Query: morality of science

title: III. "ON THE TRADITIONAL MORALITY OF SCIENCE"
abstract: The late 1960's and early 1970's have witnessed an outburst of criticism of science, anti scientific sentiment and philosophical attempts at undermining the credibility of science. In some quarters it is being denied that the purpose of science is disinterested search for truth. Science has become suspect as the originator of nuclear weapons and environmental pollution, and as the potential source of the unfathomable harms of genetic engineering. Its dispassionate rationality is considered as one of the main causes of spiritual impoverishment and moral indifference. Finally, and somewhat inconsistently, there are assertions casting doubt on the universal validity of scientific knowledge. It is argued that science is just another "ideology," a manifestation of Western culture which has no meaning in other cultures. It is asserted that there are, or are likely to emerge, systems of thought of validity equal to "Western" science based on entirely different epistemalogical assumptions. Everything from ancient Polynesian myths to Chinese acupuncture is eagerly embraced as a potential alternative to modern science, providing valid knowledge without the threat of physical destruction or spiritual disillusionment.

title: COVID 19 at the intersections of science, morality and practice reflections of the physician's soul.

title: Animal Ethos: The Morality of Human Animal Encounters in Experimental Lab Science

title: The Morality of Science

title: The morality of science and the values of democracy

title: The Morality of War: A Review and Research Agenda
abstract: What is judged as morally right and wrong in war? I argue that despite many decades of research on moral psychology and the psychology of intergroup conflict, social psychology does not yet have a good answer to this question. However, it is a question of great importance because its answer has implications for decision making in war, public policy, and international law. I therefore suggest a new way for psychology researchers to study the morality of war that combines the strengths of philosophical just war theory with experimental techniques and theories developed for the psychological study of morality more generally. This novel approach has already begun to elucidate the moral judgments third party observers make in war, and I demonstrate that these early findings have important implications for moral psychology, just war theory, and the understanding of the morality of war.

title: Adam Smith's Philosophy of Science: Economics as Moral Imagination
abstract: The paper takes a fresh look at two essays that Adam Smith wrote at the very beginning of his career. In these essays, Smith explains his philosophy of science, which is social constructivist. A social constructivist reading of Smith strengthens the scholarly consensus that The Wealth of Nations (WN) needs to be interpreted in light of the general moral theory he explicates in The Theory of Moral Sentiments (TMS) as the two essays and TMS stress the importance of the same concepts: e.g. moral imagination, the socially embedded individual, and humility. The connecting tissue between all three works is made up of sentiments and values. Smith regards the socially embedded human as the agent in all three realms (knowledge creation, morality, economics) and humans are always driven by values. Smith not only conceives of economics as an applied moral philosophy, but also bases both research areas on a view of knowledge creation that stresses specific epistemic values. If mainstream economic theory (and business theory that is based on it) wants to have any claim to Adam Smith, it would have to change not only what it argues but also how it argues. Economists would have to replace the language of mathematics with the language and logic of moral philosophy and give values centre stage.

title: The Science, Practice, and Morality of Work Psychology
abstract: Weiss and Rupp (2011) make a compelling case for the promotion of an individualistic (person centric) perspective for research in work psychology. My response is 'Yes, and In other words, I believe that they have called attention to an issue and some of its attendant limitations on our field that are considerably more complex, multifaceted, and even more important than they have articulated. I argue below that a 'full and focused appreciation of the individual at work' must extend beyond the perspective of descriptive scientific research to include social, normative, and moral matters.

title: Measurement, self tracking and the history of science: An introduction
abstract: This article introduces the papers contained in this special issue and explores a new field of interest in the history of science: that of measurement and self making. In this special issue, we aim to show that a focus on self tracking and individualized measurement provides insight into the ways technologies of quantification, when applied to individual bodies and selves, have introduced new notions of autonomy, responsibility, citizenship, and the possibility of self improvement and life course decisions. This introduction is an exploratory history of measurement and self making, and it provides a discussion of self tracking in the past as part of the genealogy of present day digital self tracking technologies. It concludes that a focus on measurement and self making highlights the relationship between measurement and morality, the making of the ideal of an autonomous self, capable of improvement, and the relationship between autonomy and surveillance.

title: Not All Skepticism Is Equal: Exploring the Ideological Antecedents of Science Acceptance and Rejection
abstract: Many topics that scientists investigate speak to people's ideological worldviews. We report three studies including an analysis of large scale survey data in which we systematically investigate the ideological antecedents of general faith in science and willingness to support science, as well as of science skepticism of climate change, vaccination, and genetic modification (GM) The main predictors are religiosity and political orientation, morality, and science understanding. Overall, science understanding is associated with vaccine and GM food acceptance, but not climate change acceptance. Importantly, different ideological predictors are related to the acceptance of different scientific findings. Political conservatism best predicts climate change skepticism. Religiosity, alongside moral purity concerns, best predicts vaccination skepticism. GM food skepticism is not fueled by religious or political ideology. Finally, religious conservatives consistently display a low faith in science and an unwillingness to support science. Thus, science acceptance and rejection have different ideological roots, depending on the topic of investigation.