Query: Personality Traits

title: Contextual Factors and Personality Traits in the Exhibition of Deceiving and Hiding Related Behaviors of Employees, in Post Layoff Environments in Greece
abstract: This research, which is still in progress, was planned on the occasion of the current financial crisis in Greece and aimed at organizations that recently experienced layoffs. Its purpose was to study the effect of situational factors i.e. the increased workload, perceived layoff justice and work insecurity as well as the effect of the Big Five personality traits in the context of knowledge hiding i.e. evasive hiding, playing dumb, rationalized hiding and the misuse of information behaviors. Results suggest strong relations between the examined behaviors, and also between these behaviors and the Big Five personality traits. However, only agreeableness and conscientiousness were found to predict efficiently evasive hiding and misuse of information behaviors respectively. Relationship between examined the behaviors and the situational factors, was not discovered. Implications for future research are discussed.

title: Knowledge hiding in two contrasting cultural contexts
abstract: The purpose of this study is to decipher the role of culture in determining knowledge hiding tendencies of individuals. This study attempts to understand the different strategic factors (SFs) engendering knowledge hiding, model it and finally estimate the driving and dependency potency of these factors in two different cultural contexts occidental and oriental.,The authors undertook content analysis of the pertinent literature to trace out the antecedents. These SFs engendering knowledge hiding were later modeled using total interpretive structural modeling (TISM) with the aid of R programming language and consequently subjected to Matriced' Impacts Croise's Multiplication Appliquee a un Classement (MICMAC) analysis to categorize these factors into: autonomous, depending, linkage and driving.,The analysis establishes personality traits as a common driving factor engendering knowledge hiding in both the cultural contexts. Emotional intelligence is a key driving factor in an occidental cultural context whereas interpersonal distrust drives knowledge hiding in an oriental cultural setting. The task in hand, its uncertainty and complexity are the other critical factors causing knowledge hiding in the oriental cultural context.,The study suggests organizations in the occidental setting to streamline their recruitment policy, giving due importance to the personality traits and emotional quotient of individuals. As task uncertainty and complexity are the critical driving factors in the oriental context, the organizations should undertake a delicate balancing act between reducing risk, removing uncertainty and progressing.,To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is probably the first ever attempt to apply comprehensive TISM and MICMAC on knowledge hiding, which characterizes the antecedents of knowledge hiding in two opposite cultural contexts and thereby offers to provide the required impetus for further research on the influence of culture in knowledge hiding behavior.

title: Relationship of Individual and Organizational Factors with Knowledge Hiding in it Organization
abstract: Knowledge hiding is a new construct in organizational research. Knowledge hiding assumes significance in the context of the "knowledge workers," a term coined by Drucker who predicted employees' knowledge to be the most important asset of any organization in the 21st century. However, the organization has no ownership over the intellectual assets of its employees. Thus, it cannot compel them to transfer their knowledge to other organizational members. Thus, the present research examines relationship between knowledge hiding behaviour and individual factors (personality, Machiavellianism, psychological ownership of knowledge) attitude/ behaviour resulting from organizational membership (organizational commitment organizational citizenship behaviour) and organizational climate (openness, collaboration trust) in IT organizations. For this study, data 150 IT was collected from employees through a non random purposive sampling. Correlational results show that all organizational climate factors, organizational commitment, organizational citizenship behaviour and personality dimensions (conscientiousness, agreeableness openness to experience) share a negative relationship with knowledge hiding. However, some individual factors such as Machiavellianism and psychological ownership of knowledge share a positive relationship with knowledge hiding behaviour. Regression model shows that 61% variance in knowledge hiding is explained by the predictor model [F 56.85 (DF Between 142, DF within 149) p<.000] Limitations are small sample size, unequal gender participation, non random sampling method, and use of self report data. Findings can help practitioners develop intervention for curbing knowledge hiding and improving knowledge management.

title: The Influence of Career Plateau on Knowledge Hiding of Knowledge Workers
abstract: Article history Received: 25 March 2021  6 April 2021  This study takes the cognitive affective system theory of personality as the whole logic, integrates resource preservation theory and cooperation and competition theory to investigate the influence mechanism of Career Plateau on knowledge workers' knowledge hiding. The results show that career plateau (including its three dimensions:hierarchical plateau, work content plateau and inclusive plateau) has a significant positive impact on status anxiety and knowledge hiding of knowledge workers, and status anxiety plays a complete mediating effect between career plateau (including hierarchical plateau, work content plateau and inclusive plateau) and knowledge hiding of knowledge workers. Cooperative goal dependence positively moderates the relationship between hierarchical plateau and status anxiety, and negatively regulates the relationship between work content plateau and status anxiety. In addition, cooperative goal dependence positively moderates the indirect effect of hierarchical plateau on the knowledge workers' knowledge hiding through status anxiety, and negatively moderates the indirect effect of work content plateau on the knowledge workers' knowledge hiding through status anxiety. The results of this paper provide theoretical support and management enlightenment for further exploring the mechanism of career plateau and knowledge hiding in Chinese enterprises.

title: The dark triad and knowledge hiding
abstract: By drawing on psychological contract theory, this study examined the effects of the dark triad of personality traits (Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy) on knowledge hiding within organizations. We obtained 251 matched pair data from respondents in a manufacturing company. Results showed that all three dimensions of the dark triad were positively related to knowledge hiding through transactional psychological contract. Different dimensions of the dark triad were most strongly related to different knowledge hiding strategies. Furthermore, gender moderated the relationships between narcissism and psychopathy with transactional psychological contract. The indirect relationships between narcissism and psychopathy with knowledge hiding via transactional psychological contract were stronger for men than women.

title: THE CONCEPT OF SHAKESPEARE'S PERSONALITY AND CREATIVITY IN THE LITERARY CRITICAL WORKS OF I.A. AKSENOV
abstract: The article analyzes the literature critical publications of Aksenov of the late 1920s and the first half of the 1930s with the aim of examining the personality and creativity of Shakespeare via socio cultural, comparative historical, historical genetic, socio cultural and biographical methods.  In accordance with the subject of study, comparative historical, cultural historical and historical typological methods, methods of problem and comparative analysis were used.  As a result, Aksenov systematically destroyed the widespread misconception of the epoch that Shakespeare was almost the only pillar of Elizabethan drama. In conclusion, Aksenov considered literary flair a special merit of Shakespeare, with which he was editing the material, without hiding the merits of his predecessors and without correcting or giving realistic contours to mysterious characters.  This research can be used by literary students, from universities and other literary centers. Novelty/ In this research, Shakespeare's personality and creativity were studied from his literary critical works.

title: Do environmental conditions affect personality traits in Poison Dart Frog (Dendrobates auratus)
abstract: Through the past few decades, there has been an increase on research centred on the proposition that animals can alter their behaviour phenotype to better cope with the environmental conditions through their lifetime. These changes can lead to individual differences in behaviour that are significantly relevant to conservation, in terms of anti predator, exploratory and risk taking behaviour. The captive environment is widely different from any wild habitat, if animals are being kept for conservation, it is imperative to consider how housing conditions can affect their behaviour and personality. The aim of this study was to understand the effect of environmental conditions on personality traits of Dendrobates auratus. A group of frogs was kept under basic standard conditions and a second group under environmental enriched conditions, different live plants, caves, hiding spots. During the length of the experiment, no alterations were made to the standard conditions group, while the enriched groups had changes made to their enclosure every 3 weeks. Feeding and water regime were the same for both groups. Standardised arena trials were used to test exploratory and risk taking behaviour on both experimental groups. We observed that frogs kept on basic conditions scored higher for both exploratory and risk taking behaviour, suggesting that these differences could be adaptive responses to their environment conditions. Frogs with environment enrichment had more hiding spots and more optimal conditions with no necessity to explore to find a more suitable habitat. Frogs under basic conditions had less hiding opportunities and a suboptimal habitat, therefore a need to explore for a more suitable environment. During a reintroduction programme, ideally animals should stay on the release habitat, with many studies showing that bolder and exploratory animals having a higher mortality during reintroductions. This study highlight the effect of housing conditions for zoo kept animals on behavioural traits, especially if these are considered for future reintroductions.

title: Drivers of knowledge hiding in the university context
abstract: Knowledge hiding, as an emerging novelty, has started to draw research attention since the last decade or so. Previous literature defined knowledge hiding as one's deliberate attempt to withhold or conceal requested knowledge from another person and contended that three hiding strategies involved are playing dumb, evasive hiding, and rationalized hiding. Previous researchers found that knowledge hiding could be triggered by distrust, characteristics of the requested knowledge, and an intention to adapt to the social context. The purpose of this study was to investigate the reasons and motivations driving individuals to hide their knowledge in an academic context. A sequential mixed method research design was adopted to help obtain a better understanding of knowledge hiding phenomena. A qualitative study was firstly conducted, which identified three primary independent constructs that may bring about knowledge hiding interpersonal relationships, personal traits, sustaining personal knowledge advantage. Then the three constructs were further tested with a quantitative study. Results suggested that "personal traits" and "sustaining personal knowledge advantage" constructs significantly influenced knowledge hiding behavior, but the construct of "interpersonal relationships" had no significant influence on our sample's knowledge hiding behavior.

title: The Company You Keep: Personality and Friendship Characteristics
abstract: Studies on personality and friendship have often focused on similarities between friends, while differences in friendship patterns have received less attention. We used data from the British Household Panel Survey data (N=12,098) to investigate how people's personalities are related to various characteristics of their three closest friends. All personality traits of the Five Factor Model were associated with several friendship characteristics with effect sizes corresponding to correlations from r .06 to r .09. Openness was an especially prominent and idiosyncratic trait; individuals with high openness were more likely to have friends who live further away, are of the opposite sex and another ethnicity, and whom they meet less often. Agreeableness, and to some extent extraversion, were related to more traditional friendship ties. Thus individuals with high agreeableness had known their friends for a longer time, lived close to them, and had more stay at home people and kin among their friends. We conclude that personality is relevant for the social patterning of close friendship relations.  friendship, personality, Big Five Model, social ties, UK Word counts  166 Main text (exc. Reffs, acknls etc. ~3378 Main text (inc. reffs etc.~5000 Running Head: Individual differences in friendship characteristics Friendship is a fundamental part of human sociality (Baumeister Leary, 1995; Seyfarth Cheney, 2012; Helm, 2013) the "company we keep" affects the support given and received throughout our lives (Borsch Shupan et al. 2013; van Kalmijn 2003; Stevens van Tilburg 2010) We instinctively find our friends' survival important for our own survival (Beckes, Coan, Hasselmo, 2013) and the importance of friends is a recurring theme in fiction and philosophy (Helm, 2013) Findings from neurosciences imply that threats targeting our friends are processed similarly to threats targeting ourselves (Beckes et al. 2013) Various benefits to health, endurance, happiness and longevity stem from connectedness and dense social networks (see Hawkley Cacioppo, 2010; Johnson Dunbar, 2016; Li Kanazawa 2016) for instance, loneliness in adolescence is associated with depression and cardiovascular diseases later in life (Goosby et al. 2013) while support from close friends buffers against depression after a divorce (Linn et al. 2013) Motivation to form friendships emotionally close and enduring social bonds not directly related to mating is present in many mammal species (Seyfarth Cheney, 2012) Friendships facilitate cooperation, access to mates, defense against aggression, and information exchange in both close dyads and larger coalitions (de Scioli and Kurzban 2009) While kin can be included among close friends (Curry, Roberts, Dunbar, 2013) ties to nonkin friends are qualitatively different from kin relations (Steward et al. 2007; Rotkirch et al. 2014) and emphasize reciprocity, trust and emotional support (Hruschka 2010) In contemporary advanced societies, with low fertility and high rates of migration, friendship with non kin may play an increasingly important role for our everyday lives. Whom we become friends with and how friendships are maintained has been extensively studied by psychologists, especially among children and youth (e.g. Rose Rudolph 2006; Hall 2010) Most existing studies have concentrated on homophily and Running Head: Individual differences in friendship characteristics friendship selection between dyadic friendships, while differences and variation in friendship characteristics have received less attention (see Selfhout et al. 2010 and Wrzus et al. 2016 for discussion) Friends tend to resemble one another in characteristics such as gender, age, education, and attitudes, so that "birds of a feather flock together" (McPherson, Smith Lovin, Cook, 2001) Homophily between friends who are not kin has been shown to exist even on a genetic level (Fowler, Settle, Christakis, 2011) However, homophily is not the only important feature in friendship networks, which is why it is important to consider variation in friendship characteristics as well (see Selfhout et al. 2010 and Wrzus et al. 2016) Since friendships involve trust based, long term relations, researchers suggest that homophily between friends may be adaptive for it increases trust in reciprocal relationships (Massen Koski 2014) Homophily with regards to age and gender should facilitate cooperation at crucial parts of the life course, such as finding and keeping a mate and raising children. However, homophily is only one possible perspective when considering how personality is related to friendship dynamics (Rivera, Soderstrom Uzzi 2010) Social bonding and cooperation in a dyad may benefit from complementary traits of the individuals forming the dyad. Friendship formation has been suggested to be shaped also by attraction to kin (Kummer 1971) and attraction to rank (Seyfarth 1977) Thus, in addition to homophily, variations in friendships are interesting and worthwhile to investigate in their own right. Personality is part of many life choices that connect people, including career preferences (Barrick, Mount, Gupta, 2003) residential locations (Jokela, 2009) taste in music (Chamorro Premuzic Furnham, 2007) and leisure activities (Laakasuo et al, 2014) It is thus not surprising that personality influences friendship formation as well. Asendorpf and Wilpers (1998) found that conscientiousness was associated with how much time students spend keeping in touch with their families, whereas extraversion was related to the number of Running Head: Individual differences in friendship characteristics peers that students spent time with. Another social network study focusing on friendship selection found that people tend to become friends with friends of friends, and that homophily in agreeableness and openness explained friendship formation (Selfhout et al. 2010) Similar observations have been made also among other primates (Massen Koski, 2014) Zarbatany, Conley and Pepper (2004) studied how the needs for and experiences of friendship varied with some personality traits among adolescents. These authors found that individuals with higher needs for connection or social prominence also had highly effective friendships, and stressed that the core function of close friendships is not homogenous. A related study found that individuals with Machiavellian traits both rated friendships as less important and tended to form low quality friendships (Lyons Aitken, 2010) Socially skilled and pro social children form more and longer lasting friendships than aggressive and manipulative children do (Parker Seal, 1996) while highly intelligent individuals appear to have fewer friends and to find it more difficult or less rewarding to interact with friends compared to individuals with normal levels of intelligence (Janos, Marwood Robinson, 1985; Li and Kanazawa 2016) Previous studies have also highlighted how friendship characteristics affect personality, and vice versa. For instance, conflict ridden friendships apparently make people more emotionally stable in the long run (Mund Neyer, 2014) Our study aims to extend previous research by investigating how the five main personality traits are associated with a range of friendship characteristics, including contact frequency and residential proximity with friends. The purpose of this analysis is to not only focus on similarities between friends but to provide broader insight on the social patterns of close friendship associated with personality traits. To our knowledge, this is the first big data study, exploring the associations of friendships among adults using the Big Five personality traits, run with a nationally representative data.  Individual differences in friendship characteristics Method Participants and Design. Participants were from the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS; Taylor, Brice, Buck, Prentice Lane, 2010) a longitudinal survey of a nationally representative sample of over 5000 British households with annual follow ups. The original sample included 10,264 individuals aged 16 97 in 1991 (M=44.4, SD=18.3) New participants have been included in the sample over the years if they are born to an original sample member, if they have moved into a household in the original sample, or if a member of the original sample has moved into a new household with one or more new people. In addition, the sample was enriched with additional recruitment of participants at waves 9 and 11, from Scotland and Wales, and from Northern Ireland, respectively, extending the sample to cover the whole UK. The most recent, 18, follow up of the BHPS was carried out in 2008 2009, after which the study has become part of the larger Understanding Society study (http:/www.understandingsociety.org.uk/ Data collection has been carried out following the Ethical Guidelines of the Social Research Association, and all participants gave their informed consent. The current sample included 12,098 participants (Mage=46, SDage=18; 55% women) who provided data on own personality and characteristics of their friends (1 to 3 friends reported by each participant, resulting in a total of 33,971 friends) All participants with data on personality and friendships were included in the analysis. Besides missing data, no participants were excluded from the analysis. With our large sample we had sufficient statistical power to observe even small associations. For example, a logistic regression would require over 18 000 observations to have 80 per cent statistical power in detecting a probability difference between 50 per cent and 51 per cent in an outcome associated with a difference of one standard deviation in a personality trait (assuming R=0.15 with the other variables in the model) Running Head: Individual differences in friendship characteristics Materials. Per

title: Personality traits, knowledge, and consumer acceptance of genetically modified plant and animal products
abstract: Several studies have investigated the associations between personality traits and consumer behavior, but little attention has been paid to the role of personality traits in the acceptance of genetically modified (GM) food products or knowledge concerning the application of GM technologies. We used a large Norwegian survey to investigate the associations between personality traits, knowledge about GM use in agriculture, attitudes, and willingness to pay (WTP) to avoid GM foods. Using a random effect interval regression model, we found premiums between 19% and 23% to avoid GM soybean oil, GM fed salmon, and GM salmon. Neuroticism was associated with increased acceptance of GM soybean oil. Conscientiousness was associated with increased acceptance of GM fed and GM salmon, and agreeableness was associated with increased aversion against these products. Conscientiousness and agreeableness were also associated with knowledge. Agreeable respondents were less likely to think that genetic modification was applied in Norwegian agriculture, and conscientious respondents were more likely to wrongly think so. Attitudes towards naturalness of foods were strongly correlated with increased WTP to avoid GM foods. Current policy restrictions concerning the use of GM technologies are likely to affect the perceived safety of GM foods. Information and more liberal regulations may change attitudes towards GM foods and reduce the resistance against GM technologies over time.