Query: fluorescent  sensors review

title: Design of fluorescent sensors based on azaheterocyclic push pull systems towards nitroaromatic explosives and related compounds: A review
abstract: Highly sensitive and selective detection of nitro containing high energy organic compounds such as picric acid (PA) 2,4,6 trinitrotoluene (TNT) and 2,4 dinitrotoluene (DNT) has become a challenging task due to concerns over national security, criminal investigations and environment protections. Among various known detection methods, fluorescence sensors have gained special attention in recent time. The family of fluorescent sensors based on push pull systems that incorporate nitrogen heterocycles as an electron withdrawing group have a growing interest due to their high sensitivity, selectivity and easy tuning. The fluorescent sensors discussed in this review are classified and organized according to used azaheterocyclic scaffold, their functionality and their ability to detect of nitroaromatics by fluorescence quenching.

title: Fluorescent sensors for the detection of hydrazine in environmental and biological systems: Recent advances and future prospects
abstract: Being a widely used raw material in the manufacture of synthetic catalysts, agricultural chemicals and pharmaceutical products, hydrazine (N2H4) caused irreversible pollution to air, water and soil in our environment owing to its high toxic impact and massive use. In addition, during the metabolism process of certain drugs, such as isoniazid (INH) hydrazine can also be released, causing serious harm to human body. It has been proved by previous researches that hydrazine could cause several adverse effects, including the inhibition of molecular metabolism, mitochondrial oxidation and DNA damage. Thus, methods which could sensitively and selectively detect hydrazine in vivo and in vitro are in urgent need. Fluorescent sensors, a powerful tool for efficiently evaluating the hydrazine levels in environmental and living systems with minimal perturbation, were widely studied over the past few years. Since the number of the fluorescent sensors for hydrazine detection has grown rapidly, this review attempted to present a well organized overview of existing design strategies for developing fluorescent sensors for hydrazine, including both reaction based sensors and material based sensors from 2011 to the present. The molecular structures, sensing mechanisms and applications of these sensors were emphatically classified and discussed. Moreover, the following prospects and challenges of this field were also provided.

title: A review of recent developments in fluorescent sensors for the selective detection of palladium ions
abstract: Palladium is one of the important elements used in various industries, such as fuel cells, automobile, dental crowns and catalysts in drug synthesis. Its extensive use and waste produced have raised pollution emissions to water sources and soils, and have severe effects on plants, animals and humans. As a result, many methods have been developed to assess the levels of palladium in drug chemicals, food and crops. The dietary intake per person is limited to CN bond cleavage, oxidative cyclization and cross coupling reactions. The basic principles involved in the design of chemosensors for the selective analysis of palladium, problems and challenges in the field as well as possible future research directions are presented.

title: Fluorescent Sensors for the Detection of Heavy Metal Ions in Aqueous Media
abstract: Due to the risks that water contamination implies for human health and environmental protection, monitoring the quality of water is a major concern of the present era. Therefore, in recent years several efforts have been dedicated to the development of fast, sensitive, and selective sensors for the detection of heavy metal ions. In particular, fluorescent sensors have gained in popularity due to their interesting features, such as high specificity, sensitivity, and reversibility. Thus, this review is devoted to the recent advances in fluorescent sensors for the monitoring of these contaminants, and special focus is placed on those devices based on fluorescent aptasensors, quantum dots, and organic dyes.

title: Lighting Up Live Cell and In Vivo Central Carbon Metabolism with Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Sensors.
abstract: As the core component of cell metabolism, central carbon metabolism, consisting of glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway, and the tricarboxylic acid cycle converts nutrients into metabolic precursors for biomass and energy to sustain the life of virtually all extant species. The metabolite levels or distributions in central carbon metabolism often change dynamically with cell fates, development, and disease progression. However, traditional biochemical methods require cell lysis, making it challenging to obtain spatiotemporal information about metabolites in living cells and in vivo. Genetically encoded fluorescent sensors allow the rapid, sensitive, specific, and real time readout of metabolite dynamics in living organisms, thereby offering the potential to fill the gap in current techniques. In this review, we introduce recent progress made in the development of genetically encoded fluorescent sensors for central carbon metabolism and discuss their advantages, disadvantages, and applications. Moreover, several future directions of metabolite sensors are also proposed. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry, Volume 13 is June 12, 2020. Please see http:/www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

title: Evolution of electrospun nanofibers fluorescent and colorimetric sensors for environmental toxicants, pH, temperature, and cancer cells A review with insights on applications
abstract: Heavy metal and other toxicant detection in natural resources like water, air, soil and food is vital for environmental safety, personal hygiene, and public health care. Abundant number of sensor has acquired its wide and pivotal role in establishing the peaceful and healthy environments. The reliable features such as detection range, response/recovery time, stability and portability is in its urgency for achieving its lifetime applicability. For ultrasensitive chemosensory applications, colorimetric and fluorescent nanofibers engender a linear range, the lowest detection limit, and faster response toward harmful toxic pollutants such as heavy metals and other toxicants including gases, pH, temperature, humidity, and cancer cells. In this review, we surveyed various modes of sensing, sensor fabrication and the evolution of naked eye visible color optical sensors developed with electrospun nanofibrous membranes along with their strength and weaknesses. The review outlines the obstacles, trends and breakthroughs achieved in optical sensory nanofibers and it will definitely inspire the research community in recognizing and overcoming the interdisciplinary challenges to achieve the cleaner greener environment.

title: Review of the Small Molecular Fluorescent Sensors for Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species

title: The Recent Advances of Fluorescent Sensors Based on Molecularly Imprinted Fluorescent Nanoparticles for Pharmaceutical Analysis
abstract: Fluorescent nanoparticles have good chemical stability and photostability, controllable optical properties and larger stokes shift. In light of their designability and functionability, the fluorescent nanoparticles are widely used as the fluorescent probes for diverse applications. To enhance the sensitivity and selectivity, the combination of the fluorescent nanoparticles with the molecularly imprinted polymer, i.e. molecularly imprinted fluorescent nanoparticles (MIFN) was an effective way. The sensor based on MIFN (the MIFN sensor) could be more compatible with the complex sample matrix, which was especially widely adopted in medical and biological analysis. In this mini review, the construction method, detective mechanism and types of MIFN sensors are elaborated. The current applications of MIFN sensors in pharmaceutical analysis, including pesticides/herbicide, veterinary drugs/drugs residues and human related proteins, are highlighted based on the literature in the recent three years. Finally, the research prospect and development trend of the MIFN sensor are forecasted.

title: Fluorescent sensors for neuronal signaling
abstract: Dissecting neuronal structure and function in relation to behavior is an immense undertaking. Researchers require imaging tools to study neuronal activity and biochemical signaling in situ in order to study the roles of neuronal and biochemical activity in information processing. A large number of genetically encoded fluorescent biosensors have been reported in the literature over the past few years as there is a push to develop new technology in neuroscience. Here, we review the classes and characteristics of fluorescent biosensors and highlight some considerations that investigators should keep in mind when choosing their tool. In addition, we discuss recent advances in biosensor development.

title: Whispering gallery mode (WGM) sensors: review of established and WGM based techniques to study protein conformational dynamics.
abstract: Monitoring the conformational dynamics of proteins is crucial for a better understanding of their biological functions. To observe the structural dynamics of proteins, it is often necessary to study each molecule individually. To this end, single molecule techniques have been developed such as Forster resonance energy transfer and optical tweezers. However, although powerful, these techniques do have their limitations, for example, limited temporal resolution, or necessity for fluorescent labelling, and they can often only access a limited set of all protein motions. Here, within the context of established structural biology techniques, we review a new class of highly sensitive optical devices based on WGM, which characterise protein dynamics on previously inaccessible timescales, visualise motions throughout a protein, and track movements of single atoms.