Query: population dynamics of maconellicoccus hirsutus  in mulberry

title: Studies on the seasonal incidence of the mealy bug (Maconellicoccus hirsutus Green) causing 'tukra' on mulberry in West Bengal.

title: Ecological approach for the management of the mealy bug, Maconellicoccus hirsutus causing tukra in mulberry.

title: Biology of the mealy bug, Maconellicoccus hirsutus, causing tukra in mulberry
abstract: Cet article decrit la biologie de l'aleurode Maconellicoccus hirsutus, responsable de la malformation de la pousse apicale chez le murier communement appelee <tukra> L'incidence saisonniere du tukra et son mode d'apparition ont egalement ete etudies. Le cycle de l'aleurode male dure 23 jours 23 h 16 h, tandis que celui de la femelle dure 25 jours 11 h 19 h. Les stades pre oviposition, oviposition et post oviposition sont respectivement de 3 jours 4 h 5 h, 6 jours 10 h 13 h et 3 jours 4 h 12 h. La fecondite (moyenne) par femelle est de 265 9 oeufs. L'incidence du tukra est nettement plus elevee en ete fevrier a niai) qu'a la saison pluvieuse (juin a septembre) et en hiver (octobre a janvier) Les symptomes du tukra n'apparaissent pas lorsque l'on adopte certaines methodes mecaniques ou culturales comme le greffage par approche ou le bouturage. Les symptomes du tukra apparaissent seulement si le murier est infeste par les aleurodes, ce qui ecarte l'hypothese de l'implication d'un virus, comme cela avait ete avance precedemment.

title: Dynamics of Pealius mori in Mulberry Field and Screening of Control Insecticides
abstract: The paper aims to screen out effective insecticides to control Pe alius mori and to identify its dynamics in the field.  The population dynamics of P. mori were investigated by five spots sampling method in Yunnan province mulberry varieties Yunsang 2, Nongsang 14 and Husang 32 through two consecutive years, and toxicities of 13 insecticides against adults of P. mori were tested by residual film method in the laboratory.  The P. mori adults sporadically appear in the middle of April and begin to grow, large number of adults in July to September, the occurred of P. mori were in the sequence of Yunsang 2 Nongsang 14 Husang 32, Toxicities of 13 insecticides against adults of P. mori were in the sequence of methomyl chlorfenapyr phoxim chlorpyrifos avermectin matrine dinotefuran imidacloprid azadirachtin pymetrozine spinosad buprofezin tebufenozide in the laboratory.  The occurrence of P. mori is mainly in July to September with tendency to Nongsang 32, we should give priority to methomyl, chlorfenapyr, phoxim, chlorpyrifos, matrine, azadirachtin etc. to prevention and control of P. mori in mulberry.

title: Effect of Medicinal Plant Extracts on Mealy Bugs (Maconellicoccus hirsutus Green) Affecting Mulberry
abstract: Efficacy of aqueous leaf extracts of medicinal plants viz. Eucalyptus globulus, Ocimum sanctum and Piper betle were evaluated against the hatching of eggs, mortality of nymphs and mortality and fecundity of adult mealy bugs (Maconellicoccus hirsutus Green) under in vitro conditions. Totally seven concentrations 1, 5, 10, 20, 50, 70 and 100 percent were tested against mealy bugs. The results revealed that with the increase in the concentration of extracts, there was a corresponding decrease in hatching, nymphal adult mortality and fecundity in all the extracts tested. The hatching of eggs was minimum at 100 percent concentration in E. globulus (20.00% followed by O. sanctum (30.42% and P. betle (36.06% over control (96.73% The growth and development of nymphs and adults were adversely affected after the treatment. The nymphs did not attain the adult stage and there was total mortality of nymphs in different treatments. The duration of nymphal stage was reduced by 2 10 days in E. globulus, 1 7 days in O. sanctum and 1 2days P. betle at higher concentrations. However, at lower concentrations it was prolonged by 2 4 days in all the three extracts. At lower concentrations the mortality of adults was on par with the control. Similarly the adult duration was also reduced by 3 4 days at 100 percent concentration and prolonged by 5 6 days at lower concentrations in all the extracts. With the increase in concentrations of the extracts there was decrease in the fecundity of eggs. Thus, the leaf extracts of E. globulus was found to be most effective followed by O. sanctum and P. betle against mealy bugs.

title: Biology of Scymnus nubilus Mulsant (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) a native predator of pink mealy bug, Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)
abstract: Life cycle of Scymnus nubilus Mulsant, a principal native predator of mealy bug, Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) causing tukra disease of mulberry, Morus alba L. in West Bengal (India) was studied under controlledconditions (25 28degC and 65 70% R.H. in the laboratory. The duration of egg, grub, prepipal and pupal stages of S. nubilus was 5.5, 10.45, 1.7 and 7.71 days, respectively when reared on M. hirsutus. Biometrical studies provided the measurements of various stages, viz, egg (0.03 x 0.02 mm) grub (1st instar:0.48 x 0.10; IInd instar:0.79 x 0.40; IIIrd instar: 1.76 x 0.78; IVth instar: 3.33 x 1.33 mm) pre pupa (2.95 x 1.34 mm) pupa (2.24 x 1.63 mm) male (1.25 x 1.10 mm) and female (2.79 x 1.17 mm) Longevity of male and female predator was recorded as 49.9 and 57.23 days, respectively. Copulation period ranged from 6.15 to 7.40 minutes.

title: Incidence and population dynamics of mulberry defoliators
abstract: A field investigation on the seasonal incidence and population dynamics of frequently occurring leaf eating pests of mulberry viz. leaf roller, Bihar hairy caterpillar and wingless grasshopper was undertaken in Tumkur district (Karnataka) for two consecutive years. Severe to moderate infestation was recorded in rainy and winter seasons, while mild infestation was recorded in summer due to these pests.

title: Life History of Pink Hibiscus Mealybug, Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on Three Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis Cultivars
abstract: The pink hibiscus mealybug, Maconellicoccus hirsutus Green, is a widespread invasive pest of Hibiscus rosa sinensis in Florida and elsewhere. We evaluated 3 cultivars of H. rosa sinensis expected to have high 'President' low 'Double Red' and intermediate 'Joanne' levels of susceptibility to this pest. We found little evidence that M. hirsutus responded differently among the 3 cultivars in terms of survival, development rate, size, or oviposition period in laboratory tests at a permissive temperature. However, higher average fecundity (377 eggs per female) was observed on "President" compared with the other 2 cultivars 300 eggs/female) The Fl generation developed on all varieties, with similar cumulative survival rates of 71, 74, and 76% on "Double Red" "Joanne" and "President" cultivars, respectively. In greenhouse tests over 9 wk, feeding symptoms of stunted and deformed plant terminals "bunchy top" were observed in all cultivars but increased more rapidly in "President" especially after the 4th wk post infestation. Significantly higher mealybug populations were also observed on "President" compared with the other 2 cultivars, reaching an average of 50 and 1,400 insect per terminal after the first and second generations, 30 and 60 d post infestation, respectively, on this variety. Although none of the hibiscus varieties tested were resistant to M. hirsutus in our studies, selection (or breeding) of additional cultivars tolerant to feeding symptoms may be useful in low management input landscapes for M. hirsutus infested areas, especially in conjunction with biocontrol programs.

title: Biological Suppression of Mealybugs, Coccidohystrix insolitus and Maconellicoccus hirsutus on Hibiscus rosa sinensis
abstract: The impact of naturally occurring lycaenid predator, Spalgis epeus Westwood on Coccidohystrix insolitus (Green) and release of Australian ladybird beetle, Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant in the suppression of Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green) on hibiscus was determined. C. montrouzieri was released 20 grubs/plant in March 2003 on hibiscus. The population of pink hibiscus mealybug M. hirsutus declined from 84.3/plant (4 shoots) on 5th March 2003 to 0.9/plant on 12 th May 2003. In another study, a mean of 145.6 mealybugs (C. insolitus) was observed on 15th February 2003, and the mealybug population declined to 0.6/plant on 10th April 2003. In the present investigations, a mean of 99.6% and 99.0% reduction in the population of C. insolitus and M. hirsutus, respectively was recorded within 60 days of appearance of S. epeus or release of Cryptolaemus on hibiscus. The predators, S. epeus and C. montrouzieri were found feeding on C. insolitus and M. hirsutus, respectively throughout the study period. Moreover, no other natural enemy was recorded on these mealybugs in hibiscus in the present study. Influence of weather factors like temperature, humidity and rainfall on the mealybug population was found to be non significant. Hence, reduction of mealybugs was attributed mainly to the action of predators S. epeus and C. montrouzieri.

title: Field evaluation of Scymnus coccivora Ayyar for the management of guava mealybug, Maconellicoccus hirsutus Green
abstract: Field performance of Scymnus coccivora Ayyar (Coccinellidae:Coleoptera) was assessed for the management of guava mealybug, Maconellicoccus hirsutus Green on three years old guava trees (Cv. Lucknow 49) in the weather condition of 30.5 1.8degC and 68.6 4.7% RH at Horticultural College and Research Institute, Periyakulam. S. coccivora was released in two different life stages of second instar and three day old adults at different density of 5, 10, 15 and 20 nos./infested shoot, separately. S. coccivora at 15 grubs/infested shoot took 42 and 56 days from the release to bring down the population of M. hirsutus by 38.2 (158.2 nos./infested shoot) and 68.6 (80.6 nos./infested shoot) per cent, respectively while at 15 adults/infested shoot, the reduction in population of M. hirsutus was 44.1 (180.0 nos./infested shoot) and 68.4 (120.8 nos./infested shoot) per cent for the same period.