Query: Management accounting practices

title: Impact of external and internal factors on management accounting practices: a study of Pakistan
abstract: The accounting system plays an important role in the company's organizational structure. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that the integration of management accounting practices is subject to coordination between external and internal factors and accounting management practices.  Therefore, the authors move to the contingency model to determine the most significant external "unexpected factors" that explain the introduction of management practices for the management of the various stages of development. The exploratory study examines a sample of Pakistani companies from various sectors.  This study reveals that the main factors of uncertainty that affect the organizational structure, environmental uncertainty, advanced production technology, just in time method strategy, integrated management of quality and structure findings reveal that MAP affected all process and changes all system in simple to complex system in Pakistani's industries.  This study is to acquisition the impact of external factors on management accounting practices, to find the impact of internal factors on management accounting practices, to establish the management accounting practices undertaken by the companies in Pakistan.  The study contributes to the literature by enhancing our understanding for the impact of external and internal factors on management accounting practices in Pakistan.

title: Change of Management Accounting Practices
abstract: Currently, the use of traditional management accounting techniques such as traditional product costing is not meeting user needs for a variety of reasons. It has been claimed that traditional management accounting techniques are unable to satisfy the users of such techniques in terms of providing them with timely and detailed information. The use of management accounting techniques to support business processes, enabling competitive advantage and creating value is highly relevant for most businesses today. It also encourages the provision of capabilities to reduce cost and improve product quality, process flexibility, and build relationships "supplier customer" and ultimately improve performance. The research has been done by investigating the contribution of the ease of use and usefulness to accept a change in the hospital management accounting system. All the hospitals (37 hospitals) in Jakarta constituted our population. A sample for this research used 23 management accounting system changes. Our research shows that hospital management accounting system changes are acceptable. The disagreement is related with the functional issues required to support the new system. Previous researchers argue that the delegation of decision rights (decentralization) can reduce the potential for resistance of management accounting innovation implemented in two ways: (a) by creating the environment which allows managers to ensure that their subunits are able to adapt to the new signals provided by accounting innovations and (b) by enabling subunit managers to become involved in the design of these systems.

title: Management accounting practices of SMEs: The impact of organizational DNA, business potential and operational technology
abstract: Changes in global business environment have driven transformation in Small and Medium size Enterprises (SMEs) to move toward sustainability by focusing on cost efficiency. Management accounting literature continues to suggest the benefits of adopting Management Accounting Practices (MAPs) in improving business sustainability. MAPs provide various tools, techniques and valuable internal information including for budgeting, profit planning and performance evaluation. MAPs are also shaped by management accounting information system. Variations in its application among businesses are common since the management accounting practices are not standardized. This study contributes to the existing gap in management accounting literature particularly from the view of a developing economy by examining the current stage of MAPs development and the impact of three factors (i.e. organizational DNA, business potential, and operational technology) on the MAPs in Malaysia. Since MAPs are organizational specific, contingency theory was used in this study. A total of 310 questionnaires were sent to SMEs in the east coast of Malaysia and 110 were returned. However, 8 of them were incomplete and thus, excluded from the final analyses. The study suggests that these SMEs adopt the first 2 of the 4 stages of MAPs development based on Nishimura (2003) framework. Furthermore, the regression results show that only operational technology has a positive impact on the MAPs (p value 0.005) The other two variables (i.e. organizational DNA and business potential) do not significantly influence the MAPs. These findings are inconsistent with the results documented for large companies and thus, future studies are needed to further explore the MAP issues.

title: Lean manufacturing and firm performance: The incremental contribution of lean management accounting practices
abstract: Manufacturing firms operating in rapidly changing and highly competitive markets have embraced the continuous process improvement mindset. They have worked to improve quality, flexibility, and customer response time using the principles of Lean thinking. To reach its potential, lean must be adopted as a holistic business strategy, rather than an activity isolated in operations. The lean enterprise calls for the integration of lean practices across operations and other business functions. As a critical component for achieving financial control, management accounting practices (MAP) need to be adjusted to meet the demands and objectives of lean organizations. Our aim is to help both researchers and practitioners better understand how lean MAP can support operations personnel with their internal decision making, and operations executives and business leaders in their objective of increasing lean operations performance as part of a holistic lean enterprise strategy. We use survey data from 244 U.S. manufacturing firms to construct a structural equation model. We document that the extent of lean manufacturing implementation is associated with the use of lean MAP, and further that the lean MAP are related in a systematic way: simplified and strategically aligned MAP positively influences the use of value stream costing, which in turn positively influences the use of visual performance measures. We also find that the extent of lean manufacturing practices is directly related to operations performance. More importantly, lean manufacturing practices also indirectly affect operations performance through lean MAP. These findings are consistent with the notion that lean thinking is a holistic business strategy. In order to derive the greatest impact on performance, our results indicate that operations management cannot operate in a vacuum. Instead, operations and accounting personnel must partner with each other to ensure that lean MAP are strategically integrated into the lean culture. In sum, lean MAP provide essential financial control that integrates with and supports operations to achieve desired benefits.

title: The adoption and success of contemporary management accounting practices in the public sector
abstract: The purpose of this paper is to examine the association between the interactive and diagnostic use of MCSs with the extent of adoption of contemporary management accounting practices, and the subsequent impact on the success of such practices in the public sector.  Data were collected through the distribution of a mail survey of 740 questionnaires to public sector organisations in Australia, and analysed using structural equation modelling.  The study found that both the interactive and diagnostic approaches to using MCSs exhibit a positive association with the adoption of contemporary management accounting practices, both as a package and individually. In addition, while the level of success of contemporary management accounting practices was moderate, it was found that the extent of adoption of the practices enhanced their success.  The findings suggest that by intensifying the use of MCSs in a more interactive and diagnostic manner, public sector organisations are more likely to adopt contemporary management to a greater extent, with the subsequent increase in the extent of adoption of such practices to exacerbate their success.  The study contributes to the MCS contingency based research by highlighting the interrelationship between two aspects of MCSs, the use of controls and the adoption and success of management accounting practices.

title: The Impact of External and Internal Factors on the Management Accounting Practices
abstract: The accounting system plays a crucial role on the company organizational structure. The literature shows that the important contingency factors that affect the organizational structure are the environmental uncertainty, the production technology, the strategy, the size and the structure. The aim of this research is to demonstrate that the integration of Management Accounting Practices is a matter of harmonization between the external and internal factors of firms and the Management Accounting Practices. Thus, we adopt the contingency model to determine the main external contingency factors that explains the adoption of business accounting practices management of distinct levels of development. The exploratory study examines a sample of Tunisian firms belonging to different sectors. Our research is divided into two parts. The first one presents a review of the literature on the conceptual framework and theoretical foundation of management accounting and the concepts of contingency theory as a management accounting reading approach. The second part deals with the research methodology and the analysis and interpretation of the results.

title: Factors Affecting Management Accounting Practices in Malaysia
abstract: Management accounting is the process of preparing management reports and accounts that provide accurate and timely, financial and statistical information to assist in management decision making. It is also known as the process of identifying, measuring, accumulating, analyzing, preparing, interpreting and communicating information to help managers fulfill the organization's objectives. Management accounting practices are used by organizational managers at various levels and at the same time, it gives managers the freedom of choice as there are no constraints, other than the cost of information collected relative to benefits of improved management decisions. Studies have found that there are factors that may affect management accounting practices. Literature has indicated that factors such as organization size, intensity of market competition, level of qualification of accounting staff and advanced production technology may affect management accounting practices. The objective of this research is to study the impact of these factors on management accounting practices in Malaysia. A total of 200 respondents from Klang Valley, Malaysia were involved in the survey using purposive sampling. The results of the study revealed that organization size and advanced production technology have significant relationships with management accounting practices.

title: Environmental Management Accounting Practices in Small Medium Manufacturing Firms
abstract: This study investigates factors and barriers which influence the practice of e nvironmental management accounting (hereafter known as EMA) The institutional theory is employed and data is collected via questionnaire. This study focuses on small medium enterprises (hereafter known as SMEs) specifically, Malaysian small medium manufacturing firms. The results indicate that most fi rms have a budget allocation for environmental activities and practice physical EMA. The study argues that coercion is a dominant fa ctor for practicing EMA and therefore, barriers to EMA development should be resolved by the Malaysian government and other au thorities.

title: Environmental Management Accounting Practices and their Diffusion: The Sri Lankan Experience
abstract: When implementing environmental management strategies it is important to use effective accounting tools to facilitate corporate decision making. In this context, a body of accounting practices, known as Environmental Management Accounting (EMA) has emerged as an interface between management accounting and environmental management. This paper attempts to provide a snapshot of EMA practices in Sri Lanka using the authors' experience in dealing with several industries. It presents the commonly observed EMA tools and techniques used in Sri Lankan organizations while discussing how they have been diffused through adopters and propagators. Despite the rapid diffusion, the authors do not find a comprehensive and systematic adoption of EMA in Sri Lanka. This situation offers opportunities for Sri Lankan organizations to benefit from the proper adoption of EMA in the future.

title: The Association between the Use of Management Accounting Practices with Organizational Change and Organizational Performance
abstract: This study examines the association between the use of a package of contemporary and a package of traditional management accounting practices with organizational change and organizational performance.  Data were collected based on a mail survey distributed to a sample of 740 public sector organizations.  The findings indicate that while the prevalence of traditional practices is still dominant, such practices were not associated with organizational change or performance. Rather, those organizations that use contemporary management accounting practices to a greater extent experienced greater change and stronger performance.  The findings suggest that contemporary management accounting practices can assist public sector practitioners in improving performance and promoting organizational change.  The study provides an empirical insight into the use and effectiveness of management accounting practices in the public sector. The study provides the first empirical analysis of the effect of using a package of management accounting practices in the public sector.