Query: biodegradable sugarcane bagasse straw

title: Enzymatic Deconstruction of Sugarcane Bagasse and Straw to Obtain Cellulose Nanomaterials
abstract: The application of green process engineering strategies to obtain high value, eco friendly, and biodegradable materials from residual lignocellulosic biomass can contribute to the sustainability of.

title: Production of Sustainable and Biodegradable Polymers from Agricultural Waste
abstract: Agro wastes are derived from diverse sources including grape pomace, tomato pomace, pineapple, orange, and lemon peels, sugarcane bagasse, rice husks, wheat straw, and palm oil fibers, among other affordable and commonly available materials. The carbon rich precursors are used in the production bio based polymers through microbial, biopolymer blending, and chemical methods. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) estimates that 20 30% of fruits and vegetables are discarded as waste during post harvest handling. The development of bio based polymers is essential, considering the scale of global environmental pollution that is directly linked to the production of synthetic plastics such as polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PET) Globally, 400 million tons of synthetic plastics are produced each year, and less than 9% are recycled. The optical, mechanical, and chemical properties such as ultraviolet (UV) absorbance, tensile strength, and water permeability are influenced by the synthetic route. The production of bio based polymers from renewable sources and microbial synthesis are scalable, facile, and pose a minimal impact on the environment compared to chemical synthesis methods that rely on alkali and acid treatment or co polymer blending. Despite the development of advanced synthetic methods and the application of biofilms in smart/intelligent food packaging, construction, exclusion nets, and medicine, commercial production is limited by cost, the economics of production, useful life, and biodegradation concerns, and the availability of adequate agro wastes. New and cost effective production techniques are critical to facilitate the commercial production of bio based polymers and the replacement of synthetic polymers.

title: Lignocellulosic Agricultural Biomass as a Biodegradable and Eco friendly Alternative for Polymer Based Food Packaging
abstract: Green technology as an innovative initiative has gained prominence over the last few decades, particularly in the packaging sector. Developing packaging materials from renewable and bio based sources has become quintessential, not only to combat problems of waste disposal but also, to impede stubble burning and facilitate conservation of wood resources. Valorization and conversion of renewable agro wastes to biodegradable composites has been proved to be a significant breakthrough in the field of packaging. A blanket ban on utilization of single use plastics makes these lignocellulosic materials even more promising for single use disposable applications. However, there still exists a gap in knowledge regarding their degradation behavior, migration properties and potentialities when put to commercial use. This review article provides a latest prior art in the development of packaging materials from agricultural by products/wastes such as sugarcane bagasse, rice straw, wheat straw, corn stalks, barley residues, etc. Through this review, the authors have also tried to explore and establish their realistic and promising potential as a sustainable packaging solution.

title: Production and characterization of microbial poly g glutamic acid from renewable resources
abstract: Poly g glutamic acid (PGA) is an anionic, naturally occurring, biodegradable, edible and water soluble polyamide that has widespread applications viz. thickener, cryoprotectant, drug carrier, biological adhesive, biopolymer flocculant, heavy metal absorber, bitterness relieving agent, etc. Here, we evaluated effectiveness of renewable resources for production of g PGA using an isolated Bacillus sp. Lignocellulosic biomass such as rice straw, sugarcane trash, sugarcane bagasse, cotton stalk and sorghum stover were evaluated for production of g PGA. Pretreatment was carried out using 1% (w/w) H2SO4 for rice straw and 2.5% (w/w) H2SO4 for rest of the biomass, followed by enzymatic hydrolysis using cellulase enzyme. Comparative evaluation of sugar yield from various biomass were done and highest percentage of reducing sugar was obtained from rice straw hydrolysate. The hydrolysate was concentrated to obtain 1.01 g/mL of reducing sugar and was added to the production media for the fermentative production of g PGA. The maximum PGA obtained was 82.97 g/L by supplementing rice straw hydrolysate (reducing sugar concentration: 4% by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. The g PGA was characterized by NMR, FTIR, gel permeation chromatography and amino acid analyzer. Present work shows the feasibility of using lignocellulosic biomass as a cheap and economically efficient carbon source for the fermentative production of microbial g PGA.

title: Isolation of whiskers from natural sources and their dispersed in a non aqueous medium
abstract: Whiskers have been used as a nanomaterial dispersed in polymer matrices to modify the microscopic and macroscopic properties of the polymer. These nanomaterials can be isolated from cellulose, one of the most abundant natural renewable sources of biodegradable polymer. In this study, whiskers were isolated from sugarcane bagasse and corn cob straw fibers. Initially, the cellulose fiber was treated through an alkaline/oxidative process followed by acid hydrolysis. Dimethylformamide and dimethyl sulfoxide were used to replace the aqueous medium for the dispersion of the whiskers. For the solvent exchange, dimethylformamide or dimethyl sulfoxide was added to the aqueous dispersion and the water was then removed by fractional distillation. FTIR, TGA, XRD, TEM, Zeta and DLS techniques were used to evaluate the efficiency of the isolation process as well as the morphology and dimensions of the whiskers. The dimensions of the whiskers are comparable with values reported in the literature, maintaining the uniformity and homogeneity in both aqueous and non aqueous solvents.

title: Impact of biofuel utilization in engine fuel: an ecofriendly product
abstract: Biofuel initiative has been backed by government policies in the quest for energy security through partially replacing the limited fossil fuels and reducing threat to the environment from exhaust emissions and global warming. The main fuel found to be an increasingly important alternative to petroleum is bio fuel. It is biodegradable, and produces significantly less air pollution than fossil fuel. In a large excess Biofuels (Bioethanol, Biodisel) are produced by agroresidues and from algal biomass. Agro residues are the main source of lignocellulosic biomass. Lignocellulosic materials composed of cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin, are the world's most widely available low cost renewable resources to be considered for ethanol production. Sugarcane bagasse, rice hulls, wheat straw, rape straw, wheat bran, barley straw and cassava stalks are agricultural and agro industrial residues that could be considered for bioconversion. Bioethanol is an attractive, sustainable energy source to fuel transportation, which is prepared by these agro residues in different steps. Pretreatment is the first step to degrade the biomass component. There are different types of methods of pretreatment one of which dilute acid pretreatment. After pretreatment enzymatic hydrolysis is used to ferment pre treated biomass either by using simultaneous saccharification or by further acid treatment. Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process is favoured for producing ethanol from the major fraction of lignocellulosic biomass, cellulose, because of its low cost potential. An attempt has been made in this paper to use alternative fuel in four stroke Gasoline engine. As a gaseous fuel, gains from LPG have already been established in terms of low emissions of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon. Ethanol is one of the fuel additive has some advantages such as better antiknock characteristics and the reduction of CO and HC emissions. It can be considered as renewable energy under the environmental consideration. The purpose of this study is to investigate experimentally and compare the engine performance and pollutant emission of a SI engine using ethanol gasoline blended fuel and pure gasoline. The results showed that when ethanol is added, the heating value of the blended fuel decreases, while the octane number of the blended fuel increases. The results of the engine test indicated that when ethanol gasoline blended fuel is used, the engine power and specific fuel consumption of the engine slightly increase; CO emission decreases dramatically as a result of the leaning effect caused by the ethanol addition; HC emission decreases in some engine working conditions; and CO 2 emission increases because of the improved combustion.

title: Xylooligosaccharides production from a sugarcane biomass mixture: Effects of commercial enzyme combinations on bagasse/straw hydrolysis pretreated using different strategies.
abstract: Xylooligosaccharides (XOS) are non digestible food ingredients with prebiotic properties for selectively promoting the growth of probiotics, which provide many health benefits and several applications in the food and pharmaceutical industry. The objective of this study was to optimize the concentration of commercial hemicellulases for the production of XOS, with a 2 6 polymerization degree, using a mixture of sugarcane bagasse and straw pretreated with ionic liquid or diluted sulfuric acid. The concentrations of enzymes endo 1,4 xylanase (NS50030, Novozyme(r) and a L arabinofuranosidase (GH51) (Megazyme(r) were optimized using a central composite rotatable design (CCRD) The xylooligosaccharides (XOS) released by hydrolysis were analyzed via capillary electrophoresis and quantified with HPAEC PAD. The XOS profile obtained from the hydrolisis of the pretreated sugarcane biomass mixture (MPSA) was similar to that obtained with the hydrolisis of MBX, which provided higher xylobiose (X2) concentration. Our results also demonstrated that pretreatment with an ionic liquid favored the requirement of lower enzyme concentration in enzymatic hydrolysis for having provided a biomass with lower lignin content than the pretreatment with dilute sulfuric acid. It required up to 20% less of the optimum concentration of the endo 1,4 xylanase mixture to achieve similar values to those obtained with the biomass pretreated with dilute sulfuric acid, representing a possible alternative to reduce enzymatic cost.

title: Preparation and characterization of biodegradable sugarcane bagasse nano reinforcement for polymer composites using ball milling operation
abstract: The present work includes the processing and characterization of nano based natural reinforcement for polymer composite materials. Sugarcane bagasse has been collected and the fibers were extracted using manual striping process. Undesirable materials present in the extracted fibers were removed by 1% NaOH based chemical treatment. The macrofibers were reduced to nano scale by using high energy ball milling process. Nanoparticles from bagasse fibers were characterized by X ray diffraction (XRD) Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) The degree of crystallinity of nano bagasse is 55.2% and it was reported by using XRD. A FTIR spectrum confirms the presence of cellulose functional groups in nano bagasse. The nano bagasse dimensions and morphology were investigated using SEM. The average length and diameter of the nano bagasse is 51.2 and 46.1 nm, respectively. Thermal stability of the nano bagasse was revealed by TGA analysis. The chemical composition of cellulose, lignin, and hemicellulose contents was also investigated.

title: Study on kinetics and bio oil production from rice husk, rice straw, bamboo, sugarcane bagasse and neem bark in a fixed bed pyrolysis process
abstract: In this study, rice husk, rice straw, bamboo, sugarcane bagasse, and neem bark were pyrolyzed in a fixed bed pyrolyzer to examine the influence of operating conditions, such as the temperature of the pyrolysis process, residence time of volatiles, and reactor length, on the yield of bio oil and individual gas components. The temperature of pyrolysis was varied from 350 to 650 degC at increments of 50 degC, and the length of the reactor was varied from 45 to 60 cm at intervals of 5 cm. The maximum bio oil production of 46.93 wt% and the pyrolysis char of 26.2 wt% was obtained for bamboo at 450 degC. The highest amount of clean syngas (carbon monoxide and hydrogen) was produced for neem bark (52.61 vol% The gaussian distributed activation energy model data exhibited a superior fit with the experimental data compared with the single reaction model for bio oil and all other individual component gases. The presence of C H, C C, alcohols and phenolic compounds indicated that the bio oil obtained from all the biomass species could potentially be used as fuel. The steady state mass and energy balances for the entire pyrolysis plant were obtained using the Aspen Plus simulation.

title: Comparative Response and Structural Characterization of Sugarcane Bagasse, Straw and Bagasse Straw 1:1 Mixtures Subjected To Hydrothermal Pretreatment and Enzymatic Conversion
abstract: The change of manually harvested sugarcane, after crop burning, to mechanically harvest green cane allows straw and bagasse to be available for further processing via either chemical or biochemical routes, which increases the sector's energy efficiency. In this study, sugarcane bagasse, straw and a bagasse straw 1:1 mixture were subjected, under comparative conditions, to hydrothermal pretreatment at 195degC for 10 minutes and to enzymatic conversion. We evaluated the individual responses of the three different materials regarding the effect of the pretreatment on hemicellulose and lignin extraction, the formation of furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural and cellulose enzymatic digestibility. The morphological, chemical and physical properties of the raw and pretreated materials were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X ray Diffraction (XRD) We observed a higher hemicellulose extraction from straw (93.3% in comparison to bagasse (83.7% and the hemicellulose extract that was obtained from straw contained a higher concentration of inhibitors. Intermediate values for hemicellulose extraction (88.5% and inhibitor formation were observed for the bagasse straw 1:1 mixture. The cellulose enzymatic hydrolysis yield was higher for straw (90.5% in comparison to bagasse (68.2% whereas an intermediate yield of 73.3% was observed for the mixture. According to the SEM images, the pretreatment altered the native biomass at the level of the structure of the cell wall, and consequently, the arrangement of the macromolecular components of the cell wall was closely related to the high degree of hemicellulose removal. FTIR data indicated chemical changes mostly in OH, OCH3 and C=O groups; these changes were most noticeable in the pretreated straw. Adjusted data for the crystallinity index suggested that the pretreated materials had decreased crystallinity. All of the results showed that straw had a lower recalcitrance.