nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
On the Fundamental Limits of Recovering Tree Sparse Vectors From Noisy Linear Measurements

Recent breakthrough results in compressive sensing (CS) have established that many high dimensional signals can be accurately recovered from a relatively small number of non-adaptive linear observations, provided that the signals possess a sparse representation in some basis. Subsequent efforts have shown that the performance of CS can be improved by exploiting additional structure in the locations of the nonzero signal coefficients during inference or by utilizing some form of data-dependent adaptive measurement focusing during the sensing process. To the best of our knowledge, our own previous work was the first to establish the potential benefits that can be achieved when fusing the notions of adaptive sensing and structured sparsity. In that work, we examined the task of support recovery from noisy linear measurements, and established that an adaptive sensing strategy specifically tailored to signals that are tree-sparse can significantly outperform adaptive and non-adaptive sensing strategies that are agnostic to the underlying structure. In this paper, we establish fundamental performance limits for the task of support recovery of tree-sparse signals from noisy measurements, in settings where measurements may be obtained either non-adaptively (using a randomized Gaussian measurement strategy motivated by initial CS investigations) or by any adaptive sensing strategy. Our main results here imply that the adaptive tree sensing procedure analyzed in our previous work is nearly optimal, in the sense that no other sensing and estimation strategy can perform fundamentally better for identifying the support of tree-sparse signals.
Joint estimation of sparse multivariate regression and conditional graphical models

Multivariate regression model is a natural generalization of the classical univari- ate regression model for ?tting multiple responses. In this paper, we propose a high- dimensional multivariate conditional regression model for constructing sparse estimates of the multivariate regression coe?cient matrix that accounts for the dependency struc- ture among the multiple responses. The proposed method decomposes the multivariate regression problem into a series of penalized conditional log-likelihood of each response conditioned on the covariates and other responses. It allows simultaneous estimation of the sparse regression coe?cient matrix and the sparse inverse covariance matrix. The asymptotic selection consistency and normality are established for the diverging dimension of the covariates and number of responses. The e?ectiveness of the pro- posed method is also demonstrated in a variety of simulated examples as well as an application to the Glioblastoma multiforme cancer data.
Structure Based Extended Resolution for Constraint Programming

Nogood learning is a powerful approach to reducing search in Constraint Programming (CP) solvers. The current state of the art, called Lazy Clause Generation (LCG), uses resolution to derive nogoods expressing the reasons for each search failure. Such nogoods can prune other parts of the search tree, producing exponential speedups on a wide variety of problems. Nogood learning solvers can be seen as resolution proof systems. The stronger the proof system, the faster it can solve a CP problem. It has recently been shown that the proof system used in LCG is at least as strong as general resolution. However, stronger proof systems such as \emph{extended resolution} exist. Extended resolution allows for literals expressing arbitrary logical concepts over existing variables to be introduced and can allow exponentially smaller proofs than general resolution. The primary problem in using extended resolution is to figure out exactly which literals are useful to introduce. In this paper, we show that we can use the structural information contained in a CP model in order to introduce useful literals, and that this can translate into significant speedups on a range of problems.
On the Time Spent in the Red by a Refracted Lévy Risk Process

In this paper we introduce an insurance ruin model with an adaptive premium rate, henceforth referred to as restructuring/refraction, in which classical ruin and bankruptcy are distinguished. In this model the premium rate is increased as soon as the wealth process falls into the red zone and is brought back to its regular level when the wealth process recovers. The analysis is focused mainly on the time a refracted Lévy risk process spends in the red zone (analogous to the duration of the negative surplus). Building on results from [11] and [16], we identify the distribution of various functionals related to occupation times of refracted spectrally negative Lévy processes. For example, these results are used to compute both the probability of bankruptcy and the probability of Parisian ruin in this model with restructuring.
Charmonium Exotic States

In this thesis, the QCD sum rules approach has been used to study the nature of the following charmonium resonances: Y(3930), Y(4140), X(4350), Y(4260), Y(4360) and Y(4660). There is a strong evidence that these states have non-conventional (or exotic) hadronic structures since their respective masses and decay channels observed experimentally are inconsistent with expected for a conventional charmonium state. The same phenomenon occurs on the bottomonium sector, where new states like Yb(10890) and Yb(11020) observed recently could indicate the existence of new bottomonium exotic states. In this way, one verifies that the Y(4140) state could be described as a D*sD*s (0++) molecular state or even as a mixture of D*sD*s (0++) and D*D* (0++) molecular states. For the Y(3930) and X(4350) states, both cannot be described as a D*D* (0++) and D*sD*s0 (1-+), respectively. From the sum rule point of view, the Y(4660) state could be described as a \psi' f0(980) molecular state. The extension to the bottomonium sector is done in a straightforward way to demonstrate that the \Upsilon' f0(980) molecular state is a good candidate for describing the structure of the Yb(10890) state. In the following, one estimates the mass of the exotic Bc-like molecular states using the sum rule approach, where these new exotic states would correspond to bound states of D(*) and B(*) mesons. All of these mass predictions could (or not) be checked in a near future experiments at LHC. A large study using the Double Ratio of Sum Rules approach has been evaluated for studying the heavy baryon masses in QCD. The obtained results for the unobserved heavy baryons, with one (Qqq) and two (QQq) heavy quarks will be an excellent test for the capability of the sum rule approach in predicting their masses.
Scale of dark QCD

Most of the mass of ordinary matter has its origin from quantum chromodynamics (QCD). A similar strong dynamics, dark QCD, could exist to explain the mass origin of dark matter. Using infrared fixed points of the two gauge couplings, we provide a dynamical mechanism that relates the dark QCD confinement scale to our QCD scale, and hence provides an explanation for comparable dark baryon and proton masses. Together with a mechanism that generates equal amounts of dark baryon and ordinary baryon asymmetries in the early Universe, the similarity of dark matter and ordinary matter energy densities can be naturally explained. For a large class of gauge group representations, the particles charged under both QCD and dark QCD, necessary ingredients for generating the infrared fixed points, are found to have masses at 1-2 TeV, which sets the scale for dark matter direct detection and novel collider signatures involving visible and dark jets.
Radar Cross Section of Moving Objects

I investigate the effects of movement on radar cross section calculations. The results show that relativistic effects (the constant velocity case) can change the RCS of moving targets by changing the incident plane wave field vectors. As in the Doppler effect, the changes in the fields are proportional to $\frac{v}{c}$. For accelerated objects, using the Newtonian equations of motion yields an effective electric field (or effective current density) on the object due to the finite mass of the conducting electrons. The results indicate that the magnetic moment of an accelerated object is different from that of an un-accelerated object, and this difference can change the RCS of the object. Results for moving sphere and non-uniformly rotating sphere are given and compared with static (\textbf{v}=0) case.
The sedimentation of flexible filaments

The dynamics of a flexible filament sedimenting in a viscous fluid are explored analytically and numerically. Compared with the well-studied case of sedimenting rigid rods, the introduction of filament compliance is shown to cause a significant alteration in the long-time sedimentation orientation and filament geometry. A model is developed by balancing viscous, elastic and gravitational forces in a slender-body theory for zero-Reynolds-number flows, and the filament dynamics are characterized by a dimensionless elasto-gravitation number. Filaments of both non-uniform and uniform cross-sectional thickness are considered. In the weakly flexible regime, a multiple-scale asymptotic expansion is used to obtain expressions for filament translations, rotations and shapes. These are shown to match excellently with full numerical simulations. Furthermore, we show that trajectories of sedimenting flexible filaments, unlike their rigid counterparts, are restricted to a cloud whose envelope is determined by the elasto-gravitation number. In the highly flexible regime we show that a filament sedimenting along its long axis is susceptible to a buckling instability. A linear stability analysis provides a dispersion relation, illustrating clearly the competing effects of the compressive stress and the restoring elastic force in the buckling process. The instability travels as a wave along the filament opposite the direction of gravity as it grows and the predicted growth rates are shown to compare favourably with numerical simulations. The linear eigenmodes of the governing equation are also studied, which agree well with the finite-amplitude buckled shapes arising in simulations.
Some Properties of Bilayer Graphene Nanoribbons

In this work the tight binding model calculations are carried out for AA-Bilayer Graphene nanoribbons as an example of bilayer systems. The effects of edges, NNN hopping, and impurities of a single layer are introduced numerically as a change in the elements of the relevant block diagonal matrix appearing in the direct diagonalization method. The direct interlayer hopping between the top and the bottom single layers is constructed in the generalized direct diagonalization method by the off-diagonal block matrices in which the strength of the interlayer hopping is included.
Penetration Testing == POMDP Solving?

Testing is a methodology for assessing network security, by generating and executing possible attacks. Doing so automatically allows for regular and systematic testing without a prohibitive amount of human labor. A key question then is how to generate the attacks. This is naturally formulated as a planning problem. Previous work (Lucangeli et al. 2010) used classical planning and hence ignores all the incomplete knowledge that characterizes hacking. More recent work (Sarraute et al. 2011) makes strong independence assumptions for the sake of scaling, and lacks a clear formal concept of what the attack planning problem actually is. Herein, we model that problem in terms of partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDP). This grounds penetration testing in a well-researched formalism, highlighting important aspects of this problem's nature. POMDPs allow to model information gathering as an integral part of the problem, thus providing for the first time a means to intelligently mix scanning actions with actual exploits.
How many-body effects modify the van der Waals interaction between graphene sheets

Undoped-graphene (Gr) sheets at low temperatures are known, via random-phase-approximation (RPA) calculations, to exhibit unusual van derWaals (vdW) forces. Here, we show that graphene is the first known system where effects beyond the RPA within each interacting subsystem make qualitative changes to the vdW force, observable via its local exponent d logƞ=d logĞ. For large separations D ? 10 nm, where only the pz vdW forces remain, we find that the Gr-Gr vdW interaction is substantially reduced from the RPA prediction. Its D dependence is very sensitive to the form of the long-wavelength, in-plane many-body enhancement of the velocity of the massless Dirac fermions and may provide independent confirmation of the latter via direct force measurements. The simple connection that we expose is a strong motivation for further refinement of recent successful direct vdW force easurements.
Beam Dynamics Design of the Main Accelerating Section with KONUS in the CSR-LINAC Proposal

The CSR-LINAC injector has been proposed in Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL). The linac mainly consists of two parts, the RFQ and the IH-DTL. The KONUS (Kombinierte Null Grad Struktur) concept has been introduced to the DTL section. In this paper, the re-matching of the main accelerating section will be finished in the 3.7 MeV/u scheme and the new beam dynamics design to 7 MeV/u will be shown. Through the beam re-matching, the relative emittance growth has been suppressed greatly along the linac.
Pinning Consensus in Networks of Multiagents via a Single Impulsive Controller

In this paper, we discuss pinning consensus in networks of multiagents via impulsive controllers. In particular, we consider the case of using only one impulsive controller. We provide a sufficient condition to pin the network to a prescribed value. It is rigorously proven that in case the underlying graph of the network has spanning trees, the network can reach consensus on the prescribed value when the impulsive controller is imposed on the root with appropriate impulsive strength and impulse intervals. Interestingly, we find that the permissible range of the impulsive strength completely depends on the left eigenvector of the graph Laplacian corresponding to the zero eigenvalue and the pinning node we choose. The impulses can be very sparse, with the impulsive intervals being lower bounded. Examples with numerical simulations are also provided to illustrate the theoretical results.
Weak value expansion of quantum operators and its application in stochastic matrices

It is shown that any Hermitian operator can be expanded in terms of a set of operators formed from biorthogonal basis, and the expansion coefficients are given as products of weight functions and weak values, shedding a new light on the physical interpretation of the weak value. The utility of our approach is showcased with examples of spin one-half and spin one systems, where irreversible subset of stochastic matrices describing projective measurement on a mixed state is identified.
Evolution of Correlation Structure of Industrial Indices of US Equity Markets

We investigate the dynamics of correlations present between pairs of industry indices of U.S. stocks traded in U.S. markets by studying correlation-based networks and spectral properties of the correlation matrix. The study is performed by using 49 industry index time series computed by K. French and E. Fama during the time period from July 1969 to December 2011, which spans more than 40 years. We show that the correlation between industry indices presents both a fast and a slow dynamics. The slow dynamics has a time scale longer than 5 years, showing that a different degree of diversification of the investment is possible in different periods of time. Moreover, we also detect a fast dynamics associated with exogenous or endogenous events. The fast time scale we use is a monthly time scale and the evaluation time period is a 3-month time period. By investigating the correlation dynamics monthly, we are able to detect two examples of fast variations in the first and second eigenvalue of the correlation matrix. The first occurs during the dot-com bubble (from March 1999 to April 2001) and the second occurs during the period of highest impact of the subprime crisis (from August 2008 to August 2009).
Route from spontaneous decay to complex multimode dynamics in cavity QED

We study the non-Markovian quantum dynamics of an emitter inside an open multimode cavity, focusing on the case where the emitter is resonant with high-frequency cavity modes. Based on a Green's-function technique suited for open photonic structures, we study the crossovers between three distinct regimes as the coupling strength is gradually increased: (i) overdamped decay with a time scale given by the Purcell modified decay rate, (ii) underdamped oscillations with a time scale given by the effective vacuum Rabi frequency, and (iii) pulsed revivals. The final multimode strong-coupling regime (iii) gives rise to quantum revivals of the atomic inversion on a time scale associated with the cavity round-trip time. We show that the crucial parameter to capture the crossovers between these regimes is the nonlinear Lamb shift, accounted for exactly in our formalism.
Distribution of the smallest eigenvalue in the correlated Wishart model.

Wishart random matrix theory is of major importance for the analysis of correlated time series. The distribution of the smallest eigenvalue for Wishart correlation matrices is particularly interesting in many applications. In the complex and in the real case, we calculate it exactly for arbitrary empirical eigenvalues, i.e., for fully correlated Gaussian Wishart ensembles. To this end, we derive certain dualities of matrix models in ordinary space. We thereby completely avoid the otherwise unsurmountable problem of computing a highly nontrivial group integral. Our results are compact and much easier to handle than previous ones. Furthermore, we obtain a new universality for the distribution of the smallest eigenvalue on the proper local scale.
Stiff directed lines in random media.

We investigate the localization of stiff directed lines with bending energy by a short-range random potential. We apply perturbative arguments, Flory scaling arguments, a variational replica calculation, and functional renormalization to show that a stiff directed line in 1+d dimensions undergoes a localization transition with increasing disorder for d>2/3. We demonstrate that this transition is accessible by numerical transfer matrix calculations in 1+1 dimensions and analyze the properties of the disorder-dominated phase in detail. On the basis of the two-replica problem, we propose a relation between the localization of stiff directed lines in 1+d dimensions and of directed lines under tension in 1+3d dimensions, which is strongly supported by identical free-energy distributions. This shows that pair interactions in the replicated Hamiltonian determine the nature of directed line localization transitions with consequences for the critical behavior of the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation. We support the proposed relation to directed lines via multifractal analysis, revealing an analogous Anderson transition-like scenario and a matching correlation length exponent. Furthermore, we quantify how the persistence length of the stiff directed line is reduced by disorder.
Effects of Berry curvature on the collective modes of ultracold gases.

Topological energy bands have important geometrical properties described by the Berry curvature. We show that the Berry curvature changes the hydrodynamic equations of motion for a trapped Bose-Einstein condensate, and causes significant modifications to the collective mode frequencies. We illustrate our results for the case of two-dimensional Rashba spin-orbit coupling in a Zeeman field. Using an operator approach, we derive the effects of Berry curvature on the dipole mode in very general settings. We show that the sizes of these effects can be large and readily detected in experiment. Collective modes therefore provide a sensitive way to measure geometrical properties of energy bands.
Prediction of thermomagnetic and thermoelectric properties for novel materials and systems

We express the link between conductivity and coefficients of Seebeck, Nernst-Ettingshausen, Peltier, and Thompson and Reghi-Leduc via the temperature derivative of the chemical potential of a system. These general expressions are applied to three-, two- and one-dimensional systems of charge carriers having a parabolic or Dirac spectrum. The method allows for predicting thermoelectric and thermomagnetic properties of novel materials and systems.
Scaling forms for relaxation times of the fiber bundle model.

Using extensive numerical analysis of the fiber bundle model with equal load sharing dynamics we studied the finite-size scaling forms of the relaxation times against the deviations of applied load per fiber from the critical point. Our most crucial result is we have not found any ln(N) dependence of the average relaxation time in the precritical state. The other results are as follows: (i) The critical load σ(c)(N) for the bundle of size N approaches its asymptotic value σ(c)(∞) as σ(c)(N)=σ(c)(∞)+AN(-1/ν). (ii) Right at the critical point the average relaxation time scales with the bundle size N as ~N(η) and this behavior remains valid within a small window of size |Δσ|~N(-ζ) around the critical point. (iii) When 1/N<|Δσ|<100N(-ζ) the finite-size scaling takes the form /N(η)~G[{σ(c)(N)-σ}N(ζ)] so in the limit of N→∞ one has ~(σ-σ(c))(-τ). The high precision of our numerical estimates led us to verify that ν=3/2, conjecture that η=1/3, ζ=2/3, and, therefore, τ=1/2.
Fluctuation-electrodynamic theory and dynamics of heat transfer in systems of multiple dipoles

A general fluctuation-electrodynamic theory is developed to investigate radiative heat exchanges between 
objects that are assumed to be small compared with their thermal wavelength (dipolar approximation) in N-body 
systems immersed in a thermal bath. This theoretical framework is applied to study the dynamic of heating or 
cooling of three-body systems. We show that many-body interactions allow us to tailor the temperature field 
distribution and to drastically change the time scale of thermal relaxation processes.
Bose-Einstein Condensation on a Manifold with Nonnegative Ricci Curvature

The Bose-Einstein condensation for an ideal Bose gas and for a dilute weakly interacting Bose gas in a manifold with nonnegative Ricci curvature is investigated using the heat kernel and eigenvalue estimates of the Laplace operator. The main focus is on the nonrelativistic gas. However, special relativistic ideal gas is also discussed. The thermodynamic limit of the heat kernel and eigenvalue estimates is taken and the results are used to derive bounds for the depletion coefficient. In the case of a weakly interacting gas Bogoliubov approximation is employed. The ground state is analyzed using heat kernel methods and finite size effects on the ground state energy are proposed. The justification of the c-number substitution on a manifold is given.