Query: spatholobus

title: Spatholobus suberectus extract suppresses proliferation and EMT, and promotes apoptosis in palmitic acid induced vascular endothelial cells by inhibiting LncRNA MALAT1 via VEGF signaling pathway
abstract: In type 2 diabetes, palmitic acid could damage vessels and induce insulin resistance. This present in vitro study evaluates the possible role of Spatholobus suberectus (FSS) extract in diabetes. Human HUVECc cells were treated with palmitic acid, palmitic acid and Spatholobus suberectus extract. MALAT1 overexpression plasmid (pcDNA MALAT1) and blank vector were transfected into the cells using lipofectamine 2000. RT qPCR assay was used to evaluated the expression changes of lncRNA, VEGFR2 and VEGFA in the cells as well as Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) biomarkers and apoptosis. CCK 8 was used to detect cell viabilities of HUVECs. Expressions of proteins in VEGF signaling pathway were analyzed using Western Blot. LncRNA MALAT1 had high expression in diabetes like cells and suppressed proliferation and EMT but promoted apoptosis. The SS extract promoted proliferation and EMT and repressed apoptosis in diabetes like HUVECs cells. The promotion of apoptosis by LncRNA MALAT1, inhibition of apoptosis and regulated functions of diabetes like HUVECs cells by SS extract occurred via the VEGF signaling pathwayConclusion: SS extract might contribute to survival of cells by inhibiting MALAT1 via VEGF signaling pathway in vitro, suggesting FSF might be a potential therapeutic agent in the treatment of diabetes.  flavone of Spatholobus suberectus, diabetes, vascular endothelial cell, LncRNA MALAT1

title: Comparative Genomics of Spatholobus suberectus and Insight Into Flavonoid Biosynthesis
abstract: Spatholobus suberectus Dunn (S. suberectus) has been widely used in traditional medicines plant source of the Leguminosae family. Its vine stem of which plays an important role in the prevention and treatment of various diseases because it contains various flavonoids. Comparative genome analysis suggested well conserved genomic components and genetic collinearity between the genome of S. suberectus and other genera of Leguminosae such as Glycine max. We discovered two whole genome duplications (WGD) events in S. suberectus and G. max lineage underwent a WGD after speciation from S. suberectus. The determination of expansion and contractions of orthologous gene families revealed 1,001 expanded gene families and 3,649 contracted gene families in the S. suberectus lineage. Comparing to the model plants, many novel flavonoid biosynthesis related genes were predicted in the genome of S. suberectus, and the expression patterns of these genes in the roots are similar to those in the stems [such as the isoflavone synthase (IFS) genes] The expansion of IFS from a single copy in the Leguminosae ancestor to four copies in S. suberectus, will accelerate the biosynthesis of flavonoids. MYB genes are widely involved in plant flavonoid biosynthesis and the most abundant member of the TF family in S. suberectus. Activated retrotransponson positive regulates the accumulation of flavonoid in S. suberectus by introducing the cis elements of tissue specific expressed MYBs. Our study not only provides significant insight into the evolution of specific flavonoid biosynthetic pathways in S. suberectus, but also would facilitate the development of tools for enhancing bioactive productivity by metabolic engineering in microbes or by molecular breeding for alleviating resource shortage of S. suberectus.

title: Qualitative Phytochemical Screening and Antioxidant Activity of Ethanol Root Extract of Spatholobus littoralis Hassk
abstract: May 26, 2020  June 20, 2020  2020 Spatholobus littoralis Hassk is a medicinal plant in Central Kalimantan. This plant in Indonesia is called Bajakah Tampala. The ethanolic wood extract of Bajakah was subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity test. The phytochemical tests were carried out using standard methods of analysis, and these investigations revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, and Steroids. Antioxidant activity was performed by DPPH (1,1diphenyl 2 picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging method for ethanol extracts. It exhibited strong antioxidant DPPH radical scavenging activity with an IC50 value of 8.25 mg/ml for ethanol Bajakah Tampala Root extract.

title: Attenuation of UVB Induced Photo Aging by Polyphenolic Rich Spatholobus Suberectus Stem Extract Via Modulation of MAPK/AP 1/MMPs Signaling in Human Keratinocytes
abstract: It is well known that ultraviolet light activates mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase by increasing the reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the body, enhancing activating protein 1(AP 1) complexes (c Jun and c Fos) increasing matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and degrading collagen and elastin. In this study, we confirmed that polyphenolic rich Spatholobus suberectus (SS) stem extracts suppressed ultraviolet (UV) induced photo aging. The major active components of SS stem extracts were identified as gallic acid, catechin, vanillic acid, syringic acid and epicatechin. The aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the stem of SS (SSW and SSE, respectively) significantly reduced the elastase enzyme activity. Moreover, both extracts were suppressed the ROS generation and cellular damage induced by UVB in HaCaT cells. Our results also revealed that SSE could regulate the expression of MMPs, tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP) 1, collagen type I alpha 1 (COL1A1) elastin (ELN) and hyaluronan synthase 2 (HAS2) at their transcriptional and translational level. Furthermore, SSE was blocked the UVB induced phosphorylation of mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) nuclear factor kappa B (NF kB) and c Jun. Moreover, combination of syringic acid, epicatechin and vanillic acid showed strong synergistic effects on elastase inhibition activity, in which the combination index (CI) was 0.28. Overall, these results strongly suggest that the polyphenolics of SSE exert anti ageing potential as a natural biomaterial to inhibit UVB induced photo aging.

title: Combined application of extended depth of field imaging, image stitching and polarized microscopy techniques in identification of Spatholobus suberectus
abstract: As traditional techniques for microscopic identification of Chinese medicines currently lack objective and high quality reference images, here we developed a systemic procedure to be used in microscopic identification of Chinese medicines, which would lead to more objective, effective and accurate identification process.  Spatholobi Caulis (Jixueteng in Chinese) was used as the specimen in the development of such procedure. Jixueteng samples were microscopically examined in bright and dark field microscopy. Microscopic images were obtained by regular, EDF, and image stitching techniques.  The microscopic images of the characteristics in pulverized Jixueteng were captured, thanks to EDF imaging and image stitching techniques which allowed the detailed and full sighting of each characteristic to be obtained simultaneously. Different layers in anatomical transverse section, including cork, phelloderm, cortex, phloem, cambium, xylem and pith, were distinctively observed. Moreover, by comparing images of bright and dark field microscopy, birefringent and non birefringent components could readily be distinguished.  With application of the developed procedure, high definition, panoramic, microscopic images were acquired, which could be used as the reference images for microscopic identification of Chinese medicines.

title: PENETAPAN KADAR FENOLIK TOTAL EKSTRAK BATANG BAJAKAH TAMPALA (Spatholobus littoralis Hassk. MENGGUNAKAN SPEKTROFOTOMETRI UV VISIBLE
abstract: Bajakah tampala (Spatholobus littoralis Hassk) is one of the most widely grown plants in Central Kalimantan but has not been widely used. This plant has been empirically used to treat various diseases by the Dayak community. Efficacy obtained is suspected due to the presence of various phenol compounds in the plant. But until now there has been no further research to determine the levels of phenols contained therein. This study aims to determine the total phenolic levels in the stem of the Spatholobus littoralis Hassk. Phenolic compounds in the stem are extracted using maceration method with ethanol solvent. Total phenolic levels were determined using the UV visible spectrophotometric method with Follin Ciocalteau reagents and as a comparison used gallic acid. The results showed that in phytochemical screening, the stem extracts were contained phenolic compounds, tannins and saponins. Whereas in the quantitative examination it can be concluded that the average total phenolic content of the stem of the Bajakah extract with a concentration of 500 ppm is 12.33 mg GAE/g.

title: New Isoflavanes from Spatholobus suberectus and Their Cytotoxicity against Human Breast Cancer Cell Lines
abstract: The rattans of Spatholobus suberectus Dunn are a traditional Chinese medicine activating blood circulation and removing stasis. They have often been used for the traditional Chinese medicinal treatment of breast cancer in modern China. In this study, four novel isoflavanes (1 3 and 5) and four known analogues (4 and 6 8) were isolated from an ethanolic extract of the rattans of S. suberectus. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses and electronic circular dichroism studies. MCF 7 and MDA MB 231 human breast cancer cell lines were used to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of the isolates. Interestingly, compounds 1 and 2 only inhibited the proliferation of MCF 7 cells, while compound 6 showed a selective cytotoxicity against MDA MB 231 cells. However, compound 4 had significant cytotoxicity against both MCF 7 and MDA MB 231 cell lines.

title: MiR 657/ATF2 Signaling Pathway Has a Critical Role in Spatholobus suberectus Dunn Extract Induced Apoptosis in U266 and U937 Cells
abstract: Though Spatholobus suberectus Dunn (SSD) has been reported to have anti virus, anti osteoclastogenesis, and anti inflammation activities, its underlying anti cancer mechanism has never been elucidated in association with the role of miR 657 in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress related apoptosis to date. SSD treatment exerted cytotoxicity in U266 and U937 cells in a dose dependent manner. Also, apoptosis related proteins such as PARP, procaspase 3, and Bax were regulated by SSD treatment. Furthermore, Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay revealed that a number of apoptotic bodies were increased by SSD. Interestingly, the ER stress related proteins such as p ATF2 and CHOP were elevated by SSD. Interestingly, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and cytotoxicity by SSD treatment were significantly reduced by N Acetyl L cysteine (NAC) Among the microRNAs (miRNAs) regulated by SSD treatment, miR 657 was most significantly reduced by SSD treatment. However, an miR 657 mimic reversed SSD induced apoptosis by the attenuation of the expression of p ATF2, CHOP, and PARP cleavage. Overall, these findings provide scientific evidence that miR657 is an onco miRNA targeting the ER stress signal pathway and SSD induces apoptosis via the inhibition of miR 657, ROS, and the activation of p ATF2 and CHOP as a potent anti cancer agent for myeloid originated hematological cancer.

title: A draft genome for Spatholobus suberectus
abstract: Spatholobus suberectus Dunn (S. suberectus) which belongs to the Leguminosae, is an important medicinal plant in China. Owing to its long growth cycle and increased use in human medicine, wild resources of S. suberectus have decreased rapidly and may be on the verge of extinction. De novo assembly of the whole S. suberectus genome provides us a critical potential resource towards biosynthesis of the main bioactive components and seed development regulation mechanism of this plant. Utilizing several sequencing technologies such as Illumina HiSeq X Ten, single molecule real time sequencing, 10x Genomics, as well as new assembly techniques such as FALCON and chromatin interaction mapping (Hi C) we assembled a chromosome scale genome about 798 Mb in size. In total, 748 Mb (93.73% of the contig sequences were anchored onto nine chromosomes with the longest scaffold being 103.57 Mb. Further annotation analyses predicted 31,634 protein coding genes, of which 93.9% have been functionally annotated. All data generated in this study is available in public databases. Type(s)sequence assembly objective sequence annotation objectiveMeasurement Type(s)whole genome sequencing assayTechnology Type(s)DNA sequencingFactor Type(s)growth conditionSample Characteristic(s)Spatholobus suberectus leafMachine accessible metadata file describing the reported data (ISA Tab format)

title: Anti Inflammatory Activity of Some Characteristic Constituents from the Vine Stems of Spatholobus suberectus
abstract: The dried vine stems of Spatholobus suberectus are commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine for treating gynecological and cardiovascular diseases. In this study, five new compounds named spasuberol A (2) homovanillyl 4 oxo nonanoate (5) spasuberol C (6) spasuberoside A (14) and spasuberoside B (15) together with ten known compounds (1, 3, 4, 7 13) were isolated from the dried vine stems of S. suberectus. Their chemical structures were analyzed using spectroscopic assays. This is the first study interpreting the detailed structural information of 4. The anti inflammatory activity of these compounds was evaluated by reducing nitric oxide overproduction in RAW264.7 macrophages stimulated by lipopolysaccharide. Compounds 1 and 8 10 showed strong inhibitory activity with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 5.69, 16.34, 16.87, and 6.78 mM, respectively, exhibiting higher activity than the positive drug l N6 (1 iminoethyl) lysine (l NIL) with an IC50 value of 19.08 mM. The IC50 values of inhibitory activity of compounds 2 and 4 6 were 46.26, 40.05, 45.87, and 28.29 mM respectively, which were lower than l NIL, but better than that of positive drug indomethacin with an IC50 value of 55.44 mM. Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that assayed compounds with good anti inflammatory activity, such as 1, 6, 9, and 10 at different concentrations, can reduce the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of some pro inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor a (TNF a) nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX 2) The anti inflammatory activity and the possible mechanism of the compounds mentioned in this paper were studied preliminarily.