Query: idiomatic transfer

title: Idiomatic Language Translation and Transfer Learning
abstract: Current translation models fall short for a number of translation patterns. One such example is idioms, and in this project we hope to provide better translation of idiomatic expressions within languages by improving upon an implementation of a Neural Machine Translation (NMT) model. We aim to do so by altering the attention mechanism and testing different loss functions in our architecture. Additionally, since state of the art machine translation models take long amounts of time to train, we explore transfer learning as a method to reduce total training time between languages. Specifically, we first train a NMT between English and the Latin script Transliteration of Greek and use this NMT to initialize our parameters on a translation model between English and Greek. We find that the Dual Skew Divergence Loss allows helps in improving the translation accuracy of idiomatic expressions while our transfer learning architecture lead to similar BLEU scores yet took about half the amount of training time compared to a regular English Greek NMT model.

title: Analysis of Indonesian Students' Language Transfer of English Idiomatic Sentences
abstract: The complexity of transferring language might mislead students as translators to mistranslate texts due to errors. Errors can be in the form of a message (meaning) or language, which also consists of grammar and lexicon. Transferring language also needs consideration of equivalent language transfer from the source language (SL) to the target language (TL) The present research identifies the error types, the source of errors, and the types of idiomatic translation that were done by English Department students of University of Islam Malang. The subjects of the research were 77 of the fifth semester students who took Translation course. The core data of this research were the students' translation works from English to bahasa Indonesia and unstructured interviews. This study employed a descriptive qualitative design. The data of the research were obtained from the result of the students' translation during the course. The data obtained also showed that more students commit errors on language than errors on message. The errors of language exist in the form of lexical aspect; they are conjunction, verb, and noun. In addition, the source of errors tends to happen because of the interlingual factors than the intralingual factors. The idiomatic transfer from the source language to the target language was done by shifting the meaning of idiom, instead of through word to word translation.

title: The principle and effect of redundancy in the retention and transfer of idiomatic expressions in english as a foreign language
abstract: The principle and effect of redundancy seem to hinder learning in several domains. In this paper we report on a study that intended to find out whether such redundancy has also negative effects on the learning of idiomatic expressions in English as a Foreign Language. The subjects were two groups of college students exposed to two kinds of multimodal presentations: one group to on screen text, narration and static images and the other to on screen text and narration. According to the redundancy principle, the former presentation contains a redundant element that would lead to cognitive overload. Although results show no major differences between the two groups concerning retention, in transfer differences were found that may be attributed to the semantic features of the vocabulary presented.  04 17 12 Reviewed: 08  08  03 19 13 How to reference this article: Farias, M. Obilinovic, K. Orrego, R. (2013) El principio y efecto de redundancia en la retencion y transferencia de expresiones idiomaticas en ingles como lengua extranjera. Ikala, revista de lenguaje y cultura, 18(1) 13 21.

title: Indonesian English Translation of Idiomatic Noun Phrases:
abstract: Idiomatic noun phrases become interesting to be discussed since the occurrence of the phrase's elements has an implicit meaning that should be understood by the speaker of the language. In order to transfer the meaning of the Indonesian idiomatic noun phrase into English, the translator should be able to transfer the meaning or message of every single word or the combination of words in the phrase from the source language into the target language. Related to the phenomena, the current research was conducted. It was a descriptive qualitative study. The data were taken from an Indonesian novel entitled "Bumi Manusia" by Pramoedya Ananta Toer, and its translation product in English by Max Lane entitled "This Earth of Mankind" In analyzing the translation techniques used in the translation of Indonesian idiomatic noun phrases, the authors used the theory proposed by Molina and Albir (2002) From the analysis, it can be concluded that the techniques used in the translation of Indonesian idiomatic noun phrases into English found in the data source are adaptation, transposition, establish equivalence, generalization, description, literal and amplification. In the translation result, we can see that the translator tried to transfer the equivalent implicit meaning of idiomatic noun phrases into target language text and to make the target text can be easily understood by the target reader.

title: The Idiomatic Competence of Jordanian EFL Undergraduate Students: a Contrastive Pedagogical Study
abstract: The present study aimed at investigating the idiomatic competence in English and Arabic that the Jordanian EFL undergraduate students possess. To achieve this, the researcher conducted a Completion Discourse Test (DCT) on 125 students majoring Applied English in the Department of English in the University of Jordan during the academic year (2017 2018) The findings revealed that the Jordanian EFL undergraduate students have a low intermediate competence in understanding the idioms in both languages and in using the Arabic idioms. They, however, showed low level in the use of English idioms. Moreover, the factors of transparency, equivalence, high exposure to English, the common use of some expressions and contextualization were found to have a role in facilitating the students' idiom understanding. Nevertheless, studying the idioms included in the textbooks did not show a better idiomatic competence than those who did not, The negative transfer had a great impact on distracting students and The students had insufficient knowledge of the English pragmatics and semantics.

title: From Solving a Problem Boldly to Cutting the Gordian Knot: Idiomatic Text Generation
abstract: We study a new application for text generation idiomatic sentence generation which aims to transfer literal phrases in sentences into their idiomatic counterparts. Inspired by psycholinguistic theories of idiom use in one's native language, we propose a novel approach for this task, which retrieves the appropriate idiom for a given literal sentence, extracts the span of the sentence to be replaced by the idiom, and generates the idiomatic sentence by using a neural model to combine the retrieved idiom and the remainder of the sentence. Experiments on a novel dataset created for this task show that our model is able to effectively transfer literal sentences into idiomatic ones. Furthermore, automatic and human evaluations show that for this task, the proposed model outperforms a series of competitive baseline models for text generation.

title: MODULATION IN ENGLISH INDONESIAN TRANSLATION OF IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS IN MOBILE LEGEND:BANG BANG
abstract: Translation is a complicated issue that needs comprehensive skill to transfer other culture which is a written form, modulation sometimes occurs in translating a text from the source text to target text. The main purpose of the study was to analyze the variations of modulation occurred in Mobile Legend: Bang Bang; they were abstract for concrete, negation of opposite, part another part, reversal of term, active for passive, space for time, explicative modulation, interval and limit, and change of symbols. The game was a written document I used to be my data. This final project belongs to qualitative descriptive research. The data are analyzed descriptively without involving numbers for counting or measuring. The data would be analyzed to find the variations of modulation and I classified them into groups; abstract for concrete, explicative modulation, reversal of term, active for passive, negation of opposite, space for time, interval of limits, and change of symbol. The data could be words, phrases, and sentences. As conclusion, the translator tries to find the closest natural meaning in target language but not swerve too far from the original text. I realize that this study is far from perfect. Nevertheless, hopefully, the results of this study will give a contribution to the translation study. Besides, it can also help the students who are interested in learning English especially about translation that needs carefulness.

title: IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS: "MUCH ADO ABOUT NOTHING" OR A REAL CHALLENGE FOR TRANSLATORS
abstract: Rendering idiomatic expressions from SL into TL is one of the most challenging tasks in the translation process. Identifying, correctly interpreting and finding a proper translation equivalent for idioms often become a major obstacle for translators. Idiomatic expressions are language and culture bound and their proper transfer from ST to TLrequires an excellent command of both mother tongue and foreign language as well as of SL and TL culture. The paper aims to investigate the process of translating idioms from English into Macedonian. The goal is to ascertain what strategies are employed in translating idioms (e.g. idioms with the same form and meaning; idioms with the same meaning but different form; literal translation of idioms; omission of idioms, etc. For the purposes of this research, the paper offers an analysis of a random selection of idiomatic expressions used in Shakespeare's romantic comedy, "Much Ado About Nothing" and their translation equivalents in the Macedonian translation of the play, "Od vlakno ortoma" by Dragi Mihajlovski. The research unequivocally points to one strategy being clearly predominant translating an idiom from SL with an idiom with similar meaning but different form from TL. The research further reveals that in the effort to preserve the same aesthetic effects in the target text, and depending on the context, the translator, in fact, employs a variety of translation strategies. At points the translator even introduces idioms where there are no such expressions in the original.

title: Integrating Smart Objects into Self Guided Exhibitions: Challenges of Supporting Self Guided Exhibitions through Non idiomatic Technologies
abstract: This position paper presents key challenges that have been identified in the early stages of designing interactive digital, self guided, exhibition sites through the use of low cost context aware technologies. The next wave of smart technologies, such as context aware objects and devices, enable new opportunities for facilitating self guided exhibitions through digital experience layers. However, these technologies often fail to gain traction when the user does not understand how to operate or interact with these systems, due to new or unfamiliar interaction modes. The purpose of this paper is to present work in progress of implementing two app prototypes: 1) a mixed reality game for smartphones and 2) a digital guide, that uses Bluetooth beacons at a fully automated exhibition in Northern Denmark. Two of key challenges that this research projects revolves around is how to on board new users and how to transfer experiential knowledge from other systems that the user is familiar with to a system that is unknown to the user. Through an iterative design process, two prototypes are being developed to investigate these challenges.

title: Iphras as an E Learning Platform for Idiomatic Competence.
abstract: The integration of E learning has expanded in a variety of directions to a degree that its successful application is of great importance to all sectors of education and training. E learning can offer unquestionable advantages to everyone involved in both the assessment and the knowledge transfer process (Owens and Floyd 2007; Luchoomun, McLuckie and van Wesel 2010; Damyanov and Tsankov 2016) Some of the challenges of e learning methods rest in choosing the right platform, and in determining the scope of the selected material as well as the adequacy of its user friendly methodology. Among the features of e learning platforms that are applicable to a wider audience is the criterion of multi language application. As regards E learning in foreign language education, there are three pragmatic and cultural aspects which are often omitted from the e learning system: 1) the transfer of idiomatic competence; 2) the acquisition of cultural concepts; and 3) the inclusion of small and endangered languages. This is not the case with the elaboration of the e learning platform IPHRAS Interphraseologie fur Studien und Berufsmobile. The proposed paper presents its main achievements and focuses on the methodology for foreign language learning in a multilingual electronic environment. The process is facilitated by the incorporation of thematically structured multiword units (idioms and collocations) Its priority is easy access to a variety of languages, including Greek, Turkish, Romanian, Bulgarian, through more popular languages such as English and German. The degree of translation equivalence of its elements facilitates not only multilingualism, but also the initial phase of mastering the vocabulary of additional languages. The IPHRAS platform was elaborated by an international team of Balkan researchers and language instructors and funded by the European Commission within the Lifelong learning program.