Query: what is martial arts

title: What Is Martial Arts Advance Martial Arts Connect
abstract: Learn about various forms of martial arts, Karate to Kung Fu Aikido to Wing Chun etc. Find listings of martial arts training schools and academies.

title: Editorial: Is martial arts studies trivial?
abstract: Before introducing the articles comprising this issue of Martial Arts Studies this editorial first undertakes a sustained reflection on the question of whether the emergent field of martial arts studies might be regarded as trivial. In doing so, it explores possible rationales and raisons d'etre of the field in terms of a reflection on the legitimation of academic subjects, especially those closest to martial arts studies, from which martial arts studies can be said to have emerged. The first draft of this reflection was originally written by Bowman in response to certain reactions to his academic interest in martial arts (hence the occasional use of the pronoun 'I' rather than 'we' but Judkins proposed that the piece form part of this issue's editorial, because of the importance of thinking about what this 'martial arts studies' thing is that we are doing, what the point of it may be, and whether or not it may be trivial.

title: Modern unexplored martial arts what can mixed martial arts and Brazilian Jiu Jitsu do for youth development?
abstract: Contemporarily, two martial arts have emerged as highly popular among youth; Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) and Brazilian Jiu Jitsu (BJJ) Despite their popularity, we know little of how they affect individuals sociopsychologically. The current study sought to explore how the currently underexplored martial art disciplines may contribute to sociopsychological development among young people. In addition, it was investigated whether individuals who are predisposed to different traits may favour one sport over the other. This study was conducted with a longitudinal design; over the course of 5 months, 113 participants completed training in either condition. The results show that both groups displayed increased self control and pro social behaviour; however, MMA practitioners also reported increased aggressiveness, whereas BJJ practitioners experienced a decline in aggression. Accordingly, individuals who trained in MMA displayed substantially higher pre existing aggression levels than the BJJ practitioners. The current results further corroborate research suggesting that modern martial arts and MMA may not be suitable for at risk youth to practice, whereas traditional martial arts and sports with a healthy philosophical foundation may be effective in reducing antisocial behaviour while enhancing socially desirable behaviour among young people.

title: The Effect of Martial Arts Training of NONCOMMISSIONED OFFICER Cadets on Leadership Skills and Innovative Behavior
abstract: This study is to find out the effect of martial arts training of noncommissioned officer cadets on leadership skills and innovative behavior and to help the operation of educational programs of military related educational institutions, including noncommissioned officer academies. To this end, a survey was conducted on noncommissioned officer cadets in Gyeongsang do, Chungcheong do, and Gyeonggi do, as of 2020, where 300 students were briefed on the purpose of the survey and agreed to participate using the self assessment method. Among the collected data, 286 questionnaires were valid samples, excluding those whose responses to the survey were unfaithful or some parts of the survey were omitted. For the data collected, frequency analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis were performed, using SPSS 25.0 for Windows. The results are as follows: First, martial arts training affects leadership skills. Second, martial arts training affects innovative behavior. Third, leadership skills affect innovative behavior. The study shows that martial arts training affects leadership skills and innovative behavior. The military organization, a unified group that performs special missions under special circumstances and conditions for special purposes, pursues the purpose and interests of the entire group. Due to the specificity as a group that requires unified attitudes and actions of its members, the military organization is likely to accumulate negativity and conflict as its functions are uniformed while pursuing efficiency, and that is why leadership is required. Noncommissioned officers and other soldiers are directed at what activities they choose for military organizations or the country, how much effort they will make, how long they will continue the action in the face of difficulties, and what is important in the efficient operation of their organizations is leadership. Martial arts such as taekwondo and judo have a significant influence on the improvement of leadership. Therefore, martial arts and related quality education are needed for noncommissioned officer cadets who are responsible for the future security and safety of the country to perform their duties faithfully before they are commissioned.  Noncommissioned Officer, Martial Arts, Martial Arts Training, Leadership Skills, Innovative Behavior

title: The pacing of mixed martial arts sparring bouts: A secondary investigation with new analyses of previous data to support accelerometry as a potential method of monitoring pacing
abstract: Body worn accelerometry has previously been shown to be reliable and used to measure the external load of mixed martial arts (MMA) via the Playerload metric. These measurements were only reported on a round by round basis, providing little indication of how load changes on a minute by minute basis. Understanding these changes may provide a proxy measure of fatigue, readiness and the onset of non functional overreaching in this population. It is also unclear as to what Playerload is measuring in MMA sparring. Therefore, this study was a secondary investigation with new analyses of previously reported data to provide a more detailed description of the minute by minute changes in external load in MMA.  6 male, competitive MMA participants each took part in a 3 x 5 minute sparring bout wearing a Catapult Minimax x3 which recorded accumulated Playerload throughout. Bouts were video recorded and time motion analysis was used to determine: total active time; total inactive time; high intensity time; low intensity time; standing time; grounded time; striking time; non striking time.  Bayesian repeated measures ANOVA found statistically relevant differences in accumulated Playerload for each minute of sparring (BF10 410) with no statistically relevant differences between winners and losers. Bayesian correlations found a direct, nearly perfect relationship between accumulated Playerload and total active time (r .992, BF10 9,666) No other relationships between Playerload and time motion analysis results were found, despite Bayesian t tests finding differences between standing time and grounded time (BF10 83.7) striking time and non striking time (BF10 1,419)  Playerload reflects overall active movement in MMA and is sensitive enough to measure changes in active movement minute by minute but cannot distinguish between different modes or intensities of movement. This should be investigated further as a potential measure of fatigue and non functional overreaching during MMA training.

title: Martial Arts Tourism of the "Europe Far East" Direction, in the Opinion of Grand Masters
abstract: Martial arts tourism is a form of cultural, sports and educational tourism that requires special recognition; particularly important is knowledge about martial arts. The sources of this practical knowledge are especially high ranking masters. The scientific problem raised here involves the issue of high ranking martial arts teachers taking trips for their own studies (to acquire knowledge and skills) and teaching others. Some of the questions addressed include how often the trips occur (single, sporadic, or multiple, regular) what their effects are, and what their meaning is in the opinion of these experts. The "Martial Arts Tourism" questionnaire was addressed to N 12 people, masters/teachers of high rank in martial arts (level 7 10 dan/toan) who live and teach in Europe and the USA, but come from Europe. They are the holders of the highest degrees in Chinese, Japanese and Korean styles. Further questions were asked through direct correspondence. The collected statements were usedby means of qualitative analysis as in the method of 'expert courts''competent judges' The respondents in most cases undertook trips from Europe to East Asia for their own learning. They teach themselves mainly in their own countries and in Europe. Stays rarely lasted over two weeks. The respondents are convinced of the legitimacy of this type of trip, and believe that the trips are very helpful on the way to mastery. None of the respondents mentioned the material forms of cultural heritage pertaining to martial arts as motives for the trips. Therefore, the ability to visit historic places is a marginal concern. The trips were directly linked to a career path and self improvement in martial arts, learning or teaching.

title: Introducing the Martial Arts Inventory: Quantifying Student Training Experiences for Quality Control and Evidence of Efficacy
abstract: There is a need for a questionnaire that quantifies what students actually experience during martial arts (MA) training. Although no such measure exists, having one would allow researchers to identify the specific components of the MA training experience that may benefit participants' health outcomes, and permit MA training organizations to implement control and consistency measures. In this article we report the development and psychometric properties of the Martial Arts Inventory (MAI) This study comprised three phases: (a) question development, (b) exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and (c) a correlational validity demonstration. We developed a 106 item questionnaire and then used exploratory factor analysis (n 252) to extract eight distinct factors (meditative training, respectful discipline, positive training environment, streaming, training behaviour, heavy training, goal orientation, and physical challenge) that were represented by 48 items. We demonstrated convergent validity through positive correlations between this questionnaire and measures of both self regulation and mindfulness. As a first of its kind instrument, the MAI has the preliminary psychometric basis to be used by researchers and clinicians for measuring the consistency of student experiences across MA schools, and for exploring the efficacy of MA training for various applications, including participant psychosocial health outcomes. Additionally, further refinement and validity testing of this tool will be needed.

title: A Thousand Times Do it: Historical European Martial Arts and the Cultural Record
abstract: The following paper explores how intangible cultural knowledge is represented in the cultural record as information made known through physical objects. It seeks to prove that the preservation of intangible knowledge requires the continued practice of that knowledge as well as the creation of physical information. I believe that a study of European martial arts will demonstrate this. This paper will cover the history of historical European martial arts manuscripts in the early medieval period, relevant advances in manuscript making in the late medieval period, and the current revitalization of historical European martial arts. The paper will describe how communities of practitioners dedicated to recording guidelines for what can only be realized in practice and which is intangible knowledge, employ new technologies, ideas and metadata in creating a cultural record.

title: Assessment Of Neurological Function In Mixed Martial Arts Fighters Following A Single Training Session
abstract: Mixed martial arts (MMA) is a combat sport that utilizes a variety of striking, grappling, and submission techniques in training and competition. Consequently, MMA fighters routinely incur head impacts that may put them at risk for mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and/or neurodegenerative brain disease later in life. Fighters compete rather infrequently, though often train yearround; thus, cumulative exposure to injury is higher during training than competition. However, the neurologic effects of MMA training sessions are unknown.  To determine if a single MMA training session is associated with impaired neurologic function of MMA fighters.  Ten amateur and professional MMA fighters (8 men, 2 women; 26.3 2.6 yr) were evaluated at baseline and immediately following an MMA training session (post training) using several objective assessments of neurologic function. Participants were evaluated for eye movement speed and accuracy (King Devick test; KD) VOMS, near point convergence (Vestibular Ocular Motor Screening; NC) hand eye reaction time (FitLight Trainer; RT) visuomotor ability (FitLight Trainer; VM) static balance (Wii Balance Board; SB) and multiple object tracking speed (NeuroTracker; MOT)  Total KD times were significantly faster following a training session (35.86 8.05 vs. 43.34 8.92 s; P 0.001) Likewise, RT (0.43 0.04 vs. 0.48 0.04 s; P 0.003) and VM (1.06 0.22 vs. 1.20 0.25 s; P 0.011) times improved significantly following training. MOT speed (2.15 0.26 vs. 2.03 0.34 ms; P 0.442) and NC distance (5.18 5.12 vs. 6.62 5.85 cm; P 0.284) also improved following training, although these changes were not significant. SB was virtually identical from baseline to post training (2.27 0.95 vs. 2.27+ 1.30 cm; P 0.994)  Compared to baseline measures, some assessments of neurologic function revealed significant changes after a single MMA training session. Contrary to what was expected, all significant changes were the result of improved performance from baseline to post training. Based on these findings, neurologic function of MMA fighters does not appear to be impaired following a single training session. Furthermore, MMA training bouts may be associated with acute improvements in eye movement, reaction time and visuomotor ability.

title: Functional Movement Screening as a Predictor of Injury in Highly Trained Female's Martial Arts Athletes
abstract: This research examines the emerging role of FMS(tm) in the context of predicting lower extremity injury in females University athletes. The secondary purpose of this study is to investigate the differences between FMS performance comparisons between three martial arts sports to establish baseline comparisons.  Forty seven university female athletes were recruited for this study, The data collected was separated into three groups based on their sports discipline (judo N=17 age: 19+ 4, wrestling N=15 age: 18+ 5, karate N=15 age: 19+ 3) Independent t tests were performed on each group with significance being set at P<0.05 to determine difference in FMS(tm) scores between injured and non injured athletes during the successive competitive seasons. One way analyses of variances were used to determine if there was a significant difference between sports, 'body parts injured' groups, and 'mechanisms of injury' groups.  One way analysis of variance revealed no statistically significant difference between the two (ankle, knee) injury groups, and non injury group (F2,54= 2.34; p=0.106) There was no statistical difference between the pre season FMS(tm) scores of the injured and non injured groups (t47 1.68; P=.100; d=0.52; 95%CI: 0.11, 1.15) Finally, strong evidence of FMS score was found when comparing the three sports with one way ANOVAs (F=5.83, df= 2, 54, p=0.005)  One of the more significant findings to emerge from this study is that FMS(tm) has emerged as a powerful tool for identifying lower extremity injury in female athletes. Further investigation and experimentation into FMS(tm) are strongly recommended before implementing them into a pre participation physical examination (PPE) for combat sports. What is now needed is a cross national study involving other sports.