Query: fsqca

title: The role of entrepreneurship, innovation, and urbanity diversity on growth, unemployment, and income: US state level evidence and an fsQCA elucidation
abstract: This study considers roles played by dimensions of entrepreneurship, innovation, and geography on United States (US) state level growth, unemployment, and income employing Fuzzy set Qualitative Comparative Analyses (fsQCA) One important developmental feature of the analyses is the use of a novel fuzzy membership score creation process, undertaken to calibrate the considered condition and outcome variables. Moreover, fuzzy cluster analyses are undertaken, using the fuzzy c means technique, on sets of constituent variables to produce sets of clusters interpretable to the relevant condition and outcome variables. A series of fsQCA investigations are undertaken across the different outcome variables of growth, unemployment, and income. The fsQCA results offer novel insights into variations in the US state level based outcome variables, and how dimensions of entrepreneurship, innovation, and the urbanity diversity of the states contribute to this. The novel applied and technical developments offer expanding ideas on this area of research.

title: Effectuation or causation: An fsQCA analysis of entrepreneurial passion, risk perception, and self efficacy
abstract: This paper enriches the literature on entrepreneurial decision making logic by investigating nascent entrepreneurs' use of effectuation and causation. The configurational effect of passion, entrepreneurial self efficacy, and risk perception is tested for causal and effectual decision making. The results, based on data gathered from 50 nascent entrepreneurs, show that, more than passion, entrepreneurial self efficacy, and risk perception alone, it is their combination that leads to the use of a causal and an effectual logic. This fsQCA based study thereby helps unravel some of the complexities behind entrepreneurs' choice of decision making logic.

title: (Re)examining the effects of athlete brand image (ABI) on psychological commitment: an empirical investigation using structural equation modelling (SEM) and fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA)
abstract: How does athlete brand image (ABI) affect psychological commitment (PC) when operationalised at the dimension (attribute level, and measured using reflective indicators? Previous studies operationalise ABI at a higher order construct level, and/or measure ABI using formative measures. Such operationalisations obscure potentially different relationships between ABI's image attributes and PC.  A questionnaire was used to collect data from 197 UK respondents over a six day period within two weeks of the Rio 2016 Olympics concluding. Data were analysed through structural equation modelling (SEM) and fuzzy set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) techniques.  Through SEM, the ABI attributes, athletic expertise, life story, role model, and competition style are positively related to PC, sportsmanship and symbol are negatively related, and rivalry, physical attractiveness, body fit, and relationship effort are nonsignificantly related. Many structural paths between ABI's attributes and PC are also significantly different. Through fsQCA, high PC exists under three complex ABI attribute configurations, while it is absent under four complex configurations.  Theoretically, finding different relationships between ABI's attributes and PC highlights why operationalising ABI at the dimension level provides a more in depth understanding of athlete brand image's effects on PC. Managerially, the findings suggest athletes need only a subset of ABI attributes for high PC. Subsequently, managers can more efficiently and effectively direct resources towards those attributes that best capitalise on athletes' images.

title: Authentic Leadership and Job Satisfaction: A Fuzzy Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA)
abstract: The relationship between leadership and job satisfaction has attracted considerable scientific interest, especially in relation to the quality of tourism businesses. This study investigated this relationship within the framework of authentic leadership. The study also explored differences between outsourced workers and internal hotel employees in terms of the influence of authentic leadership on job satisfaction. Fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) offered valuable new insight. This study was based on a sample of 58 heads of department of four/five star hotels in the Canary Islands, Spain. The results suggest that high levels of leadership in the four subscales of authentic leadership (balanced processing, relational transparency, self awareness, and internalized moral perspective) are sufficient to increase job satisfaction. The same outcome is achieved with high levels of balanced processing, even though it is accompanied by low transparency and low levels of internalized moral perspective. There are no major differences between outsourced workers and internal employees, except in terms of the importance of self awareness. These results can help hotel managers reflect upon leadership and can provide new approaches for scientific research in this area.

title: Understanding Clinician Satisfaction in Electronic Medication Management Systems: An fsQCA Approach

title: Impact of Political and Cultural Configuration on Enterprises' Innovation: A Study Based on fsQCA Approach
abstract: This study starts from the perspective of organizational culture and combines the characteristics of the policy environment based on the background of China's institutional transition. First, it integrates the external policy factors for enterprises with the internal innovation culture factors to build an integrated analysis framework to understand the differences in enterprise innovation performance. Second, 42 enterprises in Chongqing City and Jiangsu Province are analyzed by using configuration thinking and fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis, while the multiple concurrent factors and causal complex mechanisms affecting enterprise innovation are discussed. The results are as follows: (1) Single policy environment factor or organizational innovation culture factor cannot effectively stimulate enterprise innovation, so it is necessary to jointly influence innovation performance in interactive matching. (2) The innovation model with the interaction between the policy environment and the organizational innovation culture is the best choice for enterprises to achieve innovation incentives, and there are two types of innovation models that produce high innovation performance, namely the value oriented model and the internal and external collaborative model. Among them, the internal and external collaborative model plays a more important role in the improvement of enterprise innovation performance than the other. (3) There is one type of model that produces non high innovative performance, and it is not in opposition to the two types of innovation models that produce highly innovative performance. In other words, the non high innovative performance model cannot be used to derive the reasons for high innovation performance in a reverse way. This study contributes to the extant literature in three aspects: First of all, the conclusion expands the innovation perspective of the policy environment and organizational culture matching, opens the "black box" of the process of policy incentive transmission to the organization, helps to solve the dilemma of failure of innovation policy incentive from the micro level, and also enriches the discovery of organizational culture theory at the environmental level. Secondly, from the perspective of configuration, various modes to improve innovation performance are found, as well as the interdependence among various antecedent conditions. Finally, the asymmetry between configuration and condition enhances the explanatory power of innovation phenomenon, and makes up for the defect of the extant literature that cannot be applied to the explanation of innovation failure. Generally speaking, while revealing the linkage and matching relationships between policy conditions and organizational innovation culture on the circumstance of China's economical transitions, it not only helps researchers to fully understand the interdependence and causal complexity of enterprise innovation, but also provides ideas and solutions for managers to effectively use internal and external resources to stimulate innovation.

title: The Impact of Information Technology Capabilities of Manufacturing Enterprises on Innovation Performance: Evidences from SEM and fsQCA
abstract: With the development of national strategies (such as Industrial 4.0 and Made in China 2025) how to build digital enterprises and cultivate innovation capabilities of enterprises has become a critical problem to Chinese manufacturing enterprises. However, the literature on the specific path of information technology (IT) capabilities to the innovation of enterprises is still lacking a body of relevant empirical research. In particular, it has not yet thought to explore the information technology capabilities, digital transformation, and then innovation performance of manufacturing enterprises. By performing a questionnaire investigation for 138 Chinese manufacturing enterprises, this study adopted both a fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) and structural equation modeling (SEM) to explore the set relations of the conjunctions and conditions and the statistical associations by studying the relationships among information technology capabilities, digital transformation and innovation performance. The results show that the positive impacts of information technology capabilities on the process innovation performance and the digital transformation, as well as the positive impacts of digital transformation on both process innovation performance and product innovation performance. Specifically, digital transformation takes on a new function of partial mediation of IT capabilities and process innovation performance, and digital transformation functions as a complete mediator for IT capabilities and product innovation performance. The combinations of causal recipes related to innovation performance are provided by a fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) Through the analyses of SEM and fsQCA, this research develops the formation mechanisms of both process innovation performance and product innovation performance, and provides guidance for both IT and innovation management of manufacturing enterprises in China.

title: Comparing fsQCA with PLS SEM: predicting intended car use by national park tourists
abstract: Multivariate analysis techniques are always evolving in social sciences. We compared a new alternative approach called fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) with the conventional regression based approach called partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS SEM) by testing the models to predict the national park tourists' car use and car less use intentions. PLS SEM results were conditionally supported by fsQCA for car use intention, namely, pro driving norm and neutralization techniques have significant positive effects on tourists' car use intention. For car less use intention, fsQCA provided more nuanced information to predict high and low car less use intention. Considering their respective advantages and limitations, these two approaches could be used complementarily in pro environmental behavior research.

title: The Influence of Leader Encouragement of Creativity on Innovation Speed: Findings from SEM and fsQCA
abstract: Adopting the empowerment perspective of leadership, this study proposes and examines the mediating model that leader encouragement of creativity affects innovation speed through strengthening employees' engagement in the creative process. Using a sample of 245 participants in China, the results from structural equation modeling (SEM) suggest that the impact of leader encouragement of creativity on innovation speed is significantly mediated by creative process engagement, and positively moderated by organizational ambidexterity at the same time. Additionally, the results from fuzzy set comparative qualitative analysis (fsQCA) with the same data set reveal that the aforementioned factors have a holistic effect on enhancing innovation speed. The results of fsQCA reinforce and refine the findings of the SEM analysis concerning the limits and conditions for how leader encouragement of creativity affects innovation speed.

title: Configurations of Big Data Analytics for Firm Performance: An fsQCA approach
abstract: With big data analytics growing rapidly in importance, academics and practitioners have been considering the means through which they can incorporate the shifts these technologies bring into their competitive strategies. Early empirical evidence suggests that big data analytics can enhance a firm's performance; yet, there is a lack of understanding on complementary organizational factors coalesce to drive performance gains, under what conditions they are more appropriate, as well as how they can complement a firm's dynamic capabilities under turbulent and fast paced market conditions. To address this question, this study builds on the big data analytics capability literature and examines the fit between big data analytics resources and governance practices, dynamic capabilities, and environmental conditions in driving performance gains. Survey data from 175 chief information officers and IT managers working in Greek firms is analyzed by means of fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) Results show that that different configurations of resources, practices, and external factors coalesce to drive performance gains. We show that there are multiple configurations that can lead in high and low levels of performance.