Query: Atomizer system

title: Smart Atomizer System using IoT
abstract: In the daily operation of farming and gardening, watering is the most important cultural practice. Considering the weather type may be both too hot or too cold, controlling and monitoring the garden can be done. The manual activities of watering the plants are being replaced. In this regard, we have proposed this idea to overcome the setbacks of regular sprinklers. Various sensors had been used for sensing the various parameters of the soil, the water level of the tank. The sensed parameters and motor status are delivered as a message through GSM Module and can monitor the status through web enabled devices using IoT. The objective of the proposed idea is to save water and manual intervention. The most important objective is to automatically stop the atomizer or sprinkler if there are any human interventions. The moisture level of the soil measured and the plants are irrigated with the required amount of water. The water level of the main tank is also measured and intimated.

title: Using the Tabor Atomizer System to maintain weight and firmness in stored potato tubers
abstract: A new fogger the Tabor Atomizer System features unique atomizers, based on compressed air and water. The droplets produced have a very small mass (less than 10m, and behave like a dry cloud, producing 96% 98% relative humidity (RH) without depositing free water on the tubers. After 6 months of storage at 10 C, with 96% 98% RH applied with the Tabor Atomizer System (room A) 92% 94% applied with a spin disk humidifier (room B) and 82% 86% with no added humidity (room C) the weight losses for stored potatoes were 2% 7% and 12% respectively. The firmness of the tubers expressed as newtons (N) required to penetrate the tubers before storage and after 6 months in room A, B, or C was 76, 74, 68, or 63 N, respectively.

title: A two step atomizer system using a transversely heated furnace with Zeeman background correction: Design and first solid sampling applications
abstract: A two step atomizer consisting of a transversely heated graphite atomization tube and a movable vaporizer graphite cup is described. The atomizer is placed between the poles of an electromagnetic field providing longitudinal Zeeman effect background correction capability. The tube and the cup are heated by independent power supplies enabling the performance of atomic absorption measurements at temporally and spatially isothermal conditions. The design of the vaporizer provides several advantageous features including direct introduction of solid and liquid samples with extremely low contamination risk and a sampling volume of up to 105 ml. The performance of this system was assessed by analysis of the bovine liver NIST SRM 1577b and of a well characterized titanium dioxide material. Calibration curves for quantification were recorded by using aqueous standards. In comparison of the results obtained by this method with the certified values and with the results of independent methods, excellent to reasonable agreement was achieved. For the elements Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na and Zn in titanium dioxide, the achievable limits of detection were between 60 pg g 1 (Mg) and 0.7 ng g 1 (Fe)

title: A vortex bowl disk atomizer system for the production of alginate beads in a 1500 liter fermentor.
abstract: Using a model system, a concept for the immobilization of microbial cultures within alginate beads directly in a 1500 L fermentor with a height to diameter ratio of 1.85 is described. The system is comprised of a 60 cm diameter bowl fixed to the top of an agitation shaft, where calcium ion rich media is continuously recirculated from the bulk solution to the bowl. The rotation of the shaft and bowl creates a climbing film (vortex) of solution. An atomizing disk centrally recessed within the bowl sprays an alginate solution into the climbing film where the droplets harden into beads. The effect of heat treatment on the alginate solution on resulting bead properties was examined. The sterilization operation did not appear to have a major effect on the alginate bead mechanical properties of firmness and elasticity which was much more a function of alginate concentration. Beads of various sizes were produced by the unit. The system was characterized by the dimensionless numbers Reomega (omega x rho x D(2)/mu and ReQ (Q x rho)(mu x D) At Reomega and ReQ values less than 500 and 0.15, respectively, the mechanism was direct drop. Parent droplets followed by satellite droplets were observed. When either the flow rate or speed was increased, filaments formed predominantly, which was unwanted in this system because filament breakdown into smaller droplets does not occur due to the proximity of the disk to the climbing film in the bowl. This system could be applied to the immobilization of microorganisms, as well as plant or animal cell cultures, and for other sizes or fermentors. The overflow from the bowl carries the gellified beads into the bulk solution where immobilized cells could act upon the fermentation media.

title: A simple atomizer system for application of chemicals in electrophysiological experiments on neurons of the isolated retina
abstract: The construction of a simple atomizer system is described. This apparatus can be used for treating the retina and certain other neural preparations with chemicals by spraying them with a fine mist of the chemical in solution. The system described can be calibrated readily, and also has other advantages. It has been used extensively for application of neurotransmitter agents to a retinal preparation during intra and extracellular recordings.

title: Experimental study of ultrasonic atomizer effects on values of EC and pH of nutrient solution.
abstract: The objectives of this research were to reveal how main working parameters of ultrasonic atomizers would influence key properties of the atomized nutrient solution in an aeroponics system. The Yamazaki tomato nutrient solution was selected as a nutrient example. Uniform design (UD) method U12 (122x13) was adopted to arrange the test. In this test, spraying time and interval time were taken as quantitative factors with 12 levels (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, and 120 min, respectively) and ultrasonic atomizer frequency was taken as qualitative factor with 3 conditions (28 kHz, 107 kHz, 1.7 MHz) Based on test data, two regression formulations used to predict the values of DEC, and DpH of atomized Yamazaki tomato nutrient solution was established and inspected. The spraying interval time of ultrasonic atomizers had no significant effect on EC and pH of the atomized Yamazaki tomato nutrient solution; the ultrasonic atomizer frequency was more effective than spraying time on the values of EC and pH; the values of EC and pH became maximum at (f3, T1) (1.7 MHz, 120 min) and minimum at (f1, T1) (28 kHz, 10 min) It was concluded that the effect of high frequency (1.7 MHz) ultrasonic atomizer on EC and pH of the Yamazaki tomato nutrient solution was beyond the standard value for tomato growth. Therefore, the high frequency (1.7 MHz) ultrasonic atomizer is not suitable for aeroponics cultivation when using the Yamazaki tomato nutrient solution as aeroponics nutrient solution.  aeroponics, tomato nutrient solution, EC, pH, ultrasonic atomizer frequency, spray time, interval time, uniform design   2018; 11(5) 59 64.

title: Multi step spray modelling of a flat fan atomizer
abstract: The present study combines Eulerian CFD modeling of the liquid flow inside an atomizer, instability analysis of liquid sheet, statistical spray analysis, and Lagrangian modeling for spray transport of a flat fan atomizer widely used in agricultural spraying. High speed spray imaging and spray size measurements carried out for validation of numerical models and the experimental results agreed reasonably with the modeling results. Although the subject of the study is a flat fan atomizer, the methodology presented could be employed to other types of spray nozzles that rely on liquid sheet disintegration mechanism. The systematic modeling of spray systems with the methodology explained in the paper not only reduces the design and prototyping time and costs but also gives engineers a better understanding of the design parameters for improved spray system performance.

title: Evaluation of a hydride generation atomic fluorescence system for the determination of arsenic using a dielectric barrier discharge atomizer.
abstract: A new atomizer based on atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma was specially designed for atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS) in order to be applied to the measurement of arsenic. The characteristics of the DBD atomizer and the effects of different parameters (power, discharge gas, gas flow rate, and KBH(4) concentration) were discussed in the paper. The DBD atomizer shows the following features: (1) low operation temperature (between 44 and 70 degrees C, depending on the operation conditions) (2) low power consumption; (3) operation at atmospheric pressure. The detection limit of As(III) using hydride generation (HG) with the proposed DBD AFS was 0.04 microgL( 1) The analytical results obtained by the present method for total arsenic in reference materials, orchard leaves (SRM 1571) and water samples GBW(E) 080390, agree well with the certified values. The present HG DBD AFS is more sensitive and reliable for the determination of arsenic. It is a very promising technique allowing for field arsenic analysis based on atomic spectrometry.

title: An experimental study on the spray characteristics of the air blast atomizer
abstract: In order to investigate the effect of different mixing forms and pressure variations on the spray characteristics of the air blast atomizer, in terms of two air blast atomizers with different mixing forms, a series of experiments was conducted by using the laser induced fluorescence (LIF) and particle image velocimetry (PIV) system. The effects of liquid pressure and air pressure on the spray angle and velocity field were studied and analysed, respectively. The fluids used in the experiments were air and aviation kerosene. The results indicate that the spray angle and particles velocity are not sensitive to the liquid pressure for both atomizers, but significantly affected by the air pressure. Specifically, the spray angle of the atomizer A increases firstly and then decreases with the increase of the air pressure. For the atomizer B, at the initial stage, the spray angle increases continuously and finally it maintains a stable value. Under a constant liquid pressure, the velocity of the particles of the atomizer A increases obviously with the air pressure. For the atomizer B, as air pressure increases, the particles velocity increases and some vortices have been formed. The research demonstrates that under the same condition, the mixing mode of the atomizer B can make the mixture of air and liquid more uniformly with better spray characteristics.

title: Comparison of Enk Fibreoptic Atomizer with translaryngeal injection for topical anaesthesia for awake fibreoptic intubation in patients at risk of secondary cervical injury: A randomised controlled trial
abstract: Two methods of topical anaesthesia for awake fibreoptic intubation (FOI) in patients at risk of secondary cervical injury were compared: the translaryngeal injection (TLI) technique and the Enk Fibreoptic Atomizer.  The objective of this study was to determine which system of topical anaesthesia provides the fastest and most comfortable awake FOI, using the oral approach.  A randomised controlled study.  A single centre trial between 2009 and 2011.  One hundred and twenty patients (63 women, 57 men) who underwent neurosurgery of the spine at Klinikum St. Georg Leipzig were randomly allocated into two groups (groupTLI, 61 patients; groupENK ATOMIZER, 59 patients) Inclusion criteria were an American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) physical status of 1 to 3, age 18 to 80 years, and those who met any one of three indications for FOI cervical instability, predicted difficult airway, a BMI greater than 40 kg m 2, and who gave written informed consent. Exclusion criteria were emergency awake FOI, mental disability/delirium, polytrauma and contraindication to TLI.  Two anaesthesiologists experienced in both techniques performed all anaesthesia procedures within the study.  The primary outcome was the timing sequence of awake FOI. The incidence of coughing/gagging, ease of tracheal tube placement, mucosal bleeding, cardiopulmonary stability and postoperative outcomes were also investigated.  Awake FOI was significantly faster using the TLI technique (mean, 191 s; range, 123 to 447 s; SD, 83.5) than the Enk Fibreoptic Atomizer [mean, 430 s; range, 275 to 773 s; SD, 124.9; (P 0.0001) Patients in groupTLI exhibited significantly less gagging (P 0.047) but more mucosal bleeding (P 0.001) CONCLUSION Awake FOI using the TLI technique was faster and provided better topical anaesthesia with less gagging during endoscopic intubation. However, the TLI technique was also more invasive.