Query: Firmiana major.

title: Conserving Firmiana major, a tree species endemic to China

title: Complete chloroplast genome of Firmiana major (Malvaceae) a critically endangered species endemic to southwest China (vol 10, pg 713, 2018)

title: Sunbirds serve as major pollinators for various populations of Firmiana kwangsiensis, a tree endemic to South China
abstract: Loss of local, effective pollinators may potentially limit plant reproductive success but the plant pollinator interactions could be rescued if the plant does not reject other pollen vectors. Firmiana kwangsiensis H.H. Hsue (Malvaceae) is an endangered tree endemic to limestone areas in South China. Although its preservation status is listed as "critically endangered" its reproductive ecology is little known. We compared floral visitors in three wild populations and one transplanted population. Such a comparison allows us to see whether the pollinator assemblage varies geographically and to examine the plasticity of plant pollinator interactions, informing sustainable ex situ conservation. Our pollination experiments indicated that fruit/seed set in F. kwangsiensis largely depended on pollinator visits, and was greatly reduced under hand self pollination or exclusion of bird visits. Floral visitors included sunbirds, butterflies, and bees (honeybee and wasp) but their visitation frequency varied in the four populations. The sunbird Nectarinia jugularis was the major pollinator in the three wild populations, but was replaced by the other sunbird Aethopyga christinae in the ex situ population. This tree is showy, with orange red flowers blooming before the leaves emerge. The calyx tube accumulates a large volume of dilute nectar (sugar concentration was 9.5% in the morning, rewarding sunbird pollinators. Our investigations indicated that sunbirds rather than insects served as a functional group of pollinators for this endangered species. Successful ex situ conservation of this type of plant needs to consider the availability of potential pollinators.

title: DrugBank 5.0: a major update to the DrugBank database for 2018
abstract: DrugBank (www.drugbank.ca) is a web enabled database containing comprehensive molecular information about drugs, their mechanisms, their interactions and their targets. First described in 2006, DrugBank has continued to evolve over the past 12 years in response to marked improvements to web standards and changing needs for drug research and development. This year's update, DrugBank 5.0, represents the most significant upgrade to the database in more than 10 years. In many cases, existing data content has grown by 100% or more over the last update. For instance, the total number of investigational drugs in the database has grown by almost 300% the number of drug drug interactions has grown by nearly 600% and the number of SNP associated drug effects has grown more than 3000% Significant improvements have been made to the quantity, quality and consistency of drug indications, drug binding data as well as drug drug and drug food interactions. A great deal of brand new data have also been added to DrugBank 5.0. This includes information on the influence of hundreds of drugs on metabolite levels (pharmacometabolomics) gene expression levels (pharmacotranscriptomics) and protein expression levels (pharmacoprotoemics) New data have also been added on the status of hundreds of new drug clinical trials and existing drug repurposing trials. Many other important improvements in the content, interface and performance of the DrugBank website have been made and these should greatly enhance its ease of use, utility and potential applications in many areas of pharmacological research, pharmaceutical science and drug education.

title: Genome wide association analyses identify 44 risk variants and refine the genetic architecture of major depression
abstract: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common illness accompanied by considerable morbidity, mortality, costs, and heightened risk of suicide. We conducted a genome wide association meta analysis based in 135,458 cases and 344,901 controls and identified 44 independent and significant loci. The genetic findings were associated with clinical features of major depression and implicated brain regions exhibiting anatomical differences in cases. Targets of antidepressant medications and genes involved in gene splicing were enriched for smaller association signal. We found important relationships of genetic risk for major depression with educational attainment, body mass, and schizophrenia: lower educational attainment and higher body mass were putatively causal, whereas major depression and schizophrenia reflected a partly shared biological etiology. All humans carry lesser or greater numbers of genetic risk factors for major depression. These findings help refine the basis of major depression and imply that a continuous measure of risk underlies the clinical phenotype.A genome wide association meta analysis of individuals with clinically assessed or self reported depression identifies 44 independent risk loci. Comparisons with other psychiatric disorders and candidate gene analyses provide new insights into major depressive disorder.

title: HPLC DAD ESI MS/MS analysis of fruits from Firmiana simplex (L. and evaluation of their antioxidant and antigenotoxic properties
abstract: The secondary metabolites of the fruits of Firmiana simplex (L. were analysed by LC DAD ESI MS/MS; furthermore, we evaluated their antioxidant and antigenotoxic properties.

title: Comparative efficacy and acceptability of 21 antidepressant drugs for the acute treatment of adults with major depressive disorder: a systematic review and network meta analysis
abstract: Major depressive disorder is one of the most common, burdensome, and costly psychiatric disorders worldwide in adults. Pharmacological and non pharmacological treatments are available; however, because of inadequate resources, antidepressants are used more frequently than psychological interventions. Prescription of these agents should be informed by the best available evidence. Therefore, we aimed to update and expand our previous work to compare and rank antidepressants for the acute treatment of adults with unipolar major depressive disorder.  We did a systematic review and network meta analysis. We searched Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL, Embase, LILACS database, MEDLINE, MEDLINE In Process, PsycINFO, the websites of regulatory agencies, and international registers for published and unpublished, double blind, randomised controlled trials from their inception to Jan 8, 2016. We included placebo controlled and head to head trials of 21 antidepressants used for the acute treatment of adults =18 years old and of both sexes) with major depressive disorder diagnosed according to standard operationalised criteria. We excluded quasi randomised trials and trials that were incomplete or included 20% or more of participants with bipolar disorder, psychotic depression, or treatment resistant depression; or patients with a serious concomitant medical illness. We extracted data following a predefined hierarchy. In network meta analysis, we used group level data. We assessed the studies' risk of bias in accordance to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions, and certainty of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation framework. Primary outcomes were efficacy (response rate) and acceptability (treatment discontinuations due to any cause) We estimated summary odds ratios (ORs) using pairwise and network meta analysis with random effects.   We identified 28 552 citations and of these included 522 trials comprising 116 477 participants. In terms of efficacy, all antidepressants were more effective than placebo, with ORs ranging between 2*13 (95% credible interval [CrI] 1*89 2*41) for amitriptyline and 1*37 (1*16 1*63) for reboxetine. For acceptability, only agomelatine (OR 0*84, 95% CrI 0*72 0*97) and fluoxetine (0*88, 0*80 0*96) were associated with fewer dropouts than placebo, whereas clomipramine was worse than placebo (1*30, 1*01 1*68) When all trials were considered, differences in ORs between antidepressants ranged from 1*15 to 1*55 for efficacy and from 0*64 to 0*83 for acceptability, with wide CrIs on most of the comparative analyses. In head to head studies, agomelatine, amitriptyline, escitalopram, mirtazapine, paroxetine, venlafaxine, and vortioxetine were more effective than other antidepressants (range of ORs 1*19 1*96) whereas fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, reboxetine, and trazodone were the least efficacious drugs (0*51 0*84) For acceptability, agomelatine, citalopram, escitalopram, fluoxetine, sertraline, and vortioxetine were more tolerable than other antidepressants (range of ORs 0*43 0*77) whereas amitriptyline, clomipramine, duloxetine, fluvoxamine, reboxetine, trazodone, and venlafaxine had the highest dropout rates (1*30 2*32) 46 (9% of 522 trials were rated as high risk of bias, 380 (73% trials as moderate, and 96 (18% as low; and the certainty of evidence was moderate to very low.  All antidepressants were more efficacious than placebo in adults with major depressive disorder. Smaller differences between active drugs were found when placebo controlled trials were included in the analysis, whereas there was more variability in efficacy and acceptability in head to head trials. These results should serve evidence based practice and inform patients, physicians, guideline developers, and policy makers on the relative merits of the different antidepressants. Funding National Institute for Health Research Oxford Health Biomedical Research Centre and the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science.

title: Detection of Firmiana danxiaensis Canopies by a Customized Imaging System Mounted on an UAV Platform
abstract: The objective of this study was to test the effectiveness of mapping the canopies of Firmiana danxiaensis (FD) a rare and endangered plant species in China, from remotely sensed images acquired by a customized imaging system mounted on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) The work was conducted in an experiment site (approximately 10 km2) at the foot of Danxia Mountain in Guangdong Province, China. The study was conducted as an experimental task for a to be launched large scale FD surveying on Danxia Mountain (about 200 km2 in area) by remote sensing on UAV platforms. First, field based spectra were collected through hand held hyperspectral spectroradiometer and then analyzed to help design a classification schema which was capable of differentiating the targeted plant species in the study site. Second, remote sensed images for the experiment site were acquired and calibrated through a variety of preprocessing steps. Orthoimages and a digital surface model (DSM) were generated as input data from the calibrated UAV images. The spectra and geometry features were used to segment the preprocessed UAV imagery into homogeneous patches. Lastly, a hierarchical classification, combined with a support vector machine (SVM) was proposed to identify FD canopies from the segmented patches. The effectiveness of the classification was evaluated by on site GPS recordings. The result illustrated that the proposed hierarchical classification schema with a SVM classifier on the remote sensing imagery collected by the imaging system on UAV provided a promising method for mapping of the spatial distribution of the FD canopies, which serves as a replacement for field surveys in the attempt to realize a wide scale plant survey by the local governments.

title: brrsy thr tymrhy mkhtlf dr shkhstn khwb w tHrykh jwnhzny bdhr (Firmiana simplex)
abstract: b twjh bh ynkhh jwnhzny bdhr drkht sydlshjr (Firmiana simplex L. mshkhl bwdh w tkhthyr bdhry yn gyh r b mshkhlty rwbrw khrdh st, ldh dr yn pjwhsh bh brrsy `wml bzdrndh jwnh zny bdhr w chgwngy rf` anh prdkhth shdh st. yn azmyshh dr qlb TrH khml tSdfy w bh Swrt fkhtwryl b sh tkhrr dr azmyshgh `lwm bGbny dnshgh `lwm khshwrzy w mnb` Tby`y grgn dr sl 1393 jr shd. bry rf` khwb fyzykhy (pwsth skht) z tymrhy mkhnykhy khrshdhy b msh ryz bh mdt Sfr, 5, 10 w 15 dqyqh, ab grm (70 drjh sntygrd) w syd (qrr ddnbdhwr dr mHlwl syd swlfwrykh GlyZ bh mdt 1, 5 w 10 dqyqh w sps shstshw b ab bh mdt 20 dqyqh) w bry rf` khwb fyzywlwjykh, srmdhy bhmdt 30, 45 w 60 rwz dr dmy3 t 6 drjh sntygrd `ml grdyd. ntyj nshn dd khh bltryn drSd jwnhzny mrbwT bh khrshdhy b msh (78 drSd) bh mdt 15 dqyqh w 30 rwz chynh srmyy bwd. dr byn hmh tymrh khmtryn myzn jwnh zny mrbwT bh tymr shhd (4.6 drSd) bwd. z tymrhy gwngwny khh bh mnZwr shkhstn khftgy mwjwd dr bdhr drkht sydlshjr z anh stfdh shd, chnyn ntyjh gyry shd khh bdhrhy dry khftgy dwgnh pwsth bdhr w khftgy rwyny mybshd. hmchnyn ntyj nshn dd stqrr gyhchh hy HSl z yn tymr khrsh dhy (86.6) dr mqysh b syr tymrh bh khSwS shhd (bdwn khrshdhy) byshtr bwdh st.

title: Pollen characters of Firmiana malayana Kostem. (Malvaceae: Sterculoideae) in Malaysia
abstract: Firmiana malayana also known as "Bullocks eye or Mata Lembu" in Malaysia and can be found along riverbanks and open forests in Peninsular Malaysia and seldom planted in populated areas. The flowers of the Firmiana malayana are vivid orange in colour, on tassels up to 12?cm long. Usually this species will shed its leaves after a dry period and remains bare for six to eight weeks. The objective of this study is to determine the pollen morphological characteristics of the Firmiana malayana in order to add more information on the species under the family of Sterculiaceae in Malaysia. Methods for this study includes acetolysis technique for the pollens and viewed under light microscope and scanning electron microscope. Results shown that the pollens of the species Firmiana malayana appeared to be monad and dyad with tricolporate class with both porate and colpus present. The shape of this species is prolate with P/E index of 1.49. This species was considered as medium size pollens as the pollens ranges from 26 36?mm. The ornamentation of the pollen is reticulate where the ornamentation is network like pattern formed by exine elements of lumen and murus. Based on the results obtained, pollen morphology is a great tool that can aid in plant identification and classification as well having taxonomic values.