Query: Child mental health standard measurement

title: Child Mental Health and Educational Attainment: Multiple Observers and the Measurement Error Problem
abstract: We examine the effect of survey measurement error on the empirical relationship between child mental health and personal and family characteristics, and between child mental health and educational progress. Our contribution is to use unique UK survey data that contains (potentially biased) assessments of each child's mental state from three observers (parent, teacher and child) together with expert (quasi diagnoses, using an assumption of optimal diagnostic behaviour to adjust for reporting bias. We use three alternative restrictions to identify the effect of mental disorders on educational progress. Maternal education and mental health, family income, and major adverse life events, are all significant in explaining child mental health, and child mental health is found to have a large influence on educational progress. Our preferred estimate is that a 1 standard deviation reduction in 'true' latent child mental health leads to a 2 5 months loss in educational progress. We also and a strong tendency for observers to understate the problems of older children and adolescents compared to expert diagnosis.

title: Child mental health and educational attainment: multiple observers and the measurement error problem
abstract: We examine the effect of survey measurement error on the empirical relationship between child mental health and personal and family characteristics, and between child mental health and educational progress. Our contribution is to use unique UK survey data that contains (potentially biased) assessments of each child's mental state from three observers (parent, teacher and child) together with expert (quasi )diagnoses, using an assumption of optimal diagnostic behaviour to adjust for reporting bias. We use three alternative restrictions to identify the effect of mental disorders on educational progress. Maternal education and mental health, family income, and major adverse life events, are all significant in explaining child mental health, and child mental health is found to have a large influence on educational progress. Our preferred estimate is that a 1 standard deviation reduction in 'true' latent child mental health leads to a 2 5 months loss in educational progress. We also find a strong tendency for observers to understate the problems of older children and adolescents compared to expert diagnosis.

title: Impact of Body Mass Index and Age on Mental Health of Adolescents Girls
abstract: Adolescent girls in India may face poor nutritional status due to low access to healthy food and high mental health symptoms attributed to high stress. Total 72% of infants and 52% of married women have anaemia. Researches indicated that malnutrition during pregnancy causes the child to have increased risk of physical retardation and reduce cognitive abilities. The objective of the present study was to investigate the impact of body mass index and age on mental health of adolescent girls. 1000 adolescent girls were selected through stratified random sampling technique from different government school of Raipur, India. Mental health was measured by Mental Health Battery. Anthropometric measurement and age was collected by the standard procedure. Multivariate analysis of variance and post Hoch test were employed to analyze the data. Results revealed that adolescent girls significantly differ in emotional stability, overall adjustment, autonomy, security insecurity, intelligence and over all mental health with increasing age. Post Hoch test showed that adolescent girls with low body mass index differ significantly on overall adjustment and self concept dimension of mental health in comparison to adolescent girls with normal BMI. It is concluded from the study that adolescent girls of early years (12 14) must be given environment to develop Emotional Stability, Autonomy, Security Insecurity and Intelligence. Proper nutrition is needed to improve self concept and over all adjustment. Findings of the study draws attention to create awareness related to mental health and nutrition.

title: CAMHS Information Project: a resource kit for outcomes measurement in Kent Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services
abstract: The CAMHS Information Project (CIP) was commissioned as a county wide response to the call for implementation of routine outcomes measurement (ROM) as indicated in both national and local level policies (Every Child Matters, 2004; National Standards Framework: Standard 9, 2004; CAMHS Commissioning Strategy for Kent, 2007; Kent Children and Young People's Plan, 2008 2011) The aims of the CIP were to implement systems of ROM across Tier 2 and 3 CAMH services in Kent; and in doing so, promote a culture of learning and advancement through the proactive use of outcomes tools, and monitor, evaluate and ensure continual high quality service provision to children, young people and families living in the county. Furthermore, as ROM is considered an essential aspect of commissioning arrangements needed for service improvement, its implementation indicates a further example of good practice across the county's CAMH services. The CIP was therefore intended as more than a performance management measure, and instead was to make a strategic contribution to CAMH service development with improved outcomes for service users.

title: Innovations in Practice: Piloting electronic session by session monitoring in Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services: a preliminary study.
abstract: Recent UK initiatives have advocated the use of session by session outcome measurement in CAMHS. However, little is known about the feasibility of this approach.  The PROMPT study (Patient Reported Outcome Monitoring Progress Tracker) piloted an iPad administered brief session by session measure (S x S) related to the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire impact supplement in three CAMHS teams. We report adherence to electronic S x S monitoring and a preliminary analysis of sensitivity to change.  Adherence to S x S was 57% which is higher than the completion rates for the standard set of outcome measures usually completed by clinicians and young people. S x S showed some sensitivity to change.  Session by session monitoring in CAMHS is worthy of further pursuit.

title: Measurement Invariance and Informant Discrepancies of the KIDSCREEN 27 in Children with Mental Disorder
abstract: Study objectives were to examine measurement invariance of the KIDSCREEN 27 between children with mental disorder and their parents; compare health related quality of life (HRQL) scores to identify potential domain discrepancies; and, identify mental disorders associated with informant discrepancies. Participants consisted of parents with children who were currently receiving mental health services and screened positive for mental disorder according to the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview n 92) Measurement invariance was investigated using multiple group confirmatory factor analysis using maximum likelihood estimation with robust standard errors. Multiple regression was used to identify child mental disorders associated with informant discrepancies, adjusting for relevant child and parent characteristics. Partial invariance was obtained for all domains on the KIDSCREEN 27 with the exception of Physical Well being for which full invariance was obtained. Parents reported lower KIDSCREEN 27 scores compared to children with significant differences for Psychological Well being [d 1.98 (1.62, 2.33) and Social Support and Peers [d 0.41 (0.11, 0.70) For children with oppositional defiant or conduct disorder who report low HRQL, parents underestimate Psychological Well being scores (B 1.29, p 0.001; B 1.00, p 0.01) and for children with major depressive episode, parents underestimate Social Support and Peers scores (B 0.57, p 0.05) Findings suggest that the KIDSCREEN 27 is a valid measure of HRQL in children with mental disorder. Externalizing behaviors exhibited by children with oppositional defiant and conduct disorder may prevent parents from recognizing compromises in their psychological well being. Health professionals should be cognizant that these clinical profiles may predispose informant discrepancies when assessing HRQL in children.

title: International consensus on a standard set of outcome measures for child and youth anxiety, depression, obsessive compulsive disorder, and post traumatic stress disorder.
abstract: A major barrier to improving care effectiveness for mental health is a lack of consensus on outcomes measurement. The International Consortium for Health Outcomes Measurement (ICHOM) has already developed a consensus based standard set of outcomes for anxiety and depression in adults (including the Patient Health Questionnaire 9, the Generalised Anxiety Disorder 7 item Scale, and the WHO Disability Schedule) This Position Paper reports on recommendations specifically for anxiety, depression, obsessive compulsive disorder, and post traumatic stress disorder in children and young people aged between 6 and 24 years. An international ICHOM working group of 27 clinical, research, and lived experience experts formed a consensus through teleconferences, an exercise using an adapted Delphi technique (a method for reaching group consensus) and iterative anonymous voting, supported by sequential research inputs. A systematic scoping review identified 70 possible outcomes and 107 relevant measurement instruments. Measures were appraised for their feasibility in routine practice (ie, brevity, free availability, validation in children and young people, and language translation) and psychometric performance (ie, validity, reliability, and sensitivity to change) The final standard set recommends tracking symptoms, suicidal thoughts and behaviour, and functioning as a minimum through seven primarily patient reported outcome measures: the Revised Children's Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Obsessive Compulsive Inventory for Children, the Children's Revised Impact of Events Scale, the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale, the KIDSCREEN 10, the Children's Global Assessment Scale, and the Child Anxiety Life Interference Scale. The set's recommendations were validated through a feedback survey involving 487 participants across 45 countries. The set should be used alongside the anxiety and depression standard set for adults with clinicians selecting age appropriate measures.

title: Measurement of risk for mental disorders and competence in a psychiatric epidemiologic community survey: the National Institute of Mental Health Methods for the Epidemiology of Child and Adolescent Mental Disorders (MECA) study
abstract: This paper describes the implementation of the National Institute of Mental Health Methods for the Epidemiology of Child and Adolescent Mental Disorders (MECA) study's goals of measuring risk factors and competence. The emphasis is on the development and testing of the measures. Relevant constructs for measurement of risk and competence in relation to psychopathology were selected and pilot tested prior to the field trials. A structured interview was developed and field tested using lay interviewers. Using the full sample from the field trials (n 1285 caretaker youth pairs) sample means, standard deviations, internal consistencies, parent youth agreement, and associations with childhood disorder were computed. Descriptive statistics reveal a range of scores and means consistent with norming samples, when available. Internal consistencies were moderate to high. Parent youth agreement on factual items was excellent and on scales was consistent with the literature. Several strong associations were found between risk factors and disorder, although most were related to disorder in general and not specific to a diagnostic category. This instrument provides a means of obtaining data that will be useful to researchers conducting epidemiologic and clinical studies designed to contribute to the understanding of mental disorders in children and adolescents, including nosology, risk factors, context, adaptive functioning, and treatment.

title: Use and abuse of mental health experts in child custody determinations
abstract: Changes in standards for child custody determinations have resulted in an increased demand for mental health professionals to serve as expert witnesses. However, the entry of mental health professionals into custody disputes has been met with harsh criticism of the value of their contributions. Critics have generally pointed to the absence of substantive requirements for who may serve as an expert mental health witness, the ambiguities inherent in the best interests standard, the weak scientific basis for psychology and psychiatry, and the questionable measurement techniques employed by mental health professionals as reasons for increased regulation of forensic mental health services. This article critically reviews these concerns and proposes a regulatory model that addresses the salient issues.

title: Research on the Measurement of Public Health Service Manpower Costs of Chongqing
abstract: To research on the costs of the time that public health service workers often spend in finishing a standard flow.  Random sampling was used to choose a certain amount of participants from two community sanitary service centers, two township health centers and one maternity and child health care hospital located at Jiulongpo district, Chongqing. Service standard operating procedures were used to measure the manpower cost of each public health service( health record of the urban and rural residents,health education,vaccination,health management of children under 6 years old,the pregnant women including neonatel visiting,the elderly,the disabled,the patients with high blood pressure,the patients with type II diabetes mellitus and severely stricken mental patients,report and processing about infectious diseases and public health emergency,cooperation with hygiene supervision,premarital examination,physical check up of childbearing women above 35 and AIDS management and diagnosis)  The research showed that residents per 10 thousand only needed 8. 4 general practitioners( GP) on average for 12 kinds of public health services directed at the important population in the Jiulongpo dis trict. According to the performance evaluation indicators of basic public health service package of Jiulongpo,the number was 799 GP. According to the performance evaluation indicators of basic public health service package of Chongqing,the number was 459 GP. Completing the whole covered service project of Jiulongpo,83 GP were needed,that was 0. 76 GP per 10 thousand residents. Completing 16 items of basic public health services needs 9 GP per 10 thousand residents. The research results showed that the number of GP needed: 911 for the important population,83 for the whole population and 994 while offering the 16 kinds of public health services. According to the proportion of each type of population in the whole,the proportions of the number of GP needed in each service were: 40( files),23( high blood pressure),9( diabetes),10( the elderly),1( the disabled),1( mental patients),1( children vaccination),1( premarital examination),2( children health care),7( childbearing women above 35) and 2( pregnant women) The proportion of the number of GP for the important population and the whole population was 10: 1.  The medical staff number can not meet the needs of the basic public health service project of Jiulongpo. So the administrative department of public health needs to increase the staffing number,in order to guarantee the basic public health services.