Query: soybean biodiesel emissions

title: Combined effect of water emulsion and ZnO nanoparticle on emissions pattern of soybean biodiesel fuelled diesel engine
abstract: The present study investigates the effect of water emulsion and ZnO nanoparticle on the emissions pattern of a diesel engine running with SB. Test fuels were prepared based on the different percentage of water and mass fractions of nanoparticle, and the emission characteristics were compared with SB. The physicochemical properties were measured based on EN14214 standards, and the characteristics of nano fuels were examined using SEM, EDS and UV visible absorption spectrum. Experiments were carried out in a computerized, single cylinder, four stroke diesel engine with an eddy current dynamometer. The experimental results reveal that SB20W emulsion fuel promotes a drop of 41.4% and 28.3% in NOx and smoke emissions at BP of 2.56 kW compared to SB, respectively. SB10W emulsion fuel promotes an improvement of 40% and 33.3% in HC and CO emissions compared to SB at 2.56 kW BP, respectively. An inclusion of ZnO nanoparticle in SB20W emulsion fuel significantly reduces the NOx, HC, CO and smoke emissions irrespective of load conditions, and an increase in the mass fraction of nanoparticle further reduces the emissions level. At 2.56 kW BP, SB20W100ZnO emulsion fuel reduces the NOx, HC, CO and smoke emissions by 7.1% 40% 33.3% and 15.1% compared to SB20W emulsion fuel, respectively.

title: Comprehensive evaluation of performance, combustion, and emissions of soybean biodiesel blends and diesel fuel in a power generator diesel engine
abstract: In order to use the power generator diesel engine in fixed areas (University, hospital, school, official institutions) in case of electricity cut, it is necessary to test the usability of alternative fuel to diesel fuel with high performance and low emission. Therefore, experimental tests were conducted utilizing ultra low sulfur diesel fuel (ULSD) and soybean biodiesel blends with ULSD in this manuscript. The combustion, exhaust emissions, and the performance values were gauged and compared to ULSD, SOB10 and SOB50 test fuels under 3.6 kW (lower load) 7.2 kW (medium load) and 10.8 kW (higher load) loads and constant high idling engine speed (1500 rpm) of a power generator diesel engine. The results of experiments demonstrated that the BSFC value at 10.8 kW load was compared with ULSD fuel, there was 6.3% increase in SOB50 fuel and 3.82% increase in SOB10 fuel at the same load and this increase was owing to lower heating value of biodiesel blends. Also, the results of experiments exhibited that utilizing biodiesel blends in diesel engine had approximately similar cylinder gas pressure, heat release rate, knock density, cumulative heat release and mean gas temperature when they were compared to ULSD running in diesel engine power generator. Biodiesel fuels that were compared with the emission values of ULSD; smoke opacity at 10.8 kW load minimum decrease 1.13% unburned hydrocarbon at 3.6 kW load minimum increase 8% and carbon monoxide emissions were noticeably lessened as nitrogen oxides and carbon dioxide emissions increased in all loads. BSFC: break specific fuel consumption (g/kWh) CFPP: cold filter plugging point (oC) CHR: cumulative heat release (J) CGP: cylinder gas pressure (bar) CI: ompression ignition; CADs: crank angles (o) EOC: end of combustion (oCA) FDP: final of distillation point (oC) RR: heat release rate (J/o) IDP: initial of distillation point (oC)MGT: mean gas temperature (K) SOB10: volumetrically, 10% soybean oil biodiesel 90% ULSD; SOB50: volumetrically, 50% soybean oil biodiesel 50% ULSD; SOC: start of combustion (oCA) SOI: start of injection (oCA) TDC: top dead center;  ULSD: ultra low sulfur diesel

title: Effects of methanol blending on combustion characteristics and various emissions of a diesel engine fueled with soybean biodiesel
abstract: A 4 cylinder direct injection diesel engine was tested using pure soybean biodiesel, 10% or 20% methanol biodiesel mixture as fuels. Loads were set at 0.13, 0.38, 0.63, 0.88 and 1.13 MPa BMEP, while the engine speed was 1800 rpm. Other related parameters including the main injection angle were unchanged. The cylinder pressure, heat release rate, ignition delay, combustion duration, maximum pressure rise rate, regulated emissions and unregulated emissions were comparatively analyzed among these three fuels. The impacts of methanol blending on the combustion and emission behaviors of biodiesel under different loads were investigated. The methanol mixing affected the peak cylinder pressure and peak heat release rate in completely opposite ways between low load and medium to high load. The ignition delay and combustion duration may be extended at large blending ratio and low load, but were shortened in other cases by the blending with methanol. The effects of methanol mixing on the maximum pressure rise rate were fully opposite between low load and medium to high load and delayed the appearance of the curve peak. At 0.13 MPa BMEP, the presence of methanol significantly promoted the emissions of CO and 1,3 butadiene, and decreased the emissions under other loads. With the rise of methanol mixing ratio, the emissions of HC and acetaldehyde were raised, while less benzene was emitted under all loads. At 0.13 MPa BMEP, adding sufficient methanol reduced the NO X emissions, while under other loads, more NO X was emitted with the rise in methanol addition.

title: Multi response optimization to improve the performance and emissions level of a diesel engine fueled with ZnO incorporated water emulsified soybean biodiesel/diesel fuel blends
abstract: The present work aims to select the optimal operating condition to improve the performance and emissions level of a diesel engine running with ZnO incorporated water emulsified SB blended diesel fuel based on Taguchi grey relational based multi response optimization tool. SB water emulsion fuels were prepared and stabilized using sorbitan monolaurate surfactant through mechanical agitation and then ultra sonication processes was followed to incorporate the nanoparticle. Experiments were conducted in a single cylinder, natural aspirated, four stroke diesel engine with an eddy current dynamometer at full load condition based on an L16 orthogonal array. The optimal level of operating parameters was determined based on S/N ratio and GRC and verified through a confirmation experiment. To measure the significance of the individual operating parameters on overall engine performance, a statistical analysis of variance was applied. The results of this study reveal that the performance and emissions characteristics of ZnO incorporated water emulsified SB blended diesel fuel engine has efficiently improved at the optimal parametric setting.

title: Emissions and performance of a diesel engine affected by soybean, linseed, and crambe biodiesel
abstract: In Brazil, rural communities apart from large centers, distant from energy transmission and distribution grids, need electric energy, and this situation renders it difficult to ensure local economic progress. One alternative to solve the problem is energy generation using vegetal oil based fuels, made of local raw materials that are renewable and have a lower impact on the environment. The objective of the present work was to assess the performance and emissions of a diesel engine for energy generation that operated with soybean, linseed, and crambe vegetal oil based fuels. The fuels were tested in a 5 kVA generator engine at a load from 750 W to 3000 W. Biofuels were obtained from a mixture of conventional diesel oil with soybean, linseed, and crambe oil at incremental levels of 10% 30% 50% and 70% of vegetal oil in the fuel mixture composition. The increase in soybean oil proportion at low load (750 W) resulted in lower specific consumption. At a high load (3000 W) there was a reduction in specific consumption when compared to conventional diesel fuels. Crambe biodiesel resulted in a reduction in emissions of CO, CO2, and NOx as function of the increase in crambe oil in the proportion. The results of these studies indicate that conventional diesel blends with low (10% and medium (30% concentrations of soybean, linseed, and crambe vegetal oil are viable technical solutions for the partial substitution of conventional diesel.

title: Effect of soybean biodiesel on performance and emissions of high speed compression ignition engine
abstract: 1Mechanical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran 2Mechanical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran 3Agricultural Machinery Department, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran 4Mechanical Engineering Department, Khaje Nasir Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran 5Irankhodro Powertrain Co. Tehran, Iran *P.O.B. 15875 4413, Tehran, Iran, mirsalim@csr.i ARTICLE INFORMATION

title: Use of Soybean, Corn and Palm Biodiesel in a Centrifugal Pump Driven by a Diesel Engine: Performance and Emissions Analysis
abstract: The present study is related with the use of soybean, corn and palm biodiesel in a centrifugal pump driven by a diesel engine. Performance and emissions analysis were investigated using pure biodiesel (B100) and its mixtures with diesel (B50) comparing the results with pure diesel (B0) and also with the diesel sold at Brazilian fuel stations (B8) A test bench has been optimized for monitoring the behavior of centrifugal pump driven by a diesel engine. The viscosity, density, sulfur tenor, carbon tenor, hydrogen tenor, nitrogen tenor, lower and higher heating value were determined for various fuels used. The power, the fuel consumption and the emissions of: CO; CO2; NO; NO2; NOx; and SO2 were determined. The engine performed well with biofuels blended (B50) and biodiesels (B100) This confirms one of the great advantages of using biodiesel, which is the possibility of using a renewable fuel produced from a variety of raw materials leading to a cleaner energy production.

title: Combined effects of soybean biodiesel fuel addition and EGR application on the combustion and exhaust emissions in a diesel engine
abstract: In this study, soybean biodiesel fuel was blended in 20 vol. with diesel fuel and tested in a single cylinder, DI, four stroke diesel engine under four different engine loads (15, 11.25, 7.5 and 3.75 Nm) and 2200 rpm engine speed with different EGR rates (5, 10, 15% The results showed that the maximum heat release rate and maximum in cylinder pressure were mostly increased with the combined effects of biodiesel fuel addition and EGR application. Premixed combustion fractions were generally increased at all the engine loads with corresponding decrease in the diffusion combustion fractions. Combustion durations were generally stable while the center of the heat release rates shifted toward TDC. Reasonable increments on the BSFC and reductions on BTE as a maximum 6% and 3% occurred with 15% EGR, respectively. NOx and smoke emissions were improved simultaneously up to 55% and 15% at the high engine load, respectively. THC emissions at the low and medium engine loads decreased while deteriorations were observed with more than 5% EGR at the high engine load. Although CO emissions showed insignificant changes, there were increments at the high engine load. However, CO2 emissions were slightly higher for all the engine loads.

title: Impact of various blends of linseed oil derived biodiesel on combustion and particle emissions of a compression ignition engine A comparison with diesel and soybean fuels
abstract: This study reports on a comparative analysis of the influence of linseed oil derived biodiesel on a compression ignition engine combustion and performance. New findings on particle emission and size distribution are presented and discussed. A low sulfur commercial diesel fuel and soybean biodiesel were used as a reference. Engine feeding with biodiesel blends leads to slight increase (5 15% in the maximal pressure rise rate compared to the diesel fuel accompanied by a minor rise in coefficient of variation at low loads. Combustion duration of all studied biodiesel blends is longer compared to the diesel fuel under all operating modes. At low load operating modes, reduction in particle number concentrations under feeding with blends of the diesel fuel with soybean and linseed derived biofuels (in 1:1 ratio by volume) is observed in the entire range of measured particle sizes. At high loads, the opposite trend is revealed: in the ultrafine particles size range

title: Influence of alumina nanoparticles, ethanol and isopropanol blend as additive with diesel soybean biodiesel blend fuel: Combustion, engine performance and emissions
abstract: Experimental investigation was carried out to study the combustion, engine performance and emission characteristics of a single cylinder, naturally aspirated, air cooled, constant speed compression ignition engine, fuelled with two modified fuel blends, B20 (Diesel soybean biodiesel) and diesel soybean biodiesel ethanol blends, with alumina as a nanoadditive (D80SBD15E4S1 alumina) and the results are compared with those of neat diesel. The nanoadditive was mixed in the fuel blend along with a suitable surfactant by means of an ultrasonicator, to achieve stable suspension. The properties of B20, D80SBD15E4S1 alumina fuel blend are changed due to the mixing of soybean biodiesel and the incorporation of the alumina nanoadditives. Some of the measured properties are compared with those of neat diesel, and presented. The cylinder pressure during the combustion and the heat release rate, are higher in the D80SBD15E4S1 alumina fuel blend, compared to neat diesel. Further, the exhaust gas temperature is reduced in the case of the D80SBD15E4S1 alumina fuel blend, which shows that higher temperature difference prevailing during the expansion stroke could be the major reason for the higher brake thermal efficiency in the case of D80SBD15E4S1 alumina fuel blend. The presence of oxygen in the soybean biodiesel, and the better mixing capabilities of the nanoparticles, reduce the CO and UBHC appreciably, though there is a small increase in NOx at full load condition.