Query: Eating habits and gender

title: Comparative Study of Eating Habits and Lifestyle by Gender among College Students in Pyeongtaek Region

title: Prevalence of overweight and obesity among adolescents in Bangladesh: do eating habits and physical activity have a gender differential effect?
abstract: The aim of this study was to examine the gender differential effects of eating habits and physical activity on overweight and obesity among school aged adolescents in Bangladesh. Nationally representative data extracted from the 2014 Global School based Student Health Survey (GSHS) were utilized. The survey collected information related to physical and mental health from 2989 school aged adolescents in Bangladesh. An exploratory data analysis and multivariate logistic regression model were employed in this study. Female adolescents were at a lower risk of being overweight or obese (AOR=0.573) than males, with a prevalence of 7.4% (males: 9.9% The results showed that high consumption of vegetables (both: AOR=0.454; males: AOR=0.504; females: AOR=0.432) high soft drink consumption (both: AOR=2.357; males: AOR=2.929; females: AOR=1.677) high fast food consumption (both: AOR=2.777 sleep disturbance (both: AOR=0.675; males: AOR=0.590; females: AOR=0.555) and regular walking or cycling to school (both: AOR=0.472 were vital influencing factors for being overweight or obese among adolescents for both sexes. Sedentary activities during leisure time were also identified as significant predictors of being overweight or obese for males. Regular fruit and vegetable consumption, the avoidance of soft drinks and fast food, an increase in vigorous physical activity, regular attendance at physical education classes and fewer sedentary leisure time activities could all help reduce the risk of being overweight or obese for both sexes.

title: Gender and Body Fat Status as Predictors of Parental Feeding Styles and Children's Nutritional Knowledge, Eating Habits and Behaviours
abstract: The home food environment is critically important for the development of children's health related practices. By managing dietary restrictions, providing nutritional knowledge and demonstrating eating behaviours, parents contribute to children's food preferences and eating patterns. The present study examined nutritional knowledge, eating habits and appetite traits among 387 Polish five year old healthy and overfat boys and girls in the context of parental feeding styles and body fat status. We observed that girls presented healthier eating habits than boys; however, overfat boys had better nutritional knowledge. Children's body fat percentage %BF) was found to be linked with eating behaviours such as low satiety responsiveness and increased food responsiveness in girls as well as low emotional undereating and increased emotional overeating in boys. Our results revealed that overfat mothers, who were more prone to use the encouragement feeding style, rarely had daughters with increased %BF. Parents of overfat girls, however, were less likely to apply encouragement and instrumental feeding styles. Contrary to popular belief and previous studies, overfat women do not necessarily transmit unhealthy eating patterns to their children. Parents' greater emphasis on managing the weight and eating habits of daughters (rather than sons) probably results from their awareness of standards of female physical attractiveness.

title: Eating habits of Polish university students depending on the direction of studies and gender
abstract: The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the eating habits of students in the field of management and engineering of food products compared to students from faculties not related to food science. Furthermore, another aim is to conduct gender wise assessment to determine the type of eating habit, i.e. careful or binge eating.  The research involved 400 students from all years of study. The survey was conducted in 2017 2018 and the selection of the sample was intentional. The research used a questionnaire form. Additionally, kh2 test was performed to assess the statistical independence of characteristics.  It is found that most students who pledge proper nutrition are women. The majority of respondents ate 3 4 meals in day and regular consumption of breakfast was declared among 42 percent of respondents. The consumption of sweet snacks between meals is reaffirmed by the half of the respondents. Students of the food sciences more often than others believed that they eat healthier and more regularly, although students of non food directions most often declared intake of five or more meals a day.  An important limitation of the conducted study is a relatively small research sample. It consisted of university students from one of the largest academic centers in Poland. The results cannot be generalized to all students in this country. In the future, a similar survey should be conducted on a larger scale and cover all similar fields of management and engineering of food products in Poland. In addition, it would be worth expanding the research and examine graduates who found employment in the food industry.  The results of the conducted research are a good source of information on the differences in the way of feeding studying women and men. While such studies are not very revealing, the comparison between students in food and non food fields can be considered a novelty. The described results can be used by the students themselves, but above all, by the authorities of universities conducting food science programs.  The students do not eat properly which can lead to nutritional deficiencies and can deteriorate mental and physical endurance damaging overall health.  The described research is important due to the observed deteriorating eating habits and growing overweight of young adults in developed countries like Poland. They show that education of food technologists, even at the academic level, does not always allow to avoid mistakes in their own nutrition.

title: Alimentacion y consumo de sustancias (alcohol, tabaco y drogas) del alumnado universitario. Analisis en funcion del genero y la practica de actividad fisico deportiva University students' eating habits and substance consumption (alcohol, tobacco, and drugs) according to gender and sport practice
abstract: The aim of this study is to assess university students' eating habits and unhealthy substance consumption (alcohol, tobacco, and drugs) as well as to determine the relationship between these factors, physical activity practice, and gender. Therefore, a descriptive inferential study was done by having 1085 students from the University of Seville complete a validated questionnaire. The main results showed proper and healthy eating habits by students. Alcohol is the substance that was most consumed, mainly during the weekend. Tobacco is the most consistently abused substance, and other drugs are consumed very little by students. Regarding gender, males regularly drink more alcohol than females, while females smoke more than males. Alcohol consumption is similar between active and sedentary students, but physically active students drink more alcohol on occasion and during the weekend than sedentary students. Likewise, the physically active students smoke at similar percentages to sedentary students over the weekend. Therefore, results suggest there is no relationship between physical activity practice and the different healthy habits taken into consideration in the present study.

title: Gender Expression and Sexual Orientation Differences in Diet Quality and Eating Habits from Adolescence to Young Adulthood.
abstract: Diet and eating habits during youth have implications on diet and eating habits during adulthood, however, little longitudinal research has examined sexual orientation and gender expression differences in diet.  Our aim was to examine sexual orientation and gender expression differences in diet quality and eating habits from adolescence to young adulthood.  Data across multiple time points from the longitudinal Growing Up Today Study cohorts (1997 to 2011) were used.  Participants (n=12,880; aged 10 to 23 years) were the children of women from the Nurses' Health Study II cohort.  Diet quality scores were assessed using the Alternative Healthy Eating Index 2010. In addition, breakfast consumption =5 days/wk) and family dinners =5 days/wk) were assessed. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED Multivariable generalized estimating equation regression models were fit to estimate sexual orientation and gender expression differences in diet quality scores, breakfast consumption, and family dinners, stratified by sex assigned at birth over available repeated measures. Gender nonconforming" males had significantly higher diet quality scores than "very gender conforming" males (P<0.05) Diet quality scores did not differ by gender expression among females. "Mostly heterosexual" females and gay males had higher diet quality scores than their same sex completely heterosexual counterparts (P<0.05) Adjustment for mother's diet quality scores attenuated effects, except for gay males (P<0.05) "Gender nonconforming" females were less likely to consume breakfast than "very gender conforming" females (P<0.05) Similar results were found for "mostly heterosexual" and bisexual compared to completely heterosexual females. There were no gender expression or sexual orientation differences in family dinners among males and females.  Sexual orientation and gender expression have independent effects on diet quality scores and eating habits for both males and females. Very gender conforming and completely heterosexual males had the lowest diet quality scores compared to other gender expression and sexual orientation groups. Additional research to explore the effects of sexual orientation and gender expression on diet related health is needed to build upon these findings.

title: Eating habits in terms of gender among Turkish agricultural engineering students: A cross sectional study

title: Gender Analyses of Brazilian Parental Eating and Activity With Their Adolescents' Eating Habits.
abstract: To explore the associations between the eating habits of sons and daughters and the eating habits, sedentary behavior, and physical activity of their fathers and mothers.  A cross sectional survey of adolescents.  The 6 largest schools in Londrina, Brazil.  A total of 842 adolescents, 842 mothers, and 842 fathers participated in this study.  Eating habits of adolescents and sedentary behavior, physical activity, and eating habits of their fathers and mothers, measured by questionnaire.  The associations were identified by binary logistic regression, adjusted by adolescent's age, family's socioeconomic status, parents' educational level, and the other parental behavior.  Independent of educational level and socioeconomic condition, mothers' eating behaviors seem to be more closely related to their adolescent children's eating behavior (vegetables, fruits, fried foods, soft drinks, and sweets [P .001] than fathers' behaviors (fried foods and sweets [P .01] soft drinks [P .001] In addition, the behaviors of mothers were more associated to the behaviors of daughters than to the behaviors of sons (7 vs 5 associated behaviors) while behaviors of fathers were more associated with the behaviors of sons than to the behaviors of daughters (4 vs 2 associated behaviors) No associations were noted for sedentary and physical activity behavior and eating behaviors between adolescents and their parents.  Many eating habits of adolescents were associated with eating habits of both fathers and mothers, emphasizing the importance of family focused health promotion actions. Future research is needed incorporating into the analyses, among others, the nutritional statuses and the clustering of healthy and unhealthy behaviors of parents and their children.

title: The (Economic) Development of Healthy Eating Habits: Gender, Nutrition, and Health Outcomes in 31 Countries
abstract: This research examines how gender and economic development interrelate to predict healthy eating behaviors, and how all three interrelate to predict health outcomes. The consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables has been identified by international NGOS, policymakers, and health advocates as an important way to improve health outcomes. However, attempts to change population diets often take highly individualistic approaches, which may overlook structural factors that influence access to and availability of healthy food options, and systematic differences in the propensity to enact health behaviors among populations with similar levels of access and availability. In response, we examine nationally representative data from 31 middle and high income countries from the health module of the 2011 International Social Survey Programme. Following analyses from multilevel gamma and linear regression models, we draw two main conclusions. First, women, but not men, tend to eat fresh fruits and vegetables more frequently in more developed countries. Second, there is substantial heterogeneity in health differences between men and women, depending on individual eating behaviors and national development context. We conclude by discussing the academic and policy implications for health and development of our findings regarding the effect of structural factors on eating behaviors and health outcomes.

title: Eating habits and physical activity in dieter and non dieter youth: A gender analysis of English and Spanish adolescents
abstract: A high prevalence of youth is overweight or obese, and a frequent lack of monitoring of their weight control strategies is observed. Consequently, this paper compares the eating habits and physical activities of male and female dieters and non dieters. Data are obtained from the large cross national WHO collaborative study "Health Behavior in School aged Children 2010" The current sample consists of 9,444 students aged 11, 13 and 15 years from England and Spain. Participants are asked about dieting, vigorous and moderate to vigorous physical activity, breakfast frequency and fruit, vegetable, sweet and soft drink consumption. A logistic regression is used to examine the differences between dieters and non dieters with regard to the aforementioned eating and physical activity habits. Differences between genders, countries, and those associated with BMI (body mass index) are also considered. The results suggest that the reality of weight control differs from the major health promotion recommendations during adolescence.