Query: "community resilience"

title: Two Sides of the Same Coin: Business Resilience and Community Resilience
abstract: The resilience of small businesses and how that relates to community resilience, especially in rural communities has remained an under researched aspect of community resilience. This exploratory study aims to understand the relationship between business resilience and community resilience in rural communities. Firstly, the research seeks to understand the role that small businesses play in contributing to community resilience activities. The paper then sheds light on enabling and challenging factors that shape how small businesses prepare for and respond to weather related emergencies through the lens of flooding. Data were collected through in depth semi structured interviews and surveys with rural small businesses in Scotland. The analysis of the data suggests that businesses play an advisory and advocacy roles, make financial and material contributions to local community resilience activities and contribute to quick community recovery through various dimensions of corporate social responsibility activities. However, small businesses face formidable barriers and challenges in preparing for and responding to weather related emergencies that undermine their resilience to natural hazards. The paper suggests ways in which small businesses can enhance their resilience to natural hazards, while at the same time contributing to community resilience.

title: A SNA based methodology for measuring the community resilience from the perspective of social capitals: Take Nanjing, China as an example
abstract: Facing increasingly frequent disasters, the resilience concept are widely adopted to make up the limitations of traditional community disaster management. The relationships among community stakeholders along with their responsibilities and actions are important social capitals coping with community disaster, which have a significant impact on forming the community resilience. Accordingly, this paper is the first attempt to measure the community resilience using social network analysis (SNA) method from the view of social capitals of stakeholders. Firstly, six key disaster adapting social capitals in the urban community are identified using systematic literature review (SLR) Then, the social capitals before, during and after the community disaster are calculated based on the SNA to characterize the level of community resilience. Finally, taking a waterlogging disaster in Nanjing city of China, some implements on enhancing the community resilience in different phases are proposed from four aspects: rapidity, robustness, redundancy and resourcefulness. The findings in the case study and the conclusions of this paper provides an easy method to calculate the resilience and social capitals of a community at different stages of a disaster, and also helps to improve disaster prevention and reduction efforts in urban communities, especially those that are collaboratively managed by multi stakeholders.

title: Observing community resilience from space: Using nighttime lights to model economic disturbance and recovery pattern in natural disaster
abstract: A major challenge for measuring community resilience is the lack of empirical observations in disasters. As an effective tool to observe human activities on the earth surface, night time light (NTL) remote sensing images can fill the gap of empirical data for measuring community resilience in natural disasters. This study introduces a quantitative framework to model recovery patterns of economic activity in a natural disaster using the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program Operational Linescan System (DMSP OLS) images. The utility of the framework is demonstrated in a retrospective study of Hurricane Katrina, which uncovered the great economic impact of Katrina and spatial variation of the disturbance and recovery pattern of economic activity. Environmental and socio economic factors that potentially influence economic recovery were explored in statistical analyses. Instead of a static and holistic index, the framework measures resilience as a dynamic process. The analysis results provide actionable information for prompting resilience in diverse communities and in different phases of a disaster. In addition to Hurricane Katrina, the resilience modeling framework is applicable for other disaster types. The introduced approaches and findings increase our understanding about the complexity of community resilience and provide support for developing resilient and sustainable communities.

title: Social capital: An investment towards community resilience in the collaborative natural resources management of community based tourism schemes
abstract: Community based tourism projects appear to be the most favoured option for enhancing community livelihoods through the collaborative management of communal natural resources in land reformed areas in South Africa. A case study approach was adopted to establish the role of social capital in building community resilience through the management of common pool natural resources. Using the assemblages and systemic resilience theories, this paper establishes which relationships between social capital and community resilience are best for pursuing successful community based tourism schemes. Lessons were drawn from Somkhanda Community Game Reserve in the Gumbi community, KwaZulu Natal, South Africa. The paper identifies three main community resilience shocks: governance, financial and skills. It notes that strong social capital can promote the realisation of community resilience in communal natural resources management. It further points to the need for avoiding environmental romanticisation, as there is a need to focus on the complexities involved in managing communal natural resources in land reformed communities.

title: Endurance or decline of emergent groups following a flood disaster: Implications for community resilience
abstract: Previous social psychological research has shown that new group relationships can emerge among disaster survivors due to a shared sense of common fate, facilitating the provision of social support and collective coordination. Emergent groups and the support they mobilize over time can be crucial for the recovery period and overall community resilience, but such communities decline over time. What is not known are the psychological group processes that might contribute to or mitigate this decline. In this interview study with 19 flood affected residents from the city of York, UK, conducted 15 months after the 2015 floods, we explored the factors that affected the decline or persistence of emergent groups in a post flood community. Through a theoretical thematic analysis, we show how emergent groups can decline due to a lack of common fate, post flood identity shifts, or perceived inequality. However, we also show that a sense of togetherness can be maintained through past shared adversity, due to the persistence of secondary stressors, intentional collective acts such as commemorations, and through the ongoing provision of social support. Implications for policy and practice are discussed.

title: Minority Community Resilience and Cultural Heritage Preservation: A Case Study of the Gullah Geechee Community
abstract: The Gullah Geechee community of the south eastern United States endures today as a minority group with a significant cultural heritage. However, little research has been conducted to explore this community's resilience in the face of climate change and other environmental impacts. The database Web of Science was searched and 109 publications on the Gullah Geechee community were identified. Using quantitative and qualitative methods, we analyzed the publications to identify patterns and primary research themes related to the Gullah Geechee community's resilience. Findings revealed that Gullah Geechee's cultural heritage is vulnerable to climatic and societal changes, but can also be a source for enhancing community resilience and promoting more sustainable community led heritage and tourism developments. A framework is proposed for building community resilience in the context of minority and/or marginalized communities (e.g. Gullah Geechee) This study highlights the urgent need to not only better understand and incorporate a community's economic dimensions and losses in various decision and policy making processes but also their cultural and social dimensions and losses. This systematic analysis can help inform both heritage preservation and community led tourism practices and policies related to the Gullah Geechee community, as well as help direct new research efforts focusing on minority and/or marginalized community resilience.

title: Understanding flood risk in the context of community resilience modeling for the built environment: research needs and trends
abstract: ABSTRACTFloods can be devastating to communities and result in fatalities and injuries, negatively impacting the economy, and quality of life. This paper presents a review of community resilience r.

title: A Framework to Evaluate Community Resilience to Urban Floods: A Case Study in Three Communities
abstract: Community resilience is a key index for describing the response of human habitat systems to hazards. Evaluating and enhancing the community resilience requires indicators, identification, and quantitative measurements, especially for urban flooding management. In this study, an advanced index framework for measuring community resilience to urban flooding is proposed, integrating the fuzzy Delphi method (FDM) and the analytic network process (ANP) Seven indicators (public facilities, spatial structure of land use, flood management organizations, rescue capability, accuracy of weather forecasts, vulnerable population, and individual capability) of community resilience are identified using the fuzzy Delphi method. The indicators are classified into four dimensions, and the weights are determined by the analytic network process. This approach is applied to three different types of communities, namely, a newly built neighborhood, an ancient college, and a flood prone village in the city of Nanning, China, using data collected from questionnaires, interviews, and field investigations. The neighborhood (with a total averaged score of 2.13) has the largest community resilience to urban flooding, followed by the college (1.8) and finally the village (0.91) Flooding management organizations play a leading role in the urban flooding resilience of the neighborhood and college, while the vulnerable population has a great impact on the community resilience of the village. Results of the strategy analysis suggest that science and technology improvement (0.543) is more important than social economic status improvement (0.325) and built environment improvement (0.132) for mitigating urban hazards in Nanning. The proposed framework in this study contributes to the interdisciplinary understanding of community resilience for urban flooding and is expected to be applied to sustain urban planning and flood evacuations.

title: Landslide risk perception, social vulnerability and community resilience: The case study of Maierato (Calabria, southern Italy)
abstract: Community resilience is the ability of people exposed to disasters, crises and underlying vulnerabilities, to anticipate, to prepare for, to reduce the impact of, to cope with and to recover from the effects of shocks and stresses without compromising their long term prospects. In February 2010, the town of Maierato (Calabria, southern Italy) was hit by a large landslide, which radically changed the morphology of the territory and produced an important social and economic impact. The aim of this paper is to deal with the concepts of social vulnerability and community resilience, within the framework of the landslide risk governance and the perception of the risk. Survey was conducted by means of a structured questionnaire interviewing 200 adults. Results, analyzed by means of qualitative methods with the support of descriptive statistics, highlighted several important remarks. Globally, this case study indicates that urgent actions should be taken to reduce disaster risk such as: improving citizens' understanding of disaster management, reinforcing risk governance to improve disaster management, investing in risk mitigation and programs fostering adaptation and resilience, improving emergency planning strategies.

title: A federated pre event community resilience approach for assessing physical and social sub systems: An extreme rainfall case in Hong Kong
abstract: Comparative community resilience ranking illuminates resources prioritization in the pre disruption mitigation process. Nonetheless, previous researchers address community resilience assessment in isolated manner by considering the technical side or social capabilities only. The myopic results generated from the solely designated assessment can be misleading and may affect the subsequent resilience building efforts. More importantly, a single modeling paradigm is insufficient to capture the disparate characteristic of interconnected socio technical sub systems in a community. This paper proposes a federated approach to assess the pre event socio technical community resilience. It assembles the topological based evaluation, physics based performance simulation, and multicriteria decision analysis into a unified framework whereby the results derived from the topological and physics based methods are treated as inputs for the subsequent multi criteria decision analysis model to generate comparative socio technical community resilience ranking. A practical case in Hong Kong is used to demonstrate the applicability of the federated approach. Using the holistic socio technical assessment results in the illustrative case, mitigation resources can be sensibly prioritized. The strategic implications indicate that the comparative resilience ranking outperforms the results produced by models focusing on the technical or social aspect only. Since the federated approach integrates the strength of multiple models when investigating the static structures and dynamic behaviors of complex socio technical systems at the community level, it can lead to more reliable and balanced decision making process.