Query: poverty-returning tourism

title: A Study on Poverty Alleviation Mechanism of Jinggangshan Tourism
abstract: This survey focuses on the precise poverty alleviation work in Jinggangshan area, especially the sustainable livelihood of farmers and the sustainable mechanism of Poverty Alleviation under the background of pro poor tourism. Research results found that the pro poor tourism practices in Jinggangshan area are advanced and can be popularized. At the same time, the phenomenon of returning to poverty in Jinggangshan area is rare. However, there are still some problems in tourism poverty alleviation in Jinggangshan area. This paper creatively puts forward corresponding policy

title: Research on Development Strategy of Tourism Supporting for Poverty Alleviation in West Hubei
abstract: West Hubei Circle referred to the eight cities and prefectures which were Xiangfan,Jingzhou,Yichang,Shiyan,Jingmen,Suizhou,Enshi and Shennongjia.The economic and social development in this area was lagging behind,with wide poverty area,large impoverished population,poor natural condition and weak development foundation.Owing to lack of investment sources,the poverty overcoming cost and poverty returning rate in this area was high.It was the key area of poverty alleviation of Hubei Province.On the basis of analysis of the features of poverty alleviation in poverty stricken areas of West Hubei,with the internal relation between tourism and poverty alleviation as the reference,the author proposed the conceptualization of linkage development of tourism and poverty alleviation west Hubei and preliminarily analyzed the feasibility of the linkage development between tourism and poverty alleviation.The author considered that tourism and poverty alleviation could mutually complement each other in function.The cultural and ecological tourism resources in West Hubei were abundant and unique,high in resources taste.And tourism was an industry with high return and intensive capital.It could collect capitals,lands,talents and technologies,win a great deal of human,material,capital and information resources in West Hubei,so as the promote the amelioration of the rural infrastructure and living conditions and urban construction.Meanwhile,the basic strategy of poverty alleviation was put forward,that is,establishing the development mechanism with government as the lead and enterprises as the subjects,the financing mechanism of diversified investments and wide ranging financing.Besides,with tourism as the trigger,tourism supporting for poverty alleviation and ecological cultural village would be developed simultaneously,assisted by community participation mechanism,so as to realize mutual benefit and win win cooperation of tourism and poverty alleviation.

title: Key Ethical Issues Pertaining to Medical Tourism Industry
abstract: Medical tourism involves travelling abroad to seek medical treatments, such as surgery or organ transplantation. Most commonly, patients do so for cosmetic treatment or services such as surrogacy, which is not covered by health insurance in their own country. Second, the estimated cost of treatment is 10 20% of what they would pay in their native country. A long waiting list for organ transplant may force the recipients to knock other doors and, thus, seek transplantation in countries where illegal and unauthorised donors are easily available to sell their body organs in order to combat poverty. This results in developing countries actively marketing themselves as hot destinations for medical tourists with no restrictions and at an affordable cost. However, medical tourism raises a range of difficult ethical issues that need to be addressed. The first and the foremost challenge is assuring the quality of healthcare, then, planning of continuity of care on returning and regulations to fix the responsibility in delivery of medical care by all the stakeholders. The most challenging ethical concerns for medical tourism are the impact on the host country, as the economically less developed countries are already facing a 'brain drain' of the professionals and a poor healthcare infrastructure. Regarding transplantation, there is sufficient evidence to firmly believe that organs are sold and, at times, taken by force, from the poor and the underprivileged. Surrogacy is another such issue. With rapid globalisation, medical tourism will expand. The question is whether medical tourism is ethically defensible, and if it is not, whether any reform and regulation can make it ethical. This question keeps on haunting and must be dealt with sincerity.

title: Marine Protected Areas: Securing Benefits for Sustainable Development Frontiers 2017: Emerging Issues of Environmental Concern
abstract: Marine protected areas offer one of the best options for maintaining or returning ocean and coastal ecosystems to healthy conditions, particularly when developed as part of a wider management system. Ecological benefits come from protecting species, habitats and ecosystem functions. Social benefits come from engaging stakeholders in the planning and the fair sharing of benefits. Economic benefits come from ensuring the long term sustainable use of natural resources and tourism incomes. The combined impact could support many of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, including reducing poverty, improving food security and tackling impacts of climate change.

title: Countermeasure of Anti retur ning to Poverty in HeBei
abstract: On the basis of analyzing the aro using factors of returning to pove rty in Hebei,this article puts forw ard some countermeasures of anti r eturning to poverty.We should deci de the goal of helping poverty str ategy,aim to projects of relieving poverty,strengthen the building o f basic facilities,practice agricu ltural industrialized management,and d evelop tourism industry and ecolog ical agriculture.Not only should w e optimize the model of relieving poverty,renew the poverty standard ,promote peasant constitutions,but also build the safeguard system o f relieving poverty in ten respect s such as fund,technology,informat ion,insurance,helping in industry, social services,policies,laws and regulations,protection of ecology and organizations etc.

title: Domestic versus inbound tourism in poverty reduction: evidence from panel data
abstract: The objective of this paper is to explore the effectiveness of domestic and inbound tourism in the alleviation of absolute poverty. We apply a system generalized method of moments estimation to an unbalanced panel data set covering 60 countries for the period 1995 2014. We consider different measures of poverty at two international absolute poverty lines of the World Bank and linearity and nonlinearity effects. The Tourism Statistics Database of the World Tourism Organization and the World Development Indicators Database of the World Bank are the main sources of our data. According to our results, both domestic and inbound tourism reduce absolute poverty, even extreme poverty. Nevertheless, domestic tourism shows more intensively pro poor backward economic linkages than the inbound one. In addition, the Kuznets curve hypothesis is confirmed for inbound tourism and poverty. Therefore, policy makers should pay special attention to the development of domestic tourism by looking for synergies that might be helpful in attracting higher spending inbound tourism too and in reducing the leakages it involves. This could improve the impact of the international income redistribution entailed by inbound tourism on the poor.

title: Panel evidence on the impact of tourism growth on poverty, poverty gap and income inequality
abstract: Using a panel of 13 tourism intensive economies for the period 1995 2012, this paper shows that rising growth in tourism which is proxied by tourism receipts to GDP ratio has an impact on poverty conditional on the poverty measure used. Using a panel Vector Autoregression method, there is little evidence to suggest that growth in tourism reduces headcount poverty. However, the poverty gap measure shows that the amount of money needed to help the poor out of poverty is significantly reduced. Based on different types of Gini coefficient, the results fail to find an improvement in income inequality resulting from tourism growth. Alternative measures such as relative poverty and poverty gap may be considered to better assess the impact of tourism on the poor.

title: Can tourism help to "end poverty in all its forms everywhere" The challenge of tourism addressing SDG1
abstract: SDG1 presents the global community with an important, but highly challenging goal. When discussing tourism's potential to contribute to SDG1 to "end poverty in all its forms everywhere" the multidimensional nature of poverty must be considered rather than focusing solely on economic deprivation. Specifically, we need to shift the focus beyond how tourism can foster economic growth, provide jobs and income, to considering sociopolitical aspects of poverty and how structural inequalities are impeding people's development. The contradictions involved in poor people, in poor locations, with poor labour rights, putting on smiling faces to serve rich guests of former colonial powers and to clean up their messes, should not be overlooked if we are genuinely interested in challenging the negative aspects of global tourism and making it more equitable and sustainable in the future. Thus, if governments and tourism industry players wish to do more than pay lip service to SDG1, they will need to make some significant changes to the way in which they work. This article will draw inspiration from tourism businesses in Fiji that are addressing SDG1 and related goals, and discuss how they have the potential to contribute to longer term sustainable development.

title: Tourism Contribution to Poverty Alleviation in Kenya: A Dynamic Computable General Equilibrium Analysis
abstract: The aim of this article is to investigate the claim that tourism development can be the engine for poverty reduction in Kenya using a dynamic, microsimulation computable general equilibrium model. The article improves on the common practice in the literature by using the more comprehensive Foster Greer Thorbecke (FGT) index to measure poverty instead of headcount ratios only. Simulations results from previous studies confirm that expansion of the tourism industry will benefit different sectors unevenly and will only marginally improve poverty headcount. This is mainly due to the contraction of the agricultural sector caused the appreciation of the real exchange rates. This article demonstrates that the effect on poverty gap and poverty severity is, nevertheless, significant for both rural and urban areas with higher impact in the urban areas. Tourism expansion enables poorer households to move closer to the poverty line. It is concluded that the tourism industry is pro poor.

title: Tourism, poverty alleviation, and the informal economy: the street vendors of Hanoi, Vietnam
abstract: Although increased attention is given to the tourism poverty alleviation linkage, limited research considers the views of poor people, including street vendors, who constitute the informal economy. This article examines the perspectives and experiences of street vendors in Hanoi with respect to tourism and poverty alleviation. Interview results suggest that most vendors migrate from rural areas. Reasons for street vending include low farm output, limited farming land, declined non farm jobs, and other family related situations. Although street vending improves the living conditions of some vendors, it generates meagre incomes for others. The most critical obstacle facing them is the government's ban on street vending, leading to reduced incomes and increased conflicts. Most vendors do not have a specific future plan, but some intend to become taxi drivers, shop owners or to retire. In Hanoi and elsewhere, street vending is depicted as either a distinct characteristic of destination areas or a problem affecting the image of tourist cities. This study argues that such views overlook street vendors' hard work and challenges. It suggests that by understanding the realities on the ground and giving voice to poor vendors, potential approaches to poverty alleviation and street vending management through tourism may become clearer.