Query: interpsychic and intrapsychic

title: Countertransference: A contemporary metapsychological view on its intrapsychic, interpsychic, intersubjective, and objective aspects
abstract: In her contribution, the author first deals with the general characteristics of the countertransference process and then sets forth her metapsychological hypotheses, which aim to describe the different psychic stages and movements in the analyst's mind during such process. This exploration intends to encompass its intrapsychic, interpsychic, intersubjective, and objective aspects. Her proposal aims to fulfill a twofold purpose. First is to place the countertransference process as a sort of theoretical technical "hinge" between Freud's lines of thought imbued with the features of the modern age, and those trends influenced by postmodern ideas that put forward the opposition between the analyst's "objectivity" and his "subjectivity," casting doubt on any possibility of being objective in our clinical practice. Her second aim is to appeal to the "witch metapsychology" and go deeper into the understanding and description of the constituent psychical movements of the process mentioned. In this case, countertransference is also suggested as a theoretical clinical "hinge" that may help to overcome the "intrapsychic intersubjective" opposition, based on the assumption of the predominance of one or another of these approaches during the course of an analytic therapy. This contribution attempts to add to those theoretical comprehensive trends that go beyond certain extremely confrontational positions that frequently arise in contemporary psychoanalytic discussions.

title: 5 Nonverbal factors in the interpsychic to intrapsychic internalization of objects
abstract: As is well known, Vygotsky (1962, 1978,1981) argued that new achievements appear in children's mental (or cultural) development twice: first mterpsychically, as part of the social interaction of the child with adults or older children, later /nfrapsychically, as part of the child's own internal mental operations. In this way, the child is presented with and finally internalizes cultural knowledge, and this knowledge becomes part of the child's own way of thinking. It is the hypothesis of this paper that the adult's gestures during social interactions with children are an essential part of the communication and thus of the guidance that adults provide, and that the child's gestures are a crucial source of feedback for the adult. Depending on the gestural component, completely different communicative situations can develop, success or failure can occur, and the child's willingness to learn may be strengthened or weakened. All of these processes can be observed going on during adult child interactions. Adult's gestures embody and thus display a host of assumptions about both the social and physical world how complexity in objects "naturally" breaks apart, what is a "natural" chunk of information (such that it is believed to be processible by the child) what an "action" is and what types there are, what counts as "attention" and "understanding," and what one's approach to objects ought to be, and thus what their meaning is. Adult's assumptions in these spheres are made manifest unwittingly in the gestures and other nonverbal behavior directed to children. The child's gestures also are crucial because these gestures trace for the adult the process of the child's internalization from the interpsychic to the intrapsychic and can reveal to the adult the child's current zones of proximal development the areas of development that are just opening up to the child and are particularly ready to show learning. Mothers act very differently when they demonstrate to their children toys the operation of which they believe are within the child's capacity, and those that they think are beyond the child. Thus the object is presented, not just as an object,

title: Intrapsychic Interpsychic
abstract: The 'interpsychic' is an extended psychic dimension, regarding the joint functioning and reciprocal influences of two minds. The concepts of 'subjectivity' and 'person' can be included in the 'interpsychic' They can also overlap with each other, and sometimes all three can overlap together, but they do not necessarily coincide. In the different contemporary perspectives, how can we modify the intrapsychic 'through' (and 'with' and 'by' the interpsychic? Presenting four clinical vignettes, the author progressively moves from the theoretical positions that emphasise the exploration and the elaboration of the intrapsychic mainly through the intrapsychic, to the positions that emphasise the same operations mainly through the interpsychic. The last part of the paper deals with the technical use of the interpsychic dimension: the analytic dialogue, when interpsychically experienced (from inside) gains a new, more specific effectiveness, first in containing and then in symbolising. In an intense mental 'cohabitation' inside the analytic working pair, it is very often clearly experienced as 'true' (as in dreams)

title: Sociocultural approaches to language and literacy: Nonverbal factors in the interpsychic to intrapsychic internalization of objects

title: Secret Passages: The Theory and Technique of Interpsychic Relations
abstract: Three Prefaces to the Discussion. Freud's "Objects" Plurality and Complexity in the Internal World and in the Analyst's Working Self. Proposal for an Alternative Review of Therapeutic Factors: In the Margins of Gabbard and Westen's "Rethinking Therapeutic Action" Speaking of Things, Speaking of Words. Part II: Interpsychic Passages. The Intrapsychic and the Interpsychic. "Interpret Action" My Dog Doesn't Know Descartes: The Disenchanted Analysis of the "Interpsychic" Man dog. The Psychosexuality of Mucous Membranes: Inter body and Interpsychic. The Complex Nature of Psychoanalytic Empathy: A Theoretical and Clinical Exploration. The Glass Half Empty or Half Full: Dream Work and Oneiric Working Through. Part III: From the Transpsychic to the Interpsychic.  The Courage to Be Afraid. Trust in One's Self: Pseudomaturity and Disarticulation Between Ego and Self in Panic Attacks.

title: Narrative Therapy: A Return to the Intrapsychic Perspective?
abstract: In investigating narrative therapy, a development within the field of family therapy, it was found that this approach, which is informed by postmodernism, places a strong emphasis on the interpretation of the individual's subjective experience. This emphasis is consistent with an intrapsychic perspective an earlier development in clinical psychology and psychotherapy that is distinct from the subsequent interpsychic perspective adopted by general system theory. Furthermore, narrative therapy bears some resemblance to a number of former developments within the intrapsychic tradition. Thus, it appears that narrative therapy involves a return to the intrapsychic perspective. It is suggested that distinguishing between the intrapsychic and interpsychic frames of reference may help therapists in the field of family therapy, whether their choice of metaphor is narrative or otherwise, to observe and describe with even greater acuity.

title: Narrative Therapy: A Return to the Intrapsychic Perspective?
abstract: In investigating narrative therapy, a development within the field of family therapy, it was found that this approach, which is informed by postmodernism, places a strong emphasis on the interpretation of the individual's subjective experience. This emphasis is consistent with an intrapsychic perspective an earlier development in clinical psychology and psychotherapy that is distinct from the subsequent interpsychic perspective adopted by general system theory (GST) Furthermore, narrative therapy bears some resemblance to a number of former developments within the intrapsychic tradition. Thus it appears that narrative therapy involves a return to the intrapsychic perspective. It is suggested that distinguishing between the intrapsychic and interpsychic frames of reference may help therapists in the field of family therapy, whether their choice of metaphor is narrative or otherwise, to observe and describe with even greater acuity.

title: Toward an Integrative Approach: Refiguring Essential Developments in Family Therapy
abstract: It is highlighted that the application of general system theory (GST) including the developments from the intrapsychic to interpsychic and the lineal to nonlineal perspective to the family, consolidated the field of family therapy, itself. A limitation, however, was the excessive emphasis on the system as self regulating; this emphasis also obscuring a sine qua non of this approach, namely, observation of interaction. Accordingly, it is recommended that an earlier name one accentuating interaction and circumventing emphasis on self regulation the "interactional" approach, be retained as a more suitable designation of this approach. This development was followed by narrative therapy. In applying the narrative metaphor, though, narrative therapy incurs an error of logical typing by confusing: (a) the observer's frame of reference (i.e. observing is subjective) with (b) inferences about another's frame of reference (i.e. the intrapsychic perspective) This, with an unsubstantiated claim that the narrative metaphor is preferable to the system one, resulted in the developments of the intrapsychic to interpsychic perspective and the interactional approach being unnecessarily discarded. The interactional approach thus serves an extraordinary development; observing psychopathology as a communicational or interactional difficulty. Returning to narrative therapy, its emphasis as an application of postmodernism on the frame of reference constitutes an extremely significant contribution. Furthermore, its attention to meaning and interpretation reemphasizes the significance of the intrapsychic perspective. Also, narrative therapy's sensitivity to the client represents a profound reemphasis of the significance of a humanistic, person centered approach. Having refigured these developments, the paper concludes with reflections about a truly integrative approach.

title: Identificazioni alienanti e radicalismo religioso
abstract: The author (D. Hirsch) tackles the intrapsychic and interpsychic mechanisms that alienate the unconscious ego in the phenomenon of radical religious terrorism. Individual and collective psychology necessarily interweave, as is the case in any murderous process of a totalitarian nature. Three complementary levels of alienation and "hijacking" of the unconscious ego are outlined: a regression of the alienated ego towards an ideal ego vampirised by a religious idol; a melancholic identification to the fallen father and a cruel "terrorist" superego leading to "suicide attack" a community of denial and splitting that sanctions that murderous pact and accounts for the contagion of radicalisation among adolescents and young adults. Taking into account the drastic defences implemented by adolescents in the throes of identity aimlessness, the author then opens up a debate on the fundamental origin of any radical terrorist violence. It might be located at the crossroads of a desperate attempt to prove the survival of the object in the face of extreme destructiveness and the expression of a defused death masochism. Fundamentalist religious terrorism could therefore be a contemporary figure of the death drive. Identity religious terrorism is also underlain by forms of subjective alienation and discontent in contemporary Western civilisation. This highly contagious phenomenon questions us on the possible melancholization of our hypermodern and neoliberal societies.  religious terrorism, adolescence, alienating identifications, ideology, ideal ego, melancholic superego, community of denial, survival of the object, destructiveness, death masochism, civilisation and its discontent

title: Integrativnyi podkhod kak psikhologicheskoe osnovanie issledovaniia sotsioprirodnogo vzaimodeistviia
abstract: The paper discusses the application of the integrative approach in the study of the psychological mechanisms of social ecological interaction. We suggest that defining the principle of interaction between man and nature is important, as this provides the opportunity for scientific substantiation for the processes of subjectifying natural objects. The result of the process is the invocation of more subtle mechanisms of perception revealing the response of the natural world that was poorly accentuated at the time of interaction or unrecognised due to the unpreparedness of the subject of perception. The integrative approach is considered as a concept that includes both intrapsychic integration, which involves a deep connection of mental functions and formations, and interpsychic integration, which allows us to reveal the relationship between man and the living environment, including its natural component. We assume that in order to discover himself as a natural being, an individual has to assess and correctly identify the boundaries of interaction between the individual and the natural being. In this process, the role of using nature as a tool for reflection on various characteristics of the subject's activity and for building intrapsychic and interpsychic connections and relationships is emphasized. The natural environment in the representation of man is a set of different natural objects and their connections and relationships that have developed as a result of long term evolution. The uncertainty, complexity, diversity and dynamics of these relationships are the obstacles in the way of building a systematic representation of the world. Thus an individual needs to create specific tools to facilitate psychophysical interaction with nature, in which every step forward, carried out with the help of engineering devices, requires a deep understanding of the consequences both for the individual, and the surrounding natural objects. Objectification of the environment and selection of useful properties of natural objects in the process of learning are generally limited by the accompanying adverse effects, and therefore may be accompanied by moral prohibitions. In this aspect, the integrative approach can be effective for the analysis of approaches to the unification of the natural sphere, the psychosphere and the technosphere. The paper attempts to demonstrate the productivity of the functional analysis of the interaction process between man and nature on the grounds of implicitness (the focus on intrapsychic education) and explicitness (the focus on the identification of mental properties of an individual and the creative transformation of the living environment) revealing psychological mechanisms linking and supporting the unity of man and nature.