Query: fossilization in second language acquisition

title: FOSSILIZATION IN ADULT SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION
abstract: The article is devoted to peculiarities of the process of fossilization in adult second language acquisition (ASLA) It determines the relevance of current research due to the lack of consensual opinion on this issue in research community. Within second language acquisition study psycholinguistic comprehension of nature of fossilization deals with investigation of two prominent challenges in SLA: How to achieve a native like level of proficiency in second language (L2) Why is complete acquisition in L2 unachievable? The presented paper accents a danger of unnoticed or/and unconscious phonetic, grammar, lexical, stylistic, discourse errors, that lead to development of approximate system, or, in other words, interlanguage (IL) that is a transitional system within a study of language fossilization, popularized by Selinker in 1972. It reveals the difference between two close phenomena of fossilization and plateau. The first one has a permanent nature, it is much more difficult to be overcome, since making errors without awareness learners establish transitional version of language, that should be L2, but actually is approximate system. In other words, in this chain a donor is L1, a target is L2, but, in fact, a true recipient is IL. The article gives an overview of fossilization`s nature. Since intermediate level learners tend to estimate their experience as successful, for them it seems they realize how L2 works itself, students hope they comprehend a sense and true <mechanisms> of it. What is important, they are not afraid of making inference. Since this point they start comparing, then combining, and finally transferring in order to produce effective language output of more near native complexity, they apply principles and rules of their native language to L2. That is how fossilization works. Plateau, in its turn, is a temporary phase, which can be overcome by learners upon condition they are provided with certain pedagogical techniques and effective learning strategies.

title: Fossilization in Second Language Acquisition: Preventive Strategies for Foreign Learners of Persian
abstract: The fossilization or stabilization phenomenon in intelanguage is proposed by Selinker in 1972. This phenomenon occurs in learner's second language and it is one of the features of second language learners which is derived from deviance of the native speaker norms and lack of second language development. This paper investigated fossilization or stabilization factor, important factors in the phenomenon, and its variety in linguistics at different levels. It is also explained by examples of the errors of Persian Learners of Russian. The cited errors were extracted from writing essays of Persian learners of Russian at the intermediate level. Finally, some 1(DOI)  M.A in Linguistics, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran; ma_es660@alumni.um.ac.ir 3 Associate Prof. of Linguistics, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Iran;  2016 http:/jlr.alzahra.ac.ir strategies were suggested to overcome the affective factor in the process of a second language learning, in order to use them in Persian teaching for foreigners. According to the purposes of this study, the results of understanding and diagnosis of phenomenon will be effective in better understanding and development of Persian learning for foreigners. Also, the presented preventive strategies will improve and develop Persian language learning for nonPersian language speakers.

title: Challenging Fossilization The Role of Motivation in Second Language Acquisition
abstract: This paper intends to demonstrate whether high levels of motivation can ultimately be instrumental in overcoming Language fossilization. An overview of the hypothesis is provided before approaching the issue from the perspective of bilingualism, and the expectations built around second language students. Lastly, a series of case studies in which participants were reported to have attained outstanding proficiency were analysed. The findings indicate that there is an evident correlation between strong levels of motivation and linguistic achievement, but the attempt to make direct comparisons of L1 and L2 speakers in terms of their language attainment might be problematic.

title: FOSSILIZATION IN SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION SOME EXPERIMENTAL DATA FROM THE SECOND LANGUAGE CLASSROOM
abstract: Higgs and Clifford (1982) claim that grammatical accuracy must be stressed before communicative modes of language instruction can be undertaken. Implicit in this article is that grammar must be taught deductively and that students taught second languages through the use of communicative models, in which grammar is inductively taught, do not learn grammar. In this study, experimental sections of first semester Spanish courses were taught using the natural approach methodology and control sections were taught by instructors using a modihed grammar translation methodology including deductive grammar instruction. Students from all sections took the same department administered discretepoint exams. The data presented herein show that the experimental sections outperformed the sections taught by traditional grammar translation methods.

title: Domestic Theoretical Framework and Analysis of Inter language and its Fossilization in Second Language Acquisition
abstract: In this paper, the country's second language acquisition and Interlanguage Fossilization and analysis framework to dis cuss issues, analyzed a brief overview of the theory and cognition. From the perspective of the development of interlanguage do theanalysis shows that at the same time the concrete expression of their major characteristics and the problems that exist in theirstudy, which focused on the petrochemical phenomenon. We hope to explore the genesis and development process, can make morepeople aware of the limitations of its importance with the current study, but also hope that we can continue with their studies, sothat one of the limitations to break through, so as to enhance the second language Acquisition learners use interlanguage level, andfind relevant solutions to their fossilization.

title: A Study of Interlanguage Fossilization in Second Language Acquisition and Its Teaching Implications
abstract: In the course of learning English, inter language fossilization is a widely present and inevitable phenomenon, which deserves to arouse the attention of language educators and learners. Through introducing the definition and classification of fossilization, this paper finds out the major causes of fossilization and implies some teaching methods to lessen its negative effects. Index Terms fossilization, interlanguage, teaching implication

title: Strategies for Preventing and Resolving Temporary Fossilization in Second Language Acquisition.
abstract: Based on the practice of college English teaching and learning in China, the paper reviews the phenomenon and causes of the temporary fossilization in second language acquisition and offers some corresponding strategies for preventing and surmounting the obstacles in the hope of promoting the reactivation of the next climax.

title: Studies of fossilization in second language acquisition
abstract: Preface 1.  ZhaoHong Han and Terence Odlin 2. Researching fossilization and second language (L2) attrition: Easy questions, difficult answers Constancio Nakuma (Universidade de Santiago de Compostela) 3. Establishing Ultimate Attainment in a Particular Second Language Grammar Donna Lardiere (Georgetown University) 4.  Can Grammaticality Judgment Be a Reliable Source of Evidence? ZhaoHong Han (Teachers College, Columbia University) 5. Fossilization in L2 and L3 Terence Odlin, Rosa Alonso Alonso (Universidade de Santiago de Compostela) and Cristina Alonso Vazquez (Universidad de Castilla Ila Mancha) 6. Child Second Language Acquisition and the Fossilization Puzzle Usha Lakshmanan (Southern Illinois University at Carbondale) 7. Emergent Fossilization Brian MacWhinney (Carnegie Mellon University) 8. Fossilization,  9. Why Not Fossilization David Birdsong (University of Texas at Austin) 10. Second Language Acquisition and the Issue of Fossilization: There is no end, and there is no state Diane Larsen Freeman (University of Michigan) Afterword Larry Selinker (New York University)

title: Teaching implications and fossilization in the field of second language acquisition
abstract: Correcting and providing feedback to avoid committing errors is nowadays not deemed by many researchers as relevant as it indeed is. These advocate both interesting and risky theories about corrections' ineffectiveness on students. Accordingly, research have established a probable connection among the inexistence of correction and feedback by teachers and the notion of fossilization. The term, belonging to the SLA (second language acquisition) field was appropriated to refer to the cessation of learner's acquirement of a second language. The aim of this paper is to review the notion of fossilization since its beginnings in correspondence with correction and feedback, displaying research that may accentuate the importance of both to avoid learners' stagnation of further acquirements in a second language.

title: Onthe Effect of Lexical Chunks in Overcoming Fossilization in Second Language Acquisition
abstract: Fossilization is an unavoidable problem in SLA(Second Language Acquisition).Many researchers analyzes the causes form the perspectives of transfer of mother tongue and learning strategies and also give suggestions accordingly.With grammatical rules,structural completeness and semantic function,lexical chunks are the key to elimination of errors in fossilization and fluent expression in SLA.Thus,from multi dimensional perspectives of cognitive psychology,cross culture communication and neurolinguistics,this paper finds lexical chunks have the active effect in overcoming fossilization in SLA.