nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
EXTENDED NARROW-LINE EMISSION IN THE BRIGHT SEYFERT 1.5 GALAXY HE 2211-3903

Extended narrow-line regions (ENLRs) and extended emission-line regions have been the focus of integral field spectroscopy aiming at the inner kiloparsecs of nearby Seyfert galaxies as well as the larger environment of high-redshift QSOs. Based on observations with the Wide Field Spectrograph at the 2.3 m telescope of the Australian National University, we present spatially resolved emission-line diagnostics of the bright Seyfert 1.5 galaxy HE 2211-3903 which is drawn from a sample of the brightest Seyfert galaxies at z < 0.06 with luminosities around the classical Seyfert/QSO demarcation. In addition to the previously known spiral arms of HE 2211-3903, the emission-line maps reveal a large-scale ring with a radius of about 6 kpc which is connected to the active galactic nucleus (AGN) through a bar-like structure. The overall gas kinematics indicates a disk rotation pattern. The emission-line ratios show Seyfert-type, H ii region-type, and composite classifications, while there is no strong evidence of LINER-type ratios. Shock ionization is likely to be negligible throughout the galaxy. The composite line ratios are explained via a mixing line between AGN and H ii region photoionization. Composite line ratios are predominantly found in between the H ii regions in the circum-nuclear region, the bar-like structure to the east of the nucleus, and the eastern half of the ring, suggesting AGN photoionization of the low-density interstellar medium in an ENLR on galaxy scales. The line ratios in the nucleus indicate N enrichment, which is discussed in terms of chemical enrichment by Wolf-Rayet and asymptotic giant branch stars during past and ongoing nuclear starburst activity.
Floquet spectrum and transport through an irradiated graphene ribbon.

Graphene subject to a spatially uniform, circularly polarized electric field supports a Floquet spectrum with properties akin to those of a topological insulator. The transport properties of this system, however, are complicated by the nonequilibrium occupations of the Floquet states. We address this by considering transport in a two-terminal ribbon geometry for which the leads have well-defined chemical potentials, with an irradiated central scattering region. We demonstrate the presence of edge states, which for infinite mass boundary conditions may be associated with only one of the two valleys. At low frequencies, the bulk dc conductivity near zero energy is shown to be dominated by a series of states with very narrow anticrossings, leading to superdiffusive behavior. For very long ribbons, a ballistic regime emerges in which edge state transport dominates.
Gravitino Dark Matter and Neutrino Masses in Partial Split Supersymmetry

Partial Split Supersymmetry with bilinear R-parity violation allows to reproduce all neutrino mass and mixing parameters. The viable dark matter candidate in this model is the gravitino. We study the hypothesis that both possibilities are true: Partial Split Supersymmetry explains neutrino physics and that dark matter is actually composed of gravitinos. Since the gravitino has a small but non-zero decay probability, its decay products could be observed in astrophysical experiments. Combining bounds from astrophysical photon spectra with the bounds coming from the mass matrix in the neutrino sector we derive a stringent upper limit for the allowed gravitino mass. This mass limit is in good agreement with the results of direct dark matter searches.
The nonlinear power spectrum in clustering quintessence cosmologies

We study the nonlinear evolution of density perturbations in cosmologies where the late-time accelerated expansion is driven by a quintessence field with vanishing speed of sound. For these models matter and quintessence perturbations are comoving and it is possible to write a single continuity equation for the total density fluctuations given by a weighted sum of the two components. Including the Euler equation for the common velocity field we solve the evolution equations for the nonlinear, total density power spectrum in the Time-Renormalization Group approach. In fact any cosmological observable is directly related by gravity only to the total density perturbations, with the two components being individually unobservable. We show that the clustering of quintessence perturbations induces small corrections with respect to the nonlinear evolution of power spectrum in smooth quintessence models described by the same equation of state. Such small corrections, however, contrast with the large effect of a vanishing speed of sound on the linear growth function at low redshift. For this reason, models with the same normalization of the linear density power spectrum can present significantly different nonlinear corrections depending on the value of the sound speed. Although such differences vanish in the w \rightarrow -1, {\Lambda}CDM limit, we argue that the relation between linear and nonlinear growth of structures should be properly taken into account in constraining models with inhomogeneous dark energy.
Entropy-based Classification of 'Retweeting' Activity on Twitter

Twitter is used for a variety of reasons, including informa- tion dissemination, marketing, political organizing and to spread propaganda, spamming, promotion, conversations, and so on. Characterizing these activities and categoriz- ing associated user generated content is a challenging task. We present a information-theoretic approach to classica- tion of user activity on Twitter. We focus on tweets that contain embedded URLs and study their collective 'retweet- ing' dynamics. We identify two features, time-interval and user entropy, which we use to classify retweeting activity. We achieve good separation of dierent activities using just these two features and are able to categorize content based on the collective user response it generates. We have identi- ed ve distinct categories of retweeting activity on Twitter: automatic/robotic activity, newsworthy information dissem- ination, advertising and promotion, campaigns, and para- sitic advertisement. In the course of our investigations, we have shown how Twitter can be exploited for promotional and spam-like activities. The content-independent, entropy- based activity classication method is computationally e- cient, scalable and robust to sampling and missing data. It has many applications, including automatic spam-detection, trend identication, trust management, user-modeling, so- cial search and content classication on online social media.
Light quark physics from lattice QCD

I review lattice calculations of quantities that involve light quarks, including light quark masses, the vector form factor f_+(0) needed for semileptonic kaon decays, and kaon mixing. Results for most of these quantities are now available from multiple groups. Averages of these results are presented, along with a discussion of the methodology behind the averaging procedure. Recent progress in calculations of K->pi pi matrix elements is also reviewed.
How supernova feedback turns dark matter cusps into cores

We propose and successfully test against new cosmological simulations a novel analytical description of the physical processes associated with the origin of cored dark matter density profiles. In the simulations, the potential in the central kiloparsec changes on sub-dynamical time-scales over the redshift interval 4 > z > 2, as repeated, energetic feedback generates large underdense bubbles of expanding gas from centrally concentrated bursts of star formation. The model demonstrates how fluctuations in the central potential irreversibly transfer energy into collisionless particles, thus generating a dark matter core. A supply of gas undergoing collapse and rapid expansion is therefore the essential ingredient. The framework, based on a novel impulsive approximation, breaks with the reliance on adiabatic approximations which are inappropriate in the rapidly changing limit. It shows that both outflows and galactic fountains can give rise to cusp flattening, even when only a few per cent of the baryons form stars. Dwarf galaxies maintain their core to the present time. The model suggests that constant density dark matter cores will be generated in systems of a wide mass range if central starbursts or active galactic nucleus phases are sufficiently frequent and energetic.
UV-protected (Natural) Inflation: Primordial Fluctuations and non-Gaussian Features

We consider the UV-protected inflation, where the inflaton potential is obtained by quantum (one-loop) breaking of a global symmetry into a discrete symmetry. In this model, all coupling scales are sub-Planckian. This is achieved by coupling the inflaton kinetic term to the Einstein tensor such that the friction is enhanced gravitationally at high energies. In this respect, this new interaction makes virtually any potential adequate for inflation while keeping the system perturbative unitary. We show that even if the gravitationally enhanced friction intrinsically contains new nonlinearities, the UV-protected inflation (and any similar models) behaves as a single field scenario with red tilted spectrum and potentially detectable gravitational waves. Interestingly enough, we find that non-Gaussianity of the curvature perturbations in the local form are completely dominated by the nonlinear gauge transformation from the spatially flat to uniform-field gauge and/or by parity violating interactions of the inflaton and gauge bosons. In particular, the parity violating interactions may produce detectable non-Gaussianity.
QCD trace anomaly

In this brief report we compare the predictions of a recent next-to-next-to-leading order hard-thermal-loop perturbation theory (HTLpt) calculation of the QCD trace anomaly to available lattice data. We focus on the trace anomaly scaled by T{sup 2} in two cases: N{sub f}=0 and N{sub f}=3. When using the canonical value of {mu}=2{pi}T for the renormalization scale, we find that for Yang-Mills theory (N{sub f}=0) agreement between HTLpt and lattice data for the T{sup 2}-scaled trace anomaly begins at temperatures on the order of 8T{sub c}, while treating the subtracted piece as an interaction term when including quarks (N{sub f}=3) agreement begins already at temperatures above 2T{sub c}. In both cases we find that at very high temperatures the T{sup 2}-scaled trace anomaly increases with temperature in accordance with the predictions of HTLpt.
Mid-IR-laser microscopy as a tool for defect investigation in bulk semiconductors

A non-destructive optical technique described in this paper is an effective new tool for the investigation of defects in semiconductors. The basic instrument for this technique—a mid-IR-laser microscope—being sensitive to accumulations of free carriers enables the study of both accumulations of electrically-active defects or impurities in bulk semiconductors and doped domains in semiconductor structures. The optical beam induced scattering mode of this microscope is designed for the investigation of recombination-active defects but unlike EBIC it requires neither Schottky barrier or p-n junction nor special preparation of samples.
Model of Opinion Spreading in Social Networks

We proposed a new model, which capture the main difference between information and opinion spreading. In information spreading additional exposure to certain information has a small effect. Contrary, when an actor is exposed to 2 opinioned actors the probability to adopt the opinion is significant higher than in the case of contact with one such actor (called by J. Kleinberg "the 0-1-2 effect"). In each time step if an actor does not have an opinion, we randomly choose 2 his network neighbors. If one of them has an opinion, the actor adopts opinion with some low probability, if two - with a higher probability. Opinion spreading was simulated on different real world social networks and similar random scale-free networks. The results show that small world structure has a crucial impact on tipping point time. The "0-1-2" effect causes a significant difference between ability of the actors to start opinion spreading. Actor is an influencer according to his topological position in the network.
Electromagnetic Corrections to the (\eta\rightarrow 3\pi) Neutral Decay

Sutherland's theorem dictates that the contribution of the electromagnetic interaction to the decay process (\eta\rightarrow 3\pi^{0}) is neglected with respect to the one coming from the difference between the up and down quark masses. In the framework of chiral perturbation theory including virtual photons, we calculated the main diagram concerning the exchange of a virtual photon between two intermediate charged pions. The correction induced by this diagram on the slope parameter amounts to (17%) of the correction induced by the pure strong interaction at one-loop level. If this result is maintained when considering all the diagrams at the chiral order we are working, we can say without any doubt that Sutherland's theorem is strongly violated. As a direct consequence, any determination of light quark masses from the present decay \textit{should} take into account the electromagnetic interaction.
Quantum Physics and Nanotechnology

Experimental studies of infinite (unrestricted at least in one direction) quantum particle motion using probe nanotechnologies have revealed the necessity of revising previous concepts of their motion. Particularly, quantum particles transfer quantum motion nonlocality energy beside classical kinetic energy, in other words, they are in two different kinds of motion simultaneously. The quantum component of the motion energy may be quite considerable under certain circumstances. Some new effects were predicted and proved experimentally in terms of this phenomenon. A new prototype refrigerating device was tested, its principle of operation being based on the effect of transferring the quantum component of the motion energy.
The Curious Case of Lemaitre's Equation No. 24

The 1927 discovery of the expansion of the Universe by Lemaitre was published in French in a low-impact journal. In the 1931 high-impact English translation of this article a critical equation was changed by omitting reference to what is now known as the Hubble constant. That the section of the text of this paper dealing with the expansion of the Universe was also deleted from that English translation suggests a deliberate omission by the unknown translator.
From Classical to Quantum Shannon Theory

The aim of this book is to develop "from the ground up" many of the major, exciting, pre- and post-millenium developments in the general area of study known as quantum Shannon theory. As such, we spend a significant amount of time on quantum mechanics for quantum information theory (Part II), we give a careful study of the important unit protocols of teleportation, super-dense coding, and entanglement distribution (Part III), and we develop many of the tools necessary for understanding information transmission or compression (Part IV). Parts V and VI are the culmination of this book, where all of the tools developed come into play for understanding many of the important results in quantum Shannon theory.
Latest results of the EDELWEISS-II experiment

The EDELWEISS-II collaboration has performed a direct search for WIMP dark matter with an array of ten 400-g heat-and-ionization cryogenic detectors equipped with Inter-Digit electrodes for the rejection of near-surface events. Results from one year of continuous operation at the Laboratoire Souterrain de Modane will be presented. A sensitivity to the spin-independent WIMP-nucleon elastic cross-section of 4.4x10^{-8} pb was achieved using a 384 kgd effective exposure. We also interpret the results in the inelastic scattering scenario, excluding the DAMA allowed region for WIMP masses greater than 90 GeV for a mass splitting of 120 keV. The results obtained demonstrate the excellent background rejection capabilities of these simple and robust detectors in an actual WIMP search experiment. Some first results with 800-g detectors will be also presented together with the prospects for this experiment and the ton-scale EURECA project.
Market efficiency, anticipation and the formation of bubbles-crashes

A dynamical model is introduced for the formation of a bullish or bearish trends driving an asset price in a given market. Initially, each agent decides to buy or sell according to its personal opinion, which results from the combination of its own private information, the public information and its own analysis. It then adjusts such opinion through the market as it observes sequentially the behavior of a group of random selection of other agents. Its choice is then determined by a local majority rule including itself. Whenever the selected group is at a tie, i.e., it is undecided on what to do, the choice is determined by the local group belief with respect to the anticipated trend at that time. These local adjustments create a dynamic that leads the market price formation. In case of balanced anticipations the market is found to be efficient in being successful to make the "right price" to emerge from the sequential aggregation of all the local individual informations which all together contain the fundamental value. However, when a leading optimistic belief prevails, the same efficient market mechanisms are found to produce a bullish dynamic even though most agents have bearish private informations. The market yields then a wider and wider discrepancy between the fundamental value and the market value, which in turn creates a speculative bubble. Nevertheless, there exists a limit in the growing of the bubble where private opinions take over again and at once invert the trend, originating a sudden bearish trend. Moreover, in the case of a drastic shift in the collective expectations, a huge drop in price levels may also occur extremely fast and puts the market out of control, it is a market crash.
Using galaxy–galaxy weak lensing measurements to correct the finger of God

For decades, cosmologists have been using galaxies to trace the large-scale distribution of matter. At present, the largest source of systematic uncertainty in this analysis is the challenge of modelling the complex relationship between galaxy redshift and the distribution of dark matter. If all galaxies sat in the centres of haloes, there would be minimal finger-of-God (FoG) effects and a simple relationship between the galaxy and matter distributions. However, many galaxies, even some of the luminous red galaxies (LRGs), do not lie in the centres of haloes. Because the galaxy–galaxy lensing is also sensitive to the off-centred galaxies, we show that we can use the lensing measurements to determine the amplitude of this effect and to determine the expected amplitude of FoG effects. We develop an approach for using the lensing data to model how the FoG suppresses the power spectrum amplitudes and show that the current data imply a 30 per cent suppression at wavenumber k = 0.2  h  Mpc−1. Our analysis implies that it is important to complement a spectroscopic survey with an imaging survey with sufficient depth and wide field coverage. Joint imaging and spectroscopic surveys allow a robust, unbiased use of the power spectrum amplitude information: it improves the marginalized error of growth rate fg≡ d ln   D/d ln   a by up to a factor of 2 over a wide range of redshifts z < 1.4. We also find that the dark energy equation-of-state parameter, w0, and the neutrino mass, fν, can be unbiasedly constrained by combining the lensing information, with an improvement of 10–25 per cent compared to a spectroscopic survey without lensing calibration.
Tunable superfluidity and quantum magnetism with ultracold polar molecules.

By selecting two dressed rotational states of ultracold polar molecules in an optical lattice, we obtain a highly tunable generalization of the t-J model, which we refer to as the t-J-V-W model. In addition to XXZ spin exchange, the model features density-density interactions and density-spin interactions; all interactions are dipolar. We show that full control of all interaction parameters in both magnitude and sign can be achieved independently of each other and of the tunneling. As a first step towards demonstrating the potential of the system, we apply the density matrix renormalization group method to obtain the 1D phase diagram of the simplest experimentally realizable case. Specifically, we show that the tunability and the long-range nature of the interactions in the t-J-V-W model enable enhanced superfluidity. Finally, we show that Bloch oscillations in a tilted lattice can be used to probe the phase diagram experimentally.
Dirac gauginos: a user manual

The issue of a Majorana, Dirac or pseudo‐Dirac mass for gauginos must not be reduced to a question of an extension of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model by extra states, parameters and phenomenological implications. On the contrary, it is intimately related to the fundamental issue of the realization of new symmetries in nature, R‐symmetries. We present here a very dense compilation of the main features of models with (pseudo‐)Dirac gauginos.
Quantum magnetism with polar alkali-metal dimers

We show that dipolar interactions between ultracold polar alkali-metal dimers in optical lattices can be used to realize a highly tunable generalization of the t-J model, which we refer to as the t-J -V -W model. The model features long-range spin-spin interactions Jz and J⊥ of XXZ type, long-range density-density interaction V ,a nd long-range density-spin interaction W , all of which can be controlled in both magnitude and sign independently of each other and of the tunneling t. The “spin” is encoded in the rotational degree of freedom of the molecules, while the interactions are controlled by applied static electric and continuous-wave microwave fields. Furthermore, we show that nuclear spins of the molecules can be used to implement an additional (orbital) degree of freedom that is coupled to the original rotational degree of freedom in a tunable way. The presented system is expected to exhibit exotic physics and to provide insights into strongly correlated phenomena in condensed-matter systems. Realistic experimental imperfections are discussed.
Photon propagation in a cold axion background with and without magnetic field

A cold relic axion condensate resulting from vacuum misalignment in the early universe oscillates with a frequency m, where m is the axion mass. We determine the properties of photons propagating in a simplified version of such a background where the sinusoidal variation is replaced by a square wave profile. We prove that previous results that indicated that charged particles moving fast in such a background radiate, originally derived assuming that all momenta involved were much larger than m, hold for long wavelengths too. We also analyze in detail how the introduction of a magnetic field changes the properties of photon propagation in such a medium. We briefly comment on possible astrophysical implications of these results.
Scalar-tensor theories of gravity: validity of the cosmic no-hair conjecture

This paper deals with the cosmic no-hair conjecture for anisotropic Bianchi models in the scalar-tensor theory of gravity. Herein, we have considered both the Jordan frame and the Einstein frame to describe the scalar-tensor theory of gravity and examine the conjecture. In the Jordan frame, one should restrict both the coupling function of the scalar field and the coupling parameter, in addition to the usual energy conditions for the matter field, to maintain the validity of the cosmic no-hair conjecture, while in the Einstein frame, the restrictions are purely on the energy conditions.
Ticket Entailment is decidable

We prove the decidability of the logic T→ of Ticket Entailment. This issue was first raised by Anderson and Belnap within the framework of relevance logic, and is equivalent to the question of the decidability of type inhabitation in simply typed combinatory logic with the partial basis BB′IW. We solve the equivalent problem of type inhabitation for the restriction of simply typed lambda calculus to hereditarily right-maximal terms.