Query: Grammatical problems in arabic into english translation

title: PROBLEMATIZING LEXICO GRAMMATICAL EQUIVALENCE IN ARABIC ENGLISH TRANSLATION
abstract: This study deals with the concept of grammatical equivalence in Arabic English translation. It investigates the problems that encounter student translators (STs) while translating grammatical constructions from Arabic into English. It is based on a parallel corpus of the translations of five groups of STs at the Department of English, Faculty of Arts, Taiz University, Yemen. The STs are doing their final year and by the time of the administration of the tasks, they had already studied 4 translation courses. The study concluded that the structural and morphological differences between Arabic and English have created various problems for the STs. Following Systemic Functional Grammar (SFG) the grammatical problems at the ideational, interpersonal, textual and logico semantic metafunctions were identified. The study concluded that the STs encountered various problems in terms of transitivity, modality, thematic structures, logical dependency and logico semantic relations between the clauses. Those problems have not only affected the stylistic and grammatical aspects of the target texts, but they have sometimes yielded a meaning different from the one intended by the author(s)

title: GRAMMATICAL ERRORS MADE BY TRANSLATION STUDENTS WHEN TRANSLATING ARABIC ENVIRONMENTAL TEXT INTO ENGLISH
abstract: The current study aims at analyzing the grammatical errors or mistakes made by translation students at English Department (ED) at Jadara University in Jordan. To achieve the purpose of this study, a validated and reliable scientific Arabic text of environmental text as a test was used. It was given to a sample consists of 20 translation students, and the sample was selected randomly from ED. The students were asked to translate the Arabic environmental text into English. The results reveal the most common grammatical problems found are the problem of "Wrong Word Usage" that has achieved the first rank, followed by the use of the "Subject Verb Agreement" and then the problem of "Sentence Fragment" that has got the third rank. The last rank is for the problems of "Pronouns" and "Verb To Be" In the light of study's results, a number of recommendations and further researches were set up.

title: LEXICAL AND GRAMMATICAL INTERFERENCE IN THE TRANSLATION OF WRITTEN TEXTS FROM ARABIC INTO ENGLISH
abstract: This study aimed to explore interference in translating written texts from Arabic into English. The study raised the question: What problems arise from the interference of Arabic when translating different written texts from Arabic into English? To achieve the goal of the study and answer this question, the researchers analyzed students' errors in written translation texts. Results showed that the problems that arise from interference are lexical and grammatical. The results also showed that these kinds of interference occurred because of students' lack of knowledge and awareness of the source and target languages. The study recommends that further research may be conducted on other types of interference, such as cultural interference which occurs as a result of the differences between Arabic and English.

title: Investigating the Syntactic Difficulties which Encounter Translation Students at Irbid National University in Jordan from Arabic into English
abstract: The current study is aimed at investigating a number of syntactic difficulties that the Jordanian English students encountered in translating sentences from Arabic into English at Irbid National University (INU) A validated test of 20 Arabic sentences was given to a random sample of 20 students (2010 2011) to be translated into English. The difficulties were computed, analyzed, and categorized into syntactic problems (omission and addition, and grammar) The results revealed that the students committed 292 errors. The number of omission errors was 54, additions errors were 42, while the number of grammatical was 196 errors. In light of these results, a number of recommendations and suggestions had been set up. KeywordsSyntactic Problems, Irbid National University (INU) English Translation Students, Grammatical Errors. AWEJ Especial issue on Translation No. (2) 2013 Investigating the Syntactic Difficulties Al shehab Pramoolsook Qian Arab World English Journal www.awej.org ISSN: 2229 9327 130

title: Grammatical Parallelism in the Translation of Advertising Texts with Particular Reference to English and Arabic
abstract: Advertising is a specific genre which uses many techniques to persuade no matter the circumstances. One of the techniques used in advertising is grammatical parallelism. This study is generally intended to investigate and describe grammatical parallelism in the translation of advertising texts with particular reference to English and Arabic. The study should also provide an insight into the techniques of advertising in two different cultures in order to demonstrate that the cultural background is evident in advertising. Furthermore, the study will point up some of the main problems posed by the translation of advertising texts, taking into consideration that advertising translation, both production and products, is a part of a socio cultural system. We will also focus mainly on the textual part, particularly, grammatical parallelism in the translation of English and Arabic advertisements. We will draw in defining and describing grammatical parallelism on Jakobson model (1960)

title: An empirical study of problems faced by English Arabic translation professionals: a corpus based analysis
abstract: The aim of this thesis is to empirically examine translation problems encountered by English Arabic translators. It sets out a practical approach to investigating real life translations. As the title suggests the study was based on the analysis of a translation corpus consisting of one hundred translations of source texts produced by professional translators for the purpose of this study. The analysis of errors indicative of translation problems at the lexical, grammatical and textual level was carried out. This thesis utilized additional procedures to analyze the errors present in the corpus, i.e. rater and target readership assessments. The underlying problems were then interpreted in the light of the inherent difficult nature of some categories as outlined by available literature and translators' competence.

title: The Translation of Arabic Al Adhdad (Opposites) in the Glorious Qur an into English: Problems and Strategies
abstract: The present paper is an attempt to investigate the nature of an Arabic semantic phenomenon called Al Adhdad (opposites) This phenomenon of having entirely two opposite meanings arises when an expression contains either a lexical item or a grammatical construction which can be interpreted in two opposite ways, i.e. having two opposite readings. The study aims at (1) showing how this phenomenon is realized in the TL (English) (2) pointing out some problems which may result from rendering verses manifesting this phenomenon. (3) proposing a rendering which goes along with the Qur anic interpretation if there is none. The study hypothesizes that such phenomenon most probably goes unnoticed by the translators and that the semantic approach or even literal translation is usually opted for. The study comes up with the conclusion that Al Adhdad compared with English, is uniquely an Arabic semantic phenomenon which represents a problematic area for the translators who conduct their translations at a purely linguistic level without realizing that another meaning, precisely the opposite meaning, may be intended depending on the context of situation.

title: Rule Based and Example Based Machine Translation from English to Arabic
abstract: Machine Translation has been defined as the process that utilizes computer software to translate text from one natural language to another. This definition involves accounting for the grammatical structure of each language and using rules, examples and grammars to transfer the grammatical structure of the source language (SL) into the target language (TL) This paper presents English to Arabic approach for translating well structured English sentences into well structured Arabic sentences, using a Grammar based and example translation techniques to handle the problems of ordering and agreement. The proposed methodology is flexible and scalable, the main advantages are: first, a hybrid based approach combined advantages of rule based (RBMT) with advantages example based (EBMT) and second, it can be applied on some other languages with minor modifications. The OAK Parser is used to analyze the input English text to get the part of speech (POS) for each word in the text as a pre translation process using the C# language, validation rules have been applied in both the database design and the programming code in order to ensure the integrity of data. A major design goal of this system is that it will be used as a stand alone tool, and can be very well integrated with a general machine translation system for English sentences.

title: Handling Agreement and Words Reordering In Machine Translation from English to Arabic Using Hybrid Based Systems
abstract: Machine Translation has been defined as the process that utilizes computer software to translate text from one natural language to another. This definition involves accounting for the grammatical structure of each language and using rules, examples and grammars to transfer the grammatical structure of the source language (SL) into the target language (TL) This paper presents English to Arabic approach for translating well structured English sentences into well structured Arabic sentences, using a Grammar based and example translation techniques to handle the problems of ordering and agreement. The proposed methodology is flexible and scalable, the main advantages are: first, a hybridbased approach combined advantages of rule based (RBMT) with advantages example based (EBMT) and second, it can be applied on some other languages with minor modifications. The OAK Parser is used to analyze the input English text to get the part of speech (POS) for each word in the text as a pre translation process using the C# language, validation rules have been applied in both the database design and the programming code in order to ensure the integrity of data. A major design goal of this system is that it will be used as a stand alone tool, and can be very well integrated with a general machine translation system for English sentences

title: Translating Arabic perfect verbs into English by Jordanian undergraduates
abstract: There are various translation problems, not all of which have received much attention. Whereas much research has been conducted on vocabulary equivalence, there is little research to date that addresses the problems of achieving equivalence in grammar. Therefore, this study is motivated by noticing this gap in the literature in addition to the researchers' observation of the severity of the problems Arab students encounter in translating Arabic perfect verbs into English. To expose the kind of grammatical problems Arab English major undergraduates face when translating Arabic perfect verbs into English, this study uses a translation test designed for this purpose and administered to a sample of 153 students. Results reveal that students tend to overuse the bare perfect form to encode the equivalent tense in question. This is attributed to the fact that Arabic has two verbal conjugations that are not associated with tense distinctions. Students need to know that context is the best guide in determining the appropriate tense. Results also shed light on the impact of students' gender, GPA, and academic year differences on their performance on the translation test.