Query: blockchain, food supply chain,

title: Blockchain Based Agri Food Supply Chain: A Complete Solution
abstract: Supply chains are evolving into automated and highly complex networks and are becoming an important source of potential benefits in the modern world. At the same time, consumers are now more interested in food product quality. However, it is challenging to track the provenance of data and maintain its traceability throughout the supply chain network. The traditional supply chains are centralized and they depend on a third party for trading. These centralized systems lack transparency, accountability and auditability. In our proposed solution, we have presented a complete solution for blockchain based Agriculture and Food (Agri Food) supply chain. It leverages the key features of blockchain and smart contracts, deployed over ethereum blockchain network. Although blockchain provides immutability of data and records in the network, it still fails to solve some major problems in supply chain management like credibility of the involved entities, accountability of the trading process and traceability of the products. Therefore, there is a need of a reliable system that ensures traceability, trust and delivery mechanism in Agri Food supply chain. In the proposed system, all transactions are written to blockchain which ultimately uploads the data to Interplanetary File Storage System (IPFS) The storage system returns a hash of the data which is stored on blockchain and ensures efficient, secure and reliable solution. Our system provides smart contracts along with their algorithms to show interaction of entities in the system. Furthermore, simulations and evaluation of smart contracts along with the security and vulnerability analyses are also presented in this work.

title: A Content Analysis Based Literature Review in Blockchain Adoption within Food Supply Chain
abstract: According to the World Health Organization (WHO) one out of 10 people get sick from eating contaminated food. Complex food production process and globalization make food supply chain more delicate. Many technologies have been investigated in recent years to address food insecurity and achieve efficiency in dealing with food recalls. One of the most promising technologies is Blockchain, which has already been used successfully in financial aspects, such as bitcoin, and it is attracting interests from food supply chain organizations. As blockchain has characteristics, such as decentralization, security, immutability, smart contract, it is therefore expected to improve sustainable food supply chain management and food traceability. This paper applies a content analysis based literature review in blockchain adoption within food supply chain. We propose four benefits. Blockchain can help to improve food traceability, information transparency, and recall efficiency; it can also be combined with Internet of things (IoT) to achieve better efficiency. We also propose five potential challenges, including lack of deeper understanding of blockchain, technology difficulties, raw data manipulation, difficulties of getting all stakeholders on board, and the deficiency of regulations.

title: Impact of Blockchain Adoption for Safe Food Supply Chain Management through System Dynamics Approach from Management Perspectives in Thailand
abstract: Today's food supply chain is incredibly complex and imposes enormous challenges across the Globe. Products are transported through multimodal transportation internationally, comprising of combination of ship, rail, truck and flight modes etc. The supply chain under multistage network poses more quality related issues. Hence, blockchain technology helps to enhance food safety and quality in the logistics process. This, when coupled with the existing traceability system can create more agile value chain and closer customer relationship across regions. Though, Thailand is a leading food exporter, it lacks in implementation of blockchain technology. The objective of this study is to analyse the impact of blockchain technology adoption for safe food supply chain management through System Dynamics (SD) approach from management perspectives in Thailand. The preliminary survey and discussion were carried out with the participants from food expert firms, and causal loop diagrams and stock and flow diagrams were developed and validated. The trade off, challenges and opportunities of applying block chain technology on the global food value supply chain has been discussed throughout the system dynamics model. The major contribution of this work is in providing insight into some of the main dimensions of block chain technology and its implications for global food value chain performance improvements.

title: Technology assessment of blockchain based technologies in the food supply chain
abstract: Beyond the financial domain, the application of blockchain is highly relevant in supply chain traceability, but the trade offs between implementation challenges and achievable impact remain unclear. In this study, six cases of blockchain based technologies in the food supply chain were analyzed applying a technology assessment framework that distinguishes between four different components of a technology: technique, knowledge, organization, and product. The study intends to provide new critical insights on how blockchain based technologies can be implemented in the food supply chain and to further the discussion of social and environmental implications of blockchain based technologies. The results highlight how blockchain is not a stand alone technology, but rather one element in a system of technologies. While blockchain based technologies are expected to bring a variety of impacts, only some are directly attributable to the blockchain element: increased transparency, traceability, and trust. Other impacts such as improved data management are a side effect of digitizing non digital processes. Further research is needed to confirm whether blockchain based technologies bring the expected sustainability improvements in food supply chains.

title: Blockchain Based Reputation System in Agri Food Supply Chain
abstract: Supply chains are evolving into automated and highly complex networks and are becoming an important source of potential benefits in the modern world. However, it is challenging to track the provenance of data and maintain traceability throughout the network. The traditional supply chains are centralized and dependent on third party for trading. Centralized systems lack transparency, accountability and auditability. In our proposed solution, we have presented a blockchain based reputation system in Agriculture and Food (Agri Food) supply chain. It leverages the key features of blockchain and smart contract deployed over ethereum blockchain network. Although blockchain provides an immutable network for supply chain events, it still fails to solve the problem of trust among entities. Therefore, a reputation system is required that logs reviews of sellers and maintains the trust between trading entities.

title: Chapter 7 Data and food supply chain Blockchain and GS1 standards in the food chain: a review of the possibilities and challenges
abstract: This chapter examines the integration of GS1 standards with the functional components of Blockchain technology as an approach to realize a coherent standardized framework of industry based tools for successful food supply chain transformation. The vulnerability of food supply chains is explored through traceability technologies and standards with particular attention paid to interoperability.

title: Quality Improvement in Organic Food Supply Chain Using Blockchain Technology
abstract: Agriculture sector is the backbone of the Indian economy which employs more than 50% of Indian citizenry. But in the recent past, this sector is entangled with many problems like food adulteration, price hijacking, lack of transparency in the supply chain, improper communication medium, etc. The objective of the present work is to make use of advanced technologies that are available to improve the sustainability of food supply chain. In this endeavor, AHP analysis is used for studying the different technologies that can be used to improve the effectiveness of the food supply chain. From the study carried out, it is found that Blockchain technology is superior to others. Further, using Blockchain a network is developed which will ensure fair trading and circular economy.

title: Blockchain Applications in Food Supply Chain
abstract: The food supply chain faces unprecedented challenges concerning human health, food security and safety, climate change, animal welfare. In addressing these challenges, ensuring transparency and traceability in the food supply chain is becoming increasingly important issue for reducing food loss and waste and ensuring food safety. In particular, digitalization and new information technologies that are rapidly developing with Industry 4.0 and their applications to the supply chain lead to significant improvements in traceability systems. One of these new technologies is blockchain. The rise of blockchain based initiatives find use in providing traceability in bringing more transparency and efficiency to the agricultural and food supply chain. Typical outcomes of the chapter are; (i) To list the triple bottom line food supply chain challenges. (ii) To narrate the feasible tracking and tracing solutions with the support of blockchain technology.

title: Sea Food Supply Chain Management Using Blockchain
abstract: Blockchain is a distributed open ledger that is used to record the transaction across many computers. Blockchain technology can be applied in any domain such as banking, healthcare, real estate, travel, food, and supply chain. Blockchain allows us to have a distributed peer to peer networks, so it provides security and privacy.  Bitcoin. To enhance the Supply chain management using in the blockchain using some unique tags (Example: RFID/NFC/QR Code) tags describe the information about products and track the products. This paper discusses the blockchain in supply chain management to eliminate the disadvantages of the supply chain in the life cycle. In order to provide the solution of supply chain management to using these unique tags to get all details for manufacturing date/expiry date, etc. from the manufacturer side so no can alter this tag for the manufacturer to build a trustworthy of wholesaler/retailer/consumer for using the special tags.

title: Blockchain: case studies in food supply chain visibility
abstract: This paper investigates how blockchain has moved beyond cryptocurrencies and is being deployed to enhance visibility and trust in supply chains; its limitations, and potential impact.  Qualitative analysis undertaken via case studies drawn from food companies using semi structured interviews.  Blockchain is demonstrated as an enabler of visibility in supply chains. Applications at scale are most likely for products where the end consumer is prepared to pay the premium currently required to fund the technology, e.g. baby food. Challenges remain in four areas: trust of the technology; human error and fraud at the boundaries; governance; consumer data access and willingness to pay.  The paper shows that blockchain can be utilised as part of a system generating visibility and trust in supply chains. Research directs academic attention to issues that remain to be addressed. The challenges pertaining to the technology itself we believe to be generalisable; those specific to the food industry may not hold elsewhere.  From live case studies we provide empirical evidence that blockchain provides visibility of exchanges and reliable data in fully digitised supply chains. This provides provenance and guards against counterfeit goods. However, firms will need to work to gain consumer buy in for the technology following repeated past claims of trustworthiness.  This paper provides primary evidence from blockchain use cases 'in the wild' The exploratory case studies examine application of blockchain for supply chain visibility.