Query: Yield of Maize under nitrogen fertilizer

title: Effects of nitrogen fertilizer rates and waterlogging on leaf physiological characteristics and grain yield of maize
abstract: Nitrogen fertilizer supply and use play a vital role in determining crop growth and yield. However, the effects of nitrogen fertilizer levels on plant growth under waterlogging conditions remain elusive. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of nitrogen fertilizer rates (0, 90, 180, 270, and 360 kg N ha 1, designated N0, N1, N2, N3, and N4, respectively) on leaf physiological characteristics and grain yield of maize (Zea mays L. under two water regimes (WW or well watered through the maize grown season and WL or waterlogged for six days at the sixth leaf stage) Overall, in comparison to WW, WL treatment showed a reduction in the following traits, at all nitrogen rates: plant height, leaf area index, SPAD value, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase activity, net photosynthetic rate (P n) transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, ears per ha, kernels per ear, 1,000 kernel weight, and grain yield. Moreover, the majority of the above parameters increased with the increase in nitrogen application rate under WL, as a result of the enhanced available nitrogen content at higher nitrogen application rates. Therefore, increasing supply levels of nitrogen fertilizer could improve antioxidant enzyme activity and P n, consequently producing increased maize grain yield under waterlogged conditions.

title: Exploring Black Soldier Fly Frass as Novel Fertilizer for Improved Growth, Yield, and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Maize Under Field Conditions
abstract: Black soldier fly frass fertilizer (BSFFF) is increasingly gaining momentum worldwide as organic fertilizer. However, research on its performance on crop production remains largely unknown. Here, we evaluate the comparative performance of BSFFF and commercial organic fertilizer (SAFI) on maize (H513) production. Both fertilizers were applied at the rates of 0, 2.5, 5, and 7.5 t ha 1, and 0, 30, 60, and 100 kg nitrogen (N) ha 1. Mineral fertilizer (urea) was also applied at 0, 30, 60 and 100 kg N ha 1 to establish the N fertilizer equivalence (NFE) of the organic fertilizers. Maize grown in plots treated with BSFFF had the tallest plants and highest chlorophyll concentrations. Plots treated with 7.5 t ha 1 of BSFFF had 14% higher grain yields than plots treated with a similar rate of SAFI. There was a 27% and 7% increase in grain yields in plots treated with 100 kg N ha 1 of BSFFF compared to those treated with equivalent rates of SAFI and urea fertilizers, respectively. Application of BSFFF at 7.5 t ha 1 significantly increased N uptake by up to 23% compared to the equivalent rate of SAFI. Likewise, application of BSFFF at 100 kg N ha 1 increased maize N uptake by 76% and 29% compared to SAFI and urea, respectively. Maize treated with BSFFF at 2.5 t ha 1 and 30 kg N ha 1 had higher nitrogen recovery efficiencies compared to equivalent rates of SAFI. The agronomic N use efficiency (AEN) of maize treated with 2.5 t ha 1 of BSFFF was 2.4 times higher than the value achieved using an equivalent rate of SAFI. Also, the AEN of maize grown using 30 kg N ha 1 was 27% and 116% higher than the values obtained using equivalent rates of SAFI and urea fertilizers, respectively. The NFE of BSFFF (108% was 2.5 times higher than that of SAFI. Application rates of 2.5 t ha 1 and 30 kg N ha 1 of BSFFF were found to be effective in improving maize yield, while double rates of SAFI were required. Our findings demonstrate that BSFFF is a promising and sustainable alternative to commercial fertilizers for increased maize production.

title: Effects of interaction between elevated atmospheric CO 2 concentration and nitrogen fertilizer on photosynthetic characteristic and yield of maize
abstract: Since the industrial revolution, the concentration of atmospheric CO2 has increased from 280 mmolmol to 400 mmolmol. Nitrogen is a necessary element for many important enzyme mediated processes in plant growth and is the pri256 Zhong Guo Sheng Tai Nong Ye Xue Bao (Zhong Ying  http:/www.ecoagri.ac.cn mary nutrient needed for plant growth. Among different C4 crops grown worldwide, including China, maize is the most widely planted crop. Clear answers regarding the effect of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration (eCO2) on corn growth and the interaction between eCO2 and nitrogen fertilizers (N) are yet not to be attained. Studying the impact of eCO2 on maize growth under different nitrogen supply conditions is important to assess the role of climate change in the C4 crop growth. A Free Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) facility was used in this experiment. The FACE facility has six octagon loops for eCO2, (550+ 15) mmolmol, and six additional octagon loops for ambient CO2 concentration of (400+ 15) mmolmol (aCO2) three of which are eCO2 experimental loops and the other three are aCO2 experimental loops applied with conventional nitrogen fertilizer, 180 kg(N)*hm (CN) The rest are low nitrogen, 72 kg(N)*hm (LN) application treatments. Twelve experimental loops were arranged randomly in the maize field, with the plants spacing of 25 cm and a rows spacing of 60 cm. Results showed that under eCO2, the chlorophyll concentration of maize seedling leaves increased significantly by 9.5% and the net photosynthetic rate increased by 9.0% at the tasseling stage. During the maize growth period, eCO2 significantly enhanced the intercellular CO2 concentration by 34.8%48.5% and 40.0%49.4% under low nitrogen and conventional nitrogen application conditions, respectively. In addition, the stomatal conductance decreased by 21.6% and 22.1% at the 12 leaf and the tasseling stages, respectively. As a consequence of decreased stomatal conductance, the efficiency of water consumption in maize leaves increased by 12.9% 9.8% and 18.8% at the 12 leaf stage, tasseling stage and filling stage, respectively. eCO2 also decreased Non Photochemical Quenching (NPQ) and increased PSII effective photochemical quantum yield (Fv/Fm) value. At the same nitrogen fertilizer (N) level, eCO2 had no significant effect on the maize yield. Secondly, the interaction of eCO2 and a reasonable increase of N application rate promoted the chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, and Fv/Fm of maize functional leaves. For instance, the chlorophyll content of functional leaves for CN eCO2 against LN aCO2 increased by 17.3% and 10.7% respectively, at the 12 leaf and tasseling stages. The combination of eCO2 and a reasonable increase in the N application achieved the maximized maize yield, indicating the promotional effect of N application under the eCO2 conditions. Appropriate application of nitrogen fertilizer has the potential to promote the growth and development of maize crop under eCO2 conditions in future.

title: The Effect of Different Rates of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Cow Dung on Yield and Yield Components of Maize Varieties (Zea mays L. in Mubi, Adamawa State, Nigeria
abstract: Field experiments to study the performance of maize varieties (Zea mays L. under different rates of nitrogen fertilizer and cow dung in Mubi, Adamawa State, Nigeria were conducted in 2014 and 2015 cropping seasons at the Food and Agricultural Organization/Tree Crops Plantation (FAO/TCP) Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Adamawa State University Mubi. A split plot design was adopted for the study with two maize varieties assigned to the main plots and nitrogen with cow dung assigned to the subplots in a factorial combination. Nitrogen rates of 0, 60 and 120 kg N ha 1 and cow dung 0, 1 and 2 ton ha 1 were used. Data were collected on number of cobs per plant, cob length, 100 grain weight and grain yield per hectare. Data collected were subjected to analysis of variance using SAS system for windows 9.2 version 2005 and treatment means were separated using Duncan Multiple Range Test. Result showed that the effect of nitrogen fertilizer on the yield and yield parameters increased significantly with the use of 120 kg N per ha recording the highest for cob length (17.68 cm) 100 grain weighs (32.89 g) and grain yield (5658.3 kg) The control plot produced the least. Application of 2 ton ha 1 cow dung exhibited the highest yield. there was an interaction of variety with nitrogen on cob length and grain yield. Application of 120 kg N ha significantly increased the yield of Quality Protein Maize (QPM) along with 2 ton ha 1 cow dung. Original Research Article Audu; JAERI, 21(2) 1 8, 2020; Article no.JAERI.55031 2

title: RESPONSE OF MAIZE (ZEA MAYS L. HYBRIDS TO DIFFERENT LEVELS OF NITROGEN FERTILIZER AND PLANT DENSITY ON YIELD AND ITS COMPONENTS
abstract: Conventional planting, poor fertilizer management and improper row spacing are the major constraints in the reduction of yield and yield components of maize. The present investigation was carried out during 2017 and 2018 seasons at the Agricultural Research and Experiment Station, of Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza. The objectives were to evaluate the effect of population density and row spacing on yield and other morphological characteristics of three commercial maize hybrids and study the effect of different plant density and various nitrogen fertilizer levels on yield and yield components. Three single cross hybrids were evaluated under three levels of plant density (control 57600, medium 72000 and high 86400 plants/ha) and three rats of N fertilizer (low 216, medium 288 and high 360 kg N/ha) A split split plot design in a randomized complete block arrangement was used with three replications. Results indicated that the effect of nitrogen rate, row spacing and cultivars on plant height, ear height, leaf area, number of leaves/plant, number of rows/ear, number of grains/row, ear weight/plant, 100 grain weight, grain yield/plant and grain yield/ha were significant. Nitrogen rates of high dose 360 kg/ha recorded the highest grain yield of (10.0 9.0 ton/ha) the high rate of plant density 86400 plant/ha produced highest grain yield of (10.8 10.4 ton/ha) and the best cultivar SC P3444 recorded the highest grain yield of (9.8 9.0 ton/ha) respectively in both seasons were obtained. This study concluded that increasing maize grain yield was obvious by applying high rate of plant density 86400 plant/ha and high dose of nitrogen rates 360 kg/ha.

title: Effects of application amount and different proportion of loss control urea on nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency and yield of drip irrigation maize under plastic film mulching.

title: Genetic Studies of Grain Yield and other Agronomic Traits of LowN Maize Zea mays L Using a Diallel Cross under Nitrogen Fertilizer Levels
abstract: Ten low N open pollinated maize varieties were converted to inbred line after six generations of selfing and used to study the genetic effects of grain yield and other agronomic traits. The 10 inbred lines were crossed in all possible combinations to generate 90 F1 hybrids (45 crosses and 45 reciprocals) The 90 F1 along with their parents were evaluated at the Teaching and Research Farms of Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti and Osun State University, Ejigbo in 2017, using two environments created by levels of N (low and high) The design at each location was a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with two replicates. Data were collected on plant height, ear height, days to 50% anthesis, days to 50% silking, incidence of curvularia leaf spot, blight, plant aspect, ear aspect, ear rot, stay green, cob per plant, ear weight, grain moisture content and grain yield. All data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance. Specific combining ability (SCA) and general combing ability (GCA) were obtained for the traits. The mean yield of the hybrids (6,444.42 t/ha) and reciprocal (5,971.64 t/ha) were significantly higher than their parents (2,212.84 t/ha) Significant GCA, SCA and reciprocal were recorded for all traits. Hybrids showed better performance compared with parental lines demonstrating heterotic effect. The ratio of GCA/SCA mean square revealed that non additive gene action was more important for all the traits except ear height, blight, stay green and cob per plant. The uses of diallel design to estimate GCA and SCA showed that the use of reciprocal recurrent selection procedure could be adopted in incorporating Low N traits into elite maize varieties.

title: Effect of Plant Density and Nitrogen Fertilizer Rate on Grain Yield of Late Maturing Maize Hybrid BH661
abstract: The yield potential of maize continuously shifted with modification of plant density and nitrogen level because of high mobile nature of available nitrogen and continues releasing of new hybrid with high nitrogen requirements. Thus modification of these factors to optimum level significantly increases the grain yield of the crop. Based on this concept, a field experiment was conducted at four locations for three consecutive years (2016 2018) to determine the optimum plant density and nitrogen level for late maturing maize hybrid. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design in factorial arrangement with three replications. Four plant density viz. 44444, 53333, 62500 and 66666 with five nitrogen levels viz. 69, 92, 115, 138 and 161 kg ha 1 were combined by factorial combinations and tested in the experimental plots to select the optimum level for high yield. The result indicated that increasing in plant density produced tall plants with weak stalk strength ultimately resulted high lodging under highest plant density. The maximum grain yield (7838.1kilo gram per hectare) obtained under optimum plant density (53333 plants per hectare with application of 115 kilo gram nitrogen per hectare) This result showed 29% and 24.4% yield advantages compared to the standard check and satellite check respectively. Similarly application of 115 kg N /ha under 53333 plant densities was the most profitable compared to other combinations. Thus the previous recommended plant density, 44444 plants/ ha with application of 92 kg N /ha is insufficient for hybrid BH661 cultivation. Slightly higher plant density and nitrogen level, 53333 plants per hectare with application of 115 kg N ha 1 are suitable for the high yield of hybrid maize BH 661 during main seasons.

title: Genetic Studies of Grain Yield and other Agronomic Traits of Low N Maize (Zea mays L. Using a Diallel Cross under Nitrogen Fertilizer Levels

title: Effects of Varieties and Nitrogen Fertilizer on Yield and Yield Components of Maize on Farmers Field in Mid Altitude Areas of Western Ethiopia
abstract: Yield of maize hybrids could be low when grown below optimum management practices. Use of improved varieties and optimum nitrogen fertilizer application practices are unlocking the high yielding potential of hybrids maize. With these in view, a field experiment was executed on farmers' field to determine the effect of varieties and nitrogen fertilizer rate on yield and yield components of maize in two cropping seasons. It is laid out with randomized complete block design in factorial arrangement with three replications. Five maize varieties (BH 540, BH 543, BH 661, BH 660, and BH 140) as main factor and two levels of nitrogen (55 and 110 Kg N ha 1) as subfactor were used with one maize variety (BH 543) without fertilizer as control. Leaf area and leaf area index of maize varieties were significantly affected by application of nitrogen fertilizer rates. Interaction of maize varieties with nitrogen fertilizer rates significantly affected all yield and yield components of maize. Application of half and full recommended nitrogen fertilizer produced mean grain yield advantages of 31 and 41% over control. Therefore, application of half and full recommended nitrogen fertilizer for improved maize varieties has significantly improved grain yield and recommended for maize production in midaltitude area of western Ethiopia.