Query: Predanocyova

title: CRITICAL THINKING AS EDUCATIONAL CHALLENGE
abstract: Critical thinking currently represents the necessary ability of an individual to orient himself in a world full of information, it allows him to search for his own identity, to form his own opinions, attitudes. Critical thinking is an individual intellectual process in which the thinker improves and cultivates the quality of his thinking, activating himself in the assessment of actions, various situations. The paper will present current theoretical approaches to understanding critical thinking and its position, we will also introduce critical thinking as one of the necessary human competencies acquired in the educational process. The paper will present the results of research by a team of experts at Constantine the Philosopher University Nitra, focused on the development of critical thinking in the educational process, which is part of the undergraduate training of future teachers and its subsequent implementation in educational practice.

title: Consumer Preferences in the Content of Loyalty to the Yoghurt Brand
abstract: The aim of submitted paper was to analyze customer preferences in the context of loyalty to the brand of selected food products in the segment of yoghurts. In order to achieve the mentioned aim, we used methods of survey, structured questionnaire (sample of 693 randomly chosen respondents) and blind test (sample of 100 respondents testing the four yoghurts 2 yoghurts of traditional brands and 2 yoghurts of private labels) For a deeper analysis of the obtained results, totally four hypotheses were set out and tested by using the statistical methods of Contingency table chi square test, Pearson's chi square test, Cramer's coefficient, Friedman test and Kolmogorov Smirnov Test. The results of the survey proved that more than 30 of respondents consume yoghurts on a daily basis, 30 of respondents prefer to buy the yogurts of private labels, more than 64 of respondents consider themselves as loyal consumers and based on the package, the tested sample of private label yoghurt (sample A) would be purchased by 56 of respondents while the same sample of yoghurt (sample A) would be purchased for its taste just by 47 of respondents.

title: POSITIVE INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS IN TERMS OF DEVELOPING CREATIVITY AND CRITICAL THINKING
abstract: The formation of a person's personality in his intellectual and moral improvement, the expansion of his independence, creativity and critical thinking is possible within his participation in the educational process. In the conditions of the Slovak Republic, the subject of civics plays an important role in this process. The aim of the paper is to point out the topicality of the researched problem and to present the given issue as a means of increasing the professional competencies of teachers in the field of development of critical and creative thinking of students. In this article, we pay attention to one of the innovative forms of learning, dialogue. As part of the APVV project Practice in the centre of the subject field didactics, subject field didactics in the centre of preparation for practice we used pedagogical diaries and video recordings from the pedagogical practice of teacher education students in the 1st 2nd year of master's degree in civics at primary and secondary schools.

title: Slovak consumers' perception of bakery products and their offer in retails
abstract: Bakery products represents an important part of the diet and have an irreplaceable role in the proportion of nutrients, but their popularity in the diet of Slovak consumers continues to decline. For this reason it is necessary to address the issue of bakery products with regard to their consumption. The aim of the paper is to point out the development of consumption of bakery products in the Slovak Republic and to identify the main factors determining their purchase from the perspective of Slovak consumers. Secondary and primary data were used to meet this aim. Secondary data were obtained from the Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic in order to describe trends in consumption of selected foodstuffs in the period 2009 2018, as well as to predict the development of consumption of wheat and durable bread by 2020. The development of consumption is influenced by a number of factors, which may include, in particular, the price of products, the existence of substitution products, changes in eating habits and preferences of Slovak consumers, consumer health restrictions, as well as the taste factor. The primary data were obtained through consumer and business oriented research in the Slovak Republic. The results of the consumer survey showed both rationality and irrationality in consumer decisions when buying bakery products. Rational aspects in the purchase of bakery products are factors of composition and durability. Irrationality in consumer behavior when buying can be accompanied by psychological factors, which include the perception of freshness of bakery products, the perception of prices, the perception of the country of origin, as well as sensory aspects such as taste. The achieved results were confronted with the results of a retail oriented survey. The results showed that the commercial premises, when offering bakery products, mainly take into account the freshness, price and country of origin of selected foods.

title: Teacher's Professional Competences and Their evaluation

title: Rational and irrational behavior of Slovak consumers in the private label market
abstract: Rational and irrational consumer behavior has already been the subject of several studies. Although their attention was mostly focused on traditional brands, these studies and their conclusions may also serve as a model for private label research, which is now increasingly coming to the forefront. Private labels are gradually becoming an adequate purchase alternative to traditional brands. The aim of the paper was to find out the influence of packaging and chosen marketing communication tools, on consumer purchasing decisions in the dairy segment. An anonymous questionnaire survey was chosen as the main research method, where participated 1,116 respondents from all over Slovakia; which was subsequently supplemented by the blind test involving 20 respondents under the age of up to 25 years. Seven chocolate flavored yogurt samples were examined in the blind test; while the samples were such traditional brands by traditional producers as well as private labels. Interestingly, identical products were investigated products from the traditional producer, both under its brand and under the retailer's private label. The results of our research proved some interesting findings more than 28% of respondents buy private label products regularly and more than 53% buy them sporadically; whereas respondents do not buy private labels, mainly because of their lack of interest to try something new, assuming poor product quality and inadequate price; they buy them mainly because of lower prices compared to traditional product brands, comparable quality to traditional brands and good experience; respondents perceive private labels as good products of adequate quality and private labels evoke that products are adequate quality at a reasonable price. Although most respondents have no opinion on the packaging of private label products, more than 31% of them consider their packaging as unattractive and almost 36% think that their packaging does not affect them, but the results of the blind test partially refused this opinion.

title: The impact of inappropriate food advertising on consumer behavior
abstract: The impact of food advertising on consumer behavior is a matter of concern to psychologists, marketers, economists and the general public alike. It is well known that the consumer is not rational, and all the time does not carefully evaluate all available alternatives before purchase. There exist many stimuli influencing consumer behavior, which refers to the study of buying tendencies of consumers. There are several stages a consumer goes through before he finally picks up products available in the market. Various factors, be it cultural, social, personal or psychological, influence the buying decision of individuals. Submitted paper deals with the impact of inappropriate advertising on consumer behavior, namely the purchase of food. Related research was conducted at Department of Marketing and Trade, FEM SUA in Nitra, based on a questionnaire survey with a sample of 702 respondents from the Slovak Republic. We have used two research methods: Chi Square contingency test and Kolmogorov Smirnov test. Obtained results proved that 38% of respondents have a personal experience with inappropriate food advertising and most respondents considered inappropriate food advertising as a deceptive, misleading and manipulative one. It was confirmed that the perception of inappropriate food advertising is not dependent on the age of the respondents and respondents do not avoid buying food previously seen in inappropriate advertising. They take into consideration more important characteristics and features of the food products such as quality, price, taste etc.

title: Key factors affecting consumption of meat and meat products from perspective of Slovak consumers
abstract: Nowadays, meat and meat products are considered as a part of the daily diet of most people. Therefore, it is necessary to deal with meat and meat products and their consumption according to individual types of meat. Based on the above, the paper is focused on the issue of consumption of individual types of meat in the Slovak Republic and the identification of key factors affecting the consumption of meat and meat products from Slovak consumers' point of view. Secondary and primary data is used to fulfil the aim of the paper. Secondary data is obtained from the Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic, on the basis of which the development of consumption of individual types of meat is predicted by 2020. It can be stated that poultry and pork meat and meat products consumption is constantly increasing and there is a slight change in beef and fish meat and meat products consumption, which is currently at a very low level. In the context of the above, a questionnaire survey is realised and based on its results it could be concluded that the price is a main reason for the inadequate consumption of different types of meat. However, consumers consume meat and meat products mainly because of taste, which can be considered as an aspect of irrationality in the diet of Slovak consumers. Furthermore, a number of factors affecting the purchase and consumption of meat and meat products have been identified. The results show rational and irrational aspects in the decision making of Slovak consumers. The most important factor is the quality of meat and meat products, which consumers perceive differently, mainly on the basis of their own personality and other aspects of meat quality (price, origin, freshness, and sensory characteristics of meat) Other important factors are the perception of composition, freshness, price and country of origin.

title: EVALUATION OF TEACHER COMPETENCE TO DESIGN AND PLAN EDUCATION PROCESS IN THE TERMS OF THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC

title: UNIVERSITY TRAINING OF CIVICS TEACHER