Query: government expenditure

title: The Impact of Government Expenditure on Economic Growth in Nepal
abstract: This study investigate the impact of government expenditure on economic growth in Nepal. Annual series data between 2002/03 to 2015/16 is used for the study. Economic growth is dependent variable whereas, total capital expenditure, total recurrent expenditure, agriculture, non agriculture, industry, service and inflation are independent variables. The major objective of the study is to examine the effect of different component of government expenditure in economic growth in context to Nepal. Data are collected from economic survey of Nepal. The tools of analysis are the regression model between the variables, DW Test and for multicollonearity between the variables, VIF test is used. The empirical result shows that there is positive correlation between the dependent variable economic growth and the predictors like agricultural, non agricultural, industry and service sector. Whereas, total current and recurrent expenditure and inflation are negatively related to economic growth. The beta coefficient is positively significantly for agricultural, non agricultural, industry, and service sector, it implies that higher the investment in agricultural and non agricultural sector higher would be economic growth. Similarly, higher the investment on industry and service sector of the country, higher would be economic growth. More specifically, the value of D W value is 1.301 which implies that there is no autocorrelation between the variables.

title: THE IMPACT OF GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN KENYA: 1963 2008
abstract: The rapid growth in government expenditure in Kenya has caused concern among policy makers on the implication of such growth. Over the three decades, government expenditure in the country grew at a faster rate than the growth rate of GDP. Given this fiscal scenario, an explanation of this requires studying the impact of government expenditure on economic growth. The specific objectives of the study were to: investigate the relationship between the components of government expenditure and economic growth; examine the effects of components of government expenditure on GDP growth rate; analyze the effects of government expenditure reforms on economic growth; and to draw policy implications from the findings. The data used were government expenditure components that included expenditure on government investment, physical infrastructure, education, health care, public debt servicing, economic affairs, general administration and services, defense, public order and national security, and government consumption. Sources of data were Kenya government documents and international financial statistics publications. The study applied Vector Auto Regression estimation technique using the annual time series data for the period 1963 to 2008 to evaluate the impact of government expenditure on economic growth. The Johansen cointegration tests revealed a long run relationship between GDP growth rate and the selected components of government expenditure. Further, the Granger Causality test indicated bi directional causality between GDP growth rate and components of government expenditure. The results of impulse response functions and variance decomposition revealed that government expenditure on investment, physical infrastructure, education, health care, public debt servicing, economic affairs, general administration and services, defense, public order and national security and government consumption have effect on economic growth. Furthermore, the study established that expenditure reforms of budget rationalization, expenditure downsizing, privatization and governance affect economic growth. The study concludes that the composition of government expenditure and public expenditure reforms matter for economic growth.

title: Does government expenditure affect environmental quality? Empirical evidence using Chinese city level data
abstract: With rapid economic development, the Chinese government expenditures at various levels have increased sufficiently. At the same time, the environmental pollution in China has deteriorated significantly. In this study, the city level panel data of 106 Chinese cities over the 2002 2014 period are utilized to investigate the impacts of government expenditure on the emissions of three typical pollutants. Specifically, the total effects are divided into two types: direct effects, through which government expenditure affects pollution directly; and indirect effects, which refer to the indirect influences of government expenditure on environmental pollution through its impacts on GDP per capita. To control for potential endogeneity and introduce dynamics, the generalized method of moments (GMM) method is utilized. The estimation results indicate that the total effects of government expenditure on these three pollutants are very different: for sulfur dioxide (SO 2 soot and chemical oxygen demand (COD) the total effects are decreasing, inverted U and U shaped, respectively. Furthermore, the indirect effects dominate the direct effects.

title: Causality between Government Expenditure and Government Revenue in Nigeria
abstract: This study seeks to establish the causality between government expenditure and government revenue in Nigeria. The type of research adopted is ex post facto and the updated annual time series data between1986 2015 were obtained through Statistical data bulletins and annual reports of Central Bank of Nigeria in order to evaluate the variables such as total revenue and aggregate public expenditure of the federal government. The study applied co integration statistical method and vector autoregressive techniques comprising an Error Correction Model (ECM) and Augmented Dickey Fuller as the methods of analyses. The findings showed that there is spend revenue practice in Nigeria in line with the theory of Barro (1974) Peacock and Wiseman. (1979) indicating that changes in government expenditure triggered changes in government revenue. The Co integration tests also revealed that there is existence of long run equilibrium relationships between government revenue and expenditure variables. The outcome of this study showed that increase in government expenditure without a simultaneous increase in revenue could broaden the budget deficit.

title: Government Expenditure, Efficiency and Economic Growth: A Panel Analysis of Sub Saharan African Low Income Countries
abstract: This paper analyzes the impact of government expenditure and efficiency on economic growth of Sub Saharan African low income countries. The paper uses a panel data of 25 Sub Saharan African low income countries spanning from 2002 2015 which are obtained from World Development Indicators (WDI) database. The paper executes panel unit root tests by using ImPesaran Shin and Fisher ADF tests. The paper also uses Pedroni test to accomplish panel cointegration tests. Finally Generalized Methods of Moments (GMM) is applied to answer the two research questions. The results demonstrate that increasing government expenditure accelerates economic growth of low income countries in Sub Saharan Africa. However, when government expenditure is interacted with government efficiency we find no evidence for government efficiency to boost the impacts of government expenditure on economic growth. Fiscal policy makers in Sub Saharan African low income region should consider the rationale for using their spending to accelerate economic growth.

title: Government expenditure, corruption and total factor productivity
abstract: This paper classifies government expenditures into three types and constructs a theoretical framework to explore the influences of government expenditures and corruption on total factor productivity. It then establishes a dynamic spatial autoregressive model and a panel threshold model to test the theoretical hypotheses based on provincial panel data from 2007 to 2014. The results illustrate that "U" shape curve relationships exist between government expenditures of administrative service, investment development, safeguard governance and total factor productivity, and that the relationship between the government expenditure structure and total factor productivity follows an "inverted U" shape curve. In addition, the findings suggest that increased corruption levels can directly reduce regional total factor productivity and that the effects of the proportions of administrative service expenditures, investment development expenditures, and safeguard governance expenditures on total factor productivity have a single corruption threshold. Increasing the proportions of government expenditures could improve the total factor productivity up until the threshold value.

title: Relative efficiency of government expenditure on secondary education
abstract: Governments of OECD countries are under pressure to improve public sector performance and at the same time to reduce the government expenditure. In the process of improvement of public sector performance it is necessary ensure the efficiency in the provision of education, at the same time, the countries are required to provide their educational services by minimizing the amount of public money directed to them. This prompted us to implement the comparative study to assess the efficiency of government expenditure on secondary education in European countries in 2015. First we analyze the government expenditure based on the data published by International Monetary Fund (IMF) Second, we analyze the quality of education through the PISA indicators published by OECD. Then we apply the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to assess the relative efficiency of government expenditure on secondary education using output oriented model under the assumption of variable return to scale. Based on the results could it be said that average efficiency was 0.955 which suggests that the efficiency in evaluated countries was relatively high.  December, 2016 1st  May,  May, 2017

title: Impact of Government Expenditure on Economic Growth in Nigeria: A Disaggregated Analysis
abstract: The purpose of this paper was to assess the impact of government capital expenditures on economic growth in Nigeria during 1970 and 2012. A multiple regression model based on a modified endogenous growth framework was utilized to capture the interrelationships among capital expenditures on agriculture, education, health economic infrastructure and economic growth. Drawing on error correction and cointegration specifications, an OLS technique was used to analyze annual time series. Both short and long run effects of government capital expenditures on economic growth were estimated. Government capital expenditures had differential effects on economic growth. Capital expenditures on Agriculture did not exert any significant influence on growth both in the long and short runs. Similarly, the corresponding short run and long run impacts on growth of capital expenditures on Education were 0.45 and 0.48, respectively. These results were positive and statistically significant at the 5% level. The short run impact of health capital expenditures on economic growth was 0.21, while the long run impact was 0.16. These impacts were negative and insignificant. Expenditures on economic infrastructure had significant positive impacts on growth of 0.28 in the short run and 0.32 in the long run.

title: What level of domestic government health expenditure should we aspire to for universal health coverage?
abstract: Global discussions on universal health coverage (UHC) have focussed attention on the need for increased government funding for health care in many low and middle income countries. The objective of this paper is to explore potential targets for government spending on health to progress towards UHC. An explicit target for government expenditure on health care relative to gross domestic product (GDP) is a potentially powerful tool for holding governments to account in progressing to UHC, particularly in the context of UHC's inclusion in the Sustainable Development Goals. It is likely to be more influential than the Abuja target, which requires decreases in budget allocations to other sectors and is opposed by finance ministries for undermining their autonomy in making sectoral budget allocation decisions. International Monetary Fund and World Health Organisation data sets were used to analyse the relationship between government health expenditure and proxy indicators for the UHC goals of financial protection and access to quality health care, and triangulated with available country case studies estimating the resource requirements for a universal health system. Our analyses point towards a target of government spending on health of at least 5% of GDP for progressing towards UHC. This can be supplemented by a per capita target of $86 to promote universal access to primary care services in low income countries.

title: The impact of IMF conditionality on government health expenditure: A cross national analysis of 16 West African nations.
abstract: How do International Monetary Fund (IMF) policy reforms so called 'conditionalities' affect government health expenditures? We collected archival documents on IMF programmes from 1995 to 2014 to identify the pathways and impact of conditionality on government health spending in 16 West African countries. Based on a qualitative analysis of the data, we find that IMF policy reforms reduce fiscal space for investment in health, limit staff expansion of doctors and nurses, and lead to budget execution challenges in health systems. Further, we use cross national fixed effects models to evaluate the relationship between IMF mandated policy reforms and government health spending, adjusting for confounding economic and demographic factors and for selection bias. Each additional binding IMF policy reform reduces government health expenditure per capita by 0.248 percent (95% CI 0.435 to 0.060) Overall, our findings suggest that IMF conditionality impedes progress toward the attainment of universal health coverage.