Query: Global sunflower cultivation

title: Critical limit of boron in acid laterite soil for cultivation of sunflower (Helianthus annus L.
abstract: The present investigation was carried out to study the critical limit of boron and its response to Sunflower (Helianthus annus L. in acid laterite soils of Odisha. This work will be of immense importance of recommending appropriate doses for soil boron application. The critical limit of boron in soil and plant is the level below which there is appreciable response to boron application. The concept of critical limit distinguishes deficiency from sufficiency, which could be employed to advice on need for nutrient fertilization. It has been realized as the second most important micronutrient constraint in crops after that of zinc (Zn) on global scale. Deficiency of B mainly occurs in acidic and lateritic soils. Its application only slightly above the optimum level proves to be toxic to plants. Therefore the study was taken up emphasizing the need for a careful appraisal of available B status in soils for judicious use of boron fertilizers and establishing the critical concentration of boron in Sunflower. The experiment was laid out in factorial completely randomised block design in laterite Soil during Zadi, in 2018 at AICRP on Micronutrients, department Soil science and Agricultural chemistry, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, with two factors (5 Soil types and 5 boron doses of 0kg boron/ha, 0.5kg boron/ha, 1.0kg boron/ha, 1.5kg boron/ha and 2kg boron/ha. with 25 treatments replicated twice. The plant height, seed dry weight and number of seeds per head showed positive and significant correlation with the soil boron application in all soil type except in soil type 2 and soil type 3 where the growth declined after kg/ha and kg/ha respectively. The critical limit of boron was found to be 0.58ppm in soil and 23.4 ppm in plants.

title: OPTIMIZATION OF CULTIVATION TECHNOLOGY OF SUNFLOWER HYBRIDS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE SOUTH OF UKRAINE
abstract: In Ukraine, more than 90% of vegetable fats are produced from sunflower seeds. This crop is attractive to agricultural producers of the Steppe zone due to low production expenditures for the cultivation, the stability of demand for seeds and its high price in the market. A comparison of the global economic indexes of the world agriculture shows that the main oil crop in the vast majority of countries of the world is soybean. However, in Ukraine from a historical point of view and as a result of the specific regional peculiarities, particularly, favor of the soil climatic conditions for cultivation of sunflower, the main oil crop was and is sunflower 1 2 3 The importance of this crop in food supply of the state, as well as an important export component, cannot be overestimated. Sunflower cultivation allows obtaining of two most important products, which have exceptional significance for the development of the food base of Ukraine it is, firstly, a valuable vegetable oil, which is not inferior to animal fats by its nutritional value, and, secondly, cake (meal) that is a very valuable ingredient for balancing forage by the protein and amino acids, which is widely used in livestock, poultry farming, fish farming, etc. 4 At present and on prospect, an actual problem is to increase the economic and energy efficiency of sunflower and to ensure the growing needs in high quality seeds at the expense of selection of hybrid assortment, optimization of plants density and application of scientifically substantiated fertilization system, including the

title: Life cycle assessment of sunflower cultivation on abandoned mine land for biodiesel production
abstract: Producing biofuel feedstock on marginal lands is a viable way to offset fossil fuel production, global warming, and other adverse environmental impacts, while at the same time performing positive ecosystem services by reclaiming unused areas with value producing activities. This research study explored low input production of sunflower biodiesel feedstock on abandoned mine land (AML) from coal mining refuse treated with bauxite residue (alkaline clay) through the lens of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) An attributional LCA was conducted from the gate of an aluminum production facility (which produces the bauxite residue) through AML amelioration and low input agricultural activities, to the gate of a biodiesel production facility. A 26 ha (ha) coal mine refuse pile located in Mather, PA, (91 km south of Pittsburgh) was used as an example location. Analysis of published agricultural data and greenhouse research led to a conservative sunflower oilseed yield of 500 kg/ha estimate, with a subsequent biodiesel yield of 190 kg/ha (217 l/ha) Results show substantial impact from the initial soil amendment process, however, when compared to complete restoration of the AML and other similar fuel production activities, overall environmental impacts over a twenty year production cycle are sensible. An alternative allocation of the bauxite residue transport (i.e. associating transport impacts to aluminum industry) and addition of other fuel conversion pathways would show an improved energy return and better environmental outlook from biofuel production on AML.

title: Spreading and global pathogenic diversity of sunflower downy mildew Review
abstract: Since almost a century, sunflower cultivation is endangered by Plasmopara halstedii (Farlow) Berlese de Toni, a biotrophic oomycete causing downy mildew symptoms. The pathogen has conquered four of the five continents, and through high genetic plasticity recurrently avoided being reliably controlled by the introduction of resistant host cultivars in sunflower production. This paper attempts to retrace the historic routes of sunflower downy mildew spreading from its North American origin into Europe, South America, Asia and Africa. An update of the global diversity of pathotypes will be provided and critically discussed. Finally, the limits of the currently applied bioassay based techniques for diversity assessment are pointed out and an alternative for continuous and area wide monitoring is discussed.

title: Sunflower Cultivation on Coal Mine Refuse Piles in Appalachia for Diesel Biofuel Production from a Life cycle Perspective
abstract: As demand for alternatives to petroleum fuels increases to meet renewable fuel policy requirements (an attempt to address global climate change concerns) both agricultural production of biofuel feedstock and feedstock to fuel conversion pathways must be examined for both energy efficiency and sustainability. The overarching agricultural method evaluated in this research is that of cultivating low input biofuel feedstock on marginal lands. With a growing body of literature on sunflower crops cultivated on marginal land, as well as previous work by these researchers, describing positive overall outcomes, this study extended the scope of that previous research conducted by this group, specifically, examining low input sunflower feedstock production on abandoned mine lands in the Appalachia, and subsequent feedstock conversion to diesel fuel alternatives. The previous life cycle assessment (LCA) demonstrated that growing sunflower feedstock on a specific abandoned coal mine refuse pile in Appalachia for production of biodiesel would be environmentally sound and net energy positive if conducted with low input agricultural practices, and if production continues five years after initial soil amelioration  This LCA normalized the data and generalized the method in order to apply them to over 1000 coal mine refuse piles in three Appalachian states located through global information systems (GIS) Additionally, this study included two conversion pathways for diesel replacement biofuels, namely transesterification of sunflower oilseed for biodiesel production included in the original LCA and fast pyrolysis of sunflower silage for green diesel production new to this study. The results of this study indicate when cultivating sunflower feedstock for biodiesel production on the average coal refuse pile in the Appalachian region produce approximately 11.6 barrels of biodiesel, plus 18.5 barrels of green diesel, with a similar environmental impact landscape to that of the specific site explored in the original LCA. Including the additional biofuel pathway of fast pyrolysis does alter the energy return outlook for the average Appalachian site, depending on the transportation distances and yields, the energy return varies greatly between sites, however overall environmental impacts only increase nominally. Site by site evaluation should be conducted before implementation to ensure the benefits outweigh negative impacts and a positive energy return is achieved. Because of the approximately 32 thousand barrels per year of renewable diesel biofuel which could be produced from 6642 ha of coal refuse piles in only three states, it is highly recommended that the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) consider expanding the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) to include biofuel production on marginal land for Renewable Identification Number (RIN) assignment.

title: Performance Evaluation of Sunflower (Helianthus annus L. under Cluster Front Line Demonstration Programme in Samastipur District, Bihar, India
abstract: India occupies a premium position in global oilseed scenario, accounting for 21% oilseed cultivation area and 15% of oilseed production. Edible oils and oil meals have a pivotal role in addressing malnutrition and caloric nutrition of human and animals population (Malik et al. 2014) Sunflower holds promising position among edible oilseed crops due to its premium oil quality and it fits well in cropping systems due to its sub duration, higher yield potential and wide adoptability to different agro climatic regions. It is widely cultivated in Karnataka, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh. In Bihar, it is cultivated in 0.31 million ha with a production of 0.22 million International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied  (2020)  http:/www.ijcmas.com

title: A harmonised systems wide re analysis of greenhouse gas emissions from sunflower oil production
abstract: Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L. is the largest source of vegetable oil in Europe and the fourth largest globally. Intensive cultivation and post harvest steps contribute to global food systems' greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, variation between production systems and reporting disparity have resulted in discordance in previous emissions estimates. To assess systems wide GHG implications of meeting increasing edible oil demand using sunflower, we performed a unified re analysis of primary life cycle inventory data, representing 995 farms in 11 countries, from a saturating search of published literature. Total GHG emissions varied from 1.1 to 4.2 kg CO2 equivalent per kg oil across systems, 62% of which originated from cultivation. Major emissions sources included diesel and fertiliser use, with irrigation electricity contributing most to between systems variation. Our harmonised, cross study re analysis not only enabled robust comparisons and identification of mitigation opportunities across sunflower oil production systems, but also lays the groundwork for comparisons between alternative oil crops.

title: Diverse Cytosteriles in Sunflower: A Review
abstract: The cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annuus L. is evolved in North America, but now it is cultivated in warm temperate, subtropical and tropical climates throughout the world. It is the fourth most important oilseed crop in the world after soybean, Rapeseed mustard and groundnut. It is extensively grown in Russia, Ukraine, Argentina, Rominia, China, Bulgaria, Spain, Kazakistan and India. It is taking prime position in the oilseed economy both at global and national level. From breeding point of view the constraints of extending sunflower cultivation may due to:

title: Effect of Sodium Azide in Yield and Yield Contributing Traits of Confectionary Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.
abstract: Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L. is one of the widely grown oilseed crop around the world. It is one of the useful contingent crops especially under rainfed cultivation owing to its day neutral nature and tolerance to temperature and soil moisture regimes (Natikar et al. 2013) Soybean, groundnut, rapeseed, mustard are the major competitors of Sunflower at global level. India is the fourth largest sunflower growing country among the world. Sunflower oil contains 4045% of edible along with high concentration of poly unsaturated fatty acids and it is recommended for heart patients. Two types of Sunflower are available in market viz. oil seed and confectionary type. Confectionary type of Sunflower is largely grown in Argentina. In European countries, kernels of confectionary sunflower are used in bakery products. As the seeds of confectionary sunflower is larger compared to oil seed type, the main aim of confectionary sunflower breeding is to develop low hull content lines with high yielding ability. The success of any crop improvement programme in meeting the various objectives is dependent upon availability of necessary genetic variation and to produce with latest technologies present in International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied  (2018)  http:/www.ijcmas.com

title: Zonal pathogen complex of sunflower in the left bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine
abstract: To determine a set of sunfl ower pathogens and their variability infl uenced by hydrothermal conditions of the crop growing season.  Over the period of 2007 2016, due to phytosanitary monitoring of breeding crops of the scientifi c crop rotation of the Plant Production Institute named after V.Ya. Yuriev of NAAS, the prevalence degree, development intensity and variability of sunfl ower diseases in the Eastern Forest Steppe of Ukraine were estimated. The hydrothermal coeffi cient (HTC) is presented for the sunfl ower growing season and by developmental phases of the crop.  Phomopsis blight (Phomopsis/Diaporthe helianthi Munt. Cvet. et al. gray mold (Botrytis cinerea Pers. dry rot (Rhizopus sp. charcoal rot (Sclerotium bataticolaTaub) and downy mildew (Plasmopara helianthi Novot. f. helianthi) were the most common diseases on sunfl ower in the Eastern Forest Steppe of Ukraine in 2007 2016. The weather conditions of 2007 2016 considerably varied and were characterized by fl uctuations in the hydrothermal coeffi cient (HTC) from 0.57 in 2009 to 1.1 in 2014. Assessing the incidence of the fi ve most common and harmful sunfl ower diseases (dry rot, charcoal rot, gray mold, Phomopsis blight, downy mildew) by cluster analysis for the ten year study period in relation to the weather conditions of a year, we found that both dry and charcoal rots were co associated with aridity, while downy mildew and gray mold were frequently promoted by waterlogging during a certain period of sunfl ower development. Unlike the other diseases, Phomopsis blight, being an annual disease, appears to have no clear dependence on any specifi c conditions.  Based on the phytosanitary monitoring results of crops in the Eastern Forest Steppe of Ukraine, the sunfl ower phytopathogen complex composition was determined. The prevalence degrees for Phomopsis blight, gray mold, dry rot, charcoal rot, and downy mildew as well as the development intensities of Phomopsis and gray mold were established. The co incidence of the fi ve most harmful sunfl ower diseases in the Eastern Forest Steppe of Ukraine (dry rot, charcoal rot, gray mold, Phomopsis blight, downy mildew) was evaluated during the ten year study period, depending on the weather conditions of a year.