Query: the impact of e-books

title: The Impact of e Books on Young Children's Reading Habits
abstract: This article reports on a pilot study which aimed to consider the e book reading experiences of young children and their families, with currently available portable e reader devices: Amazon Kindle, Nintendo DS lite and Apple iPod Touch. Three families, each with two children in the 7 12 year age range, experienced an e reader for a two week period. They recorded their experiences in a diary and were interviewed at the beginning and end of the study. Key findings include the fact that, of the six children involved, four rate themselves as 'enthusiastic' readers, one 'average' and one 'reluctant' whilst all six of the parents enjoy reading. At the end of the study, all of the participants chose the Kindle as their preferred device and found it the easiest to use. In addition, there were indications that the one reluctant young reader (a boy aged eight years) was inspired to read by the Kindle. His parents were pleased with this enthusiasm, noting that he was reading rather than watching television, excited by downloading and choosing books and it was the only time they had known him to ask to read voluntarily. When asked whether they prefer printed or electronic books, all of the adults chose printed books, whilst the children were more ambivalent, with half preferring electronic books.

title: Cannibalization or Market Expansion? The Impact of E Books on Print Book Sales
abstract: E book sales have experienced rapid growth in the past few years, yet their impact on print book sales remains unclear. This paper empirically investigates the cannibalization and market expansion effects of e books. Using individual level transaction data from 2008 to 2012, we estimate a dynamic structural model of consumer e reader adoption and subsequent book purchases, including quantity, reading format (e book or print book) and retailer choices in a number of book categories. We emphasize in the model the role of consumers' self selection into buying e readers based on heterogeneous book tastes. We find that on average, 42% of e book sales come from cannibalizing print book sales and 58% come from market expansion. Among the cannibalization effect, offline bookstores bear 53% of the cannibalization loss, while Amazon bears 32% and other online retailers bear 15% We discuss how the impact of e books would change under counterfactual pricing scenarios using the estimated demand system.

title: The Impact of e Books on the Printed Books: e Books Popularity, Growth and Future
abstract: This study aims to identify the preferences of the net generation readers in print and electronic media activities and to investigate the impact of e books on the printed books, and try and see if printed books are being gradually replaced by electronic one. The survey method of research was applied to conduct the study and questionnaire was used as a data collection tool. The stratified random sampling technique was employed for selection of participants. Comparing readers' preferences between reading a printed book and electronic media, it seems that e book Growth is slowing, but still substantial, and the majority of book readers believe that e books will become more popular than the printed books in the future.

title: The impact of interface on ESL reading comprehension and strategy use: A comparison of e books and paper texts

title: The impact of interface on strategy use and ESL reading comprehension a comparison of e books and paper texts

title: The Impact of E Readers and E Books on the Library of Congress and the US Copyright Office
abstract: Consumer acceptance of e readers, tablets, and e books has been covered extensively by the press. These trends have been a significant business opportunity for some authors, publishers, e reader or tablet manufacturers, or distributors because a new market has emerged and 'new' readers have been attracted to the portability and the price of e readers and e books. But there is a 'dark side of the moon. E readers and e books have emerged as 'disruptive technologies, resulting in a reduction in the number of book outlets and printed books sold in the United States. In this research paper, we investigate the current and potential impact of e books on the Library of Congress and the US Copyright Office, including the budgets, staffing, and operations of the Library of Congress and the US Copyright Office, and the need to digitize the vast book collection of the Library of Congress. This paper presents a series of recommendations for both the Library of Congress and the US Copyright Office.

title: E Books and New Library Service Models: An Analysis of the Impact of E Book Technology on Academic Libraries.
abstract: This article will analyze the implications of e book technology on academic libraries. Although we are at a very early stage of e book evolution, business models, standards, and supporting technology are under development that will dramatically affect libraries and librarians. Librarians and administrators therefore must understand thoroughly these trends in order to apply effectively the resulting innovations within their institutions. As Martrell states, " librarians must begin to design an imaginative, easily identifiable space in cyberspace as the centrality of the library as a physical phenomenon slowly fades."[1] Improving library service by extrapolation from existing services, doing the same things faster and better, will provide incremental improvements but will not move us quickly to that "identifiable space" of which Martrell writes. Effectively introducing e books into a library has significant implications on our users, our existing services, and how we do business. The capabilities and the limitations of the e book and related technologies therefore are used in this article to provide a framework for examining the implications of this technology on service in academic libraries. It is the author's view that we must understand not only the technology but also the end to end process that will transform the capabilities of the technology into an effective service. An example will help illustrate how we cannot just "plug in" a digital innovation into existing services without addressing the broader process and technological environment. An Example Large Digital Objects Most university libraries are beginning to amass a sizable collection of digital materials that include e books, dissertations, journal articles, numeric data, and digital maps.  In cases where the context is not clear, "e book reading device" will be used to refer to the hardware/software platform which is devoid of content. Much of this digital material comes in the form of what could be called a "large digital object." For purposes of this article, a large digital object is a library information source that is contained in a computer file which is larger than 1.4 MB (i.e. the object won't fit on a diskette) From a user's perspective, these large digital objects are difficult to access and use, given existing processes and technological capabilities within libraries. Recently, a patron came to the reference desk at Rutgers University Libraries (RUL) and asked how she could get a copy of one of the books from EEBO (Early English Books Online www.lib.umi.com/eebo) a collection of some 125,000 titles from the medieval period that RUL has licensed from Bell and Howell. The EEBO service allows patrons to search and actually download a copy of a book to their local computer. The books are typically in PDF or djvu (www.djvu.com) format and often can be in the order of 10 to 20 MB or larger in size. The choices for this student to "check out" the digital book were: (1) go to her home computer and download the file over a slow voice grade telephone line; (2) buy a zip disk and then find a public computer at the university that had a zip drive and download the book; or (3) print the book (perhaps several hundred pages) at one of the computer labs on campus. None of these solutions was very satisfactory for the patron. In this advancing digital library era, we are tantalizing our users by offering rapid access to digital sources and simultaneously frustrating them by not providing effective end to end processes that enable ease of use. The student scenario described above will occur more frequently as we buy more digital book collections.

title: The Impact of Mini Computers and e Books on the Success of At risk College Students
abstract: Academically underprepared college students; i.e. those identified as needing developmental (remedial) English, mathematics and reading courses in order to maximize their potential for academic success at college level studies, were provided with the opportunity to rent, for a minimal, subsidized fee, mini computers bundled with digital course materials (e books) The academic aptitude of the students who participated in the study was assessed when they entered the program, and their academic performance was assessed at the conclusion of the semester in which they were provided with these resources. The aptitude, performance and retention of program participants were then compared to those of similarly underprepared students who were not provided with these resources. Analysis of Variance revealed no statistically significant differences between the academic performance or retention of the two groups.

title: Budget impact analysis of sargramostim use in patients with chemotherapy induced neutropenia.
abstract: Myeloid growth factors are used to treat and prevent chemotherapy induced neutropenia (CIN) Filgrastim and its long acting version pegfilgrastim are granulocyte colony stimulating factors (G CSF) whereas sargramostim is a dual granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM CSF) This study analyzed the budget impact of substituting GM CSF for G CSF in the management of CIN from the perspective of a US health plan.  A spreadsheet model was developed to compute annual and per member per month (PMPM) costs associated with CSFs. Inputs included cancer prevalence, the proportion of patients receiving chemotherapy and G/GM CSFs, incidence and cost of relevant adverse events (e.g. bone pain) and G/GM CSF drug acquisition and administration costs. Incidence and cost of infection and febrile neutropenia related hospitalizations, based on recent analysis of medical insurance claims data, were also used. Cost savings (2006 USD) were assessed for utilization share switches from G CSF to GM CSF.  For a health plan with 1 million members, an estimated 976 patients received G/GM CSF annually. Increasing baseline utilization shares for pegfilgrastim, filgrastim, and sargramostim of 70/30/0% respectively, to alternative shares of 50/25/25% yielded substantial cost savings (see Table primarily related to G/GM CSF acquisition and administration costs. Savings for patients switching from pegfilgrastim were greater than for patients switching from filgrastim. Results were sensitive to assumptions for drug cost and frequency of administration, but cost savings were observed for most scenarios.  This study suggests that health plans can realize substantial cost savings by substituting sargramostim for filgrastim and pegfilgrastim in CIN patients. With 25% of sargramostim substitution, the cost saving could reach $2 million for a health plan with 1 million members, or a saving of 16 cents per member per month.

title: Tribute to H. Eugene Stanley.
abstract: T issue of the Journal of Physical Chemistry B is dedicated to H. Eugene (Gene) Stanley, William Fairfield Warren Distinguished Professor and Professor of Physics, Chemistry, Biomedical Engineering, and Physiology at Boston University. The scope of Gene Stanley's research accomplishments is virtually unparalleled in the physical sciences. In more than 1000 publications, he has made groundbreaking contributions to the fundamental understanding of phase transitions, critical phenomena, polymers, biological materials, protein aggregation, the statistics of DNA sequences, econophysics, granular materials, physical and social networks, and especially supercooled and glassy water. With nearly 48,000 citations to his journal articles (109 of them with more than 109 citations) and over 8000 citations to his books, Gene's work has had enormous impact across many fields of science. Gene's contributions in condensed matter theory include his important early work on the two dimensional Heisenberg ferromagnet and the spherical model, as well as subsequent fundamental studies of percolation and dendritic crystal growth. He has fruitfully applied scaling concepts that underlie the theory of critical phenomena to biology, discovering long range correlations in noncoding nucleotide sequences in DNA and longranged anticorrelations in sequences of human heartbeats; to economic systems, showing that the dynamics of the Standard Poor's 500 economic indicator can be described as a L evy stable process; and to medicine, demonstrating scaling behavior in the size distribution of neuropathological lesions in Alzheimer disease. His work on networks, both physical and social, has led to deep insights on topics ranging from the web of human sexual contacts to urban growth patterns and from the general scaling properties of networks to the catastrophic failure of power grids. Along with a select group of scientists including Austen Angell, Osamu Mishima, and the late Erwin Mayer, Gene has helped to define the boundaries of contemporary knowledge onmetastable water at low temperatures. In more than three decades of pioneering work, he has been the originator of the picture of water as a transient gel, and of the liquid liquid phase transition hypothesis for the phase behavior of cold, metastable water. Because of water's unique importance, this body of work has farreaching implications in biology, astrophysics, materials science, and the technology of low temperature preservation of biological molecules. In 1979, Gene proposed a model that has had lasting impact on the understanding of supercooled water. In this model, correlations between density, energy, and entropy fluctuations arising from the formation of hydrogen bonds give rise, at low temperatures, to anomalous increases in the response functions, such as those observed experimentally in supercooled water. This model, which was subsequently discussed in detail in a now classic paper with Jos e Teixeira, provided the first molecular based interpretation of the anomalous properties of supercooled water (sharp increase of response functions upon cooling) which had been discovered by Angell and co workers a few years before. For more than a decade, the Stanley Teixeira correlated site percolation model, together with Speedy's stabilitylimit conjecture set the terms of the debate on the interpretation of supercooled water's thermodynamic behavior. In a series of highly influential papers beginning in 1992, Gene and his co workers proposed the fascinating hypothesis that, at sufficiently low temperatures, pure water phase separates into two distinct forms. According to the liquid liquid phase transition hypothesis, the two low temperature phases are the liquid analogues of the two experimentally observed distinct glassy phases of water, known as LDA (low density amorphous ice) and HDA (high density amorphous ice) Two papers from among this body of work deserve special mention: the 1992 molecular dynamics study of supercooled and glassy water, where the liquid liquid transition hypothesis was first formulated, and the 1998 paper with Mishima, which, in a veritable experimental tour de force (measuring the metastable melting curve of a high pressure polymorph of ice) provided evidence consistent with the liquid liquid transition hypothesis. The liquid liquid phase transition hypothesis remains a subject of active inquiry and vigorous debate. In addition to providing a plausible (but not proved) interpretation of experimental observations on supercooled and glassy water, it has also opened up an entirely new field of research, which has come to be