Query: vocal fry

title: Prevalence of vocal fry in young adult male American English speakers.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to assess possible gender differences in the prevalence of vocal fry in the voices of young male college students. Results were compared with previously published findings derived from a matched sample of female speakers. Thirty four male college students, native American English speakers, produced speech samples in two speaking conditions: (1) sustained isolated vowel /a/ and (2) reading task. Data analyses included perceptual evaluations by two licensed speech language pathologists. Results showed that vocal fry was perceived significantly more frequently in sentences than in isolated vowel productions. When vocal fry occurred in sentences, it was detected significantly more often in sentence final position than in initial and/or mid sentence position. Furthermore, the prevalence of vocal fry in sentences was significantly lower for male speakers than has previously been reported for female speakers. Possible physiological and sociolinguistic explanations are discussed.

title: Laryngealized Phonation 'Vocal Fry' in Speakers of New Zealand English: Two Contrastive Case Studies
abstract: Laryngealized phonation, also known as glottalized phonation or vocal fry, has recently received increased research attention as it represents a socio phonetic marker that characterizes young urban women's speech. So far, all studies have focussed on speakers of American English and it has been shown that college aged female students make use of laryngealized phonation in particular to mark the end of sentences. The present study is the first to investigate speakers of New Zealand English to determine whether laryngealized phonation is also a feature of the New Zealand variant of English and to identify possible functional aspects of laryngealized phonation.

title: Heard but Misunderstood: Understanding Negative Reactions to Female Vocal Fry
abstract: Vocal fry occurs when an individual drops the fundamental frequency of their voice below its normal register and emits a low, growly, creaky tone of voice. Vocal fry, or creaky voice, has been widely acknowledged by media outlets as the generational voicing of millennial women. As a female specific vocal pattern, it is often compared to valley girl speak (adding 'like' superfluously) or upspeak (assertion delivered with a question's intonation) Like 'like' ing and upspeak, vocal fry is often derided by cultural critics, such as NPR's Bob Garfield, who in a recent interview on Slate magazine's language blog called the phenomenon "annoying, I mean, really annoying," "vulgar," and "repulsive."  Garfield's sentiments echo reactions discussed in other national media such as The Atlantic  and This American Life [7] Critics of fry often emphasize that it is an exclusively female vocal pattern, and some, such as those calling recently to complain to This American Life about female reporters frying [7] say the voicing is so distracting that they cannot process the semantic content of the speech act associated with it. In this paper, we use sociolinguistics and contemporary philosophical theories of speech acts to develop a framework for understanding this pattern of reaction to vocal fry. We argue that when fry is heard as annoying and distracting, it is because the hearer interprets the speaker as echoing an utterance from a position of authority to which she is not entitled. We suggest that this reaction, coupled with the

title: Habitual use of vocal fry in young adult female speakers.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the use of vocal fry in young adult Standard American English (SAE) speakers. This was a preliminary attempt (1) to determine the prevalence of the use of this register in young adult college aged American speakers and (2) to describe the acoustic characteristics of vocal fry in these speakers. Subjects were 34 female college students. They were native SAE speakers aged 18 25 years. Data collection procedures included high quality recordings of two speaking conditions, (1) sustained isolated vowel /a/ and (2) sentence reading task. Data analyses included both perceptual and acoustic evaluations. Results showed that approximately two thirds of this population used vocal fry and that it was most likely to occur at the end of sentences. In addition, statistically significant differences between vocal fry and normal register were found for mean F(0) minimum, F(0) maximum, F(0) range, and jitter local. Preliminary findings were taken to suggest that use of the vocal fry register may be common in some adult SAE speakers.

title: Obligatory Vocal Fry and Its Effects on the Voice

title: Vowel Quality and Sound Context of Vocal Fry

title: Perceptions of the Effects of Vocal Fry on Aspirational Careers in Prospective Job Markets

title: The Effects of Conversational Priming on Vocal Fry Use in College Aged Female Students

title: Totally FriedWhat do you need to know about vocal fry? Speech language pathologists and a linguist weigh in on where cultural influence ends and clinical intervention begins.

title: An Examination of Vocal Fry as a Feminine Identity Marker