Query: neighborhood center design

title: Neighborhood Center Design (Set of Cultural social leisure) in Order to Reduce the Social Pathology, a Case Study Shah Hoseini Neighborhood, Bandar Abbas
abstract: Urbanization provides the citizen a specific way of life with relative welfare. However, regarding structure quality and life standard, all neighborhoods are not the same. These differences are usually as norms. Due to economic social factors and consequential results, some neighborhoods deprived from the same level of development in other neighborhoods. The difference in development level has eventuated in many social and cultural challenges. Emergence of blight texture is one negative consequence to name, that can with providing by participation to solve this problem. The participation of people in a parish activity has different dimensions. Shah Hoseini neighborhood was faced with a shortage of capitation and standards, low quality of life on Bandar Abbas that leads to social pathology. The aim of this study is neighborhood center design in order to reduce the social pathology, identify social problems in the neighborhood and provide optimal strategies for neighborhood center design. Analytical using strategic planning and multiple criteria decision making method were used in this study. Data were gathered in two different levels: urban experts in the municipality of Bandar Abbas and specialists in university. The result showed designing neighborhood center is not possible without considering social participation. The role of community and social interactions in neighborhoods are very important so that scientists don't consider a public or open space without social interactions as an urban space. Accordingly it seems to achieve a dynamic and vibrant neighborhood center, there is no way except improving social interactions.

title: Application Research on Livable Communities Design in Singapore Neighborhood Center Pattern
abstract: Through the theoretical research on livable communities and the analysis of Singapore's neighborhood center, combined with the successful cases of community planning at home and abroad, this paper analyzes its reference to China's community planning, and focuses on introducing the neighborhood center model into livable community planning, summarizing the design principles and design strategies of livable community planning based on the neighborhood center model. Furthermore, the recommendations of the Singapore Neighborhood Center in the planning and design of livable communities in China are proposed, in order to provide theoretical reference for the planning and design of livable communities in the future. ; neighborhood center; community

title: Assessment of Social Interaction in Sense of Place: Rethinking the Design of Neighborhood Center in Urban space, Case study: Boshrooyeh City
abstract: Environmental psychology has been reinforced by focusing on the experiential sense of place in urban environment. In Iranian urban researches, the role of neighborhood center design to reinforce the social interaction and sense of place has not been adequately explored. The purpose of this study was to explore this claim that neighborhood center with its unique attributes can provide an approproiate place that residents promot their interaction within. The study was conducted in the form of a survey, with data being gathered via questionnaire from 174 randomly selected residents. Miandeh neighborhood center of Boshroyeh city in Iran was conducted as a case study. Analysis revealed that use singularity and appearance of alley encourage interaction between people in neighborhood center. The results also demonstrated that social interaction has an impact in increasing the sense of place in residents due to their interaction with other neighbors. The paper concludes by emphasizing that planners should consider the NC in design of urban space due to its contribution in the social interaction and sense of place in residents. Ultimately, existing elements in neighborhood center can create effective factors to make the image in people's memories and provide social network and interaction between people with a place.  Social interaction, Sense of place, Design of neighborhood center, Urban space Introduction Contrast between modernity, historical principles of urban design, and cultural values came to be a very important aspect in social life of modern cities. The contradiction between the traditional and nowadays cities had the most negative effect on people's life. Sennett  believed that the modern period has witnessed a decline of public life, which is because of the formation of a new capitalist. Today, cities have transformed collecting public places into private spaces  Therewith shared public space is almost missing  Lack of sense of place (SOP) and especially social interaction are mentioned by lot of scholars and authors [2, 4 8] They expressed that this weakness and placelessness are because of the lack of space for gathering and communicate in new urban space. Neighborhood center (NC) as a semi public place in neighborhood level which has been used as a place for gathering, public ceremonies, and activities is lost in the design of Iranian urban space in nowadays cities. Therefore, interaction and face to face communication of residents does not longer exist and happen in a different way and locations. Furthermore, Keller 1968 stated that recent research shown that there is a little consistency between social organization and physical collections of the cities. According to Hester 1975, *Corresponding author. Hero.farkisch@yahoo.com although due to communication technology, the compatibility between future social and physical spaces is destroyed but for many people, still local community is important [9] Public spaces are a requirement for social gathering and interaction. Therefore, Neighborhood center can act as gathering place which people involve therein, and develops their social interaction with neighbors. Therefore, sense of place will strengthen due to strong interaction and communication between neighborhood residents. to the reduction of social interactions among the residents in the neighborhoods, this study seeks to find a physical solution to examine and review the realization of such interactions. In this regard, the present study examines neighborhood centers as the origin of such interactions in the past. Therefore, this study is significant because, first evaluates the hypothesis that neighborhood centers have played a role in social interactions, then deals with the specific physical features that affect these interactions. Literatures on the concept of psychological and physical concepts are reviewed in sense of place, social interaction and their components. More were presented affective NC attributes and its significance in developing the sense of place and social interaction.  Environmental perception has been reinforced by focusing on the experiential sense of place associated with urban environments [16] Sense of place is a concept that describe the people's relationships with a place [17]  argued that the concept of sense of place is not very clear; he explained that we could describe our personal understandings about this concept, but we cannot give a precise definition for. As characterized by Canter's theory [19] sense of place has three factors; activities linked to this locale, the subject's conceptual meanings linked to this locale, and the physical. Steel in [20, 21] also demonstrated that sense to place is depended on how the human communicated with the environment.  detemined three main stages with seven levels for sense of place like place attachmet, place belonging, commitment to a place, and involvement in place. In  Tuan argued that rootedness and length of residence has the stronger effect to sense of place. He indicated that respondents with the strongest sense of place have social, and cultural ties to their land and community, whereas tourists and transients people have fewer emotional and spiritual ties to a place. Social scientists argued that connections with places are often strongest and most compelling when rooted in social interactions within a place, with the sense of place deriving from people, experiences, and memories created in the place [23, 24] Further, the people's experience of a place, the physical forms, activities and meanings combined together to form the sense place and character  Therefore, paying attention to the experience of specific or identical places can be important in creating deep social relationships. 2.  (1987) investigate the concept of place that has been used with in social science, and finds three major elements: `locale, the settings in which social relations are constituted; location, the geographical area encompassing the settings for social interaction, and sense of place, the local`structure of feeling' He mentioned that meaningful places emerge in a social context and through social relations, surroundings give individuals a sense of place [26] Components of social interaction also are demonstrates by numerous of scholars such as neighboring, which means residents to interact with their next door on the neighborhood [2729] casual social encounters as a social contact between residents who do not know each other on the neighborhood [30] and participation in the place activities that occurred as resident's engagement in related activities of the place [29, 31] Environment can provide and facilitates the behavior and activities within itself. It also supplies social interaction and motivation of the people [32] Reseraches revealed the effect of design in social interaction such as [33, 34] In the physical concepts, characteristics, and mixed uses [29, 35 38] and divers place for services, shops [39, 40] and appropriate space for interact [41] can provide or encourage social interaction or contact between neighbors. Researchers such as [38, 42] believed that environment has an impact on social relation. According to Madanipour  still space plays a critical role in social encounters. Bothwell et al.  mentioned that traditional neighborhood design principle (TND) supports social interaction in their case study. They also indicated that the physical form and image of their environment have some effect on the stability of the neighborhood. Short distance between houses, sidewalks close to houses, mixed uses, narrow streets, variety of pedestrian routes, public spaces, and diverse community services will foster social interaction (Duany et al. 2000) From the literature can be reached that existing elements in neighborhood center can create effective factors to make the image in people's memories and provide social network and interaction between people with a place. As a conclusion social interaction is defined as a social relationship between residents. Social interaction concludes neighboring, participation in activities, casual social encounters (during the providing of daily need) and friendship contact. The SOP develop over the strong social relationship between residents. 3. IDENTIFYING APPROPRIATE FEATURES OF ENVIRONMENT Appleyard [44] known three factors to better understanding of buildings. These three factors were form attributes, visibility attributes, and use and significance attributes. Appleyard [44] reinforced the Lynch theory and proposed, "use intensity, use singularity, and historical significance" that people drawn in their mental map and have impact on the poeple's memories and perception of their environment. Numerous scholars [8, 36, 45 51] offers the essential physical elements that provide a balance between the public and private realms and are necessary to have good environments such as mixture of uses, livable neighborhoods, density of land use, an integration of activities and shopps in proximity to each other, distinctive buildings, neighborhood center or a main street as a focal point, connected open space, and hierarchy of spaces. Perry [52] suggested a physical pattern for local community residence. He was affected to Cooley's theory (1909) who emphasis the impact of the neighborhood units to children socialization. Cooley believed that face toface interaction, and local community are important factor in neighborhoods. According to [53] it is consisting of residential districts, schools, shopping f

title: A REVIEW ON DESIGNING A NEIGHBORHOOD CENTER TO ENHANCE THE SECURITY OF URBAN DECAY WITH THE CPTED APPROACH
abstract: The CPTED approach is a targeted approach to the efficient and intelligent design of environmental components by employing an optimal artifact environment in reducing crime which has a significant impact on increasing social capital, improving the quality of life, and increasing citizenship satisfaction and thereby improving social welfare. New environmental design approaches emphasize that with regard to the physical structure of urban spaces and the formulation and application of special rules in them, a large amount of crime can be prevented from urban crime, in which this can be achieved by reducing the natural potential of urban areas in crime or crime. Accordingly, in this research, by considering the importance of neighborhood centers in cities and providing security in these spaces we, utilizing available resources and analytical and documentary approaches, intend to provide solutions, executive practices and universally valid principles in urban environments for improving security in them using the CPTED approach. The results of the research indicate that it is very necessary to use the CPTED guidelines and principles in neighborhood center design to increase security, and can lead to positive results. Therefore, at the end of the research, there are presented solutions for urban design and architecture of the neighborhood center that applying them to the design process and the construction and implementation can reduce the capacity of the regions to organize and form a safe neighborhood center.

title: Evaluation of neighborhood center attributes on resident's territoriality and sense of belonging a case study in Boshrooyeh, Iran
abstract: Hierarchical regularity is achieved with intelligible definition of the public and private realms. Territoriality understood as a spatial strategy includes the point where physical attributes and clear boundaries are intertwined with the people belonging to the place. For this purpose, effective domains of the territoriality have been analyzed, each in term of distinct aspects of the physical attributes of neighborhood center through survey. Surveys were conducted with 174 participants in the Miandeh Neighborhood Center of Boshrooyeh city in Iran. Analysis revealed that the arrangement of houses, indicators buildings, and short walking distance as the characteristics of space hierarchy encourages a feeling of defense. The paper concludes by establishing that the traditional neighborhood center design has a significant contribution to the sense of territoriality, therefore it should be considered in the design of urban spaces.

title: Innovation of Neighborhood Community Center through ICTs Aided Intelligent Space Design Contents
abstract: keomyunitisenteoran jugeojigu ingeune wicihayeo jiyeogsahoeyi munhwa hwaldongyi jungsimi doeneun gagjong gonggongsiseoleul yimihan da. coegeun tonghabjeog munhwa hwaldongyi suyoga jeunggahamyeonseo keomyunitisenteoga dansun yeogahwaldongi anin bogji, ceyug, saenghwalye sul, gyoyug deung gongdongcebogweon mic saenghwalpyeonyireul jeungjinsikineun boghabjeog gongganeuro byeonmohago issda. bon yeonguneun sejongsi jugeo jihyeong U City ceheomjigu gaebalsaeobyi ilhwaneuro, jiyeogminyi munhwa camyeo jeobgeunseongeul jegohanda. teughi ceheomwijuyi gong ganeul jegonghameuroseo sahoejeog tonghabeul yudohayeo gunggeugjeogeuro U Cityga mandeuneun sotonggwa cegamyi dosigongganeuro hoe boghagoja handa. bon yeongureul tonghae gongdongce hoebog gineungyi keomyunitisenteoreul jibjung yeonguhameuroseo jugeojihyeong U City seobiseu gyehoege jeogyonghal su issneun siljiljeog daeaneul maryeonhal su issda. ineun gijonyi gwanramhyeong, gangjwahyeongyi il banghyang keomyu nitisenteoga anin jiyeogjumini jigjeob ceheomhago jabaljeogeuro camyeohaneun ssangbanghyang unyeongyi keomyunitisenteoyi baljeonbanghyang eul jesihaessdaneunde yiyiga issda.

title: Impact of neighborhood design on energy performance and GHG emissions
abstract: This paper presents an innovative and holistic approach to the analysis of the impact of selected design parameters of a new solar community on its environmental performance, in terms of energy efficiency and carbon footprint (green house gas (GHG) emissions) The design parameters include energy performance level of buildings, density, type of the neighborhood (mixed use vs residential) location of the commercial center relative to residential areas and the design of the streets. Energy performance is measured as the balance between overall energy consumption for building operations (assuming an all electric neighborhood) and electricity generation potential through integration of PV panels on available roof surfaces. Greenhouse gas emissions are those associated with building operations and transport.

title: Association of Neighborhood Level Disadvantage With Cerebral and Hippocampal Volume.
abstract: Identifying risk factors for brain atrophy during the aging process can help direct new preventive approaches for dementia and cognitive decline. The association of neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage with brain volume in this context is not well known.  To test whether neighborhood level socioeconomic disadvantage is associated with decreased brain volume in a cognitively unimpaired population enriched for Alzheimer disease risk.  This study, conducted from January 6, 2010, to January 17, 2019, at an academic research neuroimaging center, used cross sectional data on 951 participants from 2 large, ongoing cohort studies of Alzheimer disease (Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention and Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center clinical cohort) Participants were cognitively unimpaired based on National Institute on Aging Alzheimer's Association workgroup diagnostic criteria for mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer disease, confirmed through a consensus diagnosis panel. The cohort was enriched for Alzheimer disease risk based on family history of dementia. Statistical analysis was performed from April 3 to September 27, 2019.  Area Deprivation Index, a geospatially determined index of neighborhood level disadvantage, and cardiovascular disease risk indices were calculated for each participant. Linear regression models were fitted to test associations between relative neighborhood level disadvantage (highest 20% based on state of residence) and hippocampal and total brain tissue volume, as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging.  In the primary analysis of 951 participants (637 women [67.0% mean [SD] age, 63.9 [8.1] years) living in the 20% most disadvantaged neighborhoods was associated with 4.1% lower hippocampal volume (b 317.44; 95% CI, 543.32 to 91.56; P .006) and 2.0% lower total brain tissue volume (b 20 959.67; 95% CI, 37 611.92 to 4307.43; P .01) after controlling for intracranial volume, individual level educational attainment, age, and sex. Robust propensity score matched analyses determined that this association was not due to racial/ethnic or demographic characteristics. Cardiovascular risk score, examined in a subsample of 893 participants, mediated this association for total brain tissue but not for hippocampal volume.  This finding suggests an association of community socioeconomic context, distinct from individual level socioeconomic status, with brain volume during aging. Cardiovascular risk mediated this association for total brain tissue volume but not for hippocampal volume, suggesting that neighborhood level disadvantage may be associated with these 2 outcomes via distinct biological pathways.

title: The Baltimore Community Based Organizations Neighborhood Network: Enhancing Capacity Together (CONNECT) Cluster RCT.
abstract: This cluster RCT aimed to reduce healthcare utilization and increase the referral of patients between an academic health center and local community based organizations (CBOs) that address social determinants of health.  Twenty two CBOs located in Baltimore, Maryland, were randomly assigned to the intervention or control group, and 5,255 patients were allocated to the intervention or control group based on whether they lived closer to an intervention or control CBO. Data were collected in 2014 2016; the analysis was conducted in 2016.  A multicomponent intervention included an online tool to help refer clients to community resources, meet and greet sessions between CBO staff and healthcare staff, and research assistants.  The primary outcomes were patient emergency department visits and days spent in the hospital. Additional outcomes for CBO clients included knowledge of other CBOs, number of referrals to CBOs by the healthcare system, and number of referrals to healthcare system by CBOs. Outcomes for CBO staff included the number of referrals made to and received from the healthcare system and the number of referrals made to and received from other CBOs.  There was no significant effect of the intervention on healthcare utilization outcomes, CBO client outcomes, or CBO staff outcomes. Ancillary analyses demonstrated a 2.9% increase in referrals by inpatient staff to intervention CBOs (p=0.051) and a 6.6% increase in referrals by outpatient staff to intervention CBOs between baseline and follow up (p=0.027) Outpatient staff reported a significant reduction in barriers related to the lack of information about CBO services 18.3% p=0.004) and an increase in confidence in community resources +14.4% p=0.023) from baseline to follow up.  The intervention did not improve healthcare utilization outcomes but was associated with increased healthcare staff knowledge of, and confidence in, local CBOs.

title: Physical seismic vulnerability assessment of neighborhood emphasizing on critical land uses
abstract: The purpose of this paper is to identify the vulnerable factors in the neighborhood and vulnerability assessment of residential, medical center, school buildings, the road networks and the green spaces as vital and critical land uses to get general estimation of the situation for risk reduction planning.  Seismic vulnerability assessment of buildings was performed using the rapid visual screening data collection form of FEMA P 154 (2015) The assessment of the road was carried out using an empirical model, and the condition of the green spaces was assessed complying with standards using GIS.  The results of research indicated that about 37 percent of selected residential buildings, 81.08 percent of schools and two health care centers are likely to be vulnerable to earthquake.  Based on the results of this study, many of the structures should be further evaluated. Strengthening of poor resistant elements of the roads is recommended and must be in order. Although the green spaces are well distributed in the neighborhood, they are ill equipped of necessary facilities and their development is also recommended.