Query: nutrigenetics

title: Direct to Consumer Nutrigenetics Testing: An Overview
abstract: At present, specialized companies offering genetic testing services without the involvement of clinicians are growing; this development is a direct consequence of the significant decrease in genotyping and sequencing costs. Online companies offer predictions about the risk of developing complex diseases during one's life course, and they offer suggestions for personal lifestyle. Several companies have been created that provide nutrigenetics services; these companies suggest dietary indications a central issue in the prevention and etiopathogenesis of specific diseases based on one's personal genetic background. Dietary patterns are defined on the basis of a limited set of genetic markers. In this article, we analyze the online nutrigenetics services offered by 45 companies worldwide, to obtain an overall picture of the costs, the types of nutritional traits considered and the level of scientific precision of the services proposed. Our analysis clearly highlights the need for specific guidelines, in order to ensure a set of minimum quality standards for the nutrigenetics services offered to the customer.

title: A nutrigenetics approach to study the impact of genetic and lifestyle factors on cardiometabolic traits in various ethnic groups: findings from the GeNuIne Collaboration
abstract: Several studies on gene diet interactions (nutrigenetics) have been performed in western populations; however, there are only a few studies to date in lower middle income countries (LMIC) A large scale collaborative project called gene nutrient interactions (GeNuIne) Collaboration, the main objective of which is to investigate the effect of GeNuIne on cardiometabolic traits using population based studies from various ethnic groups, has been initiated at the University of Reading, UK. While South Asians with higher genetic risk score (GRS) showed a higher risk of obesity in response to a high carbohydrate diet, South East and Western Asian populations with higher GRS showed an increased risk of central obesity in response to a high protein diet. The paper also provides a summary of other gene diet interaction analyses that were performed in LMIC as part of this collaborative project and gives an overview of how these nutrigenetic findings can be translated to personalised and public health approaches for the prevention of cardiometabolic diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes and CVD.

title: Primers on nutrigenetics and nutri(epi)genomics: Origins and development of precision nutrition.
abstract: Understanding the relationship between genotype and phenotype is a central goal not just for genetics but also for medicine and biological sciences. Despite outstanding technological progresses, genetics alone is not able to completely explain phenotypes, in particular for complex diseases. Given the existence of a "missing heritability" growing attention has been given to non mendelian mechanisms of inheritance and to the role of the environment. The study of interaction between gene and environment represents a challenging but also a promising field with high potential for health prevention, and epigenetics has been suggested as one of the best candidate to mediate environmental effects on the genome. Among environmental factors able to interact with both genome and epigenome, nutrition is one of the most impacting. Not just our genome influences the responsiveness to food and nutrients, but vice versa, nutrition can also modify gene expression through epigenetic mechanisms. In this complex picture, nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics represent appealing disciplines aimed to define new prospectives of personalized nutrition. This review introduces to the study of gene environment interactions and describes how nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics modulate health, promoting or affecting healthiness through life style, thus playing a pivotal role in modulating the effect of genetic predispositions.

title: Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics, Personalized Nutrition, and Precision Healthcare
abstract: The purposes of the present review are to examine the emergence of nutrigenetics/nutrigenomics, to analyze the relationship between nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics, to explore the impact of nutrigenetics/nutrigenomics on healthcare with respect to noncommunicable diseases, and to discuss the challenges facing the implementation of nutrigenetics/nutrigenomics within healthcare.  Nutrigenetics/nutrigenomics is certainly a thriving specialty given the sharp increase of publications over the last two decades. The relationship between nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics is proposed as complementary. The current clinical and research literature supports the significant impact nutrigenetics/nutrigenomics has on treating and preventing noncommunicable diseases. Although several challenges face the implementation of nutrigenetics/nutrigenomics into healthcare, they are not insurmountable.  Nutrigenetics/nutrigenomics plays an important role not only in treating diseases and illnesses but also in promoting health and wellness through both basic and clinical research; and it is critical for the future of both personalized nutrition and precision healthcare.

title: Nutrigenetics personalized nutrition in obesity and cardiovascular diseases
abstract: Epidemiological data support the view that both obesity and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) account for a high proportion of total morbidity and mortality in adults throughout the world. Obesity and CVD have complex interplay mechanisms of genetic and environmental factors, including diet. Nutrition is an environmental factor and it has a predominant and recognizable role in health management and in the prevention of obesity and obesity related diseases, including CVD. However, there is a marked variation in CVD in patients with obesity and the same dietary pattern. The different genetic polymorphisms could explain this variation, which leads to the emergence of the concept of nutrigenetics. Nutritional genomics or nutrigenetics is the science that studies and characterizes gene variants associated with differential response to specific nutrients and relating this variation to various diseases, such as CVD related to obesity. Thus, the personalized nutrition recommendations, based on the knowledge of an individual's genetic background, might improve the outcomes of a specific dietary intervention and represent a new dietary approach to improve health, reducing obesity and CVD. Given these premises, it is intuitive to suppose that the elucidation of diet and gene interactions could support more specific and effective dietary interventions in both obesity and CVD prevention through personalized nutrition based on nutrigenetics. This review aims to briefly summarize the role of the most important genes associated with obesity and CVD and to clarify the knowledge about the relation between nutrition and gene expression and the role of the main nutrition related genes in obesity and CVD.

title: Nutrigenetics, epigenetics and gestational diabetes: consequences in mother and child
abstract: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is the most common metabolic condition during pregnancy and may result in short and long term complications for both mother and offspring. The complexity of phenotypic outcomes seems influenced by genetic susceptibility, nutrient gene interactions and lifestyle interacting with clinical factors. There is strong evidence that not only the adverse genetic background but also the epigenetic modifications in response to nutritional and environmental factors could influence the maternal hyperglycemia in pregnancy and the foetal metabolic programming. In this view, the correlation between epigenetic modifications and their transgenerational effects represents a very interesting field of study. The present review gives insight into the role of gene variants and their interactions with nutrients in GDM. In addition, we provide an overview of the epigenetic changes and their role in the maternal foetal transmission of chronic diseases. Overall, the knowledge of epigenetic modifications induced by an adverse intrauterine and perinatal environment could shed light on the potential pathophysiological mechanisms of long term disease development in the offspring and provide useful tools for their prevention.

title: Science and Healthy Meals in the World: Nutritional Epigenomics and Nutrigenetics of the Mediterranean Diet
abstract: The Mediterranean Diet (MD) UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, has become a scientific topic of high interest due to its health benefits. The aim of this review is to pick up selected studies that report nutrigenomic or nutrigenetic data and recapitulate some of the biochemical/genomic/genetic aspects involved in the positive health effects of the MD. These include (i) the antioxidative potential of its constituents with protective effects against several diseases; (ii) the epigenetic and epigenomic effects exerted by food components, such as Indacaxanthin, Sulforaphane, and 3 Hydroxytyrosol among others, and their involvement in the modulation of miRNA expression; (iii) the existence of predisposing or protective human genotypes due to allelic diversities and the impact of the MD on disease risk. A part of the review is dedicated to the nutrigenomic effects of the main cooking methods used in the MD and also to a comparative analysis of the nutrigenomic properties of the MD and other diet regimens and non MD related aliments. Taking all the data into account, the traditional MD emerges as a diet with a high antioxidant and nutrigenomic modulation power, which is an example of the "Environment Livings Environment" relationship and an excellent patchwork of interconnected biological actions working toward human health.

title: Nutrigenetics, Nutrigenomics and Precision Nutrition
abstract: Since our conception to death, we were permanently exposed to nutrition. Indeed, food intake is the key of the environmental factor that modulates our gene. Nutrigenomics focus on how common dietary chemicals altering an individual's genetic makeup including genome, proteome, and metabolome. While nutrigenetics refer to how the genetic variation gives different responses to nutrients.  Nutrigenomics applied the high throughput genomic related tools to find out the influence of nutrients on the genes' expression. While nutrigenetics (nutritional genetics) focus on the heterogenous response of gene variants to nutrients and dietary factors. Application nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics, integrated with system biology result in a precision nutrition as a relevant precise personal dietary change recommendation, thus will increase the motivation and sustain to whom the intervention is being delivered.  Individual diet recommendation is not simple. Many factors and tools should be involved adequately. The application of integrated omics approaches, together with nutrigenomic and nutrigenetics for novel biomarker discovering and precision nutrition tailoring were expected to develop a healthier lifestyle and behavior.  nutrigenetics, nutrigenomics, precision nutrition, metabolomics, system biology

title: Nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics: ready for clinical use or still a way to go?
abstract: Nutritional Genomics or nutrigenetics/nutrigenomics is an emerging area of research aiming to delineate the interplay between nutrients intake and the reciprocal pathologies with the human genome. Coupled with other omics disciplines, such as metabolomics, proteomics and transcriptomics, nutrigenomics aspires to individualize nutrition, reminiscent of pharmacogenomics and the individualization of drug use. Here, we provide an overview of a session focused on nutrigenomics, organized in conjunction with the Panhellenic Bioscientists Association during the First Greek National Personalised Medicine Conference in Athens, Greece on 15 December 2019.

title: Knowledge and Attitudes Towards Nutrigenetics: Findings from the 2019 Unified Forces Preventive Nutrition Conference (UFPN)
abstract: Nutrigenetics indicates that individual genetic variability results in altered health outcomes necessitating personalized nutrition adaptation. Registered dietitians are recognized as the clinical nutrition experts, but their knowledge and attitudes regarding nutrigenetics has not been delineated.  This cross sectional online survey was conducted in a convenience sample of 169 national nutrition conference attendees. The survey queried demographics, knowledge, and attitudes towards nutrigenetics and information on training in nutrigenetics.  The majority of participants were registered dietitians and female, 45% of whom held advanced degrees. Personalized nutrition was perceived by 93.5% of participants as highly important or important; however, 94% of respondents indicated they are not sufficiently knowledgeable in personalized nutrition and only 9.5% had received training in nutrigenetics. The mean nutrigenetics knowledge score was 6.89 1.67 (out of a possible 12) A multivariate regression model of knowledge score identified education as the only independent predictor of this outcome.  Personalized nutrition is a rapidly developing field that incorporates genetic data into clinical practice. Dietitians recognize the importance of advanced studies to acquire knowledge in nutrigenetics. Only by acquiring the necessary knowledge can dietitians accurately translate this nutrigenetics into clinical practice.