Query: questionnaire examples

title: Trends of Proficiency Test in Questionnaire Examples of Test for Particle Size Distribution of Soils and Unconfined Compression Test of Soils

title: Questionnaire Examples of AESTHEMOS

title: Adding Examples to the ASA Physical Status Classification Improves Correct Assignment to Patients
abstract: Despite its widespread use, the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Physical Status Classification System has been shown to result in inconsistent assignments among anesthesiologists. The ASA Physical Status Classification System is also used by nonanesthesia trained clinicians and others. In 2014, the ASA developed and approved examples to assist clinicians in determining the correct ASA Physical Status Classification System assignment. The effect of these examples by anesthesia trained and nonanesthesia trained clinicians on appropriate ASA Physical Status Classification System assignment in hypothetical cases was examined.  Anesthesia trained and nonanesthesia trained clinicians were recruited via email to participate in a web based questionnaire study. The questionnaire consisted of 10 hypothetical cases, for which respondents were first asked to assign ASA Physical Status using only the ASA Physical Status Classification System definitions and a second time using the newly ASA approved examples.  With ASA approved examples, both anesthesia trained and nonanesthesia trained clinicians improved in mean number of correct answers (out of possible 10) compared to ASA Physical Status Classification System definitions alone (P 0.001 for all) However, with examples, nonanesthesia trained clinicians improved more compared to anesthesia trained clinicians. With definitions only, anesthesia trained clinicians (5.8 1.6) scored higher than nonanesthesia trained clinicians (5.4 1.7; P 0.041) With examples, anesthesia trained (7.7 1.8) and nonanesthesia trained (8.0 1.7) groups were not significantly different (P 0.100)  The addition of examples to the definitions of the ASA Physical Status Classification System increases the correct assignment of patients by anesthesia trained and nonanesthesia trained clinicians.

title: Questionnaire Design, Interviewing and Attitude Measurement
abstract: This second edition of Dr Bram Oppenheim's established work, like the first, is a practical teaching text of survey methods. The new edition has extended its scope to include interviewing (both clip board and depth interviewing) sampling and research design, data analysis, and a special chapter on pilot work. As before, the chapters on questionnaire design are supported by further chapters on attitude scaling methods, and on projective techniques. There is refreshingly critical treatment of problems such as faulty research designs, errors in sampling, ambiguities in question wording, biases in interviewing, losses of information, and the interpretation of attitude scales and of projective data. The book is laced throughout with instructive examples from many fields, ranging from marketing surveys to the study of children's political perceptions. Problems of reliability and validity are kept to the fore. Above all, the need for pilot work is emphasized at every stage. The book is intended for graduate methodology courses in the social sciences, but it is also designed to reach other professionals, including teachers, social workers, medical researchers, and opinion pollsters, who have to evaluate or carry out social surveys.

title: Using classical test theory, item response theory, and Rasch measurement theory to evaluate patient reported outcome measures: a comparison of worked examples.
abstract: To provide comparisons and a worked example of item and scale level evaluations based on three psychometric methods used in patient reported outcome development classical test theory (CTT) item response theory (IRT) and Rasch measurement theory (RMT) in an analysis of the National Eye Institute Visual Functioning Questionnaire (VFQ 25) METHODS Baseline VFQ 25 data from 240 participants with diabetic macular edema from a randomized, double masked, multicenter clinical trial were used to evaluate the VFQ at the total score level. CTT, RMT, and IRT evaluations were conducted, and results were assessed in a head to head comparison.  Results were similar across the three methods, with IRT and RMT providing more detailed diagnostic information on how to improve the scale. CTT led to the identification of two problematic items that threaten the validity of the overall scale score, sets of redundant items, and skewed response categories. IRT and RMT additionally identified poor fit for one item, many locally dependent items, poor targeting, and disordering of over half the response categories.  Selection of a psychometric approach depends on many factors. Researchers should justify their evaluation method and consider the intended audience. If the instrument is being developed for descriptive purposes and on a restricted budget, a cursory examination of the CTT based psychometric properties may be all that is possible. In a high stakes situation, such as the development of a patient reported outcome instrument for consideration in pharmaceutical labeling, however, a thorough psychometric evaluation including IRT or RMT should be considered, with final item level decisions made on the basis of both quantitative and qualitative results.

title: From complex questionnaire and interviewing data to intelligent Bayesian Network models for medical decision support
abstract: To develop a rigorous and repeatable method for building effective Bayesian network (BN) models for medical decision support from complex, unstructured and incomplete patient questionnaires and interviews that inevitably contain examples of repetitive, redundant and contradictory responses; 2) To exploit expert knowledge in the BN development since further data acquisition is usually not possible; 3) To ensure the BN model can be used for interventional analysis; 4) To demonstrate why using data alone to learn the model structure and parameters is often unsatisfactory even when extensive data is available.  The method is based on applying a range of recent BN developments targeted at helping experts build BNs given limited data. While most of the components of the method are based on established work, its novelty is that it provides a rigorous consolidated and generalised framework that addresses the whole life cycle of BN model development. The method is based on two original and recent validated BN models in forensic psychiatry, known as DSVM MSS and DSVM P. Results When employed with the same datasets, the DSVM MSS demonstrated competitive to superior predictive performance (AUC scores 0.708 and 0.797) against the state of the art (AUC scores ranging from 0.527 to 0.705) and the DSVM P demonstrated superior predictive performance (cross validated AUC score of 0.78) against the state of the art (AUC scores ranging from 0.665 to 0.717) More importantly, the resulting models go beyond improving predictive accuracy and into usefulness for risk management purposes through intervention, and enhanced decision support in terms of answering complex clinical questions that are based on unobserved evidence.  This development process is applicable to any application domain which involves large scale decision analysis based on such complex information, rather than based on data with hard facts, and in conjunction with the incorporation of expert knowledge for decision support via intervention. The novelty extends to challenging the decision scientists to reason about building models based on what information is really required for inference, rather than based on what data is available and hence, forces decision scientists to use available data in a much smarter way.

title: Developing and validating a nutrition knowledge questionnaire: key methods and considerations
abstract: To outline key statistical considerations and detailed methodologies for the development and evaluation of a valid and reliable nutrition knowledge questionnaire.  Literature on questionnaire development in a range of fields was reviewed and a set of evidence based guidelines specific to the creation of a nutrition knowledge questionnaire have been developed. The recommendations describe key qualitative methods and statistical considerations, and include relevant examples from previous papers and existing nutrition knowledge questionnaires. Where details have been omitted for the sake of brevity, the reader has been directed to suitable references.  We recommend an eight step methodology for nutrition knowledge questionnaire development as follows: (i) definition of the construct and development of a test plan; (ii) generation of the item pool; (iii) choice of the scoring system and response format; (iv) assessment of content validity; (v) assessment of face validity; (vi) purification of the scale using item analysis, including item characteristics, difficulty and discrimination; (vii) evaluation of the scale including its factor structure and internal reliability, or Rasch analysis, including assessment of dimensionality and internal reliability; and (viii) gathering of data to re examine the questionnaire's properties, assess temporal stability and confirm construct validity. Several of these methods have previously been overlooked.  The measurement of nutrition knowledge is an important consideration for individuals working in the nutrition field. Improved methods in the development of nutrition knowledge questionnaires, such as the use of factor analysis or Rasch analysis, will enable more confidence in reported measures of nutrition knowledge.

title: What determines the use of urban green spaces in highly urbanized areas? Examples from two fast growing Asian cities
abstract: The use of urban nature and its correlation with socio economic and cultural conditions of urban dwellers were subject to a multitude of scientific studies in the last years. Nature and green spaces were found important for relaxing, mental restoration, playing sports and physical activities or simply for being outside together with people. Until now, less is known about spatial settings as determinants for green space use in fast growing major agglomerations in the developing world. Comparative case studies from developing countries could help consolidate a general hypothesis that people living in the same spatial setting (e.g. a highly urbanized city) use urban green spaces and prioritize specific green space facilities in a similar way regardless of developed or developing country. This study addresses this hypothesis by using a questionnaire survey for understanding peoples' use of urban green spaces in Karachi, Pakistan and Ho Chi Minh City in Vietnam. Questionnaire surveys identified perception of and activities in urban green spaces in both cities. In Ho Chi Minh City 118 questionnaires were valid for analysis. In Karachi 315 questionnaires were analyzed. Our study shows that the main reason for visiting green spaces is walking and spending time with friends and family. This is mostly done in larger groups for picnics. We also show that accessibility of green spaces is a clear driver of their use by residents. Additionally, residents highlighted the need for urban green spaces but criticized their design and that green spaces lack of basic facilities such as benches or toilets in both cities. Results, thus, partly verify the initial hypothesis, because some green space activities and expected facilities are similar and some are different in developed compared to developing countries. The differences may result from cultural or religious influences and help to broaden the knowledge base on the use of urban green spaces in fast growing Asian cities.

title: Assessment of quality of rheumatoid arthritis care requires joint count and/or patient questionnaire data not found in a usual medical record: examples from studies of premature mortality, changes in clinical status between 1985 and 2000, and a QUEST RA global perspective.
abstract: Quality of care of many diseases, such as diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and osteoporosis, can be assessed effectively from information in usual medical records concerning blood tests, blood pressure, bone density, etc. However, quality of care of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) as well as most rheumatic diseases, cannot be assessed from usual medical records. The primary basis for this problem involves limitations of laboratory tests and the absence of a single "gold standard" measure in RA Therefore, indices which include laboratory tests, joint counts, and patient questionnaires have been developed. These indices are collected in all RA clinical trials and other clinical research, but not in usual clinical care, a phenomenon which may limit severely possible assessment and improvement of quality and patient outcomes. Patient questionnaires and joint counts, rather than laboratory tests or radiographs in a medical record, are the best measures to assess and monitor RA patient status. Patient questionnaires are the most significant clinical prognostic markers for severe long term RA outcomes, such as work disability, costs and premature mortality, and are more cost effective and easily collected than formal quantitative joint counts in busy clinical settings. The value of patient questionnaires and joint counts in RA is reviewed in three examples from the authors' research concerning premature mortality in RA, changes in patient clinical status between 1985 and 2000, and a QUEST RA global perspective, to better evaluate the structure, processes, and outcomes of RA care.

title: Issues in assessing the validity of nutrient data obtained from a food frequency questionnaire: folate and vitamin B12 examples
abstract: To compare methods used to assess the validity of nutrient intake data obtained from a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) using folate and vitamin B12 as nutrient examples.  Cross sectional sample from a population cohort.  Two postcode areas west of Sydney,  In total, 2895 people aged 49 years and older provided dietary data using a semi quantitative FFQ (79% of 3654 subjects examined) The validity of the FFQ was assessed against three 4 day weighed food records (WFRs) completed by 78 people (mean age 70 years)  Folate and vitamin B12 validity data were assessed using different methods. The Spearman ranked correlations (energy adjusted) were 0.66 for folate and 0.38 for vitamin B12. Using the Bland Altman method, following loge transformation, no linear trend existed between the differences and means for folate and vitamin B12. Large differences existed between the FFQ and WFR in individual cases, particularly for vitamin B12. Finally, data were divided into quintile categories for the test and reference method: 79% classified folate within one quintile, 65% classified vitamin B12 within one quintile; there was no gross misclassification for folate and only 3% misclassification for vitamin B12.  Different methods of analysis provided different information about the validity of the FFQ. Correlation coefficients should not be used alone to assess the validity of nutrient data, but should be used in conjunction with Bland Altman analyses. Depending on the use of the data, additional assessment of classification categories is recommended. This worked example demonstrates that absolute intakes of folate and vitamin B12 should be used with caution.