Query: soil nutrient analysis practicing areas

title: The Hidden Costs of Soil Mining to Agricultural Sustainability in Developing Countries: A Case Study of Machakos District, Eastern Kenya
abstract: Soil nutrient budget studies are increasingly becoming important in determining the magnitude of nutrient mining in sub Saharan Africa and its impacts on food production. A study of farms practicing low external input agriculture (LEIA) and conventional farming practices was made with regards to soil nutrient management in the semi arid areas of Eastern Kenya over a two year period using nutrient monitoring (NUTMON) methodology. Multidisciplinary, multiinstitutional and multi scale approaches were adopted and quantitative and qualitative data on nutrient flows and stocks were collected through monthly farm interviews. Secondary data on farm inputs and outputs as well as data on soil nutrient stocks (soil sampling and analysis) were also collected. Soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were being mined to comparable magnitudes in the two farming systems studied and 60% and 80% of farm income was based on nutrient mining in LEIA and conventional farms respectively. Although the use of farmyard manure was found to be the most cost effective approach to replacing the mined nutrients within farmers' socioeconomic circumstances, it can only be effective within Integrated Nutrient Management framework that embodies the use of other soil fertility management technologies implemented within a conducive policy framework and broader livelihood strategies.

title: Assessment of Potato Farmland Soil Nutrient Based on MDS SQI Model in the Loess Plateau
abstract: Soil nutrients are essential nutrients provided by soil for plant growth. Most researchers focus on the coupling effect of nutrients with potato yield and quality. There are few studies on the evaluation of soil nutrients in potato fields. The purpose of this study is to investigate the soil nutrients of potato farmland and the soil vertical nutrient distributions, and then to provide a theoretical and experimental basis for the fertilizer management practices for potatoes in Loess Plateau. Eight physical and chemical soil indexes were selected in the study area, and 810 farmland soil samples from the potato agriculture product areas were analyzed in Northern Shaanxi. The paper established the minimum data set (MDS) for the quality diagnosis of the cultivated layer for farmland by principal component analysis (PCA) respectively, and furthermore, analyzed the soil nutrient characteristics of the cultivated layer adopted soil quality index (SQI) The results showed that the MDS on soil quality diagnosis of the cultivated layer for farmland soil included such indicators as the soil organic matter content, soil available potassium content, and soil available phosphorus content. The comprehensive index value of the soil quality was between 0.064 and 0.302. The SPSS average clustering process used to classify SQI was divided into three grades: class I (36.2% was defined as suitable soil fertility (SQI 0.186) The comprehensive quality of the potato farmland soils was generally low. The proportion of soil nutrients in the SQI composition ranged from large to small as the soil available potassium content soil available phosphorus content soil organic matter content, which became the limiting factor of the soil organic matter content in this area. This study revolves around the 0 to 60 cm soil layer; the soil fertility decreased gradually with the soil depth, and had significant differences between the respective soil layers. In order to improve the soil nutrient accumulation and potato yield in potato farmland in northern Shaanxi, it is suggested to increase the fertilization depth (20 to 40 cm) and further study the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizer.

title: Assessment of economic profitability and soil nutrient status of Eucalyptus and Gamar based agroforestry practices in the Madhupur Sal forest of Bangladesh
abstract: The study was carried out in the Madhupur Sal forest of Bangladesh to assess the economic profitability and soil nutrient status of Eucalyptus and Gamar based agroforestry practices based on the data from July 2017 to September 2018. Four different agroforestry practices viz. Eucalyptus Akashmoni TeakPapaya Ginger Pineapple Banana, Eucalyptus Akashmoni Turmeric Banana, Gamar Akashmoni Acacia hybrid Goraneem Pineapple Papaya Banana and Gamar Akashmoni Acacia hybrid Kalomegh along with their non agroforestry practices (NAFPs) (except tree) having 0.2 ha plot area were selected through literature review, focus group discussion and practical observation. In order to calculate the economic profitability of respective agroforestry practices as well as NAFPs, data related to incurred cost, gross return, net return from tree and crop components, soil samples for chemical analysis were collected from each plot. The benefit cost ratio (BCR) and land equivalent ratio (LER) for each of the selected agroforestry practices were determined. The results of the study showed that all the selected agroforestry practices were more profitable than their NAFPs. The net return, BCR, and LER (707110 Tk/ha, 3.87 and 1.76, respectively) indicated that the Eucalyptus Akashmoni Teak Papaya GingerBanana Pineapple based agroforestry practice was economically more profitable followed by Gamar Akashmoni Acacia hybrid Goraneem Pineapple PapayaBanana, Eucalyptus Akashmoni Turmeric Banana, and Gamar AkashmoniAcacia hybrid Kalomegh based agroforestry practices. Moreover, soil nutrient status like organic matter total N available P (ppm) and exchangeable K (meq/100g soil) of all of the selected agroforestry practices were mostly higher than their non agroforestry practices. Therefore, it can be concluded that agroforestry practices are economically more profitable than the cultivation of their sole cropping systems which also helps to reduce the use of chemical fertilizer.

title: Different Soil Management Systems Promote Improvements in Nutrient Content and Litter Input
abstract: Agroforestry systems can benefit tropical soils by promoting greater diversity of plants and reducing or avoiding common practices used in conventional management systems, such as soil cleaning, plowing, and harrowing. In this context, we aimed to evaluate the supply of nutrients and litterfall in a dystrophic cohesive yellow Latosol (Oxisol) under the following management systems: conventional, artificial pasture, two agroforestry systems of different ages (7 and 12 years old) and an area of secondary forest. In the sampling areas, we collected composed soil samples from the 0 0.10, 0.10 0.20, and 0.20 0.40 m layers for the evaluation of chemical attributes and litterfall, and in the superficial layer for quantification of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium contents. Differences between management systems were measured using the principal component analysis. Litterfall supply was higher in the 12 year old agroforestry system, followed by the 7 year old agroforestry system, secondary forest, and conventional system, as well as the accumulations of nitrogen and phosphorus in the litterfall. Thus, replacing forests by crops promotes changes in the chemical attributes regardless of the use and management system. Although the conventional cultivation has improved some attributes, the soil quality has only been improved by agroforestry systems due to the greater supply of organic matter.

title: Study on Productivity of Jhum Crops and Post harvest Soil Nutrient Status by Using NPK Briquette
abstract: Jhum cultivation (also called slash and burn agriculture, shifting cultivation or Sweden cultivation) is a centuries old agricultural practice of indigenous people of Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT) It is closely related with the sociocultural settings of some hill communities (Anonymous, 1997) Shifting cultivation, once a subsistence farming system of mountainous people, has become unsustainable both environmentally and economically, and many Asian countries are replacing the system with permanent agriculture (Rasul and Thapa, 2003) However, it is still being widely practised in hilly areas of Bangladesh (Haque et al. 2016) and considered as the major source of livelihood for tribal people. It has been estimated that about 26,000 households practise shifting cultivation (Jhum) every year, and nearly 143,000 people depend on Jhum for subsistence (Shoaib, 2000) Despite declining productivity, farmers practise Jhum because they feel it is the basis of hill people's cultural identity (Ahmed et al. 2005. Research on Jhum in the Chittagong Hill Tracts is as old as interest in the study of tribal culture, and dates back to British rule of the Indian subcontinent. Art ic le History RECEIVED in 24th April 2020 RECEIVED in revised form 04th August 2020 ACCEPTED in final form 21st August 2020 Jhum crops, NPK briquette, post harvest soil analysis

title: Soil Nutrient Analysis And Their Relationship With Special Reference To Ph In Pravaranagar Area, District Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India
abstract: The study of the macro and micronutrient status of soil of Pravaranagar area, District Ahmednagar was undertaken at 15 different locations to know their quantity and relationship with pH. soil samples were collected at 0 15 cm depth and used for determination of pH, Phosphorus (PO4) Potassium (K) Sodium (Na) Chloride (Cl) and micronutrient like Iron (Fe) Manganese (Mn) Zinc (Zn) and Copper (Cu) It was observed that all soils were alkaline in nature. PO4 Mn, Zn, Cl, Cu and Na and K had shown no significant relationship with pH while, only Fe had shown significant relationship with pH. This indicates that pH has influence on nutrient status of soil. However, it was observed that all nutrients were available in sufficient amount for Plant and other organism growth in Pravaranagar area. 1 INTRODUCTIONis a multipart of physical and biological schemes, which gives support to the plants and supplies essential nutrient to them. The weathering processes disintegrate rock and convert it into nutrients soil. It forms a thin layer on surface. It contains minerals particles, organic matter, water and air (1) This becomes a fundamental resource of life which support the growth of plants and hence human and other living organisms. In recent decade to increase the yield and production cultivable plants more and more organic and inorganic fertilizers have been added to natural soil. But due to continuous and excess use of such fertilizers, the primary constituent's status in soil is being changed. The mineral nutrients like macro and micro has unique importance in plants such as cell elongation, metabolism, O2 evolution, N2 fixation, respiration to constitute chlorophyll contain (2) Williams, 1990 (3) has studied effect of pH on nutrient balance and observed that high pH of soil can affect the micronutrient content present in soil. Manganese and Iron level decline with increase in soil pH. However, pH is good sign for maintain equilibrium between nutrients in the soil. It is also an indicator of plant and other living organisms, available nutrients, cation exchange capacity and organic matter content (4) The mobility of nutrients in the soil is largely depended on soil pH. Different studies have shown that the most of the plant nutrients are optimally available to plants at pH range between 6.5 to 7.5 ranges (5 7) There are 17 essential nutrients which are required for plant growth. However, micronutrients like Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu are only easily accessible in acidic situation. Sometimes these nutrients also cross the toxic limit and high concentrations leads to toxic effects on plants (8) Sometimes the micronutrient status also changes due to cropping pattern and fertilizer practices (9) The Pravara area is located between 19 0

title: Linking substance flow analysis and soil and water assessment tool for nutrient management
abstract: Improper soil management and inefficient use of nutrients in agricultural systems causes significant loss of nutrients, leading to many environmental impacts. Different spatial and temporal environmental conditions such as soil type, physical geography, weather and differing agricultural practices can affect the release of nutrients to the environment. Management of nutrients in agricultural systems using conventional substance flow analysis cannot account for the spatial variability of nutrient flows accurately. This research introduces a framework to link substance flow analysis and the soil and water assessment tool to reveal the spatial variability of nutrient flows in areas with different climate and land conditions, and having various agricultural management practices. The spatially allocated flows can be agglomerated to quantify the total quantity of nutrients during a specific time to conduct substance flow analysis more accurately. Substance flow analysis of nutrient in maize production system in Phayao, Thailand is used to demonstrate the framework. Several improved agricultural management practices were simulated and evaluated. The results showed that both Nitrogen and Phosphorus balances in the system in the case study area were negative because of the large amount of nutrient loss through several ways. No till farming was the most effective option to reduce N loss. However, crop rotation with beans, optimising fertilizer application and applying more manure could reduce large amount of chemical fertilizer use. Combining all the practices was found to be the most effective option to reduce P loss.

title: Combined Cultivation Pattern Reduces Soil Erosion and Nutrient Loss from Sloping Farmland on Red Soil in Southwestern China
abstract: Crops are usually planted on sloping land in mountainous areas due to limited suitable land area. This results in serious soil erosion and loss of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) to land degradation and water eutrophication. It is important to adopt appropriate cultivation practices to change this situation. However, few long term in situ measurements are available to assess the magnitude of effects of combined cultivation patterns on soil erosion and nutrient loss from sloping farmland with red soil, as well to quantify N and P losses through runoff and sediment transport. A field trial with the cash crop (CC) Nicotiana tabacum was carried out under natural rainfall conditions on sloping farmland with red soil in Yunnan, China during 2014 2017. Four cultivation patterns were applied. They included NVF (No fertilizer application Vertical ridge Film covered) OVF (Optimizing fertilizer application Vertical ridge Film covered) OHF (Optimizing fertilizer application Horizontal ridge Film covered) and OHFR (Optimizing fertilizer application Horizontal ridge Film removed) The first two treatments belonged to the vertical ridge (VR) group, and the remaining treatments belonged to the horizontal ridge (HR) group. Results indicated the HR group performed significantly better than the VR group, especially the OHFR treatment, in terms of the HR group producing average runoff (177.12 182.27 mm) sediment loss (2673.33 3309.17 kg*ha 1) and nutrient loss of total nitrogen (TN) (7.58 7.93 kg*ha 1) total phosphorus (TP) (1.00 1.09 kg*ha 1) through runoff, TN (3.53 4.72 kg*ha 1) TP (2.59 2.76 kg*ha 1) through sediment. TN was lost mainly through runoff transport, while TP was lost mainly through sediment transport. On average, the HR group decreased runoff, sediment, total N and P loss by 39% to 73% relative to the OVF treatment, whereas NVF treatment increased 3% to 30% of those (p 0.05) Under four cultivation patterns, total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) was the dominant form, which accounted for 71 77% of TN. The average percentage of NO3 N/TN was about 45 52% much higher than NH4+ N/TN of around 8 10% in runoff. Total dissolved phosphorus (TDP) made up about 48 59% of TP in runoff. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that sediment, runoff, and soil pH were the three key factors controlling nutrient loss. In conclusion, OHFR is recommended because it consistently outperformed other patterns in terms of reducing runoff, sediment, and nutrient losses.

title: The influence of nutrient management on soil organic carbon storage, crop production, and yield stability varies under different climates
abstract: Our understanding on how soil organic carbon (SOC) storage, crop yield, and yield stability are influenced by climate is limited. To critically examine this, the impact of long term =10 years) application of nutrient management practices on SOC storage, crop productivity, and yield stability were evaluated under different climatic conditions in China using a meta analysis approach. The cropping area of China was divided into four distinct groups based on local climatic conditions (warm dry, DW; warm moist, WM; cool dry, CD; cool moist, CM) Results indicated that the impact of nutrient management practices on SOC storage, crop yield, and yield stability varies under different climatic zone in China. The use of unbalanced mineral fertilizer (UMF) and balanced mineral fertilizer (BMF) led to a loss in SOC storage by 6% and 11% under CM climatic zone and gains in DW, WM, and CD climates. Organic fertilizers (OF) combined unbalanced mineral and organic fertilizers (UMOF) and combined balanced mineral and organic fertilizers (BMOF) were able to sustain and enhance SOC storage under all climatic conditions. However, the largest increase in SOC storage across all climates was seen for BMOF. Further, corresponding values of crop productivity and yield stability were also highest for BMOF among all the nutrient management treatments. A linear plateau model indicated that maximal yield responsive SOC stock (Copt) levels ranged from 33.43 to 45.51 Mg C ha 1 for rice (Oryza sativa) maize (Zea mays) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) production. To enhance and sustain SOC storage, and crop productivity of croplands under different climates, BMOF appears to be the most appropriate nutrient management strategy. Our findings demonstrate that it is essential to optimize nutrient management strategies according to the local climate to protect soil from SOC losses, and for achieving sustainable crop production.

title: Multivariate analysis in the evaluation of soil attributes in areas under different uses in the region of Humaita, AM
abstract: The recognition of the influence of management practices on soil physical and chemical conditions is substantial for sustainable agriculture. For this reason, this study was developed for the purpose of evaluating the behavior of soil attributes under different uses in the region of Humaita, AM, using multivariate statistical methods. The study was developed in 8 rural properties producing bananas, grassland, maize, coffee, cassava, vegetables, agroforestry system and a forest fragment. Samples of soils with preserved structure in the 0.0 0.10 and 0.10 0.20 m layers were randomly collected in 5 small trenches per area, totaling 32 samples in the management systems, to determine the physical and chemical attributes. The data were then submitted to univariate and multivariate statistical analysis. Exploratory data analysis (principal components and dendrogram) and frequency of environmental covariates was efficient in distinguishing production environments, so multivariate classification based on physical and chemical attributes of the soil can help in the proper planning of land use. The analysis of the principal components indicates that the BD presents direct dependence with the SPR, signaling the use of the soil with grassland the only one in the process of compaction. Soil acidity is the main limiting factor for crop development, requiring the adoption of pH corrective practices with improvements in nutrient supply. The conversion of the forest to grassland maintained the structural characteristics of the soil, while the other uses increased improvements in physical quality and soil fertility.