Query: physalis

title: Impact of enzymatic treatment on chemical composition, physicochemical properties and radical scavenging activity of goldenberry (Physalis peruviana L. juice
abstract: Tropical pulpy juices play an important role in nutrition as an excellent base for low calorie and dietetic products. Goldenberry (Physalis peruviana L. is one of the most promising exotic fruits and many interesting functional products could be developed from these berries. In this work we are reporting, for the first time, on the chemical composition and some physicochemical parameters of the goldenberry fruit juice. We have also investigated how some of these properties are affected by enzymatic treatment and pasteurisation. By enzymation, not only is the yield of juice increased, but also the macro and micro components. Application of enzymes, moreover, leads to juices with higher pulp content, higher acidity and higher total soluble solids. On the other side, enzyme treated juices were characterised by lower alcohol soluble solids and pH values. Water and fat soluble bioactives were estimated in appreciable amounts in the juice. The antioxidative potential of different processed juices was assessed by means of bleaching of the stable 1,1 diphenyl 2 picrylhydrazyl radicals and the resulting values were correlated with each of the antioxidant compounds. The results obtained can be considered very satisfactory and the juice could be widely appreciated when compared with other products commonly available on the market. The data are helpful for the optimisation of goldenberry juice production. It was the purpose to present a comprehensive assessment of the goldenberry juice and to address the potential for its delivery in functional drinks.

title: Cytotoxic Withanolides from Physalis angulata L.
abstract: Four new withanolides, physagulins L O (1 4) were isolated from the MeOH extract of the aerial parts of Physalis angulata L. (Solanaceae) together with seven known withanolides, compounds 5 11. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic techniques, including 1H 13C NMR (DEPT) and 2D NMR (HMBC, HMQC, 1H,1H COSY, NOESY) experiments, as well as by HR MS. All eleven compounds were tested for their antiproliferative activities towards human colorectal carcinoma (HCT 116) and human non small cell lung cancer (NCI H460) cells. Compound 5 exhibited the highest anticancer activity against the HCT 116 cell line, with an IC50 value of 1.64+ 0.06 mM. Compound 9 exhibited the highest cytotoxicity towards the NCI H460 cell line, with an IC50 value of 0.43+ 0.02 mM (Table 3)

title: Isolation, structures, and structure cytotoxic activity relationships of withanolides and physalins from Physalis angulata.
abstract: Phytochemical investigation of Physalis angulata was initiated following primary biological screening. Fractionation of CHCl3 and n BuOH solubles of the MeOH extract from the whole plant was guided by in vitro cytotoxic activity assay using cultured HONE 1 and NUGC cells and led to the isolation of seven new withanolides, withangulatins B H (1 7) and a new minor physalin, physalin W (8) along with 14 known compounds, including physaprun A, withaphysanolide, dihydrowithanolide E, physanolide A, withaphysalin A, and physalins B, D, F, G, I, J, T, U, and V. New compounds (1 8) were fully characterized by a combination of spectroscopic methods (1D and 2D NMR and MS) and the relative stereochemical assignments based on NOESY correlations and analysis of coupling constants. Biological evaluation of these compounds against a panel of human cancer cell lines showed broad cytotoxic activity. Withangulatin B (1) and physalins D (10) and F (11) displayed potent cytotoxic activity against a panel of human cancer cell lines with EC50 values ranging from 0.2 to 1.6 microg/mL. Structure activity relationship analysis indicated that withanolides and physalins with 4beta hydroxy 2 en 1 one and 5beta,6beta epoxy moieties are potential cytotoxic agents.

title: ANTI FERTILITY EFFECTS OF PHYSALIS ALKEKENGI ALCOHOLIC EXTRACT IN FEMALE RAT
abstract: Physalis alkekengi (P. alkekengi)has been used as an abortive plant in Iranian traditional medicine for many years.  To investigate the effects of P.alkekengi on the fertility rate in female rats.  In this experimental study, 40 female albino rats were divided randomly into two groups; group 1/for investigating the implantation sites and group 2/ for investigating the number and weight of neonates. In both groups, treated animals received plant extract at dose of 150 mg/kg on days 1 5 of pregnancy. In group 1, treated animals were euthanized at 7 th days of pregnancy and number of implantation sites were counted. In group 2, treated animals maintained till delivery time and after delivery, the number and weight of neonates were investigated.  Data showed that administration of P. alkekengi extract on days 1 5 of pregnancy significantly decreased the number of implantation sites, number and weight of neonates.  These results suggest that the extract produced anti fertility effect probably by inhibiting implantation.

title: Preliminary studies on antihepatotoxic effect of Physalis peruviana Linn. (Solanaceae) against carbon tetrachloride induced acute liver injury in rats.
abstract: Physalis peruviana is a medicinal herb used by Muthuvan tribes and Tamilian native who reside in the shola forest regions of Kerala, India against jaundice. It was evaluated for its antihepatotoxic, phytochemical analysis and the acute toxicity of the most promising extract in rats. Water, ethanol and hexane extracts of Physalis peruviana (500mg/kg body weight) showed antihepatotoxic activities against CCl(4) induced hepatotoxicity. The ethanol and hexane extracts showed moderate activity compared to water extract, which showed activity at a low dose of 125mg/kg. The results were judged from the serum marker enzymes. Histopathological changes induced by CCl(4) were also significantly reduced by the extract. Further, the extract administration to rats resulted in an increase in hepatic GSH and decrease in MDA. Preliminary phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of various components in the crude aqueous extract. The extract was found to be devoid of any conspicuous acute toxicity in rats.

title: Actividad antinflamatoria de extractos y fracciones obtenidas de calices de Physalis peruviana L.
abstract: Cape gooseberry calyces (Physalis peruviana) have been used in folk medicine for their medicinal properties including anticancer, antimycobacterial, antipyretic, diuretic, immunomodulatory and antiinflammatory properties.  The antiinflammatory effect was evaluated for extracts and fractions obtained from Physalis peruviana calyces in a mice model of acute inflammation. The fractions responsible for antiinflammatory activity were extracted for possible identification.  The Physalis peruviana calyces were extracted by percolation with organic solvents. The primary hydroalcoholic fraction was purified by column chromatography. The antiinflammatory effect of extracts and fractions was evaluated using the 12 Otetradecanoylphorbol 13 acetate induced mouse model of ear edema.  Thirty eight secondary fractions were obtained by column chromatography of primary hydroalcoholic fraction. Six fractions, evaluated in 12 O tetradecanoylphorbol 13 acetateinduced inflammation assay, showed significant antiinflammatory activity (p<0.05) The major fraction, Pp D28 LF, showed a significant dose dependent response at doses over 250 mg/ear.  The antiinflammatory activity attributed to Physalis peruviana calyces was confirmed and validated its use in folk medicine. Fractions responsible for the antiinflammatory action were identified and seem promising for phytomedicinal development. Further studies are needed to isolate and identify the active constituents of these fractions as well as to ascertain the mechanisms involved in the antiinflammatory effect.

title: Hormonal control of the inflated calyx syndrome, a morphological novelty, in Physalis.
abstract: The 'Chinese lantern' phenotype or inflated calyx syndrome (ICS) inflated sepals encapsulating the mature berry of Physalis floridana is a morphological novelty within the Solanaceae. ICS is associated with heterotopic expression of MPF2, which codes for a MADS box transcription factor otherwise involved in leaf formation and male fertility. In accordance with this finding, the MPF2 promoter sequence differs significantly from that of its orthologue STMADS16 in the related Solanum tuberosum, which does not exhibit ICS. However, heterotopic expression of MPF2 is not sufficient for ICS formation in P. floridana fertilization is also important. Here we report that the hormones cytokinin and gibberellin are essential for ICS formation. MPF2 controls sepal cell division, but the resulting cells are small. Calyx size increases substantially only if gibberellin and cytokinin are available to promote cell elongation and further cell division. Transient expression of appropriate MPF2 /STMADS16 GFP fusions in leaf tissues in the presence of hormones revealed that cytokinin, but not gibberellin, facilitated transport of the transcription factor into the nucleus. Furthermore, an ICS like structure can be induced in transgenic S. tuberosum by ectopic expression of STMADS16 and simultaneous treatment with cytokinin and gibberellin. Strikingly, transgenic Arabidopsis ectopically expressing solanaceous MPF2 like proteins display enhanced sepal growth when exposed to cytokinin only, while orthologous proteins from non solanaceous plants did not require cytokinin for this function. These data are incorporated into a detailed model for ICS formation in P. floridana.

title: PFMAGO, a MAGO NASHI like factor, interacts with the MADS domain protein MPF2 from Physalis floridana.
abstract: MADS domain proteins serve as regulators of plant development and often form dimers and higher order complexes to function. Heterotopic expression of MPF2, a MADS box gene, in reproductive tissues is a key component in the evolution of the inflated calyx syndrome in Physalis, but RNAi studies demonstrate that MPF2 has also acquired a role in male fertility in Physalis floridana. Using the yeast 2 hybrid system, we have now identified numerous MPF2 interacting MADS domain proteins from Physalis, including homologs of SOC1, AP1, SEP1, SEP3, AG, and AGL6. Among the many non MADS domain proteins recovered was a homolog of MAGO NASHI, a highly conserved RNA binding protein known to be involved in many developmental processes including germ cell differentiation. Two MAGO genes, termed P. floridana mago nashi1 (PFMAGO1) and PFMAGO2, were isolated from P. floridana. Both copies were found to be coexpressed in leaves, fruits, and, albeit at lower level, also in roots, stems, and flowers. DNA sequence analysis revealed that, although the coding sequences of the 2 genes are highly conserved, they differ substantially in their intron and promoter sequences. Two hybrid screening of a Physalis expression library with both PFMAGO1 and PFMAGO2 as baits yielded numerous gene products, including an Y14 like protein. Y14 is an RNA binding protein that forms part of various "gene expression machines." The function of MPF2 and 2 PFMAGO proteins in ensuring male fertility and evolution of calyx development in Physalis is discussed.

title: Estudio preliminar de la resistencia mecanica a la fractura y fuerza de firmeza para fruta de uchuva (Physalis peruviana L.
abstract: Se hizo la caracterizacion reologica de la uchuva (Physalis peruviana L. a traves de la respuesta mecanica bajo ensayos de compresion unidireccional a pruebas de firmeza y fractura, para 3 grados de madurez (verde, pinton y maduro) y los dias transcurridos despues de la cosecha (1, 3, 5, 7, 9 dias) Los resultados indicaron que la fuerza de firmeza y la resistencia mecanica a la fractura en dos sentidos de carga longitudinal y transversal disminuyen con el tiempo de poscosecha de la fruta, indicando que el fruto maduro es mas susceptible al dano mecanico con respecto al verde y pinton.

title: The role of the coat protein region in symptom formation on Physalis floridana varies between PVY strains.
abstract: The Potato virus Y (PVY) cDNA full length clone created by Jakab et al. [Jakab, G. Droz, E. Brigneti, G. Baulcombe, D. Malnoe, P. 1997. Infectious in vivo and in vitro transcripts from a full length cDNA clone of PVY N605, a Swiss necrotic isolate of potato virus Y.  3145] was stabilized by inserting three introns into putatively toxic genes. Using this clone, hybrid viruses were constructed by in vitro recombination. The PVY N/NTN and PVY N/O chimeras carried the 3' end of NIb, the whole CP and 3'UTR region of PVY(NTN) and PVY(O) respectively, in a PVY(N) genetic background. The clones proved to be stable after several passages by re sequencing the exchanged region. Both hybrid viruses showed reduced infectivity in particle bombardment experiments, but they were suitable for further mechanical plant inoculation. In five of the six host plant species, inoculated with the two chimeras and three parental strains, the chimeras produced similar symptoms to those of PVY(N) By contrast, Physalis floridana reacted with different pattern of symptoms. In this species, the symptoms caused by the N/O hybrid were similar to those of the 3'NIb CP donating PVY(O) strain, and not to those of the background (PVY(N) The results suggest that symptom determinants may be different even between strains of the same virus species in a particular host.