Query: Social media  addiction

title: Identifying commonalities and differences in personality characteristics of Internet and social media addiction profiles: traits, self esteem, and self construal
abstract: Excessive use of the Internet and social media has been associated with behavioural addiction, which sparked the researchers' interest in gaining a better understanding of this global phenomenon. The aim of this study was to fill a gap in knowledge by using just one sample to identify similarities and differences in relationships between technology addictions and personality characteristics, especially traits, self esteem, and self construal. The sample consisted of 512 undergraduate students. The results showed that Internet addiction and social media addiction shared many more similarities than differences. Agreeableness, conscientiousness, openness to experiences, emotional stability, self esteem, the frequency of checking account, and Internet usage were predictors of both Internet addiction and social media addiction. Age, satisfaction with life, and interdependent self construal did not predict Internet addiction or social media addiction, whereas real self and extraversion predicted Internet addiction only, and gender, posting updates, a number of friends, and independent self construal predicted social media addiction only. These results provide some basis for an understanding of Internet and social media addiction profiles.

title: A hybrid SEM neural network analysis of social media addiction
abstract: Social media has been a phenomenon but it is a double edge sword that can bring about negative effects such as social media addiction. Nevertheless, very less attention has been given in unveiling the determinants of social media addiction. In this study, artificial intelligence and expert systems were applied through a hybrid SEM artificial neural network approach to predict social media addiction. An integrated model of the Big Five Model and Uses and Gratification Theory was validated based on a sample of 615 Facebook users. Unlike existing social media studies that used SEM, in this study, we engaged a hybrid SEM ANN approach with IPMA as the additional analysis. The new SEM IPMA ANN analysis is a novel methodological contribution where useful conclusion can be drawn based on not only the construct's importance but also its performance in prioritizing managerial actions. Primary focus will be given in improving the performance of constructs that exhibit huge importance with relatively low performance. Based on the normalized importance of the ANN analysis using multilayer perceptrons with feed forward back propagation algorithm, we found nonlinear relationships between neuroticism and social media addiction. This is a significant finding as previously only linear relationships were found. In addition, entertainment is the strongest predictor followed by agreeableness, neuroticism, hours spent and gender. The artificial neural network is able to predict social media addiction with an 86.67% accuracy. The new methodology and findings from the study will give huge impacts to the extant literature of expert systems and artificial intelligence generally and social media addiction specifically. We discussed the methodological, theoretical and practical contributions of the study.

title: Measurement invariance across young adults from Hong Kong and Taiwan among three internet related addiction scales: Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS) Smartphone Application Based Addiction Scale (SABAS) and Internet Gaming Disorder Scale Short Form (IGDS SF9) (Study Part A)
abstract: Internet addiction has been found to be prevalent worldwide, including Asian countries, and related to several negative outcomes and other behavioral addictions. The Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS) Smartphone Application Based Addiction Scale (SABAS) and nine item Internet Gaming Disorder Scale Short Form (IGDS SF9) have been extensively used to assess internet related addictions. However, the three aforementioned instruments have rarely been used in Asian countries. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the BSMAS, SABAS, and IGDS SF9 were appropriate for use in heterogeneous subsamples from Hong Kong and Taiwan. University students from Hong Kong (n 306) and Taiwan (n 336) were recruited via an online survey. Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (MGCFA) was used to assess measurement invariance of the BSMAS, SABAS, and IGDS SF9 across the two subcultures. The original unidimensional structures of BSMAS, SABAS and IGDS SF9 were confirmed through confirmatory factorial analysis in both subcultures. The MGCFA results showed that the unidimensional structures of the BSMAS and IGDS SF9 were invariant across the two Chinese cultural areas (Hong Kong and Taiwan) However, the measurement invariance of the SABAS was established after some model modifications. In conclusion, the present study found that the Chinese BSMAS, SABAS, and IGDS SF9 were all adequate instruments to validly assess internet related addictions among university students. The three brief instruments used for assessing addictions to social media, smartphone applications, and online gaming are valid and psychometrically robust across two Chinese subcultures and can be used by healthcare professionals in these regions.

title: Time invariance of three ultra brief internet related instruments: Smartphone Application Based Addiction Scale (SABAS) Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS) and the nine item Internet Gaming Disorder Scale Short Form (IGDS SF9) (Study Part B)
abstract: Given the many technological advances over the past two decades, a small minority of young people are at risk of problematic use or becoming addicted to these technologies (including activities on the internet and smartphones) Many brief psychometric scales have been developed to assess those at risk of problematic use or addiction including the six item Smartphone Application Based Addiction Scale [SABAS] the six item Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale [BSMAS] and the nine item Internet Gaming Disorder Scale Short Form [IGDS SF9] However, to date, the reproducibility of these three scales has only been examined over a short period of time (e.g. two weeks) and it is unclear whether they are time invariant across a longer period (e.g. three months) Given the emergence of internet and smartphone addiction in Chinese population, the present study translated the three instruments into Chinese and recruited 640 university students (304 from Hong Kong [99 males] and 336 from Taiwan [167 males] to complete the three scales twice (baseline and three months after baseline) Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (MGCFA) was applied to examine the time invariance. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to assess the relative reliability, and the percentage of smallest real difference (SRD% was utilized to explore the absolute reliability for the three scales. MGCFA showed that all three scales were time invariant across three months. ICC demonstrated that all the scales were satisfactory in reproducibility (0.82 to 0.94) and SRD% indicated that all the scales had acceptable measurement noise (23.8 to 29.4) In conclusion, the short, valid, reliable, and easy to use Chinese SABAS, BSMAS, and IGDS SF9 show good properties across periods of three months.

title: Social media addiction in romantic relationships: Does user's age influence vulnerability to social media infidelity?
abstract: Compulsive social media use has repercussions on the users' social, psychological, professional, and personal lives. The availability of online romantic alternatives disguised as 'friends' provide a ripe environment that can facilitate an emotional and/or sexual affair. Online interactions with virtual friends consume users' attention and distract them from spending time with their significant other, which leads to adverse relationship outcomes. In this study, we examined the relationship between social media addiction and infidelity related behaviors in a sample of 365 partners (242 females, 123 males) We also explored if age influences this connection. The findings suggest that SNSs addiction predicts SNSs infidelity related behaviors and age moderates this relationship. The study also finds that a age is negatively related with SNSs addiction and SNSs related infidelity. Implications and limitations of the study are discussed.

title: The role of the dark tetrad and impulsivity in social media addiction: Findings from Malaysia
abstract: The use of social media platforms is now the cornerstone of communication. Nevertheless, seemingly innocuous habitual social media use may be a signal of behavioural addiction. This study examined the relationships among the Dark Tetrad personality traits (psychopathy, narcissism, Machiavellianism, sadism) impulsivity, and social media addiction. One hundred and twenty eight Malaysian university students completed the GoStop Impulsivity Paradigm task, a laboratory behavioural measure of impulsivity. Participants also completed the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale, the Short Dark Triad, and the Assessment of Sadistic Personality. Data on participants' average daily time spent on social media and the number of applications they had were retrieved from their smartphones. Correlation analyses showed that average daily screen time and psychopathy were positively associated with social media addiction. Regression analyses revealed that being a female, having spent more time on social media, and scoring higher on the psychopathy scale were related to greater levels of addiction. Apart from having a positive correlation with the number of social media applications users had, impulsivity was not associated with any of the variables of interest. This study highlights the importance of a multi measurement approach to assessing the psycho socio demographic variables implicated in the initiation, development, and maintenance of addictive behaviours.

title: Social media addiction: Its impact, mediation, and intervention
abstract: This research examined the relations of social media addiction to college students' mental health and academic performance, investigated the role of self esteem as a mediator for the relations, and further tested the effectiveness of an intervention in reducing social media addiction and its potential adverse outcomes. In Study 1, we used a survey method with a sample of college students (N 232) and found that social media addiction was negatively associated with the students' mental health and academic performance and that the relation between social media addiction and mental health was mediated by self esteem. In Study 2, we developed and tested a two stage self help intervention program. We recruited a sample of college students (N 38) who met criteria for social media addiction to receive the intervention. Results showed that the intervention was effective in reducing the students' social media addiction and improving their mental health and academic efficiency. The current studies yielded original findings that contribute to the empirical database on social media addiction and that have important theoretical and practical implications.

title: A latent profile approach for the study of internet gaming disorder, social media addiction, and psychopathology in a normative sample of adolescents
abstract: For a small minority of individuals, the overuse of digital technologies has been associated with negative factors, including psychological distress and psychopathological symptoms. Two technology based addictions internet gaming disorder (IGD) and social media addiction (SMA) have been found to be related to comorbid disorders and impulsivity especially in adolescents and emerging adults' populations, but results in this field are inconclusive Purpose Using the latent profile analysis (LPA) this study identified different profiles of adolescents characterized by unique patterns of psychopathological risks, and similar levels of impulsivity, IGD, and SMA.  A total of 643 participants (312 males; Mage =16.02 years) were divided into three age groups (early, mid and late adolescence) They completed a battery of scales comprising: Internet Gaming Disorder Scale Short Form, Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale, Barratt Impulsiveness Scale for Adolescents, and Symptom Checklist 90 R. Results LPAs revealed distinct profiles across early, mid and late adolescence with regards to the psychopathological variables taken into account. Specifically, only two profiles were identified in the 14 15 year age group, whereas three profiles emerged in the 16 17 year age group.  This study highlighted that the profiles identified in each age group differed in terms of psychopathological risk (low, medium and high) showing instead similar (and non clinical) scores in technology based addictions and impulsivity. Results could be useful in designing prevention and intervention programs in youth showing similar patterns for technology based addictions, but different levels of psychopathological symptoms.

title: Social media addiction: Applying the DEMATEL approach
abstract: While there is a growing number of studies investigating the determinants of social media addiction, there is a lack of research on examining the importance of such predictors and their inter correlations and inter dependences from psychotherapists' and researchers' point of views. Hence, utilizing the "Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL)" technique, the current study investigated the clinical importance of social media addiction from the perspective of researchers and psychotherapists. Accordingly, by reviewing the literature 15 distal predictors of social media addiction were extracted and further classified into three groups of personality factors, comorbid symptoms, and psychosocial factors. From the data collected from 35 respondents, the results highlighted the group of personality factors as the most important dimension increasing the risk for developing social media addiction from the respondents' perspective. Moreover, the DEMATEL results revealed the predictors of openness to experience (personality dimension) loneliness (psychosocial) and depression (comorbid) as the most important predictors of social media addiction within each group. The results and implications of the study are discussed.

title: The Relationship between Social Media Addiction and Self Esteem among Turkish University Students
abstract: To cite this article: Buran Kose, O. Dogan, A. (2018) The relationship between social media addiction and self esteem among Turkish university students.  The Turkish Journal on Addictions, 6, 175 190. http:/dx.doi.org/10.15805/addicta.2019.6.1.0036 1 Correspondence to: Ozge Buran Kose, Psychology Department, Faculty of Economic, Administrative and Social Sciences, Nisantasi University, Sariyer, Istanbul Turkey.  ozgeburan@gmail.com 2 Psychology Department, Faculty of Economic, Administrative and Social Sciences, Nisantasi University, Sariyer, Istanbul Turkey.   Social media occupies more and more space in the daily lives of contemporary young adults. As online interactions have become more common than face to face interactions, social media has started to majorly impact individuals' ways of living, communication, language, interests, and psychology. Even though social media and internet addiction are not defined as behavioral addictions among the DSM diagnostic criteria due to lack of scientific proof, its stages (conflict, relapse, etc. reveal themselves as behavioral addictions like shopping or gambling addictions. The aim of this study is to indicate the psychological dimensions of social media addiction in young adults, to point out their significance, and to produce scientific proofs for the literature, which are needed. In processing the data, normality tests have been applied. Women are more addicted to social media for the purposes of mood modification and being occupied. Social media addiction levels increase alongside increases in the number of Instagram followers. In addition, fake account owners and stalkers are more addicted to social media than others. Meanwhile, a moderate, negative correlation exists between self esteem levels and social media addiction. The correlation coefficient increases for users who have more than 500 followers in the categories of relapse and conflict.