nirantk/geneticsQA-train huggingface dataset:
Question: What is Behçet's disease

Context:
Behçet's disease (BD) is a complex chronic relapsing inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology. 
 Behçet disease is a systemic disease of young adults characterized by venous occlusion in both the deep venous and retinal circulations. In severe ocular disease, blindness may occur despite immunosuppressive treatment
Behçet disease is a chronic relapsing inflammatory disease affecting many different organs. 
Behçet's disease is a multisystem disease featuring mucocutaneous, ocular, articular, vascular, intestinal, urogenital, and neurologic involvement and occurs with a high prevalence in the Mediterranean including Turkey. 
Behçet syndrome is a chronic disease hallmarked by inflammation of the blood vessels that is related to an autoimmune reaction caused by inherited susceptibility due to specific genes and environmental factors, probably components of infectious microorganisms, which turn on or get going the disease in genetically susceptible subjects
Behçet disease (BD) is a rare relapsing, multisystem vasculitis characterised by recurrent oral and genital ulcers, and uveitis.
Behçet's disease, also known as the Silk Road Disease, is a rare systemic vasculitis disorder of unknown etiology. Recurrent attacks of acute inflammation characterize Behçet's disease. 
Behçet's disease is a chronic multisystem vasculitis of unknown etiology that involves skin, mucous membranes, eyes, blood vessels, joints, central nervous system, digestive system, and occasionally other organs.
Behcet's disease is a multisystem inflammatory disorder, and its etiology has not been defined clearly yet. 
Behçet's disease is a systemic inflammatory disease presented with recurrent oral aphtha, cutaneous manifestations, uveitis, and genital ulcer. 
ehçet's disease is a systemic immunoinflammatory disease of young adults characterized by systemic vasculitis of arteries and veins.

Answer: Behet's disease (BD) is a complex chronic relapsing inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology.
Behçet's disease (BD) is a complex chronic relapsing inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology.
Behçet's disease (BD) is a complex chronic relapsing inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology. 
behçet's disease (bd) is a complex chronic relapsing inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology.
Question: Which translocation is harbored in the Askin tumor cells?

Context:
The Ewing sarcoma family of tumors includes osseous Ewing sarcoma, extraskeletal Ewing sarcoma, primitive neuroectodermal tumor, and Askin tumor. They share a karyotype abnormality with translocation involving chromosomes 11 and 22
Ewing tumor family consists of Ewing tumor of bone, extraosseous Ewing tumor, primitive neurectodermal tumor and Askin tumor. All of them share genetic abnormality, reciprocal translocation (11; 22) (q24; q12), and originate from the same primordial stem cell
Chromosomal analysis of the neoplastic cells revealed translocation (11;22)(q24;q12), which is often found in Ewing's sarcoma and Askin tumor
Malignant small cell tumor of the thoracopulmonary region (MSCT) was first described in 1979 and has been referred to as the Askin tumor
MSCT and PPNET have a common reciprocal cytogenetic translocation [t(11;22)q(24;q12)], which is shared with Ewing's sarcoma
The Askin tumor, a primitive malignant small-cell tumor of the chest wall, is mostly seen among children and adolescents. It is closely related to Ewing's sarcoma of the same location, both tumors showing a chromosomal translocation t(11;22)
Chromosomal analysis of the neoplastic cells revealed translocation (11;22)(q24;q12), which is often found in Ewing's sarcoma and Askin tumor.
Chromosomal analysis of the neoplastic cells revealed translocation (11;22)(q24;q12), which is often found in Ewing's sarcoma and Askin tumor.
In Ewing's sarcoma (a tumor of unknown histogenesis), and in peripheral neuroepithelioma and Askin's tumor (tumors with evidence of neural origin), we have observed an indistinguishable t(11;22) translocation.
Reciprocal translocations of chromosomes 11 and 22 are the most common cytogenetic abnormalities in Ewing's sarcoma and the related Askin's tumor
The t(11;22)(q24;q12) and t(21;22)(q22;q12) are specific chromosomal translocations found in the Ewing family of tumors including ES, PNET and Askin tumors

Answer: The Askin tumor is a primitive malignant small-cell tumor of the chest wall mostly seen among children and adolescents. It is closely related to Ewing's sarcoma of the same location, with both tumors harboring reciprocal translocation t(11;22) (q24;q12).
Exact answer: reciprocal translocation t(11;22) (q24;q12)
Question: Is the toxin produced by Clostridium botulinum always deadly?

Context:
Animals treated with trace elements recovered. It appears that intestinal microbiota dysbiosis and trace element deficiency could explain the extensive emergence of chronic Botulism.
The patient was treated with human botulism immune globulin and had rapid recovery in weakness. A stool sample from the patient was positive for Type A Clostridium botulinum toxin eventually confirming the diagnosis of infant botulism
The botulism immunoglobulin was administered, and a diagnosis was confirmed with positive botulinum toxin in the stool samples. Full recovery was made by the infant
Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) serotype B (BoNT/B) is one of the serotypes of BoNT that causes deadly human botulism, though it is used clinically for treatment of many neuromuscular diseases.
Foodborne botulism is a rare and sometimes fatal illness caused by consuming foods containing botulinum neurotoxin
To assess the effectiveness and safety of botulinum toxin in treating MPS, excluding MPS in neck and head muscles.
Botulinum toxin (BTX) is one of the most potent bacterial toxins known and its effectiveness in the treatment of some pain syndromes is well known.
 An emerging treatment option to address these issues is the use of a paralyzing material such as botulinum toxin A (Botox) to decrease the appearance of the wrinkles, which yields a more esthetic and youthful facial appearanc
lthough BoNT is an extremely toxic molecule, it is now increasingly used for the treatment of disorders related to muscle hyperactivity and glandular hyperactivity.

Answer: There are numerous examples where children and animals survived infection with clostridium botulinum.
Exact answer: no
Question: Is COL5A2 gene associated to ischemic heart disease?

Context:
Analysis of a gene co-expression network establishes robust association between Col5a2 and ischemic heart disease
Col5a2, a gene previously not specifically linked to MI response but responsible for the classic type of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, was found to have many and strong co-expression associations within this community
Col5a2 shows predictive potential in MI, and in principle may represent a novel candidate marker for the identification and treatment of ischemic cardiovascular disease
Analysis of a gene co-expression network establishes robust association between Col5a2 and ischemic heart disease.

Answer: Analysis of a gene co-expression network establishes robust association between Col5a2 and ischemic heart disease  
In a gene co-expression network from microarray data originating from a mouse model of myocardial infraction, Col5a2 shows predictive potential, and in principle may represent a novel candidate marker for the identification and treatment of ischemic cardiovascular disease.
Exact answer: yes
Question: Is the SDHAF2 gene  encoding a protein necessary for flavination of SDHA?

Context:
the gene encoding the enzyme responsible for the flavination of SDHA (SDHAF2 or hSDH5)
SDHAF2, required for flavination of SDHA
Pheochromocytoma-paraganglioma syndrome is caused by mutations in SDHB, SDHC, and SDHD, encoding subunits of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), and in SDHAF2, required for flavination of SDHA. 
At present, these are RET proto-oncogene, von Hippel-Lindau disease tumor suppressor gene (VHL), neurofibromatosis type 1 tumor suppressor gene (NF1), genes encoding the succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) complex subunits SDHB, SDHC, and SDHD, but also SDHA, the gene encoding the enzyme responsible for the flavination of SDHA (SDHAF2 or hSDH5), and the newly described TMEM127 and MAX tumor suppressor genes.
Pheochromocytoma-paraganglioma syndrome is caused by mutations in SDHB, SDHC, and SDHD, encoding subunits of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), and in SDHAF2, required for flavination of SDHA.
In a recent issue of Science, Rutter and coworkers showed that SDH5 is required for the flavination of SDHA, which is necessary for SDH assembly and function.
At present, these are RET proto-oncogene, von Hippel-Lindau disease tumor suppressor gene (VHL), neurofibromatosis type 1 tumor suppressor gene (NF1), genes encoding the succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) complex subunits SDHB, SDHC, and SDHD, but also SDHA, the gene encoding the enzyme responsible for the flavination of SDHA (SDHAF2 or hSDH5), and the newly described TMEM127 and MAX tumor suppressor genes
Pheochromocytoma-paraganglioma syndrome is caused by mutations in SDHB, SDHC, and SDHD, encoding subunits of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), and in SDHAF2, required for flavination of SDHA
CONTEXT: Pheochromocytoma-paraganglioma syndrome is caused by mutations in SDHB, SDHC, and SDHD, encoding subunits of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), and in SDHAF2, required for flavination of SDHA. 
This gene is co-expressed with a number of genes encoding mitochondrial proteins, including SDH1-1, and has low partial sequence similarity to human SDHAF2, a protein required for flavin-adenine dinucleotide (FAD) insertion into SDH. 

Answer: Yes, SDHAF2 or hSDH5, is the gene encoding the enzyme responsible for the flavination of SDHA.
Yes, SDHAF2 is required for flavination of SDHA.
Exact answer: yes
Question: Is the mouse Sry gene locus free of repetitive sequences?

Context:
We demonstrate that the presence of long inverted repeats (IR) flanking the mouse Sry gene leads to the formation of the Sry circular transcript in cultured cells
Circularization requires the presence of both IR. As few as 400 complementary nt are necessary for this process
The presence of the IR does not significantly stimulate intermolecular annealing and trans-splicing in vivo
We have found that in an in vitro assay, the SRY protein binds to several sites of the Sry gene and especially to a (CA)25 sequence and to a (CAG)30 repeat
The Q-rich domain of the mouse sex determining gene, Sry, is encoded by an in-frame insertion of a repetitive sequence composed of mostly CAG repeats.
Inverted repeat structure of the Sry locus in mice.
We performed separate amplifications of DXZ4 repetitive satellite sequences on the X chromosome, and SRY gene - testis determined factor on the Y chromosome, using nested PCR
Detailed analysis of the Sry genomic locus reveals a further difference in that the mouse Sry open reading frame lies within 2.8 kilobases of unique sequence at the center of a large inverted repeat. 
Detailed analysis of the Sry genomic locus reveals a further difference in that the mouse Sry open reading frame lies within 2.8 kilobases of unique sequence at the center of a large inverted repeat.
The mouse genomic Sry locus is characterized by two arms of a large inverted repeat, flanking a unique region that, between an acceptor and a donor splice site, contains a single exon encoding the Sry protein.
Recombination involving the repeat region may have led to an 11-kilobase deletion, precisely excising Sry in a line of XY female mice.
Repetitive element analysis revealed numerous LINE-L1 elements at regions where conservation is lost among the Sry copies.
Inverted repeat structure of the Sry locus in mice.

Answer: We demonstrate that the presence of long inverted repeats (IR) flanking the mouse Sry gene leads to the formation of the Sry circular transcript in cultured cells. We have found that in an in vitro assay, the SRY protein binds to several sites of the Sry gene and especially to a (CA)25 sequence and to a (CAG)30 repeat.
The presence of long inverted repeats (IR) flanking the mouse Sry gene leads to the formation of the Sry circular transcript in cultured cells.
We demonstrate that the presence of long inverted repeats (IR) flanking the mouse Sry gene leads to the formation of the Sry circular transcript in cultured cells Circularization requires the presence of both IR.
We demonstrate that the presence of long inverted repeats (IR) flanking the mouse Sry gene leads to the formation of the Sry circular transcript in cultured cells We have found that in an in vitro assay, the SRY protein binds to several sites of the Sry gene and especially to a (CA)25 sequence and to a (CAG)30 repeat
We demonstrate that the presence of long inverted repeats (IR) flanking the mouse Sry gene leads to the formation of the Sry circular transcript in cultured cells
Exact answer: no
Question: What is SCENAR therapy used for?

Context:
SCENAR therapy to patients with localized suppurative peritonitis in the postoperative period
post-herpetic neuralgia using a bioelectronical device (SCENAR)
All patients experienced substantial relief of pain from the first treatment.
An electronic biofeedback device (SCENAR) may be successfully utilized in the management of post-herpetic neuralgia.
A new technique of low-frequency modulated electric current therapy, SCENAR therapy, was used in treatment of 103 patients with duodenal ulcer (DU).
Addition of SCENAR therapy to the complex conventional pharmacotherapy fastened ulcer healing, increased the effectiveness of Helicobacter pylori eradication, and improved the condition of the gastroduodenal mucosa.
SCENAR) as effective in the treatment of neurogenic dysfunction of the bladder in children with nocturnal enuresis. 

Answer: all patients experienced substantial relief of pain from the first treatment. an electronic biofeedback device (scenar) may be successfully utilized in the management of post-herpetic neuralgia. scenar) as effective in the treatment of neurogenic dysfunction of the bladder in children with nocturnal enuresis. post-herpetic neuralgia using a bioelectronical device (scenar). addition of scenar therapy to the complex conventional pharmacotherapy fastened ulcer healing, increased the effectiveness of helicobacter pylori eradication, and improved the condition of the gastroduodenal mucosa. scenar therapy to patients with localized suppurative peritonitis in the postoperative period. a new technique of low-frequency modulated electric current therapy, scenar therapy, was used in treatment of 103 patients with duodenal ulcer (du). 
localized suppurative peritonitis in the postoperative period
management of post-herpetic neuralgia
treatment of 103 patients with duodenal ulcer
treatment of neurogenic dysfunction of the bladder in children with nocturnal enuresis
Exact answer: peritonitis postoperative, pain in postherpetic neuralgia, duodenal ulcer, nocturnal enuresis
Question: Which technique led to the elucidation of the role of HOXD10 in regulating lymphatic endothelial responses to VEGF-C?

Context:
DeepCAGE transcriptomics identify HOXD10 as a transcription factor regulating lymphatic endothelial responses to VEGF-C
DeepCAGE transcriptomics identify HOXD10 as a transcription factor regulating lymphatic endothelial responses to VEGF-C.
DeepCAGE transcriptomics identify HOXD10 as a transcription factor regulating lymphatic endothelial responses to VEGF-C.

Answer: DeepCAGE transcriptomics identify HOXD10 as a transcription factor regulating lymphatic endothelial responses to VEGF-C.
DeepCAGE transcriptomics identify HOXD10 as a transcription factor regulating lymphatic endothelial responses to VEGF-C
DeepCAGE transcriptomics identify HOXD10 as a transcription factor regulating lymphatic endothelial responses to VEGF-C. 
Exact answer: DeepCAGE
Question: Which agents are included in the FLAMSA chemotherapy regimen?

Context:
After 3 days of rest, RIC was carried out, consisting of 4 Gy total body irradiation, antithymocyte globulin (ATG-Fresenius), and cyclophosphamide (fludarabine, amsacrine, and cytarabine (FLAMSA)-RIC protocol).
We report a retrospective single center analysis of aplasia-inducing chemotherapy using fludarabine, cytarabine, and amsacrine (FLAMSA) followed by reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) for allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) in 62 consecutive primary refractory or relapsed AML patients.
A sequential regimen of cytoreductive chemotherapy (fludarabine, high-dose AraC, amsacrine) followed by reduced intensity conditioning (FLAMSA-RIC), was uniformly used for conditioning.
Between November 2003 and June 2010, 30 patients (20 high-risk MDS, 10 sAML) received fludarabine (4 × 30 mg/m(2)), amsacrine (4 × 100 mg/m(2)), and Ara-C (4 × 2 g/m(2), FLAMSA). 
The preparative regimen consisted of fludarabine, Ara-C and amsacrine (FLAMSA) chemotherapy, followed by reduced intensity conditioning (RIC) 3 days later. 
Fifteen patients received fludarabine 30 mg/m(2), cytarabine 2000 mg/m(2), amsacrine 100 mg/m(2) on days -10, -9, -8 and -7, anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG-Fresenius) 20 mg/kg body weight on days -6, -5 and -4 and fractionated total body irradiation 2 x 2 Gy on days -3, -2 and -1 (FLAMSA-ATG-TBI) before allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. 
The goal of this analysis was to define the role of the moderate-intensity fludarabin Ara-C amsacrin (FLAMSA)-reduced intensity conditioning (RIC) regimen for patients with high-risk AML undergoing allogeneic SCT (alloSCT) in first CR1. 
The goal of this analysis was to define the role of the moderate-intensity fludarabin Ara-C amsacrin (FLAMSA)-reduced intensity conditioning (RIC) regimen for patients with high-risk AML undergoing allogeneic SCT (alloSCT) in first CR1
The preparative regimen consisted of fludarabine, Ara-C and amsacrine (FLAMSA) chemotherapy, followed by reduced intensity conditioning (RIC) 3 days later
A sequential regimen of cytoreductive chemotherapy (fludarabine, high-dose AraC, amsacrine) followed by reduced intensity conditioning (FLAMSA-RIC), was uniformly used for conditioning
A sequential regimen of cytoreductive chemotherapy (fludarabine, high-dose AraC, amsacrine) followed by reduced intensity conditioning (FLAMSA-RIC), was uniformly used for conditioning
We report a retrospective single center analysis of aplasia-inducing chemotherapy using fludarabine, cytarabine, and amsacrine (FLAMSA) followed by reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) for allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) in 62 consecutive primary refractory or relapsed AML patients
The preparative regimen consisted of fludarabine, Ara-C and amsacrine (FLAMSA) chemotherapy, followed by reduced intensity conditioning (RIC) 3 days later

Answer: Fludarabine, cytarabine and amsacrine are included in the FLAMSA chemotherapy regimen.
Exact answer: fludarabine, cytarabine, amsacrine
Question: Is Prochlorococcus the most abundant photosynthetic organism?

Context:
The marine cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus is the smallest and most abundant photosynthetic organism on Earth.
The marine cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus is the numerically dominant photosynthetic organism in the oligotrophic oceans, and a model system in marine microbial ecology.
The marine cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus is the most abundant photosynthetic organism in oligotrophic regions of the oceans.
The oceanic picoplankton Prochlorococcus - probably the most abundant photosynthetic organism on our planet - can grow at great depths where light intensity is very low.

Answer: Yes, the marine cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus is the smallest and most abundant photosynthetic organism on Earth.
Exact answer: yes
Question: Is treatment resistant depression related to vitamin B9?

Context:
Suboptimal serum and red blood cell folate levels have been associated with a poorer response to antidepressant therapy, a greater severity of symptoms, later onset of clinical improvement, and overall treatment resistance. This article reviews the evidence for L-methylfolate and folic acid as antidepressive agents in depression and discusses their clinical use
Although further randomized controlled trials in this area appear warranted, SAMe and L-methylfolate may represent a useful addition to the AD armamentarium.
Patients with depression have consistently been found to have lower levels of serum and red blood cell folate than normal or nondepressed psychiatric patients. Decreased folate levels have been associated with lowered response rates to standard antidepressant pharmacotherapy. Recent studies have shown that augmentation with a folate supplement increases medication response in both treatment-naïve and treatment-resistant depressed patients irrespective of whether there is folate deficiency.
Depressed patients with both low and normal folate levels may benefit from augmenting a primary antidepressant medication either initially, at the onset of treatment, or later after some degree of treatment resistance has been recognized.
The results of this study suggest that intake of vitamin B9 may modulate the total score of Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and two subscales of the CES-D including depressive affect and interpersonal difficulties.
The results of this study suggest that intake of vitamin B9 may modulate the total score of Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and two subscales of the CES-D including depressive affect and interpersonal difficulties. 
This article reviews the metabolic and clinical importance of folate, vitamin B12, and SAMe, as well as clinical trials in relation to depression and dementia
In particular, vitamins B1, B3, B6, B9 and B12 are essential for neuronal function and deficiencies have been linked to depression.

Answer: Treatment with SAMe, as well as with various formulations of folates and analogues, appears to be efficacious and well tolerated in reducing depressive symptoms in treatment resistant depression.
Exact answer: yes
Question: What is the ubiquitin proteome?

Context:
Mass spectrometry now allows high throughput approaches for the identification of the thousands of ubiquitinated proteins and of their ubiquitination sites.
we used Tandem repeated Ubiquitin Binding Entities (TUBEs) under non-denaturing conditions followed by mass spectrometry analysis to study global ubiquitylation events that may lead to the identification of potential drug targets.
To study the ubiquitin proteome we have established an immunoaffinity purification method for the proteomic analysis of endogenously ubiquitinated protein complexes.

Answer: The ubiquitin proteome is the entire set ubiquitinated proteins and of their respective ubiquitination sites.
Exact answer: The ubiquitin proteome is the entire set ubiquitinated proteins and of their respective ubiquitination sites.