Query: metal rubber bonding adhesion vulcanization

title: Polymer used in particular as adhesion primer for bonding metal to rubber
abstract: Urethane or thiourethane polymer units used in particular as an adhesion primer for bonding of metal or glass to rubber, said polymer comprising at least one hand of the base units having at least one unit of formula Xi CO NH wherein X is O or S respectively, and the other additional units comprising at least firstly a secondary alcohol function, secondly an ether, thioether or secondary amine in the alpha position of this alcohol function. Use of such a polymer as adhesion primer for bonding a substrate, for example glass or metal, to an unsaturated rubber, or as corrosion protection coating of a metal substrate. metal reinforcement such as wire, cable, film or plate, coated with a polymer according to the invention.

title: Effect of Solvents in the Rubber Metal Bonding Agent
abstract: In this study, the synthesis, characterization and applications of the adhesive for metal vulcanization of NBR rubber were investigated. The effect of 3 different solvents on adhesive was investigated. The adhesive consists of a mixture of polymers, organic compounds and resins dissolved or dispersed in organic solvent system. Two different resins and three different solvents were used. The metal plate is covered with zinc phosphate to provide surface cleanliness and roughness. Adhesive application was made by applying one coat. Adhesive was applied by spraying zinc phosphate coated plate. After vulcanization, the adhesive between the rubber and the metal was examined.

title: Effect of Silane in the Rubber Metal Bonding Agent
abstract: In this study, the synthesis, characterization and applications of the adhesive for metal vulcanization of NBR rubber (Nitrile Rubber) were investigated. The effect of silane fillers on adhesive was investigated. The adhesive consists of a mixture of polymers, organic compounds and mineral fillers dissolved or dispersed in an organic solvent system. The metal plate is covered with zinc phosphate to provide surface cleanliness and roughness. Adhesive application was made by applying cover coat. Adhesive was applied by spraying zinc phosphate coated plate. After vulcanization, the adhesive between the rubber and the metal was examined.

title: XAFS Analysis of O K edge of the Rubber for Metal Adhesion in Tire
abstract: Steel wires are used in tires to improve the durability and performances. A small amount of fatty acid cobalt salt is contained in the rubber for metal adhesion, which improves the adhesiveness with the steel wire and the wet heat adhesive property. According to the XAFS measurement, it was found that cobalt salt reacts with sulfur in rubber and cobalt sulfide (CoS) forms after the vulcanizing. However, it is not clarified whether the fatty acid cobalt dissociates and becomes cobalt hydroxide during rubber mixing, and the chemical state of fatty acid cobalt after vulcanization. The knowledge of the dissociation of cobalt species is important to predict the quality of rubber during the storage in the uncured state. Clarifying chemical state of fatty acid after vulcanization is useful to control vulcanization reaction and improve durability. In this study, O Kedge XAFS measurement was carried out to clarify the chemical state of fatty acid cobalt before and after rubber mixing, and after vulcanization. Synthetic isoprene rubber not containing fatty acids was used because natural rubber has fatty acids. Considering the sensitivity of XANES measurements, 10phr of cobalt stearate as the fatty acid cobalt was added to the isoprene rubber. Furthermore, carbon black and zinc oxide were mixed at 150degC, and then sulfur and a vulcanization accelerator were mixed at below 100degC. Further vulcanization was carried out at 160degC for 20 minutes to prepare a cured rubber. The XANES measurements at O K edge were carried out at BL11 of the SR Center at Ritsumeikan University by partial fluorescence yield (PFY) mode. We measured the uncured rubber after high temperature mixing (150degC) and the cured rubber after vulcanization with the reference samples of cobalt stearate, cobalt hydroxide, stearic acid and zinc stearate. Figure 1 shows O K edge XANES spectra of the uncured rubber, cobalt stearate, and cobalt hydroxide. For the uncured rubber, the sharp peak at 532 eV is observed, which position is with the spectrum in cobalt stearate. On the other hand, the spectrum of cobalt hydroxide which is considered to be formed as a dissociated state has the broadening structure from 535 to 545 eV, which is not found in the uncured rubber. The high intensity peak at 535 and 538 eV of the uncured rubber is observed, which corresponds to the zinc oxide contained in rubber. From these results, it is found that cobalt stearate does not dissociate in uncured rubber because sulfur does not exist at high temperature mixing. Figure 2 shows the O K edge XANES spectra of the cured rubber, stearic acid and zinc stearate. During vulcanization, stearic acid and zinc combine to form the characteristic structure  The sharp peaks in the cured rubber, stearic acid, and zinc stearate locate at 532.1, 531.8 and 532.4 eV, respectively. The peak at 536 eV is due to zinc oxide in the rubber. From these results, zinc stearate and stearic acid are contained in the rubber for metal adhesion after vulcanization.

title: Modified Silica Filler as a Promoting Agent of Adhesion of Rubber to Metal Cord
abstract: In order to increase the strength of the adhesive bonding of rubber based on SKI 3 rubber substance to metal cords, the effect of adhesion promoting agents, which are silicic filler modified by metal ions of variable valency (Co and Ni) has been investigated. It is shown that such adhesion promoting agents do not have a significant effect on the technological and physicomechanical properties of rubber at room temperature, but increase the resistance of vulcanizates to elevated temperatures (up to 100degC) and increase the strength of the rubber metal cord connection under the influence of aggressive factors in the process operation of metal cord products.

title: A comparative study between abrasion techniques to improve the adhesion of rubber and metal bond for commercial vehicle applications.

title: Study of Test Method for Adhesion of Hydrophobic Insulating Coating on Insulator Metal Fitting Surface
abstract: At present, the phenomenon of corrosion of insulator on direct current (DC) transmission line is prominent, it is possible to prevent insulator from being corroded by adding a hydrophobic insulation coating on the surface of the insulator. Silicone rubber (PRTV) coatings are commonly used as hydrophobic insulation coatings, but the adhesion of PRTV coatings on the surface of insulator metal fitting is not good. The test methods for coating adhesion currently given in China are relatively simple and lack quantitative indicators. In this paper, the adhesion test methods of PRTV and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) on the surface of A3 steel and hot dip galvanized metal are studied, and to research the effect of dopamine as an intermediate adhesion promoter. First, two kinds of metal coating tests were prepared, and a pull off test device was set up. According to the pull off test, it was found that when different coating samples were bonded to the test metal fixture, the bonding effect was significantly different. When PRTV coating samples are bonded to test columns, need to use fast drying cyanoacrylate adhesive, epoxy adhesive cannot effectively bond PRTV samples and fixtures. When PVDF coating samples and test columns are bonded, the adhesion of epoxy resin adhesive is much stronger than fast drying cyanoacrylate adhesive. The experimental test results show that after dopamine is used as the intermediate adhesion layer, the adhesion of the PVDF coating on the galvanized substrate is stronger than the ungalvanized sample; the ungalvanized PVDF sample has about 2 times the adhesion improvement than the galvanized PRTV sample; Under the situation that the adhesion of ungalvanized PVDF samples is enhanced, the adhesion of galvanized PVDF samples is about 2 times higher than ungalvanized PVDF samples. It can be found that PVDF coatings have significantly improved the adhesion index compared to PRTV coatings. This article can provide a reference for the requirements of insulator coating adhesion test.

title: Polymer used in particular as primary adhesion for bonding metal to rubber

title: Natural rubber/butadiene styrene rubber metal HTV (Hot Vulcanization) adhesive
abstract: The invention discloses a natural rubber/butadiene styrene rubber metal HTV (Hot Vulcanization) adhesive, and relates to a rubber vulcanization adhesive. The natural rubber/butadiene styrene rubber metal HTV adhesive is prepared from the following components in percentage by weight: 1 to 2 percent of halogenated rubber, 18 to 22 percent of isocyanate, 9 to 12 percent of epoxy resin and the balance of solvent; or the natural rubber/butadiene styrene rubber metal HTV adhesive is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 0.5 to 2.5 percent of halogenated rubber, 15 to 25 percent of isocynate, 7 to 25 percent of epoxy resin and the balance of solvent. The natural rubber/butadiene styrene rubber metal HTV adhesive disclosed by the invention contains no nitro compounds or lead salt, is used for adhering natural rubber or butadiene styrene rubber to metal through an HTV mode, and has good adhesion effect and low toxicity.

title: Water based adhesive formulations for rubber to metal bonding developed by statistical design of experiments
abstract: Waterborne adhesives for rubber to metal bonding have been available since 1990. However, published information about their formulation has been limited, as proprietary restrictions are exercised by companies. As a consequence, the way these adhesives interact with substrates has not been studied extensively. With the aim of investigating the effect the components of a waterborne adhesive have on rubber to metal bonding, fractional factorial and surface response methodologies of design of experiments were employed in this study. Twenty six formulations were prepared with a polychloroprene latex as the adhesive polymer. Viscosity, wettability and non volatile solids content were measured with each liquid adhesive, while the mechanical strength was evaluated by applying a tensile mechanical stress over cured solid adhesive films. Adhesion properties were evaluated by using a single lap shear test on metal to metal joints and a pull out test on rubber to metal joints. The results showed that the components with the largest relative influence on cohesive and adhesives forces were tackifier resin, silicon dioxide and polychloroprene latex type. In order to better understand the contributions of these variables, mathematical models correlating them with the response variables were obtained. This study is valuable in explaining how, through statistical methods, a waterborne adhesive for rubber to metal bonding can be formulated with a reasonably low number of experiments.