Query: Isolation and molecular characterization of air bacteria

title: Isolation, Molecular Characterization and Identification of Bacteria the Genus Streptomyces from Basin Sedimentary Soil of Sapanca Lake (Sakarya)
abstract: In this study, Streptomyces bacteria were characterized and identified after being isolated from the soil and sediments of Lake Sapanca in Sakarya province. Physico chemical analyzes of 12 soil samples taken from 6 different localities on total, were carried out. It was determined that the pH values of the soil samples were between 6.12 and 7.58. The purified 60 Streptomyces isolates were divided into 4 main groups based on air, micelle and diffuse pigment colour. Streptomyces isolates were analysed and tested for antibiotic susceptibility, degradation activity, growth, nitrogen and carbon source use. Phenotypic and biochemical characteristics of all isolates were determined and these data were transferred to IDENTAX computer program and their positions were identified and diagnosed. Species identified include Streptomyces cyaneus, Streptomyces filipinensis, Streptomyces exfoliatus, Streptomyces chromogenus, Streptomyces chromofuscus, Streptomyces griseoruber, Streptomyces antibioticus, Streptomyces lydicus, Streptomyces lavendulae ve Streptomyces purpureus. The test results of the Streptomyces isolates, which have been diagnosed, were compared with the MVSP 3.2 computer program to establish similarity dendograms. DNA isolation and sequence analysis of 4 selected colonies were performed and 27F and 1492R universal primers were used to amplify the 16S rDNA gene partially by PCR. The genesis and genetic positions of these four bacteria with the species in the GenBank database are presented as dendograms.

title: Characterization of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Determination of Antimicrobial Activity in Dadih from Air Dingin Alahan Panjang District, Solok Regency West Sumatera
abstract: Traditional Indonesian fermented foods have been studied as potential probiotics, for example dadiah from West Sumatera are made by fermenting buffalo milk in bamboo tubes. But the potential of halal probiotics isolated from Air Dingin District, West Sumatra (Indonesia) has not been studied. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential of halal probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) Lactobacillus plantarum strain 8m 21 isolation from dadiah in Air Dingin Alahan Panjang District, Solok Regency West Sumatera (Indonesia) against to pathogenic bacteria and antimicrobial activity. Previously lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus plantarum had been isolationand molecular identification used I6S rRNA with Forward (27F AGAGTTTGATCCTGGCTGAG) and Reverse primer (1492R; GTTTACCTTACGACTT) In this study we analyzed the probiotics have antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli O157. The results showed that Lactobacillus plantarum strain 8m 21 from Air Dingin dadiah isolates have probiotic properties because they have antimicrobial properties which able to inhibit Escherichia coli, aerob (pathogenic) bacteria and have highest antimicrobial with 20.25 mm inhibition than other sintetic antibiotics.

title: Isolation molecular identification and characterization of Aeromonas hydrophila from infected air breathing catfish Magur Clarias batrachus cultured in Mymensingh Bangladesh
abstract: The study was carried out from November, 2014 to February, 2015 with the objective of isolating Aeromonas hydrophila an important fish pathogen from infected air breathing catfish Magur (Clarias batrachus) in Mymensingh district. Quantitative study of the isolated bacteria from infected C. batrachus was found variation of number in different organs. Total bacterial load was found to be 1.16 x 10 5 to 3.15 x 10 6 cfu/g in lesions, 2.14 x 10 8 to 4.17 x 10 9 cfu/g in liver, 1.90 x 10 7 to 5.12 x 10 8 cfu/g in spleen and 2.32 x 10 6 to 5.24 x 10 8 cfu/g in kidney of infected C. batrachus in Mymensingh district. The isolates were found to produce acid from arabinose, whereas acid and gas from different sugar media such as maltose, sucrose, and dextrose. Morover, they were capable to ferment glucose but resistant to vibriostatic agent 0129 test. Further identification of A. hydrophila was accomplished using PCR. The PCR products of desired 760 bp were obtained for A. hydrophila. The isolated A. hydrophila were 96% sensitive to Enrofloxacin followed by 88% to Ciprofloxacin and 76% to Levofloxacin. On the other way, 100% were resistant to the Ampicillin followed by 96% to Penicillin and 92% to Novobiocin. So far, this is the first molecular identification of A. hydrophila from farmed C. batrachus in Bangladesh. The present study will provide future research scopes on identification of pathogenicity island in chromosome and serotyping of all A. hydrophila isolates.

title: Isolation, Identification, and Characterization of a Novel Bacteriocin Produced by Brevibacillus laterosporus DS 3 Against Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
abstract: Isolation and characterization of a bacteriocin from Brevibacillus laterosporus DS 3 and its ability in producing antibacterial activity were examined in this study. We isolated 48 bacterial strains from different native ecological niches. Sources included lake water, soil, air, and food. Among the isolates from the soil sample, morphological and biochemical tests identified Brev. laterosporus DS 3, which showed great potential for bacteriocin production. It was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, then applied in a Sephadex G 15 gel filtration column connected to a purification of AKTA Pure (USA) and reverse phase chromatography. MALDI TOF mass spectrometry indicated that bacteriocin DS 3 has a low molecular weight of 1592.579 Da. LNTLETEEWFFK was identified as the sequence by mass spectrometry analysis in tandem liquid chromatography and MASCOT research. This bacteriocin inhibited Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria and was effective against Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Brev. laterosporus DS 3 present in here is thermostable and tolerant to extreme pH. However, inactivation of its antibacterial activity was observed when treated with papain and trypsin but not pepsin, proteinase K, and catalase.

title: Screening and characterization of novel methane oxidizing bacterial strains from oil contaminated soils in Khuzestan, Iran
abstract: Based on information about the types and numbers of microorganisms in the surface soil samples, the distribution range of underlying oil and gas reservoirs can be judged. In the present study, methane oxidizing bacteria were isolated and characterized from oil contaminated soils in Khuzestan, Iran and their growth was optimized in the presence of methane as sole carbon and energy sources.  Bacteria were isolated in nitrate mineral salt (NMS) medium in the presence of 50% air and 50% methane. The cultures were incubated on a shaker for 10 days at 30 degC in dark place, and every two days, the gas mixture was replaced. The isolated bacteria were characterized based on biochemical and molecular identification tests. Then the optimum growth conditions was detected in different pH values and incubation temperatures in NMS medium containing methane.  Three Gram negative rods were isolated from soil samples that were able to grow in isolation condition. The isolates were characterized as Achromobacter and Sphingomonas spp. The strains could also grow in the NMS medium with a high methanol concentration (3% The optimal pH and temperature for the isolates were 7.4 and 30 degC respectively.  Methanotrophic strains that were isolated in the present study were able to grow and oxidize methane in high ranges of temperature and pH and can be proposed for the removal of mono carbon compounds such as methane and as biological detectors for prospecting for oil and gas reservoirs.

title: Isolation and characterization of a marine Anabaena sp. capable of rapid growth on molecular nitrogen
abstract: A marine filamentous cyanobacterium capable of rapid growth under N2 fixing conditions has been isolated from the Texas Gulf Coast. This organism appears to be an Anabaena sp. and has been given the strain designation CA. Cultures grown on mineral salts medium bubbled with 1% CO2 enriched air at 42degC show a growth rate of 5.6+ 0.1 generations per day with molecular nitrogen as the sole nitrogen source. This growth rate is higher than any other reported in the literature to date for heterocystous cyanobacteria growing on N2. Under similar growth conditions, 7.5 mM NH4Cl yields a growth rate of 6.6+ 0.1 generations per day while 7.5 mM KNO3 allows for a growth rate of 5.8+ 0.4 generations day. Nitrogen fixation rates, as measured by acetylene reduction, show maximum activity values in the range of 50 100 nmoles ethylene produced/minxmg protein. These values compare favorably with those obtained from heterotrophic bacteria and are much higher than values reported for other cyanobacteria. Growth experiments indicate that the organism requires relatively high levels of sodium and grows maximally at 42degC. Because of its high growth rate on N2, this newly isolated organism appears ideal for studying nitrogen metabolism and heterocyst development among the cyanobacteria.

title: New antibiotic U 64846: fermentation, isolation and characterization.
abstract: Antibiotic U 64846 is a new entity with the molecular formula C18H35C1N4O9 (MW 486) It is a very water soluble, reddish solid which decomposes above 300 degrees C and which is air sensitive. The antibiotic is produced by Streptomyces braegensis and it inhibits a variety of Gram positive bacteria. Acidic hydrolysis gave 3,7 diaminoheptanoic acid. The antibiotic gives 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR and UV spectra which indicate it is not closely related to known antibiotic families.

title: Microorganisms in Home and Indoor Work Environments Diversity, Health Impacts, Investigation and Control
abstract: Microorganisms in air Microorganisms in outdoor air J. Mullins and B. Flannigan Microorganisms in indoor air B. Flannigan Pollen in indoor air T. Hugg, E. Yli Panula and A. Rantio Lehtimaki Microorganisms in homes and work environments Microbial growth in indoor environments B. Flannigan and J.D. Miller Bacteria and other bioaerosols in industrial workplaces B. Crook, J.M. Gawn and J.R.M. Swan Remediation and control of microbial growth in problem buildings P.R. Morey Airborne microorganisms and disease Allergenic microorganisms and hypersensitivity A.K. Ellis and J.H. Day Occupational respiratory disease: hypersensitivity pneumonitis and other forms of interstitial lung disease M.J. Hodgson and B. Flannigan Respiratory tract infections caused by indoor fungi R.C. Summerbell Microbiological investigation of indoor environments Mycological investigations of indoor environments J.D. Miller Molecular methods for bioaerosol characterization R.C. Summerbell, B.J. Green, D. Corr and J.A. Scott Isolation and identification of fungi R.A. Samson and J. Houbraken Analysis of microbial volatile organic compounds T.J. Ryan Analysis for toxins and inflammatory compounds T. Rand and J.D. Miller Interpreting sampling data in investigations of indoor environments: selected case studies P.R. Morey Common and important species of Actinobacteria and fungi in indoor environments Common and important species of fungi and actinomycetes in indoor environments R.A. Samson, J. Houbraken, R.C. Summerbell, B. Flannigan and J.D. Miller Descriptions and illustrations of common fungi and actinomycetes Appendix: Glossary of mycological terms Index

title: Bioluminescence: from chemical bonds to photons.
abstract: The biological transformation of chemical to photic energy involves an enzyme mediated chemiluminescent reaction, in which one of the products exists in an electronically excited state, emitting a photon as it returns to the ground state. The colour of bioluminescence differs in different organisms, ranging from the deep blue (460 nm) of certain crustacea, through the bluish green (490 nm) of some bacteria, the green (530 nm) of mushrooms to the red (about 600 nm) of the railroad worm. In one case, energy transfer has been demonstrated from the enzyme system to material that emits light with a longer wavelength. The energies involved range from about 165 to 250 kJ/einstein (40 to 60 kcal/einstein) Boyle first showed that air was involved in bioluminescence in 1668 in his experiments with an air pump. Over the past 100 years, it has become clear that most if not all bioluminescent systems require molecular oxygen. The recent isolation and characterization of an oxygen containing (peroxide) enzyme intermediate from the bacterial system is described and a reaction mechanism is postulated. This scheme is compared with other hypothetical mechanisms, in particular those involving a four membered ring intermediate, a dioxetane, in which the simultaneous cleavage of two bonds leaves one product in an excited state. I shall discuss the special role of luciferases in bioluminescence, especially in flashing mechanisms involving 'precharged' intermediates.

title: Isolation and characterization of a heterologously expressed bacterial laccase from the anaerobe Geobacter metallireducens
abstract: Bioinformatics has revealed the presence of putative laccase genes in diverse bacteria, including extremophiles, autotrophs, and, interestingly, anaerobes. Integrity of laccase genes in anaerobes has been questioned, since laccases oxidize a variety of compounds using molecular oxygen as the electron acceptor. The genome of the anaerobe Geobacter metallireducens GS 15 contains five genes for laccase like multicopper oxidases. In order to show whether one of the predicted genes encodes a functional laccase, the protein encoded by GMET_RS10855 was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli cells. The His6 tagged enzyme (named GeoLacc) was purified to a large extent in the apoprotein, inactive form: incubation with CuSO4 allowed a 43 fold increase of the specific activity yielding a metallo enzyme. The purified enzyme oxidized some of the typical laccase substrates, including 2,2' azino bis(3 ethylbenzothiazoline 6 sulphonic acid) (ABTS) syringaldazine, and 2,6 dimethoxyphenol (2,6 DMP) along with pyrogallol and K4[Fe(CN)6] Temperature optimum was 75 degC and pH optimum for ABTS and 2,6 DMP oxidation was 6.0. As observed for other laccases, the enzyme was inhibited by halide anions and was sensitive to increasing concentrations of dimethyl sulfoxide and Tween 80. Notably, GeoLacc possesses a very high affinity for dioxygen: a similar activity was measured performing the reaction at air saturated or microaerophilic conditions.