Query: knowledge attitude and practice toward organic farming

title: Farmers knowledge attitude and practice of healthy greenhouse cucumber and tomato production in Isfahan County
abstract: In recent decades, due to the negative effects of conventional farming on human health and the environment, the organic farming is taken into consideration in order to produce healthy food materials. The aim of the present study was to assess the greenhouse owners' knowledge, attitude, and practice with respect to healthy cucumber and tomato production in greenhouse farming systems in Isfahan county, Iran. Required data was collected on a sample of 110 farmers through face to face interviews based on a comprehensive structured questionnaire. Behavioral analysis of farmers' decision making is based on "knowledge, attitude and practice" (KAP) survey using structural equation modeling. Research findings showed that despite the positive attitude of most greenhouse owners toward production of healthy crops, there is no proper use of pesticides and fertilizers in greenhouse farming. Although most farmers believe that overuse of pesticides and chemical fertilizers endangers human health and environment, but they don't adhere to proper usage principles and amount of pesticides and chemical fertilizers. Also, small scale greenhouses, weak farm economy, low literacy level, and lack of adequate awareness, have led to select the least risky and fastest way to combat the pests. Therefore, it is very important to improve greenhouse owners' knowledge in fertilizer selection and pest management, and strengthening the marketing system of healthy products.

title: KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICES OF FARMERS TOWARDS ORGANIC FARMING
abstract: Organic farming is gaining popularity all over the world as it can diversify agricultural production system toward attaining improved productivity, farm income as well as food safety. The rise of organic farming was driven partly by consumers' concern with food quality and safety, as well as the protection of the environment. Organic Farming produces safe and nutritious food as it helps prevent soil pollution by stopping risky chemical reactions in the soil and avoiding produce contamination, as well as soil erosion, by wind and rain. One of the important parties that can enable the country to produce more organic products through organic farming is the growers or farmers. The final decision of farmers to use a new practice like organic farming system is usually the result of their knowledge of the practices as well as their perception. Therefore, the main purpose of this preliminary study was to investigate the knowledge, perception or attitude, and practices of vegetable growers towards organic farming. A survey method through face to face interview by using structured questionnaire was used to collect data from a total of 31 vegetable growers in Kundasang, Sabah which was selected by using simple random sampling method. The findings of the study show that the knowledge of the respondents on organic farming especially pertaining to the use of chemical insecticides, herbicides and fertilizers is still need to be improved, their attitude is also still negative, and they are still dependent on conventional practices (i.e. chemical) especially to control pests and diseases.

title: Evaluation of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) of farmers regarding organic farming
abstract: Organic agricultural products are gaining popularity among the consumers day by day. Farmers are also becoming interested in producing organic agricultural commodities. The production strategy of organic food commodities is environment friendly and of high economic potential. However, the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of farmers regarding organic farming is merely assessed. The main purpose of the study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practice of the farmers regarding organic farming. Data were collected from randomly selected 70 farmers from selected three villages named Ghola, Zoykhali and Shailmary of Jalma union of Batiaghata upazila under Khulna district of Bangladesh, through personal interview using an interview schedule. The eleven characteristics of the farmers which had been selected for the study were age, educational qualification, farming experience, organic farming experience, family size, farm size, monthly family income, organizational participation, cosmopolitanism, extension media contact and training on organic farming. The focus variables were the knowledge, attitude and practice of the farmers on organic farming. The respondents were asked to provide responses regarding the focus issues, and the given responses were recorded against the standard scale, and obtained scores were statistically analyzed for further interpretation. Majority (70% of the respondents had medium knowledge, most (95.7% of them had highly favorable attitude while their (51.4% practice on organic farming was low. Among the ten practices, "application of cow dung in the field" was the highest practiced activity, while the least practiced activity was "regular soil test" Among the selected eleven characteristics of the respondents, experience in organic farming (R2 0.145) (p 0.05) cosmopolitanism (R2 0.357) (p 0.01) extension media contact (R2 0.265) (p 0.01) and training on organic farming (R2 0.107) (p 0.05) showed significant positive relationship with knowledge; while experience in farming (R2 0.135) (p 0.05) and experience in organic farming (R2 0.059) (p 0.01) showed significant positive relationship with their attitude towards organic farming; and cosmopolitanism (R2 0.149) showed significant (p 0.01) positive relationship with practice of the farmers. By utilizing the highly favorable attitude of the farmers towards organic farming, the knowledge level of them could be increased through training and extension contact, and as a result the magnitude of practices could be increased in the long run. Necessary agricultural policy strategies should be formulated to enhance the organic farming activities by the farmers.

title: Farmers' Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) Regarding Nitrogen Fortified Organic Manure in Crop Production
abstract: The study was carried out mainly to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of farmers regarding nitrogen fortified organic manure. Data were collected from purposive randomly selected 120 farmers from Kharnia, Atalia, Maguraghona unions of Dumuria upazila under Khulna district of Bangladesh through personal interview using an interview schedule during January to February, 2019. There were eleven personal socioeconomic characteristics of farmers selected for the study which were age, educational qualification, family size, farming experience, organic farming experience, annual income, farm size, organizational participation, agricultural training, cosmopolitanism, extension contact regarding nitrogen fortified organic manure, were treated as independent variables, whereas knowledge, attitude, practice (KAP) and faced problems were considered as dependent variables. Majority (65% of the respondents had high knowledge, most of the respondents (85.8% had medium favorable attitude and majority of the respondents (65.8% had medium practice, respectively, regarding nitrogen fortified organic manure. 65% of the respondents encountered medium problem while preparing and applying nitrogen fortified organic manures in the crop field. Although farmers usually use inorganic nitrogen fertilizer but they have favorable attitude regarding nitrogen fortified organic manure. On the basis of the response provided by the respondents' positive statements ranked first and negative statements ranked second in gross considerations. The 1st position was ranked by the individual statement "N fortified organic manure is good" on the basis of obtained highest score (532) which was followed by "soil health is maintained" (2nd, score 530) and "great source of income" (3rd, score 488) Among the selected characteristics of farmers, annual income showed negative significant relationship with attitude while farm size, agricultural training showed positive significant relationship; and family size showed negative significant relationship with knowledge of farmers regarding nitrogen fortified organic manure. Cosmopolitanism and extension contact showed positive significant relationship with practice; while agricultural training showed negative significant relationship with problem of farmers regarding nitrogen fortified organic manure. Thus, the high knowledge, medium favorable attitude and medium practice should be utilized to design appropriate extension strategies for production and application of the nitrogen fortified organic manures by the farmers in their agricultural fields for crop production. The encountered problems also should be addressed properly to ensure timely mitigation. Proper measures should also be undertaken to make nitrogen fortified organic manure popular day by day.

title: Determinants of Farmer's Attitude toward Organic Agriculture and Barriers for Converting to Organic Farming Systems: Research Insights
abstract: Organic farming is gaining acceptance all over the world due to associated benefits of quality food, enhanced soil health, environment protection, conservation of natural resources and taking care of human health. However, concern is whether farmers will change their farming systems which they have been practicing from long and shift to organic farming. The attitude and perceptions of farmers on organic farming systems have an impact on their behavioral tendencies. Consequently, the attitude is being shaped by various factors which stand as driving and restraining forces for the desired change. In the present paper, the review of various research studies provide insight into the factors that are considered important by the farmers for adoption of organic farming, the willingness and ability of farmers to change their current farming system and the problems that are perceived by the farmers in converting to organic farming system.

title: Knowledge Attitude and Practices on Organic Farming Among Beneficiaries of Kudumbam Kolunji Farm Pudukkottai District Thamaraiselvan
abstract: Agriculture is the backbone of India. Any changes in agriculture will result in the life of people and nature and vice versa. There has been rapid change in the way we farm in past few decades. It is characterized mainly by the dominance of machinery and chemical technology in agriculture, replacing the traditional wisdom. The changes in agriculture have taken a quantum jump during green revolution. Such change have resulted in environmental pollution, degradation of soil health, loss of bio diversity and others. As the days went by, the farmers across. The nation have switched to modern agriculture without realizing the consequences the effects of modern agriculture has resulted in deterioration in soil quality, drastic impacts on availability of agriculture producer; besides impacting health and lifestyle of the people. Organic farming, which has been traditionally followed, has come as an alternative, yet the farmers who have been modern agriculture hesitate to practice the Organic Farming. Hence, the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice on organic farming greatly influence their willingness to switch over to organic farming. Thus, the present study focuses on the knowledge, attitude and practice on organic farming among the beneficiaries of Kolunji Farm. As the present study aims at analyzing the Knowledge, Attitude and Practices on of, the researcher has adopted Descriptive Research Design. The Researcher used the Multistage Random Sampling to collect the data from 60 farmers. In order to measure the Knowledge, Attitude and Practices on Organic Farming, He used developed by Assis, K. and Mohammed Ismail, H.A in the year 2011 which contained the following numbers of question in each dimension. Salient findings and suggestions pertaining to the study will be discussed in the full paper.

title: ORGANIC FARMERS IN THE PHILIPPINES: CHARACTERISTICS, KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICES
abstract: Non chemical use of farm inputs in organic farming can help alleviate problems of soil infertility as well as pollution in water and air. Organic farming, although sustainable may not be an attractive alternative to conventional farming because of low yield in the earlier years of adoption in spite of its being relatively laborious. Knowing the characteristics, knowledge, attitudes and practices of the organic farmers are necessary to promote organic farming in the Philippines. The survey of the 326 organic farmers in the nine provinces in the Philippines showed that the median age of organic farmers is 51. Forty three percent are high school educated. More than three fourths of the farmers have an average farm size of less than 2.5 hectares. Seventy five percent were practicing organic farming, even before the Organic Agriculture became a law in 2010. The knowledge of the organic farmers on three aspects, namely: organic farming, environment and cost/benefits of organic agriculture (OA) were assessed while the attitude was likewise assessed on organic farming and its cost/benefits using a 5 point scale. Davao farmers have the highest mean knowledge and attitude scores on both OA and cost and benefit aspects. Cebu farmers, on the other hand, have the highest mean knowledge score on the environmental aspect. It was found that older farmers are more knowledgeable than the younger farmers on the aspect of benefit and cost of OA. Educational attainment affects positively the knowledge level on OA and on the environmental aspects. Selling OA products was found to increase their knowledge of the benefits and cost of OA but decreases their knowledge about the environment. The attitude of the farmers on all the three aspects was generally positive. The most common organic farming practices are composting and intercropping. Crafting trainings should be customized by province and should take into consideration the evidence based characteristics, knowledge, attitude and practices of organic farmers to increase and sustain the practice of organic agriculture in the Philippines.

title: Farmers Attitude towards Organic Farming: A Case Study in Chapainawabganj District
abstract: The main purpose of the study was to evaluate farmers socio economic status, attitude and relationship among them towards organic farming. The study was conducted in five upazilas of Chapainawabganj district in Bangladesh. A simple random sampling technique was used to select 40 respondents. Attitude of respondents toward organic farming was measured with twenty statements using five point likert type scales. To explore the relationship between the concerned variables correlation coefficient (r) was computed. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the variables. Majority of the respondents were male (90% average age was 44 years. 45% respondents were illiterate, had average 4 years of farming experience. Majority of the respondents (80% had positive attitude towards organic farming. Relatives and Extension Agents were found as the main information source of organic farming for most of the respondents. Cosmopoliteness and Extension contact had positive and significant relationship with their attitude .461 and .377 respectively) It was concluded that farmers were knowledgeable about organic farming and also had favourable attitude toward its practices. Efforts should therefore be made to promote and increase the practice of organic farming. By promoting organic farming practice, farm income is increased than conventional farming.

title: Rice Farmers' Perception and Attitude Toward Organic Farming Adoption
abstract: Indonesia Pada awal abad ke 21, gaya hidup "kembali ke alam" menjadi tren karena orang lebih sadar terhadap dampak negatif penggunaan input kimia pertanian. Fenomena ini menyebabkan konsumen, terutama yang berpenghasilan menengah atas, untuk mengonsumsi makanan sehat. Hal ini menyiratkan bahwa pertanian organik memiliki prospek cukup baik di masa mendatang. Namun demikian, minat petani untuk menjalankan pertanian organik ternyata masih rendah yang ditandai dengan lambatnya adopsi. Review literatur mengungkapkan bahwa persepsi terhadap karakteristik inovasi memiliki kontribusi yang nyata terhadap perilaku adopsi. Tujuan utama penelitian adalah untuk menguji pengaruh persepsi petani, yaitu persepsi kegunaan teknologi, risiko, kepedulian lingkungan, dan sikap terhadap niat mereka untuk mengadopsi usaha tani padi organik. Penelitian ini melibatkan 600 petani padi sebagai responden di Kabupaten Sragen, Jawa Tengah. Responden dikelompokkan menjadi dua kategori, yaitu petani semiorganik dan konvensional. Penggalian data dilakukan pada Mei Agustus 2015 menggunakan kuesioner terstruktur. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persepsi tentang kegunaan teknologi, kepedulian lingkungan dan sikap berpengaruh positif dan nyata terhadap niat adopsi usaha tani padi organik, baik pada petani semiorganik maupun konvensional. Namun, persepsi terhadap risiko berpengaruh negatif dan nyata pada petani konvensional, tetapi tidak nyata untuk petani semiorganik. Disimpulkan bahwa persepsi dan sikap terbukti memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap niat adopsi. Oleh karena itu, untuk meningkatkan tingkat adopsi diperlukan upaya pemerintah untuk membangun persepsi dan sikap positif petani terhadap usaha tani organik. Petani juga membutuhkan dukungan dari beberapa pihak untuk mendorong mereka agar turut terlibat dalam praktik usaha tani organik. English Back to nature lifestyle emerges as people were more aware against the adverse impacts of agro chemical inputs in the early 21st century. This phenomenon has led the consumers, particularly for upper middle income, to consume healthy foods. It implies that the organic farming has a good prospect in forthcoming years. However, the intention of farmer to practice organic farming is still low as indicated by slow rate of adoption. The literature review reveals that perception on innovation characteristics has a significant contribution on adoption behavior. Objective of this study is to examine the farmers' perception, namely perceived usefulness, perceived risk, environmental concern, as well as attitude affecting their intention to adopt organic farming. This study involves 600 rice farmers as respondents in Sragen Regency, Central Java. The respondents were grouped into two categories namely semi organic and conventional farmers. The data were collected through a structured questionnaire in May August 2015. The results show that the perceived usefulness, environmental concern, and attitude positively and significantly affect intention to adopt rice organic farming from both of semi and conventional farmers. Meanwhile, the perceived risk influences negatively on intention to adopt organic rice farming merely for conventional farmers. It is concluded that the perceptions and attitude have significant effect on intention. Therefore, efforts should be undertaken to raise positive farmers' perception and attitude. Farmers also need supports from several parties to encourage them to involve in organic rice farming.

title: Factors affecting wheat farmers' attitudes toward organic farming
abstract: In recent years the focus on organic farming has been emphasised because of the negative effects of conventional farming. Any persuasion geared toward making farmers adopt organic farming methods requires an investigation of their current attitude toward organic farming. The main purpose of this descriptive correlational study was to investigate the effective factors that determine farmers' attitudes toward organic farming. The statistical population consisted of all the wheat farmers in the Khodabande township (N 24,350) of whom 275 were identified based on Cochran's sampling formula and through a stratified, randomised sampling method. The research tool was a researcher made questionnaire (whose validity was verified by a panel of experts in related fields) to check its reliability, a Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated to equal 0.78. The results showed that the attitude of the majority of respondents toward organic farming, at 50.9 percent, was positive, and the attitude of the other 49.1 percent was neutral. Correlation analysis revealed that age, family household number, and experience had a negative meaningful correlation with the farmers' attitude, but education, income, and knowledge of organic farming had a positive meaningful correlation. Comparison analysis showed that there were significant differences between farmers' attitudes toward organic farming based on the different cultivation methods as well as the use of pesticides and herbicides. Logistical regression analysis revealed that the factors that significantly (p<0.05) affected farmers' attitudes toward organic farming included the farmer's experience, income, and their knowledge of organic farming.