Query: corruption and food security

title: CORRUPTION IN FISHERIES AND FOOD SECURITY

title: Exploring the Relationship between Corruption and Food Security Status on a Global Scale

title: The Impact Of Corruption On Food Security From A Macro Perspective
abstract: Despite the recent developments food security is one of the common problems of humanity. In order to eliminate this problem, various initiatives are taken in the fields of political and international relations backed by many academic studies that are conducted to scrutinize the dynamics of the problem and inspire the policies to be implemented. This study aims at providing macro solutions to the problem through the study of the relationship between food security and corruption in view of variables such as unemployment, dependent population and per capita income. Thus, the panel data of 75 countries between the years 2012 2016 have been analysed using Driscoll and Kraay Method. According to the obtained results, corruption, although minor, has an impact on food security. Thus, in order to realize food security the following actions need to be taken: minimizing bureaucracy; increasing interaction with the public power for the sake of activities that would support good governance of the society and non governmental organizations; minimizing the human factor by using technological innovations more effectively in public services; and putting the deterrent laws that would eliminate favouritism into effect.

title: Armed Conflict and Food Security in West Africa: Socioeconomic Perspective
abstract: West Africa represents a very good case of a sub region currently plagued with the problem of food insecurity. Traditional theories have attributed the increasing food insecurity in the region to problems of poor governance, corruption and climate change. In view of the persistent and increasing nature of armed conflict in the sub region, the purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of increasing armed conflict on food security in Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) member countries.  The study utilized the dynamic generalized method of moments (GMM) to investigate the effect of conflict intensity on food security in the 14 member states of the ECOWAS using annualized panel data from 2005 to 2015.  The findings reveal that armed conflict is a significant predictor of food security in West Africa.  The findings of the study bring to fore, the urgent need to rethink global initiative for combating food insecurity. The effort must also identify the causes of armed conflicts and design sound strategies for de escalating the armed conflicts. Resolving the escalating armed conflict entails developing a conflict resolution framework that is extremely sensitive to the causes of conflict in Africa and adopting localized ex ante institutional diagnostics that would help in understanding the nature of the conflicts.  Traditional theory perceives climate change, social injustices, property right, food insecurity, religious extremism and bad governance as the predictors of armed conflicts. In this study, the authors departed from the traditional theory by demonstrating that the nature and trend of armed conflict could also pose a serious threat to food security.

title: The Impact of Political Risk and Institutions on Food Security
abstract: The most challenging problem in today's world is food insecurity, an estimated approximately 832 million people around the world suffer from a lack of adequate and healthy food on a regular basis for their life. This problem is likely to intensify around the world due to high political risk and weak institutions. Hence, this study utilizes the country level data, covering 124 countries in Asia, Africa, Europe, Latin America, and the Caribbean between 1984 2018 to examine the impact of political risk and institutions on food security, proxied by Dietary energy supply (DES) We have finalized the System GMM from Pooled OLS, Fixed effect, Difference GMM, and System GMM, to recover the potential endogeneity and unobserved heterogeneity of the independent variables. Our outcomes provide supportive evidence that internal and external conflicts, socioeconomic conditions, corruption, military in politics, religious tensions, ethnicity tensions, and poor quality of bureaucracy worsen food security in developed and developing countries. While government stability, the role of law and order, democratic accountability, and investment profile affect the food supply positively and significantly. Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science  2347 467X, Vol. 08, No. (3) 2020, Pg. 924 941 CONTACT Abdullah abdullahtanawli@gmail.com school of Statistics, Dongbei University of Finance and Economics, Dalian, Liaoning 116025, China.

title: Impact of farm level corruption on the food security of households in Bangladesh
abstract: In this article, we have analyzed the impact of farm level corruption on households' food security using survey data collected from 210 Bangladeshi rice farmers. Econometric results confirm that the cost of corruption adversely affects households' calorie consumption. The marginal effect of corruption is higher for the low expenditure households relative to the high expenditure households. This happens because the high expenditure households exhibit more flexibility in terms of adjusting their budgets and hence, are able to cover the cost of corruption without affecting their food consumption, whereas for the low expenditure households such flexibility is limited and hence are forced to compromise on their food budget. Variables such as the better education of women and land holding also positively contribute to food security.

title: Food Security in Nigeria: Impetus for Growth and Development
abstract: One of the most important and crucial debates in the world today is how to provide sufficient food for over seven billion people in the world. In 2019, 690 million people were suffering from hunger globally while about 135 million people in 55 countries and territories were suffering from acute food insecurity with Africa accounting for 73 million of this figure. Food insecurity is one of the major challenges of most African governments occasioned by an increasing number of people living in extreme poverty, high level corruption, incidences of conflicts/terrorism, low level of human capital and unfavorable climate change in the region. Nigeria has the highest number of people living in extreme poverty globally. The Global Food Security Index (GFSI) rank of Nigeria has been on the increase since 2013 while it was ranked 94th among 113 countries in 2019. Nigeria is facing the challenge of food insecurity, especially in the northeastern and north central states where conflicts/insurgency, kidnapping, armed banditry, cattle rustling and weather extremes are aggravating the food insecurity situation. This paper therefore recommends that the Nigerian government should redouble efforts aimed at improving food production and processing activities to ensure food security across the states and also boost exports.

title: FOOD TRUST: FOOD SECURITY USING BLOCKCHAIN
abstract: In recent times food safety has drawn upsurge of academic and commercial concerns. In supply chain area, with the rapid growth of internet technologies, a lot of emerging technologies has been applied in traceability systems. However, to date, nearly all of these systems are centralized which are monopolistic, asymmetric and opaque that could result in the trust problem, such as fraud, corruption, tampering and information. Besides, centralized system is vulnerable to collapse, since a single point of breakdown will lead the whole system to be crashed. Today, a new technology called the blockchain which is a ground breaking innovation in decentralized information technology presents a whole new approach. Here we will build a food supply chain traceability system for real time food tracing based on blockchain. Using blockchain could usher in a new era of food traceability, and that it benefit areas beyond food safety, such as improving sustainability by reducing waste and lowering costs by eliminating food system sciences. Moreover, using blockchain could enable the capture of data beyond mere traceability attributes including those that promote greater transparency.

title: Food Security and Trade in Food Products in Nigeria
abstract: Improving food security depends on identifying the indicators of food insecurity that must be monitored and addressed by the policy makers and implementers. This paper investigates the dynamics of trade in food products and food security in Nigeria. Using descriptive approaches, the findings show that Nigeria markedly recorded an adverse TBI in total agri food trade and many food products. Remarkably, the five mostly exported (i.e. cocoa, fruits and nuts, oilseeds, tobacco) and five mostly imported (wheat, edible products, fish, sugar, milk and cream) food products accounted for 78% and 70% of total food exports and imports in the country. The study also reveals that Nigeria has been grossly food insecure driven by indicators, such as infrastructure deficit, population growth, poverty, corruption, inadequate government support to farmers and absence of safety net programmes. The Nigerian government and other stakeholders should holistically invest and implement agricultural policies to improve food security and earnings in many food products.  accessibility, affordability, availability, food insecurity, poverty, TBI

title: Oil, food, corruption and blockchains a retrospective examination of Iraq's Oil for Food Programme
abstract: Blockchain technology is touted to be a cure for many of the world's ills. It is said the technology can decentralise government power, increase security, guarantee privacy. In the context of this article, blockchain technology is also said to improve the distribution of foreign aid from wealthy countries to those nations less fortunate. The thesis of this article is that foreign aid programs should approach claims about the benefits of blockchain technology with some caution. In establishing this thesis, we explain what the technology involves, and then retrospectively consider how this technology could have assisted (or not assisted) the Iraq Food for Oil Programme. This thesis examines the shortcomings of blockchains, including the difficulty of tracing convertible goods (like wheat) through a single blockchain, and their dependence upon human and organisational cooperation to achieve anti corruption outcomes. We perform our analysis primarily through a hypothetical application of blockchain to the Programme. Hindsight informs us that traditional anti corruption tools were ineffective against the exploitation that occurred within the Programme. Our conclusion is that in most instances, blockchain anti corruption tools would have been equally ineffective. We suggest that the use of blockchain technology be matched with additional measures to address the shortcomings of the technology in the distribution of foreign aid. It is only a combination of appropriate governance together with the technology that can deliver the outcomes that foreign aid providers seek.