Query: waves and optics

title: Waves and Optics

title: Rogue waves and analogies in optics and oceanography
abstract: Over a decade ago, an analogy was drawn between the generation of large ocean waves and the propagation of light fields in optical fibres. This analogy drove numerous experimental studies in both systems, which we review here. In optics, we focus on results arising from the use of real time measurement techniques, whereas in oceanography we consider insights obtained from analysis of real world ocean wave data and controlled experiments in wave tanks. This Review of the work in hydrodynamics includes results that support both nonlinear and linear interpretations of rogue wave formation in the ocean, and in optics, we also provide an overview of the emerging area of research applying the measurement techniques developed for the study of rogue waves to dissipative soliton systems. We discuss the insights gained from the analogy between the two systems and its limitations in modelling real world ocean wave scenarios that include physical effects that go beyond a one dimensional propagation model.An analogy between wave propagation in hydrodynamics and in optics has yielded new insights into the mechanisms leading to the formation of giant rogue waves on the ocean. We review experimental progress and field measurements in this area. pointsAn analogy between wave propagation on the ocean and in optical fibres has provided new insights into the physical mechanisms and dynamical features that underpin the occurrence of rogue waves.Real time measurement techniques studying instabilities in fibre optics have highlighted the emergence of localized breather structures associated with nonlinear focusing, a scenario confirmed in wave tank experiments.The experimental techniques developed for rogue wave measurement in optics have also yielded improved understanding of transient dynamics and dissipative soliton structures in lasers.Advanced analysis and hindcasting of real world ocean wave data have revealed the central role of directionality and the superposition of random wave trains in the formation of ocean rogue waves.The emergence of oceanic rogue waves in the general case is likely to arise from both linear and nonlinear mechanisms to different degrees depending on the prevalent wind and sea state conditions.Machine learning could play a key role in future efforts to forecast and predict ocean rogue waves and to identify new areas of physical analogy and overlap between optics and hydrodynamics.

title: Waves, modes, communications, and optics: a tutorial
abstract: Modes generally provide an economical description of waves, reducing complicated wave functions to finite numbers of mode amplitudes, as in propagating fiber modes and ideal laser beams. But finding a corresponding mode description for counting the best orthogonal channels for communicating between surfaces or volumes, or for optimally describing the inputs and outputs of a complicated optical system or wave scatterer, requires a different approach. The singular value decomposition approach we describe here gives the necessary optimal source and receiver "communication modes" pairs and device or scatterer input and output "mode converter basis function" pairs. These define the best communication or input/output channels, allowing precise counting and straightforward calculations. Here we introduce all the mathematics and physics of this approach, which works for acoustic, radio frequency, and optical waves, including full vector electromagnetic behavior, and is valid from nanophotonic scales to large systems. We show several general behaviors of communications modes, including various heuristic results. We also establish a new "M gauge" for electromagnetism that clarifies the number of vector wave channels and allows a simple and general quantization. This approach also gives a new modal "M coefficient" version of Einstein's A&B coefficient argument and revised versions of Kirchhoff's radiation laws. The article is written in a tutorial style to introduce the approach and its consequences.

title: Chapter 4: Waves and Optics

title: Light Waves and Optics
abstract: Since ancient times, the nature and properties of light have been intensively investigated in an attempt to address many of our needs for a better life on Earth. Today, scientists view the behavior of light as waves (electromagnetic waves in some situations and particles (photons in other situations. In this chapter, we briefly introduce aspects of light that are understood best when using wave models, as applied to geometrical and physical optics First, we study the reflection and refraction of light at the boundary between two media. Then we study formation of images when using the two types of mirrors and lenses.

title: Waves and Optics

title: Remote delivery of video services using mm waves and optics
abstract: Advantages of a radio based final drop for video delivery are outlined and spectral availability constraints that lead to the identification of the mm wave region of the radio spectrum as the most appropriate for this application are discussed. The possibility of simultaneously supporting other broadband services, such as B ISDN and traffic information systems (IVHS) enhance the attractiveness of a radio link. A large number of antenna units need to be served due to the limited propagation distances achievable at mm wave frequencies, and therefore, a low cost generation and delivery method has to be developed. In this paper, alternatives for the optical generation and distribution of mm wave signals are reviewed and a new method is proposed that eases the bandwidth, and hence the cost, of the required optoelectronic components. An assessment of the relative merits of the methods is given.

title: Foundation Waves and Optics

title: Waves and Optics Simulations
abstract: Fourier Analysis and Fourier Transforms. The Wave Equation and Other PDEs. Interference and Diffraction. Ray Tracing in Geometrical Optics. Applications of Interference and Diffraction. Electromagnetic Waves. One Dimensional Oscillator Chain.

title: Ultrasonic waves and optics