Query: ka-band phase array antenna

title: Array Configuration Analysis of Ka Band Phase Array Antenna

title: Ka Band Passive Phased Array Antenna With Substrate Integrated Waveguide Tunable Phase Shifter
abstract: A low cost and low profile <inline formula> <tex math notation="LaTeX"$Ka$ /tex math>/inline formula> band passive phased array antenna (PAA) using continuously tunable substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) phase shifter is presented in this article. The phase shifting mechanism is based on perturbing the electric field of the slotted SIW (SSIW) line by putting a high dielectric constant slab over the slot of SIW. A systematic approach based on a simple transmission line (TL) circuit model which can support different modes is developed as a fast method for design optimization. It provides insightful physical understanding of the operating mechanism of the proposed phase shifter. In addition, a fully verified TL model of the <inline formula> <tex math notation="LaTeX"$1\times 4$ /tex math>/inline formula> SIW PAA is presented and used to predict and optimize the overall reflection coefficients and radiation patterns at different scanning angles. The TL circuit model is verified by full wave simulations. As a design example, a <inline formula> <tex math notation="LaTeX"$1\times 4$ /tex math>/inline formula> SIW based phased array is designed, fabricated, and measured to validate phase shifter performance and capabilities. The prototype exhibits a continuous beam scanning range from 20deg to +20deg covering the whole operating band of 29 31 GHz.

title: Preliminary design of 94 GHz E band phase array antenna for future mobile communication
abstract: Recent interest in 5G communication prompts research in millimeter wave (mmW) massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO) technique. Although actual band and modulation scheme have not yet been specified, many indications lead to Ka band. However, due to the small size of cell phone, we consider E band to be more suitable for 5G or beyond mobile communication. In this paper we present a preliminary design of a 94 GHz phase array antenna that consists of 16x16 dipole antenna with beam forming ring elements, each element has 5 dBi gain, and the array combined gain is ~32 dBi and 3 dB beam width is 1.36deg. The 10 dB bandwidth is around 66.28 117.94 GHz. We explain the logics that lead to this design, and analyze the possible link budget, and compare the pro and con of antenna on chip (AoC) antenna on package (AoP) and antenna on case (AoCa) We found it is possible but difficult to use a complete CMOS transceiver to achieve a reliable 94 GHz link between user equipment (UE) and base station (BS) and power amplifier made of III V compound is still necessary. AoCa offers easier implementation of large area array with better gain and main beam accuracy.

title: Ka band phased patch array antenna integrated with a PET controlled phase shifter
abstract: In this article, a 4 x 4 linear phased patch array antenna, consisting of four 1 x 4 patch subarrays and a true time delay multiline phase shifter, is proposed on a thin film liquid crystal polymer substrate at Ka band. The patch antenna is designed with a gain of 6 dBi at 35 GHz and a bandwidth of 23% centered at 35 GHz. To enhance the gain and symmetrize the beam patterns of the 4 x 4 array, a 1 x 4 patch subarray in the E plane was designed and characterized. The subarray produces an enhanced gain of 11 dBi and a wide beamwidth of 38deg in the H plane for beam steering. The proposed phase shifter comprises a 1 x 4 microstrip line power splitter and a piezoelectric transducer controlled phase perturber. A large phase variation of up to 370deg and a low insertion loss of less than 2 dB were demonstrated for the phase shifter at Ka band. The integrated phased array attains a gain of 15.6 dBi, and a continuous true time delay beam steering of up to 33 1deg from 31 to 39 GHz.  Int J RF and Microwave CAE, 2015.

title: Ka band Full Polarization Reconfigurable 1D Beam Steering Staggered Butterfly Phased Array Antenna
abstract: A novel full polarization reconfigurable \mathbf{8}\times \mathbf{12} Butterfly phased array antenna with wide angle 1D beam steering performance is proposed at Ka band (28 GHz) for increased system capacity of 5G communications. The butterfly unit cell of the proposed array is a novel sequentially rotated series fed microstrip patch antenna with simple, versatile, and adequate radiation performance characteristics. The proposed staggered planar array configuration reduces the spacing between the adjacent series fed linear array to \mathbf{0.45}\lambda_{\mathbf{0} where \lambda_{\mathbf{0} is the free space wavelength at 28 GHz. This reduced spacing can enable larger beam steering angle radiation performance without any grating lobes. The 16 channel Analog devices ADMV4821 RFIC Ka band beamformer is used to provide excitation weights for achieving the desired beam steering, full polarization reconfiguration, and reduced sidelobe level. The ADMV4821 beamformer chip is characterized; the average measured phase imbalance is less than 10deg, and the average measured channel gain imbalance is less than 1 dB. The proposed Butterfly staggered phased array antenna is being prototyped and integrated with the beamformer board to verify the analysis and simulation results experimentally.

title: A Low Cost Ka Band Circularly Polarized Passive Phased Array Antenna for Mobile Satellite Applications
abstract: This paper presents a low profile, high performance, and low cost <italic>Ka</italic> band circularly polarized (CP) passive phased array antenna (PAA) system. A <inline formula> <tex math notation="LaTeX"$1\times 4$ /tex math>/inline formula> passive subarray operating at the <italic>Ka</italic> band frequency band is investigated, developed, and tested as a possible building block for mobile satellite communication systems. In particular, a CP antenna integrated with a high performance passive phase shifter is presented and experimentally verified. A new low cost and low profile magnetic actuator is proposed to precisely control the phase state of the phase shifter. A 3 D printed polymer package is utilized to enclose the phase shifter and reduce the environmental effects. The proposed CP passive PAA achieves high performance right hand CP radiation with high cross polarization discrimination over a wide scan angle from 0deg to 38deg over the frequency band (29.5 30.5 GHz) An axial ratio (AR) 3 dB is demonstrated over the entire scanning range. Moreover, the measured radiation efficiency is 60% at boresight. The gain drops by 1 dB at 38deg scanning angles.

title: Design of integrated Ka band reflective phased array antenna element
abstract: The results of a constructively simple high tech small sized integrated element of the Ka band electric beam scanning reflective phased array antenna (PAA) development are shown. Beam scanning sector of the phased array antenna is up to 60 by both coordinates. The PAA element is based on the Faraday type waveguide ferrite phase shifter, which works on the circular polarized electromagnetic waves. More than 30000 PAA elements has been produced, 100% control and statistical data processing of their main characteristics has been carried out. Graph for initial phases and steepness of linearized phase characteristics, medium and maximum losses of PAA elements are performed. Average value of the average deviation for parameters which is important for PAA and the beam control system design have been determined. The developed element can be used in PAA which have different sizes, forms and sectors of electrical beam scanning. Small deviations in the characteristics of PAA elements from the linearized characteristics indicate the high quality of the production and their identity, which makes it possible to create PAA without taking into account the real individual parameters of mass produced PAA elements.

title: An Integrated Circularly Polarized Transmitter Active Phased Array Antenna for Emerging Ka Band Satellite Mobile Terminals
abstract: This paper presents the design, development, and measurement results of a low cost integrated circularly polarized (CP) active phased array antenna (CP APAA) technology with sidelobe level (SLL) control, operating at <inline formula> <tex math notation="LaTeX"$Ka$ /tex math>/inline formula> band, for high throughput land mobile satellite communication. The proposed CP APAA is comprised of <inline formula> <tex math notation="LaTeX"$4\times 16$ /tex math>/inline formula> 64 elements in a rectangular grid array configuration. Eight commercial monolithic monolithic microwave/millimeter wave integrated circuit. (MMICs) with eight RF output channels have been used to control the phase and amplitude over the antenna aperture. For simplicity, the array antenna was designed in three metal layers and fabricated by a low cost printed circuit board (PCB) technology as a proof of concept for a modular and scalable <inline formula> <tex math notation="LaTeX"$Ka$ /tex math>/inline formula> band PAA with a wide steering angle. Measured radiation pattern shows a right hand CP (RHCP) pattern with an axial ratio (AR) level 3 dB and low pointing error =1.5deg over a scanning angular range of 0deg to 40deg. Moreover, the amplitude excitation of the CP APAA was tapered exponentially to control and reduce the SLL from 11 to 25 dB in boresight direction. Finally, toward a multibeam array implementation, two RHCP beams have been simultaneously generated at 30deg and +20deg scan angles.

title: Ka Band Microstrip Patch array Antenna for Satellite Communication
abstract: Microstrip patch antennas have been modeled and investigated at Ka Band frequencies, to achieve high gain for satellite communications application. Structures of one, two, three and four elements arrays have been designed, modelled and simulated numerically using MATLAB and CST software at 29 GHz. Different configuration have been tested to find the optimum structure in terms of Gain, input impedance matching, phase matching and spacing between arrays. Various feeding techniques have been tested to find the optimum feed network, which is a combination of series and corporate feed. A gain of 12dB was achieved using the structure of four element arrays with beamwidth of 38 degrees.

title: Effects of Resonance Based Phase Shifters on Ka Band Phased Array Antenna Performance for Satellite Communications
abstract: Phase shifters are the key components of phased array systems which provide a low profile solution for Ka band satellite communications. In the transmitting mode, it is crucial for the phased array antenna system to meet the standard radiation masks, and any imperfections of phase shifters can yield into radiation mask violation. In this paper, we present the analytical approach to model the non linear phase frequency characteristics of Resonance Based phase shifters, which constitute one of the most widely used class of phase shifters for Ka band satellite communications. Furthermore, it has been investigated how the phase frequency response non linearity affects the phased array radiation patterns, gain, and the beam pointing direction. The simulation results show that, depending on the phase shifter phase frequency response profile, the radiation mask satisfaction is an important factor in determining the system bandwidth.