Query: The economic impact of tourism in uk

title: The economic impact of tourism across regions and nations of the UK
abstract: SUMMARYThis article reports on work undertaken by the Tourism Intelligence Unit (TIU)1, based within Office for National Statistics (ONS) to measure the economic impact of tourism at the regional level. The methodologies and data analysis presented look at the demand and supply components of tourism with the aim of providing a reliable measure of the regional Gross Value Added (GVA) of tourism. Two measures of GVA have been identified as international best practise2. GVA of the tourism related industries (GVA TI) provides a robust measure of the total supply side value of those industries which meet the demand of tourists (as well as of residents) However, Tourism Direct Gross Value Added (TD GVA) is recommended as the principle indicator of the regional value of tourism as it moderates the value TD GVA in the light of the proportion of consumption made by tourists (as distinct from consumption made by residents in those industries)

title: Title: Measuring Economic Impact of Tourism toward Poverty Alleviation in Indonesia: An Input Output Analysis
abstract: The role of tourism as an important motor in the economic has been recognized worldwide in the past decades, and is forecasted to grow robustly in many regions and countries. According to ILO (2013) in 2012 travel and tourism were estimated to have generated about 9 per cent of global GDP, represented 6% of total exports of goods and services, and accounted for more than 260 million jobs which equivalent to about 8.7% of the overall number of jobs (direct and indirect) or one in every 11 jobs. Its labor intensive, employmentgenerating, and locally established characteristics encourage women participation in the workforce in many countries, as well as for youth employment, migrant workers, and rural population (ILO, 2013) provide opportunities for creating self employment in small and medium size income generating activities (UNWTO, 2014) and community based enterprises (UNWTO and SNV, 2010) in developing countries and as alternative sources of income (Office for National Statistics of the UK, 2013) and therefore with regard to the supply chain in tourism, one job in the core tourism industry indirectly generates 1.5 additional jobs in the related economy (ILO, 2013)

title: Understanding the Economic Impact of Tourism a Comparative Analyses
abstract: The combined effects of major expenditures on investments in infrastructure and the associated influx of visitors mean that tourism can have significant impacts, both positive and negative, on an economy, on its culture, and on the environment. In practice, the dominant motive for the development of tourism is economic (improvements in employment, incomes and exports) but the very process of developing tourism will impose costs elsewhere. While recognizing the variety of different impacts that tourism may have, this discussion will focus particular attention on the economic impact of tourism. Economic benefits are probably the main reason why so many countries are interested in the development of tourism and the contribution of tourism to the world economy is considerable. The purpose of this paper is to examine the main economic costs and benefits associated with tourism and to highlight the difficulties associated with their measurement. Having highlighted the potential economic contribution of tourism, we will then examine the role played by tourism satellite accounts in providing a consistent and reliable source of information on the economic dimensions of tourism. Finally, the use of economic impact modelling techniques will be introduced to present an integrated framework for the evaluation of the economic impact of tourism. The Economic Benefits of Tourism. Before discussing the various economic benefits of tourism in detail, it is perhaps appropriate to clarify the current position of tourism in the world economy. Arguably, tourism is the second largest industry in the world; estimates from the World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC) suggest that it generates around 200 million jobs world wide and accounts for 10 of global GDP [7] Although there may be debates about the precise scale of tourism's impact on the world economy, few would argue with the view that it does make a major contribution. The scale of that contribution will vary considerably across countries partly because the extent of domestic tourism will vary and partly because the numbers and spending of international visitors will also vary. Relatively speaking, the impact of international visitors is probably greater than the impact of domestic tourists, although the importance of the latter should not be underestimated and for many large countries (e.g. US, Brazil, India) domestic tourism is (c) Nedelea A. Elmazi L. Totska O. 2008 ROZDIL V. Regional'na ekonomika. 7, 2008 239 often of far greater economic significance than international tourism. Some indication of the scale and variation in international tourist arrivals and spending is given in tables 1 and 2. In particular, Europe attracts almost half of the revenue generated by international tourism and France in particular attracts the largest number of visitors of any single country worldwide. Table 1 International Tourism Receipts (US billion)

title: Impact of economic factors and a political conflict on international tourism demand in Nepal: a vector error correction model
abstract: A vector error correction model (VECM) was used to determine short and long term relationships of the number of international tourists visiting Nepal during 1962 2012 with gross domestic product (GDP) per capita in China, India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, the UK, and the USA; exchange rate of Nepalese rupee (NPR) to the US dollar (USD) and Maoist insurgency. Three foreign economies, India, Sri Lanka, and the USA, had a short term associations with the annual international tourist arrivals in Nepal. In the long term, economic growth in Nepal, Sri Lanka, and the USA was associated with international arrivals in Nepal, whereas the economic growth in China, India, and the UK had no long term associations. The Maoist insurgency had a negative association with international tourist arrivals in the short term, but the relationship was ambiguous in the long term. Nepal's short term tourism policies should focus on a strategic marketing in regional countries such as China, India, and Sri Lanka, whereas long term policies should focus on improving Nepal's safety perception and marketing efforts in all countries with a substantial economic growth.

title: The impact of financial, macroeconomic and non economic factors on the hospitality industry in Spain and the UK
abstract: Hospitality, as the major sector within the tourism industry, has been widely studied around the world. However, there has not been as much research done on the factors influencing on hotel stock performance in Europe. This master's thesis is investigating the relationship between financial, macroeconomic and non economic factors and the stock returns of the hospitality industry in Spain and the UK to provide a practical guideline for investors in the hospitality market. Within this study, two financial variables, four macroeconomic variables and seven non economic variables are selected as the explanatory variables whereas the two countries' hotel stock returns are chosen as the dependent variables, summarized by a hotel price index. The regression results show us that the unemployment rate is a significantly negative factor influencing the hotel stock returns while the hotel stock returns in both Spain and the UK are significantly affected by all the selected non economic factors. The results are consistent with the empirical study of Chen et al. (2005) which investigated the macroeconomic and non macroeconomic forces on the stock returns of the Taiwanese hospitality industry. In a further step, the non economic factors have stronger effects than the financial and macroeconomic factors in both countries whereas the stock performance of the hospitality industry in Spain is more sensitive than it in the UK to the financial, macroeconomic and non economic factors. The impact of financial, macroeconomic and non economic factors on the hospitality industry in Spain and the UK 3

title: Artificial Intelligence in the Business of Tourism: A Market Strategy in the UK Travel Distribution
abstract: 2018 dissertation for MSc. International Business Management. Selected by academic staff as a good example of a masters level dissertation. This study explains the current interest of travellers and business of tourism in Artificial Intelligence. It takes into account how Artificial intelligence disrupts the travel distribution. And, how it impacts on tourist behaviour. The methodology approach in this study employs a descriptive data analysis. It describes the data of UK traveller outbound behaviour and the economic performance of TUI Plc. Thomas Cook Plc. and Booking.com. Besides, the methodology approach includes Critical Realism. It provides a philosophical explanatory of the impact. This study, concludes that the application of Arti cial Intelligence in the business of tourism disrupt the travel distribution. It is in the form of the new Intelligent Travel Agents (ITA) But their services a=ect travellers heuristics and intuition negatively. It displaces travellers learning and discover new products and services. Finally, this study makes recommendations. First, it all proposes recommendations to the management of Intelligent Travel Agents. It suggests to match its products and services through Market bound Self reinforcing Mechanism. It would create a strategy for developing new traveller segments. It also recommends that Corporate Social Responsibility (CRS) should be at the heart of the Intelligent Travel Agents.

title: Medical tourism trends in the United Kingdom 2000 2016
abstract: The purpose of this study is to investigate the inbound and outbound medical tourism in the UK to determine if the UK can be considered as a net exporter of health services as well as the impact of the 2007 global economic crisis, diaspora populations and the number of UK expats on medical tourism figures.,Using microdata drawn from the International Passenger Survey (2000 2016) the authors estimate the flows, number of nights and expenditure of tourists looking for medical treatment who complete international visits of less than 12 months' duration to and from the UK. The authors also analyse the main destinations of UK residents, the country of origin of overseas residents and the particular case of British expats.,The results show the upward trend of inbound and outbound patients, the strong seasonality in outbound patients, and the significant increase in the levels of expenditure of overseas residents since 2005. Poland, France, Hungary and India are the chosen countries by UK residents to be treated, whereas Irish Republic, Spain, France, Gibraltar and the United Arab Emirates are the main countries providing inbound health patients. However, the processes of migration explain full or partly the inbound and outbound flows found for some countries.,This study offers a critical insight into inbound and outbound medical flows, demonstrating both the scope for and limitations to market development in this area.

title: The economic impact of historic vehicle events: the case of the 2010 London to Brighton veteran car run
abstract: 'Historic motor vehicle event tourism' is a process by which individuals and groups travel to take part as participants, competitors or spectators in events focused on heritage motor vehicles. In this context 'historic' and 'heritage' vehicles are defined as those manufactured more than 30 years ago. Such vehicles have usually been retired from the purpose for which they were built and are now being preserved for posterity. The historic vehicle movement has significant implications for tourism. Despite this little academic consideration has been given to the actual impact of historic vehicle events on communities. Such events can be important tourist attractions but appear to exist on the margins of tourism research. In order to understand how historic vehicle events can impact local communities research was initiated to assess and understand the economic impact of the 2010 London to Brighton Veteran Car Run on the City of Brighton and Hove on the south coast of the UK.

title: Impact of the macro environment: An examination of the economic propensity of UK regional markets for tourism to Scotland
abstract: Forecasting UK domestic tourists to Scotland is never an exact science, but in order to see into the future it is important to understand the correlation between economic performance and tourism revenues. In order to do this, VisitScotland, the national tourism agency for Scotland, uses econometrics (the Moffat model) VisitScotland is pro jecting a robust performance for UK tourism in Scotland up to 2008, based upon a stable housing market, a tight labour market and low interest rates. Therefore Scottish tourism domestic revenues should rise from PS4.1bn in 2005 to PS4.4bn in 2008 in terms of real expenditure (excluding inflation) This paper sets out to explain this forecast. The forecasts are based upon economic conditions and represent the opportunity for tourism; they do not account for shocks such as 9/11 or extreme weather conditions. Such projections are used as a guide to the future, rather than the exact future.

title: UK Tourism Industry during the Economic Crisis
abstract: The UK has a developed tourist infrastructure and is one of the most visited countries in Europe and the world. The most important factor affecting the attendance of the country is its cultural and historical heritage. However, the economic crisis has had its negative impact on the prosperous economics of this industry. Carrying out the reform of the sphere of culture and tourism in the framework of the austerity measures, British government tried to cut funding for public institutions of this sphere, forcing them to increase the share of private funding in their budgets. However, today, before the industry faces challenges related to the need to maintain leadership in the global market. The article deals with the state policy in relation to the tourism industry in the face of increasing competition and of economic downturn.