Query: Tropaeolum Majus

title: Rapid biosynthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles from the leaf extract of Tropaeolum majus L. and its enhanced in vitro antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant and anticancer properties.
abstract: Eco friendly biosynthesis of nanoparticles from medicinal plants as reducing agent has gained importance due to its potential therapeutic uses. In the present study Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were eco friendly synthesized using the leaf extracts of the medicinal plant Tropaeolum majus. The obtained AgNPs were characterized by UV visible spectrum, FTIR, SEM and XRD which clearly showed the reduction of Ag+ ions to Ag0. In addition, the aqueous and ethanolic extracts were analyzed for phytochemicals and its antioxidant activities. GC MS spectrum showed the presence of 25 compounds with benzeneacetic acid as the dominant contents. The synthesized AgNPs revealed maximum absorption spectrum at 463 nm and FTIR vibrational peaks at 3357.46, 21,966.52, 2118.42, 1637.27, 658.571 and 411.728 cm 1 respectively. SEM and XRD studies evidenced the nature of nanocrystalline with face centered cubic (fcc) crystal structure. Both AgNPs and plant extracts showed more inhibition activity against Pseudomonas aeroginosa compared to other bacteria with MIC value of 6.25 mg/ml. Antifungal activities was higher for Penicilium notatum with MIC value 31.2 mg/ml. The IC50 values for MCF7 for aqueous extract were found to be 4.68 mg/ml, ethanol extract 7.5 mg/ml, AgNPs 2.49 mg/ml, and doxorubicin 1.4 mg/ml. The IC50 values for VERO cell line for aqueous extract was 8.1 mg/ml, ethanol extract with 6.8 mg/ml, silver nanoparticles 5.3 mg/ml and doxorubicin 2.6 mg/ml respectively. Conclusively, the antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant and anticancer properties of the synthesized AgNPs from Tropaeolum majus act as major therapeutic drug for microbial infectious disease and other health associated disorders.

title: Engineering the acceptor substrate specificity in the xyloglucan endotransglycosylase TmXET6.3 from nasturtium seeds (Tropaeolum majus L.
abstract: messageThe knowledge of substrate specificity of XET enzymes is important for the general understanding of metabolic pathways to challenge the established notion that these enzymes operate uniquely on cellulose xyloglucan networks.AbstractXyloglucan xyloglucosyl transferases (XETs) (EC 2.4.1.207) play a central role in loosening and re arranging the cellulose xyloglucan network, which is assumed to be the primary load bearing structural component of plant cell walls. The sequence of mature TmXET6.3 from Tropaeolum majus (280 residues) was deduced by the nucleotide sequence analysis of complete cDNA by Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends, based on tryptic and chymotryptic peptide sequences. Partly purified TmXET6.3, expressed in Pichia occurred in N glycosylated and unglycosylated forms. The quantification of hetero transglycosylation activities of TmXET6.3 revealed that (1,3;1,4) (1,6) and (1,4) b d glucooligosaccharides were the preferred acceptor substrates, while (1,4) b d xylooligosaccharides, and arabinoxylo and glucomanno oligosaccharides were less preferred. The 3D model of TmXET6.3, and bioinformatics analyses of identified and putative plant xyloglucan endotransglycosylases (XETs)/hydrolases (XEHs) of the GH16 family revealed that H94, A104, Q108, K234 and K237 were the key residues that underpinned the acceptor substrate specificity of TmXET6.3. Compared to the wild type enzyme, the single Q108R and K237T, and double K234T/K237T and triple H94Q/A104D/Q108R variants exhibited enhanced hetero transglycosylation activities with xyloglucan and (1,4) b d glucooligosaccharides, while those with (1,3;1,4) and (1,6) b d glucooligosaccharides were suppressed; the incorporation of xyloglucan to (1,4) b d glucooligosaccharides by the H94Q variant was influenced most extensively. Structural and biochemical data of non specific TmXET6.3 presented here extend the classic XET reaction mechanism by which these enzymes operate in plant cell walls. The evaluations of TmXET6.3 transglycosylation activities and the incidence of investigated residues in other members of the GH16 family suggest that a broad acceptor substrate specificity in plant XET enzymes could be more widespread than previously anticipated.

title: First Report of Bean Yellow Mosaic Virus Infecting Nasturtium (Tropaeolum majus) in Hawaii
abstract: Garden nasturtium (Tropaeolum majus L. is an herbaceous annual plant commonly used as a garden ornamental, culinary herb, or a medicinal plant. It has become naturalized in many locations and is currently considered an alien invader in New Zealand, Lord Howe Island, and Hawaii (U.S. Forest Service 2012) Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV) is an aphid transmitted nonpersistent potyvirus with a wide host range (Parrella and Lanave 2009) In February 2018, we observed nasturtium plants exhibiting severe chlorotic mosaic symptoms at the Kula Botanical Gardens on Maui, HI (20deg44'40.01' N, 156deg19'03.00' W) We tested six samples that had severe yellow mosaic and leaf distortion symptoms and three leaves from nonsymptomatic plants using potyvirus specific ELISA (Agdia, Elkhart, IN) and universal potyvirus specific reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT PCR) with potyvirus nuclear inclusion body (NIb) primers NIb2F and NIb3R (Zheng et al. 2010) All of the symptomatic nasturtium samples tested positive for potyvirus infection in both tests, whereas three nonsymptomatic nasturtium leaves tested negative in both tests. To identify the specific potyvirus involved, amplicons (309 bp) of the NIb region that were generated by RT PCR using universal potyvirus specific primers were sequenced (accession MH422546) BLASTn analysis of the sequences showed that this virus shared 93% nucleotide identity with a BYMV isolate from Australia (HG970862) and BLASTx analysis showed it shared 93% amino acid identity with a polyprotein of BYMV isolate from Australia (CDO67686) Two additional sets of PCR primers were used to further characterize the isolate: BYMV NIb specific primers BYMV NIb 3 (5' CCACTGTTATTCCCTTTAAAC 3' and BYMV NIb 5 (5' AATAAGTTCTACAGTTTGCACC 3' and BYMV coat protein (CP) specific primers BYMV CP 3 and BYMV CP 5 (Wang et al. 2017) BLASTn analysis of the 257 bp NIb amplicon (accession MH422547) shared 94% identity to an Australian isolate of BYMV (HG970847) and the 595 bp CP amplicon (accession MH422548) shared 98% identity to another Australian isolate of BYMV (HG970860) BLASTx analysis of the 257 bp NIb amplicon shared 93% identity to an Australian isolate polyprotein of BYMV (AHQ95554) and the 595 bp CP amplicon shared 98% identity to another Japan isolate polyprotein of BYMV (BAA93683) All six symptomatic samples also tested positive for BYMV by triple antibody sandwich ELISA using a BYMV specific antibody (DSMZ, Braunschweig, Germany) From March to June 2018, 24 additional nasturtium samples were collected from two different locations on Maui, and all tested positive for BYMV infection by RT PCR and ELISA. All of the symptomatic nasturtium samples tested positive for BYMV infection in both tests, while three nonsymptomatic nasturtium leaves from other plants tested negative in both tests. To our knowledge, this is the first report of BYMV infecting nasturtium plants in Hawaii. Nasturtium is a widely grown herbaceous ornamental in Hawaii. It could be harboring BYMV in the off season and moving it to cultivated legume plants. Therefore, further study is needed to determine whether legume aphids can transmit BYMV from nasturtium to healthy legume plants. In addition, further studies on the distribution of BYMV infected nasturtium and identification of other BYMV infected plants in the Hawaiian Islands are needed.

title: Gastrointestinalna stabilnost izotiocijanata iz mikrovalnog ekstrakta biljke dragoljub (Tropaeolum majus L. nakon dvofaznog simuliranog modela probave zavrsni rad
abstract: Dragoljub (Tropaeolum majus L. je jednogodisnja zeljasta biljka koja je bogat izvor vitamina C, ali i brojnih drugih bioloski aktivnih kompon

title: Efecto fotoprotector solar in vitro del aceite esencial de Ocimum basilicum L. (Albahaca) y Tropaeolum majus L. (Mastuerzo)
abstract: The main objective of this research work was to determine the in vitro sun protection factor of the essential oil of Ocimum basilicum L. and Tropaeolum majus L. which was extracted by the method of water vapor dragging, the process was converted with the Collection of samples of Ocimum basilicum L. in the district of Simbal and Tropaeolum majus L. in the district of Otuzco, then identified in the Herbarium Truxillense (HUT) of the National University of Trujillo with the number for Ocimum basilicum L. 60326 and Tropaeolum majus L. 60327. After obtaining the plant material, the washing and drying proceeded. The extraction of the essential oil of Ocimum basilicum L. (albahaca) was obtained obtaining a yield of 0,3% w/w, which presented the following organoleptic characteristics: oily liquid texture, light yellow color, pleasant smell. The physicochemical characteristics of the essential oil were: density 0,8754 g/mL, pH 4,1; refractive index 1,502 and acid number 0,0012 mg NaOH/g. Likewise, this essential oil was soluble in 96deg GL ethanol, moderately soluble in 70deg GL ethanol, and insoluble in 50deg GL alcohol and water. The in vitro sun protection factor of 0,1% Ocimum basilicum L. essential oil was 6,2922. By applying the steam entrainment distillation method in Tropaeolum majus L. (mastuerzo) it is not possible to obtain essential oil

title: Desarrollo de una crema a base del extracto hidroalcoholico de flores anaranjadas de Tropaeolum majus L. "mastuerzo" y su actividad fotoprotectora
abstract: The main objective of this research was to develop a cream based on the hydroalcoholic extract of orange flowers of Tropaeolum majus L. "mastuerzo" and to evaluate its effect in vitro. For the evaluation of photoprotective capacity, two steps were performed. In the first one, the vegetable sample was collected, washed and dried, followed by grinding to obtain powder, followed by the percolation method using alcohol of 70 deg GL as the solvent. The hydroalcoholic extract was obtained by performing different physicalchemical and by the methodology described by Sayre and Mansur et al, determining the Sun protection factor (SPF) being 8.3801, therefore in the second stage was developed the photoprotective formulation, for evaluation in vitro (F2) containing only extract without UV filter and one last one (F3) containing UV filters plus extract, which were subjected to organoleptic and physical quality controls in addition, SPF was determined in vitro, evaluating its efficacy pre and post irradiation, obtaining values of 23.5; 1; 91.5 and 2; 1; 25.75 respectively for the 3 samples performed. In conclusion, the hydroalcoholic extract of the orange flowers of Tropaeolum majus L. has a high SPF according to the FDA, but in contribution with organic sunscreens included in the formulation for the development of a photoprotective cream

title: jeogwanri dosinongeobeul wihan byeogmyeonnoghwa bujigpo ceoriga sigyongggocin hanryeonhwa(Tropaeolum majus L.)yi saengyuggwa gaehwae micineun yeonghyang
abstract: Tropaeolum majus, with a high decorative and food demand for vertical greening systems, has been utilized to revitalize urban agriculture. The effects of number of non woven fabrics in a non water environment and the adaptability of T. majus to this system were investigated. Planting ground composition of the container type wall vertical greening system was made using non woven fabric in one, two, three, or four layers. The results showed that the soil water content remained the highest when the non woven fabric comprised 4 sheets. The morphological properties showed more growth with the 4 sheets than with 1, 2, and 3 sheets. In terms of physiological characteristics, chlorophyll content was mostly high in the 4 sheets, while shoot fresh weight value was in the order of 3 sheets 4 sheets 2 sheets 1 sheet, and root fresh weight value was in the order of 4 sheets 2 sheets 1 sheet 3 sheets. The dry weight of the measured values in the shoot was in the order of 4 sheets 3 sheets 2 sheets 1 sheet while no clear difference was found in the root of each treatment. The difference in the flowring characteristics was not different, but in evaluating the characteristics as a whole, the growth in the three layers of non waven fabric was the best. In addition, the soil moisture content and the growth characteristics were statistically significant as a positive correlation between the groups. Thus, greater the non woven fabric, the higher is the adaptability of T. majus to dry stress under soil water free conditions by maintaining soil moisture content. This showed that it represented an effective alternative as a method of vertical greening system for lower maintenance urban agriculture.

title: Anatomical Study of Garden Nasturtium (Tropaeolum Majus L. Growing under the Climatic Conditions of Annaba (Eastern Algeria)
abstract: Tropaeolum majus L. (garden nasturtium) is a fast growing climbing annual plant characterized by its leaf venation. It is known for its medicinal, ornamental and culinary utility. The aim of this work was to study the anatomy of the garden nasturtium growing under the climatic conditions of Annaba (eastern Algeria) Garden nasturtium stem, petiole, leaf and root were harvested during the month of November (2016) Microscopic observation of the different organs revealed that the anatomy of this plant contains much more hydrophilic cellulosic tissues (parenchyma and collenchymas) than hydrophobic lignified tissues. We can deduce that garden nasturtium requires a high humidity which explains the great growth of this species under the climatic conditions of the region of Annaba, characterized by Mediterranean climate (high rainfall, high atmospheric humidity and mild temperature)

title: The effect of Tropaeolum majus L. on bacterial infections and in vitro efficacy on apoptosis and DNA lesions in hyperosmotic stress.
abstract: Tropaeolum majus L. (T. majus) or nasturtium is a medicinal plant widespread in the areas with temperate climate, commonly used in culinary and in traditional medicine due to therapeutic properties. In the last few years, various effects of the flowers and leaves of this plant have been studied, but their benefits are not fully known. The aim of the study was to identify the phenolic compounds from T. majus edible flowers in relation with its antioxidant capacity and the antimicrobial activity against different bacteria and Candida albicans. In addition, the impact of natural extract on oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis was analysed on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) exposed to normotonic and hypertonic conditions. The major phenolic acids, identified by HPLC RP with UV detection, were gallic acid, caffeic acid and p coumaric and predominant flavonoids were quercetin, epicatechin and luteolin. The both fractions of T. majus were rich sources of polyphenols with marked antioxidant activity, evidenced by TEAC or DPPH methods. The extract exhibited a week antibacterial effect on some strains of streptococcus, without antifungal or antibacterial effect on gram negative bacteria. T. majus extract increased the p53 and Bcl 2 expressions and diminished the DNA lesions indicating the protective and antiapoptotic effects in vitro, on endothelial cells exposed to hyperosmotic stress. These experimental findings suggest that T. majus can exert some protection against bacterial infections and reduce apoptosis and DNA lesions in hypertonic conditions.

title: Garden nasturtium (Tropaeolum majus L. a source of mineral elements and bioactive compounds
abstract: The garden nasturtium (Tropaeolum majus L. belongs to the family Tropaeolaceae. Native to South America it was brought to Europe in XVI century. It is a plant with numerous healing properties. Medicinal plants such as the garden nasturtium contain trace elements and bioactive compounds which can be easily absorbed by the human body. The flowers and other parts of the garden nasturtium are a good source of micro elements such as potassium, phosphorus, calcium and magnesium, and macro elements, especially of zinc, copper and iron. The essential oil, the extract from the flowers and leaves, and the compounds isolated from these elements have antimicrobial, antifungal, hypotensive, expectorant and anticancer effects. Antioxidant activity of extracts from garden nasturtium is an effect of its high content of compounds such as anthocyanins, polyphenols and vitamin C. Due to its rich phytochemical content and unique elemental composition, the garden nasturtium may be used in the treatment of many diseases for example the illnesses of the respiratory and digestive systems. High content of erucic acid in nasturtium seeds makes it possible to use its oil as treatment in adrenoleukodystrophy. It is also applied in dermatology because it improves the condition of skin and hair. More recently, the flowers of this species have been used as a decorative and edible element of some types of dishes. Aim of the review was to summarize available data concerning garden nasturtium Tropaeolum majus L.