Query: trace nimeral cattle

title: Trace element concentrations in horn: Endogenous levels in keratin and susceptibility to exogenous contamination.
abstract: As a recorder containing both physiological and environmental information, keratinized tissues, such as hair and feather, can be used to reveal geographical information, to monitor the exposure to pollutants, and to reconstruct dietary history. However, trace element analysis of keratinized tissues is complicated by the lack of reference endogenous ranges of trace element and the lack of understanding of the susceptibility of each element to exogenous contamination. The interior of animal horn is the cleanest of all keratinized tissues with minimum exogenous contamination because of its large size. Thus, the trace element concentrations in horn interior samples can provide reliable endogenous concentration ranges. Here we measured the concentrations of trace elements in horn interior samples of cattle and wild animals, which we propose to be used as the reference ranges for endogenous levels of trace elements in keratin. We calculated the enrichment factors of 30 trace elements in horn interior samples relative to the continental crust, which we considered the average exogenous contamination. We compared the ranges of elemental concentrations measured in horn interior samples, in the order of decreasing enrichment factor, to their reference ranges in hair, fingernails, and toenails, as well as their concentrations in caprine horns. Such comparison validates the use of the enrichment factor as an indicator of the susceptibility of an element to contamination: an element with a high enrichment factor is generally less likely to be affected by contamination and vice versa.

title: Effects of maternal supplementation with an injectable trace mineral on subsequent calf performance and inflammatory response.
abstract: Newly weaned, commercial Angus steers [body weight (BW) 204 19 kg; n 24; 12 steers from dams administered an injectable trace mineral (MM; Mulimin90) and 12 steers from control (CON) dams] were utilized to determine the effects of maternal supplementation with an injectable trace mineral on the inflammatory response of subsequent steers subjected to a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge at the initiation of a 42 d receiving period. On d 2 steers were weaned, and the following day, shipped 354 km to the Beef Cattle and Sheep Field Laboratory in Urbana, IL. On d 0, steers were administered an intravenous LPS challenge. Body temperature and blood samples were collected from steers prior to LPS administration (0 h) and again at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 h. Blood samples were analyzed for trace mineral and cortisol at 0 and 2 h and glucose, insulin, LPS binding protein (LBP) interleukin 1b (IL 1b) interleukin 6 (IL 6) haptoglobin, ceruloplasmin, and fibrinogen at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 h. Calf BW was collected at trial initiation and subsequently every 14 d. Dry matter intake was collected daily and average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency were assessed. Initial plasma Zn tended (P 0.06) to be greater for MM steers. However, there was no difference (P 0.31) in trace mineral status or serum cortisol at any other time. Total area under the curve (TAUC) for body temperature was lesser (P 0.01) for MM steers. Basal LBP concentrations and TAUC for LBP tended (P 0.10) to be greater for MM steers. Peak concentration of IL 6 tended (P 0.09) to be reached earlier for CON steers. However, there was no difference (P 0.11) in glucose, insulin, IL 6, ceruloplasmin, haptoglobin, and fibrinogen concentrations between treatments. Calf performance and feed efficiency did not differ (P 0.17) between treatments except ADG from d 28 42, which was greater (P 0.03) for CON steers. Maternal supplementation with an injectable trace mineral tended to improve steer plasma Zn status at 0 h and tended to increase basal concentrations of LBP and overall LBP production when steers were administered an LPS challenge. Additionally, MM steers exhibited a more favorable change in body temperature following LPS administration. However, injectable trace mineral supplementation of dams during gestation had minimal to no effect on cytokine and acute phase protein concentrations, as well as overall calf performance and efficiency during a 42 d receiving period.

title: Influence of stress induction on trace mineral homeostasis and metabolism in ruminants
abstract: Cattle are exposed to stressors throughout the production cycle, many of which occur simultaneously. These stressors may include weaning, transportation, vaccination, and arrival into the feedlot which can be associated with co mingling, as well as adaptation to dietary changes. Furthermore, these factors can create numerous challenges in terms of supplying adequate trace mineral nutrition to cattle, as these periods are also associated with decreased feed intake, which can further exacerbate a trace mineral deficiency. However, there is limited understanding of how stress impacts trace mineral homeostasis in the ruminant. Thus, by improving our understanding of alterations to trace mineral homeostasis in the presence of stress it may be possible to develop strategic trace mineral supplementation strategies to improve animal efficiency. Stress is a broad term that can be experimentally induced by several methodologies including, but not limited to, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge, and feed and/or water restriction. The overall goal of this research was to evaluate the response to stress induction in ruminants with either differing trace mineral statuses or receiving differing trace mineral supplementation strategies. The first experiment sought to understand how ACTH challenge would affect the absorption and retention of trace minerals, in lambs receiving a moderately Zn deplete diet or the same diet with supplemental Zn. The results suggested ACTH may negatively impact Zn apparent absorption, regardless of Zn status of the animal. Furthermore, it was shown that ACTH administration can alter plasma Zn status of the animal; collectively, these data suggest that Zn metabolism is altered in response to stress in ruminants. The second trial sought to understand if Zn supplementation with either NASEM (2016) recommended

title: Reduction in morbidity and mortality of dairy calves from an injectable trace mineral supplement
abstract: The effect of a multimineral preparation on the health and growth of spring born, dairy calves was investigated on four New Zealand pastoral farms. Calves were randomly allocated injections within 24 hours of birth, 35 days and 70 days after birth. Injections contained 40 mg zinc, 10 mg manganese, 5 mg selenium, 15 mg copper and 5 mg chromium per ml (Multimin+Se+ Cu+Cr Cattle, Virbac South Africa) at 1 ml/50 kg body weight. Morbidity, mortality from natural challenge and growth rates were recorded for 140 days. There were no differences in morbidity and mortality within 48 hours of birth for treated calves compared with controls, P=0.192. Morbidity and mortality were highest at 3 35 days (7.5 per cent [95 per cent CI 5.00 to 9.99] treated calves sick and 15.6 per cent [95 per cent CI 12.48 to 18.73] controls sick, P<0.001) For this period, mortality was lower at 4.4 per cent (95 per cent CI 2.49 to 6.41) treated calves and 10.4 per cent (95 per cent CI 7.78 to 13.03) controls, P<0.001. Allowing for potential confounders, the adjusted OR of treated calves scouring between 3 and 35 days was 0.44 (95 per cent CI 0.24 to 0.82, P=0.009) Allowing for potential confounders, from 0 to 140 days a second model predicted treatment approximately halved the probability of morbidity and mortality (P<0.001) There was no difference in the daily rate of gain (0.67 kg/day [95 per cent CI 0.66 to 0.67] for treated calves)

title: Effect of Beta Carotene Incorporated Mineral Vitamin Premix on Infertility in Infertile Crossbred Cattle
abstract: Cattle occupy a unique role in human history, having been domesticated since at least the early Neolithic age. Archeozoological and genetic data indicate that cattle were first domesticated from wild aurochs (Bos primigenius) approximately 10,500 years ago. Bovine fertility is affected by nutritional and non nutritional factors. The non nutritional factors include micro climate of the stable, lay out of the stable, hygiene and genetic manipulations. The most common cause of infertility in cattle is poor nutrition (Navarre et al. 2010) Minerals have a great impact on animal's reproductive physiology. Their imbalance causes various problems leading to lowered reproductive efficiency and resultant monetary loss to the dairy industry. Adequate micro minerals supplementation is required as most of the roughages, greens, concentrates and even most of commercial feeds available to Indian market are deficient in trace mineral elements. Often, correcting an imbalance in mineral levels can solve the nagging problem of infertility by improving reproductive performance and health with little additional cost (Kumar et al. 2011) The main source of vitamin A for ruminants is B carotene which is available in abundant quantities from green foliage. In the intestinal mucosa, B carotene is converted to vitamin A. The importance of B carotene had been viewed solely as a source of vitamin A until 1955. Since then, stabilized vitamin A has become available for use in animal feeds and research has extended into the comparison between vitamin A and B carotene. It was not until the 1970s that B carotene was suspected to have effects independent of its role as a vitamin A precursor in bovine reproduction. The present study shows total 24 infertile crossbred cows were selected to induce oestrus taken for correction of an oestrosity with bcarotene incorporated vitamin permix. Total 8 out of 24 animals exhibited oestrus symptom after the treatment. Among the animals received b carotene incorporated vitamin permix (treatment group) 50% showed the oestrus symptoms. Among the animals under control 16.66% came into heat. K e y w o r d s

title: Missense mutation in SDE2 gene new lethal defect transmitted into Polish Holstein Friesian cattle.
abstract: The aim of the study was to find out whether carriers of new lethal mutation in SDE2 gene occur in the population of Polish Holstein Friesian bulls. Eighty seven bulls were included in the analysis. Bulls were selected as having in the pedigree known carrier of SDE2 mutation (bull Mountain USAM000002070579) All bulls were diagnosed by PCR amplification of 524 bp fragment of SDE2 gene followed by digestion of Bcc I restriction enzyme. Heterozygotes (carriers) were confirmed by sequencing. Each new carrier was used to trace another potential carriers among its offspring available in Polish Holstein Bull Repository Database. Among 87 bulls, 50 new SDE2 carriers were found. The study has shown that mutation in SDE2 gene causing early embryo mortality is already transmitted to Polish Holstein Friesian cattle. The results are sufficient to initiate the screening program to reveal new carriers and to avoid further spreading of SDE2 lethal mutation.

title: Iodine Intoxication in Beef Cattle in Turkey Clinical, Hematological and Biochemical Evaluation
abstract: Iodine is an essential trace element for humans and animals. The incidence of iodine poisoning in cattle is low. In the present study, we evaluated the clinical findings, serum glucose and cholesterol, thyroid hormone and urine iodine levels in cattle exposed to excess iodine. All of the clinical data were determined following the addition of potassium iodide to the drinking water. Inappetence, cough, and hyperthermia were notable clinical findings. We detected a very high iodine level (470 mg /L) in an analysis of the drinking water samples. A biochemical analysis revealed that the serum cholesterol levels in the affected cattle were significantly lower (p<0.05) than in healthy cattle. However, the serum glucose in the affected cattle was significantly higher (p<0.05) compared to healthy cattle. The iodine concentration in the urine of the affected animals was also significantly higher (p<0.05) than in the healthy animals. Importantly, a hematological analysis indicated leukocytosis with neutrophilia. Several clinical signs, including hyperthermia, tachycardia, alopecia, and a naso oral discharge, based on suspected history can suggest iodine intoxication. In addition, biochemical parameters, such as urine iodine, serum glucose and cholesterol levels, were observed to be different between healthy and affected cattle. The thyroid function in affected cattle should also be studied.

title: INVESTIGATION OF MILK YIELD FROM CULTURE, CROSSBRED AND NATIVE CATTLE BREEDS IN TURKEY BY MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE (MANOVA)
abstract: In this study, milk yield from culture, cross bred, and native cattle breeds in 7 geographical regions of Turkey were investigated by multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) in 2015. The values of Pillai's Trace, Wilks' Lambda, Hotelling's Trace and Roy's Largest Root statistics used for the MANOVA test were 0.522, 0.546, 0.711 and 0.490, respectively. The corresponding F values for these statistics were found to be 2.422, 2.518, 2.594 and 5.634, respectively. Mean annual milk yield of crossbred, culture, and native cattle breeds reached to be 3776.355, 2692.803 and 1311.513 kg, respectively. Therefore, the results of these statistics are very close to each other. As a result of the MANOVA test, the difference within milk yield between the regions was not significant for culture and native cattle breeds, whereas a significant difference was found in hybrid breed cattle (P 0.001) As a result of the Bonferroni test, it was found that the milk yield difference in hybrid cattle was due to the difference in yield between Eastern Anatolia Aegean, Eastern Anatolia Marmara, Southeast Anatolia Aegean and Southeast Anatolia Marmara regions.

title: Missense mutation in SDE 2 gene new lethal defect transmitted into Polish Holstein Friesian cattle
abstract: The aim of the study was to find out whether carriers of new lethal mutation in SDE2 gene occur in the population of Polish Holstein Friesian bulls. Eighty seven bulls were included in the analysis. Bulls were selected as having in the pedigree known carrier of SDE2 mutation (bull Mountain USAM000002070579) All bulls were diagnosed by PCR amplification of 524 bp fragment of SDE2 gene followed by digestion of Bcc I restriction enzyme. Heterozygotes (carriers) were confirmed by sequencing. Each new carrier was used to trace another potential carriers among its offspring available in Polish Holstein Bull Repository Database. Among 87 bulls, 50 new SDE2 carriers were found. The study has shown that mutation in SDE2 gene causing early embryo mortality is already transmitted to Polish Holstein Friesian cattle. The results are sufficient to initiate the screening program to reveal new carriers and to avoid further spreading of SDE2 lethal mutation.

title: Interactive comment on " Photoacoustic measurement may significantly overestimate NH 3 emissions from cattle houses due to VOC interferences " by Dezhao Liu et al
abstract: We were always surprised how confident researchers have been in trace gas instruments using broadband light sources for the determination of gaseous emissions from agriculture. The present paper focuses on interferences occurring in ammonia concentration determination by INNOVA instruments. It convincingly shows the severe limitations of this measurement technology and documents the strong influence of other gases on the readout of these devices. Reliable concentration measurements need in addition the determination of a large variety of compounds in order to perform the suggested correction algorithms. This is a paradoxical situation, as such measurements