Query: emergency materials

title: Optimization on Emergency Materials Dispatching Considering the Characteristics of Integrated Emergency Response for Large Scale Marine Oil Spills
abstract: Many governments have been strengthening the construction of hardware facilities and equipment to prevent and control marine oil spills. However, in order to deal with large scale marine oil spills more efficiently, emergency materials dispatching algorithm still needs further optimization. The present study presents a methodology for emergency materials dispatching optimization based on four steps, combined with the construction of Chinese oil spill response capacity. First, the present emergency response procedure for large scale marine oil spills should be analyzed. Second, in accordance with different grade accidents, the demands of all kinds of emergency materials are replaced by an equivalent volume that can unify the units. Third, constraint conditions of the emergency materials dispatching optimization model should be presented, and the objective function of the model should be postulated with the purpose of minimizing the largest sailing time of all oil spill emergency disposal vessels, and the difference in sailing time among vessels that belong to the same emergency materials collection and distribution point. Finally, the present study applies a toolbox and optimization solver to optimize the emergency materials dispatching problem. A calculation example is presented, highlighting the sensibility of the results at different grades of oil spills. The present research would be helpful for emergency managers in tackling an efficient materials dispatching scheme, while considering the integrated emergency response procedure.

title: Emergency materials transportation model in disasters based on dynamic programming and ant colony optimization
abstract: While scheduling and transporting emergency materials in disasters, the emergency materials and delivery vehicles are arriving at the distributing center constantly. Meanwhile, the information of the disaster reported to the government is updating continuously. Therefore, this paper aims to propose an approach to help the government make a transportation plan of vehicles in response to the disasters addressing the problem of material demand and vehicle amount continual alteration.  After elaborating the features and process of the emergency materials transportation, this paper proposes an emergency materials scheduling model in the case of material demand and vehicle amount continual alteration. To solve this model, the paper provides the vehicle transportation route allocation algorithm based on dynamic programming and the disaster area supply sequence self learning algorithm based on ant colony optimization. Afterwards, the paper uses the model and the solution approach to computing the optimal transportation scheme of the food supply in Lushan earthquake in China.  The case study shows that the model and the solution approach proposed by this paper are valuable to make the emergency materials transportation scheme precise and efficient. The problem of material demand and vehicle amount changing continually during the process of the emergency materials transportation is solved promptly.  The model proposed by this paper improves the existing similar models in the following aspects: the model and the solution approach can not only solve the emergency materials transportation problem in the condition of varying demand and vehicle amount but also save much computing time; and the assumptions of this model are consistent with the actual situation of the emergency relief in disasters so that the model has a broad scope of application.

title: Emergency materials reserve of government for natural disasters
abstract: It is of great significance to strengthen government emergency materials reserve for effectively responding to major natural disasters and reducing casualties and economic losses caused by disasters, and it is also essential to guarantee sustainable development of regional or social economy. According to the characteristics of emergency materials demand for natural disasters and materials reserve situation of government, this paper comprehensively analyzed the relief materials reserve of civil affairs department, flood control materials reserve, medicine and disease control materials reserve, the state materials reserve, grain reserve and other specialized emergency rescue materials reserve for natural disasters from aspects as follows, namely, government administration, materials reserve department, reserve manner and cost sources, and then pointed out the emergency materials reserve problems in China; moreover, the measurements to optimize materials reserve system of government were proposed from three aspects in this study, namely, system, mechanism and capital. Firstly, improving emergency materials reserve system and supervision; secondly, optimizing management mechanism of materials reserve and the management efficiency; and thirdly, improving capital investment mechanism for emergency materials reserve and optimize reserve mode.

title: Partition of Emergency Materials Reserve Area and Analysis of Reserve Pattern
abstract: Natural Disasters in China is of variety, high costs. Sending relief material to the disaster hit zones in time can alleviate the cost of disaster effectively. Therefore the construction of emergency materials reserve area is crucial in Chinese disaster precaution system. This paper puts forward a new partition scheme of emergency reserve area through analyzing current sorting method of emergency materials. Secondly, it computes the reservation indexes and disaster coefficients of each reserve area, and certifies the reserve pattern of emergency materials.

title: A Transportation Routing Problem of Emergency Materials Based on Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm
abstract: This paper provides a transportation routing problem of the emergency materials motivated by the time urgency and the demand particularity in the emergency logistics.The objective is to maximize the time satisfaction of the disaster area and minimize the transportation cost.A particle swarm optimization algorithm is proposed to determine the material transportation and distribution by using hierarchical processing for helicopter transportation and vehicle transportation.Finally,a numerical example verifies the effectiveness and stability of the model and the particle swarm optimization algorithm.

title: System dynamics based factor analysis for the speed of emergency materials transportation
abstract: Emergency materials transportation is one of the most important parts of unconventional emergency management.Using system dynamic model,this paper conducts the simulation study to identify the key influencing factors for the speed of emergency materials transportation.We firstly classify emergency materials into cumulative part and the non cumulative part,and then construct a system dynamics analysis model for the emergency materials transportation.For verification,the transportation process of activated carbon in the 2005 Songhua river pollution accident is simulated empirically.Results from the simulation analysis show that the government emergency response delay and the capability of governmental emergency materials transportation are key factors in the process of emergency materials transportation.Work in this paper serves as important reference when the government formulating the policy to improve the speed and efficiency for the emergency materials transportation during the emergency management process.

title: Information System of Emergency Materials Management Based on Active Blackboard Structure Design
abstract: The existing disaster emergency materials management systems are established based on the traditional design mode, the information processing capabilities are limited by the communication control volume of control system, and the asynchronous synchronous communication and time delay communication are seldom considered. The information sharing and resource integration capability among cities is low. The multi agent system has the good properties such as distribution, autonomy, coordination and robustness. These properties are taken into consideration in this paper, and the emergency material characteristics and management requirements are analyzed sufficiently. Combing with the distributed collaborative model of artificial intelligence, the agent communication model of blackboard structure is designed. An active blackboard design pattern is taken, and the emergency materials management information system is constructed. The system has good knowledge sharing and asynchronous/synchronous communication mechanism. Experiments show that the system can meet the requirements of emergency materials management effectively, and the operation efficiency is improved greatly, the system structure is easy to be implemented.

title: Dynamic Optimization Model and Algorithm Design for Emergency Materials Dispatch
abstract: Emergency materials dispatch (EMD) is a typical dynamic vehicle routing problem (DVRP) and it concentrates on process strategy solving, which is different from the traditional static vehicle routing problem. Based on the characteristics of emergency materials dispatch, DVRP changed the EMD into a series of static problems in time axis. A mathematical multiobjective model is established, and the corresponding improved ant colony optimization algorithm is designed to solve the problem. Finally, a numeric example is provided to demonstrate the validity and feasibility of this proposed model and algorithm.

title: Emergency Materials Distribution Risk Control
abstract: In recent years, all kinds of frequent occurrence of unexpected events, damage is very serious, affect the range is very wide. These sudden public events not only cause great loss of life and property, but also affects the social stability, and even endanger the national security, the economic society to develop overall situation produces major effect. Emergency materials distribution level is directly related to whether the effective control of various emergencies, as far as possible so that the losses are minimized, avoid disaster expand. Therefore to strengthen the emergency logistics operation in the process of risk management is the urgent need of developing situation changes, the successful operation of emergency logistics is one of the key. And the implementation of accurate, comprehensive, rapid risk analysis and implementation of emergency logistics risk management. This article through to the emergency materials distribution of risk analysis, understanding of emergency materials distribution risk comes from where, and its risk control. The control method has established non affected areas of emergency material sending and receiving points between the affected areas of emergency materials distribution network, distribution scheme decision and preliminary analysis on emergency materials distribution center, warehouse storage to do regular checks. In the disaster areas of much needed material to the shortest possible time delivery to the disaster area, improve the distribution efficiency, reduce the losses caused by disasters, but also ensure the material distribution in an orderly manner, avoid the invalid distribution.

title: Emergency Materials Distribution Risk Control
abstract: In recent years, all kinds of frequent occurrence of unexpected events, damage is very serious, affect the range is very wide. These sudden public events not only cause great loss of life and property, but also affects the social stability, and even endanger the national security, the economic society to develop overall situation produces major effect. Emergency materials distribution level is directly related to whether the effective control of various emergencies, as far as possible so that the losses are minimized, avoid disaster expand. Therefore to strengthen the emergency logistics operation in the process of risk management is the urgent need of developing situation changes, the successful operation of emergency logistics is one of the key. And the implementation of accurate, comprehensive, rapid risk analysis and implementation of emergency logistics risk management.This article through to the emergency materials distribution of risk analysis, understanding of emergency materials distribution risk comes from where, and its risk control. The control method has established non affected areas of emergency material sending and receiving points between the affected areas of emergency materials distribution network, distribution scheme decision and preliminary analysis on emergency materials distribution center, warehouse storage to do regular checks. In the disaster areas of much needed material to the shortest possible time delivery to the disaster area, improve the distribution efficiency, reduce the losses caused by disasters, but also ensure the material distribution in an orderly manner, avoid the invalid distribution.