Query: beta alanine judo

title: Beta alanine supplementation enhances judo related performance in highly trained athletes.
abstract: In official judo competitions, athletes usually engage in 5 7 matches in the same day, performing numerous high intensity efforts interspersed by short recovery intervals. Thus, glycolytic demand in judo is high and acidosis may limit performance. Carnosine is a relevant intracellular acid buffer whose content is increased with beta alanine supplementation. Thus, we hypothesized that beta alanine supplementation could attenuate acidosis and improve judo performance.  Twenty three highly trained judo athletes were randomly assigned to receive either beta alanine (6.4gday 1) or placebo (dextrose, same dosage) for 4 weeks.  Performance was assessed before (PRE) and after (POST) supplementation through a 5 min simulated fight (randori) followed by 3 bouts of the Special Judo Fitness Test (SJFT) Blood samples were collected for blood pH, bicarbonate (HCO3 and lactate determination.  Beta alanine supplementation improved the number of throws per set and the total number of throws (both p<0.05) Placebo did not change these variables (both p>0.05) Blood pH and HCO3 reduced after exercise (all p<0.001) with no between group differences (all p>0.05) However, the lactate response to exercise increased in the beta alanine group as compared to placebo (p<0.05)  In conclusion, 4 weeks of beta alanine supplementation effectively enhance judo related performance in highly trained athletes.

title: Oiling Out Crystallization of Beta Alanine on Solid Surfaces Controlled by Solvent Exchange
abstract: Droplet formation in oiling out crystallization has important implication for separation and purification of pharmaceutical active ingredients by using an antisolvent. In this work, we report the crystallization processes of oiling out droplets on surfaces during solvent exchange. Our model ternary solution is beta alanine dissolved in isopropanol and water mixture. As the antisolvent isopropanol displaced the alanine solution pre filled in a microchamber, liquid liquid phase separation occurred at the mixing front. The alanine rich subphase formed surface microdroplets that subsequently crystallized with progression of solvent exchange. We find that the flow rates have significant influence on the droplet size, crystallization process, and growth rate, and final morphology of the crystals. At fast flow rates the droplets solidified rapidly and formed spherical cap structures resembling the shape of droplets, in contrast to crystal microdomains or thin films formed at slow flow rates. On a highly hydrophilic surface, the crystals formed thin film without droplets formed on the surface. We further demonstrated that by the solvent exchange crystals can be formed by using a stock solution with a very low concentration of the precursor, and the as prepared crystals can be used as seeds to trigger crystallization in bulk solution. Our results suggest that the solvent exchange has the potential to be an effective approach for controlling oiling out crystallization, which can be applied in wide areas, such as separation and purification of many food, medical, and therapeutic ingredients.

title: The Muscle Carnosine Response to Beta Alanine Supplementation: A Systematic Review With Bayesian Individual and Aggregate Data E Max Model and Meta Analysis
abstract: Beta alanine (BA) supplementation increases muscle carnosine content (MCarn) and has many proven, and purported, ergogenic, and therapeutic benefits. Currently, many questions on the nature of the MCarn response to supplementation are open, and the response to these has considerable potential to enhance the efficacy and application of this supplementation strategy. To address these questions, we conducted a systematic review with Bayesian based meta analysis of all published aggregate data using a dose response (Emax) model. Meta regression was used to consider the influence of potential moderators (including dose, sex, age, baseline MCarn, and analysis method used) on the primary outcome. The protocol was designed according to PRISMA guidelines and a three step screening strategy was undertaken to identify studies that measured the MCarn response to BA supplementation. Additionally, we conducted an original analysis of all available individual data on the MCarn response to BA supplementation from studies conducted within our lab (n 99) The Emax model indicated that human skeletal muscle has large capacity for non linear MCarn accumulation, and that commonly used BA supplementation protocols may not come close to saturating muscle carnosine content. Neither baseline values, nor sex, appeared to influence subsequent response to supplementation. Analysis of individual data indicated that MCarn is relatively stable in the absence of intervention, and effectually all participants respond to BA supplementation (99.3% response [95%CrI: 96.2 100]

title: Exploring Energy Systems and Supplementation of Beta Alanine in Athletic Populations
abstract: This review of literature examined the performance effects of beta alanine supplementation in an athletic population. For the purpose of this study "athletic population" was defined as anyone who is exercising and supplementing beta alanine, the goal was to determine if there was improvement in athletic performance within each of the three energy systems. Energy systems were defined by the National Strength and Conditioning Association as the phosphocreatine system, glycolysis system, and oxidative system. The research that was included determined how much beta alanine was supplemented, the duration of supplementation, and whether it increased performance. A cost analysis was based on an average of three leading retailers for the supplementation of beta alanine. In conclusion, there is evidence to indicate that beta alanine supplementation increases performance within two of the three systems, but would encompass the entire range given for the glycolysis system and would slightly range in the lower end with the oxidative system. There was no determination regarding how much of an increase in performance was seen. With the analysis of cost compared with increased performance given the range of dosages and length of supplementation in the various studies it would cost approximately $12.16 to $25.20 a month to see an increase in performance.

title: Beta alanine supplementation in patients with COPD receiving non linear periodised exercise training or neuromuscular electrical stimulation: protocol of two randomised, double blind, placebo controlled trials
abstract: Exercise intolerance is common in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and, although multifactorial, it is largely caused by lower limb muscle dysfunction. Research has shown that patients with severe to very severe COPD have significantly lower levels of muscle carnosine, which acts as a pH buffer and antioxidant. Beta alanine (BA) supplementation has been shown to consistently elevate muscle carnosine in a variety of populations and may therefore improve exercise tolerance and lower limb muscle function. The primary objective of the current studies is to assess the beneficial effects of BA supplementation in enhancing exercise tolerance on top of two types of exercise training (non linear periodised exercise (NLPE) training or neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) in patients with COPD.  Two randomised, double blind, placebo controlled trials have been designed. Patients will routinely receive either NLPE (BASE TRAIN trial) or NMES (BASE ELECTRIC trial) as part of standard exercise based care during their 8 to 10 week pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) programme. A total of 222 patients with COPD (2x77 154 patients in the BASE TRAIN trial and 2x34 68 patients in the BASE ELECTRIC trial) will be recruited from two specialised PR centres in The Netherlands. For study purposes, patients will receive 3.2 g of oral BA supplementation or placebo per day. Exercise tolerance is the primary outcome, which will be assessed using the endurance shuttle walk test (BASE TRAIN) or the constant work rate cycle test (BASE ELECTRIC) Furthermore, quadriceps muscle strength and endurance, cognitive function, carnosine levels (in muscle) BA levels (in blood and muscle) markers of oxidative stress and inflammation (in blood, muscles and lungs) physical activity and quality of life will be measured. Ethics and dissemination Both trials were approved by CMO Regio Arnhem Nijmegen, The Netherlands (NL70781.091.19. and NL68757.091.19)

title: Effects of supplementation with creatine monohydrate and beta alanine, alone or combined, on repeated sprint performance and physiological parameters in amateur team and racket sport players
abstract: The purpose of this study was to compare the combined effects of creatine monohydrate (Cr) and beta alanine (BA) with their isolated use on performance and physiological parameters during repeated sprint sequences (RSS) Forty four male (n=34) and female (n=10) amateur team and racket sport players (25.1+ 3.1 years; 175.2+ 9.8 cm; 76.0+ 10.3 kg; 15.2+ 6.8% body fat) performed ten repetitions of 6 s sprints with departure every 30 s, before and after a 28 day supplementation period with either Cr (n=11, 5 g.day 1) BA (n=10, 6 g.day 1) combined Cr and BA (n=12, 5 g.day 1 of Cr plus 6g.day 1 of BA) or placebo (11 g.day 1 of rice flour) Peak (PP) and mean power (MP) performance decrement %Dec) heart rate (HR) blood lactate concentration (LA) and perceived exertion (RPE) were measured. Analyses of variance (ANOVA) were used to determine the effects of groups (Cr, BA, CrBA, P) sprint number (1 to 10) and time (pre vs. post supplementation) on all variables. A significant increase in PP was shown in the post compared to pre supplementation in Cr +5.2% and BA +5.2% groups only (p<0.05) and significant decreases in MP in all groups (3.7% to 6.4% p<0.05) except BA. %Dec was significantly decreased post supplementation in the Cr group only (17.4% p<0.05) No effects were shown on HR, RPE and LA (p<0.05) These results show no additional benefits of the combination of Cr and BA on RSS performance and suggest that longer sprint or total exercise duration might be necessary to observe benefits of the combined supplementation.

title: Effects of Beta Alanine Supplementation on Physical Performance in Aerobic Anaerobic Transition Zones: A Systematic Review and Meta Analysis
abstract: Beta alanine supplementation (BA) has a positive impact on physical performance. However, evidence showing a benefit of this amino acid in aerobic anaerobic transition zones is scarce and the results controversial. The aim of this systematic review and meta analysis is to analyze the effects of BA supplementation on physical performance in aerobic anaerobic transition zones. At the same time, the effect of different dosages and durations of BA supplementation were identified. The search was designed in accordance with the PRISMA(r) guidelines for systematic reviews and meta analyses and performed in Web of Science (WOS) Scopus, SPORTDiscus, PubMed, and MEDLINE between 2010 and 2020. The methodological quality and risk of bias were evaluated with the Cochrane Collaboration tool. The main variables were the Time Trial Test (TTT) and Time to Exhaustion (TTE) tests, the latter separated into the Limited Time Test (LTT) and Limited Distance Test (LDT) The analysis was carried out with a pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) through Hedges' g test (95% CI) Nineteen studies were included in the systematic review and meta analysis, revealing a small effect for time in the TTT (SMD, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.87 0.16; I2 59% p 0.010) a small effect for LTT (SMD, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.01 0.51; I2 0% p 0.53) and a large effect for LDT (SMD, 4.27; 95% CI, 0.25 8.79; I2 94% p 0.00001) BA supplementation showed small effects on physical performance in aerobic anaerobic transition zones. Evidence on acute supplementation is scarce (one study) therefore, exploration of acute supplementation with different dosages and formats on physical performance in aerobic anaerobic transition zones is needed.

title: Short Duration Beta Alanine Supplementation Did Not Prevent the Detrimental Effects of an Intense Preparatory Period on Exercise Capacity in Top Level Female Footballers
abstract: High intensity activity is an important aspect of football performance during competitive match play. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of beta alanine supplementation throughout a short duration intense football specific training period prior to an international competition on measures of high intensity running performance.  Twenty four elite international U20 female footballers (age 18 1 y, height 1.67 0.07 m, body mass 62.7 7.4 kg) volunteered to perform the YoYo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1 (YoYo IR1) the Running Anaerobic Sprint Test (RAST) and a 20 m maximal sprint test on two separate occasions, separated by 3 weeks of training and supplementation. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either 6.4 g*day 1 sustained release beta alanine (BA, N 12) or an equivalent dose of maltodextrin (placebo, PL, N 12) throughout a 3 week standardized training camp.  There was a main effect of group (P 0.05) and time (P 0.004) on YoYo IR1; overall values were lower in PL and distance covered was lower post vs. pre supplementation. There was no group x time interaction (P 0.07) There was an effect of sprint number for RAST, but no further main effects and there were no effect for the 20 m sprint.  Top level female footballers involved in this intense 3 week training period prior to a competition worsened their high intensity intermittent exercise capacity, and this negative result was not attenuated by a short duration BA supplementation protocol throughout the same period. Further work is necessary to elucidate whether adapted training protocols and BA dosing regimens could lead to better results.

title: Reduced Dose of Beta Alanine Is Sufficient to Maintain Performance in Repeated Sprints.
abstract: Zandona, BA, Ramos, RA, de Oliveira, CdS, McAnulty, SR, Ferreira, LHB, Smolarek, AC, Enes, AAN, Urbinati, KMdSS, Aragon, AA, Schoenfeld, BJ, and de Souza Junior, TP. Reduced Dose of Beta Alanine Is Sufficient to Maintain Performance in Repeated Sprints. J Strength Cond Res XX(X) 000 000, 2020 Beta alanine (BA) supplementation has been shown to be effective in improving physical performance by increasing carnosine concentration. However, it is still necessary to know the effect of a maintenance dose on performance. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects of a maintenance dose of BA supplementation on performance. Forty four anaerobically trained men with 23.9 3.8 years of age, 176.0 0.05 cm height, 81.2 7.5 kg body mass, and 15.5 2.9% of body fat performed a cycle ergometer test consisting of 4 sprints of 30 s with 4 minutes of active recovery. The study comprised 3 phases: (a) presupplementation, (b) supplementation with 6.4 g*d BA or placebo, and (c) postsupplementation with a maintenance dose of 1.2 g*d of BA or interruption of supplementation. Data were analyzed using generalized estimated equations with a priori 0.05 level of significance. The placebo group and interruption group presented a lower power (7.28 0.66 and 7.71 0.42 W*kg vs. 8.04 0.84 and 9.25 1.18 W*kg, respectively; p 0.05) during the third sprint in postsupplementation, whereas the maintenance group maintained the required power (7.47 1.03 vs. 8.74 1.07 W*kg; p 0.05) The placebo group also presented higher percentage of fatigue (44.5% 12.3 and 44.8% 7.7 vs. 37.6 7.2% p 0.021) and higher subjective perception of exertion (8.92 0.90 vs. 8.00 1.60; p 0.028) Therefore, the maintenance dose of 1.2 g*d BA was effective in maintaining performance, whereas a reduction in performance was observed after supplementation interruption.

title: Beta alanine fails to improve on 5,000 m running time despite increasing PAT1 expression in long distance runners.
abstract: Beta alanine has become a dietary supplement widely used by athletes due to its ergogenic effect. However, there is still no consensus on the performance benefit of beta alanine on exercise lasting longer than ten minutes. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of beta alanine supplementation on running performance and the expression of TauT and PAT1.  This double blind, randomized study enrolled 16 long distance runners (37 8 years) who were randomly allocated to two groups: Placebo (PLA) and Beta alanine (BA) (4.8 g*day 1) for four weeks. Maximal oxygen consumption, anthropometry, body composition, and food intake were determined. Before and after the intervention, the athletes undertook a 5,000 m running time trial. Venous blood (TauT and PAT1 expressions) and ear lobe capillary blood (lactate) collected before and after exercise. Between tests, we monitored the training variables.  The results were analyzed by T tests and an ANOVA of repeated measures, with Sidak's post hoc (p<0.05) PLA exhibited lower body fat than BA (8.7 2.2 vs. 11.5 2.8% p=0.04) After supplementation, there was an increase in PAT1 expression in BA when compared to PLA (1.17 0.47 vs. 0.77 0.18, p=0.04) No significant differences were shown for the 5,000 m running time in PLA (PRE:1128 72; POST:1123 72s) and BA (PRE:1107 95; POST:1093 86s)  Although beta alanine supplementation increased PAT1 expression, there was no statistically significant improvement in 5,000 m running performance. However, individual responses should be considered as the BA showed a higher delta than the PLA.