Query: Operationalization innovation

title: Data Privacy Against Innovation or Against Discrimination? The Case of the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA)
abstract: Conducting a case study on the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) this paper analyzes divergent frames of privacy argued by different stakeholders. While the United States has allowed corporate self regulation of consumer privacy, California became the first state to introduce its own privacy law in June 2018. In early 2019, California held public forums on CCPA, which then became a battleground for various stakeholders to discuss data privacy regulations. Examining 105 public comments made by 99 speakers in 7 CCPA public forums, this study identified that corporate representatives and consumer advocates differed in seven major areas: (1) the purpose of CCPA, (2) definitions of personal information and consumer, (3) operationalization of opt out, (4) non discrimination rules, (5) economic ramifications, (6) consumer literacy, and (7) comparison with other privacy frameworks. The findings suggest that corporate speakers follow the frame of privacy as a commodity, while consumer speakers seek the frame of privacy as a right.

title: Key principles and operational practices for improved nanotechnology environmental exposure assessment
abstract: Nanotechnology is identified as a key enabling technology due to its potential to contribute to economic growth and societal well being across industrial sectors. Sustainable nanotechnology requires a scientifically based and proportionate risk governance structure to support innovation, including a robust framework for environmental risk assessment (ERA) that ideally builds on methods established for conventional chemicals to ensure alignment and avoid duplication. Exposure assessment developed as a tiered approach is equally beneficial to nano specific ERA as for other classes of chemicals. Here we present the developing knowledge, practical considerations and key principles need to support exposure assessment for engineered nanomaterials for regulatory and research applications. The operationalization and improvement of environmental exposure assessment models for engineered nanomaterials can build on ten emerging principles relating to their release pathways, waste handling, transformations, influence of the properties on reactions and role that organisms can play in their fate and transport.

title: Structural and procedural conditions in National Immunization Program Information System establishment.
abstract: to analyze structural and process conditions in National Immunization Program Information System establishment. METHODS a cross sectional study conducted in 307 vaccination rooms in the state of Minas Gerais in 2017. For data collection, a multidimensional questionnaire was used. Descriptive data analysis was performed. RESULTS vaccination rooms have basic inputs necessary for System establishment. The greatest problems relate to professional practice. Low enrollment of population, failures in the active search for absentees, vaccine scheduling and absence of reports to monitor vaccination coverage were identified. Training was considered insufficient and ineffective.  Information System is an essential technological innovation for the management of immunization actions. However, the production of timely records and the use of information are still challenges. Investments in training are required to ensure System's management and operationalization activities.

title: Improving innovation performance through knowledge acquisition: the moderating role of employee retention and human resource management practices
abstract: This paper aims to study the effects of knowledge acquisition on innovation performance and the moderating effects of human resource management (HRM) in terms of employee retention and HRM practices, on the above mentioned relationship.  A sample of 129 firms operating in a wide array of sectors has been used to gather data through a standardized questionnaire for testing the hypotheses through ordinary least squares (OLS) regression models.  The results indicate that knowledge acquisition positively affects innovation performance and that HRM moderates the relationship between knowledge acquisition and innovation performance.  With the increasing proclivity towards engaging in open innovation, firms are likely to face some tensions and opportunities leading to a shift in the management of human resources. This starts from the assumption that the knowledge base of the firm resides in the people who work for the firm and that some HRM factors can influence innovation within firms. Despite this, there is a lack of research investigating the link between knowledge acquisition, HRM and innovation performance under the open innovation lens. This paper intends to fill this gap and nurture future research by assessing whether knowledge acquisition influences innovation performance and whether HRM moderates such a relationship.

title: Managing the Tradition and Innovation Paradox in Family Firms: A Family Imprinting Perspective
abstract: Long established family firms are endowed with a bundle of beliefs and practices that constitute their tradition. However, to remain competitive, they need to renew their products and production processes. Such forces pulling toward the past and the future, antithetically calling for continuity and change, seem paradoxical. In an abductive analysis of eight long established family firms in Turkey, we identify four equifinal strategies to manage this paradox. Adopting a family imprinting perspective, we theorize how the long lasting legacy of previous family generations shapes different approaches to innovation and tradition depending on the content imprinted on the current family generation. Contributing to family business, imprinting and innovation research, we identify the new construct of temporal symbiosis as a firm's simultaneous adoption of retrospective and prospective approaches to using its resources to concurrently perpetuate tradition and achieve innovation, highlighting its crucial role as a shield of the past and engine for the future.

title: Consumption based carbon emissions and International trade in G7 countries: The role of Environmental innovation and Renewable energy.
abstract: The role of a reliable carbon emissions measurement is important for devising a relevant climate policy to deals with environmental problems. Based on trade adjusted statistics of carbon emissions, a relevant climate policy response can be provided, especially following the conference of Paris (COP, 21) To explore the unidentified determinants of CO2 emissions in G7 countries from 1990 to 2017, this study uses second generation panel co integration methodologies. Results of P&Y's slope heterogeneity test and Pesaran's CD test confirm the existence of correlation among cross sectional units and slope heterogeneity across countries. The results confirm a stable long run relationship among CO2 emissions, trade, income, environmental innovation and renewable energy consumption. In the long run, imports and income enhance consumption based carbon emissions, while exports, environmental innovation and renewable energy consumption are helpful in abating consumption based CO2 emissions. The results are also reconfirmed by Augmented Mean Group (AMG) and Common Correlated Effect Mean Group (CCEMG) methods. Based on the results of the Dumitrescu and Hurlin (2012) Granger causality test, it is argued that any policy to target exports, imports, income and environmental innovation significantly changes CO2 emissions. On the contrary, any policy to support environmental degradation does not affect these variables. Moreover, any policy to target renewable energy sources significantly affects consumption based CO2 emissions and vice versa. This might lead the policymakers to adopt strategies that are eco friendly such as the deployment of renewable energy and environmental innovation to attain sustainable environment.

title: Exploring the impact of innovation, renewable energy consumption, and income on CO2 emissions: new evidence from the BRICS economies
abstract: The study's main purpose is to investigate the complex interaction between innovation, renewable energy consumption, and CO 2 emissions (CO 2 e) under the Kuznets curve framework, for BRICS economies from 1980 to 2016. The empirical estimates drwan from the CCEMG technique highlighted the heterogeneous role of innovation. The results indicated that innovation activities have failed to disrupt CO 2 e in China, India, Russia, and South Africa, except for Brazil. Second, the data showed that renewable energy consumption has mitigated CO 2 e in the BRICS panel, Russia, India, and China, excluding South Africa. Third, the existence of the EKC hypothesis was confirmed in all the BRICS economies, excluding India and South Africa. Fourth, the causality estimations reflected a two way causality between innovation and CO 2 e; innovation and GDP per capita; innovation and renewable energy consumption; and between CO 2 e and income, thereby confirming the acceptance of income led emission hypothesis in for BRICS economies, and vice versa.

title: Industry 4.0: a supply chain innovation perspective
abstract: The Fourth Industrial Revolution also known as Industry 4.0 (i4.0) comprises the digitalisation of the industrial sector. This paper uses the theoretical lens of supply chain innovation (SCI) to investigate the implications of i4.0 on supply chain management. For these purposes, the method of structured content analysis is applied to more than 200 use cases of i4.0 enabled SCI introduced by both established and startup companies. i4.0 enabled SCI manifests along three dimensions: process, technology, and business architecture. The key findings of this study can be summarised as follows: first, i4.0 enabled SCI extends the initial focus on productivity improvements in SC processes towards scalability and flexibility. Second, extant i4.0 solutions rely mostly on analytics and smart things while omitting smart people technology and the human centric approach associated with the i4.0 paradigm. Third, established companies adopt i4.0 merely to sustain their existing business architectures while startup companies radically change their operating models, relying heavily on data analytics and the platform economy. Consequently, established companies pursue a problem driven, engineering based approach to SCI while startup companies follow an 'asset light' business driven approach. Lastly, there are two distinct approaches to digitalising operational SC processes: platform based crowdsourcing of standard processes and on demand provision of customised services.

title: Impact of information technology innovation on firm performance in Kenya
abstract: Information communication technology (ICT) is driving modern employment creation with networking sites enabling people to interact through innovation. However, ICT uptake and implementation differ due to moderating factors such as entrepreneur innovativeness, which enhances how technology innovation impacts organizational performance. This study examines the association between technology innovation and firm performance in Kenya by considering the impact of entrepreneur innovativeness on this association. A sample of 240 enterprises and structural equation modeling were used in the analysis. The findings indicate that technology innovation influences firm performance positively. The study recommends that entrepreneurs should develop innovative strategies to actualize firm performance. Government policy should aim at improving ICT infrastructure; promoting small and medium sized enterprises' (SMEs' technological externalities within the industry, and establishing ICT resource centers to support SME performance. The study's findings enrich existing theories and contribute to business management practices in both developed and developing countries.

title: Role of information and communication technologies and innovation in driving carbon emissions and economic growth in selected G 20 countries.
abstract: This paper contributes to the growing literature regarding the role of Information and Communication Technologies as well as Innovation on driving the level of carbon dioxide emissions and economic growth in context of the 21st conference of the Parties to the Climate convention (COP21) Drawing the data from 13 selected G 20 countries (including Argentina, Canada, China, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Republic of Korea, Russian Federation, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States) during the period of 15 years, our study achieves significant results. First, only five factors impede the carbon emissions namely energy price, foreign direct investment, technology, spending on innovation and trade openness while the remainder of determinants contribute to contamination of environment, including financial development. Second, when it comes to economic growth, information and communication technological and financial development are positive driving factors. Our results do reject the absence of Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) from our sample. Finally, our study empirically suggests that the work of controlling consumption of oil and environmentally friendly process including manufacture trading in these economies will limit the amount of pollution.