Query: micrairoideae

title: Plastome Phylogenetics of Tribe Eriachneae and Evolution of C4 Photosynthesis in Subfamily Micrairoideae (Poaceae)
abstract: Tribe Eriachneae in subfamily Micrairoideae is one of the least explored of the ca. 22 C4 lineages in the grass family (Poaceae) Whereas many C4 lineages are more species rich, more morphologically disparate, and wider ranging than their C3 sisters, Eriachneae has fewer species, less disparity, and covers a far smaller geographical area than its C3 sister tribe Isachneae. Tribe Micraireae, which is C3 and sister to Eriachneae and Isachneae, occupies habitats more similar to C4 Eriachneae than C3 Isachneae. Evolutionary analyses within the subfamily are hindered by the lack of a phylogenetic framework for any substantial sample of species. Additionally, only a handful of members of Micrairoideae have been tested for photosynthetic pathway. This study presents the first well resolved phylogeny of Eriachneae based on full plastome sequences from almost half of the species in the tribe. Photosynthetic pathway is tested for 47 species representing all three tribes of Micrairoideae using carbon isotopes to test the assumption that C4 is restricted to Eriachneae. Habitat preferences among the tribes are estimated using bioclimatic data, with multivariate analyses showing that habitats of Micraireae and Eriachneae are more similar to each other than either is to Isachneae, and the range of environments is greater in Isachneae than in Eriachneae. All measured Eriachneae are confirmed to be C4, and all Isachneae are C3. Evolutionary interpretation of these results is necessarily preliminary, and greater phylogenetic sampling in Isachneae is needed to estimate diversification rates and ancestral habitats, but subfamily Micrairoideae appears to be an interesting exception to general patterns of C4 evolution in grasses.

title: Isachneburchellii (Poaceae, Micrairoideae) from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil an endemic new species segregated from Isachne goiasensis
abstract: Isachne burchellii, an endemic new species from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, is here recognized as distinct from Isachne goiasensis based on macro and micromorphological characters, geographic distribution and ecological evidence. This new species is illustrated and its taxonomic and morphological affinities with I. goiasensis are discussed.ResumoIsachne burchellii, uma nova especie endemica da Mata Atlantica do Brazil, e aqui reconhecida como distinta de Isachne goiasensis com base em caracteristicas macro e micromorfologicas, distribuicao geografica e evidencias ecologicas. Esta nova especie e ilustrada e suas afinidades taxonomicas e morfologicas com I. goiasensis sao discutidas

title: Isachne soderstromii sp. nov. (Poaceae, Micrairoideae, Isachneae) from Dominica, Lesser Antilles

title: Grass plastomes reveal unexpected paraphyly with endemic species of Micrairoideae from India and new haplotype markers in Arundinoideae.
abstract: PREMISE OF THE STUDY We investigated the little studied Arundinoideae/Micrairoideae clade of grasses with an innovative plastome phylogenomic approach. This method gives robust results for taxa of uncertain phylogenetic placement. Arundinoideae comprise ~45 species, although historically was much larger. Arundinoideae is notable for the widely invasive Phragmites australis. Micrairoideae comprise nine genera and ~200 species. Some are threatened with extinction, including Hubbardia, some Isachne spp. and Limnopoa. Two micrairoid genera, Eriachne and Pheidochloa, exhibit C4 photosynthesis in this otherwise C3 subfamily and represent an independent origin of the C4 pathway among grasses.  Five new plastomes were sequenced with next generation sequencing by synthesis methods. Plastomes were assembled by de novo methods and phylogenetically analyzed with eight other recently published arundinoid or micrairoid plastomes and 11 outgroup species. Stable carbon isotope ratios were determined for micrairoid and arundinoid species to investigate ambiguities in the proxy evidence for C4 photosynthesis.  Phylogenomic analyses showed strong support for ingroup nodes in the Arundinoideae/Micrairoideae subtree, including a paraphyletic clade of Hubbardieae with Isachneae. Anatomical, biochemical, and positively selected sites data are ambiguous with regard to the photosynthetic pathways in Micrairoideae. Species of Hubbardia, Isachne, and Limnopoa were definitively shown by d13C measurements to be C3 and Eriachne to be C4.  Our plastome phylogenomic analyses for Micrairoideae are the first phylogenetic results to indicate paraphyly between Isachneae and Hubbardieae. The definitive d13C data for four genera of Micrairoideae indicates the breadth of variation possible in the proxy evidence for photosynthetic pathways of both C3 and C4 taxa.

title: POACEAE II (PHAROIDEAE, BAMBUSOIDEAE, ORYZOIDEAE, POOIDEAE, ARUNDINOIDEAE, MICRAIROIDEAE, ARISTOIDEAE, Y CHLORIDOIDEAE) TEXTO Y LAMINAS, EN FLORA DE LA REPUBLICA DE CUBA
abstract: La familia Poaceae posee mas de 700 generos y 10,500 especies, esta representada en los mas variados y diferentes climas y tipos de habitat, en Cuba es posiblemente la de mayor numero de taxones; por su valor economico es considerada como la familia vegetal mas importante. Las modificaciones y reducciones que presenta su estructura floral obligan a particularizar en su estudio y al empleo de terminos muy especializados. Esta obra es una herramienta para el acceso a su estudio. El Fasciculo 21 abarca la segunda y ultima parte de Poaceae (Gramineae) a diferencia de la primera parte publicada en 2012 que comprendia la introduccion, clave de generos y la subfamilia Panicoideae, la presente trata las ocho subfamilias restantes presentes en Cuba. El primer tomo, con texto y mapas de distribucion, consta de 220 paginas y describe 63 generos y 122 especies, en su orden por subfamilias: Pharoideae (1 genero, 3 especies) Bambusoideae (10, 23) Oryzoideae (3, 8) Pooideae (4, 4) Arundinoideae (1, 1) Micrairoideae (1, 3) Aristidoideae (1, 18) y Chloridoideae (22, 72) El segundo tomo tiene 270 paginas, en el se ilustran fotografias en colores de muestras y detalles de 133 taxones. Este estudio permitio participar en 35 publicaciones y 62 eventos y talleres cientificos. Las muestras de herbario consultadas estan en una Base de Datos confeccionada por los autores Catasus Rankin, con informacion de 3,230 registros pertenecientes a los herbarios utilizados como referencia, contenida en la "Base de Datos de especimenes de la Flora de Cuba"

title: Isachne edamalayarensis sp. nov. (Poaceae: Micrairoideae) from southern Western Ghats, India.

title: Lectotypification of Panicum salzmannii basionym of Isachne salzmannii (Poaceae, Micrairoideae)
abstract: In Poaceae, many species names now accepted in distinct genera were originally described in Panicum Linnaeus (1753: 55) such as P. salzmannii Trinius ex Steudel (1854: 95) which is now recognized as a species of Isachne Brown (1810: 196) [i.e. P. salzmannii is the basionym of I. salzmannii (Trin. ex Steud. Renvoize (1984a: 184)

title: First record of Isachne ligulata (Poaceae: Micrairoideae) in Brazil and a key for the Brazilian species of the genus
abstract: While performing a taxonomic revision of the Neotropical species of Isachne, analysis of herbarium collections revealed the occurrence of Isachne ligulata in Brazil. We provide a description and the first illustration of I. ligulata, along with comments on its ecology, distribution and morphological affinities with related South American species. We also provide an identification key for the Brazilian species of the genus.

title: XI. Subfamily Micrairoideae Pilg. (1956)
abstract: Annuals or perennials. Culms solid or hollow. Ligule a fringe of hairs. Spikelets generally with 2 flowers; rachilla extension absent. Disarticulation above the glumes. Ovary glabrous. Styles 2, not fused. Hilum short or long linear. Embryo without an epiblast, with a scutellar cleft, with an elongate mesocotyl internode, the embryonic leaf margins meeting.

title: Rediscovery of the red listed grass Isachne dimyloides (Poaceae: Micrairoideae) 130 years after type collection
abstract: This paper reports rediscovery of a rare grass Isachne dimyloides after a gap of 130 years since its type collection. The type locality of the species is the Darjeeling district of West Bengal, India and the collection was made by C.B. Clarke in the year 1884. The present collection was made in 2012 from Cachar district of Assam (India) which also indicates its geographic range extension from the Darjeeling foothills to the Assam floodplain. In this paper a description of the species, a key, and an illustration are provided to facilitate identification. Priority conservation is highly recommended for this rare species.