Query: Hydraulic excavator

title: A Novel Energy Recovery System Integrating Flywheel and Flow Regeneration for a Hydraulic Excavator Boom System
abstract: Implementing an energy recovery system (ERS) is an effective solution to improve energy efficiency for hydraulic excavators (HEs) A flywheel energy recovery system (FERS) is proposed based on this concept. A hydraulic pump motor (PM) is employed as the energy conversion component and a flywheel is used as the energy storage component. Since the pressure is low because the bucket is usually empty as the boom lowers, a relatively large PM should be used in the FERS. To overcome this drawback, a novel compound energy recovery system integrating flywheel and flow regeneration (FFERS) is proposed in this paper. The working principle of the system is analyzed in detail. The introduction of flow regeneration has two benefits; one is downsizing the displacement of PM and the other one is an extra improvement of energy efficiency. The primary parameters of both are matched based on a 4 t excavator. Compared with the PM used in the FERS, the PM displacement in the FFERS is reduced by 71% For comparison, a general model that can operate in either the FERS mode or the FFERS mode is developed in AMESim. The modeling results show that the FFERS with a downsized PM contributes a 13% increase in energy recovery and reutilization efficiency (62% as compared with the FERS.

title: Parameter Matching and Control of Series Hybrid Hydraulic Excavator Based on Electro Hydraulic Composite Energy Storage
abstract: Traditional excavators driven by diesel engine have poor emissions and low energy efficiency. Pure electric driven excavators have high cost and limited endurance. Therefore, at present, hybrid power train system is an ideal candidate for excavators to realize energy saving and emission reduction. In this paper, a novel series hybrid hydraulic excavator based on electro hydraulic composite energy storage, which provides the average power of the system through the diesel engine, and the battery and accumulator are used as the intermediate energy storage devitalize the output current of the battery, and improve the service life of the battery, is proposed. Advantages of high energy density of battery and high power density of hydraulic accumulator are synthetically utilized. A 7 ton crawler excavator is taken as the research object, according to typical load spectrum, through analysis method and modeling method, and using dynamic programming (DP) to optimize the parameters of the novel series power train system. The control strategy of the power system is further studied, and the AMESim and Simlink co simulation models of the transmission system is established to verify the feasibility of the system. At last, the experimental platform is built. Experiments are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the power train system.

title: Influence of Restrictions on Range of View From Cockpit in Operation of Hydraulic Excavator
abstract: We investigated the effect of restricting the field of view from the cockpit on the operation of a hydraulic excavator. We developed a computer simulation for the turning operation of an excavator and we performed an experiment. In the experiment, we recorded the operation time required to complete various reaching tasks. We found that the operation time depends on the distance from the start position to the target position, target size, and the field of view width. We propose an extension to Fitts' law model to represent the operation time according to the operation's index of difficulty, which consists of the target distance, target size, and field of view width. The developed model was evaluated by the simulation results and the results obtained by an experiment with an actual hydraulic excavator. We observed significant improvement in the coefficient of determination between the operation time obtained by the experiments and the proposed index of difficulty.

title: Modeling, Simulation, and Analysis of Auto Warming Up and Overheat Prevention System in Komatsu Hydraulic Excavator PC 200 8
abstract: Komatsu PC 200 8 hydraulic excavator is one of the most popular heavy equipment machine models, widely used in general sectors: construction, agriculture, and plantation. This excavator is equipped with electrical system, hydraulic system, and mechatronic system. All actuator movement in this excavator are controlled by mechatronic system. High skilled mechanics are needed to maintain the mechatronic system in this excavator. Good training method is needed to produce a skillful mechanic. The training method is conducted by theoretical introduction of the mechatronic system and followed by practice in laboratories, workshops, as well as in the field. In this project, mechatronic system simulator for Komatsu hydraulic excavator is developed to simulate auto warming up and overheat prevention system for the training purpose. The simulator has been tested in training and based on interviews with trainees, the simulator can help the learning process in the training and improve trainee knowledge and understand to operate and maintain the control system on hydraulic excavator.

title: Research on efficient driving method of heavy hydraulic excavator boom
abstract: There is a lot of gravitational potential energy waste when hydraulic excavators work, which seriously affects the efficiency of the whole machine and produces a large amount of emissions. In order to reduce the energy consumption and emissions of large hydraulic excavators which the boom is driven by two hydraulic cylinders, an integrated drive and potential energy recuperation principle is proposed. In the implementation, the original two chamber hydraulic cylinders are replaced by three chamber hydraulic cylinders with energy storage chambers, and the energy storage chambers are directly connected with the hydraulic accumulator. The dead weight of the working device is balanced by the initial hydraulic pressure of the hydraulic accumulator, and the gravitational potential energy is directly recuperated. A digital prototype is established for the simulation work to verify the energy saving effect. Then a test prototype is constructed according to the simulation work. The standard 90deg loading duty cycle tests show that compared with the standard hydraulic excavators of the same type, in the case of meeting the same digging force, the working efficiency of the excavator increases by 20.7% and the fuel consumption decreases by 17.1% In terms of 8 hours of work per day, a single excavator can save fuel up to 47 L per day and reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 123.6 kg.

title: A Boom Energy Regeneration System of Hybrid Hydraulic Excavator Using Energy Conversion Components
abstract: In this paper, a novel design of an energy regeneration system was proposed for recovering as well as reusing potential energy in a boom cylinder. The proposed system included a hydraulic pump/motor and an electrical motor/generator. When the boom moved down, the energy regeneration components converted the hydraulic energy to electrical energy and stored in a battery. Then, the regenerated energy was reused at subsequent cycles. In addition, an energy management strategy has been designed based on discrete time optimal control to guarantee position tracking performance and ensure component safety during the operation. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed system, a co simulation (using MATLAB and AMESim) was carried out. Through the simulation results, the maximum energy regeneration efficiency could achieve up to 44% Besides, the velocity and position of the boom cylinder achieved good performance with the proposed control strategy.

title: IMPROVEMENT OF THE HYDRAULIC EXCAVATOR'S WORKING EQUIPMENT
abstract: The age composition of the main pipelines of Russia significantly exceeds the period of their standard operation, which necessitates the provision of their reliable, trouble free operation sometimes in difficult environmental conditions. Timely delivery of the required amount of hydrocarbon raw materials to various regions of our country and abroad depends on the quality and speed of the repair work. The speed of the pipeline overhaul, which consists in replacing old pipes with new ones, depends on the effectiveness of the entire repair string as a whole. The main excavation machine is a hydraulic excavator. Soil is removed on both sides of the pipeline, but there is a problem of excavation under the pipeline. Existing solutions to the problem are highly complex, which only complicates the repair process. Therefore, the authors develop the working equipment of the excavator, which is installed after digging the pits of the trench. The authors performed a review and analysis of existing equipment designs for the soil development under the pipeline. Moreover, the authors developed a new design of interchangeable working equipment for a single bucket excavator. As a result, the authors presented a detailed description of the working equipment of a single bucket excavator and the principle of its operation. The proposed technical solution allows excluding excavation under the main pipeline, which is carried out using a trench tool. This method significantly increases the efficiency of excavation and the pace of repair work as a whole.The authors have read and approved the final manuscript. Financial transparency: the authors have no financial interest in the presented materials or methods. There is no conflict of interest.

title: Determination of the working area of a hydraulic excavator
abstract: The article discusses the mechanisms of walking used on dragline excavators. The disadvantages of each mechanism are identified and based on this, the most promising movement mechanism is selected a three legged walking mechanism with a hydraulic drive. For this mechanism, the main disadvantages are also identified. The following is a technical solution that allows you to save this mechanism from the main drawback the need to raise the center of mass of the excavator to a significant height to ensure the maximum step value. The technical solution includes the presence of a flat hydrostatic support that allows to increase the efficiency of the mechanism in open pit mining operations. The calculation of oil consumption through a flat hydrostatic support in the conditions of its use on quarry soils with different bearing capacity is made.

title: Determination of the working area of a hydraulic excavator
abstract: The relevance of the work is due to the need of the design departments involved in the design of hydraulic excavators in techniques that reduce the mass of excavators while providing the required technological capabilities. Existing methods are aimed at determining the size of working equipment on the condition of providing a given working area. The methods are based on an algorithm for calculating the boundaries of the working area for the input dimensions of the boom, stick and bucket, if the obtained boundaries do not correspond to the specified ones, then the dimen sions of the equipment are adjusted and the calculations are repeated. The boundaries of the working zone determined by these algorithms do not take into account the power capabilities the bucket can be at a given point, but the realized forces on the teeth do not ensure separation of the rock. The article discusses the methodology in which possible digging efforts are calculated at all points where the bucket can be located.  For a hydraulic excavator with working equipment "direct shov el" a mathematical model for calculating digging forces, an algorithm and a program in algorithmic language have been developed to determine possible forces in the elements of the working equipment.

title: Pengenalan Produk dan Promosi Alat Berat Hydraulic Excavator
abstract: This research explains 320D2 GC Hydraulic Excavators. This study uses a qualitativemethod with a literature approach. Data collection was obtained from several sourcesfrom scientific books, research reports, scientific essays, theses and dissertations,regulations, provisions, yearbooks, encyclopedias, and sources which cannot bediscussed accurately electronically.The results showed that the product features possessed by Hydraulic Excavators  GC are technology, perceived usability, and convenience of use. As for productquality, brand utility, accessories, and guarantees. In the promotion of 320D2 HydraulicExcavators heavy equipment there are special offers, support, joint ventures, andcampaigns. Implications for research are limited to product introduction andpromotion so further research needs to follow up on this research using differentresearch methods.