niryuu/sni-each-converted huggingface dataset:
we hope that this review helps in the understanding and eradication of the threatening disease.
Output: purpose
We sampled residents using a cross-sectional intercept design during the WHO Phase 6.
Output: method
These drugs interrupt HSV genome replication by different mechanisms of action.
Output: background
either by direct infection or by deposition of immune complexes.
Output: background
Here we show that IFITM proteins restricted infection mediated by the entry glycoproteins ( GP 1,2 ) of Marburg and Ebola filoviruses ( MARV , EBOV ).
Output: purpose
followed by development with TMB solution ( KPL ).
Output: method
In this observational study , we systematically applied currently approved diagnostic techniques in patients hospitalized for CAP in order to determine the proportion in which an etiological agent could be identified.
Output: purpose
cost , time , and pointof-care applications.
Output: purpose
This work established a good foundation for further studies on the production of anti-TGEV vaccines.
Output: finding
It also was more sensitive at detecting the summer wave of the 2009 influenza pandemic.
Output: finding
Here , we investigated the effects of CTSL on SIgA responses and invariant chain ( Ii ) degradations in the cocultured swine dendritic cells ( DCs ) and B cells system in vitro.
Output: purpose
the proportion of influenza-infected travellers who were febrile was low and ITIS were not much better than chance at identifying travellers likely to be influenza-infected.
Output: finding
This research examines whether maternal optimism/pessimism is associated with unplanned Cesarean section deliveries in China.
Output: purpose
These studies have significantly furthered our understanding of the principles that underlie structural organization in viruses.
Output: background
and the conversion of LC3-I ( cytosolic ) to LC3-II ( membrane-bound ) forms.
Output: finding
Primary care doctors were randomized to mask wearing and non mask wearing clinical consultations in public primary care clinics in Hong Kong.
Output: method
and DEAE Toyopearl ( Tosoh Bioscience ).
Output: method
A replicon-based DNA vaccine encoding VP2 gene of canine parvovirus ( CPV ) was developed by cloning CPV-VP2 gene into a replicon-based DNA vaccine vector ( pAlpha ).
Output: method
Objectives : To compare the efficacy and safety of inhaled IFN-b with placebo administered to people with asthma after onset of cold symptoms to prevent or attenuate asthma symptoms caused by respiratory viruses.
Output: purpose
Encephalomyocarditis virus , a programmed ؊ 1 ribosomal frameshift ( ؊ 1 PRF ) occurs at a conserved G _ GUU _ UUU sequence within the 2B-encoding region of the polyprotein open reading frame ( ORF ).
Output: background
because of short half-life , drug resistance and cross-reactivity with the preexisting antibodies in HIV-infected patients.
Output: background
SFTPC , ABCA3 , CSF2RA , CSF2RB , and GATA2.
Output: method
All travellers had been in contact with Case 1 while he was sick , with initially non-respiratory complaints.
Output: finding
63 male and 30 female.
Output: method
Additional flights served new African air passenger markets and secondary airports in established markets.
Output: background
We sequenced SARS-CoV-2 from 340 individuals.
Output: method
it is necessary to understand the transmission dynamics of RSV.
Output: purpose
we sequenced the S gene of several nondemyelinating recombinant viruses.
Output: method
Vesicle-mediated transport is a process carried out by virtually every cell and is required for the proper targeting and secretion of proteins.
Output: background
Purpose : The aim of the study was to identify characteristic clinical features and outcomes of critically ill patients with confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome ( SARS ).
Output: purpose
clinicians must be aware of drug toxicities and drug interactions.
Output: background
Recent studies have demonstrated that peptides derived from the two heptad repeat regions ( HR1 and HR2 ) of paramyxovirus fusion proteins could be used as inhibitors of virus fusion.
Output: background
These results show that the S cytoplasmic domain is palmitoylated and that palmitoylation of the membrane proximal cysteine clusters I and II may be important for S-mediated cell fusion.
Output: finding
A positive correlation was observed between the blood lactic acid level and the APACHE II scores ( r = 0.656 , P < 0.05 ).
Output: finding
African strains of the virus were not re-sampled in Saudi Arabia despite sampling approximately 1 year after importation from Africa.
Output: finding
indicating that EV71 3AB is a nucleic acid chaperone protein.
Output: purpose
homology modeling , and biochemical assays to search for novel GTase inhibitors.
Output: method
Potential adverse effects on human and animal health in the livestock sector must also be taken into account.
Output: finding
Our research objective was to develop a robust and rapid multiplex TaqMan real-time PCR ( qPCR ) to detect C. michiganensis in general and C. michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis with enhanced reliability and accuracy by adding non-complementary AT sequences to the 5 ' end of the forward and reverse primers.
Output: purpose
For the affinity optimization , full-length IgG constructs containing the different variants created by CDR based parsimonious mutagenesis were expressed transiently in 293 T cells and supernatants were screened by ELISA to select clones that resulted in increased binding activity to H3 while maintaining or increasing the binding activity to H1 HA proteins.
Output: method
This study therefore evaluated the operational efficiency of 21 AsiaePacific airports between 2002 and 2011.
Output: purpose
Finally , challenges and issues facing the development of diagnostic and prognostic biochips are discussed in detail.
Output: purpose
Ad12 induces neuro-ectodermal tumors in newborn hamsters ( Mesocricetus auratus ).
Output: background
was performed on DNA fragments obtained by digestion with the restriction enzyme SmaI by use of a CHEF-MAPPER apparatus.
Output: finding
This paper presents the results of investigations whose aim was to describe the influence of the pressure difference level on the ability of contaminants migration between neighbouring rooms in dynamic conditions associated with door swing.
Output: purpose
demonstrating its promising utility in monitoring and assessing the risk of potential laboratory contamination.
Output: finding
We report a laboratory-confirmed case of severe acute respiratory syndrome ( SARS ) in a pregnant woman.
Output: purpose
Virus transmission is faecal-oral.
Output: background
starting at one side , and progressing to the other.
Output: finding
serology , urine antigen tests , and molecular detection.
Output: method
Objectives : To assess the feasibility and patient acceptability of self-collected foam nasal swabs for detection of respiratory viruses in SOT recipients and to define the virologic and clinical course.
Output: purpose
Here we will discuss possible mechanisms for protein sorting in the context of cisternal maturation and propose that a common mechanism is sufficient to explain both transport of cargo and sorting of resident proteins.
Output: purpose
We expressed human SCARB2 gene in NIH3T3 cells ( 3T3-SCARB2 ) to study the mechanisms of EV71 entry and infection.
Output: method
This study aimed to improve upon our current understanding of the spreading mechanisms of H7N9 and H5N1 by generating spatial risk profiles for each of the two virus subtypes across mainland China.
Output: purpose
apparently immunocompetent dog who initially presented for antibiotic resistant pneumonia.
Output: purpose
One segment can recombine with another in regions that share little sequence similarity.
Output: background
regardless of the clinical stage and form of the illness.
Output: finding
research , and clinical level assays using wild-type Makona-C05 or recombinant virus/antigens from different Ebola virus variants.
Output: background
In this study , epigallocatechin gallate ( EGCG ) and EGCG glucoside ( EGCG-G1 ) were identified as inhibitors of HMA by an in vitro assay with IC 50 of 20 ± 1.0 and 31.5 ± 1.0 µM , respectively.
Output: finding
The monthly added cost was $ 16,400 for included infection control items.
Output: finding
offers new opportunities for future bench-to-bedside research.
Output: background
envelope ( E ) , membrane ( M ) and nucleocapsid ( N ).
Output: background
Study Design-Forty-four nasopharyngeal washes collected during the 2004-05 winter season from pediatric patients with respiratory illnesses that tested negative for 7 common respiratory pathogens by culture and direct immunofluorescence assays were analyzed by MassTag-PCR.
Output: method
there were 149 low-standard HCW disposal facilities in operation in China , distributed throughout different areas.
Output: background
Despite intensive ongoing research , key aspects of the spatial-temporal evolution of the 2001 foot and mouth disease ( FMD ) epidemic in Great Britain ( GB ) remain unexplained.
Output: background
† Scope A brief review of M1 metalloproteases in plants and animals and their roles in the cell cycle is presented.
Output: purpose
Consensus from these three programs suggested HPRT1 and HMBS could be used as the two most stable reference genes in the present study.
Output: finding
and young and adult alpacas.
Output: purpose
it should be studied in how far the binding pose and affinity are affected by this chemical modification.
Output: finding
at the 3 end of the genomic RNA of coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus was required for host protein binding and viral RNA synthesis.
Output: background
For over 30 years , HIV/AIDS has wreaked havoc in the world.
Output: background
early in the MERS outbreak.
Output: purpose
In sum , members of the family Reoviridae have evolved a variety of mechanisms to subvert the host 's innate protective response.
Output: finding
resulting in five infected and four susceptible calves per group.
Output: method
In this article , we present a commentary on how the metagenomics incorporated with microarray and new sequencing techniques are helping microbial detection and characterization.
Output: purpose
with direct contact between animal groups for 24 h as challenge procedure.
Output: method
Tissues obtained post-mortem from cattle persistently infected with foot-and-mouth disease virus ( FMDV ) were analyzed to characterize the tissue-specific localization of FMDV and partial transcriptome profiles for selected immunoregulatory cytokines.
Output: method
and was greatly affected by purchase of livestock.
Output: finding
International Journal for Parasitology 18 : 371-377.
Output: background
The copy numbers for transcripts of TGEV and PEDV were quantified using this assay over a range from 9 × 10 7 to 9 × 10 1 copies and 7 × 10 7 to 7 × 10 1 copies , respectively.
Output: background
RatPyV2 was initially detected in the parotid salivary gland of a colony member.
Output: background
In this study , a newly developed live attenuated IB-VAR2 vaccine representing the GI-23 Middle East IBV lineage was evaluated in day-old commercial broilers in an IBV-endemic area.
Output: purpose
droplet , or airborne transmission.
Output: background
Seasonal hyperacute panuveitis ( SHAPU ) is a potentially blinding ocular disease occurring in Nepal that principally affects young children.
Output: background
and serum procalcitonin were obtained in nearly every case.
Output: method
The primary and secondary outcomes were the occurrence of symptomatic clinical URTI and laboratory confirmed URTI respectively.
Output: method
restored transport and cleavage of GP-C and maturation of virions.
Output: finding
which represents the highest resolution and first non-human IL-2 structure.
Output: background
Subjects were excluded if there were any missing data that prevent the final analysis.
Output: method
The ethical and legal issues surrounding control of a pandemic influenza and the prospect of telemedicine as a form of social distancing are also discussed.
Output: purpose
Further rapid progress can therefore be prospected for the next decade.
Output: finding
with particle sizes less than 20 nm by characterization of environmental scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope.
Output: method
The candidate with the maximum RRI and proper occurring frequency is potentially the best threshold.
Output: method
response efficacy , and selfefficacy for severe acute respiratory syndrome ( SARS ) and eight other diseases in five European and three Asian countries.
Output: purpose
including those of the central nervous system ( CNS ).
Output: background
to the compare efficacy of antiviral prophylaxis to that of the seasonal influenza vaccine and to identify exposures that increase risk of acute respiratory illnesses ( ARI ) in healthy adults.
Output: purpose
a family of positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses.
Output: background
11 days after symptom onset.
Output: background
Here , we weigh the economic costs and benefits associated with implementing widespread quarantine in Toronto during the SARS outbreaks of 2003.
Output: purpose
Increased expression of IP-10 and I-TAC in the peripheral blood of ten patients at the early onset of fever was confirmed by ELISA.
Output: finding
Methods : The reporting incidence ( RI ) and mortality data on HIV and AIDS in China covering 31 provinces from 2004 to 2014 were collected from the Chinese Public Health Science Data Center.
Output: method
All patients had telephoned NHS Direct between 11 and 14 May with concerns about swine flu and had been assessed as being unlikely to have the illness.
Output: method
LYM % in moderate type of patients with COVID-19 remained higher than 20 % 10-12 days after symptom onset.
Output: finding
and is significantly larger than 1.
Output: finding
resulting in stabilization of IκB and concomitant failure of virus to activate NF-κB for induction of IFN.
Output: finding
Hematological and coagulation profiles were studied in crossbred dogs experimentally infected with Angiostrongylus vasorum.
Output: method
The other single mutants displayed efficient fusion with the same pH dependence as wt-HA.
Output: finding
Four medical and meteorological databases ( Medline , Embase , GeoRef , PubMed ) and a global electronic reporting system ( ProMED ) were searched , from 1910 to 2010.
Output: method
MVTT-S , however , was capable of inducing consistently 20-to-100-fold higher levels of Nabs than MVA-S when inoculated via either intranasal or intraoral routes.
Output: finding
the synthesis of carbasugar analogues of 2-deoxyribose-1phosphate was envisioned.
Output: background
Furthermore , we discuss strategies for drug development and the limitations of the approaches with respect to HEV.
Output: purpose
The study provides valuable information with regard to producing scientifically based biosecurity advices.
Output: finding
medical expenses and patient satisfaction.
Output: purpose
The delay between symptom onset and isolation played the largest role in determining whether an outbreak was controllable for lower values of R0.
Output: finding
The study design was consistent with the NTP 13-week toxicity studies.
Output: method
and detected by flow cytometry.
Output: method
In vivo experiments were set up where BALB/c mice were exposed to sublethal doses of Cd or Hg salts for 3 or 5 weeks.
Output: method
In this study , we sought to use this signal transduction conduit against them by inhibiting multiple kinases that influence translation.
Output: purpose
clinical outcomes , and treatment safety.
Output: purpose
purification and crystallization of nsp10 in complex with nsp16 are reported.
Output: purpose
and fecal samples within 6 h after fieldcollected samples reached the laboratory.
Output: finding
we noticed that some fecal viruses generated plaques > 100 times as large as inoculum viruses.
Output: finding
The evidence and guideline recommendations consistently support a clinical diagnosis with the limited role for diagnostic testing for children presenting with the typical clinical syndrome of viral upper respiratory infection progressing to the lower respiratory tract.
Output: background
including Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ( SARS ) and Middle East 50 Respiratory Syndrome ( MERS ) 7.
Output: background
an d in vivo functions o f the defense agent s in human milk.
Output: purpose
Results : A total of 48 people participated in this study.
Output: finding
and those that had pasty or firm feces and normal physical examination were designated as controls.
Output: method
This study tested whether well-known chemicals used as RNA virus treatment agents had inhibitory effects on FMD viruses ( FMDVs ) and demonstrated that ribavirin showed antiviral effects against FMDV in vitro/in vivo.
Output: method
We also provide an online app so that results can be updated as new information becomes available.
Output: finding
In this study , we raised monoclonal antibodies ( mAbs ) against the nucleocapsid ( N ) protein of SARS-CoV and mapped epitopes by using different truncated N protein fragments.
Output: purpose
Data Synthesis : Out of 1675 non-duplicate studies identified , 57 were included.
Output: method
Results of studies from Finland and Germany furthermore showed that biological characteristics of the raccoon dog make this carnivore an ideal host and vector for a variety of pathogens.
Output: finding
a characteristic of HIV-1 infection of the central nervous system ( CNS ).
Output: background
Since then , researchers have conducted numerous in vitro and in vivo studies that consistently confirmed the antidiabetic activity of banaba.
Output: background
Both community-acquired and hospital-acquired cases have been reported with little human-to-human transmission reported in the community.
Output: background
ELISA would seem most applicable for screening other lower vertebrates for anti-parasite antibodies especially in areas of human disease prevalence.
Output: finding
Methods : Two experimental mouse models that mice hydrodynamic injected HBV DNA or infected with recombinant AAV/HBV were used.
Output: method
Non-encapsidated , unusual viral RNA harboring the 5 - terminal region of the viral genome as well as RIG-I and typical SG markers accumulated in these granules.
Output: finding
Furthermore , specifi c anti-microbial antibodies can be produced into colostrum by immunizing cows with vaccines made of pathogenic microorganisms.
Output: background
the lung volume recovery was significantly reduced in KO mice compared to WT.
Output: finding
In-hospital mortality decreased from 59.7 % in 1997 to 47.5 % in 2011 ( P < 0.001 ).
Output: finding
Blood was collected at 21 dpv for serology.
Output: method
We aimed to determine the proportion of subjects with pathologic chest radio graphic findings and the clinical predictors associated with pathologic chest radiographic findings in young children admitted with the typical presentation of bronchiolitis.
Output: purpose
Exploring the molecular mechanisms that prevent inflammation during caloric restriction may yield promising new therapeutic targets.
Output: background
indicating that the C-terminal domain of GP4 functions as a GPI anchor.
Output: method
thereby creating a more humane food production industry.
Output: purpose
A new scorpion venom peptide derivative Kn2-7 was identified as the most potent anti-HIV-1 peptide by screening assays with an EC 50 value of 2.76 mg/ml ( 1.65 mM ) and showed low cytotoxicity to host cells with a selective index ( SI ) of 13.93.
Output: finding
and 1.7 million die from this curable disease.
Output: background
Background : Equine coronavirus ( ECoV ) is considered to be a diarrheic pathogen in foals.
Output: background
Prior to EMS calls , 2 surfaces were seeded with FX174.
Output: method
The worldwide spread of the third pandemic began when the plague reached Hong Kong and Canton in the year 1894.
Output: background
It remains to be shown how such a restricted infection leads to demyelination.
Output: background
Results : Some surveillance systemsespecially ad hoc systems developed in response to the pandemic flu outbreakare more correlated with the information environment than others.
Output: finding
an antiviral drug exhibiting roughly similar polymorph-dependent crystallization kinetics in melts to that of salmeterol xinafoate.
Output: purpose
Virus pseudotyped with Nipah virus glycoproteins bound heparan sulfate and heparin but no other glycosaminoglycans in a surface plasmon resonance assay.
Output: finding
but also other iridoviruses infecting ectotherms.
Output: purpose
Here we will address our current understanding of the role of viruses as potential environmental triggers for MS. Virus infections can act peripherally ( outside the CNS ) or within the CNS.
Output: purpose
In the latter , mounting evidence indicates their key biological activity.
Output: background
phagocytic and bactericidal activity , and kinetics of peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( PBMC ) and splenocytes.
Output: purpose
The main objectives of this study were to evaluate effects of a prebiotic supplement containing fermentation products of lactic acid bacteria on the mucosal immune system by measuring fecal and salivary IgA and to evaluate calf health and growth performance.
Output: purpose
They infect humans as well as numerous mammalian species.
Output: background
The adjusted median G6PD value of males in the study population was used to define various cut-off points according to the WHO classification guidelines.
Output: method
we here present a comprehensive analysis of putative G-quadruplexes in the genome of all known viruses that can infect humans.
Output: purpose
two species previously described from Australian bats.
Output: method
and 4 ) placebo and no gargling.
Output: method
All records were screened against the protocol eligibility criteria , using a 3-stage process.
Output: method
peripheral blood sample was taken for testing the VBG parameters and the anion gap ( AG ) was calculated.
Output: method
' and the goal of achieving real time research problem solving capacity in disaster crisis situations.
Output: finding
and circovirus ( 1-5 ).
Output: method
List all legislative and administrative documents that address the legal aspects of the unlawful use of biological agents.
Output: purpose
In five multicat households , 29 cats naturally infected with FCoV and actively shedding virus in the faeces were given Mutian X pills.
Output: method
The primary focus of this chapter is the application of methods based on statistical mechanics to predict RNA 3D structures and folding energy landscapes and to gain quantitative understanding of RNA functions.
Output: purpose
The aim of this study was to investigate the requirement of cholesterol-rich lipid rafts in CyHV-3 entry and replication in carp cells.
Output: purpose
The future daily incidence and probable outbreak size is largely dependent on the change of R0.
Output: finding
In April 2012 , the Jordan Ministry of Health investigated an outbreak of lower respiratory illnesses at a hospital in Jordan ; 2 fatal cases were retrospectively confirmed by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ( rRT-PCR ) to be the first detected cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome ( MERS-CoV ).
Output: background
and AMI ( n = 6 ).
Output: finding
Canine distemper virus ( CDV ) is the cause of a severe and highly contagious disease in dogs.
Output: background
gp41 plays a significant role in the membrane fusion and virus entry of HIV-1 1,2.
Output: finding
low-volume and easy-to-use pointof-care ( POC ) diagnostic devices that can be adapted or commercialized for real world applications.
Output: finding
• Study the effect of the location of initial infection node on epidemic spreading.
Output: purpose
We used unbiased shotgun sequencing to discover a novel virus in the order Nidovirales that was present in cases but not controls.
Output: method
positive-sense RNA betacoronavirus ( MERS-CoV ).
Output: background
Additionally , a cluster survey of households in the region allows us to estimate the proportion of children with diarrhea who consulted at a health structure.
Output: method
and is , being applied to drive therapeutic strategies to combat overactivation of apoptosis in degenerative disease , and underactivation in neoplasia.
Output: method
Fifty-two infants < 1 year old treated in the emergency department at University Hospital of Padova for acute bronchiolitis were enrolled ( 77 % tested positive for respiratory syncytial virus ( RSV ) ).
Output: method
These results provide examples of how NMR spectroscopy can be used to screen compounds for fast evaluation of enzyme-inhibitor interactions in order to facilitate lead compound identification and subsequent structural studies.
Output: finding
This article provides clinically relevant information that may aid the clinician in the accurate and prompt recognition of these challenging diseases.
Output: purpose
This study demonstrates that Tc-bovines can produce pathogen-specific human Ig to prevent and/or treat patients when an emerging infectious disease either threatens to or becomes an epidemic.
Output: finding
respectively , were diagnosed with severe diarrhea ( fecal score = 3 ).
Output: finding
but primary in enforcement of existing rules and stimulating responsible pet-ownership.
Output: finding
especially for the throat swabs group at the later stage of illness.
Output: finding
We hypothesized that while asymptomatic carriage would not increase the risk of chronic lung allograft dysfunction ( CLAD ) and graft loss , severe infection would.
Output: purpose
forming the tip of a β-barrel , to recognize pAPN.
Output: finding
Animals were classified into two groups depending on their initial BCoV IgG1 Ab titers.
Output: method
Linked to the reaction , an open/close motion of the β5-α7 loop is observed.
Output: finding
To confirm the result , we discovered that theaflavin showed FullFitness score of -991.21 kcal/mol and estimated ΔG of -8.53 kcal/mol for the most favorable interaction with contact area of SARS-CoV-2 RBD by SwissDock service.
Output: finding
particularly in the very young and very old.
Output: background
Here we set out to characterize the CmpA protein and determine its contribution to intracellular survival of L. pneumophila.
Output: purpose
Calves were weaned off milk replacer at approximately 6 wk of age.
Output: method
partially unfolded membrane proteins as well.
Output: finding
Thin-section electron microscope shows increased lysosome-like granule and mitochondria in PBMC of patients.
Output: finding
as well as the requirements deriving from the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants and the WHO recommendations.
Output: purpose
or direct selection on the physicochemical cost of high fidelity.
Output: background
underscoring the need for an integrative framework for studying transmission heterogeneity.
Output: background
These results further clarify the pathogenic mechanisms of enteroviruses and provide a potential strategy for the treatment and prevention of EV-D68-related disease.
Output: finding
These examples indicate that zoonotic risks in the livestock industry should be carefully managed and adapted to livestock intensification.
Output: background
1,966 were antisense , and 249 were intragenic lncRNAs.
Output: finding
Members of the public were approached in shopping and pedestrian malls to undertake the survey during September and October 2009.
Output: method
Plant molecular pharming has emerged as a reliable platform for recombinant protein expression providing a safe and low-cost alternative to bacterial and mammalian cellsbased systems.
Output: background
and the HSV1-APOE-ε4 association in AD.
Output: background
but it is not clear how this benefits the virus or the host.
Output: background
The quantifiable proteome was annotated using bioinformatics.
Output: method
with a specific focus on how they relate to infectious disease.
Output: purpose
and then the liver preparations from both infected and non-infected animals were subjected to two-dimensional gel electrophoresis.
Output: method
Systemic solicited events were similar between placebo and VLP vaccinated groups with no vaccine-related serious adverse events.
Output: finding
and PsycINFO , searched up to 23 March 2020.
Output: method
whereas Orthoquin-mediated inhibition of the enveloped vesicular stomatitis virus ( VSV ) was light-independent.
Output: finding
we hope to identify biological surface-interactions between these ultra-small particles and the microbes.
Output: purpose
an outbreak started near the end of 2019 in Wuhan , China.
Output: background
Methods : For countries with no sustained SARS-CoV-2 transmission and with no shared border with affected regions we simulated arriving infected air travellers.
Output: method
responsible for acute respiratory syndrome outbreaks.
Output: background
we developed 68 a fluorescence resonance energy transfer ( FRET ) assay.
Output: method
destinations , husbandry and costs associated with the care of these animals.
Output: purpose
Analysis of the importance of 23 safety and security measures show a six factor pattern in thinking about measures.
Output: finding
both ligands of the CXCR3 receptor.
Output: method
Pooled probability of COVID-19-related death was 0.02 ( 95 % 45 CI : 0.02 , 0.03 ).
Output: finding
In this study , we investigated the roles and regulation of reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) in TGEV-activated apoptotic signaling.
Output: purpose
compared with saline-injected control tissues.
Output: finding
active immunization against hepatitis B virus ( HBV ) might initiate effective host immune responses versus HBV to achieve functional cure of CHB.
Output: background
cloned and expressed as a full-length IgG transiently in 293 T cells.
Output: method
and all 180 sera negative for NT antibody were negative for IP antibody in the healthy dogs.
Output: method
( iii ) One early ( May 2009 ) and one late ( July 2009 ) viral isolates were characterized by sequencing the complete hemagglutinine and neuraminidase genes.
Output: method
We explore the rationales that have perpetuated this inability or unwillingness to match need with effort.
Output: method
and crashes happened in Apr 2008 triggered by the Subprime Mortgage Crisis of US.
Output: finding
having a > 3 cycle-threshold ( Ct ) difference to that of the expected value by EHV real-time PCR 43 assays was considered to have failed quality control and the sample was re-extracted.
Output: method
Our findings indicate the potential of 2019-nCoV to cause outbreaks.
Output: finding
authors presented a novel parallel structural dsDNA/recombinant azurin ( PSD/rAzu ) hybrid structure for the general nucleic acid detection.
Output: background
and after implementation of the intervention.
Output: method
We here report a simple and label-free approach via homobifunctional imidoesters ( HIs ) with a microfluidic platform ( SLIM ) to efficiently enrich and extract pathogens at low concentrations from clinical samples.
Output: purpose
There is an urgent need to establish an effective and unbiased method to evaluate and monitor such contamination.
Output: background
community-based , birth cohort study conducted between September 2010 and October 2014.
Output: method
Reducing pandemic-related stress may best be accomplished through interventions designed to enhance resilience in psychologically healthy people.
Output: background
RBD promote viral entry into the host cells and is an important therapeutic target.
Output: background
sensitive , and specific assay that allows for its detection and quantitation in a time-and cost-effective manner.
Output: background
The codon usage patterns always represent balance between the directional mutation and the neutral selection that leads to translational efficiency of genes ( 8 ) ( 9 ) ( 10 ) ( 11 ).
Output: background
consisting of the founders and recombinant progeny of the `` Collaborative Cross '' project.
Output: method
In this study , we developed a Vero cell line that stably expresses PEDV ORF3 gene.
Output: purpose
long-term survival , and health care costs is an acute exacerbation of COPD.
Output: background
but an inconspicuous one was found between the PNS-and CNS-type fibre areas.
Output: finding
during and 2000USA , during -2006.
Output: purpose
however virus isolation was unsuccessful from day six and day 18 from the two calves investigated.
Output: finding
H5N1-induced pro-inflammatory responses , and H5N1-induced apoptosis in human monocyte-derived macrophages.
Output: purpose
Histologically , the infection resulted in lung lesions consistent with bronchointerstitial pneumonia of varying severity and nasal turbinates with blunting or loss of cilia of the epithelium lining the nasal septa.
Output: finding
cccDNA and secreted HBsAg were diminished when CRTC1 was compromised.
Output: finding
This study was designed to determine whether S gene mutation analysis can reliably diagnose FIP.
Output: purpose
rather than promotes , EV-A71 viral replication.
Output: finding
Moreover , most of these cases with undetectable viral RNA in throat swabs specimens at the early stage of illness were able to be IgM/IgG seropositive after 7 days.
Output: finding
as determined from city-level mortality data ( see Supplementary Information ).
Output: method
We have examined the requirement for ribonucleotides and ribonucleotide triphosphate hydrolysis during early events in the membrane integration of two membrane proteins : the G protein of vesicular stomatitis virus and the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase ( HN ) glycoprotein of Newcastle disease virus.
Output: purpose
In the present study , we isolated a SARS coronavirus strain from a brain tissue specimen obtained from a patient with SARS with significant central nervous symptoms.
Output: purpose
CD66-Opa binding is mediated by the NH 2 - terminal domain of the receptor and occurs through protein-protein interactions.
Output: background
Data extraction and risk of bias assessments were undertaken.
Output: method
The standardised rate of fracture injury increased by 1.31 % ( 95 % CI 0.56 to 2.05 % , p < 0.0001 ) and that of non-fracture injury increased by 9.23 % ( 95 % CI 7.07 to 11.43 % , p < 0.0001 ) annually.
Output: finding
and we provide recommendations for improving the communication about unknown aspects of disease during public health crises.
Output: purpose
including nitric oxide ( NO ).
Output: purpose
Microbes and microbial products can directly interact with viral particles.
Output: background
We retrieved 12 peptides based on the highest score for human leukocyte antigen ( HLA ) supertypes analysed by NetCTL.
Output: method
A total of 29 faecal samples collected from dogs with diarrhoea following canine parvovirus ( CPV ) vaccination were tested by minor groove binder ( MGB ) probe assays for discrimination between CPV vaccine and field strains and by diagnostic tests for detection of other canine pathogens.
Output: background
We also discuss challenges that need to be overcome for future application of alveolar organoids in individualized medicine.
Output: purpose
high resolution structural studies using X-ray crystallography and more recently cryo-EM techniques have provided a wealth of information on structures of variety of viruses.
Output: background
Finally , the transport of plasmid DNA vaccines into the lungs is reviewed.
Output: method
' % I-labeled 68K '' '' was rapidly released into the media of tumor cell cultures and was recovered both in the form of a soluble protein and in a 100 , OOOg pellet.
Output: finding
Our work reveals an essential role of CRTC1 coactivator in facilitating and supporting HBV transcription and replication.
Output: finding
nsp2 , and 3a , by gene scrambling to prevent the rescue of a virulent phenotype by recombination or remodeling of vaccine genomes based on codon deoptimization using synthetic biology.
Output: finding
including ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 ( ABCA1 ).
Output: background
Ad12 replicates in human cells but undergoes a completely abortive cycle in Syrian hamster cells.
Output: background
The recombinant DENV1 virus was recognized and neutralized by the DENV4 type-specific 5H2 MAb.
Output: finding
into milk is not reduced.
Output: method
although no viral proteins can be found in these cells.
Output: background
depending on the specific chemistry of the photosensitizing agent and its environment ( 16 ).
Output: finding
In this survey we draw attention to the many infective agents which have to be considered in the investigation of cases and outbreaks of gastroenteritis.
Output: finding
It will build up a new foundation for further study on Polygonum multiflorum.
Output: purpose
We used qualitative interviews to identify the main reasons why people approached NHS Direct with concerns about swine flu and to identify aspects of their contact which were reassuring , using a framework approach.
Output: purpose
and the coronaviruses that are the causes of severe acute respiratory syndrome ( SARS ) and Middle East respiratory syndrome ( MERS ).
Output: purpose
through a polyethylene tube 2 mm in diameter in contact with the dura.
Output: background
Nucleocapsid protein , Spike glycoprotein , and Membrane protein.
Output: finding
three died , two remain hospitalized.
Output: finding
Escherichia coli super-shedding and super-spreading by cattle are shaped by microorganism-specific , cattle-specific and environmental factors.
Output: purpose
however after cholesterol replenishment virus entry and subsequent replication rates were similar to the control infection.
Output: finding
we will try to predict the epidemic characteristics only in this area.
Output: purpose
Cercariae are also able to penetrate human skin and induce cercarial dermatitis.
Output: background
this can enable future allocation of a premium for different view obstruction levels for stakeholders.
Output: finding
The influence of CD25 + CD4 + regulatory T cells ( Treg ) on acute and chronic viral infection of the central nervous system ( CNS ) was examined using a glial tropic murine coronavirus.
Output: method
However , this term only retrieved 25 % of the top 100 articles.
Output: finding
which employs a probabilistic heuristic and uses the dominance property to further prune the search space.
Output: purpose
The human-animal interface has most likely contributed significantly to the evolutionary shaping and historical development of our species.
Output: finding
from 1985 to 2017 , were analyzed.
Output: method
as well as B. bronchiseptica and Mycoplasma spp. were analyzed in respiratory samples using PCR assays.
Output: method
a bio-informatics approach was used for analysis of codon adaptation biases.
Output: method
including the thematic of urban health.
Output: background
Symptomatic students also completed an electronic symptom diary.
Output: method
in addition to using their own in-house database.
Output: method
and heat-related emergency visits were evaluated.
Output: method
The completeness of reporting varied among the health care systems from 2 % to 30 % and improved over time.
Output: finding
Both SAFV-3 isolates had neurotropism and mild neurovirulence but showed different cell tropisms in both neonatal and young mouse models.
Output: finding
particularly when applied to humans.
Output: background
recently emerging as an important modulator of inflammation.
Output: background
Herein , we report three highly conserved G-quadruplex motifs ( SE-PGQ -1 , 2 , and3 ) in genome of all the 412 strains of Salmonella enterica.
Output: purpose
when he developed severe non-bloody diarrhea , approximately 20 times daily.
Output: background
Junctional adhesion molecule-A ( JAM-A ) is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily expressed in tight junctions and on hematopoietic cells that serves as a receptor for all reovirus serotypes.
Output: finding
given that it results in significant morbidity and mortality in neonatal piglets and is associated with increased costs related to vaccination and disinfection.
Output: background
designated as SAT05f , has been studied for its capacity of negatively regulating innate immunity induced by TLR7/TLR9 agonists in vitro and in mice.
Output: background
Human coronaviruses are one of the main causes of upper respiratory tract infections in humans.
Output: background
so is the availability of long-term datasets that could serve to enhance public health surveillance.
Output: background
and educational research are discussed.
Output: purpose
enveloped viruses , by interfering with endosomal fusion.
Output: background
one of the best studied at the molecular level is the evolutionarily conserved TRAPP complex.
Output: background
whereas those included in the category of common conditions were considered to be of lower adaptive value.
Output: method
and infectious diseases ( 53-64 ) ; immune disorders ( 65-69 ) ; diabetes ( 70 -72 ) ; and hereditary diseases ( 73-77 ).
Output: purpose
This review discusses the role of these RNA granules in the evasion of anti-viral stress responses through virus-induced remodeling of cellular ribonucleoproteins ( RNPs ).
Output: purpose
self-protection and laissez faire , and could adjust their strategies according to their neighbors ' strategies and payoffs at the beginning of each new season of epidemic spreading.
Output: method
We retrieved sequence data on seven fully sequenced coronaviruses and identified the main 3CL proteinase cleavage sites in polyproteins using alignments.
Output: method
Conclusions : K-601 has proven anti-inflammatory and antipyretic actions.
Output: finding
and ( 3 ) the potential for inhalation of such droplets or droplet nuclei by a susceptible host.
Output: purpose
Routine viral culture and multiplex PCR were inadequate methods to identify EV-D68 due to poor sensitivity and inability to differentiate EV-D68 from other enterovirus serotypes or rhinovirus.
Output: finding
Objective-To develop a method to perform multiple tests on single nasopharyngeal ( NP ) swab.
Output: purpose
In the present study , we report the discovery of bat CoV genes in Indonesian Moluccan naked-backed fruit bats ( Dobsonia moluccensis ).
Output: purpose
We studied the infection control influence of MERS-CoV using a hospital-based analysis.
Output: purpose
and to determine the association between pathogens and the markers of asthma activity.
Output: purpose
modern vaccination and therapeutic strategies with thrust on T cell biology.
Output: purpose
abdominal pain , rash , or dysuria.
Output: background
Within this review we explore examples and applications of oligonucleotide functionalised microbeads in aptamer selection and reflect upon new opportunities arising for aptamer science.
Output: purpose
To assess preventive effects of meditation and exercise on acute respiratory infection ( ARI ) illness.
Output: purpose
the leading cause of acquired heart disease in children , is currently unknown.
Output: background
We compared innate and adaptive immune responses of two patients infected with MERS-CoV to understand the underlying mechanisms involved in the response and propose potential therapeutic approaches.
Output: purpose
specifically those based on the thickness shear mode ( TSM ) resonator.
Output: purpose
have mild disease , or have a life-threatening infection with a high case fatality rate.
Output: background
2019 , in Wuhan , China.
Output: background
and may aid our understanding of disease emergence in natural populations of bats.
Output: finding
Under the One-health platforms there is a need to launch combined human and animal RVC surveillance programs for a better understanding of the epidemiology of RVC infections and for implementing control strategies.
Output: finding
The study was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist and selected randomized control trials which compared the efficacy of glucocorticoids add-on to macrolide in the treatment of MRMP in children.
Output: method
0 5 0 - oligoadenylate ( 2-5A ) second messengers and which impedes viral infections in higher vertebrates.
Output: background
and ( ii ) analyze the possibly related risk factors.
Output: purpose
rapamycin , potently inhibited both experimental and patient-derived rotavirus strains.
Output: finding
they share onlỹ 55 % nucleotide identity.
Output: finding
with the N-terminus exposed luminally and the C-terminus exposed cytoplasmically ( N exo ( lum ) - C cyto ).
Output: finding
and this knowledge has the potential to help in the development of new strategies to produce resistant plants.
Output: purpose
GC box and DNA stability are shown.
Output: finding
involving 138 and 207 samples respectively.
Output: method
In this review we will explore the critical roles that DCs play in the brain 's response to neuroinflammatory disease with emphasis on how the brain 's microenvironment impacts these actions.
Output: purpose
Moreover , the biological functions of the expressed nsp15s were assessed in MHV-infected cells.
Output: finding
World Health Organization declared Coronavirus disease-2019 ( COVID-2019 ) a Public Health Emergency of International Concern.
Output: background
interleukin-1b , tumour necrosis factor-a and nitric oxide.
Output: finding
The accepted phototoxic mechanism for these types of photosensitizers involves the formation of an excited triplet state upon light absorption that can participate in electron ( Type 1 ) or energy ( Type 2 ) transfer processes.
Output: finding
Amyloid fibril formation has long been studied because of the variety of proteins that are capable of adopting this structure despite sharing little sequence homology.
Output: background
its discussion section did not cover recovery that includes resilience.
Output: finding
Ectopic expression of sIFITM3 significantly inhibited non-enveloped foot-and-mouth disease virus ( FMDV ) infection in BHK-21 cells.
Output: finding
Public Health Ontario Laboratories ( PHOL ) launched an investigation of patients being tested for enterovirus D-68 ( EV-D68 ) in Ontario , Canada.
Output: background
microbiologists , ecologists , and policy makers to prevent and control EIDs through the human-animal-environment interface ( 19 ).
Output: background
each diverging at a conserved proline residue located in the middle of an α-helix.
Output: finding
The aim of this study was to report two cases of Clostridium perfringens type A and Clostridium difficile coinfection in adult dogs.
Output: purpose
favoring disease establishment by applying in one action using the same viral protein to coordinate viral replication and breaking down plant defense.
Output: purpose
airport screening is frequently implemented to limit the probability of infected cases entering other regions or countries.
Output: finding
Presence of acidosis and multiorgan failure was found to be predictor for mortality.
Output: finding
and up to 24 h following subcutaneous PHA injection.
Output: finding
A real-time PCR assay was developed for the detection of CRCoV.
Output: purpose
Interestingly , Domain II ( aa151-250 ) had an inhibitory effect on Domain IIIbut not on Domain I-mediated speckle formation.
Output: finding
which places it among the most bat-rich countries in the world.
Output: method
In this study , we selected this cell population as a target to investigate the extreme inflammatory response during severe influenza infection.
Output: purpose
All the MWPyV-positive specimens were also screened for other common respiratory viruses.
Output: method
FMDV antigens were rarely detectable within few epithelial cells in regions of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue ( MALT ).
Output: finding
during rotavirus infection in MA104 cells with regard to viral growth and particle assembly.
Output: purpose
Respondents were from 13 years and above.
Output: method
In the present study , we empirically tested the success rate of the MPR in obtaining the outgroup root for a given phylogenetic tree.
Output: purpose
Mathematical models can be very useful for understanding the effects of various factors on the spread and control of infectious diseases.
Output: finding
and peripheral infection , causing cumulative damage and eventually development of AD.
Output: background
This discussion provides descriptions of these expressions through nurses who experienced the crisis and chose to go on the public record.
Output: purpose
This model can be modified to reflect updated transmission characteristics and more specific definitions of outbreak control to assess the potential success of local response efforts.
Output: finding