Query: Nanofibers in drug delivery system

title: Hydrocortisone/cyclodextrin complex electrospun nanofibers for a fast dissolving oral drug delivery system.
abstract: The electrospinning of hydrocortisone/cyclodextrin complex nanofibers was performed in order to develop a fast dissolving oral drug delivery system. Hydrocortisone is a water insoluble hydrophobic drug, yet, the water solubility of hydrocortisone was significantly enhanced by inclusion complexation with hydroxypropyl beta cyclodextrin (HP b CyD) In this study, hydrocortisone/HP b CyD complexes were prepared in aqueous solutions having molar ratios of 1/1, 1/1.5 and 1/2 (hydrocortisone/HP b CyD) Highly concentrated aqueous solutions of HP b CyD (180% w/v) were used for hydrocortisone/HP b CyD systems (1/1, 1/1.5 and 1/2) in order to perform electrospinning without the use of an additional polymer matrix. The turbidity of hydrocortisone/HP b CyD (1/1 and 1/1.5) aqueous solutions indicated the presence of some uncomplexed crystals of hydrocortisone whereas the aqueous solution of hydrocortisone/HP b CyD (1/2) was homogeneous indicating that hydrocortisone becomes totally water soluble by inclusion complexation with HP b CyD. Nonetheless, the electrospinning of hydrocortisone/HP b CyD systems (1/1, 1/1.5 and 1/2) successfully yielded defect free uniform nanofibrous structures. Moreover, the electrospinning process was quite efficient that hydrocortisone was completely preserved without any loss yielding hydrocortisone/HP b CyD nanofibers having the initial molar ratios (1/1, 1/1.5 and 1/2) The structural and thermal characterization of the hydrocortisone/HP b CyD nanofibers revealed that hydrocortisone was totally inclusion complexed with HP b CyD and was in the amorphous state in hydrocortisone/HP b CyD (1/2) nanofibers whereas some uncomplexed crystalline hydrocortisone was present in hydrocortisone/HP b CyD (1/1 and 1/1.5) nanofibers. Nevertheless, hydrocortisone/HP b CyD (1/1, 1/1.5 and 1/2) complex aqueous systems were electrospun in the form of nanofibrous webs having a free standing and flexible nature. The hydrocortisone/HP b CyD (1/1, 1/1.5 and 1/2) nanofibrous webs have shown fast dissolving behavior in water or when they were in contact with artificial saliva. Yet, the hydrocortisone/HP b CyD (1/2) nanofibrous web dissolved more quickly than the hydrocortisone/HP b CyD (1/1 and 1/1.5) nanofibrous webs due to the full inclusion complexation and the amorphous state of hydrocortisone in this sample. In short, the results suggest that polymer free electrospun nanofibrous webs produced from hydrocortisone/HP b CyD could be quite applicable for fast dissolving oral drug delivery systems.

title: Polymer Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticle Core Shell Nanofibers as a Dual Drug Delivery System for Guided Tissue Regeneration
abstract: Bioactive membranes with growth factors that mimic the physiological microenvironment of periodontal tissues have shown great potential for guided tissue regeneration (GTR) However, the loss of bioactivity and the uncontrolled drug release in conventional membranes limit their efficacy. In addition, membranes with local infection control ability would provide additional benefits to regeneration. In this work, nanoengineered membranes with growth factor and antibiotic delivery capabilities were developed to achieve dual functions for efficient GTR. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) with large pores with the ability to encapsulate and preserve the bioactivity of growth factors were used as the core, and antibiotics were loaded in shell nanofibers with coaxial electrospinning. A sustained release behavior of the growth factor was observed, and the nanoparticle encapsulated core shell nanofibers show better ontogenetic regeneration abilities toward bone marrow stromal cells, compared to current commercial Bio Gide membranes. In addition, the drug loaded nanocomposite core shell nanofibers showed excellent antibacterial properties toward Gram positive, Gram negative, and multispecies oral bacteria. The MSNs embedded core shell nanofiber system provides an attractive strategy to deliver dual drugs for GTR with better performance.

title: Smart releasing electrospun nanofibers poly L lactide fibers as dual drug delivery system for biomedical application.
abstract: An ongoing challenge in drug delivery systems for a variety of medical applications, including cardiovascular diseases, is the delivery of multiple drugs to address numerous phases of a treatment or healing process. Therefore an extended dual drug delivery system (DDDS) based on our previously reported cardiac DDDS was generated. Here we use the polymer poly(L lactide) (PLLA) as drug carrier with the cytostatic drug Paclitaxel (PTX) and the endothelial cell proliferation enhancing growth factor, human vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to overcome typical in stent restenosis complications. We succeeded in using one solution to generate two separate DDDS via spray coating (film) and electrospinning (nonwoven) with the same content of PTX and the same post processing for VEGF immobilisation. Both processes are suitable as coating techniques for implants. The contact angle analysis revealed differences between films and nonwovens. Whereas, the morphological analysis demonstrated nearly no changes occurred after immobilisation of both drugs. Glass transition temperatures (Tg) and degree of crystallinity (kh) show only minor changes. The amount of immobilised VEGF on nonwovens was over 300% higher compared to the films. Also, the nonwovens revealed a much faster and over three times higher PTX release over 70 days compared to the films. The almost equal physical properties of nonwovens and films allow the comparison of both DDDS independently of their fabrication process. Both films and nonwovens have significantly increased in vitro cell viability for human umbilical vein endothelial cells (EA.hy926) with dual loaded PTX and VEGF compared to PTX only loaded samples.

title: pH sensitive core shell electrospun nanofibers based on polyvinyl alcohol/polycaprolactone as a potential drug delivery system for the chemotherapy against cervical cancer
abstract: Abstract pH sensitive polyvinyl alcohol/polycaprolactone (PVA/PCL) core shell nanofibers were successfully fabricated by coaxial electrospinning method, in which PVA and PCL formed the core and shell layers, respectively. The core shell microstructure of the fibers was certified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) With the change of the feed ratio between PVA and PCL, there was little difference on the surface morphology of the fibers. FT IR results indicated that there was no chemical interaction between PVA and PCL in the fibers. The as prepared fibers can be used as a carrier for anticancer agent doxorubicin (DOX) which showed sustained and pH responsive release of the drug. In addition, the DOX loaded fibers presented excellent performance against cervical cancer Hela cells. Such pH sensitive nanofibers, which can degrade effectively in either acidic or neutral condition, have great potential for application in biomedical related fields.

title: Development of Ferulic Acid/Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complex Nanofibers for Fast Dissolving Drug Delivery System.
abstract: Production of electrospun nanofibrous mats of cyclodextrin inclusion complexes with the incorporation of drug molecules would enable promising designing of fast dissolving delivery systems (FDDS) for oral treatments. Here, the single step electrospinning technique has been applied to prepare cyclodextrin inclusion complex nanofibrous mats (CD IC NM) of ferulic acid from complete aqueous systems without using any polymeric matrix. The free standing ferulic acid/CD IC NM have been electrospun from two different modified cyclodextrin derivatives of hydroxypropyl beta cyclodextrin (HP b CD) and hydroxypropyl gamma cyclodextrin (HP g CD) The initial content of ferulic acid (1/1 ferulic acid/CD (molar ratio) and ~11 (w/w) has been protected in case of both ferulic acid/CD IC NM and so the electrospun nanofibrous mats have been fabricated by the ~100 loading efficiency. It has been detected from the in vitro release and disintegration tests that, the amorphous state of ferulic acid based on inclusion complex formation, and the highly porous feature and high surface area of nanofibrous mats have ensured the fast dissolution/release of ferulic acid and disintegration of nanofibrous mats into the liquid medium and artificial saliva. Herein, HP g CD has formed inclusion complexes with ferulic acid more favorably than HP b CD and this has leaded to the existence of some un complexed ferulic acid crystals in ferulic acid/HP b CD IC NM while, ferulic acid has been completely complexed and is in amorphous state in ferulic acid/HP g CD IC NM. Furthermore, the thermal stability of ferulic acid has been enhanced as an inclusion complexation aid observed by the shift of thermal degradation temperature of ferulic acid from the range of ~120 200 degC to ~140 280 degC.

title: Core Shell PVA/PVP FeOOH Nanofibers as a Potential Visible Light Responsive Drug Delivery System
abstract: The high surface area per unit volume and core shell configuration of electrospun nanofiber mat has a potential for drug delivery applications. Co axial electrospinning technique resolves the limitation in the traditional transdermal drug delivery materials allowing to load a larger concentration of therapeutic agents per unit mass of the polymer. Encapsulating the drug in the fiber core provides protection and prolonged drug release. In the present study mats of core shell PVA/PVP FeOOH nanofibers were successfully formed by the coaxial electrospinning process for the first time. The visible light responsive FeOOH drug carrier material was incorporated in fiber core to provide non invasive drug release on demand. The prepared materials posses visible light triggered release of organic methylene blue molecules.

title: Poly (e caprolactone)/poly (N vinyl 2 pyrrolidone) core shell nanofibers loaded by multi walled carbon nanotubes and 5 fluorouracil: an anticancer drug delivery system
abstract: Cancer is one of the most fatal diseases in the world. Chemotherapy and radiation therapy are conventional cancer treatments affecting healthy tissues and also have many side effects. Drug delivery systems based on nanofibers can be used as cancer drug carrier with the least side effects. 5FU is one of the most common medicines for many types of cancer. In this study, PCL/PVP core shell nanofibers containing MWCNTs were performed as 5FU carrier, which was loaded in core of these nanofibers. FESEM images showed all these core shell nanofibers are uniform and the average diameter was 300 400 nm. There was no interaction between components of nanofibers, and the presence of 5FU in nanofibers was confirmed. The presence of MWCNTs loaded in shell improved the tensile properties. The degradability of nanofibers was investigated, and it was improved by increasing PVP in nanofibers. The morphology change in nanofibers was investigated by FESEM images after degradation. The release behavior of nanofibers was studied. These nanofibers had sustained and prolonged release, and the optimum sample in which 85% of drug released after 528 h was used for cytotoxicity test. The drug release mechanism was modeled by various mathematical models and followed Fick's law. MTT assay on HeLa cell line showed that cell cytotoxicity of 5FU loaded nanofibers was 50.35% after 72 h. The non toxicity of carrier and efficacy of the drug loaded nanofibers mat on cervical cancer cell line were confirmed. This drug delivery system has the potential to perform as post surgical anticancer drug delivery system.

title: Core shell nanofibers from poly(vinyl alcohol) based biopolymers using emulsion electrospinning as drug delivery system for cephalexin drug
abstract: Cephalexin loaded electrospun nanofibers with core shell structures were prepared from poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) blended with various biopolymers such as chitosan (CH) carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) carboxymethyl starch (CMS) and hydroxyproyl cellulose (HPC) in PVA:biopolymer ratio of 90:10. The electrospun nanofiber mats were cross linked by heat treatment to avoid disintegration in water. Molecular interactions between the polymeric chains and the drug were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) The morphology of nanofiber mats was studied by field emission scanning electron microscope (FE SEM) and the core shell structure formation through emulsion electrospinning was confirmed by transmission electron microscope (TEM) and confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) The in vitro drug release profile was studied and the mechanism was determined through kinetic models using non linear regression methods. Drug release was gradual within the first 8 h. Furthermore, release predominantly occurred by a diffusion mechanism which makes this system suitable for wound healing treatment.

title: Electrospun polyacrylonitrile/cellulose acetate/MIL 125/TiO2 composite nanofibers as an efficient photocatalyst and anticancer drug delivery system
abstract: In the present study, the various amounts of MIL 125 NH2 metal organic framework (MOF)/TiO2 nanocomposite were incorporated into the polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/cellulose acetate (CA) (8:2 w/w) nanofibers. The performance of MIL 125 NH2/TiO2 nanocomposite loaded PAN/CA nanofibers was investigated for the removal of Doxorubicin HCl (DOX) and Cr(VI) during photocatalysis/adsorption method, controlled release of DOX and MCF 7 breast cancer cells death in vitro. The synthesized MIL 125 NH2 MOF, TiO2, MOF/TiO2 and MOF/TiO2 loaded nanofibers were characterized using X ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared, transmission electron microscopy, and Brunaure Emmet Teller analysis. The effect of MOF to TiO2 weight ratio, MOF/TiO2 content, pH, contact time, catalyst dosage, and initial concentrations of DOX and Cr(VI) solutions was evaluated on the photocatalytic removal of DOX molecules and Cr(VI) ions from aqueous solutions. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of synthesized PAN/CA//MIL 125 NH2/TiO2 nanofibers was found to be 244.5 and 273.3 mg g 1 for DOX and Cr(VI) sorption, respectively. The reusability of nanofibers was also examined after five runs. The sustained release of DOX from PAN/CA/MIL 125 NH2/TiO2 was obtained during 7 days. The maximum MCF 7 cells death percentage was found to be 68% in the presence of PAN/CA/MIL 125 NH2/TiO2 nanofibers.

title: Fast Dissolving Oral Drug Delivery System based on Electrospun Nanofibrous Webs of Cyclodextrin/Ibuprofen Inclusion Complex Nanofibers.
abstract: In this study, the polymer free electrospinning was performed in order to produce cyclodextrin/ibuprofen inclusion complex nanofibers, which could have potentials as fast dissolving oral drug delivery system. Ibuprofen is a poorly water soluble nonsteroidal anti inflammatory drug, but, the water solubility of ibuprofen can be significantly enhanced by inclusion complexation with cyclodextrins. Here, Hydroxypropyl beta cyclodextrin (HPbCyD) was chosen both as a nanofiber matrix and host molecule for inclusion complexation in order to enhance water solubility and fast dissolution of ibuprofen. Ibuprofen was inclusion complexed with HPbCyD in highly concentrated aqueous solutions of HPbCyD (200 w/v) having two different molar ratio; 1:1 and 2:1 (HPbCyD:ibuprofen) The HPbCyD/ibuprofen IC (1:1) aqueous solution was turbid having some undissolved/uncomplexed ibuprofen whereas HPbCyD/ibuprofen IC (2:1) aqueous solution was homogeneous and clear indicating that ibuprofen was totally complexed with HPbCyD and become water soluble. Then, both HPbCyD/ibuprofen IC solutions (1:1 and 2:1) were electrospun into bead free and uniform nanofibers having ~200 nm fiber diameter. The electrospun HPbCyD/ibuprofen IC nanofibers were obtained as nanofibrous webs having self standing and flexible character, which is appropriate for fast dissolving oral drug delivery systems. Ibuprofen was completely preserved during the electrospinning process and the resulting electrospun HPbCyD/ibuprofen IC nanofibers were produced without any loss of ibuprofen by preserving the initial molar ratio of 1:1 and 2:1 (HPbCyD:ibuprofen) X ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements indicated the presence of some crystalline ibuprofen in HPbCyD/ibuprofen IC (1:1) nanofibers whereas ibuprofen was totally in amorphous state in HPbCyD/ibuprofen IC (2:1) nanofibers. Nonetheless, both HPbCyD/ibuprofen IC (1:1 and 2:1) nanofibrous webs have shown very fast dissolving character when contacted with water or when wetted with artificial saliva. In brief, our results revealed that electrospun HPbCyD/ibuprofen IC nanofibrous webs have potentials as fast dissolving oral drug delivery systems.