Query: technonlogy Embeddedness

title: Integrating embeddedness with dynamic capabilities in the internationalisation of fashion retailers
abstract: The paper presents an integration of the theoretical approaches of embeddedness and dynamic capabilities. Based on in depth interviews with key informants of international fashion retail companies we show that dynamic capabilities enhance different types of embeddedness at different levels. Generic dynamic capabilities of adaptability and knowledge management play a role as they affect retailer specific capabilities and societal, network and territorial forms of embeddedness. Integrating the two theoretical approaches provides new and deeper understanding of the nature of retail internationalization.

title: Why do self initiated expatriates quit their jobs: The role of job embeddedness and shocks in explaining turnover intentions
abstract: Retaining self initiated expatriates is a challenge for many organizations. Self made expatriates tend to be mobile. They are willing to manage their own careers and to take up opportunities to live and work in countries of their own choice. Despite their importance as a source of human capital there are few studies on the work experiences of self initiated expatriates and on the factors that affect their decisions to stay or leave their jobs. This article examined the effects of both job embeddedness and shocks on the turnover intention of self initiated expatriates. Drawing on a sample of 204 self initiated expatriates working in public healthcare organizations in the United Arab Emirates we found that both on the job embeddedness and shocks played a key role in predicting turnover intentions. The study also revealed that off the job embeddedness moderated the relationship between shock and turnover intentions such that self initiated expatriates were more likely to consider leaving their organizations when they were firmly embedded in their community. We discuss the practical and theoretical implications of these findings.

title: Do ongoing networks block out new friends? Reconciling the embeddedness constraint dilemma on new alliance partner addition
abstract: This study addresses a theoretical dilemma regarding how alliance network constraint (reflected by network cohesion) affects a firm's alliance formation with new partners. Using a network pluralism approach, we separate a firm's ego alliance network into two activity based networks an exploratory network and an exploitative network based on the primary value chain activity involved in each alliance. We argue that the cohesion of exploratory or exploitative networks has an inverted U shaped effect on the addition of new partners in the same activity based network, and a positive effect on the addition of new partners in the other network. Results based on data from the biotechnology industry largely support our predictions with one exception. Our study contributes to both scholarly understanding of network embeddedness and alliance practice.  The structure of firms' ongoing alliance networks may have paradoxical implications for their efforts to search for and form alliance with new partners. That is, when a firm's alliance partners are tightly connected with each other, the cohesive network tends to both encourage and impede the focal firm to add new partners. We resolve this dilemma by showing that when a firm is deeply entrenched in a cohesive alliance network conducting a certain type of activities (e.g. R&D activities) it may not easily add new R&D alliance partners. However, it may still be able to escape from the cohesive R&D alliance network by seeking new partners conducting other activities (e.g. manufacturing activities)

title: Inclusive Business at the Base of the Pyramid: The Role of Embeddedness for Enabling Social Innovations
abstract: Inclusive businesses that combine profit making with social impact are claimed to hold the potential for poverty alleviation while also creating new entrepreneurial and innovation opportunities. Current research, however, offers little insight on the processes through which for profit business organizations introduce social innovations that can profitably create social impact. To understand how social innovations emerge and become sustained in business organizations, we studied a telecom firm in Kenya that successfully extended financial services across the country through a number of mobile banking innovations. Our qualitative analysis revealed the strong role of being embedded in local networks and structures for initiating and implementing social innovations. Strong embeddedness enhanced the pragmatic and ethical imperative for internalizing social issues, but also provided access to diverse resources for implementing and legitimizing social innovations. However, hybridization processes that emphasized social issues introduced organizational tensions by increasing goal diversity and requiring adapting organizational processes and structures. The case shows how developing a mission driven identity enabled the sustenance of social innovations by providing a meta narrative that bridged goal diversities and rationalized organizational change.

title: Antecedents of organizational and community embeddedness: The roles of support, psychological safety, and need to belong
abstract: Defining embeddedness as a psychological construct that influences individuals to stay, we draw on conservation of resources theory to develop and test a model of the influence of contextual social support resources on both organizational and community forms of embeddedness. In addition to the direct relationship between support and embeddedness, we also assess the mediating influence of organizational and community psychological safety and the moderating impact of need to belong. Using a multisource sample of employees and coworkers (N 165) we found support for most of the hypotheses. Social support resources emanating from the organization and the community were positively associated with embeddedness in each domain, and psychological safety mediated these relationships. We also found that need to belong was an important boundary condition in the determination of organizational embeddedness. We discuss the theoretical contributions and practical implications of our findings.

title: Embeddedness, Pro Sociality, and Social Influence: Evidence from Online Crowdfunding
abstract: This paper examines how (1) a crowdfunding campaign's prosociality (the production of a public versus private good) (2) the social network structure (embeddedness) among individuals advocating for the campaign on social media, and (3) the volume of social media activity around a campaign jointly determine fundraising from the crowd. Integrating the emerging literature on social media and crowdfunding with the literature on social networks and public goods, we theorize that prosocially, public oriented crowdfunding campaigns will benefit disproportionately from social media activity when advocates' social media networks exhibit greater levels of embeddedness. Drawing on a panel dataset that combines campaign fundraising activity associated with more than 1,000 campaigns on Kickstarter with campaign related social media activity on Twitter, we construct network level measures of embeddedness between and amongst individuals initiating the latter, in terms of transitivity and topological overlap. We demonstrate that Twitter activity drives a disproportionate increase in fundraising for prosocially oriented crowdfunding campaigns when posting users' networks exhibit greater embeddedness. We discuss the theoretical implications of our findings, highlighting how our work extends prior research on the role of embeddedness in peer influence by demonstrating the joint roles of message features and network structure in the peer influence process. Our work suggests that when a transmitter's message is prosocial or cause oriented, embeddedness will play a stronger role in determining influence. We also discuss the broader theoretical implications for the literatures on social media, crowdfunding, crowdsourcing, and private contributions to public goods. Finally, we highlight the practical implications for marketers, campaign organizers, and crowdfunding platform operators.

title: Embeddedness and growth of small businesses in rural regions
abstract: This paper explores the development of local small businesses in rural peripheral regions compared to businesses in urban settings, and the impact of the local business' location and level of embeddedness on its growth, measured by the number of employees. The study was conducted using a mixed method sequential methodology, with a quantitative survey of 613 small rural and urban businesses in Israel, followed by 13 in depth interviews with rural entrepreneurs who were selected from the quantitative sample. This study found an advantage of double layered network embeddedness employed by rural business owners, i.e. both local and outside of the region, for the growth of small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) The contribution of this study is expansion of the concept of extra local embeddedness to enhance growth of SMEs in rural peripheral regions. The main theoretical contribution of this paper is the description of double layered network embeddedness employed by rural business owners, who are embedded in local and regional networks, alongside extra regional and national (extra local) networks, in an attempt to overcome some of the distance related obstacles of their location. Furthermore, our findings suggest that this type of embeddedness, as well as the embeddedness of family members in small businesses, can enhance the growth potential of the local businesses, as does the location of the business in the owner's home or in its close proximity. We propose a spatial model of the embeddedness of small rural businesses at various levels of proximity.

title: Nurses' turnover intention: The impact of leader member exchange, organizational identification and job embeddedness
abstract: The aim of this study was to examine the influence of three factors on turnover intention: leader member exchange quality, organizational identification and job embeddedness. This area of inquiry has not been fully investigated in the literature.  Employee turnover, particularly of professionals, becomes a very challenging issue. It continually affects organizations in terms of resourcing and developmental costs, manpower instability, day to day operations, perception of quality care and efficiency. Therefore, employees' working attitude and behaviour have drawn increasing attention for further research to determine which factors keep them with their employer.  A cross sectional survey was conducted with self report questionnaires.  Data were collected from 1,966 nurses from sixteen private general hospitals in Thailand during February June 2016. Hypotheses were tested and analysed by means of a confirmatory factor analysis, structural equation modelling and a bootstrapping procedure.  The results revealed the direct relationship between leader member exchange quality and job embeddedness. Organizational identification played an intermediary role that partially mediated the relationship between leader member exchange quality on job embeddedness. Analysis also provided support for the mediating effect of organizational identification and turnover intention through job embeddedness.  This study extends the job embeddedness theory and gains understanding of the antecedent factors that directly and indirectly cause employees to become embedded and lead to predict turnover intention. The findings are pertinent, as few studies have investigated such relationships. The implications provide insights into how organizations can better retain their workforce.

title: The overlooked role of embeddedness in disruptive innovation theory
abstract: Disruptive innovation theory assumes that primary and secondary performance dimensions as well as price influence adoption and use differently depending on the product category. Study 1 tests this premise using a large and heterogeneous sample of consumers. We surveyed 871 users in three traditional, high cost product categories (business software, video games, conventional TV) and three related, potentially disruptive, low cost product categories (mobile business apps, mobile games, internet TV) The study does not find systematic differences between the effects of more technologically oriented performance dimensions or price on adoption. Following an explanatory mixed methods approach, Study 2, which relies on 32 in depth interviews with consumers, shows that product embeddedness, a more socially oriented dimension, may play a decisive role in explaining the results. Embeddedness, defined as the degree to which a product is anchored in the social, market and technological system of the user, is an important moderator that complements extant theory and may thus help to better understand the dynamics of disruptive innovations.

title: Retaining nurses in a changing health care environment: The role of job embeddedness and self efficacy.
abstract: Because nurses are on the front lines of care delivery, they are subject to frequent changes to their work practices. This change laden environment puts nurses at higher risk for turnover. Given the frequent disruption to the way nurses perform their jobs, change related self efficacy (CSE) or confidence that one can handle change, may be vital to their retention.  The purpose of this article is to examine the roles of CSE and job embeddedness in reducing turnover intentions among nurses. Specifically, this article tests a model in which CSE is the intervening mechanism through which job embeddedness influences turnover intentions.  Drawing on a sample of 207 nurses working in the medical/surgical unit of a major metropolitan hospital in the United States, this study employs OLS regression to test for direct effects of job embeddedness and CSE on turnover intentions and bias corrected bootstrapping to test for the indirect effects of job embeddedness on turnover intentions through CSE.  Results show that CSE is directly linked to turnover intentions, and the effects of job embeddedness on turnover intentions become fully manifest through CSE. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Improved nurse retention may lead to stable patient care and less disruption in service delivery. Improved retention also benefits health care organizations financially, as costs of replacing a nurse can exceed 100% of the salary for the position. Given the shortage of nurses in some geographic areas, retention remains an important goal.