Query: Video Watermarking

title: An Overview of Digital Video Watermarking
abstract: The illegal distribution of a digital movie is a common and significant threat to the film industry. With the advent of high speed broadband Internet access, a pirated copy of a digital video can now be easily distributed to a global audience. A possible means of limiting this type of digital theft is digital video watermarking whereby additional information, called a watermark, is embedded in the host video. This watermark can be extracted at the decoder and used to determine whether the video content is watermarked. This paper presents a review of the digital video watermarking techniques in which their applications, challenges, and important properties are discussed, and categorizes them based on the domain in which they embed the watermark. It then provides an overview of a few emerging innovative solutions using watermarks. Protecting a 3D video by watermarking is an emerging area of research. The relevant 3D video watermarking techniques in the literature are classified based on the image based representations of a 3D video in stereoscopic, depth image based rendering, and multi view video watermarking. We discuss each technique, and then present a survey of the literature. Finally, we provide a summary of this paper and propose some future research directions.

title: A Robust DCT SVD Based Video Watermarking Using Zigzag Scanning
abstract: In this paper, a hybrid non blind video watermarking based on discrete cosine transform (DCT) and singular value decomposition (SVD) is proposed. The DCT coefficients of each frame in the host video are reordered in a zigzag fashion and mapped into four blocks. These four blocks represent four frequency bands of low low (LL) low high (LH) high low (HL) and high high (HH) bands. Later, SVD is individually applied to each block. The singular values in each block are then modified by the singular values of the DCT transformed visual watermark to get watermarked video. This algorithm computes robustness in terms of Normalized Cross Correlation (NCC) between original and extracted watermarks from four bands. The proposed algorithm is compared with recent works. and the experimental results confirm that the proposed method is more resilient to attacks and is transparent.

title: Video Watermarking Fundamentals and Overview
abstract: Digital watermarking is a scheme that involves in concealing the information within the signal which is translucent to the user. Video Watermarking is one among the inspiring fields to ensure the improvement of the system by facilitating the authentication of data, advertisement surveillance, safety, tracing of piracy and copyright protection procedures for digital media, concealed within dynamic video codec. Digital watermarking technology is being adopted to ensure and facilitate data authentication, safety and copyright protection of digital media. It is contemplated as the most significant technology in the modernized world, to avert illegal replication of data. Digital watermarking can be practiced on multimedia data. In this work, we emphasized particularly on the overview of different domains in video watermarking schemes, along with its definitions, properties, applications and evaluation constraints utilized to expand the security of data.

title: Fibonacci Based Key Frame Selection and Scrambling for Video Watermarking in DWT SVD Domain
abstract: Video copyright is the technique for hiding sensitive data in digital video. This paper aims to introduce a new technique for video copyright namely Fibonacci based keyframe selection and scrambling for video watermarking in DWT SVD. In this methodology, scene change detection technique is employed for identifying frequent changes in the scenes. In a specific frame, each scene is selected by using keyframes, which are generated by Fibonacci sequence. The initial seeds of the Fibonacci sequence are used as authentication key for generating keyframes. Based on the limitations of the scene changes the authentication keys are generated. The watermark is embedded only in specific frame of the changed scene in LH sub band. The secret image is scrambled using Fibonacci Lucas transform. In embedding process, singular values (SVs) of the scrambled watermark block are added to the SVs of specific frames, produce the watermarked video collectively. In extraction phase, SVD is performed on the watermarked video to extract the scrambled watermark block from key frames. After that the extracted watermark blocks are collected together to yield the complete scrambled watermark. Later it is descrambled by using the secret keys to generate the original watermark. This method is blind since the host video is not required to extract the watermark. The experimental results show that the proposed methodology resists different image and video processing attacks. In addition, the proposed methodology improves the robustness and quality of both host video and watermark.

title: A blind and robust video watermarking based on IWT and new 3D generalized chaotic sine map
abstract: In the modern world, high bandwidth internet access has led to the theft of all types of digital data, including digital video, and their illegal distribution. The digital video watermarking technique was introduced late last century to enforce video copyright protection. In this paper, a robust blind and secure video watermarking method is presented based on integer wavelet transform and the generalized chaotic sine map. In this method, integer wavelet transform is applied to each main frame of the standard video. Basically, watermarking techniques are evaluated based on three concepts of content quality, data resilience and data capacity. Therefore, in order to guarantee the quality of the watermarked video, the watermark is inserted in low frequency coefficients. An appropriate security level is added to increase the efficiency and functionality by chaotic map to watermark. In addition, the normalized correlation coefficient (NCC) between the main watermark and extraction watermark is used as the main criterion of resistance measurement. The results show that the proposed method is good in terms of both quality and resistance to a variety of attacks, and the NCC values obtained in most cases are 1 or very close to 1.

title: A multiplicative video watermarking robust to H.264/AVC compression standard
abstract: The widespread application of the H.264 video compression standard necessitates proper design of copyright protection algorithms. In this paper, a new blind multiplicative video watermarking algorithm robust to this standard and also other attacks is proposed. With this method, the multiplicative watermark is embedded in the HH subband of the wavelet transformed video frames. The HH coefficients of the host signal are divided into two patches: One patch is used to host the watermark, while the other patch is remained intact to be exploited at the receiver for estimating the system parameters required for watermark detection. Assuming the wavelet HH coefficients to have the Laplacian distribution, the maximum likelihood (ML) criterion is used for the watermark detection. In this case, the ratio of summation of samples of two patches is used as our decision variable on which the ML criterion is applied. Simulation results show that along with the exhibition of an acceptable robustness against various attacks, the proposed algorithm properly satisfies the invisibility requirements of the watermarking concept with low computational complexity.

title: A spatiotemporal saliency modulated JND profile applied to video watermarking
abstract: The just noticeable distortion (JND) has been considered a suitable solution for controlling the watermark strength and generating robust watermarking schemes with distortions that are below the sensitivity threshold. However, JND assumes the same attention level for all image regions, which does not reflect the behavior of an observer. Recently, several models have utilized the modulatory effect of visual attention over JND to improve the efficiency of watermarking schemes. However, most of them have focused on still images. In this paper, we propose a saliency modulated JND profile for improving video watermarking schemes. Our method aims to adapt the watermark strength to obtain the most robust possible scheme with an imperceptible watermark. Moreover, it has the advantage of fully exploiting the spatiotemporal properties of video to minimize its perceptual redundancies and achieve low computational complexity. Experimental results show the effectiveness of our proposed method and its contributions to video watermarking process.

title: Bi orthogonal Wavelet Transform Based Video Watermarking Using Optimization Techniques
abstract: Watermarking is a component of inserting data into the multimedia, for example, image, audio or video. This paper propose a method for video watermarking using BWT and SVD to protect the copy right of images. In order to improve the efficiency of video watermarking two main processes are used namely watermark embedding process and watermark extraction process. Before embedding process the input video sequence convert into number of frames. BWT is applied in watermark image the improved artificial bee colony algorithm is proposed for generating random frame for the embedding process. The result obtain from the watermark embedding process is the watermark video sequence. Next watermark extraction process is carried out. It is the reverse process of watermark embedding. In watermark extraction process, it extracts the watermark image from the watermark video sequence.

title: A Survey on Robust Video Watermarking Algorithms for Copyright Protection
abstract: With the development and popularization of the Internet and the rise of various live broadcast platforms, digital videos have penetrated into all aspects of people's life. At the same time, all kinds of pirated videos are also flooding the Internet, which seriously infringe the rights and interests of video copyright owners and hinder the healthy development of the video industry. Therefore, robust video watermarking algorithms for copyright protection have emerged as these times require. In this paper, we review robust video watermarking algorithms for copyright protection based on original videos and compressed videos. Basic models and properties of video watermarking algorithms are described, and the evaluation indexes corresponding to each property are also introduced. To help researchers understand various existing robust watermarking algorithms quickly, some basic information and the quantitative estimation of several performances are analyzed and compared. Finally, we discuss the challenges in the research of robust video watermarking algorithms, and give possible development directions for the future.

title: Anti HEVC Recompression Video Watermarking Algorithm Based on the All Phase Biorthogonal Transform and SVD
abstract: With the rapid development of Internet of Things and multimedia technologies, people are paying more attention to the security of images and videos. To further improve the security of video content, a video watermarking algorithm based on the high efficiency video coding (HEVC) compression domain is proposed in this paper. The scheme embeds watermark information in the quantized coefficients, which can solve the cumulative error caused by watermark embedding. Moreover, the all phase biorthogonal transform (APBT) an improved transform, is used to compress the watermark data at the digital watermark preprocessing stage, optimize the watermark embedding scheme, and improve the embedding capacity of video watermarking. Due to the characteristics of HEVC video coding, most HEVC video watermarking schemes based on compression domain cannot resist recompression attack. To solve this problem, on the basis of APBT and singular value decomposition, an anti HEVC recompression video watermarking algorithm is proposed and can effectively resist the HEVC recompression. Experimental results show that even when the quantization parameter is larger than 40, the extracted watermark still has good image quality. In addition, the algorithm also has a good performance in noise resistance.