Query: depression trend

title: Monitoring Depression Trend on Twitter during the COVID 19 Pandemic
abstract: The COVID 19 pandemic has severely affected people's daily lives and caused tremendous economic loss worldwide. However, its influence on people's mental health conditions has not received as much attention. To study this subject, we choose social media as our main data resource and create by far the largest English Twitter depression dataset containing 2,575 distinct identified depression users with their past tweets. To examine the effect of depression on people's Twitter language, we train three transformer based depression classification models on the dataset, evaluate their performance with progressively increased training sizes, and compare the model's "tweet chunk" level and user level performances. Furthermore, inspired by psychological studies, we create a fusion classifier that combines deep learning model scores with psychological text features and users' demographic information and investigate these features' relations to depression signals. Finally, we demonstrate our model's capability of monitoring both group level and population level depression trends by presenting two of its applications during the COVID 19 pandemic. We hope this study can raise awareness among researchers and the general public of COVID 19's impact on people's mental health.

title: Changes in rates of recorded depression in English primary care 2003 2013: Time trend analyses of effects of the economic recession, and the GP contract quality outcomes framework (QOF)
abstract: Depression may be increasing, particularly since the economic recession. Introduction of quality outcomes framework (QOF) performance indicators may have altered GP recording of depression.  Time trend analyses of GP recording of depression before and after the recession (from April 2008) and the QOF (from April 2006) were conducted on anonymised consultation data from 142 English practices contributing to the Clinical Practice Research Datalink, April 2003 March 2013.  293,596 patients had computer codes for depressive diagnoses or symptoms in the 10 years. Prevalence of depression codes fell from 44.6 (95% CI 44.2, 45.0) per 1000 person years at risk (PYAR) in 2003/2004 to 38.0 (37.7, 38.3) in 2008/2009, rising to 39.5 (39.2, 39.9) in 2012/2013. Incidence of first ever depression codes fell from 11.9 (95% CI 11.7, 12.1) per 1000 PYAR in 2003/2004 to 9.5 (9.3, 9.7) in 2008/2009, rising to 10.0 (9.8, 10.2) in 2012/1203. Prevalence increased in men but not women following the recession, associated with increased unemployment. Following introduction of the QOF, GPs used more non QOF qualifying symptom or other codes than QOF qualifying diagnostic codes for new episodes.  Clinical data recording is probably incomplete. Participating practices were relatively large and not representative across English regions.  Rates of recorded depression in English general practices were falling prior to the economic recession but increased again subsequently, among men, associated with increased unemployment. GPs responded to the QOF by switching from diagnostic to symptom codes, removing most depressed patients from the denominator for measuring GP performance in assessing depression.

title: Analysis on Influence Factor of Depression Trend Among Aged lnpatients in Chenzhou
abstract: To investigate the influence factor of depression trend among aged inpatients in Chenzhou City.  According to Zung depression self evaluation scalogram as a diagnostic criterion,81 instances marked>=41 were assigned in the interest of depression trend group,and 81 instances marked<41 were assigned as the control group. The self control effect element questionnaire was used in survey,and a case controlled analysis was performed. The factors affected the aged inpatient depression trend element in addition to their somatic disease such as cardiovascular diseases,respiratory diseases,and cancers,there were stresses of the daily living conditions such as bad sleep,economic difficulties,death of relatives,deterioration of health conditions,and also socio psychological factors. For the aged inpatients,in addition to care about their somatic sickness,the negative life stress events and the socio psychological factors all warrant effective care in order to adapt the contemporarily living beings community psychology medical service pattern,and to improve the life quality of the aged.

title: Income related inequalities in the prevalence of depression and suicidal behaviour: a 10 year trend following economic crisis
abstract: The issue of health inequalities has steadily gained attention in South Korea, as income inequality widened and social polarization increased following the country's economic crisis in the late 1990s. While official figures indicate a general trend of worsening mental health, with rapidly rising rates of suicide and depression in particular, the extent of socio economic inequality with respect to mental health problems has not been well elucidated. This study aimed to measure income related inequalities in depression, suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in South Korea and to trace their changes over a 10 year period (1998 2007) The concentration index approach was employed to quantify the degree of income related inequalities, using four waves of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data. The study found persistent pro rich inequality in depression, suicidal ideation and suicide attempts over the past decade (i.e. individuals with higher incomes were less likely to have these conditions) The inequalities actually doubled over this period. These findings imply a need for expanded social protection policies for the less privileged in the population.

title: The prevalence and correlates of depression, anxiety, and stress in a sample of college students.
abstract: Over the past four years, the Franciscan University Counseling Center has reported a 231% increase in yearly visits, as well as a 173% increase in total yearly clients. This trend has been observed at many universities as mental health issues pose significant problems for many college students. The objective of this study was to investigate potential correlates of depression, anxiety, and stress in a sample of college students.  The final analyzed sample consisted of 374 undergraduate students between the ages of 18 and 24 attending Franciscan University, Steubenville, Ohio. Subjects completed a survey consisting of demographic questions, a section instructing participants to rate the level of concern associated with challenges pertinent to daily life (e.g. academics, family, sleep) and the 21 question version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS21)  The results indicated that the top three concerns were academic performance, pressure to succeed, and post graduation plans. Demographically, the most stressed, anxious, and depressed students were transfers, upperclassmen, and those living off campus.  With the propensity for mental health issues to hinder the success of college students, it is vital that colleges continually evaluate the mental health of their students and tailor treatment programs to specifically target their needs.

title: Trends in Alcohol Use among Adolescents from 2000 to 2011: The Role of Socioeconomic Status and Depression
abstract: To assess temporal trends of adolescent alcohol use in Finland from 2000 to 2011, according to socio economic status and depression.  Classroom self administered questionnaires concerning health, health behaviours and school experiences were administered biennially from 2000 2001 to 2010 2011 to nationwide samples of 14 to 16 year olds (n 618,084) Alcohol use was measured as the frequencies of drinking and drunkenness. Socioeconomic status was measured using parental education and unemployment. Depression was measured using a Finnish modification of the Beck Depression Inventory. Cross tabulations and a logistic regression analysis were applied.  Over the study period, rates of frequent drinking and frequent drunkenness decreased among both boys and girls. Low levels of parental education and unemployment as well as adolescent depression increased the likelihoods of frequent drinking and drunkenness. Unlike the general decreasing trend observed for alcohol use, the likelihoods of frequent drinking and drunkenness increased among adolescents who were depressed and had unemployed parents with low levels of education. The prevalence of frequent drunkenness was 75.8% among the boys in this group during 2008 2011, whereas the corresponding prevalence was 2.3% for boys without depression and with highly educated, employed parents. The corresponding figures for girls were 41.7% and 1.4% respectively.  The overall decreasing trend in frequent alcohol use was not observed among socioeconomically deprived adolescents with depression. Thus, alcohol prevention programmes should treat these youth as special targets.

title: Elevated C reactive protein levels, psychological distress, and depression in 73, 131 individuals.
abstract: The pathogenesis of depression is not fully understood, but studies suggest that low grade systemic inflammation contributes to the development of depression.  To test whether elevated plasma levels of C reactive protein (CRP) are associated with psychological distress and depression.  We performed cross sectional and prospective analyses of CRP levels in 4 clinically relevant categories using data from 2 general population studies.  The Copenhagen General Population and the Copenhagen City Heart studies.  We examined 73 131 men and women aged 20 to 100 years.  We ascertained psychological distress with 2 single item self reports and depression using self reported antidepressant use, register based prescription of antidepressants, and register based hospitalization with depression.  In cross sectional analyses, increasing CRP levels were associated with increasing risk for psychological distress and depression (P 3 x 10 8 to P 4 x 10 105 for trend) For self reported use of antidepressants, the odds ratio was 1.38 (95% CI, 1.23 1.55) for CRP levels of 1.01 to 3.00 mg/L, 2.02 (1.77 2.30) for 3.01 to 10.00 mg/L, and 2.70 (2.25 3.25) for greater than 10.00 mg/L compared with 0.01 to 1.00 mg/L. For prescription of antidepressants, the corresponding odds ratios were 1.08 (95% CI, 0.99 1.17) 1.47 (1.33 1.62) and 1.77 (1.52 2.05) respectively; for hospitalization with depression, 1.30 (1.01 1.67) 1.84 (1.39 2.43) and 2.27 (1.54 3.32) respectively. In prospective analyses, increasing CRP levels were also associated with increasing risk for hospitalization with depression (P 4 x 10 8 for trend) CONCLUSIONS Elevated levels of CRP are associated with increased risk for psychological distress and depression in the general population.

title: Inbreeding trend and inbreeding depression in the Danish populations of Texel, Shropshire, and Oxford Down.
abstract: The objective of this study was to analyze the development of inbreeding and estimate inbreeding depression in the Danish populations of 3 major meat type sheep breeds. The pedigrees contained 29,336 Texel, 22,838 Shropshire, and 11,487 Oxford Down. The rate of inbreeding was approximately 1% per generation for all breeds, but the rate of increase in co ancestry was somewhat lower (0.45 to 0.71) indicating that more inbreeding has been accumulating than would be expected if mating was at random. Inbreeding depression for birth weight, ADG from birth until 2 mo, and litter size was estimated for all 3 breeds using a minimum of 15,000 records per trait and breed. All traits showed depression due to inbreeding of the animal itself. For most combinations of trait and breed, there was also a significant reduction of the phenotype due to inbreeding in the dam. The size of inbreeding depression was 1.2 to 2.6% of the mean, resulting in an increase in the inbreeding coefficient of the individual of 0.10, and estimates were similar for similar increases in maternal inbreeding. The rate of inbreeding in these breeds needs to be reduced in the future to avoid a further decline in birth weight, ADG, and litter size.

title: Dose response association of screen time based sedentary behaviour in children and adolescents and depression: a meta analysis of observational studies
abstract: Depression represents a growing public health burden. Understanding how screen time (ST) in juveniles may be associated with risk of depression is critical for the development of prevention and intervention strategies. Findings from studies addressing this question thus far have been inconsistent. Therefore, we conducted a comprehensive systematic review and meta analysis of data related to this question.  The meta analysis was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guideline. We searched the electronic databases of PubMed, Web of Science and EBSCO systematically (up to 6 May 2015) OR was adopted as the pooled measurement of association between ST and depression risk. Dose response was estimated by a generalised least squares trend estimation.  Twelve cross sectional studies and four longitudinal studies (including 1 cohort study) involving a total of 127 714 participants were included. Overall, higher ST in preadolescent children and adolescents was significantly associated with a higher risk of depression (OR=1.12; 95% CI 1.03 to 1.22) Screen type, age, population and reference category acted as significant moderators. Compared with the reference group who had no ST, there was a non linear dose response association of ST with a decreasing risk of depression at ST<2 h/day, with the lowest risk being observed for 1 h/day (OR=0.88; 95% CI 0.84 to 0.93) Conclusions Our meta analysis suggests that ST in children and adolescents is associated with depression risk in a non linear dose response manner.

title: State dependent altered connectivity in late life depression: a functional near infrared spectroscopy study
abstract: There is a large body of evidence showing a substantial relationship between depression and deficits in cognitive functioning. Especially in late life depression, cognitive impairments are associated with worse treatment progress and are considered a risk factor for neurodegenerative disorders. However, little is known about the differences in neural processing and coupling during rest and cognitive functions in patients with late life depression compared to healthy elderly individuals. The study at hand aims to investigate the cognitive control network in late life depression during a cognitive task and at rest by means of functional near infrared spectroscopy. Hemodynamic responses were measured at rest and during the Trail Making Test using functional near infrared spectroscopy in a matched sample of 49 depressed and 51 nondepressed elderly subjects (age range: 51 83 years; 64.1 6.58 [mean standard deviation] Functional connectivity (FC) and network metrics were derived from the data and analyzed with respect to differences between the subject groups. Depressed and nondepressed subjects showed significant differences in FC both at rest and during task performance. Depressed subjects showed reduced FC in a left frontopolar cortical network during task performance and increased FC in a left frontoparietal cortical network at rest. Depressed elderly subjects showed altered FC and network organization during different mental states. Higher FC at rest may be an indicator of self referential processes such as rumination that may reduce FC during task performance due to an overtaxed executive control system.