niryuu/sni-each-converted huggingface dataset:
we assessed representative vOTUs spanning the Nairoviridae family towards Ub and ISG15 fluorogenic substrates.
Output: method
The glycoprotein gene was inserted at the 1 st or the 3 rd position of the measles virus genome and the recombinant viruses were generated.
Output: method
which agents deserve monitoring , and the appropriate frequency for such interventions.
Output: purpose
For each year , the reliability of the entire examination was calculated with Cronbach 's alpha.
Output: method
and travellers coming from Hong Kong , Macau , and Taiwan.
Output: method
The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of glucocorticoids add-on in the treatment of MRMP in children through systematic review and meta-analysis.
Output: purpose
Objective To review systematically the evidence of effectiveness of physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses.
Output: purpose
In this article , we review the latest trends and future directions of the field.
Output: purpose
a lot of problems are still waiting to be solved.
Output: background
In this chapter , we describe a simple and effi cient protocol for total nucleic acids extraction to be used in conventional RT-PCR assay.
Output: purpose
We hypothesized that axonal damage recruits inflammatory cells to sites of Wallerian degeneration , leading to demyelination.
Output: purpose
we briefly compare microchip CE with conventional CE and review developments in this technique that may be useful in diagnosis of major diseases.
Output: purpose
angiotensins , neurokinins , and cytokines.
Output: background
To demonstrate this possibility , we here tested the effects of TACE inhibitors on viral entry.
Output: method
which primarily cause infection of the upper respiratory and gastrointestinal tract of hosts.
Output: background
The brain stem ( thalamus , mesencephalon , caudal colliculus ) was most severely affected.
Output: finding
as shown in Fig. 9 .1.
Output: background
confirmed through laboratory tests , between July and September of 2009.
Output: method
This paper reviews how immunomodulation through active vaccination has evolved in the past 25 years.
Output: purpose
stakeholders , and private partners to support a growing network of individuals and agencies to achieve common goals to mitigate inter-and intra-species pathogen transmission via bioaerosols.
Output: purpose
incorporating documentation review , field observations and interviews.
Output: method
Hospital-acquired infections ( HAIs ) are a major concern to healthcare systems around the world.
Output: background
in vitro , for antibacterial , antifungal and antiviral activities.
Output: method
Several digital data sources and systems have been advanced for use in augmenting traditional influenza surveillance systems.
Output: background
Such techniques have given rise to aptamers with 1000 times greater binding affinities when compared to traditional SELEX.
Output: background
The two external body surface washes and the homogenate samples were tested for H9N2 to distinguish exterior from interior viral load.
Output: method
based on the genomic analysis.
Output: background
forming ahelical dimers , increases replication of seven various DNA and RNA viruses in cells.
Output: finding
Setting : AED , involving all local public emergency departments from 2001 to 2012.
Output: method
The incidence was predominantly higher in males ( 86.21 % ) than females ( 13.79 % ).
Output: finding
Canada-specific surveillance summary of illness in a cohort of returned Canadian travellers and new immigrants.
Output: purpose
only some oligodendrocytes , astrocytes and microglial cells are infected.
Output: finding
or the structural genes , and drastic changes in the sequences that regulate the expression of viral subgenomic mRNAs.
Output: background
particularly how viral proteins regulate NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
Output: purpose
During fasting , activation of the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha ( PPARA ) promotes the utilization of lipids as an energy source.
Output: background
The aim of this study was to investigate the population structure of the S. aureus complex in E. helvum and to assess the geographical spread of S. aureus complex among other animals and humans.
Output: purpose
Eighty-five participants ( 28.3 % ) randomized to gargling reported clinical URTI compared to 65 participants ( 21.7 % ) randomized to the no gargling arm ( RR : 1.3 , CI 95 : 0.92-1.57 , p = 0.19 ).
Output: finding
Lymphopenia can be used as an indicator of disease severity and prognosis of COVID-19 patients.
Output: finding
such as multi-drug resistant tuberculosis.
Output: finding
that quantitative fit testing is unreliable and that serious consideration should be given to the role of quantitative fit testing in future guidelines and standards.
Output: finding
and provide evidence for the absence of distinct evolutionary patterns/signatures in the genomes of the currently known major clades of SARS-CoV-2.
Output: purpose
Identification of a simple and effective indicator to assess disease severity and prognosis is urgently needed.
Output: background
Immunoinformatics has recently emerged as a critical field for accelerating immunology research.
Output: background
Here we use RNAsequencing and ribosome profiling to explore the mechanisms that are being utilized by the Influenza A virus ( IAV ) to induce host shutoff.
Output: method
median age 27.7 months ( interquartile range 13.9-60.3 months ).
Output: method
It would be desirable to rapidly characterize such outbreaks and develop accurate projections of their duration and cumulative size even when limited preliminary data are available.
Output: background
was taken as an example to demonstrate biological and ecological prerequisites which enables an invasive species to occupy a new habitat permanently.
Output: background
for the selection of high-threat pathogens with cross-border potential that will become the focus of its preparedness activities.
Output: purpose
The form is in six parts.
Output: method
An observational study identified issues with potential for contamination related to gown use.
Output: method
White Leghorn specific-pathogen-free chickens were immunized with EV71 antigens and a specific isolated immunoglobulin ( IgY ) was prepared from the chicken egg yolk.
Output: method
clinical specimens from 225 cases suspected of canine ehrlichiosis were examined for clinical pathology and presence of the haemoparasites.
Output: method
Werner syndrome and Fanconi anemia J are related to genomic defects that involve G-quadruplex forming sequences.
Output: background
TRIM25 binding does not inhibit initiation of capped-RNA-primed viral mRNA synthesis by the viral polymerase.
Output: finding
Increased relative expression was detected for IL-6 ( RE = 2.065 ).
Output: finding
We suggest that TMEV evolved frameshifting as a novel mechanism for removing ribosomes from the message ( a `` ribosome sink '' ) to downregulate synthesis of the 3 = - encoded replication proteins.
Output: finding
together with SARS coronavirus and Bat-SARS-like coronavirus.
Output: finding
Rather , the onset of RNA chain elongation is inhibited because TRIM25 prohibits the movement of RNA into the polymerase complex.
Output: finding
the purpose of these membrane alterations remains unclear.
Output: background
This work examines the effect of delivering the licensed human vaccine ( Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed , AVA ) combined with a CpG oligodeoxynucleotide ( ODN ) adjuvant intraperitoneally or intranasally to A/J mice.
Output: purpose
lipid metabolism , and angiogenesis.
Output: purpose
followed by epidemiological study in relation to age , breed , and sex.
Output: method
Fifty-one patients had proven/probable aspergillosis.
Output: background
was identified from a breeding colony of rats having X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency.
Output: background
grubii 's heat shock 70KDa protein were retrieved from NCBI protein database.
Output: method
Thirty Holstein calves were monitored during their first 60 days of age.
Output: method
We conclude by posing hypotheses regarding how pathogen natural history influences transmission heterogeneity and highlight emerging frontiers in the study of transmission heterogeneity.
Output: finding
were kept in a separate group , as controls.
Output: method
On the other hand , viruses has evolved many strategies to combat or utilize the host autophagy for their own benefit.
Output: background
In this issue , two articles contribute to the dissemination of research results and practice guidelines.
Output: purpose
We investigate the effects of delaying the time to recovery ( delayed recovery ) and of nonuniform transmission on the propagation of diseases on structured populations.
Output: purpose
and systemic symptoms such as apnea , acidosis , and lethargy.
Output: background
Results : Of the 50 patients , 14 had confirmed SARS.
Output: finding
Lactobacilli represent the dominant bacterial species able to prevent facultative and obligate anaerobes outnumber in vaginal microbiota maintaining healthy microbial homeostasis.
Output: background
In this study , RNAi technology has been applied to explore the possibility for prevention of SARS-CoV infection.
Output: purpose
The median age was 63 years ( range , 19 to 97 years ) and 80 % had one or more pre-existing health condition ; 9 % died in hospital.
Output: finding
During infection , multiple subgenomic ( sg ) mRNAs are transcribed from a mirror set of sg negative-strand RNA templates.
Output: background
This study used microbiota high-throughput sequencing to compare the fecal microbial profile of healthy horses to that of geriatric microbial transplant recipients experiencing diarrhea and tested whether FMT restores microbiota diversity.
Output: purpose
and then discuss the mechanisms by which specific gene products antagonize the host innate immune response in cell culture models.
Output: purpose
correspond to those showing early invasion of trypanosomes.
Output: background
an important nonstructural protein , is responsible for most cleavage within the viral polyprotein and is critical for the processes of viral replication.
Output: background
The secretion of chicken IFN-c and the proliferation of CD8 + T cells were tested using an ELISA kit and flow cytometry , respectively.
Output: method
Repeated oral and tracheal suction was performed.
Output: finding
increased national and international measures are being taken to contain the outbreak.
Output: background
particularly in adults ≥ 65 years old.
Output: background
We collected nasopharyngeal swabs from symptomatic children with acute respiratory infection ( ARI ) during household visits and at health facilities.
Output: method
it has been difficult to disentangle the relative impact of these forces empirically.
Output: background
bone marrow , and spleen have been used for library construction.
Output: method
The explicit condition for which the system undergoes backward bifurcation is obtained.
Output: method
blood , and feed samples by using the QIAamp RNA Mini Kit ( QIAGEN , Hilden , Germany ) according to the manufacturer 's instructions.
Output: method
OC43 , and MHV occurred less often in hospitalized children with lower respiratory tract disease ( 3.5 % ) than in a control group with non-respiratory tract disease ( 8.2 % ).
Output: background
and the on-going research on enveloped plant viruses.
Output: purpose
In this paper , we study the dynamics of a vector-borne disease model with two transmission paths : direct transmission through contact and indirect transmission through vector.
Output: purpose
The accuracy of the FFD-Markov-chain model was similar to that of the other two models.
Output: finding
in general , are more efficacious against CQ-resistant strains than against CQ-susceptible strains.
Output: finding
for fast and slow axonal transport studies , respectively.
Output: background
The major Ig classes in bovine and human milk are IgA , IgG and IgM.
Output: background
Here , we report the structure of the SARS-CoV S glycoprotein in complex with its host cell receptor ACE2 revealed by cryo-electron microscopy ( cryo-EM ).
Output: purpose
We conducted a systematic review to examine waterborne outbreaks following such events and explored their distribution between the different types of extreme water-related weather events.
Output: purpose
One candidate was also effective when administered orally in a rodent-based malaria model.
Output: finding
pathways and diseases mediated by 3D domain swapping in the human proteome.
Output: purpose
and we recommend standardized assay conditions and constructs for routine SARS-CoV 3CLpro assays to facilitate direct comparisons between SARS-CoV 3CLpro inhibitors under development worldwide.
Output: finding
Several investigations have shown that pentoxifylline possesses broad-spectrum antiviral activity against a range of RNA and DNA viruses.
Output: background
2000 , to November 14 , 2002.
Output: method
each of the APMV serotypes was found to replicate in hamsters.
Output: finding
IFN-signature , and BPI gene expression raises the possibility that impairments in these pathways contribute to the susceptibility of LBW term infants to infection.
Output: finding
The purpose of this review is to analyze the reported scientific data on continuous symphony of IL-35 in cancers since the inception of former.
Output: purpose
On the contrary , head was the most frequent non-fracture location , followed by forearm/elbow.
Output: finding
A diagnosis of sinusitis was based on published criteria.
Output: method
The median with 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) of R0 values was 2.28 ( 2.06-2.52 ) estimated by the bootstrap resampling method.
Output: finding
ineffective co-ordination between donors , questionable mechanisms of delivery and excessive loss of funding to `` middle men ''.
Output: background
Avian infectious bronchitis virus ( IBV ) is a coronavirus which infects chickens ( Gallus gallus ) of all ages and causes significant economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide.
Output: background
Turkey and the United States.
Output: method
In this study , we evaluated the green tea extract as a safe personal hygiene against viral infections.
Output: purpose
The TGEV C and A epitopes were fused to the passenger domain of the MisL autotransporter of Salmonella.
Output: method
We also discuss the significance of programmed ribosomal frameshifting in a central region of the polyprotein open reading frame in some mosquito-associated flaviviruses.
Output: finding
the contribution from newspapers is also important.
Output: purpose
The goal of this study was to develop a novel DENV infectious clone in a BAC under the control of the cytomegalovirus immediate-early promoter and to generate a virus with the fusion envelope-green fluorescent protein in an attempt to track virus infection.
Output: purpose
To facilitate needed diagnosis , we developed and optimized a reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification ( RT-LAMP ) assay that detects all 4 serotypes of dengue virus ( DENV ).
Output: method
and public health professionals about seeking and providing health care and about reporting cases to health authorities are all influenced by the information environment , which changes constantly.
Output: background
According to this hypothesis , in vitro experiments were performed to characterize the immunomodulatory effect of human adipose MSCs derived exosomes ( exo-hASCs ) on in vitro stimulated T cells.
Output: method
By contrast , the role of rhinovirus in precipitating attacks in children and young adults is strongly associated with allergy.
Output: finding
and could potentially be developed as a passive immunotherapy for EV71-and CVA16-induced HFMD.
Output: finding
Of 83 identified contacts , 81 were available for follow-up.
Output: method
The goal is to select the optimal air exchange rate that makes reasonable trade-offs among all the objectives.
Output: purpose
A particle swarm optimization ( PSO ) is used to optimize the scanning window to determine disease clusters.
Output: method
including contaminated inanimate surfaces , radiology equipment , and associated medical devices.
Output: purpose
provides the first line of defence against a broad array of microbial pathogens and trauma.
Output: purpose
recovered-type epidemic models consisting of ordinary differential equations.
Output: method
Aims were to investigate the different pathogens involved in ILI and describe the associated symptoms.
Output: purpose
and all are inhibitors of the BoNT/A LC.
Output: background
Virological surveillance was undertaken in reference laboratories of the seven French Defence Zones.
Output: background
18 children were sampled biweekly for respiratory pathogens , irrespective of respiratory symptoms.
Output: method
With this division , the size of the vector population 64 2.
Output: method
View is a key factor that influences property price.
Output: background
cross-reactivity , and interference were evaluated as measures of analytical performance.
Output: method
Deregulation of this process is a major causative factor for many diseases.
Output: background
The purpose of this Opinion article is to examine the nature of these hurdles and to provide food for thought on the main obstacles that impede this process.
Output: purpose
Implicating HSV1 further in AD is the discovery that HSV1 DNA is specifically localized in amyloid plaques in AD.
Output: background
during which influenza is most prevalent.
Output: method
This chapter attempts to summarize the current state of knowledge in this interesting field of HCV research.
Output: purpose
In this study , RNA aptamers against SCV NTPase/Helicase ( nsP10 ) were isolated from RNA library containing random sequences of 40 nts using in vitro selection technique.
Output: method
In the current study , we reported concurrent up-regulation of adenovirus E1a-associated 300 kDa protein p300 and GFAP in Tat-expressing human astroytoma cells and primary astrocytes.
Output: finding
This cross-sectional study determined the contamination of ID badges and lanyards worn by pediatric HCWs with common respiratory and gastrointestinal viruses.
Output: purpose
Mutagenesis of cysteine clusters III and IV did not appreciably affect S cell-surface expression or S-mediated cell fusion.
Output: finding
Pooled mean 41 incubation period was 5.84 ( 99 % CI : 4.83 , 6.85 ) days.
Output: finding
Eventually attention is paid to new trends in dog feed such as feeding bones and raw meat.
Output: background
( 2 ) To describe the system of External Quality Assessment on EM virus diagnosis ( EQA-EMV ) established in 1994 by our laboratory and its achievements.
Output: purpose
Moreover , serotype-specific monoclonal antibodies ( MAbs ) bound similarly to infectious clone and the natural isolate.
Output: finding
The transcriptome map allowed the identification of 278 operon ( total 730 genes ) structures in the genome.
Output: finding
• Mucosal immunoprophylaxis is theoretically an important approach to control infections acquired through these portals.
Output: background
The diagnostic accuracy of the models was compared with that of physicians on the same set of patients.
Output: method
and potential negative feedback functions of autophagy in the host antiviral response.
Output: purpose
there are also strong similarities.
Output: background
N.
Output: background
and whether it could stimulate cell-mediated antiviral activity.
Output: purpose
transforming growth factor ( TGF ) - β1 induces differentiation of T helper ( Th ) 17 cells in mice.
Output: background
and in 2018 , eight of the top ten bestselling drugs worldwide were biologics.
Output: background
how these viruses integrate multifarious functions into one unique structure have enamored researchers for years.
Output: background
At Time 1 , older adults ( N = 141 ) completed self-report measures of SDT ( perceived autonomy support from senior center staff , autonomous motivation for influenza prevention ) and TPB ( attitude , subjective norm , perceived behavioral control , and intention for influenza prevention ) constructs with respect to facemask used to prevent infection.
Output: method
total-and anti-FPV specific IgGs , likely due to passive transfer of maternal immunity.
Output: finding
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus ( PEDV ) is a major causative agent of fatal diarrhea in piglets and is a serious problem in the hog-raising industry.
Output: background
this is the first report of experimental data for both the site of O-glycosylation and identity of the O-glycans attached on the subunit S1.
Output: finding
, etc..
Output: background
but there are no published data on their performance in airports.
Output: background
to our knowledge , of transmission of PVL-producing S. aureus to a physician during the resuscitation of an infant with fatal pneumonia.
Output: purpose
The model was parameterized for footrot in sheep.
Output: method
comprehensive searches of four electronic scientific literature databases were conducted for studies published in English from January 2004 to June 2014.
Output: method
In this study , we developed rhesus macaques as a model for MERS-CoV using intratracheal inoculation.
Output: purpose
Hand hygiene compliance rates increased from 73 % just before the occurrence of the first MERS case to 88 % during MERS cases ( P = .0001 ).
Output: finding
This knowledge can be utilized in further biological analysis to understand disease dynamics and isolate proteins for study as drug target candidates.
Output: purpose
Currently , we study epigenetic effects on cellular methylation and transcription patterns in Ad12-infected cells and in Ad12-induced hamster tumor cells.
Output: finding
and may play a role in the pathology.
Output: background
We show the utility of the plug-and-play approach in the context of an investigation of measles transmission dynamics.
Output: purpose
However , so far no drug against HIV-1 infection exhibiting this mechanism of action has been approved.
Output: background
real-time PCR , flow cytometry and Western blot.
Output: method
As such , MPA represents a novel type of inhibitor against RNA guanylyltransferases that inhibits the second step of the catalytic reaction.
Output: finding
The ACD feeding treatment supported greater preweaning average daily gain ( 0.59 vs. 0.43 kg/d ) and structural growth than RES feeding.
Output: finding
which showed that the replication of virus nucleic acid and the formation of the capsid in the cell nucleus were suppressed.
Output: finding
The assay of the time of addition limited the drug effect during the first 8 h of infection.
Output: finding
ELISA , western blotting and bidirectional immune agar diffusion testing.
Output: method
treatment , prognosis , and prevention of the disease.
Output: purpose
The clinical data of 34 cases with severe pneumonia were collected.
Output: method
The odds of ACD calves being treated for a preweaning disease event tended to be lower than that of the RES calves ( 1.2 vs. 5.2 % , respectively ).
Output: finding
Limitations : Studies are observational and findings are mainly based on studies that recruited 47 patient from clinics and hospitals and so may be biased toward more severe cases.
Output: finding
ELISAs for IFNs and bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein were performed in both LBW and NBW newborns and in adults ( LBW = 18 , NBW = 18 , Adults = 8 ).
Output: method
Objective : This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and related factors of post-traumatic stress disorder ( PTSD ) symptoms among doctors and nurses who were exposed to H7N9 patients during the H7N9 influenza epidemic.
Output: purpose
Prevention of virus spread is impeded by a lack of basic knowledge concerning viral shedding and transmission potential in individual animals.
Output: background
GFP was fused to the carboxy-terminus of S1 for expression of S1-GFP to show expression of recombinant S1 by agroinfiltration of tobacco leaves.
Output: method
Oncolytic virus therapy is based on the ability of viruses to effectively infect and kill tumor cells without destroying the normal tissues.
Output: background
In-hospital mortality rates of ARDS in Taiwan.
Output: finding
use of immune modulators and the role of final boost immunization are discussed in detail.
Output: purpose
Postdelivery data were collected from medical records.
Output: method
A total of 93 samples ( 4.7 % ) from 17 genera of bats tested positive.
Output: finding
it is expected that only viral structures in close proximity to activated photosensitizing compounds will be affected.
Output: finding
this study conducts a content analysis of 61 relevant journal articles published in 2006-2018.
Output: purpose
Serum samples from their dams ( n = 30 ) were also taken 1-week postfarrowing.
Output: method
In this study we showed that CREBregulated transcriptional coactivator 1 ( CRTC1 ) is required for HBV transcription and replication.
Output: finding
Between April 2011 and November 2012 , 224 patients were included.
Output: method
and to explore the perspectives and experiences of managers and frontline health workers.
Output: purpose
Each tumor cell or Ad12-transformed hamster cell carries multiple copies of integrated Ad12 DNA.
Output: background
OC38 , OC43 , and mouse hepatitis virus ( MHV ) strain A-59 , is described.
Output: background
Here , we present data for an alternative model whereby RNA viruses evolve high mutation rates as a byproduct of selection for increased replicative speed.
Output: purpose
or 33 % saving from a system without energy saving measures.
Output: finding
Thus the likely scenario is that allergen exposure over the first few years of life induces sensitization ( ie , T H2 cells and IgE antibodies ).
Output: finding
however , was still 20-to-50-fold better than intramuscular inoculation despite the subcutaneous pre-exposure to wild-type VTT.
Output: finding
Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of viral co-infections in dogs with BP and to assess demographic or clinical variables as well as disease severity associated with viral co-infections.
Output: purpose
Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed the following.
Output: finding
Specifically speaking , increasing the successful rate of self-protection does not necessarily reduce the epidemic size or improve the system payoff.
Output: finding
and antibodies that specifically bind to the prefusion conformation of RSV F generally demonstrate the greatest neutralization potency.
Output: background
researchers have been seeking attractive substrate materials to keep microfluidics improving to outbalance the drawbacks and issues.
Output: background
or travel within the previous 6 months.
Output: background
We detected diverse coronaviruses by PCR in wildfowl and wading birds in England.
Output: finding
The role of wild birds in the epidemiology of IBV is poorly understood.
Output: background
Injection of shRNA-1370 into chicken embryo also reduces the replication of avian influenza virus ( AIV ).
Output: finding
The amplicons of positive samples were sequenced for confirmation.
Output: method
Therefore the objective of the present study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of bovine NK-lysin-derived peptides on bovine respiratory pathogen Histophilus somni.
Output: purpose
and illness burden associated with ARI between December 2012 and March 2013.
Output: purpose
HLIUs expended substantial resources in development but must strategize models of sustainability to maintain readiness.
Output: finding
is imperative and warrants elucidation of its clinical significance.
Output: finding
and minimize the risk to their personnel , trainees and pathologists.
Output: purpose
Other finer details pertaining to the mechanism of the pathogen SARS-CoV-2 spread within a given region are implicitly manifested in the exponent parameters derived from the non-linear fitting of the published data on Covid-19 occurrence.
Output: method
In this way CDV escapes immune surveillance.
Output: finding
Seven out of ten mutants displayed a wild-type ( wt ) or moderately elevated pH dependence for the conformational change.
Output: finding
Aim : Bile salt export pump ( BSEP ) have been confirmed to play an important role for bile acid canalicular export in the treatment of cholestasis.
Output: purpose
An overview of the reversible reactions used for the generation of DCLs in protein-templated DCC is given in Scheme 1.
Output: background
from birth through the first 7 days of life.
Output: purpose
and to assess the available evidence base regarding interventions to reduce such impact.
Output: purpose
In this chapter , we briefly introduce whole-exome sequencing in the context of genetic approaches to identify host susceptibility genes to viral infections.
Output: purpose
In addition , approaches to identifying new biomarkers are also briefly introduced.
Output: purpose
Method : We included subjects with suspected MERS-CoV infection and confirmed cases of MERS infection.
Output: method
and increased from 2.53 to 19.26 per 100,000 personyears during the study period.
Output: finding
A recombinant Fab that recognizes a neutralizing epitope located in the ( 296 -400 ) region of protein E of dengue virus was obtained from cloned hybridoma cells secreting the mouse monoclonal antibody ( mAb ) 4E11.
Output: method
Here we showed that ATA indicates a unique mechanism of YopH inactivation due to a redox process.
Output: finding
It plays a key role in most cellular processes including immune signaling.
Output: background
including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis , tuberculosis infection , and respiratory virus infection.
Output: purpose
The primary cause of this CNS disease remains elusive.
Output: background
Data are from one experiment with multiple biological replicates for a and b. Statistical analysis for p-values by two-tailed unpaired t-tests.
Output: method
This review focuses on the interesting properties and potential of this new type of engineered MHC class I molecule.
Output: purpose
We showed that p300 was indeed induced by Tat expression and HIV-1 infection and that the induction occurred at the transcriptional level through the cis-acting elements of early growth response 1 ( Egr-1 ) within its promoter.
Output: finding
which mainly reside at the loop region in all the predicted secondary structures.
Output: method
Postweaning body weight and carcass grading information was collected from the veal calves at slaughter once a live weight between 300 and 350 kg had been achieved.
Output: method
we deleted the group-specific genes from the group 2 mouse hepatitis virus ( MHV ) genome via a novel targeted recombination system based on host switching ( L. Kuo , G. J.Godeke , M. J. Raamsman , P. S. Masters , and P. J. M. , J. Virol.
Output: method
Gel diluents can have variable viscosities and are `` dropped '' onto chicks with an applicator bar.
Output: background
The biologic basis for the observed protective effect of breast-feeding is reviewed with an emphasis on the mechanisms involved in the development and maintenance of mucosal immunity in general.
Output: purpose
based on the S1 gene.
Output: background
with an origin of west African strains in east Africa.
Output: finding
Similar results were obtained for a vaccine made from a Taiwan Group II IBV strain.
Output: finding
and controls ( n = 128 ) , were included.
Output: method
Correlation analysis indicated that the base content at the third position of codons affect the degree of codon preference.
Output: finding
3 , 7 , 11 and 15 weeks of age.
Output: method
Standardized criteria were set for the assessment of severity of infection and effectiveness of the antimicrobial agent in question.
Output: method
We review here the current status of the Korean epidemiologic service and suggest possible supplementation measures.
Output: purpose
Inhibition of either APN gene expression or its enzymatic activity severely affects leukocyte growth and function.
Output: background
Each patient in the study was monitored for 11-13 months by standard pulmonary function examination.
Output: method
and the dynamic effects o f th e length o f lactatio n an d othe r materna l factor s upo n th e concentration s o r functions o f th e component s o f th e system.
Output: background
there are only few studies on the factors that determine the success and failure of infectious disease response and the responses to administrative and policy aspects.
Output: background
Objective : To determine if immune phenotypes associated with immunosenescence predict risk of respiratory viral infection in elderly nursing home residents.
Output: purpose
This review presents an overview of nucleic acid probe methodology and its applications in veterinary infectious diseases.
Output: purpose
Here , we evaluated tumor-treating fields-mediated initiation of the macrophage-specific immune response.
Output: purpose
and by explicitly modelling air travel within the United States ( air travel being relatively insignificant in Great Britain due to its much smaller size ).
Output: method
userfriendly , replicable , quantifiable and specific , algorithmic-like manner.
Output: finding
In this study , we integrated sequence information and RNA expression of genes within the QTL to identify mucin 4 ( Muc4 ) as a high priority candidate for controlling SARS-CoV titer in the lung.
Output: purpose
The spike glycoprotein ( S ) of SARS-CoV was used as the test antigen after the S gene was constructed in the identical genomic location of two vectors to generate vaccine candidates MVTT-S and MVA-S.
Output: method
In this paper , we apply two data mining techniques in order to better understand the stability and the possibility of recovery from MERS-CoV infections.
Output: purpose
ribosomal protein L4 ( RPL4 ) and HMBS , RPL4 , respectively.
Output: finding
the Philippines , on children < 5 years old.
Output: method
The frequency of recombinants is enhanced by conditions that prevent or hinder the minus strand synthesis of a single plus strand segment.
Output: background
Serum eosinophil cationic protein and total IgE levels were measured by ImmunoCAP.
Output: method
Here , we discuss recent work that employs protein engineering strategies to design immunogens that elicit bNAbs or engineer novel bNAbs.
Output: purpose
macrophage specific cytochemistry , and phagocytosis.
Output: method
but when the cholesterol was replenished , NDV infection was restored.
Output: finding
This study examines the international resort park type selection in Taiwan.
Output: purpose
Our data are consistent with the kinetic proofreading model for biosynthetic reactions and suggest that speed is more important than accuracy.
Output: finding
In this study , we examined the functional role of the chemokine CXCL1 in contributing to neuroinflammation and demyelination in EAE.
Output: purpose
This chapter is based on semi quantitative risk analysis in order to rank potential health risk transmitted from family dogs to human.
Output: background
which efficiently phosphorylates acyclovir and facilitates incorporation into nascent viral DNA genomes by the HSV DNA polymerase enzyme ; incorporation of acyclovir into viral DNA terminates genome replication ( 3 ).
Output: background
Furthermore , we assessed Cohorts D-G were used to evaluate sensitivity of the different platforms.
Output: method
The aim of this study was to evaluate diagnostic indexes of a rapid IgG-IgM combined antibody test for SARS-CoV-2.
Output: purpose
We discuss the challenges in proving a causal relationship between the presence of a candidate organism and disease.
Output: purpose
General practitioner ( percentage of influenza-like-illness related patient visits among all patient visits ) and laboratory ( percentage of specimen tested positive ) seem to proportionally reflect the actual disease trends and are less representative of the information environment.
Output: finding
Methods : This study included an index case and all HCW contacts.
Output: method
The number of total cases was determined by the maximum log likelihood estimation.
Output: method
schools and workplaces , and the wider community.
Output: method
important questions have remained unanswered.
Output: background
The genome of bacteriophage q ~ 6 is composed of three unique segments of double-stranded RNA packaged within a procapsid.
Output: background
19 Objectives : Development and validation of a single-step and accurate reverse transcriptase loop-20 mediated isothermal amplification technique ( RT-LAMP ) for rapid identification of SARS COV-2 21 relative to commercial quantitative reverse transcriptase real-time PCR ( qRT-PCR ) assays to allow 22 prompt initiation of proper medical care and containment of virus spread.
Output: purpose
especially its wobble interaction , to constrain the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA to the correct reading frame.
Output: purpose
were injected intraperitoneally into these mice to produce ascitic fluid containing monoclonal antibodies.
Output: method
We have shown by N-glycanase digestion that LCMV strain Arm-4 bears five oligosaccharides on GP-1 and two on GP-2.
Output: background
Missouri and Chicago , Illinois notified the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ( CDC ) about increased numbers of pediatric patients hospitalized with severe respiratory illness ( SRI ).
Output: background
To illustrate our metrics , phylogenetic trees of 18 Eutherian mammals from comparison of their mtDNA sequences and 24 coronaviruses using the whole genomes are constructed.
Output: method
Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 5 ( 1 ) , 1-5.
Output: finding
The QAC being tested is an antibacterial film that is sprayed onto a surface and can remain active for up to 8 h.
Output: method
depression and post-traumatic stress disorder ( PTSD ) frequencies.
Output: purpose
diagnosis code for a state-required reportable communicable disease were matched to surveillance records.
Output: method
but not the AM , strain.
Output: finding
This is important to focus on screening and detection to this patient population.
Output: finding
pharmacological and toxicological properties of Pelargonium sidoides as well as the potential role of plant biotechnology in its conservation.
Output: purpose
We assessed the effectiveness of syndromic screening at departure and/or arrival & traveller sensitisation to the COVID-2019-like symptoms with the aim to trigger rapid self-isolation and reporting on symptom onset to enable contact tracing.
Output: method
In addition , important hemostatic alterations due to the infection suggest a chronic intravascular consumption coagulopathy.
Output: finding
The objective of this study was to determine whether pet owners noticed and retained the message of a poster with an antimicrobial stewardship message placed in veterinary clinic exam rooms.
Output: purpose
in order to identify limitations and knowledge gaps in developing of new methods.
Output: purpose
ACE2 activators and angiotensin II antagonist.
Output: purpose
Methods : Outpatients with ARI were assayed for presence of 18 viruses using multiplex reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction ( MRT-PCR ) to simultaneously detect multiple viruses.
Output: method
EF-Tu , EF-G , and initiation factors were prepared as described ( 2-5 ).
Output: method
Light-and quantitative electron-microscopic evaluation showed that epithelia exposed to 1 ppm ozone in air exhibited loss of ciliated cells and ciliated cell damage.
Output: finding
purify and characterize soluble and secreted versions of several viral envelope glycoproteins which have been successfully used as antigens to capture and isolate human phage-displayed monoclonal antibodies.
Output: purpose
Co-detection of CIV and CRCoV was represented the highest proportion and most often found with other CIRD viruses.
Output: finding
† This manuscript does not refer to patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Output: finding
expert-curated accounts ( e.g. , ProMED Mail ) , and validated official alerts.
Output: method
The polyproteins of the strains differed in eight amino acids.
Output: finding
Eighty medical staff contracted SARS in 2003.
Output: method
development of new anti-HIV agents is urgently needed.
Output: background
A total of 177 faecal samples from pups with enteritis were analysed by a PCR and n-PCR specific for CCV.
Output: method
Procalcitonin discriminated between typical bacteria and the combined group of viruses and atypical bacteria with an area under the ROC curve of 0.79 ( 95 % CI , .75-.82 ).
Output: finding
in parallel with measurements of total bacterial count and haemoglobin presence.
Output: purpose
Both hinder proper allocation of a premium for different view obstruction levels for high-rise high-density urban environments.
Output: background
Of note , 70 IFN-signature genes were found to be significantly down-regulated in LBW compared to NBW newborns.
Output: finding
In this study , we amplified the 1.2 kb HE gene from the HTV genome using long RT-PCR and sequenced the amplicon directly.
Output: method
Furthermore , it also inhibited a CXCR4-tropic replication-competent strain of HIV-1 subtype B virus.
Output: finding
while the viral products of all downstream open reading frames are derived from subgenomic mRNAs.
Output: background
and produced by gene synthesis ( Genscript ).
Output: method
The aim of our studies was to determine whether ADAM17 depletes ACE2 levels in pancreatic islets and ␤ - cells.
Output: purpose
which is present in the F cleavage site of neurovirulent strain Beaudette C ( BC ).
Output: method
Male C57BL/10 mice were used as donors.
Output: method
Optimization of each key step is extensively discussed and simplified protocols for library panning and Fab production are also described.
Output: purpose
followed by a detailed discussion of the application of food technology ethics in industrial contexts.
Output: purpose
Reovirus mu2 protein inhibits interferon signaling through a novel mechanism involving nuclear accumulation of interferon regulatory factor 9.
Output: background
observational , and multicenter study conducted in 16 tertiary PICUs in Turkey includes a total of 302 children with viral cause in the nasal swab which required PICU admission with no interventions.
Output: method
which was the same as the expected results.
Output: finding
BetaCoV _ RaTG , and BatSARS-like Cov.
Output: finding
37 making it an attractive drug target for this virus 5,6.
Output: background
one to three weeks ahead.
Output: method
The resulting activation of the adaptive response is a critical step to resolution of injury or infection and is key to survival.
Output: background
Amino acids substitutions were analysed.
Output: method
Common six viruses associated with CIRDC were detected in both groups with CIV and CRCoV being predominantly found.
Output: finding
and novel non-mechanical delivery methods.
Output: background
No reuse allowed without permission.
Output: finding
miscellaneous drugs , natural products , herbal and repurposing drugs.
Output: purpose
The first doctor to report this new disease was an ophthalmologist : this exemplifies the role of ophthalmologists in an infectious disease pandemic.
Output: background
we analyzed both global and novel Japanese strains detected during 2013-2017.
Output: method
but also in large animal models.
Output: background
We conclude that the C58 cell line can be used to generate continuously growing monoclonal T-cell reagents of sufficient stability using both intra-and inter-species hybridisation.
Output: finding
In this study we investigated the role of XendoU homologs in Drosophila melanogaster.
Output: purpose
epidemiologists have recognized that ` superspreading ' hosts play a key role in disease epidemics.
Output: background
we investigated whether neutralizing mAbs that are highly homologous to those of humans ( human-like ) could be generated.
Output: purpose
and respiratory rate 28 breaths per minute.
Output: finding
camel exposure , and exposure to untreated food products.
Output: finding
# * P < 0.05 vs. CI.
Output: finding
This activity can be inhibited by the viral NS1 protein.
Output: finding
In the present studies , we report the cloning and structural characterization of the HFGL2 gene and its functional role in human fulminant hepatitis.
Output: purpose
Objective : To investigate the prevalence of respiratory syncytial virus ( RSV ) and rhinovirus ( and its species ).
Output: purpose
is the highest frameshifting efficiency recorded to date for any virus.
Output: finding
Infection of the X-SCID rats with RatPyV2 and Pneumocystis carinii is a potential model for coinfection pathogenesis and treatment options during transplant preclinical studies.
Output: finding
Here we discuss in detail how intracellular pathogens exploit dendritic cells and evade degradation by altering or evading autophagy.
Output: purpose
a non-immunosuppressive cyclosporin A-analog , inhibit the replication of four different coronaviruses , including MERS-and SARS-coronavirus.
Output: purpose
sapiens-tc/GIN/2014 / Makona-C05 and treated with sufficient SAB-139 at 1 day ( n = 6 ) or 3 days ( n = 6 ) postinfection survived versus 0 % of controls.
Output: finding
The PHE-CoV DNA vaccine was constructed by subcloning the S1 gene of PHE-CoV into the pVAX1 vector to create the recombinant plasmid pV-S1.
Output: method
affecting more than 3500 human cases and resulting in a huge economic loss ( 17 , 18 ).
Output: background
This review examines the expression strategies that have been used to this end and focuses on the distinguishing features between those that make use of single polycistronic baculovirus ( co-expression ) and those that use multiple monocistronic baculoviruses ( co-infection ).
Output: purpose
HA0 , to the fusion-permissive form , HA1-S-S-HA2.
Output: finding
This study examined whether an infection with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus ( PRRSV ) potentiates respiratory signs upon exposure to bacterial lipopolysaccharides ( LPS ).
Output: purpose
author/funder , who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity.
Output: finding
Musca domestica ( Linnaeus 1758 ) , under laboratory conditions.
Output: purpose
Furthermore , this information can be used to identify possible cross-reactivities among proteins due to similarities in their binding sites.
Output: finding
Polycythemia and hyperviscosity altering blood flow and infectious agents are also implicated.
Output: background
This study is designed to conceptually propose and empirically examine a theoretical model for restaurant diners ' self-protective behavior in response to an epidemic crisis.
Output: purpose
Background : Many outbreaks of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus ( MERS-CoV ) have occurred in health care settings and involved health care workers ( HCWs ).
Output: background
Genetic PAP ( GPAP ) is caused by mutations in genes encoding surfactant proteins or genes encoding a surfactant phospholipid transporter in alveolar type II epithelial cells.
Output: background
Study design : Two hundred and three retrospective and 36 prospective respiratory samples were tested by all three assays.
Output: method
which utilizes porcine aminopeptidase N ( pAPN ) as a functional receptor.
Output: finding
However , respondents with pre-outbreak respiratory problems and diabetes did not more often take preventive measures.
Output: finding
This protocol describes how to determine whether CNS protection observed after drug intervention is a consequence of attenuating CNS-infiltrating immune cells or blocking death of CNS cells during inflammatory insults.
Output: purpose
in Argentina , mostly detected in dairy husbandry systems.
Output: background
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia ( KSA ).
Output: background
Workshop participants recommended enhanced international harmonization and cooperation and closer collaborations between human and veterinary researchers to expedite progress.
Output: finding
Mutating the G _ GUU _ UUU shift site to inhibit frameshifting results in an attenuated virus with reduced growth kinetics and a small-plaque phenotype.
Output: finding
66 consistent with its theoretical molecular weight 33796.8 Da.
Output: background
transaminitis , and rapid-onset respiratory failure with acute kidney injury ( AKI ).
Output: background
with focus on classical methods used as well as more recent molecular methods.
Output: purpose
Therefore , G-quadruplexes have emerged as a new class of molecular targets for drug development.
Output: background