Query: Fenton RhB

title: A Fenton Like Nanocatalyst Based on Easily Separated Magnetic Nanorings for Oxidation and Degradation of Dye Pollutant
abstract: In this study, uniform Fe3O4 magnetic nanorings (Fe3O4 MNRs) were prepared through a simple hydrothermal method. The morphology, magnetic properties, and structure of the product were characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM) scanning electron microscope (SEM) high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) X ray powder diffraction (XRD) and X ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) respectively. The Fe3O4 MNRs were used as Fenton like catalysts in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and showed excellent Fenton catalytic activity for degradation of organic dyes such as Methylene blue (MB) Rhodamine B (RhB) and Bromophenol blue (BPB) Furthermore, the obtained Fe3O4 MNRs could be recycled after used for several times and still remained in a relative high activity and could rapidly be separated from the reaction medium using a magnet without considerable loss. All results reveal that Fe3O4 MNRs have potential for the treatment of dyes pollutants.

title: Efficiency and mechanisms of rhodamine B degradation in Fenton like systems based on zero valent iron
abstract: Based on the Fe0/H2O2 heterogeneous Fenton system, the degradation of rhodamine B (RhB, an organic dye pollutant) was researched in this paper. The effects of initial pH value, concentration of H2O2, dosage of zero valent iron (ZVI) and initial RhB concentration on RhB degradation by Fe0/H2O2 were studied. The results showed that when the initial pH 4, dosage of ZVI was 9 mM, and concentrations of H2O2 and RhB were 8 mM and 0.1 mM, respectively, the color of RhB could be completely faded within 30 min, and the total organic carbon (TOC) removal percentage was about 63% after 120 min. The dissolved oxygen (DO) content and oxidation reduction potential (ORP) were monitored during the reaction. Quenching experiments with methanol confirmed that the degradation of the dye was mainly due to oxidation by the .OH radical. Besides, the results from UV Vis spectroscopy showed that the degradation of RhB was mainly due to the destruction of the conjugated oxygen hetero anthracene in the RhB molecule. The solid phase characterization of the ZVI samples after reaction confirmed that the original regular and slippery ZVI samples finally were corroded into rough and irregular lepidocrocite and magnetite. Two possible competitive reaction pathways for the degradation of RhB by Fe0/H2O2 were proposed by GC MS analysis, which were attributed to the dissociation of ethyl radicals and the degradation of chromophore radicals.

title: Enhancement of photo Fenton catalytic activity with the assistance of oxalic acid on the kaolin FeOOH system for the degradation of organic dyes
abstract: Degradation mechanism of the K Fe/oxalic acid/H2O2/visible light system.

title: Magnetic recyclable CoFe2O4@PPy prepared by in situ Fenton oxidization polymerization with advanced photo Fenton performance
abstract: Here we present a magnetic recyclable photo Fenton catalyst CoFe2O4@PPy with uniform morphology and excellent dispersibility prepared via simple in situ Fenton oxidization polymerization. The CoFe2O4 core provides good magnetic recyclability for the catalysts as well as the ion source for catalyzed decomposition of H2O2 in PPy coating. The optimal catalytic effect can be obtained by adjusting the ratio of CoFe2O4 and PPy. Methylene blue, Methyl orange and Rhodamine B (RhB) employed as model pollutants certificated that the catalyst exhibits a wide range of photodegradability. The decoloration rates reach nearly 100% in the photodegradation of 10 mg L 1 RhB after 2 h visible light irradiation and only low toxicity small molecules are detected by LC MS. Moreover, the catalytic activity remains after 5 cycles with decoloration rates up to 90% The degradation measurement in the presence of scavengers of reactive species reveals that the positive holes (h+ and hydroxyl radical *OH) are the main reactive oxygen species in the CoFe2O4@PPy system. The performance enhancement may be attributed to the combination of improved Fenton activity by coordinated Fe2+ and PPy redox pairs and photo catalytic activity by broaden adsorption and photo generated charge separation.

title: Facile Production of a Fenton Like Photocatalyst by Two Step Calcination with a Broad pH Adaptability
abstract: A novel heterogeneous Fenton like photocatalyst, Fe doped graphitic carbon nitride (Fe g C3N4) was produced by facile two step calcination method. This Fe g C3N4 catalyzed rhodamine B degradation in the presence of H2O2 accompanied with visible light irradiation. transmission electron microscopy(TEM) x ray diffraction (XRD) FT IR, x ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and photoluminescence fluorescent spectrometer (PL) characterization analysis methods were adopted to evaluate the physicochemical property of samples. It can be observed that the Fe g C3N4 exhibited excellent photocatalytic Fenton like activity at a wide pH range of 3 9, with rhodamine B(RhB) degradation efficiency up to 95.5% after irradiation for 45 min in the presence of 1.0 mM H2O2. Its high activity was ascribed to the formation of Fe N ligands in the triazine rings that accelerated electron movement driving the Fe(III)/Fe(II) redox cycle, and inhibited photo generated electron hole re combinations for continuous generation of reactive oxygen species by reactions between Fe(II) and H2O2. The main active oxygen species were hydroxyl radicals, followed by superoxide radicals and hole electrons. This produced catalyst of Fe g C3N4 shows excellent reusability and stability, and can be a promising candidate for decontamination of wastewater.

title: Microwave Assisted Synthesis of Chalcopyrite/Silver Phosphate Composites with Enhanced Degradation of Rhodamine B under Photo Fenton Process
abstract: A new composite by coupling chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) with silver phosphate (Ag3PO4) (CuFeS2/Ag3PO4) was proposed by using a cyclic microwave heating method. The prepared composites were characterized by scanning and transmission electron microscopy and X ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, UV Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and X ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Under optimum conditions and 2.5 W irradiation (wavelength length 420 nm, power density 0.38 Wcm 2) 96% of rhodamine B (RhB) was degraded by CuFeS2/Ag3PO4 within a 1 min photo Fenton reaction, better than the performance of Ag3PO4 (25% degradation within 10 min) CuFeS2 (87.7% degradation within 1 min) and mechanically mixed CuFeS2/Ag3PO4 catalyst. RhB degradation mainly depended on the amount of hydroxyl radicals generated from the Fenton reaction. The degradation mechanism of CuFeS2/Ag3PO4 from the photo Fenton reaction was deduced using a free radical trapping experiment, the chemical reaction of coumarin, and photocurrent and luminescence response. The incorporation of CuFeS2 in Ag3PO4 enhanced the charge separation of Ag3PO4 and reduced Ag3PO4 photocorrosion as the photogenerated electrons on Ag3PO4 were transferred to regenerate Cu2+/Fe3+ ions produced from the Fenton reaction to Cu+/Fe2+ ions, thus simultaneously maintaining the CuFeS2 intact. This demonstrates the synergistic effect on material stability. However, hydroxyl radicals were produced by both the photogenerated holes of Ag3PO4 and the Fenton reaction of CuFeS2 as another synergistic effect in catalysis. Notably, the degradation performance and the reusability of CuFeS2/Ag3PO4 were promoted. The practical applications of this new material were demonstrated from the effective performance of CuFeS2/Ag3PO4 composites in degrading various dyestuffs (90 98.9% degradation within 10 min) and dyes in environmental water samples (tap water, river water, pond water, seawater, treated wastewater) through enhanced the Fenton reaction under sunlight irradiation.

title: Facile Synthesis of 3D Structured NiS as an Excellent Fenton like Catalyst under Various pH through Different Mechanisms.
abstract: Two dimensional (2D) layer structured transition metal sulfide shows excellent Fenton catalytic properties, which has attracted much attention. However, the release of metal cations from the catalyst induces secondary environmental pollution. In the present study, 3D constructed NiS assembled by 2D nanosheets was synthesized by a hydrothermal method. The NiS displayed high levels of Fenton catalytic activity for the degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) under a wide pH range from 5.60 to 12.21. However, Ni2+ was released in acidic solutions, and the released Ni2+ decreased with increasing pH. The catalytic mechanisms in acidic and alkaline solutions were explored. The high Fenton catalytic activity benefits from the synergistic effect of the Ni2+ and the S2 at pH 5.60. At pH 12.21, the S atom accelerated the electron transfer between the Ni(III) and Ni(II) at the NiS surface. The material kept the same catalytic activity for many cycles. These results demonstrate that NiS can be used as a catalyst for the Fenton process in alkaline conditions.

title: 2D In Plane CuS/Bi2WO6 p n Heterostructures with Promoted Visible Light Driven Photo Fenton Degradation Performance
abstract: Photo Fenton degradation of pollutants in wastewater is an ideal choice for large scale practical applications. Herein, two dimensional (2D) in plane CuS/Bi2WO6 p n heterostructures have been successfully constructed by an in situ assembly strategy and characterized using XRD, XPS, SEM/TEM, EDX, UV Vis DRS, PL, TR PL, ESR, and VB XPS techniques. The XPS and the TEM results confirm the formation of CuS/Bi2WO6 heterostructures. The as constructed CuS/Bi2WO6 showed excellent absorption in visible region and superior charge carrier separation efficiency due to the formation of a type II heterojunctions. Under visible light irradiation, 0.1% CuS/Bi2WO6 heterostructure exhibited the best photo Fenton like catalytic performance. The degradation efficiency of Rhodamine B (RhB, 20 mg*L 1) can reach nearly 100% within 25 min, the apparent rate constant (kapp/min 1) is approximately 40.06 and 3.87 times higher than that of pure CuS and Bi2WO6, respectively. The degradation efficiency of tetracycline hydrochloride (TC HCl, 40mg*L 1) can reach 73% in 50 min by employing 0.1% CuS/Bi2WO6 heterostructure as a photo Fenton like catalyst. The promoted photo Fenton catalytic activity of CuS/Bi2WO6 p n heterostructures is partly ascribed to its low carriers recombination rate. Importantly, CuS in CuS/Bi2WO6 heterostructures is conducive to the formation of heterogeneous photo Fenton catalytic system, in which Bi2WO6 provides a strong reaction site for CuS to avoid the loss of Cu2+ in Fenton reaction, resulting in its excellent stability and reusability. The possible photo Fenton like catalytic degradation mechanism of RhB and TC HCl was also elucidated on the basis of energy band structure analysis and radical scavenger experiments. The present study provides strong evidence for CuS/Bi2WO6 heterostructures to be used as promising candidates for photo Fenton treatment of organic pollutants.

title: Fenton Like Degradation of Rhodamine B over Highly Durable Cu Embedded Alumina: Kinetics and Mechanism
abstract: Cu embedded mesoporous alumina, as a Fenton like catalyst prepared via a sol gel method, showed excellent activity and durability for the degradation of refectory compounds. The origin of active sites for the generation of hydroxyl radicals *OH) were thoroughly studied using multi techniques. Cu, as the only active element, could be penetrated into the bulk of alumina and some Cu atoms were embedded into the framework. The dynamic structure of surface Cu species (the variety of Cu+/Cu2+ ratio) during the reaction were determined as well. Furthermore, the structure plasticity of catalyst has proved by optimizing preparation and reaction conditions. A 98.53% degradation of RhB was recorded within 30 min, following a pseudo first order reaction rate expression. Electron spin resonance spectra and *OH scavenging experiments have confirmed that *OH is the main reactive oxidant for the elimination of RhB. By the surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy and gas chromatography mass spectrometer results, plausible pathways of RhB degradation were elaborated. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Preparation of a fullerene[60] iron oxide complex for the photo fenton degradation of organic contaminants under visible light irradiation
abstract: Iron oxide (Fe2O3) was doped onto fullerene[60] (C60) to form a C60 Fe2O3 composite using an easy and scalable impregnation method. The as prepared C60 Fe2O3 samples were characterized by powder X ray diffraction, X ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscopy, UV vis absorption spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity of the C60 Fe2O3 catalyst was evaluated by examining the degradation of methylene blue (MB) rhodamine B (RhB) methyl orange (MO) and phenol under visible light (l 420 nm) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. The results showed that the catalyst exhibited excellent catalytic properties over a wide pH range 3.06 10.34. Under optimal conditions, 98.9% discoloration and 71% mineralization of MB were achieved in 80 min. Leaching test results indicated that the leaching of iron from the catalyst was negligible and that the catalyst had a high photocatalytic activity after five reaction cycles. The catalyst was also efficient in the degradation of RhB, MO, and phenol. These findings could be attributed to the synergetic effects of C60 and Fe2O3. We used active species trapping experiments to determine the main active oxidant in the photocatalytic reaction process and found that hydroxyl radicals played a major role in the entire process.