Query: Ambient Assisted Living

title: Ambient Assisted living system's models and architectures: A survey of the state of the art
abstract: The field of Ambient Assisted living (AAL) is evolving rapidly. Standardization, uniformities and facilitation in the system design, have become an urge to satisfy the growing needs for integrated solutions. In this context, Reference Models (RM) and Reference Architectures (RA) impose as suitable solutions for organizing the relationship between the different elements of a software. Furthermore, they achieve a well recognized understanding of the AAL domain by raising the congruency between the context, the goals and the design. In this paper, we investigate the AAL system requirements and implementation challenges. Moreover, we examined RM and RA definitions, demands and specifications with the perspective of, describing and evaluating AAL related ones, using quality attributes in a number of dimensions. Our main determination is giving an overview of the current state of the art of AAL oriented layouts, which we found generally research oriented ones, and most of them have been established with one specific concern. Our perspective is to improve and consolidate the future designs of the AAL models and architectures to implement the applications over a survival infrastructure.

title: NILM Techniques for Intelligent Home Energy Management and Ambient Assisted Living: A Review
abstract: The ongoing deployment of smart meters and different commercial devices has made electricity disaggregation feasible in buildings and households, based on a single measure of the current and, sometimes, of the voltage. Energy disaggregation is intended to separate the total power consumption into specific appliance loads, which can be achieved by applying Non Intrusive Load Monitoring (NILM) techniques with a minimum invasion of privacy. NILM techniques are becoming more and more widespread in recent years, as a consequence of the interest companies and consumers have in efficient energy consumption and management. This work presents a detailed review of NILM methods, focusing particularly on recent proposals and their applications, particularly in the areas of Home Energy Management Systems (HEMS) and Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) where the ability to determine the on/off status of certain devices can provide key information for making further decisions. As well as complementing previous reviews on the NILM field and providing a discussion of the applications of NILM in HEMS and AAL, this paper provides guidelines for future research in these topics.

title: Ambient Assisted Living and Internet of Things
abstract: The study of systems and architectures for ambient assisted living (AAL) is undoubtedly a topic of great relevance given the ageing of the world population. On the one hand, AAL technologies are designed to meet the needs of the ageing population in order to maintain their independence as long as possible. On the other hand, internet of things (IoT) proposes that various "things," which include not only communication devices but also every other physical object on the planet, are going to be connected and will be controlled across the internet. The continuous technological advancements turn possible to build smart objects with great capabilities for sensing and connecting turn possible several advancements in AAL and IoT systems architectures. Advances in networking, sensors, and embedded devices have made it possible to monitor and provide assistance to people in their homes. This chapter reviews the state of art on AAL and IoT and their applications for enhanced indoor living environments and occupational health.

title: A Review of Internet of Things Technologies for Ambient Assisted Living Environments
abstract: The internet of things (IoT) aims to extend the internet to real world objects, connecting smart and sensing devices into a global network infrastructure by connecting physical and virtual objects. The IoT has the potential to increase the quality of life of inhabitants and users of intelligent ambient assisted living (AAL) environments. The paper overviews and discusses the IoT technologies and their foreseen impacts and challenges for the AAL domain. The results of this review are summarized as the IoT based gerontechnology acceptance model for the assisted living domain. The model focuses on the acceptance of new technologies by older people and underscores the need for the adoption of the IoT for the AAL domain.

title: Smart healthcare framework for ambient assisted living using IoMT and big data analytics techniques
abstract: In the era of pervasive computing, human living has become smarter by the latest advancements in IoMT (Internet of Medical Things) wearable sensors and telecommunication technologies in order to deliver smart healthcare services. IoMT has the potential to revolutionize the healthcare industry. IoMT interconnects wearable sensors, patients, healthcare providers and caregivers via software and ICT (Information and Communication Technology) AAL (Ambient Assisted Living) enables integration of new technologies to be part of our daily life activities. In this paper, we have provided a novel smart healthcare framework for AAL to monitor the physical activities of elderly people using IoMT and intelligent machine learning algorithms for faster analysis, decision making and better treatment recommendations. Data is collected from multiple wearable sensors placed on subject's left ankle, right arm, and chest, is transmitted through IoMT devices to the integrated cloud and data analytics layer. To process huge amounts of data in parallel, Hadoop MapReduce techniques are used. Multinomial Naive Bayes classifier, which fits into the MapReduce paradigm, is utilized to recognize the motion experienced by different body parts and provides higher scalability and better performance with parallel processing when compared to serial processor. Our proposed framework predicts 12 physical activities with an overall accuracy of 97.1% This can be considered as an optimal solution for recognizing physical activities to remotely monitor health conditions of elderly people.

title: Standardising the use of Duplex Channels in 5G WiFi Networking for Ambient Assisted Living
abstract: The sphere of ambient assisted living(AAL) is introduced to simplify and automate processes that do not require human intervention. One such case involves patient monitoring. Continual human involvement in monitoring is not only expensive, but also leads to the wastage of human hours, that could be utilised elsewhere. AAL simplifies the process by providing a round the clock assessment of a patient through wireless sensor networks. We explore the possibility of full duplex 5G communications for monitoring systems in this paper. By isolating communicating nodes in a sensor network with corresponding server nodes, we propose a system for full duplex conveyance. We analyze the proffered system for delay and accurate packet delivery for the scenarios of static and mobile patients.

title: Air Quality Monitoring Using Assistive Robots for Ambient Assisted Living and Enhanced Living Environments through Internet of Things
abstract: The system can communicate with occupants and triggers alerts automatically using social networks. The information can be accessed by the caregiver to plan interventions for enhanced living environments in a timely manner. The results are promising, as the proposed architecture presents a cost effective assistive robot for indoor quality monitoring. It connects several technological fields and knowledge areas, such as ambient assisted living, Internet of Things, wireless sensor networks, social networks, and indoor air quality. When compared to other systems, iAirBot stands out for the modularity and scalability of its sensors network, as well as the use of social networks for information sharing. Therefore, iAirBot is a significant system for enhanced living environments, occupational health, and well being.

title: Listening to the ones who care: exploring the perceptions of informal caregivers towards ambient assisted living applications
abstract: Ambient assisted living (AAL) technologies have received increased attention from government, industry and research. Informal caregivers will be directly affected by the use of these technologies and are likely to be key influencers in the adoption decision of older adults. However, so far the informal caregivers' perceptions, concerns and needs have been mostly overlooked in AAL research. To address these shortcomings, two studies were conducted. Study I consisted of 20 in depth interviews with informal caregivers to investigate their perception of various AAL applications. In Study II these findings were validated with regard to our own prototype application called SONOPA. The second study included couples of informal caregivers and care receivers to compare both user groups. Although informal caregivers had a more positive attitude than care receivers and appreciated the opportunities of AAL technologies (e.g. increased safety, peace of mind) they also had several concern such as invading the care receiver's privacy, the lack of human touch, and the care receiver's technology experience. To address these concerns, informal caregivers should be more involved when developing AAL applications.

title: The European Union's Ambient and Assisted Living Joint Programme: An evaluation of its impact on population health and well being
abstract: The Ambient Assisted Living Joint Programme, instituted in 2008 by the European Union, aimed to create better living conditions for older adults through the funding of information and communications technology projects. This review aimed to uncover what can be learned from the Ambient Assisted Living Joint Programme by determining (1) the target populations served, (2) technology based interventions used and (3) effects on health and well being outcomes. Information from the Ambient Assisted Living catalogue, project websites and deliverables and from papers in PubMed and EMBASE was reviewed. Overall, 152 projects from the first six rounds of funding were identified. Sensors, computers, phones, tablets and televisions were used for various purposes, that is, monitoring, feedback, coaching, reminders and communication. In total, 12 projects reported evaluating health and well being outcomes; however, these evaluations demonstrated poor methodological quality. Only three projects reported exact values. For all other projects, published evidence on the effect of these projects on health and well being outcomes was not available.

title: Privacy Perceptions in Ambient Assisted Living
abstract: Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) Technologies may help address the challenges that the ageing populations pose on the health care systems by supporting older adults in ageing in place, improving independence, and quality of care. Technology acceptance by the potential users and particularly privacy concerns are decisive obstacles to the widespread use of AAL. In order to examine privacy perceptions in detail, 86 participants (50% older than 50 years) evaluated AAL technologies and privacy concerns in a questionnaire approach. Additionally, with Maximum Difference Scaling the importance of AAL system characteristics to privacy perceptions by the users was investigated. Overall, the attitude towards AAL is positive, privacy concerns regarding the misuse of data, feeling of surveillance, and obtrusiveness of the technology are prevalent but not tremendous. Who has access to the data is by far the most important characteristic of an AAL system for the users' privacy. Prominence of the system, sensor location, and sensor types are least important. The results contribute an important understanding of how AAL technologies need to be designed to respect users privacy.