Query: malaysian garden

title: Understanding and Interpreting the Concept of Malaysian Garden Design: Experts Conferring
abstract: This paper sets out to define and describe the definition of the concept of the Malaysian Garden by referring to the landscape and garden experts in Malaysia. It will focus on the expert's understanding, knowledge and experience about this concept. Researchers used qualitative research methods that involved semi structured in depth interviews and observations. The respondents for this study are Malaysian Garden concept experts who have been certified by the National Landscape Department (NLD) of Malaysia, referring to the books published by them in 2009. At present, it is difficult to obtain a strong and firm Malaysian Garden concept definition. As a result of this study, all these experts provide different definitions. It is due to a different profession and work experience factors. In this study, the researchers have also gained their insights on the method of branding the concept, aiming to introduce it to local and global communities. Through this research, it helps the responsible party in creating this concept to understand better and be sensitive to the subject. However, further research should be carried out to enable the concept that has been created to satisfy all stakeholders. The study has stated an argument, why the Malaysian Garden concept is still not going to its branding. If it has been introduced to the public, we need to know how to uphold it as a national identity. This research paper will attract attention from stakeholders in Malaysia, industry players, academics and landscape architecture students.

title: Implementing the Malaysian Heritage Garden as the Identity for National Landscape: Case Study in Putrajaya
abstract: Nowadays, there are plentiful open parks operated for relaxation and entertainment in Malaysia. Putrajaya is one of the cities which have many public parks around. The aim of this study was to acquire the opinions of users regarding the needs of establishing "the Malaysian heritage garden concept" today. The main objective is to distinguish the factors that caused the implementation difficulties, and the initiatives that have been made to introduce this concept. Site observation and interview methods are used for collecting data. Respondents were selected using the simple random sampling technique among users of the public parks in Putrajaya and the experts of Malaysian Garden concept. The results revealed that the entire park design does not highlight the elements of the Malaysian Garden concept (the Malay Garden criteria's) From the information gathered can be presumed that Putrajaya is yet not prepared to highlight the traditional elements in landscape design. Although, Putrajaya is the federal administrative center of the country, but still not able to accentuate the national identity.

title: A Comparative Study of the Malaysian Garden Concept (MGC) Criteria Application on the Public Parks
abstract: Today there are public parks that are named with the Malaysian Garden. Researchers need to determine whether the design of the public parks is following the MGC guidelines provided by the National Landscape Department. Public parks that use the name of the Malaysian Garden "Taman Malaysia" will be an example of MGC gardens. The main objective of this study is to find out the level of use of MGC criteria in public parks that have used the Malaysian Garden as its name. In this paper, researchers have used qualitative methods, namely, observation and interview experts. The results of the study found that the application of MGC criteria is placed in the weak category. However, three main factors are the cause of non compliance with the MGC criteria. Furthermore, this study has explained to us the criteria that underlie the design of the MGC.

title: "The Malay Garden" is "The Malaysian Garden (MGC)" The Reality and Challenges of Establishing a National Identity
abstract: The Malaysian Garden Concept (MGC) is an initiative by the National Landscape Department (NLD) to develop a garden concept that will one day achieve its fame, as the garden concepts are well known today. A comparative study was to determine the level of MGC criteria applies to public parks built by the NLD. The selected case studies were from a public park built after the MGC guidelines established in 2009 (n 6) 5 MGC experts were interviewed in this study to confirm the issues raised. For the record, planning to create these guidelines took a long time and involved various parties associated with the profession of Landscape Architect. The methodology of the study using observation and interview techniques (selected through criterion sampling method) From the research conducted, researchers have found that the level of compliance with the MGC guidelines is worrisome, and possibly no effort to uphold this concept by the responsible party. There are 3 criteria that hard to be implemented by most of these public parks are Architectural structure local elements; Culture Heritage; and High Intrinsic Value. This research has shown that it is not easy to apply a "heritage culture" principles in landscape design, especially to a multiracial and multicultural country like Malaysia.  Garden Concept, Public Park, Taman Malaysia, Heritage Design, Sense of Place.

title: Han Chinese racism and Malaysian contexts: cosmopolitan racial formations in Tan Twan Eng's The Garden of Evening Mists
abstract: This essay explores what it means to theorize Han racism in Malaysian contexts, where ethnic Chinese constitute a minority. Given the history of Malay political dominance and recent intensification of Malay Muslim ethno nationalism as part of a backlash against the historic change of government in 2018, theorizing Han racism might seem like a move to downplay these factors and minimize the various forms of racialized violence directed at Chinese identified bodies. To the contrary, I show that doing so involves tracking the transnational process of racial production, which requires understanding how racist and capitalist modes of hierarchy operate in tandem, and how racial discourses are used by the state to manage domestic political exigencies and global economic forces to facilitate ongoing capitalist accumulation. I then turn to consider the arena of world Anglophone literature, which has emerged as a transnational site for narrating Chinese Malaysian experiences, by considering an exemplary text, a 2012 novel by Tan Twan Eng, The Garden of Evening Mists. In examining the material and ideological conditions of the global literary marketplace in shaping the novel, I consider how the cosmopolitan nature of global Anglophone literary production can obscure the racial underpinnings of its cultural productions as in the case of Tan's novel.

title: Investigating Space Use Patterns in a Malaysian Hospital Courtyard Garden: Lessons from real time observation of patients, staff and visitors
abstract: This paper examines the behaviour of users of a large central courtyard in a hospital with the aim to develop an understanding of the activities and the space use patterns of patients, staff and visitors. Video based and direct observation, as well as behaviour mapping, were employed to investigate how different types of users interact with the courtyard garden. This study reveals that significant differences existed in the way different user groups utilised the courtyard garden on a daily basis and this was found to be highly influenced by the physical environment, the hospital opening hours and the courtyard micro climate. eISSN 2398 4287 (c) 2018.   and cE Bs (Centre for Environment Behaviour Studies) Faculty of Architecture, Planning Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.

title: Users' Perceptions, Experiences and Level of Satisfaction with the Quality of a Courtyard Garden in a Malaysian Public Hospital
abstract: During the 1970s, different types of hospital courtyard design (HCG) were implemented in the planning of Malaysian public hospitals. Consequently, various hospitals of different scales and design concepts were built to provide a better healthcare delivery system for local communities. However, the different typologies of HCG designs are yet to be systematically evaluated. Furthermore, designers and hospital managers are not aware of how different types of HCG perform. Face to face interview surveys and field measurements were employed in this study to develop an understanding of users' perceptions, experiences and satisfaction levels with the quality of HCG in a Malaysian public hospital.  Hospital courtyard garden; perceptions; experiences; level of satisfaction. eISSN 2398 4287 (c) 2018.   and cE Bs (Centre for Environment Behaviour Studies) Faculty of Architecture, Planning Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.

title: Malaysia's Three Major Ethnic Group Preferences in Creating a Malaysian Garden Identity
abstract: Malaysia has a complex multiracial population, predominantly defined by three major ethnic groups: Malay, Chinese and Indian races, with diverse cultural backgrounds. Despite this, the country has a vision to be the most beautiful garden nation, and its National Landscape Policy (NLP) puts emphasis on creating a unique landscape and garden identity. Because of ethnic and cultural differences, there are differences between preferences for developing a garden identity for Malaysia. Hence, this study focused on the visual quality of gardens. Representative images of four well established gardens of the world including Persian Islamic, English, Japanese and Chinese gardens were presented to the study's respondents through preference photo surveys. Respondents from the three major ethnic groups in Malaysia were asked to rate their preferred garden types, elements and scenes that they would like to see in Malaysian gardens. The results pinpointed expectations of the visual quality of gardens. These highlighted some similarities and differences between the three major ethnic groups in their preferences for the scenes and elements that they sought in gardens. Diverse factors must be considered when creating Malaysian gardens that will be accepted by Malaysians of different ethnic groups. Garden development reveals preferences attached to visual qualities and emphasises cultural differences between garden users.

title: The challenges, potentials, and experts' opinions on developing a Malaysian garden identity
abstract: As well as generally being considered as symbols of national and country identity, gardens fulfill various functions within society such as being aesthetically beautiful, satisfying human needs, and also functioning as places for various activities. In accordance with this, the Malaysian government in her newly launched National Landscape Policy put forth a vision to achieve "The Most Beautiful Garden Nation" by the year 2020, reflecting a desire to develop a distinctive landscape identity for the country. Due to this, the National Landscape Department of Malaysia suggested developing a garden identity as an indispensable part of this vision because even though the country has great potential in the development of parks and gardens, an exclusive garden identity is still lacking. This paper aims to justify that the development of a garden identity could enhance national and landscape identities for the country. It is also presumed that such development faces several challenges. Moreover, the study intends to highlight Malaysia's great potential for developing its gardens. A review of existing literature along with Malaysia's new landscape policy was thus undertaken, and findings were then triangulated by conducting face to face interviews with Malaysian local landscape architects. Consequently, the importance of creating a unique garden identity corresponding with Malaysia's new landscape policy was confirmed. Furthermore, challenges (which mainly relate to political, social, cultural, and economic viewpoints) and potentials for such development were recognised. The results can ultimately be utilised to contribute to the formation of gardens with distinct Malaysian identities.

title: Thai and Malaysian home garden