Query: vicious circle of poverty

title: Quo Vadis Kebijakan: Analisa Vicious Circle of Poverty Nelayan Tradisional akibat Kebijakan PSBB
abstract: This study aims to provide an overview of the influence of (Large Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB) on the poverty status of traditional fishermen in Tegalsari, Tegal City.Using a qualitative descriptive method, this study explores and explores the relationship between the impact of the PSBB policy and the poverty status of fishermen. This study uses a vicious cycle of poverty theory and the public policy cycle to help examine the results. In short, instead of policies helping to ease the burden, those that exist have added to the bankruptcy of the fishermen's life. Especially about the PSBB (Large Scale Social Restrictions) policy, two factors have led to the added poverty of fishermen, namely: this policy has limited economic space which makes it difficult for fishermen to make transactions between fishermen and buyers, and reduces the selling price of fish in the market. The government needs to pay attention to this so that it always evaluates its policies, especially in dealing with pandemics and poverty. The government also needs to reform the bureaucracy and strive for information and communication open to the public.

title: The Phenomenon of Tourism Poverty Trap: Is It Possible that Tourism Breaks the Vicious Circle of Poverty in Emerging Destinations?
abstract: Emerging destinations develop tourism activity as an increasingly widespread strategy to boost economic prosperity among the population. The main objective of this work is to analyze the effect that tourism has on the living conditions of the population affected by multidimensional poverty and to indicate the possible causes associated with tourism on this situation. Methodology consists of a cross sectional data analysis based on two simple linear regression models for 67 emerging destinations in the year 2014. Findings indicate that a greater tourism volume in these destinations tends to reduce poverty conditions. The phenomenon of tourism poverty trap (TPT) is presented as result of this research.

title: The Vicious Circle of Poverty

title: Analysis of the Vicious Circle of Poverty and Social Exclusion of the Gypsy Woman in the Neighbourhood of Los Rosales, Murcia
abstract: Poverty and social exclusion circle theory, based on the reproduction of causes and effects of poverty and social exclusion, above all, of the gypsy woman Caselles, 2008 leads us to approach, taking histories of life as starting point, the reality of three gypsy women who belong to the same family and from distinct generations resident in the neighbourhood of Los Rosales, in El Palmar (Murcia) in order to know to what extent the theory is real, and if it was, to what level is presented and how can be fought from quotidian routine. The reality of these women is presented with the aim of knowing and letting know not only the problems of a badly structured neighbourhood, but also the community and individual capacities and strengths of the neighbourhood from the gypsy woman point of view.

title: Working Children and Adolescents and the Vicious Circle of Poverty from the Perspective of Gunnar Myrdal's Theory of Circular Cumulative Causation: Analysis and Implementation of a Probit Model to Brazil
abstract: The objective of this paper is to study the work of children and adolescents and the vicious circle of poverty from the perspective of Guinar Myrdal's Theory of Circular Cumulative Causation. The objective is to show that if a person starts working in the juvenile phase of life they will be classified as poor or extremely poor when they are adult, which can to be observed in the case of Brazil, more specifically in the north and northeast. To do this, the methodology used was statistical and econometric analysis by applying a probit model. The main results show that: if people reside in the northeastern region of Brazil, and if they have a low educational level and if they start their professional life before the age 18, they will increase the likelihood that they will be poor or extremely poor. There is a consensus in the literature that one of the causes of the intergenerational transmission of poverty is related to child labor, this because when one starts their professional life while still in the toddler or adolescence stages of life, they end up sacrificing their studies. Because of their low level of education, children or adolescents are forced to perform low paid functions and abandon school, becoming in the future, people who will be classified as poor or extremely poor. As a result of poverty, parents may be forced to send their children out to work when they are young, so that in the future they will also become poor adults, a process that is characterized as the "vicious circle of poverty."  Children, adolescents, Gunnar Myrdal, poverty,

title: The Vicious Circle of Poverty in Rural Society, Case Study of Tobacco Farmers in the Rural Area of Lombok Island
abstract: Poverty is the cause of hunger, marginalization, neglectand the other social problems. Rural area, which most of its people work in agriculture, generally have more poor people than urban area. Lombok Island in NTB Province as one of the main producers of tobacco in Indonesia is one of the region with higher poor people percentage comparing to national percentage of poor people. This research aimed to know the pattern of vicious circle of poverty in tobacco farmers in Lombok Island. This research used qualitative method with descriptive approach. The number of respondents in this research are a hundred persons which were choosed by random sampling. While the research areas were choosed by purposive method. The research result revealed that the tobacco farmers in rural Lombok experienced the new pattern of vicious circle of poverty. Since the farmers had low level of capital, it encourage the farmers to make a collaboration with Tobacco Company which was create the dependence of farmers to tobacco commodity and Tobacco Company. Dependence on Tobacco Company make bargaining positions of farmerslowin transaction processwhich cause the farmers income become low. Low income lead the tobacco farmers to the 'debt trap' and low capital.  poverty, rural, farmers, tobacco, Lombok ABSTRAK Kemiskinan adalah penyebab dari kelaparan, marginalisasi dan keterlantaran serta fenomena fenomena negatif sosial lainnya. Kawasan pedesaan yang sebagian besar penduduknya bekerja di sektor pertanian umumnya memberikan sumbangan yang lebih besar dalam hal jumlah penduduk miskin dari pada kawasan perkotaan. Pulau Lombok di NTB sebagai penghasil utama tembakau di Indonesia adalah salah satu daerah dengan prosentase penduduk miskin lebih tinggi dari pada prosentase penduduk miskin nasional. Penelitian ini bermaksud untuk mengetahui pola lingkaran setan kemiskinan pada petani tembakau di Pulau Lombok. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan diskriptif. Responden berjumlan seratus orang dipilih secara random sampling di wilayah penelitian yang ditentukan secara purposive. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa petani tembakau di pedesaan Pulau Lombok mengalami lingkaran setan kemiskinan dengan pola baru. Rendahnya tingkat modal petani mendorong petani untuk bermitra dengan perusahaan tembakau, kemitraan ini kemudian menciptakan ketergantungan petani pada komoditas tembakau dan perusahaan mitra, ketergantungan itu membuat posisi tawar petani lemah dalam proses transaksi yang mengakibatkan rendahnya pendapatan petani, pendapatan yang rendah membuat petani terjebak pada debt trap dan tidak mampu mengakumulasi modal, dengan demikian petani kembali memiliki modal yang sangat rendah. Kata kunci: kemiskinan, pedesaan, petani, tembakau, Lombok

title: The vicious circle of poverty and injustice The vicious circle of poverty and injustice
abstract: Improving access to courts, lawyers, legal information for the poor and marginalized is not just in the interests of 'justice' in the abstract, but is fundamental for tackling poverty. This is the core message of the recent report  by the Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights to the United Nations General Assembly. Across developed and developing countries, the report emphasizes, people living in poverty are prevented from accessing justice on an equal footing, thereby entrenching and exacerbating their deprivation.

title: The Vicious Circle of Poverty, Poor Public Service Provision, and State Legitimacy in Sudan

title: SP0092 The vicious circle of educational level and risk of poverty in rheumatoid arthritis results of a cross sectional multicenter study in germany
abstract: This lecture will provide an overview on the dimensions of poverty in general and describe methods of assessing the risk of poverty in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) Based on results of a cross sectional multicenter study of RA patients from outpatient clinics in Brandenburg and Saarland, Germany, this talk will give a rationale for how patients with RA are threatened by poverty due to treatment related expenses, disability and early retirement compared to the general population. It will be highlighted, that the equalized disposable income of RA patients is significantly lower than in general population and RA patients share a doubled risk of poverty, even in social welfare well secured countries such as Germany. Further, the talk will demonstrate that both lower educational level and socio economic state are associated with more severe disease course of RA and various underlying mechanisms will be discussed. Disclosure of Interest M. Zaenker Consultant for: Celgene, Hospira, MSD, Roche

title: FRI0584 The Vicious Circle of Educational Level, Rheumatoid Arthritis, and Risk of Poverty Results of A Cross Sectional Multicenter Study in Germany
abstract: Compared to the general population, patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are threatened by poverty due to treatment related expenses, disability, and early retirement. Also, lower socio economic state is associated with increased prevalence and severity of RA. The underlying mechanisms are still unclear.  To evaluate the risk of poverty of RA patients in an unselected community based cohort in the German states of Brandenburg and Saarland, and to investigate interrelationship between educational level, socio economic state and disease severity.  Cross sectional multicenter study consecutively recruiting RA patients in outpatient clinics in Brandenburg and Saarland. Inclusion criteria were written consent and diagnosis of RA fulfilling ACR/EULAR criteria. Using anonymised questionnaires, equivalised disposable income (EDI total net income of a household divided by the number of equalised household members) was calculated. Risk of poverty was defined as <60% of the median EDI in Germany. Additionally, treatment related expenses and effects of RA on social life were evaluated.  Of all 910 returned questionnaires (return rate 88% 882 (97% were evaluable (666 from Brandenburg and 215 from Saarland) The mean+ SD age of all patients was 61+ 12 years, 71% were female, mean functional capacity (FFbH) was 72+ 23% rate of biologic treatment was 41% and 21% were active smokers. Median monthly EDI of RA patients was 1239EUR (IQR 869 1654) 88% of the median EDI in Germany (1413EUR) The rate of RA patients at risk of poverty was significantly higher compared to the population in Germany (27% vs. 16% p<0.001) Of the RA patients, 414 (52% had approved disability and 136 (21% got early retirement at a mean age of 55+ 11 years. Of all patients, 25% waved a drug prescription at some point due to financial reasons. The RA subgroup at risk of poverty waived prescriptions even more often (37% vs. 18% p<0.001) had a higher rate of active smokers (27% vs. 19% p=0.009) with more pack years (5.1+ 10.9 vs. 3.5+ 9.6, p=0.034) had worse functional scores (FFbH 64+ 25% vs. 75+ 22% p<0.001) and higher rates of early retirement (30% vs. 17% p<0.001) compared to the patients without poverty risk. Patients with an university degree had less functional impairment (mean FFbH 84+ 18% vs. 71+ 23% p<0.001) lower early retirement rates (7% vs 22% p=0.004) and older age at retirement (59+ 7 vs. 55+ 12years, p=0.023) than patients without a degree. These findings were not associated with different smoking rates, nutrition type, oral hygiene, exposure to agricultural or silica dust, or early diagnosis of RA.  RA patients in this study had an almost doubled risk of poverty compared to the general population. Poverty reduces compliance to treatment resulting in a vicious circle. Lower educational level is associated with more severe disease course of RA, but the underlying mechanisms need further elucidation. Disclosure of Interest None declared