Query: organic semiconductor environment

title: Review of Waterborne Organic Semiconductor Colloids for Photovoltaics.
abstract: Development of carbon neutral and sustainable energy sources should be considered as a top priority solution for the growing worldwide energy demand. Photovoltaics are a strong candidate, more specifically, organic photovoltaics (OPV) enabling the design of flexible, lightweight, semitransparent, and low cost solar cells. However, the active layer of OPV is, for now, mainly deposited from chlorinated solvents, harmful for the environment and for human health. Active layers processed from health and environmentally friendly solvents have over recent years formed a key focus topic of research, with the creation of aqueous dispersions of conjugated polymer nanoparticles arising. These nanoparticles are formed from organic semiconductors (molecules and macromolecules) initially designed for organic solvents. The topic of nanoparticle OPV has gradually garnered more attention, up to a point where in 2018 it was identified as a "trendsetting strategy" by leaders in the international OPV research community. Hence, this review has been prepared to provide a timely roadmap of the formation and application of aqueous nanoparticle dispersions of active layer components for OPV. We provide a thorough synopsis of recent developments in both nanoprecipitation and miniemulsion for preparing photovoltaic inks, facilitating readers in acquiring a deep understanding of the crucial synthesis parameters affecting particle size, colloidal concentration, ink stability, and more. This review also showcases the experimental levers for identifying and optimizing the internal donor acceptor morphology of the nanoparticles, featuring cutting edge X ray spectromicroscopy measurements reported over the past decade. The different strategies to improve the incorporation of these inks into OPV devices and to increase their efficiency (to the current record of 7.5% are reported, in addition to critical design choices of surfactant type and the advantages of single component vs binary nanoparticle populations. The review naturally culminates by presenting the upscaling strategies in practice for this environmentally friendly and safer production of solar cells.

title: Highly efficient and stable photocatalytic activity of lead free Cs2AgInCl6 double perovskite for organic pollutant degradation.
abstract: Photocatalytic applications of halide perovskites have attracted increasing attention. However, lack of stability and lead toxicity of lead halide perovskites have hindered their applications. Metal halide double perovskite (DP) Cs2AgInCl6 is a stable, environment friendly semiconductor with direct band gap, and then the best promising alternative to lead halide perovskites. Here, the applications of Cs2AgInCl6 DP to photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants have been developed, in which the octahedral Cs2AgInCl6 DP particles ~3.33 eV) were prepared by precipitation from acid solutions. The as prepared samples exhibit high photocatalytic activity, which can degrade about 98.5% of water insoluble carcinogen Sudan Red III in only 16 min, and have a good stability for 5 cycle operations. Furthermore, the Cs2AgInCl6 DP also can degrade Rhodamine B, Methyl orange and Methyl red efficiently, demonstrating a highly efficient and stable ethanol solvent based photocatalytic system for organic pollutants degradation. The high photocatalytic activity could be attributed to direct band gap and long carrier lifetime of Cs2AgInCl6 DP. These unique features of Cs2AgInCl6 DP indicate that it could have a good application prospect for photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants.

title: GaOOH modified metal organic frameworks UiO 66 NH2: Selective and sensitive sensing four heavy metal ions in real wastewater by electrochemical method.
abstract: Heavy metal pollution in the environment poses a serious threat to the ecosystem and human health, which has attracted widespread attention. In this study, an octahedral structure composite composed of UiO 66 NH2 MOFs and semiconductor GaOOH materials has been prepared and used as electrode materials successfully. These composites can be used for the real time and online determination of Cd2+ Cu2+ Hg2+ and Pb2+ in real water samples simultaneously or alone via an electrochemical method. Zr MOF has a large and unique surface area that is beneficial to the adsorption and preconcentration of heavy metal ions. The experiment parameters such as pH, deposition potential, and deposition time were optimized. Under the optimized conditions, the electrochemical performances and practical applications of Zr MOF composites modified electrode have been investigated, which shows excellent wider linear range and lower detection limit (LOD) The results demonstrated excellent selectivity, reproducibility, stability and applicability for the detection of four metal ions. These superior features stem from the synergistic reaction mechanism of UiO 66 NH2 and GaOOH. In addition, it has been established a new detection strategy for heavy metal ions through the form of metal organic framework (MOF) composite in this work. It may provide a novel platform for the quantitative determination of heavy metal ions in various environmental samples.

title: A review of graphene TiO2 and graphene ZnO nanocomposite photocatalysts for wastewater treatment.
abstract: Technologies for wastewater remediation have been growing ever since the environmental and health concern is realised. Development of nanomaterials has enabled mankind to have different methods to treat the various kind of inorganic and organic pollutants present in wastewater from many resources. Among the many materials, semiconductor materials have found many environmental applications due to their outstanding photocatalytic activities. TiO2 and ZnO are more effectively used as photocatalyst or adsorbents in the withdrawal of inorganic as well as organic wastes from the wastewater. On the other hand, graphene is tremendously being investigated for applications in environmental remediation in view of the superior physical, optical, thermal and electronic properties of graphene nanocomposites. In this work, graphene TiO2 and graphene ZnO nanocomposites have been reviewed for photocatalytic wastewater treatment. The various preparation techniques of these nanocomposites have been discussed. Also, different design strategies for graphene based photocatalyst have been revealed. These nanocomposites exhibit promising applications in most of the water purification processes which are reviewed in this work. Along with this, the development of these nanocomposites using biomass derived graphene has also been introduced.

title: A critical review on challenges and trend of ultrapure water production process.
abstract: The recent and vigorous developments in semiconductor technology strictly request better quality and large quantity of ultrapure water (UPW) for their production. It is crucial to secure a large amount of raw water for the future development of UPW production. Using reclaimed water as alternative raw water source to produce UPW is therefore considered the feasible trend and solution for sustainable use of water resources towards a common future practice in UPW production. The challenge of using reclaimed water is due to its higher content of organic pollutants, especially small molecule organic pollutants such as urea, which are difficult to remove through traditional UPW production process. Consequently, improving the existing UPW production process to meet the water standard desired in the semiconductor industry is essential. This paper reviewed the current traditional processes for removing organic matters in UPW production, including ion exchange (IX) adsorption, granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorption, reverse osmosis (RO) and ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. The potential problems in the actual UPW production process were identified when using reclaimed water as raw water source. A new strategy of applying the advanced oxidation process (AOPs) to UPW production as a supplementary unit to guarantee UPW quality was proposed. Its feasibility and research focus were then analyzed and discussed in obtaining a new solution for a future development of the UPW production process.

title: Inhibition of anammox activity by municipal and industrial wastewater pollutants: A review.
abstract: The use of the anammox process for nitrogen removal has gained popularity across the world due to its low energy consumption and waste generation. Anammox reactors have been used to treat ammonium rich effluents such as chemical, pharmaceutical, semiconductor, livestock, and coke oven wastewater. Recently, full scale installations have been implemented for municipal wastewater treatment. The efficiency of biological processes is susceptible to inhibitory effects of pollutants present in wastewater. Considering the increasing number of emerging contaminants detected in wastewater, the impacts of the different types of pollutants on anammox bacteria must be understood. This review presents a compilation of the studies assessing the inhibitory effects of different wastewater pollutants towards anammox activity. The pollutants were classified as antibiotics, aromatics, azoles, surfactants, microplastics, organic solvents, humic substances, biodegradable organic matter, or metals and metallic nanoparticles. The interactions between the pollutants and anammox bacteria have been described, as well as the interactions between different pollutants leading to synergistic effects. We also reviewed the effects of pollutants on distinct species of anammox bacteria, and the main toxicity mechanisms leading to irreversible loss of anammox activity have been identified. Finally, we provided an analysis of strategies to overcome the inhibitory effects of wastewater pollutants on the nitrogen removal performance. We believe this review will contribute with essential information to assist the operation and design of anammox reactors treating different types of wastewaters.

title: Improving Photocatalytic Performance Using Nanopillars and Micropillars
abstract: A recent research emphasis has been placed on the development of highly crystallized nanostructures as a useful technology for many photocatalytic applications. With the unique construction of semiconductor transition metal oxide nanostructures in the form of nanopillars artificially designed pillar shaped structures grouped together in lattice type arrays the surface area for photocatalytic potential is increased and further enhanced through the introduction of dopants. This short review summarizes the work on improving the efficiency of photocatalyst nanopillars through increased surface area and doping within the applications of water splitting, removal of organic pollutants from the environment, photoswitching, soot oxidation, and photothermalization.

title: Fiber Shaped Triboiontronic Electrochemical Transistor
abstract: Contact electrification activated triboelectric potential offers an efficient route to tuning the transport properties in semiconductor devices through electrolyte dielectrics, i.e. triboiontronics. Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) make more effective use of ion injection in the electrolyte dielectrics by changing the doping state of the semiconductor channel. However, the mainstream flexible/wearable electronics and OECT based devices are usually modulated by electrical signals and constructed in conventional geometry, which lack direct and efficient interaction between the external environment and functional electronic devices. Here, we demonstrate a fiber shaped triboiontronic electrochemical transistor with good electrical performances, including a current on/off ratio as high as 1286 with off current at ~nA level, the average threshold displacements (Dth) of 0.3 mm, the subthreshold swing corresponding to displacement (SSD) at 1.6 mm/dec, and excellent flexibility and durability. The proposed triboiontronic electrochemical transistor has great potential to be used in flexible, functional, and smart self powered electronic textile.

title: Cocatalysts from types, preparation to applications in the field of photocatalysis.
abstract: With the rapid development of society, the burden of energy and the environment is becoming more and more serious. Photocatalytic hydrogen production, the photosynthesis of organic fuel, and the photodegradation of pollutants are three effective ways to reduce these burdens using semiconductor photocatalysts. To improve the reaction efficiency of photocatalysts, a small amount of cocatalyst is often added when photocatalysts participate in the synthesis or decomposition reaction. The addition of this small amount of cocatalyst is like a finishing touch, significantly increasing the activity of the photocatalysts. However, in our common study of photocatalysis, we often pay attention to the study of photocatalysts but ignore the study of cocatalysts. Herein, we summarize the recent application research on cocatalysts in the field of photocatalysis, starting from the types, preparation methods, and reaction mechanisms among others, to remind researchers of the matters needing attention when using cocatalysts.

title: Diketopyrrolopyrrole Based Organic Semiconductor Materials for Field Effect Transistors
abstract: Over the past several decades, organic conjugated materials as semiconductors in organic field effect transistors (OFETs) have attracted more and more attention from the scientific community due to their intriguing properties of mechanical flexibility and solution processability. However, the device fabrication technique, design, and synthesis of novel organic semiconductor materials with high charge carrier mobility is crucial for the development of high performance OFETs. In the past few years, more and more novel materials were designed and tested in the OFETs. Among which, diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) and its derivatives, as the electron acceptors to build donor acceptor (D A) typed materials, are the perspective. In this article, recently reported molecules regarding the DPP and its derivatives for OFETs application are reviewed. In addition, the relationship between the chemical structures and the performance of the device are discussed. Furthermore, an outlook of DPP based materials in OFETs with a future design concept and the development trend are provided.