Query: Pygmalion

title: Dishonest Signalling in a Variant of Pygmalion Game
abstract: We present a variation of the Pygmalion game, a signalling game played between a population of Senders and Receivers. Senders have varying quality and can attempt to send a costly signal. Not all signals are successfully delivered or observed; the probability of success increases with the signal strength. The cost of the signal increases with the signal strength and decreases with the Sender's quality. Receivers have no information about Senders' qualities and can only detect the strengths of signals. Nevertheless, Receivers have to decide whether to act or not and the Receivers' payoff is higher if they act to Senders of higher qualities. The Senders' payoff is 1 if Receivers do act and 0 otherwise. We analyse this game and show two kinds of Nash equilibria: (1) Senders do not signal and Receivers always act and (2) all Senders send the same and relatively strong signals and Receivers always act to those signals. Thus, in Nash equilibria, only dishonest signalling occurs. Interestingly, despite the dishonesty, signalling equilibria provide some benefit to Receivers they face a higher proportion of high quality Senders than in the non signalling Nash equilibrium.

title: Pygmalion's Power: Romanesque Sculpture. the senses, and religious experience by Thomas E A Dale

title: Pygmalion: Problems and Emotions Critical View
abstract: One of the well known plays of George Bernard Shaw is Pygmalion. Eliza's Cockney vernacular creates crisis in her life. Throes and sufferings of Eliza's enunciation and mostly the love of Eliza was not familiar by Higgins are dealt by Shaw's Pygmalion. One can describe Pygmalion as a feeling of love but it is noteworthy that the major part of it revolves around problems, about love, class prejudice and finally results in a unhappy ending. The rude Higgins divests the love of Eliza, a poor flower girl. Shaw called this play as 'romance' but it is actually a trouble play. The problem of education and the problem of the sounds of the English Literature are presented in the play.

title: Alfred Hitchcock's Vertigo and the Pygmalion Myth Reconsidered
abstract: Alfred Hitchcock's film Vertigo (1958) has attracted the interest of classical reception scholars because of its adaptation of Ovid's Pygmalion myth. Scottie, the film's main character, has been interpreted as a re enactment of Pygmalion, a character in the Metamorphoses who sculpted his ideal woman out of ivory. In this article, the idea of a direct line of reception from Ovid to Hitchcock is challenged. Rather, the principal model of the film is identified as George Bernard Shaw's drama Pygmalion (1913) However, Ovid's Pygmalion story does constitute a model for the film as well, though it does so on a more indirect level. In fact, all the film's main characters display Ovidian traits. These add an extra layer of meaning to the understanding of the film and the complexity of its characters, and allow for an unexpected re interpretation of Scottie and his desires.

title: Wine in the Wilderness: Alice Childress's Black Pygmalion
abstract: Alice Childress's Wine in the Wilderness (1969) is reminiscent of the Pygmalion myth in Ovid's Metamorphoses in several ways, particularly in terms of the theme of the male artist's love of his female creation. This paper presents an intertextual critique comparing the Pygmalion myth of Ovid's epic poem with Childress's Wine in the Wilderness. Wine in the Wilderness allows for an especially unique comparison due to the inclusion of black feminist thought as defined by Patricia Hill Collins regarding the means to resist and understand oppression as intersectional, rather than one dimensional (18) In Wine in the Wilderness, Bill Jameson represents Childress's black Pygmalion, and he creates a triptych on the subject of black womanhood. Coincidentally, or intentionally, the images of black women in the triptych can be illustrated by three women in the Pygmalion myth. Disgusted at the shamelessness of the Propoetides, Pygmalion sculpts an ivory statue of the perfect woman and then falls in love with it. Venus grants Pygmalion's wish to bring the figure to life, so Pygmalion marries his ideal woman and later has a daughter named Paphos (Ovid 231 232) The three women in Bill's triptych are personified by Propoetides, the ivory maiden, and Paphos. The first painting is titled Black Girlhood, which portrays "a charming little girl in Sunday dress and hair ribbon" (Childress 185) This innocent and charming girl mirrors Paphos, the perfect daughter of Pygmalion's perfect woman. The second painting is Wine in the Wilderness, which is Bill's ideal woman, like Pygmalion's ivory maiden. Bill calls her "Abyssinian maiden" (185) or "African queen" (186) and he describes her as "Mother Africa, regal, black womanhood in her noblest form" (185) The third painting remains empty, but Bill intends to draw "the lost woman" to illustrate what society has made of black women (186) Similar to the Propoetides, the lost woman is "close to the bottom" and is "ignorant, unfeminine, coarse, rude vulgar a poor, dumb chick" (186) Bill's fondness for his Abyssinian maiden also resembles Pygmalion's affection for his ivory maiden. Several similarities exist between the play and the myth,

title: Studies on the Acceptance of Yang Xianyi's Translations of Pygmalion from the Perspective of History of Effect
abstract: George Bernard Shaw and his works, exert profound influences on the world, including millions of Chinese readers. Pygmalion was translated by Yang Xianyi in 1956 and retranslated in 1982, 1987 and 2002 respectively. History of effect is important concept of hermeneutics. According to the principle of history of effect, any text is characterized by its positive practical significance. Gadamer's idea of hermeneutics is helpful for our understanding of the necessity and significance of retranslation. The target text is the afterlife of the source text in time and space. In terms of the history of effect, this paper is devoted to a deep insight into Yang's translating process of Pygmalion during four different periods of time and to further analyses of the theoretical foundation and specific characteristics of creation and polishing in retranslation, which is designed to offer references for retranslating literary works and the study of Yang Xianyi's thoughts on translation.

title: Pygmalion Mirage as an Organizational Metaphor
abstract: Leadership has a profound effect on many aspects of our society. Often organizational dysfunction is a reflection on the direction of the organization. In Greek mythology, Pygmalion was a sculptor that became fascinated with his work. He admired his work so much that he fantasized it was a living and breathing masterpiece. An extension of Morgan's (Images of organization (3rd ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 2006) metaphors is a "Pygmalion Mirage." In considering extensions of Morgan's metaphors of organizational dysfunction, there are some corporate examples and biblical insights to the proposed new metaphor. A Pygmalion Mirage is when the organizational culture, often influenced by the leader, becomes overly confident with their perception of a situation without gaining the full details of the environment and circumstances. The illusion of success as the result of a mismatch between the organization's design strategy and the environmental conditions for the approach to users can be very detrimental for an organization that has blurred vision. It is important to note that such a mismatch and lack of sight do not occur overnight. Leadership's escalation of commitment can also contribute to a Pygmalion Mirage. This is when leaders rationalize their decisions and actions even with increased adverse outcomes rather than recalibrate their course (Staw, Knee deep in the big muddy: A study of escalating commitment to a chosen course of action. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 16(1) 27 44, 1976)

title: Linguistic Analysis of George Bernard Shaw's "Pygmalion"
abstract: Communicative activities in ESL/EFL classroom contexts are productive when relevant linguistic devices are applied to literary texts. The literary effectiveness of George Bernard Shaw"s "Pygmalion" an early twentieth century play has been widely appreciated for its linguistic and literary effectiveness. The dialogic structures composed in the actions of the play reveal the varieties of spoken forms of English present during the Victorian period. After thorough scrutiny of the available research papers related to "Pygmalion" on the web, this study addressed the issues that were given less importance by the earlier studies. Considering the significance of "Pygmalion" as a prescribed coursebook in various universities across the world, this paper analysed the dialogic language of the play from a linguistic perspective. The existing literature on Pygmalion provides insights into thematic analysis from a literary and socio linguistic perspective, referring to the class struggles and feminism. This paper examined the dialogues from a linguistic perspective. Weigand"s  dialogic principles were applied to the utterances of the characters, thereby providing insights into the metalinguistic aspects. The paper also presents the semantic effect of the communicative exchanges that the characters engage in when they meet at different settings in the play. Also, it provides resourceful ideas to the ESL/EFL teachers on various linguistic aspects that need to be focused while teaching a literary text. The findings of the study reveal the dialogic forms in "Pygmalion" can be useful to enhance the verbal, non verbal and written communication of ESL/EFL students.

title: ELIZA'S ENHANCEMENT IN GEORGE BERNARD SHAW'S NOVEL PYGMALION
abstract: George Bernard Shaw's Pygmalion has been a play that earned academic debates in various viewpoints. It's not the feminist view. It's about the enrichment of women which has been the most discussed. The focus of this paper is to encourage lower class women by uplifting the status of women in society. In Pygmalion novel, Shaw's excavating its practical significance. There are some brief introductions concerning women empowerment from the view on lower class uneducated women in Pygmalion by George Bernard Shaw.Furthermore, nowadays, although females' condition has been improving significantly, there still are some females who are lost. It has proved that today, feminism is also beneficial for females to remain themselves rather than get lost. Pygmalion creates an excellent impact in literature which created a social awareness of the development of women.

title: How the Pygmalion Effect operates in intra family succession: Shared expectations in family SMEs
abstract: The Pygmalion Effect is a case of the self fulfilling prophecy, whereby the expectations of leaders influence the performance of followers (Avolio, Walumbwa, Weber, 2009; Rosenthal, 1993) Intra family succession processes, which are hardly ever formalised in small and medium sized family enterprises, provide a natural context to explore the perceptions that predecessors have about their successors and where the Pygmalion Effect is expected to occur. However, little is known about how a predecessor's expectations can affect intra family firm succession processes. Based on qualitative interviews with key family and non family members, expectations were analysed in four in depth case studies of intra family SME succession processes. The findings show that the Pygmalion Effect operates over time and embraces incumbent, successor, and key stakeholders' expectations, which support the new leader when facing succession related challenges.