Query: community based tourism

title: Can community based tourism contribute to sustainable development? Evidence from residents' perceptions of the sustainability
abstract: In this paper, the research gaps in sustainable tourism development were addressed by examining residents' perceptions of the sustainability of community based tourism based on tourism area life cycle theory. The survey questionnaire was distributed to the residents of six Taiwanese communities, and it was designed to determine the residents' perceptions of the economic, socio cultural, environmental, and life satisfaction sustainability of tourism. In total, 849 usable questionnaires were collected. The analytical results further elucidated the sustainability of nature based tourism and suggested that the economic, socio cultural, and environmental sustainability varied significantly in the consolidation, development, and involvement stages of community based tourism development. The four dimensions of sustainability were evaluated according to the pre and post development perceptions of tourism sustainability, and significantly different results were obtained. The study concludes that the residents' perceptions differed across the developmental stages; thus, managers should consider the development opportunities and adopt appropriate strategies across different development stages.

title: Community Based Tourism in Developing Countries: A Framework for Policy Evaluation
abstract: Many developing countries have recognized the potential of their natural resources for the development of tourism. However, the policies designed to provide a framework for socially inclusive and ecologically sound tourism turn out to be weak in fostering community based tourism (CBT) There is a spectrum of conditions that lead to success or failure of CBT initiatives that should be accounted for by national policies to ensure meaningful community engagement. This paper proposes a framework for the evaluation of tourism policy documents based on factors that facilitate and constrain CBT in developing countries. The framework was applied to seven tourism policy documents in Colombia using a content analysis approach. The results showed that the policies are weak in providing a base for community engagement in CBT. International experiences indicate that the barriers to CBT are similar throughout the world; thus, the framework is useful in the evaluation of policy documents in other developing countries.

title: Built Capital as a Catalyst for Community Based Tourism
abstract: This article focuses on the role of built capital as a catalyst for the development of other forms of capital in collective community based tourism projects. As part of a regional initiative, modest built capital projects were implemented in six small towns in the Appalachian region of North Carolina. To discover how each community was affected, the impacts of these physical changes were documented, evaluated and categorized using Flora's Community Capitals Framework. Over 100 interviews of stakeholders revealed how each project created new social and human capital, improving the community's psyche, fostering confidence, camaraderie, gratification, and a sense of purpose both within and beyond the tourism based focus. Additional capitals were cultivated, including spin off projects, increased visitation by tourists, elected official support, and a more entrepreneurial community. Informants overwhelmingly reported that the physical changes acted as a symbol of the cohesiveness created from the community centered and participatory approach.

title: Contributions of community based tourism to the socio economic well being of local communities: the case of Pulau Redang Island, Malaysia
abstract: This research discusses the role of local stakeholder participation in developing sustainable community based tourism (CBT) A survey collected in Pulau Redang, Kuala Terengganu from carefully recruited community based tourism stakeholders is discussed to further solidify the theoretical underpinnings of stakeholder participation and community based tourism nexus. Majority of the research participants indicated that the likelihood of them being included in the decision making process shows improvement. In connection to this, types of community participation, strengths, motivations, and barriers to participation in community based tourism development endeavours are highlighted. Research outcomes revealed two major influential factors for the existence of better community participation, namely, the presence of strong (CBT) organizations and committed leadership with growing support. The study concludes by providing with suggestions that further improve community based tourism stakeholder participation in developing sustainable tourism from the perspective of the remote Island destination.

title: Community Based Tourism as a Sustainable Direction in Destination Development: An Empirical Examination of Visitor Behaviors
abstract: Community based tourism is an emerging form of sustainable tourism. Community based tourism often brings various financial/non financial benefits to local communities and maximizes sustainability at the local level. The present study was designed to uncover the role of community based tourism performance in elucidating travelers' post purchase decision making process for sustainable destination products by considering the moderating effect of sense of belonging. A quantitative approach was adopted for the achievement of the research objective. A field survey conducted at community based tourism destinations was utilized for data collection. The acceptable level of the measurement quality was demonstrated. The results of the structural equation modeling provided empirical evidence that community based tourism performance significantly affects the formation of travelers' post purchase intentions. In addition, the adequacy of the higher order structure of community based tourism performance was identified. The community based tourism performance and intention relationship was also moderated by sense of belonging. With a lack of empirical research about community based tourism, the findings of this research significantly add to the existing body of knowledge in sustainable tourism.

title: Mobilizing knowledge: determining key elements for success and pitfalls in developing community based tourism
abstract: Community based tourism (CBT) has often been cited as an alternative to mass tourism and an approach for tourism to become more sustainable. If developed well, CBT can become a poverty alleviation mechanism and a way to access improvements in quality of life, providing empowerment and greater economic benefit to individuals in local communities. Despite the plethora of literature on CBT and evaluation of models, there is little analysis of the facilitators and barriers to achieving it. Through the use of case studies in both academic and grey literature, this paper serves as an instructive review of the CBT literature to synthesize the key elements of success and the challenges.

title: Participation as motif in community based tourism: a practice perspective
abstract: Community based tourism (CBT) is a diversely interpreted term, which has presented understanding and practice contests. These contests highlight the centrality (or not) of participation in CBT, and even its developmental failure. We attempt to move the conversation away from whether and how much participation exists to focus on emic interpretations of how CBT is experienced. As such, our focus is on how and why communities participate in CBTs, as informed by practice theory. We examine how participation might be understood and explained across three cases from Kenya, namely Il Ngwesi, Lumo Wildlife Sanctuary and Mwaluganje Elephant Sanctuary. The data were obtained through in depth interviews, participant observation and documented sources. The findings highlighted that CBT was a response to contextual challenges, led by the community elders. Community participation was often through representation, which is interpreted in relation to local practices. Case narratives and thematic analysis demonstrated that community participation appeared across the cases as a recurrent practice, or motif, its different forms influenced by local sociocultural, economic and sometimes political tensions in each case environment. Understanding how community participation takes place in different settings informs possibilities for realizing and enhancing tourism led community development strategies, freeing participation from apparent Western standards.

title: Community based tourism

title: Community based tourism

title: A management model to assist local communities developing community based tourism ventures: a case study from the Brazilian Amazon
abstract: A number of authors have endorsed the view that community based tourism (CBT) can improve the well being of local communities through the generation of economic and social benefits. This study proposes a management model that may be employed to assist local communities develop ventures of this nature. The findings of a study of a relatively successful CBT venture on Marajo Island in the Brazilian Amazon were used in tandem with a review of the literature to build the model based on an action pathway approach. Semi structured interviews were employed to identify the sequence of actions that occurred commencing when the CBT venture was first suggested to the present. The results indicate that participation, partnerships, encouragement and acquisition of skills are important elements in developing CBT. The study also found that transfer of ownership from an external actor to the community will only be successful if the community has the required management skills necessary to run the project as a commercial business. The model that emerged from this research has the ability to be widely used to assist communities embarking on CBT ventures.