Question: How do septins contribute to cell asymmetry in fungi and animals?

Context:
["discover that septins, a component of the cytoskeleton, recognize membrane curvature at the micron scale, a common morphological hallmark of eukaryotic cellular processes.", "Septins are an evolutionarily conserved family of GTP-binding proteins. They are involved in diverse processes including cytokinesis, apoptosis, infection, neurodegeneration and neoplasia. ", "eptins are a family of cytoskeletal GTP-binding proteins that assemble into membrane-associated hetero-oligomers and organize scaffolds for recruitment of cytosolic proteins or stabilization of membrane proteins. Septins have been implicated in a diverse range of cancers, including gastric cancer, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. ", "nidulans septins contain the highly conserved GTP binding and coiled-coil domains seen in other septins.", "The septins: roles in cytokinesis and other processes.", "The septins are a novel family of proteins that were first recognized in yeast as proteins associated with the neck filaments.", "Septin9 is involved in septin filament formation and cellular stability.", "Here, we review these findings and discuss emerging mechanisms by which septins promote cell asymmetry in fungi and animals.<CopyrightInformation>\u00a9 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.</C", "These observations together with conserved sequence motifs identify the septins as members of the GTPase superfamily.", "BACKGROUND: Septins belong to the GTPase superclass of proteins and have been functionally implicated in cytokinesis and the maintenance of cellular morphology.", "Septins are important components of the cytoskeleton that are highly conserved in eukaryotes and play major roles in cytokinesis, patterning, and many developmental processes.", "The septins also appear to be involved in various other aspects of the organization of the cell surface.", "Septins are a family of eukaryotic GTP binding proteins conserved from yeasts to humans.", "Septins are a highly conserved family of GTP-binding proteins involved in multiple cellular functions, including cell division and morphogenesis.", "Septin proteins are conserved structural proteins that often demarcate regions of cell division.", "Septins are GTP-binding proteins that form filaments and higher-order structures on the cell cortex of eukaryotic cells and associate with actin and microtubule cytoskeletal networks.", "Septins are guanosine-5'-triphosphate-binding proteins involved in wide-ranging cellular processes including cytokinesis, vesicle trafficking, membrane remodelling and scaffolds, and with diverse binding partners", "Septins are a group of GTP-binding proteins that can organize into heteromeric complexes and then into large filaments. ", "Septins are a conserved family of GTPases that regulate important cellular processes such as cell wall integrity, and septation in fungi.", "Septins are a cytosolic GTP-binding protein family first characterized in yeast, but gaining increasing recognition as critical protagonists in higher eukaryotic cellular events. Mammalian septins have been associated with cytokinesis and exocytosis, along with contributing to the development of neurological disorder", "Septins are a family of proteins that assemble a ring structure at the mother-daughter neck during vegetative growth, where they control cytokinesis. ", "Septins are a class of GTP-binding proteins conserved throughout many eukaryotes. Individual septin subunits associate with one another and assemble into heteromeric complexes that form filaments and higher-order structures in vivo. ", "The septins are a conserved family of GTP-binding, filament-forming proteins. I", "The septins are filament-forming, GTP-binding proteins that are conserved from yeast to humans. Septins assemble into higher-order structures such as rings, bars, and gauzes with diverse functions including serving as membrane diffusion barriers and scaffolds for cell signaling. ", "Septins are a family of 14 cytoskeletal proteins that dynamically form hetero-oligomers and organize membrane microdomains for protein complexes", "Septins are highly conserved and essential eukaryotic cytoskeletal proteins that interact with the inner plasma membrane. They are involved in essential functions requiring cell membrane remodeling and compartmentalization, such as cell division and dendrite morphogenesis, and have been implicated in numerous diseases", "Septins are conserved GTP-binding proteins that assemble into heteromeric complexes that form filaments and higher-order structures in cells.", " Septins are members of a conserved family of GTPases found in organisms as diverse as budding yeast and mammal", "Septins are a family of conserved proteins that are essential for cytokinesis in a wide range of organisms including fungi, Drosophila and mammals.

Answer: Septins contribute to cell asymmetry in fungi and animals by promoting cell asymmetry through mechanisms that involve septin filament formation and cellular stability. These findings suggest that septins play a crucial role in establishing and maintaining cell polarity and asymmetry in various organisms.