Query: Biomass composite material

title: Husbandry waste derived coralline like composite biomass material for efficient heavy metal ions removal.
abstract: The resource utilization of biological solid waste is crucial for practical environmental remediation. By comprehensively utilizing LiBr treatment and dopamine chemistry, herein the cow dung waste was successfully converted into the composite biomass material for efficient heavy metal ions removal. A selective etching mechanism of cellulose was discovered in the LiBr treatment process, achieving the large scale preparation of coralline like porous biomass material with hundred times increased specific surface. Benefiting from the co deposition of polyethyleneimine and Fe3O4, the fabricated material showed significantly higher adsorption capacity (183.82 and 231.48 mg*g 1 for Cu2+ and Cd2+ than that of raw cow dung (0.95 and 1.25 mg*g 1 for Cu2+ and Cd2+ Furthermore, this composite biomass adsorbent also exhibited rapid adsorption equilibrium, magnetic separation capability, monolayer chemisorption feature and feasible recycling use. Collectively, this work contributes to both the resource utilization of husbandry solid waste and the development of advanced biomass adsorbent.

title: Electrocatalytic oxygen reduction by a Co/Co3O4@N doped carbon composite material derived from the pyrolysis of ZIF 67/poplar flowers
abstract: Catalysts used for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) are crucial to fuel cells. However, the development of novel catalysts possessing high activity at a low cost is very challenging. Recently, extensive research has indicated that nitrogen doped carbon materials, which include nonprecious metals as well as metal based oxides, can be used as excellent candidates for the ORR. Here, Co/Co3O4@N doped carbon (NC) with a low cost and highly stable performance is utilized as an ORR electrocatalyst through the pyrolysis of an easily prepared physical mixture containing a cobalt based zeolite imidazolate framework (ZIF 67 precursor) and biomass materials from poplar flowers. Compared with the pure ZIF derived counterpart (Co@NC) and PL bio C, the as synthesized electrocatalysts show significantly enhanced ORR activities. The essential roles of doped atoms (ZIF 67 precursor) in improving the ORR activities are discussed. Depending mainly on the formation of Co Co3O4 active sites and abundant nitrogen containing groups, the resulting Co/Co3O4@NC catalyst exhibits good electroactivity (onset and half wave potentials: Eonset 0.94 V and E1/2 0.85 V, respectively, and a small Tafel slope of 90 mV dec 1) compared to Co@NC and PL bio C and follows the 4 electron pathway with good stability and methanol resistance. The results of this study provide a reference for exploring cobalt based N doped biomass carbon for energy conversion and storage applications.

title: Green synthesis of Microalgal biomass silver nanoparticles composite showing antimicrobial activity and heterogenous catalysis of nitrophenol reduction
abstract: Sushree S. Priyadarshini CSIR IMMT: Council of Scienti c and Industrial Research Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology Shradhanjali Sethi CSIR IMMT: Council of Scienti c and Industrial Research Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology Shweta Rout CSIR IMMT: Council of Scienti c and Industrial Research Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology Pravat Manjari Mishra CSIR IMMT: Council of Scienti c and Industrial Research Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology Nilotpala Pradhan npradhan@immt.res.in CSIR IMMT: Council of Scienti c and Industrial Research Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology

title: Biomass derived paper based nanolignin/palladium nanoparticle composite film for catalytic reduction of hexavalent chromium
abstract: In this study, paper based catalytic composite films were prepared by synthesizing nanolignin on a filter paper (FP) and in situ reducing Pd ions to Pd nanoparticles (NPs) Alkaline lignin (AL) NPs were controllably prepared using industrial AL via two routes: "loading and then regeneration" and "regeneration and then loading." The NPs prepared using the former method were labelled as LAL NPs, and those prepared using the latter were labelled as RAL NPs. The as prepared NPs were loaded into the fiber framework of the FP to obtain paper based AL NP composite material. The results showed that the AL NPs could be successfully prepared through both routes with similar dispersity and uniformity that were improved by the presence of FP. In addition, the size range of LAL NPs (26.6 92.7 nm) was broader than that of RAL NPs (37.3 85.0 nm) The AL NPs on FP were then employed as a reducing agent for the reduction of Pd2+ The concentration of the AL solution (0.43 3.07 influenced the content of AL NPs on the FP, and a higher AL NP content resulted in higher Pd NP content. Furthermore, the obtained paper based nanolignin/palladium nanoparticles (AL Pd NPs/FP) composite films were used for the catalytic reduction of Cr6+ They efficiently reduced the highly toxic Cr6+ to the less toxic Cr3+ and among them, the RAL Pd NPs/FP film with a Pd NP content of 0.18 mg/mL required only 5 min to completely catalyze the reduction of Cr6+

title: Sustainable valorization of recycled low density polyethylene and cocoa biomass for composite production
abstract: The development of products from wastes such as plastic and lignocellulosic materials brings great advantages from the economic and sustainable point of view. The use of waste, previously destined for disposal, enables the changes in production patterns, and prevents major environmental problems. This research investigated the inclusion of different contents of cocoa almond husk on the properties of composites with recycled low density polyethylene (LDPE) matrix. The composites were produced by extrusion process with proportions: 0% 10% 20% 30% and 40% of cocoa waste reinforcement in the polymer matrix. The density of the composites decreased (from 0.81 to 0.61 g/cm3) with the addition of the lignocellulosic waste in the matrix. The hygroscopicity was increased, however, at considerably low levels (0.17 to 2.68 There was a decrease in composite strength and elongation, becoming the material more rigid. The use of the cocoa waste for composites production is feasible to use since it can be adapted to the required application and still incorporate additives requested for specific purposes. This research demonstrated that is possible the combination of recycled low density polyethylene and lignocellulosic wastes for the production of materials with high added value.

title: A biomass derived biochar supported NiS/C anode material for lithium ion batteries
abstract: Nickel sulfides are perfect anode materials for high capacity and low cost lithium ion batteries (LIBs) however, with the shortcoming of polysulfide intermediate dissolution, volume expansion exceeding the limit during cycling also restricts their development. Herein, NiS/C composite materials are successfully anchored on chestnut shell fluff (CSF) derived biochar by a glucose auxiliary hydrothermal method along with an annealing treatment. The CSF biochar acts as an effective electron transmission channel for the rapid lithiation/delithiation of NiS and as a fixed sulfur carrier for inhibiting the dissolution of polysulfide. Glucose restrains the accumulation of NiS particles and then transforms into uniform amorphous carbon during annealing, which is more effective in buffering for rapid volume variation. Moreover, the CSF NiS/C electrode exhibits a remarkable specific capacity of 1522.8 mAh g 1 (0.1 A g 1) and distinguished rate performance with 295 mAh g 1 capacity (3 A g 1) which are better than those of the pure NiS/C anode material displays. Researchers may be inspired by both of these reasonable design and synthesis strategies that are beneficial for the development of high performance nickel based sulfide anode materials for LIBs.

title: Enhanced thermal properties of stearic acid/carbonized maize straw composite phase change material for thermal energy storage in buildings
abstract: The application of organic phase change material (PCM) using in thermal energy storage system was limited by low thermal conductivity and leakage problem. In this paper, we reported a low cost supporting material with good thermal conductivity by carboning the biomass of maize straw. The composite PCM of stearic acid (SA)/carbonized maize straw (CMS) was prepared via vacuum impregnation process and characterized by XRD, FT IR, SEM. The results show that SA/CMS has good chemical compatibility. DSC, TGA as well as thermal conductivity and thermal history method were used to evaluate the thermal properties of SA/CMS. The DSC result reveals that the composite SA/CMS melted at 67.62degC with the latent heat of 160.74 J/g and freezed at 65.28degC with the latent heat of 160.47 J/g. The maximum loading capacity of SA in composite of SA/CMS reached 77.22% TGA and DTG results show SA/CMS have good thermal stability. Thermal conductivity of SA/CMS reached 0.30 W/(m*K) which was 87.5% higher than that of the pure SA. Compared with SA, the melting time of SA/CMS reduced 50% and the freezing time reduced 73% 200 thermal cycling test shows the SA/CMS exhibits excellent thermal reliability. Based on all results, it can be expected that the form stable composite PCM of SA/CMS has good potential application in solar heat energy storage system and energy efficient buildings.

title: Research on improving comprehensive properties of a new sawdust composite insulation material by torrefaction
abstract: Preparing insulation materials from biomass waste is an economic and effective method of resource utilization. In this work, an eco friendly sawdust composite insulation material was produced with its fire resistance improved by torrefying the biomass and adopting fireproof geopolymers as inorganic binders. Raw sawdust, as the fire proof weakness, was torrefied to increase the ignition point before being added to the biomass composite insulation materials. With the increase of torrefaction temperature or residence time, the ignition point of the torrefied sawdust increased from 270 degC to 360 degC when the solid yield decreased from 95% to 34% For the sawdust composite insulation materials, the best comprehensive performance was achieved with the solid yield of torrefied sawdust being 60% and the corresponding values of thermal conductivity, density, and compression strength were 0.087 W/(m.K) 430.8 kg/m3 and 0.97 MPa, respectively. Furthermore, the composite insulation materials can maintain structural integrity under high temperature flame spraying and obtain a satisfactory carbon sequestration capacity. Due to the advantages of environmental protection, high fire resistance, and low thermal conductivity, the torrefied sawdust composite insulation material has good application prospects in buildings.

title: A composite cathode material for lithium ion batteries: synthesis and electrochemical properties of xNa3V2(PO4)2F3*(1 x)Na2MnPO4F@C
abstract: In order to improve the electrochemical properties of Na2MnPO4F (NMPF) low cost biomass cane bagasse was used as a carbon source for coating, Na3V2(PO4)2F3 (NVPF) was used as a doped phase to prepare different ratios of xNa3V2(PO4)2F3*(1 x)Na2MnPO4F@C (NVPF/NMPF@C) composite materials via a sol gel method. The results including analysis of XRD, SEM, EDS, and XPS methods showed that NVPF/NMPF@C (x 0.2) composite material had good crystallinity, and NVPF can be uniformly doped in NMPF@C. The rate performance of NVPF/NMPF@C composite was tested at 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, and 2 C. The first discharge specific capacity of NVPF/NMPF@C composite electrode material reached 193 mAh/g and increased by approximately 20 times when compared to only 9 mAh/g of NMPF@C. The coulombic efficiency of NVPF/NMPF@C material remained 95% after 35 cycles at 0.1 C. The introduction of NVPF can improve charge transfer and Li+ diffusion, and enhance the electrochemical behavior of the lithium ion battery cathodes.

title: Porous chitosan/biocarbon composite membrane as the electrode material for the electrosorption of uranium from aqueous solution
abstract: The radioactive pollution owing to the discharge of effluents containing radionuclides brings serious toxicological effects on the ecological environment. In this work, the chitosan (CS) and biomass resourced porous activated carbons (BC) composite membranes (CS/BC) were used as the electrodes for the electrosorption of U(VI) from aqueous solutions. The capacitive characteristic and electrosorption performance of the composite electrodes was systematically investigated. The CV curves of the CS/BC membrane showed normal dependency of scan rate and U(VI) concentration, reflecting good removal capacity and kinetic rate for U(VI) electrosorption. The CS: BC mass ratios had significant effects on U(VI) electrosorption performance, and the CS/BC 2 is the best among various CS/BC electrodes owing to its good match of functional groups and mesoporous structure. The CS/BC 2 presented high removal capability of for U(VI) electrosorption (207.6 mg/g at the voltage of 0.9 V and pH 4.0, based on Langmuir model) The electrosorption involves in electrical double layer formation, ion exchange, complexation and physisorption. The cyclic electrosorption desorption results and the XPS characterization further clarified this mechanism. The CS/BC 2 could also selectively adsorbed U(VI) from other co existed metal ions in electrosorption. The results revealed the potential application of electrosorption process by using CS/BC electrodes in U(VI) solution for the cleanup of environmental pollution.