Query: stevia connata

title: Stevia connata Lag.

title: Longipinane derivatives from Stevia connata.
abstract: The hexane extracts of the roots of Stevia connata afforded three new longipinene derivatives, longipinane 7beta,8alpha, 9alpha triol 1 one 7 angelate 8 methylbutyrate (1) longipin 2 ene 7beta,8alpha,9alpha triol 1 one 8,9 diangelate (6) and longipin 2 ene 7beta,8alpha,9alpha triol 1 one 8 angelate 9 methylbutyrate (8) together with the known longipinane 7beta,8alpha,9alpha triol 1 one 8,9 diangelate (2) longipinane 7beta,8alpha,9alpha triol 1 one 7,9 diangelate (3) longipinane 7beta,8alpha,9alpha triol 1 one 7,8 diangelate (4) longipin 2 ene 7beta,8alpha,9alpha triol 1 one 7,8 diangelate (5) longipin 2 ene 7beta,8alpha,9alpha triol 1 one 7 angelate 8 methylbutyrate (12) and stigmasterol. The structures of the new compounds were determined by chemical transformations and spectral methods including 2D NMR measurements. Spontaneous intramolecular transesterifications starting from the 8 angelate 9 methylbutyrate 8 provided an equilibrated mixture of the 7 angelate 9 methylbutyrate 10, the 7 angelate 8 methylbutyrate 12 and the starting material when stored in MeOH H(2)O solution, while the 8,9 diangelate 6 only provided a binary mixture of the 7, 9 diangelate 7 and the starting material under the same conditions. The structures of 6 8, 10, and 12 and those of the nonisolable reaction intermediates 9, 11, and 14 were further evaluated by AM1 semiempirical calculations.

title: Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni. an updated review of its health benefits, industrial applications and safety
abstract: Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) a perennial shrub of the Compositae family, is cultivated in many regions across the world. It is famous for its sweetness, which is due to the presence of steviol glycosides, having 100 300 times the sweetness of sucrose. It has been used as a sweetener and a sugar substitute in the food and drug industry. Due to its rich nutritional and phytochemical profile, stevia also provides beneficial effects against a plethora of health conditions. Scope and approach The main aim of this review is to present an updated overview on stevia and isolated phytochemical, steviol glycosides, highlighting the health benefits, phytochemistry, industrial applications, and safety.  Various studies have highlighted promising health benefits of stevia against diabetes, obesity, hypertension, cancer, dental caries, oxidative stress and microbial infections. Besides its health benefits, industrial applications of stevia particularly as food and food ingredient, as sucrose replacer, as fertilizers and animal feed, and as solubilizing or foaming agents have been discussed. Novel approaches to improve the taste profile of steviol glycosides have also been highlighted. Moreover, a large body of evidence tend to show that stevia is safe for human consumption. However, its clinical efficacy and uses still remain controversial. Therefore, this study advocates for long term clinical studies to provide in depth insights into its safety, health benefits, and physiological mechanisms.

title: Green synthesis of zinc sulfide (ZnS) nanoparticles using Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni and evaluation of its cytotoxic properties
abstract: In recent years, the advanced approach regarding the green synthesis of nanoparticles through biogenic methods and the use of plants secondary metabolites has been quite critical. The rate of reduction observed in biological methodologies is much faster compared to chemical and physical methods. Therefore, this technique is an environment friendly and cost efficient alternative against conventional methods, and is also suitable for large scale production. In this research, ZnS nanoparticles were synthesized using a natural sweetener glycoside in the aqueous crude extract of Stevia rebaudiana that acted as an excellent bio reductant. The structure of synthesized ZnS nanoparticles were examined through XRD, EDAX, SEM, TEM, and FTIR. The average size of ZnS nanoparticles was found to be 8.35 nm while being highly stable and predominantly spherical. The peaks at 3414.82 cm 1, which were dedicated to the OH groups from the glucose aqueous crude extract of Stevia, were observed to be very broad and thus, the FTIR spectra confirmed the presence of glucose as a capping agent and stabilizer. The cytotoxic effects of the nanoparticles was studied against the MCF 7 cancer cell line. The IC50 values of ZnS nanopartilces and Stevia extract against MCF 7 cell line were 400 and 2000 mg/mL, respectively.

title: Maternal low dose aspartame and stevia consumption with an obesogenic diet alters metabolism, gut microbiota and mesolimbic reward system in rat dams and their offspring
abstract: We examined the impact of maternal low dose aspartame and stevia consumption on adiposity, glucose tolerance, gut microbiota and mesolimbic pathway in obese dams and their offspring.  Following obesity induction, female Sprague Dawley rats were allocated during pregnancy and lactation to: (1) high fat/sucrose diet (HFS) +water (obese WTR) (2) HFS +aspartame (obese APM; 5 7 mg/kg/day) (3) HFS +stevia (obese STV; 2 3 mg/kg/day) Offspring were weaned onto control diet and water and followed until 18 weeks. Gut microbiota and metabolic outcomes were measured in dams and offspring. Cecal matter from offspring at weaning was used for faecal microbiota transplant (FMT) into germ free (GF) mice.  Maternal APM and STV intake with a HFS diet increased body fat in offspring at weaning and body weight long term with APM. Maternal APM/HFS consumption impaired glucose tolerance in male offspring at age 8 weeks and both APM and STV altered faecal microbiota in dams and offspring. Maternal obesity/HFS diet affected offspring adiposity and glucose tolerance more so than maternal LCS consumption at age 12 and 18 weeks. APM and STV altered expression of genes in the mesolimbic reward system that may promote consumption of a palatable diet. GF mice receiving an FMT from obese APM and obese STV offspring had greater weight gain and body fat and impaired glucose tolerance compared with obese WTR.  Maternal low calorie sweetener consumption alongside HFS may disrupt weight regulation, glucose control and gut microbiota in dams and their offspring most notably in early life despite no direct low calorie sweetener consumption by offspring.

title: Performance analyses of mixed mode forced convection solar dryer for drying of stevia leaves
abstract: In the present work, experimental investigations carried out on drying of Stevia leaves in a newly developed solar dryer of mixed mode forced convection type (MFSCD) and open sun drying (OSD) are presented. Experiments have been performed under the average solar radiation of 567 W/m2, ambient temperature of 30 degC and drying air flow rate of 0.049 kg/s. The safe (final) moisture content of stevia leaves 0.053 (d.b) has reached in 330 min and 870 min of drying time in MFSCD and OSD, respectively. The overall dryer efficiency and average exergy efficiency of the MFSCD were found as 33.5% and 59.1% respectively. Quality analyses were carried out for fresh, open sun dried and solar dried stevia leave samples. It was found that the anti oxidant and the flavonoids were rich in solar dried samples compared to that of OSD samples. The color preservation is good in solar dried samples compared to OSD. Sensory analysis (flavor, aroma and taste) carried out on stevia leaves indicated that the solar dried stevia leaves provided better score compared to OSD samples. The estimated payback period of the newly developed dryer was found as 0.65 yr.

title: Sugar reduction: Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni as a natural sweetener
abstract: Excessive sugar consumption is associated with the development of numerous health problems, such as obesity and many chronic diseases (e.g. cardiovascular disease, diabetes) Obesity is a rapidly growing public health problem, thus its prevention and treatment are crucial to improve the quality of life. Among others, sugar sweetened beverage consumption was considered as a key risk factor that contributes to a significant excess of sugar in the diet. The World Health Organization is intensively working on strategies to reduce sugar intake by featuring educational methods and innovative marketing techniques for various communities, media, governments, and industries. Despite many studies about low energy sweeteners and their impact on health, it is still controversial to use low energy sweeteners as adequate substitutes for sugar in low energy products. One of those sweeteners is steviol glycoside (E 960) that is obtained from the plant Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, which increased in popularity due to its natural origin. Stevia also stands out for its rich profile of biologically active compounds, of which the most significant and the most researched, are diterpene glycosides, polyphenols, carotenoids, and chlorophylls. Stevia plants have been considered as a biosweetener with important functional and sensory properties, and superior to many other high potency sweeteners, thus it is likely to find its application as a high potency low calorie sweetener for the growing natural food market in the future.

title: Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni, a Source of High Potency Natural Sweetener Biochemical and Genetic Characterization
abstract: Stevia rebaudiana is a natural sweetener herb that is increasingly used in herbal medicines in the food and cosmetics industries. Molecular methods can be combined with morphological techniques to identify stevia genotypes as a starting material to produce more reliable bioproducts. This study evaluated the level of the genetic and biochemical diversity in various stevia genotypes using HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) analysis and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Stevia genotypes collected from different locations of the world showed clear variations at the biochemical and genetic level in Polish climate conditions. The influence of the genotypes on the content of steviol glycosides, antioxidants, phenols, flavonoids, and tannins was analyzed using phytochemical assays. Genotypes from Morocco, Poland, Egypt, and Nigeria can be defined as samples of higher quality compared to other genotypes analyzed in terms of the amount of steviol glycosides. Considering the rebaudioside A/stevioside ratio as a selection criterion, genotypes from Australia, China, India, and Pakistan should be considered to be valuable in terms of suitability for obtaining new varieties. The present results of RAPD marker analysis indicated differential banding pattern and considerable polymorphism among all ten stevia genotypes. Genotypes from Morocco, Egypt, Poland, Nigeria, China, and India, as genetically different, can be selected for further stevia breeding programs.

title: Polyphenols from Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) leaves and their functional properties.
abstract: The major polyphenol components from Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) leaves (PPS) are chlorogenic acids, a polyphenol family of esters, including hydroxycinnamic acids with quinic acid, which possesses excellent hydrophilic antioxidant activity and other therapeutic properties. As an abundant byproduct during production of steviol glycosides, the PPS would be a new antioxidantive food resource or additives applied in foods and drugs with antidiabetic function. Extracting PPS from S. rebaudiana (Bertoni) leaves together with steviol glycosides would be an economic process, which will change most operation process in current Stevia factories. The quantification of PPS needs to be unified for regulation. In view of the current regulation status of polyphenols and extracts from Stevia, the PPS would be ready to go to the market with few regulation barriers in the near future. This review will summarize the analysis, extraction, and some functional properties of PPS, such as antioxidant, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, anti inflammatory, and anticancer.

title: Modeling and optimization of ultrasound assisted green extraction and rapid HPTLC analysis of stevioside from Stevia Rebaudiana
abstract: Stevioside is the major constituent of the Stevia Rebaudiana plant. The aim of this study is to appraise optimum procedure conditions for extraction of stevioside from Stevia Rebaudiana by Peleg's mathematical methodology. Stevioside from dried leaves of Stevia Rebaudiana was extracted by means of probe type sonication system using glycerol as a green and generally recognized as safe (GRAS) solvent. High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) was used as a very efficient, rapid and precise method for stevioside detection and analysis. Results demonstrated that the optimum conditions for ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) of stevioside from Stevia Rebaudiana are glycerol as solvent, temperature of 70 degC, plant to solvent proportion of 1:30, plant powder particle size of 0.075 mm, 200 W ultrasound irradiation power and 20 kHz ultrasound irradiation frequency. The comparing experimental results for Ceq of extracted stevioside with calculated values from Peleg's mathematical model showed good and acceptable agreement. As a consequence, it was concluded that the ultrasound assisted extraction is an efficient, fast, and economic method for extraction of stevioside from Stevia Rebaudiana in comparing with Soxhlet and maceration methods. Moreover, selected mathematical model displays the system with an acceptable accuracy which can predict the optimal conditions for extraction of stevioside those are close enough to experimental results.  This investigation presented a mathematic model and experimental approach for the optimization of stevioside content of Stevia Rebaudiana using the ultrasound assisted extraction and HPTLC analysis. Compared with the classic methods for optimizing of stevioside using the mathematic approaches or chemical experiments, the Peleg's method is more precise and convenient. Moreover using ultrasound and HPTLC as extraction and analysis method, respectively, provides safer, rapid, and simple way for their stevioside extraction. Therefore, the method demonstrated in the present investigation could be used to extract the stevioside of Stevia Rebaudiana in food and beverage industries.