornical organ , pineal gland and area postrema.
Output: background
and articles written by selected authorities.
Output: method
Recent advances in chemical protein synthesis and ligation methodology has yielded novel reagents for use in ubiquitylation research.
Output: background
The aim of this study was to evaluate some immunological patterns involved in natural and acquired resistance against MHV3 using the original model of genetically modified lines of mice selected for high ( H III ) and low ( L III ) antibody responsiveness.
Output: purpose
In addition , HBV transactivator protein HBx stabilized CRTC1 and promoted its activity on HBV transcription.
Output: finding
there is a dose response relationship between domestic exposure and sensitization.
Output: background
bone marrow stromal cells , fibroblasts and occasional polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
Output: finding
the historical information of clinic hospitalization caused by influenza infection between years 2009 and 2016 were extracted and assembled from public records of Tokyo and Hokkaido , Japan.
Output: method
Therefore , the study considers analysis method issues and raises questions about the value of structured data and merits of the recognition of if-then conditions by research methods such as long interviews.
Output: finding
This is the first time that recombination events have been directly identified in fungal partitiviruses and in G. abietina in particular.
Output: finding
if effective when worn under routine circumstances.
Output: background
on the botany , phytochemistry and pharmacology of Cassiae semen.
Output: purpose
which differ at different levels of the global health architecture.
Output: purpose
Next , the investigation validated the model using two sets of experimental data from a cabin mockup and an actual airplane.
Output: method
has resulted in potent anti-rotavirus activity.
Output: finding
Then , 0.5 μL of the resulted PCR amplicon was further subjected to the second round PCR following the abovementioned parameters.
Output: method
Further clarifying the mechanism by which autophagy regulates the immune system is essential for elucidating the precise mechanisms of various diseases and for developing new treatment methods.
Output: purpose
replication initiation sites , and 5 0 - and 3 0 - untranslated region ( UTR ) of mRNA.
Output: background
All mice were vaccinated i.m at day 28 and boosted at day 56 with 10-valent inactivated HRV that included types 16 and 76 ( 10-valent composition listed in Supplementary Table 2 ).
Output: method
Despite numerous unprotected exposures , there was no serologic evidence of healthcare-related SARS-CoV transmission.
Output: finding
HCW with onset of illness in the same 10-day period were contacted and asked whether they have been diagnosed with pneumonia.
Output: method
These findings provide evidence for a novel mechanism by which PPARA attenuates hepatic inflammasome activation in response to metabolic stress through lncRNA Gm15441 induction.
Output: finding
The most active compounds in the series exhibit submicromolar activity against different viral strains of HCMV and varicella zoster virus ( VZV ) replication in HEL cell cultures.
Output: finding
Long-term changes in symptoms and changes in vital signs were correlated back to and compared with the severity of the initial H1N1 influenza infection.
Output: method
V55P displayed a substantial reduction ( ف 60-80 % ) in the initial rate of lipid mixing.
Output: finding
Pleural effusion , when observed , was typically minimal.
Output: finding
at least in part , studied separately during infection with positive-stranded RNA virus.
Output: finding
Written RPPs for each hospital were evaluated.
Output: method
while it fell below 5 % in death cases.
Output: finding
We constructed speci ¢ c siRNAs targeting the S gene in SARS-CoV.
Output: method
resources , and technical equipment among European isolation facilities.
Output: purpose
a city located in the foothills of the Himalayas.
Output: purpose
allowing estimation of the HIV incidence and the time-dependent rate of diagnosis.
Output: method
Here , we define mutations in influenza A subtype H5N1 ( avian ) HA that alter its specificity for SA either by decreasing α2 ,3 or increasing α2,6-SA recognition.
Output: purpose
capturing thus the early exponential growth in a rather homogeneous way.
Output: method
The paper mainly applies the information categorization method to analyze the financial time series.
Output: method
Then MDBK , GFP-LC3-MDBK and shBCN1-MDBK cells were infected with CP or NCP BVDV strains.
Output: method
A key strategy in the program is to test for presence of antibodies and protect testnegative herds from infection.
Output: background
Furthermore , heparin was able to inhibit the interaction of the viruses with the heparan sulfate and to block cell-mediated trans-infection of henipaviruses.
Output: finding
and suggests possible solutions to some of the main bottlenecks to routine implementation.
Output: purpose
Data were gathered during 149 outbreaks of norovirus in hospital wards from five hospitals in two major cities in England serving a population of 2 million.
Output: method
or ( c ) using RNA secondary structural motifs to antagonize IFIT1 binding.
Output: finding
with a focus on the identified 9,19-cyclolanostane triterpenoid glycosides.
Output: purpose
Swabs were tested by polymerase chain reaction for 17 respiratory viruses and seven respiratory bacteria.
Output: method
In this review , we provide a detailed discussion of the currently developed biosensors based on the aforementioned unique optical features of GNPs.
Output: purpose
likely because N63Y mutant CVB3 disseminates more efficiently to the liver.
Output: finding
As such , ARDS represents a major public health problem.
Output: background
and township and village enterprises ( TVEs ).
Output: method
Here , we further characterize these and other fragments in an attempt to identify possible dimerization domains and their role for membrane fusion.
Output: purpose
Health care payers increasingly expect that the results of evidence-based economic evaluations will guide practitioners in their choice of cost-effective interventions.
Output: background
Here we explore the unusual relationship of this medically important family of viruses with a degradative mechanism of innate immunity.
Output: purpose
Vaccination continues to have a major impact on the health of humans and animals.
Output: background
with a focus on those diseases for which NA testing is now considered the standard of care and highlights the unique challenges and opportunities that these tests present for clinical laboratories.
Output: purpose
During a normal weekday , an individual may visit several locations in different location groups with a fixed order.
Output: method
These parameters correlated with conventional assessment of clinical disease in a vaccine eficacy study.
Output: background
The affinity of the parental mAb and the cloned Fab to the MalE-E ( 296-400 ) fusion protein were shown to be of the same magnitude , i.e. nanomolar.
Output: finding
The results presented here show that cholesterol-rich lipid rafts are important for the CyHV-3 replication cycle especially during entry and egress.
Output: finding
weaknesses , opportunities and threats for TCM.
Output: purpose
but higher procalcitonin strongly correlated with increased probability of bacterial pathogens , particularly typical bacteria.
Output: finding
We also looked at the impact of medication history on virus transmission.
Output: purpose
Part of this study is targeted at evaluating the effectiveness of public health control measures implemented during the SARS epidemic.
Output: method
In addition , there is considerable interest in the use of G-quadruplexes for biomaterials , biosensors , and biocatalysts.
Output: background
Viruses with mutations in nsp5 and nsp16 produced small DMVs but also replicated normally.
Output: method
with special reference to the ( i ) genome structure ; ( ii ) clinical features ; ( iii ) diagnosis of infection ; and ( iv ) treatment and vaccine development.
Output: purpose
A dose of 4 mg/kg q24 h for four days was found to be the optimal treatment protocol : 2 mg/kg cleared only 80 % of cats.
Output: finding
Method A computer-assisted phone survey was conducted among 3,436 respondents.
Output: method
indicating that additional roles in viral replication might be played by this protein.
Output: finding
Each MS11 Opa protein recognizes a distinct spectrum of CD66 receptors.
Output: background
In bivariate analysis , both optimism and pessimism were related to unplanned c-section.
Output: method
PCR and mycologic analysis of pulmonary samples in both neutropenic and nonneutropenic patients.
Output: method
GPAP is also caused by mutations in genes whose products are implicated in surfactant catabolism in alveolar macrophages ( AMs ).
Output: background
The present study sought to identify the structural proteins that possess the immune evasion properties in immortalized porcine alveolar macrophages ( PAM ).
Output: purpose
The use of small animal models for the study of infectious disease is critical for understanding disease progression and for developing prophylactic and therapeutic treatment options.
Output: background
and then encapsulating it using microemulsion.
Output: purpose
butchering and consuming the species offered.
Output: purpose
pulmonary pharmacokinetic properties and safety.
Output: purpose
and he was sent home with anti-diarrheal medications.
Output: background
In the present study , the cellular protein response to DTMUV infection in duck ovarian follicles was analyzed using nanoflow high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry.
Output: purpose
We also note that noise blurs the line between oscillatory and non-oscillatory behavior.
Output: finding
Consistent risk factors are birth weight and prematurity.
Output: background
Additionally , the TW I attenuated vaccine strain had no reversion to virulence after five back passages in chicks.
Output: finding
this effort is not likely to be wasted because it will also support the health of both patients and staff in normal times.
Output: finding
Our goal here is to reiterate the original message and highlight future directions.
Output: purpose
We measure the accuracy of the classification algorithms based on the level of human curation necessary to correct misclassifications , and examine geographic coverage.
Output: method
Here we present the 4.0 Å resolution structure of the trimeric HKU1 S protein determined using singleparticle cryo-electron microscopy.
Output: purpose
a clear understanding of dengue pathogenesis remains elusive.
Output: background
was applied to 27 healthy volunteers for 24 h and some volunteers were vaccinated again by TCI formulation.
Output: method
In addition , 120 rectal swabs were collected from 120 healthy foals in 2012.
Output: method
resulting in attenuation of the type I interferon IFN-b.
Output: background
Results : In ELISA , the levels of anti-cercarial IgM peaked on day 15 pi.
Output: finding
solubility , membrane insertion kinetics , and protease sensitivity.
Output: purpose
The transformations include careful selection of conditions for aziridine deprotection and cyano group partial hydrolysis.
Output: finding
we demonstrate that viral expansions into historically uninfected zones have doubled the recent burden of VBR.
Output: purpose
in-hospital mortality , and 1-year mortality of ARDS in Taiwan.
Output: purpose
Real-time quantitative RT-PCR analysis of abraded tracheal epithelium revealed a higher expression of cav-2 than of cav-1.
Output: method
suggesting that this region is inherently flexible and may be important for RSV F function.
Output: finding
are predominantly the hosts of zoonotic emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases ( EIDs ).
Output: purpose
and ( 4 ) measure all appropriate AECB-associated costs , both direct and indirect.
Output: finding