Query: On going service training secondary level In Pakistan

title: Teacher Training at Secondary Level in Pakistan: Provisions and Condition
abstract: This paper, is result of unabridged research on secondary education which occupies the most conspicuous and earnest position in any system of education. The commencing idea was to explicate the nature, objectives, and significance of secondary education, which is by no mean static and gridlocked. Some success with the emphatic research led to unfold role of teaching training in secondary education with further classification of in service and pre service trainings. Encyclopedic research, thorough going study, and replete analysis of facts and figures are the tools of data collection used for this dissertation. The data was analyzed and conclusions were drawn that teaching trainings (pre services and in services) are paramount to improve professional knowledge, skills and attitude of teachers in order to educate children more effectively, as there is growing emphasis on the needs for continuing training of teachers themselves.

title: Feasibility of delivering integrated COPD asthma care at primary and secondary level public healthcare facilities in Pakistan: a process evaluation
abstract: In Pakistan,the estimated prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma are 2.1% and 4.3% respectively, and existing care is grossly lacking both in coverage and quality. An integrated approach is recommended for delivering COPD and asthma care at public health facilities.  To understand how an integrated care package was experienced by care providers and patients, and to inform modifications prior to scaling up.  The mixed methods study was conducted as part of cluster randomised trials on integrated COPD and asthma care at 30 public health facilities.  The care practices were assessed by analysing the clinical records of n 451 asthma and n 313 COPD patients. Semi structured interviews with service providers and patients were used to understand their care experiences. A framework approach was applied to analyse and interpret qualitative data.  Utilisation of public health facilities for chronic lung conditions was low, mainly because of the non availability of inhalers. When diagnosed, around two thirds (69% of male and more than half (55% of female patients had severe airway obstruction. The practice of prescribing inhalers differed between intervention and control arms. Patient non adherence to follow up visits remained a major treatment challenge (though attrition was lower and slower in the intervention arm) Around half of the male responders who smoked at baseline reported having quit smoking.  The integrated care of chronic lung conditions at public health facilities is feasible and leads to improved diagnosis and treatment in a low income country setting. The authors recommend scaling of the intervention with continued implementation research, especially on improving patient adherence to treatment.

title: Potentials of Educational Technology Used In in Service Teachers Training Programs at Secondary School Level In Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
abstract: The study investigated in to descriptive research to evaluate the potentials of educational technology usedin service teachers training programmed in KPK (Pakistan) The study has defined the potentials ofeducational technology used in services training, provision of a new educational technology in in servicetraining and the effectiveness of in service training at secondary level. The main objectives of the studywere, to determine the role of educational technology, needs, usefulness, status and emerging trends ofeducational technology, educational technology used in service teachers training. The following resultswere drawn by the researcher in the light of the analysis of the data: It was found that the in service trainingschedule is not followed; educational technology is helpful for professional development but not properlyused. Executive district officer makes the nomination of the teachers for in service training. In servicetraining venue is not accessible for the teachers and result oriented teaching methods are used at secondarylevel.  Use of educational technology, provision of ET, in service training, emerging technologiesand professional development.

title: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF SCIENCE EDUCATION AT SECONDARY LEVEL IN PAKISTAN
abstract: We are living in a scientific age.The battlefields of today are not in the planes and deserts but in the educational institutions.Pakistan is a developing country.Advancement in the field of science and technology is the only alternative, which can embark upon an era of economic as well as social development.This advancement requires revolutionary improvement in the field of science education at all levels. Keeping in mind the importance of science education, the present research study was undertaken.The objectives of the study were: a) to find the facilities available in the school laboratory for science education at secondary level in the sample institutions. b) To identify the problems in science education program at the secondary level in the sample institutions c) to identify the shortcomings in the pre service training of science teachers of secondary level. The study was descriptive in nature and survey type.The population of the study was all secondary school science teachers, headmasters, secondary class science students and science experts.The previous education policies, reports, plans, educational documents, research papers and books were also studied.Data were collected through questionnaires.For this purpose, three questionnaires were developed consisting of closed items designed on five point Likert scale.The last two items in each questionnaire were open ended.One questionnaire was for the science teachers, one for the science students and one for headmasters and science experts.The items in all the questionnaires were mostly the same except that some items were removed from students' questionnaires such as items on teachers' preservice training.Besides, the science teachers' questionnaire contained items on lab facilities.The sample was randomly selected from ten districts of Punjab province. The questionnaires were administered to the respondents and their responses were statistically analyzed using chi square test for homogeneity at 0.05 level of significance.The open ended items were analyzed based on its frequency of occurrences which was converted in to percentages. The findings of the study were that the examination system emphasized on memorization and neglected the application of concepts.The science course content was lengthy and contained irrelevant material.The science course content did not meet the international standards nor did it fulfill the needs of individual and society. Activity oriented method was lacking in science teaching.The pre service teachers' training focused more on theory and less on the practical aspect of teaching.The major recommendations of the study were that the examination should equally emphasize recalling, understanding and application of knowledge.The science course content may be reviewed to bring it at par with the international level. Due weightage should be given to the internal assessment.The science teachers should make use of activity methods and should involve the students to participate actively in the class.The teachers may be trained in using modern teaching methodologies and conducting science practical at the required level. The science education program may be regularly monitored and supervised.

title: EFFECTIVE USE OF TEACHING METHODOLOGIES AT SECONDARY LEVEL IN PAKISTAN
abstract: The objective of the study was to investigate the effective use of teaching methodologies at Secondary level in Pakistan. All the participants i.e.100% of Fourth Six week training workshop on "Educational Leadership and Institutional Management" for educational managers at Academy of Educational Planning and Management, Ministry of Education, Government of Pakistan were included in the sample. For the purpose of data collection, a questionnaire was prepared. Data collected through the questionnaire was tabulated, analyzed and interpreted by applying percentage. Major findings of the study reveal that (1) teachers' presents a brief overview of the contents; (2) teacher's uses A.V. aids to enhance the student's comprehension of the concepts; (3) teacher speaks at a rate which allows students time to take notes; (4) teacher evaluates the success of his teaching by asking questions about the topic at the end of the session and; (5) teacher assigns homework and checks it regularly. It was concluded that teachers probe questions answer is incomplete, repeats questions when necessary and also responds students queries politely and carefully; teacher establishes and maintains vigilant contact with the student's body movements do not contradict the speech and takes notes to respond students curiosity and the teachers voice can be heard easily, he raises and lowers his voice for variety and emphasis. It has been recommended that A.V. materials should be used more vigilantly by teachers to make their teaching effective, teacher must pay attention to remove sign of puzzlement to make students learning better and teacher should pay more attention to his own personality and manners and be cooperative with student's words.

title: EFFECTIVENESS OF LOW COST MATERIALS ON DIVERSE ACHIEVERS IN THE TEACHING OF PHYSICS AT SECONDARY LEVEL
abstract: The equipment's of science teaching in the most of secondary school is not available in Pakistan. The main purpose of this research is to find the effectiveness of low cost materials on diverse achievers in the physics instructing at secondary level. The nature of the study was experimental. The most suitable design for this experiment was Pre test, post test equivalent group design. A sample of 40 pupils was carefully chosen from Government High School No.2 Nowshera Cantt. The experiment continued for six weeks. Independent sample t test was used for the analysis of data. The group which has been instructed with low cost teaching aids showed successful result scores in the posttest and their achievement level further gets improved. It has been suggested that teachers training institutions ought to build up such a training programs, which would enhance the capacities of teachers in the selection and in the development of apparatuses, using low cost materials for practical work

title: Effect of In Service Training on the Working Capacity and Performance of Science Teachers at Secondary Level
abstract: This study was conducted to evaluate impact of in service training on the professional competence of science teachers at secondary level. All the science teachers of secondary schools constituted the population of this study. A questionnaire for science teachers was developed to explore the nature of in service training and its effect on professional competence of science teachers. Data analyses revealed that the in service training has a significant impact on the professional competence of science teachers at secondary level. However some improvement is still needed as for as training procedure and duration is concerned. The main findings of the study Successful completion of in service training has a positive and far reaching impact on the professional competence, In Service training has made the implementation of science curricula more effective as it has made science teachers aware of new curricular changes, In service training has developed science teachers' attitude towards teaching profession.  10.5901/jesr.2013.v4n3p337

title: The Changes and Challenges of Secondary Level Teachers Education in Pakistan: A Training Perspective
abstract: In the present world teachers are not only the agents of cultural transformation or managers of discipline and order but also the source of information, searcher of new areas and explorer of the unknown world. Pakistan is a country that has many challenges in different sector but most of them are linked with education in general and teacher education in particular. Training of teachers for knowledge economy reflects among students incorporating and enhancing the world over changes within the frame work of their own culture, tradition and aspiration of the people. That must be the sole purpose of teacher education to enhance current changes. The education policy (2009) determines that the improving education quality depends on the teachers' quality, curriculum and pedagogy, text books, assessment approaches, learning environment and physical facilities. Ministry of education (2009) has worked and developed Professional Standard for Teacher Education. The study is focused on the analysis of currents patterns of teacher education in Pakistan with reference to quality education and suggested the ways and techniques to bring changes and harmonise it with world level training. The weak areas are explored and newer ideas are explained for enhancement of change by predicting the future challenges.

title: In Service Training of Secondary Level Teachers: a Follow up of Teachers' Performance in Comparative Perspective
abstract: Academic engagement is the focus, interest, effort, energy and time that students are willing to spend in their learning activities or tasks. It is a question whether academic engagement can be induced by a motivational force namely achievement need, the concern for achieving excellence through individual efforts. This study investigates the role of achievement need in predicting flow in high school students. This study used a preliminary data involving 94 high school students aged sixteen attending two different secondary schools. Students responded to a questionnaire set consisting of a subscale measuring flow and another measuring achievement need. Simple linear regression analysis found that for high school students in this study, achievement need significantly predicts flow. When examined in detail, standard multiple regression analysis found that only two out of three dimensions of achievement need significantly predict flow: commitment and competition. Accomplishment was not found to be a significant predictor to high school students' academic engagement. It is suggested that parents and teachers need to emphasize this achievement need motivation in students so that they become intrinsically motivated and subsequently go into flow when doing their academic tasks to achieve better performance.

title: TOWARDS TECHNOLOGICAL ERA: POTENTIAL OF CURRICULUM OF COMPUTER SCIENCES AT SECONDARY LEVEL IN PAKISTAN
abstract: Twenty first century is known as the century of technologies, making lives easier and more comfortable. Now, one can check his/her bank balance, pay utility bills and can have updates with the help of technology. One can check the environmental changes and can take safety measures through technology. Computer is the most wonderful technology which has provided incredible services to the human beings. Advanced nations have done tremendous attainments in all fields of life with the use of computer. Computer education is becoming essential for smart work in the market place. Government of Pakistan has introduced computer education at school level with the aim to prepare the young generation for working in the technological era. The objectives of the study were (i) to find the opinion of teachers about the applications of computer in technological era (ii) to find the opinion of the teachers about the potential of computer sciences taught at secondary level. A questionnaire was developed for knowing the opinion of the teachers about computer education. Each statement of the questionnaire was checked on significance level 0.05 by suing chi square technique. It was found that computer has made our work smart and its education is essential for work place. Teaching of computer sciences at school level enable the students to learn its basic concepts and move towards higher education with prior knowledge.