Query: Text-based information hiding without carrier

title: Information Hiding Based on Typing Errors
abstract: Steganography hides secret in carrier. The carrier can be an image, a soundtrack, a video, a text or some other. Text steganography is sometimes more difficulty than others because of the high density of information carried by text. However, we found that most of the online texts is of a kind that tends to contain many typing errors, known as typos, but humans are very good at disambiguation, so these typos often do not frustrate understanding and sometimes it is even difficult to be recognized. This phenomenon can be found both in English and Chinese. In this paper, we propose a text steganography method using carefully injected typos and guarantee the security of the secret and the readability of the texts. With the help of a natural language processing (NLP) model named BERT, we can extract the secret message without the original text. Different from those format based steganography algorithms, our method can resist format adjustments, OCR re inputs, etc. Inspired by the text steganography in English text, text steganography in Chinese text with a similar principle is practical. Furthermore, social media platforms always contain many kinds of media, so Cross Media or even Cross Social Network information hiding is practical when combining multi steganography algorithms.

title: A High Capacity Text Steganography Utilizing Unicode Zero Width Characters
abstract: Information hiding based on text has become the hottest and most discussed aspect of steganography in recent years, because it eases communication and consumes less memory compared to other types. The lack of redundant information in a text file makes it difficult to hide secret bits into a carrier message (CM) without being noticeable. Therefore, the total amount of hidden bits embeddable in a CM contributes immensely to the system efficiency. Today, individuals share information online with the fear that it could be destroyed by third parties. To achieve a structured text hiding system with high embedding capacity, imperceptibility, robustness and high security concurrently, securing sensitive data through encryption is not enough because attackers are able to suspect that a communication channel exist between the sender and the receiver. Therefore, this paper combines both steganography and cryptography to protect our shared information and to achieve a strong and highly secured non understandable text hiding system. We proposed a method which uses pairs of Zero Width Characters (ZWC) to represent each 4 bit binary classification which provides a high embedding capacity and reduces computational complexity than previous methods. The embedding is done by placing the invisible strings of the secret message (SM) into a single position of the open spaces in the CM which provides high invisibility compared to the reviewed methods.  Time Pad (OTP) and XOR bitwise encryption is used to encrypt the inverted message before the embedding process which provides end to end security to the system. The experiment shows that the proposed method provides a very high embedding capacity and high robustness than other literature reviewed.

title: Coverless Information Hiding Method Based on Web Text
abstract: Coverless information hiding has become a hot topic because it can hide secret information (SI) into carriers without any modification. Aiming at the problems of the low hiding capacity (HC) and mismatch in text big data, a novel method of coverless information hiding by retrieving the massive amount of web text on the Internet. First, the proposed method uses a web spider technology to capture web texts associated with SI to construct a web text library. Second, some texts containing SI are searched and the optimal web text is selected from them. Then, the location of the SI in the selected web text is described by using a 2 D coordinate system. Finally, the URL of the web text is combined with the obtained location information and then sent to the recipient. The experimental results and analysis show that the performances are improved in terms of HC, hiding success rate, and security.

title: Text coverless information hiding based on compound and selection of words
abstract: In recent years, many researchers focus on the coverless information hiding because it realizes secret communication without modification by retrieving carriers including secret information (SI) However, the design of a coverless information hiding algorithm is very difficult, which mainly involves three aspects: (1) How to promote the efficiency of retrieving under the big data environment? (2) How to extract the SI in the received natural texts? (3) How to improve the hiding capacity (HC) This paper proposes a novel text coverless information hiding algorithm based on the compound and selection of words, in which the reverse index is created to promote the efficiency of retrieving firstly. Then, Chinese characters are converted into binary numbers, which will serve as the location tags to determine the position of SI in the texts. Finally, combine the frequently used words and improve the HC according to the frequencies. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has a significant improvement in HC compared to the existing text coverless information hiding algorithms. In addition, the efficiency and security of the proposed algorithm are also proved.

title: A Text Information Hiding Method Based on Sentiment Word Substitution
abstract: Text information hiding based on synonym substitution is sensitive to synonym dictionary quality. Synonym word forest has a large number of irreplaceable old words, and the network new words are not added, using this dictionary to perform synonym substitution steganography on the carrier text which is easy to change the statistical features of the original text. To solve the above problem, this paper proposed a method that dynamically expands sentiment dictionary. Firstly, we collected and merged the three basic sentiment dictionaries that are widely used and using the conjunction rules to identify the candidate sentiment words. Then the cosine similarity between the sentiment words is calculated by the distributed word vector representation tool Word2vec. The sentiment words have a high similarity value which is added to the sentiment word dictionary. The expanded sentiment dictionary is used as a text information hiding dictionary based on sentiment word substitution, and the 7/3 matrix encoding method is used. Experimental analysis shows that the conjunction rules can effectively identify sentiment words, and the extended sentiment dictionary with 42.8% embedding rate for sentiment word substitution steganography can effectively reduce the possibility of statistical analysis.

title: Coverless real time image information hiding based on image block matching and dense convolutional network
abstract: Information security has become a key issue of public concern recently. In order to radically resist the decryption and analysis in the field of image information hiding and significantly improve the security of the secret information, a novel coverless information hiding approach based on deep learning is proposed in this paper. Deep learning can select the appropriate carrier according to requirements to achieve real time image data hiding and the high level semantic features extracted by CNN are more accurate than the low level features. This method does not need to employ the designated image for embedding the secret data but transfer a set of real time stego images which share one or several visually similar blocks with the given secret image. In this approach, a group of real time images searched online are segmented according to specific requirements. Then, the DenseNet is used to extract the high level semantic features of each similar block. At the same time, a robust hash sequence with feature sequence, DC and location is generated by DCT. The inverted index structure based on the hash sequence is constructed to attain real time image matching efficiently. At the sending end, the stego images are matched and sent through feature retrieval. At the receiving end, the secret image can be recovered by extracting similar blocks through the received stego images and stitching the image blocks according to the location information. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method without any modification traces provides better robustness and has higher retrieval accuracy and capacity when compared with some existing coverless image information hiding.

title: Security Secret Information Hiding Based on Bit Parity and Invisible ASCII Characters Replacement Snehal
abstract: The frequently usage of the text document in the communication make the text based information hiding technology still crucial topic in computer security. Currently, the popularly used techniques in this area are facing many problems, such as poor robustness, semantic clutter and lower embedding rate. As a result, the secret information can be easily detected or even extracted by the interceptors. To deal with these problems, this paper proposes a novel secret information hiding algorithm based on the integration of the hash function and the invisible ASCII character replacement technology. Firstly, the binary secret information is encoded with even number of "1" in each group. Secondly, the space characters in each carrier segment are replaced with "SOH" by the replacement algorithm. Thirdly, the replaced segment is processed by the hash function. Finally, the algorithm is completed by comparing the generated hash values with the encoded secret information. Furthermore, by utilizing the hash collisions of the previous segment, the algorithm is improved to enhance the embedding rate and security. The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed algorithm is effective, feasible and reliable.  Text based information hiding; Invisible character replacement; Hashfunction; Information security.

title: Faster RCNN Based Robust Coverless Information Hiding System in Cloud Environment
abstract: Key distribution is the foundation for protecting users' privacy and communication security in cloud environment. Information hiding is an effective manner to hide the transmission behavior of secret information such as keys, and thus it makes the secure key distribution possible. However, the traditional information hiding systems usually embed the secret information by modifying the carrier, which inevitably leaves modification traces on the carrier. Thus, they cannot resist the detection of the steganalysis algorithm effectively. To avoid this issue, the coverless information hiding technique has been proposed accordingly, in which the original images of which features can express the secret information are directly used as stego images. Since the existing coverless information hiding methods use the low level handcrafted image features to express secret information, it is hard for them to realize desirable robustness against common image attacks. Moreover, their hiding capacity is limited. To conquer these problems, we design a novel robust image coverless information hiding system using Faster Region based Convolutional Neural Networks (Faster RCNN) We employ Faster RCNN to detect and locate objects in images and utilize the labels of these objects to express secret information. Since the original images without any modification are used as stego images, the proposed method can effectively resist steganalysis and will not cause attackers' suspicion. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed system has higher performance in terms of robustness and capacity compared to the typical coverless information hiding methods.

title: A Reversible Information Hiding Method Based on HEVC
abstract: With the rapid development of agricultural information technology, the security of agricultural information data has become a hot issue. The safety of ensuring the transmission of important agricultural information on the Internet in agricultural informatization was studied in this paper. By hiding the content and existence of information, the purpose of secure transmission of information can be achieved.  the latest video coding standard jointly developed for ISO/IEC and ITU T. An optimized differential expansion information hiding method based on HEVC video is proposed. In order to enable the algorithm achieving large capacity steganography and restoring the original video without distortion, the motion vector coefficient pair is taken as the carrier, the information hiding is performed by reducing the difference expansion coefficient. And the least significant bit of the motion vector after steganography is replaced by the secret information to achieve double embedding. On the extraction side, after the complete extraction of information, the original video can be restored without distortion. Experimental results show that this method is compared with the difference expansion method, the PSNR of the video after steganography is increased by 4db, and the bit rate is reduced by 0.7. It can be seen that this method has good visual imperceptibility. It is important that the embedded capacity has been increased by nearly 35% than DE method. The purpose of large capacity steganography is achieved. In the extraction end, the embedded secret information can be accurately extracted and the original video can be recovered without distortion. This is of great significance for the secure transmission of important agricultural information.

title: Generative Information Hiding Method Based on Adversarial Networks
abstract: Traditional Steganography need to modify the carrier image to hide information, which will leave traces of rewriting, then eventually be perceived by the enemy. In this paper, an information hiding scheme based on Auxiliary Classifier Generative Adversarial Networks (AC GANs) model is proposed for Steganography. This method designs and trains the networks model based on AC GANs by constructing a dedicated dictionary and image database. The sender can map the secret information into the category labels through the dictionary, and then use the labels generate the real looking images to be sent through the model. On the contrary, the receiver can identify the image label through the model and obtain the secret information. Through experiments, the feasibility of this method is verified and the reliability of the algorithm is analyzed. This method transmits secret messages by generating images without overwriting the carrier images. It can effectively solve the problem of modification of carrier images in traditional information hiding.