Query: mental health of students

title: Closure of Universities Due to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID 19) Impact on Education and Mental Health of Students and Academic Staff
abstract: The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19) originated in Wuhan city of China, has spread rapidly around the world, sending billions of people into lockdown. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the coronavirus epidemic a pandemic. In light of rising concern about the current COVID 19 pandemic, a growing number of universities across the world have either postponed or canceled all campus events such as workshops, conferences, sports, and other activities. Universities are taking intensive measures to prevent and protect all students and staff members from the highly infectious disease. Faculty members are already in the process of transitioning to online teaching platforms. In this review, the author will highlight the potential impact of the terrible COVID 19 outbreak on the education and mental health of students and academic staff.

title: Mental health of students in a globalized world: Prevalence of complaints and disorders, methods and effectivity of counseling, structure of mental health services for students
abstract: In our globalized world the necessity for student flexibility is increasing. Psychological problems and mental disorders are frequent, and students seek help at the places where they study. This special issue presents data on the prevalence of complaints and disorders reported by students around the world. Examples of counseling services and the methods they employ are given. Proposals for the structure and the methods of mental health services for students are derived from international perspectives.

title: Students under lockdown: Comparisons of students' social networks and mental health before and during the COVID 19 crisis in Switzerland
abstract: This study investigates students' social networks and mental health before and at the time of the COVID 19 pandemic in April 2020, using longitudinal data collected since 2018. We analyze change on multiple dimensions of social networks (interaction, friendship, social support, co studying) and mental health indicators (depression, anxiety, stress, loneliness) within two cohorts of Swiss undergraduate students experiencing the crisis (N 212) and make additional comparisons to an earlier cohort which did not experience the crisis (N 54) In within person comparisons we find that interaction and co studying networks had become sparser, and more students were studying alone. Furthermore, students' levels of stress, anxiety, loneliness, and depressive symptoms got worse, compared to measures before the crisis. Stressors shifted from fears of missing out on social life to worries about health, family, friends, and their future. Exploratory analyses suggest that COVID 19 specific worries, isolation in social networks, lack of interaction and emotional support, and physical isolation were associated with negative mental health trajectories. Female students appeared to have worse mental health trajectories when controlling for different levels of social integration and COVID 19 related stressors. As universities and researchers discuss future strategies on how to combine on site teaching with online courses, our results indicate the importance of considering social contacts in students' mental health and offer starting points to identify and support students at higher risk of social isolation and negative psychological effects during the COVID 19 pandemic.

title: Health behaviors and mental health of students attending alternative high schools: a review of the research literature.
abstract: The purpose of this review is to describe current knowledge about health risk behaviors and mental health among alternative high school students.  Substance use, diet and/or physical activity, sexual risk behaviors, mental health, and violence were reviewed. Students were described as marginalized youth facing significant social environmental challenges. Findings from 43 studies published from 1997 2010 suggested a high prevalence of health risk behaviors among alternative high school students. Very few studies were conducted by nurse researchers. Suggestions for future research include addressing social environmental factors, resiliency, and emotional/mental health outcomes.  Alternative high schools offer a venue to conduct research and implement nursing interventions with high risk, yet resilient, youth.

title: Gender differences in the association of smartphone use with the vitality and mental health of adolescent students
abstract: The present study examined variations in the degree of smartphone use behavior among male and female adolescents as well as the association between various degrees of smartphone use behavior and the vitality and mental health of each gender.  A total of 218 adolescents were recruited from a junior college in September 2014.  All the participants were asked to answer questionnaires on smartphone use.  The findings showed that adolescent females as compared with adolescent males exhibited significantly higher degrees of smartphone dependence and smartphone influence. Positive correlations were observed between the duration of smartphone use on weekends and the vitality/mental health of the male adolescents; negative correlations were found between smartphone dependence and the vitality/mental health of males.  The findings demonstrate that adolescent females are deeply affected by their smartphone use. Smartphone dependence may decrease the vitality and mental health of male adolescents.

title: Predicting the mental health of college students with psychological capital
abstract: Behavioral health treatment is grounded in the medical model with language of deficits and problems, rather than resources and strengths. With developments in the field of positive psychology, re focusing on well being rather than illness is possible.  The primary purpose of this study was to examine relationships and predictions that exist between levels of mental health in college students, i.e. flourishing, moderate mental health, and languishing, and psychological capital (PsyCap)  For this cross sectional, exploratory study survey method was used for data collection and for analyses of results a series of descriptive, correlation, ANOVA, and multiple regression analyses were done.  Results indicated that developing positive psychological strengths such as hope, efficacy, resilience, and optimism (acronym HERO) within college students significantly increased their positive mental health.  Based on the predictive nature of PsyCap, mental health professionals may engage more in creating programs incorporating PsyCap development intervention for college students. Implications for counseling and programmatic services for college students are presented along with suggestions for future research.

title: Effects of COVID 19 on College Students' Mental Health in the United States: Interview Survey Study
abstract: Student mental health in higher education has been an increasing concern. The COVID 19 pandemic situation has brought this vulnerable population into renewed focus.  Our study aims to conduct a timely assessment of the effects of the COVID 19 pandemic on the mental health of college students.  We conducted interview surveys with 195 students at a large public university in the United States to understand the effects of the pandemic on their mental health and well being. The data were analyzed through quantitative and qualitative methods.  Of the 195 students, 138 (71% indicated increased stress and anxiety due to the COVID 19 outbreak. Multiple stressors were identified that contributed to the increased levels of stress, anxiety, and depressive thoughts among students. These included fear and worry about their own health and of their loved ones (177/195, 91% reported negative impacts of the pandemic) difficulty in concentrating (173/195, 89% disruptions to sleeping patterns (168/195, 86% decreased social interactions due to physical distancing (167/195, 86% and increased concerns on academic performance (159/195, 82% To cope with stress and anxiety, participants have sought support from others and helped themselves by adopting either negative or positive coping mechanisms.  Due to the long lasting pandemic situation and onerous measures such as lockdown and stay at home orders, the COVID 19 pandemic brings negative impacts on higher education. The findings of our study highlight the urgent need to develop interventions and preventive strategies to address the mental health of college students.

title: Mental Health and Behavior of College Students During the Early Phases of the COVID 19 Pandemic: Longitudinal Smartphone and Ecological Momentary Assessment Study
abstract: The vast majority of people worldwide have been impacted by coronavirus disease (COVID 19) In addition to the millions of individuals who have been infected with the disease, billions of individuals have been asked or required by local and national governments to change their behavioral patterns. Previous research on epidemics or traumatic events suggests that this can lead to profound behavioral and mental health changes; however, researchers are rarely able to track these changes with frequent, near real time sampling or compare their findings to previous years of data for the same individuals.  By combining mobile phone sensing and self reported mental health data among college students who have been participating in a longitudinal study for the past 2 years, we sought to answer two overarching questions. First, have the behaviors and mental health of the participants changed in response to the COVID 19 pandemic compared to previous time periods? Second, are these behavior and mental health changes associated with the relative news coverage of COVID 19 in the US media?  Behaviors such as the number of locations visited, distance traveled, duration of phone usage, number of phone unlocks, sleep duration, and sedentary time were measured using the StudentLife smartphone sensing app. Depression and anxiety were assessed using weekly self reported ecological momentary assessments of the Patient Health Questionnaire 4. The participants were 217 undergraduate students, with 178 (82.0% students providing data during the Winter 2020 term. Differences in behaviors and self reported mental health collected during the Winter 2020 term compared to previous terms in the same cohort were modeled using mixed linear models.  During the first academic term impacted by COVID 19 (Winter 2020) individuals were more sedentary and reported increased anxiety and depression symptoms (P<.001) relative to previous academic terms and subsequent academic breaks. Interactions between the Winter 2020 term and the week of the academic term (linear and quadratic) were significant. In a mixed linear model, phone usage, number of locations visited, and week of the term were strongly associated with increased amount of COVID 19 related news. When mental health metrics (eg, depression and anxiety) were added to the previous measures (week of term, number of locations visited, and phone usage) both anxiety (P<.001) and depression (P=.03) were significantly associated with COVID 19 related news.  Compared with prior academic terms, individuals in the Winter 2020 term were more sedentary, anxious, and depressed. A wide variety of behaviors, including increased phone usage, decreased physical activity, and fewer locations visited, were associated with fluctuations in COVID 19 news reporting. While this large scale shift in mental health and behavior is unsurprising, its characterization is particularly important to help guide the development of methods to reduce the impact of future catastrophic events on the mental health of the population.

title: Applying an Educational participatory Program based on the PRECEDE Model for Promoting Self esteem and Mental Health of Students in Iran
abstract: The students' vulnerability to different problems can have an impact on their mental health. Regarding the lack of evidence on the effectiveness of interventional programs based on health education planning models in this area in developing countries, an educational participatory program based on the PRECEDE model was used, to promote the medical science students' self esteem and mental health status, in Iran.  In this experimental study, 154 students from the universities of medical sciences in the north east of Iran were selected by stratified random sampling method. Then, they were randomly assigned to two groups of case and control. The questionnaires, including the enabling, reinforcing, and predisposing factors, the Rosenberg self esteem scale, and the GHQ 28 were used for data collection. Then, an intervention plan, including focus group discussions and training of selected life skills, based on the PRECEDE model, was conducted for the case group.  The predisposing, reinforcing, and enabling factors, and the self esteem and mental health of the students showed a significant difference between the case and control groups. The Pearson correlation coefficient showed that there was a correlation between mental health and knowledge (P =0.008) between self esteem and knowledge (P =0.02) self esteem and attitude (P =0.01) and mental health and attitude (P 0.03)  Health promotion planning by using life skills training based on the PRECEDE model can result in participation and empowerment, in order to promote the self esteem and mental health of the students.

title: [Mental health status and its influencing factors among college students during the epidemic of COVID 19]
abstract: To investigate the mental health status of college students during the epidemic of COVID 19 and identify the factors influencing the mental health of the students.  Using a general questionnaire, a self designed new coronavirus pneumonia knowledge and cognitive behavior questionnaire, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 (GAD 7) and Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ 9) we conducted an internet based questionnaire survey of 3881 college students in Guangdong Province. A multinomial logistic regression model was used to analyze the collected data.  The survey showed that 69.47% of the college students had a high level of awareness of COVID 19; the overall incidence of anxiety was 26.60% and the incidences of mild, moderate and severe anxiety were 23.19% 2.71% and 0.70% respectively. Depressive emotions were detected in 21.16% of the students, and the incidences of mild, moderate, and moderate to severe depression were 16.98% 3.17% and 1.01% respectively. The results of multivariate analysis showed that an older age was associated with a higher level of awareness of COVID 19 and greater changes in future health behaviors were associated with less anxiety and depression among the students. The students currently in rural areas, of non medical majors, and reporting half of their information concerning the epidemic being negative were more likely to have anxiety; female gender, residence in suburbs, a drinking history, and excessive negative information concerning the epidemic were all associated with the likeliness of depression.  The college students have different levels of anxiety and depression during the epidemic. Depression and anxiety are closely related, but the factors contributing to different levels of such emotions can be different, and colleges and related departments are urged to provide precision mental health education for college students.