Query: pharmacologic ephedra alata alenda

title: Etude de l'activite anti inflammatoire, anti oxydante et anti microbienne d'une plante medicinale Ephedra alata alenda

title: Essential Oil Composition, Free Radical Scavenging and Antibacterial Effect from Stems of Ephedra alata alenda in Tunisia
abstract: The chemical composition, the antioxidant activity as well as the antibacterial activity of the essential oil and various extracts of Ephedra alata alenda grows in Tunisia were evaluated. GC MS analysis of the essential oil resulted in identifying 19 compounds representing 93.9 of oil, and linalool (19.3 (Z) 3 tridecene (7.8 n pentadecane (7.6 1,8 cineole (7.1 as major compounds. The antioxidant activity (IC50 0.027 mg /ml) and the antibacterial activity of the methanolic extract were the highest in comparison with the other extracts.

title: Contribution a l'etude phytochimique et l'evaluation des activites biologiques des extraits aqueux, methanolique et alcaloidique de deux plantes medicinales Daphne gnidium (L. et Ephedra alata alenda

title: Rapid recovery of photosynthesis and water relations following soil drying and re watering is related to the adaptation of desert shrub Ephedra alata subsp. alenda (Ephedraceae) to arid environments
abstract: Ephedra alata subsp. alenda is the most important pioneer plant of the moving and semi stable sand dunes in the deserts and steppes of south Tunisia and occurs naturally in the Grand Erg Oriental, one of the most extreme habitats for plant growth on the planet. A new analysis of physiological performance of this medically important and internationally threatened xerophytic shrub was conducted to assess possible mechanisms of drought tolerance and how these relate to its ecological success. Five month old plants, grown under controlled climatic conditions, were subjected to a well watered control treatment or progressive drought by withholding water for 14 d with subsequent recovery for 7 d. Soil water depletion significantly reduced stem relative water content (RWC) water potential Ps w and osmotic potential Ps p Ephedra displayed more negative Ps w and Ps p values of ca. 3.5 and 4.1 MPa, respectively, at the end of the drought treatment, and were associated with turgor loss. Low stem Ps w reduced stomatal conductance g s photosynthetic CO 2 assimilation rates A CO 2 transpiration E and internal CO 2 concentration C i However, instantaneous WUE A CO 2 E 1 and intrinsic WUE i A CO 2 g s 1 water use efficiency (WUE) increased gradually as water deficit was intensified. Stomatal closure therefore only exerted limited control against dehydration and could not compensate for decreases in soil water status, typical of anisohydric behavior. Drought stressed stems accumulated high levels of proline up to 480% of control values, highlighting a pivotal role in osmotic adjustment during intense water deficit. In contrast, the osmotic adaptation to soluble sugars was limited. Drought stressed plants increased A CO 2 E g s and C i and decreased WUE and WUE i during the first 48 h after re watering, such that they reached similar values to those of control plants by the end of the experiment. Stem proline levels of drought stressed plants returned to near control values with re watering. Overall, rapid recovery of photosynthesis following drought breaking moisture appears to be a critical mechanism allowing E. alata to withstand and survive dry environments.

title: Seed germination responses of the Saharan plant species Ephedra alata ssp. alenda to fungicide seed treatments in the laboratory and the field
abstract: Given its importance in the functioning of arid ecosystems, Ephedra alata ssp. alenda has drawn some attention and appeared to be suitable for desert re vegetation. An experimental study has been carried out on the germination properties of seeds of this strictly Saharan species. Analyses of temperature effects, and fungicide seed treatments in the laboratory and the field enabled to determine the optimum germination conditions. The predominant microorganisms isolated from the E. alata ssp. alenda seeds before treatment were Alternaria alternata and Rhizopus spp. The germination capacity was significantly greater between 20 and 25 degC. Captab (61.1 and propiconazole (53.2% fungicides significantly increased the germination of E. alata seeds. These results are confirmed by experiments in the field where all treatments (except treatments with NaOCl and benomyl) significantly increased the emergence percentage. None of the treatments (except benomyl) affected the shoot and root length of the plants. Benomyl treatment resulted in a significant decrease in the shoot and root length.

title: THERAPEUTIC IMPORTANCE OF EPHEDRA ALATA AND EPHEDRA FOLIATA A REVIEW
abstract: The preliminary phytochemical analysis of Ephedra alata indicated the presence of cardiac glycosides, reducing sugars, flavonoids, phenolic compounds and alkaloids. Ephedra species contain alkaloids ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, norephedrine, norpseudoephedrine, methylephedrine, and methylpseudoephedrine. Beside the Etype alkaloids, ephedroxane, and macrocyclic spermidines called ephedradine A D, were isolated from some Ephedra species. The total amount of alkaloids isolated from Ephedra alata aerial parts was 0.2 0.22% Phenolic compounds included chlorogenic acid, rutin, catechin, quercetin, coumaric acid, flavonoid (Vicenin II, lucenin III, kaempferol 3 rhamnoside, quercetin 3 rhamnoside, herbacetin 7 glucoside, herbacetin 8 methyl ether 3 Oglucoside 7 O rutinoside and herbacetin 7 O 6' quinylglucoside) and furanofuran syringaresinol, digalloylglucose, nilocitin, p coumaric acid) were isolated from Ephedra alata. Ephedra foliata also produced ephedrine and pseudoephedrine. The total alkaloids contents of Ephedra foliata (ephedrine and psudoephedrine) were 0.04 0.2% Previous pharmacological studies revealed that Ephedra species possessed antimicrobial, antioxidant, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective and cardiovascular effects. This review discussed the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Ephedra alata and Ephedra foliata.

title: Preliminary Phytochemical Screening, Quantitative Estimation of Total Flavonoids, Total Phenols and Antioxidant Activity of Ephedra alata Decne.
abstract: This study designed to evaluate antioxidant activity, screen the existence of phytogenic chemical compounds and to determine the total flavonoid and phenol contents of the Ephedra alata to prove its utilization in the Palestinian folk medicine for treatment of cancer. Total flavonoid contents of the plant were determined by using rutin reference standard method and total phenols determined by using Folin Ciocalteu method while antioxidant activity evaluated by using 2, 2diphenyl 1 picryl hydrazyl hydrate assay.Phytochemical analyses indicated the presence of cardiac glycosides, reducing sugars, flavonoids, phenolic compounds and alkaloids. The total phenolic content in the ethanolic extract was 19.175 mg gallic acid while was the highest in the methanolic extract which was 47.62 mg gallic acid equivalent/g of extract powder. The total flavonoid content of the plant was 0.519 mg RU/g in the aqueous extract and 5.44 mg RU/g in the ethanolic extract while was the highest in the methanolic extract 54.66 mg RU/g. In the same time the E. alata methanolic extract showed that it has high antioxidant activity and powerful oxygen free radical scavenging abilities as well as the IC50 for the plant was almost equivalent to the Trolox standard antioxidant which justified its uses in the Palestinian traditional medicines and could represented as a good candidate for further biological and chemical analysis, and can be further subjected for isolation of the therapeutically active compounds with anticancer activity and also for further pharmacological evaluations.

title: Antimicrobial Activity and Tentative Identification of Active Compounds from the Medicinal Ephedra alata Male Plant
abstract: Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of Ephedra alata male plant against bacteria, fungi, yeast, and fungi; and tentative identification of active compounds related to its antimicrobial activity.  Four bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus Pseudomonas aeruginosa Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli and four fungi, Aspergillus fumigatus Penicillium italicum Syncephalastrum racemosum and Candida albicans were used as test microorganisms. The stem of E. alata was extracted by different solvents. Thin layer chromatography was used for the separation of active constituents whereas mass spectrometer analysis was used for the identification of major fractions constituents.  Among all solvents tested, acetonitrile extracts exhibited the most potent antimicrobial effect with a broad spectral range. Thin layer chromatographic separation of active constituents in acetonitrile extracts revealed the presence of seven fractions. All fractions showed antimicrobial activities with four fractions having a potent inhibitory effect. Two fractions out of the four were successfully identified using mass spectrophotometer analysis. The tentative identification revealed two compounds having an aromatic nature and were identified as benzo [g] pteridine 8 hydroxy 7,10 dimethyl 2,4 dione (previously reported in plants) and 1,2 benzenedicarboxylic dinonyl ester (firstly reported natural occurrence, and thus we suggested calling it Alatine (1) Conclusion Alatine (1) with its broad antimicrobial spectrum could represent a good candidate for further microbiological and chemical analysis, and E. alata plant can be further subjected to isolation of the therapeutic compounds and further pharmacological evaluation.

title: Chemical composition of various Ephedra species.
abstract: The medicinal significance of Ephedra is based on the sympathomimetic properties of ephedrine (E) alkaloids. Pharmacological effects depend on the phytocomposition of individual Ephedra species. The aim of this study was to measure the total alkaloids content (TAC) total phenolics content (TPC) and total flavonoids content (TFC) and determine their relationship in dry herb of Ephedra major, Ephedra distachya subsp. helvetica, Ephedra monosperma, Ephedra fragilis, Ephedra foeminea, Ephedra alata, Ephedra altissima and Ephedra foliata. Nowadays, medicinal use of Ephedrae herba is limited, but the abuse of its psychostimulants is rising. In this study, TAC, TPC and TFC were determined using spectrophotometric methods. For the first time, ultra performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (UPLC UV) was used for separation and quantification of E type alkaloids of various Ephedra species. The highest TPC and TFC were found in E. alata (53.3 0.1 mg Gallic acid equivalents/g dry weight, 2.8 mg quercetin equivalents/g dry weight, respectively) The total content of E and pseudoephedrine determined by UPLC UV varied between 20.8 mg/g dry weight (E. distachya subsp. helvetica) and 34.7 mg/g dry weight (E. monosperma) The variable content and ratio between secondary metabolites determined in different Ephedra species reflects their metabolic activities. Utilization of UPLC UV unveiled that this technique is sensitive, selective, and useful for separation and quantification of different alkaloids in complex biological matrixes. The limit of detection was 5 ng. Application of UPLC UV can be recommended in quick analyses of E type alkaloids in forensic medicine and quality control of pharmaceutical preparations.

title: Herbal remedies and traditional knowledge of the Tuareg community in the region of Illizi (Algerian Sahara)
abstract: This study is the first ethnobotanical investigation of Tuareg communities from the region of Illizi in the Algerian Sahara. The study aims to highlight the unique floristic diversity used in their traditional medicine. Ethnobotanical surveys were conducted with 120 Tuareg nomads, mostly old and illiterate men, using free listing and structured interviews. Field data were organised in Use Reports (URs) and analysed using the Informant Consensus Factor. We identified 118 medicinal plants belonging to 43 botanical families dominated by Asteraceae, Fabaceae and Poaceae. The Tuareg use leaves in infusion as the most common preparation method. The species most often mentioned in the surveys are Salvadora persica L. Peganum harmala L. and Anvillea garcinii subsp. radiata (Coss. Durieu) Anderb. Gastrointestinal system disorders are the ailments most commonly treated with herbal medicine. The treatment of cancer has the highest consensus among the community. This pathology is treated only by Ephedra alata subsp. alenda (Stapf) Trab. The analysis of the results in comparison with the available literature in Algeria and neighbouring countries led us to identify 21 new medicinal plants as well as 65 plants with new uses. We evaluated the originality of the ethnobotanical knowledge of the Tuareg community using a comparative approach with two populations geographically close, the Arabic speaking nomads of the Algerian steppe and the Egyptian Bedouins with whom they share a nomadic way of life. Plants shared with Algerian nomad neighbours are those available in markets and used also for culinary and aromatic purposes, but plants shared with Bedouin communities are mostly non cultivated desert plants. We conclude that Tuareg use medicinally many plants specific to their environment in unique ways.