Query: gymnastics in school physical education

title: The Role of Gymnastics in School Physical Education
abstract: The author first explores the phenomena of the decrease in physical strength,vital capacity,the increase cases of being overweight as well as clumziness,inflexibility in movement,loose muscle and dizziness,and then analyses the role of the content of gymnastics teaching plays in the outcomes of P.E and the relatioship between gymnastics and the curriculumn standard.The author proposes that enough attention should be attached to the role gymnastics plays in school P.E.because it is helpful in developing the flexibility of the body,improving the functioning of the vestibule organs in cerebrum,the ability of body balance and control,and the body shape.

title: The macro policies and micropolitics influencing pre service secondary school physical education teachers' interpretations of pedagogy, when using a gymnastics interactive mobile website at one university in England
abstract: This study reports on the use of a purposefully designed bespoke mobile website, as part of a gymnastics module of work (10 weeks) on a Post Graduate Certificate of Education course in 2014. This involved 23 (f 13 m 10) secondary physical education (PE) pre service teachers, a teacher educator (female) and me (researcher, website designer and teacher educator) Additionally, a pilot study was conducted in 2013 (2 weeks) involving 24 PE pre service teachers, with the aim of testing the mobile website's usability. The intent of the mobile website was to support the development of pedagogical content knowledge and constructivist pedagogies of PE pre service teachers, as they learnt to teach gymnastics.

title: Movement games as a learning method of gymnastics skills at school physical education
abstract: Pozitivni pohybove zkusenosti a silne emotivni zazitky zvysuji ucinnost vyucovaciho procesu. Efektivity vyucovaci jednotky muze ucitel telesne vychovy dosahnout ruznymi metodami, avsak mezi nejucinnejsi radime vyuziti bohate palety pohybovych her. Hru lze povazovat v oblasti skolni telesne vychovy jako vhodny prostredek pro rozvoj a zvysovani urovne nejen kondicnich a koordinacnich schopnosti, ale take jako prirozenou metodu pro nacvik zakladnich gymnastickych dovednosti. Zvysene atraktivity her muzeme dosahnout vhodne zvolenym gymnastickym naradim a jeho kombinacemi ci seskupenim. Moderni technologie umoznuje vyrobu takoveho naradi, jehoz design motivuje deti ke cviceni a snadna manipulace snizuje psychicke zabrany a vyrazne zvysuje bezpecnost vsech cvicencu.

title: Gymnastics as content of school physical education: analysis in Brazilian scientific journals.
abstract: the aim of this study was to understand the possibilities of intervention of the school gym from the production of research papers published in national periodicals from 2002 to 2010.  it was done a survey of articles pertinent to the gym in four national scientific journals of physical education: Revista Brasileira de Ciencia e Esporte (RBCE) Motriz, Movimento and Pensar a Pratica. We found a total of 5 article. In the analysis we construct the following categories: a) the gym and the historical process: the European movements to the school curriculum; b) the lack of theorical support for the implementation of school gymnastics.  it was found a number of inconsistencies about the historical processes of gymnastics in Brazil, as well as the understanding of physical education in school.  gymnastics is an element of the various forms of body culture. However, it has been poorly covered in the literature on physical education, regarding the production of scholarly articles published in national journals. The articles

title: The development of instructional media for rhythmic gymnastics in physical education course
abstract: Without employing additional media, it is assumed that students of physical education department might become less creative in developing body movements for gymnastics. Therefore, this study aimed at developing instructional media of rhythmic gymnastics for students who will become physical education teachers of primary schools. The instructional media development utilized some aids and musical instruments. The study employed experimental method with quasi experimental design. The subjects of this study were students of primary school teacher education of physical education department. The study involved two classes including Class A as an experimental group consisted of 30 students and Class B as a control group consisted of 30 students. The data collection techniques were observation and a series of rhythmic gymnastics at both pre test and post test. The results indicated that the learning ability of the two groups were different after conducting the learning process of rhythmic gymnastics. The experimental group that utilized developed instructional media of rhythmic gymnastics showed a significant improvement compared to the control group that utilized conventional rhythmic gymnastics media. Therefore, it can be concluded that the development of instructional media for rhythmic gymnastics was able to improve the quality of rhythmic gymnastics learning.

title: The Institute of Gymnastics the foundation stone of modern school physical education in Japan
abstract: The Institute of Gymnastics is the earliest modern physical education teacher cultivation and physical education research institute founded in Japan; based on historical facts as well as historical and social circumstances, the authors analyzed its founding history background, development affecting factors and roles in the establishment of modern school physical education in Japan, and put forward the following opinions: its establishment was closely related to the civilization, education reform, and the need of modern school physical education development in the Meiji period as well as inspirations from the Army Gymnastics Research Institute; intense militaristic colors gradually shown in its course of development reflected the important characteristics of modern school physical education in Japan; the Institute of Gymnastics played critical roles in promoting the transformation of traditional physical education in Japan, changing the missing of physical education in Confucian education traditions, correcting the unbalance between physical education and intellectual education, and establishing the status of physical education in modern education in Japan, built an early, solid talent foundation for modern school physical education in Japan, and also played important roles in the formation of the content system of modern school physical education, the establishment of student fitness monitoring, the collation of traditional physical education etc.

title: ICPESK 2018 International Congress of Physical Education Sports and Kinetotherapy Education and Sports Science in the 21 st Century Edition dedicated to the 95 th anniversary of UNEFS CAPITALISATION OF RHYTHMIC GYMNASTICS MEANS IN PRE SCHOOL EDUCATION
abstract: This paper aims to present, on the basis of the study of a large bibliography, practical ways of organizing and conducting physical education lessons for pre school children using the means of rhythmic gymnastics.  The experimental group (X+Ds 4.24+0.74) consists of 21 children, including 15 girls and 6 boys. The control group (X+Ds 8.25+0.91) consists of 20 children, including 16 girls and 4 boys.  The applied psychomotor tests aimed at laterality and body schema. Specific rhythmic gymnastics tests (n=4) were created in accordance with the possibilities and level of motor and psychomotor development of middle aged children and aimed at the possibilities of manipulating hand apparatus (ball, hoop, rope, scarves) in close relationship with body elements.  Following the final tests, it has been observed that the differences between the experimental group and control group are statistically insignificant for all four elements executed with the 4 hand apparatus included in our research. The comparison between the two groups showed a statistical insignificance at p <0.005 in the ball test, and in the other tests, a statistical significance at p <0.001, except for the value obtained in the initial scarf test.  Manipulation of apparatus requiring special manual coordination (rope, scarves) leads to an improvement in laterality, but is also a prerequisite for improving fine motor skills that are so necessary for the future of the school.

title: Students as active learners on their assessment process in an acrobatic gymnastics unit: study in preservice physical education teachers' school placement
abstract: This study intends to analyse how students' involvement in their assessment process contributes to their learning in a gymnastics acrobatic unit. It took place during the school placement of two physical education preservice teachers. Their classes had 43 students (23 girls and 20 boys) with ages between 15 17 years old. Students were challenged to build a choreography, according to the dossier delivered at the first class that contains objectives, contents, assessment criteria, and assessment forms. Data were collected from assessment forms, fulfilled by students at the end of each class and analysed by the preservice teachers before the next class; assessment of the choreography built by students and a written test. Students showed active involvement along all the process, taking advantage of their self assessment to improve their performance. Sharing assessment criteria and learning objectives with the students contributed to improving their learning about acrobatic gymnastics.

title: The Place and Role of Gymnastics Exercise Equipment as Teaching Means for the High School Physical Education Lesson
abstract: Considering the fact that Swedish ladders and gymnastics benches can be found in every teaching institution, and that their usage possibilities in a Physical Education lesson are practically limitless, this research comes at a right time to study the importance of these tools, in the context of their diversity and multivalence. The starting point in choosing this theme was the belief that the exercise equipment for gymnastics is an accessible means of education, and can be used successfully for accomplishing the different goals of the PE lesson that has a gymnastics theme. The published literature highlights a large number of ways of using both Swedish ladders and gymnastics benches in the PE lesson. This research started from the hypothesis stating that, presumably, the gymnastics exercise equipment can be used in different ways to accomplish the goals of the gymnastics themed Physical Education high school lessons. The research was conducted throughout the academic year of 2011 2012, a period during which we recorded 120 observation charts during Physical Education lessons that had gymnastics themes, in 6 Bacau county high schools. The observation chart comprised the specific gymnastics means that were selected after a documentation, using the bibliographical material, through which the specific categories of means that can be performed using the exercise equipment. The structure of the chart consisted of gymnastics means (front and formation, general physical development, applicative and acrobatic, support jumps, rhythmic gymnastics, methodical regulator exercises) vertically inserted, the structural parts of the PE lesson, horizontally inserted, and at their intersection, the number of lessons that was recorded, and the corresponding percentage. The observational research and the recorded results showed the fact that both the Swedish ladder and gymnastics bench were partially used in the gymnastics themed lessons, their uses being capitalized on only in a few parts of the lessons.

title: STRUGGLES IN SCHOOL PHYSICAL EDUCATION
abstract: We know that physical education deals with various content, such as game, fights, sports, rhythmic and expressive activities, gymnastics, among others, however we realize that the struggles content in schools, is still working in a limited way, what causes us concern and provokes questions. Therefore, we built this work, which aims to find out why the presence of content struggles is little introduced in the classes of Physical Education. This research consists of a literature review study, which guided us from the studies of Betti So (2009)