Query: Visual search characteristics of volleyball setter

title: Response Time, Visual Search Strategy, and Anticipatory Skills in Volleyball Players
abstract: This paper aimed at comparing expert and novice volleyball players in a visuomotor task using realistic stimuli. Videos of a volleyball setter performing offensive action were presented to participants, while their eye movements were recorded by a head mounted video based eye tracker. Participants were asked to foresee the direction (forward or backward) of the setter's toss by pressing one of two keys. Key press response time, response accuracy, and gaze behaviour were measured from the first frame showing the setter's hand ball contact to the button pressed by the participants. Experts were faster and more accurate in predicting the direction of the setting than novices, showing accurate predictions when they used a search strategy involving fewer fixations of longer duration, as well as spending less time in fixating all display areas from which they extract critical information for the judgment. These results are consistent with the view that superior performance in experts is due to their ability to efficiently encode domain specific information that is relevant to the task.

title: Research on Athletes Visual Search A Case Study
abstract: This paper aimed at comparing expert and novice volleyball players in a visual motor task using realistic stimuli. A Volleyball Setter attack action video to the participants, while their eye movements were recorded on the head video based on eye movement. Participants were asked to predict the direction (forward or backward) the press of a key, toss setter. The key response time, response speed, and gaze behavior is from the first frame display setter ball contact to the measurement of the button pressed. Experts predict faster and more accurate than the direction of novice, show accurate predictions, continues for a long time they use fixed less search strategy and cost less time watching all the display area, key information is extracted from the judgment in the. These results are consistent with the view that superior performance in experts is due to their ability to efficiently encode domain specific information that is relevant to the task.

title: Research on Elite Volleyball Athletes' Characteristics of Anticipation Taking "Smash" as Example
abstract: To investigate the elite volleyball athletes' characteristics of anticipation when they defended,provide the basis for the ability to anticipate training and guidance.The E Prime 2.0 was used to show volleyball smash videos and the eye tracking system was used to measure the anticipating process of defensive players according to expert novice paradigm.The elite athletes' response speed faster and response accuracy higher,less number of fixations and larger saccade distance,in addition to "attacker" as the main source of information,"setter" as an important source of information,the attackers' arms and upper body as important anticipating clues when they anticipate smash directions.The elite athletes have certain advantage of visual information processing when they anticipate,the results provided evidences of "how to look and what to see" when predicting smash directions.

title: Experimental Research on Different Periods of Eye Movement Characteristics for Smashing Action Graph by Volleyball Players
abstract: It has been an important topic which sport psychologists keep studying to use scientific laboratory apparatus to search for athletes' eye movementfeatures. According to the research,volleyballers' eye movement timing features and spatial features can be accurately recorded instantly by using the eyemovement recorder,and the eye movement recorder is an effective instrument to reflect volleyballers' visual features. In this research,the ASL Eye Tracker6000 was used for research on the visual search focus point and eye movement features in smashing action graph of volleyball players of different skill levels, try to explore the intrinsic cognitive rules of visual search in the volleyball smashing movement graph by volleyballers,and providing theoretical references forscientific training in volleyball playing,psychological selection and proper use of skills and tactics and others. It is found that(1)the average fixation time, total fixation time,the average saccade distance,the average saccade speed and the diameter of the pupil of eye movement indices in each period of high lev el athletes were higher than the low level athletes. The fixation point number of high level athlete in the address period was larger than that of the low level ath letes.(2)the average fixation duration of high level and low level players in different period ball contrasted significantly,total fixation time on the ball and theball between period was very significant,the average saccade speed difference in the take off phase and a phase contrast significantly,the fixation point num ber in the ball during the period,the average contrast significantly difference the pupil diameter in the differences between the three period contrast is quitesignificant.(3)the judgment correctness of high level volleyball players was significantly higher than that of low level with significant difference. It meansthat high level volleyball players have acquired the ability to visually search for action information stably,accurately,and effectively and the ability to quick ly process information and make correct decisions.

title: The effect of an educational program based on the theory of brain based learning on the development of emotional intelligence and some basic skills in volleyball
abstract: The research aims to design an educational program using the theory of brain based learning and to know its effect on the development of emotional intelligence and the level of skill performance of some basic skills in volleyball, The researcher used the experimental method due to its suitability to the nature of this study, and he used one of the experimental designs, which is the experimental design for three groups (two experimental groups and a control group) using pre and post measurement, The basic sample was chosen by the intentional method on the beginners of the Ahli Quesna club, and their number was (40) beginners, the researcher reached the following conclusions: The use of brain based learning theory has a positive effect on improving the skill level of the skills under discussion, There were no statistically significant differences between the averages of the post measurements between the two experimental research groups in the skill variables under discussion, Based on the results of the research that there is a strong correlation between learning type (auditory visual) and the follow up of beginners and the level of skill performance, The more communication and following the appropriate pattern for beginners, the greater the improvement in the level of skill performance.  The world is now going through a tremendous revolution in the world of educational technology and its spread in the world of teaching and perhaps the conflict between countries now in order for each of them to keep pace with the tremendous progress in scientific capabilities and modern thought, which in turn keeps pace with that existing technological revolution and all this is in order to improve the teaching process and develop education and learning which in turn depends On innovative thinking and creativity and training those in charge of the education process to keep pace with this tremendous technological revolution. ) Preparing the learner who is able to play a positive role requires the need to search for teaching strategies that help the learner build meaning for what he learns and develop in it his ability to solve problems, so he relies on himself in learning and is not expected to provide him with ready made solutions to the scientific problems facing him. (3:53) Jensen 2000 AD believes that the theory of brain based learning emphasizes learning with the presence of the mind, with the presence of high arousal, realism, pleasure, excitement, fun and cooperation, the absence of threat, the multiplicity and overlap of systems in the educational process, and other characteristics of harmonious learning with the brain.

title: A study of saccadic eye movement dynamics in volleyball: comparison between athletes and non athletes.
abstract: Visual search strategy in sports may influence performance. Thus it is interesting to investigate oculo motor behavior of athletes and its possible impingement upon sport training and coaching. The differences in fixations and saccadic eye movements between expert volleyball players and novice subjects was studied, by carrying out a precise analysis of gaze shifts during the observation of a standard game situation.  Fifteen professional athletes and fifteen non athletes watched at a volleyball filmed sequence in which a setter receives a pass tossed from the coach and sets it forward or backward. Then, the number and duration of fixations to specific interest areas (IAs) were counted. In addition, the sequences of saccades from each IA to the others were analyzed.  The results showed that expert players performed fewer fixations of longer duration and spent more time looking first at the initial pass trajectory and then at the setter's hands, disregarding the ball trajectory. The non athletes, instead, followed the whole course of the ball, before and after the hands touch.  These findings support the interpretation that experts volleyball players extract more task relevant information from each fixation than do less skilled athletes, and that player's proficiency influences the strategy used in the treatment of visual information.

title: An exploration of the representation of immigrant women in a sample from the Spanish press setter: images appear in the text itself
abstract: The number of women immigrating to Spain in search of a better life has increased in recent years. However, very articles pay attention to the reasons why they emigrate. A corpus of 30 pieces of news related to immigrant women was collected from February 2012 to April 2013 from the digital version of the main Spanish newspapers El Pais, El Mundo and ABC. The main hypotheses in this research are: Immigrant women are not very visible in the Spanish press; they are mainly represented as vulnerable and as victims; and they are normally connected to social problems. To confirm or to disprove said hypotheses, this article employs critical discourse analysis, including visual grammar, to analyse the main topics of the pieces of news dealing with immigrant women, and the main linguistic and visual characteristics used to describe them. It transpires that immigrant women are portrayed in the Spanish press as dependent, passive and confined to their homes. Moreover, the majority of the articles on immigrant women associated them with prostitution. The partial representation of immigrant women observed in the corpus of examples does not favour the development of a society established on principles of democracy and equality. In this sense, it is necessary to rethink the depiction of immigrant women in the press, in order to question their role in modern day migratory movements.

title: Cue usage in volleyball: a time course comparison of elite, intermediate and non experienced players
abstract: In volleyball, one can not interrupt the opponents game, so a volleyball team has to anticipate and be prepared to counter or defend an attack. Research on visual search in volleyball 1,2 and other ball sports 3 has suggested that, unlike non experienced volleyball players, experienced players do not keep their eyes on the ball continuously. They only watch the first part of ball flight and then watch the setter. However, these experiments were performed on one isolated action (pass) and with only one opponent (setter) Because the presence of more opponents has an effect on the visual behavior 4 this study examined the visual behavior of a realistic volleyball situation with six opponents.

title: The link between molecular cloud structure and turbulence
abstract: We aim to better understand how the spatial structure of molecular clouds is governed by turbulence. For that, we study the large scale spatial distribution of low density molecular gas and search for characteristic length scales. We employ a 35 square degrees 13CO 1 0 molecular line survey of Cygnus X and visual extinction (Av) maps of 17 Galactic clouds to analyse the spatial structure using the Delta variance method. The Delta variance spectra obtained from the Av maps show differences between low mass star forming (SF) clouds and massive giant molecular clouds (GMC) in terms of shape of the spectrum and values of the slope beta. Low mass SF clouds have a double peak structure with characteristic size scales around 1 pc and 4 pc. These scales may represent SF molecular clumps (1 pc) and/or the width (1 pc) and length (4 pc) of filaments. GMCs show no characteristic scale in the Av maps which can partly be ascribed to a distance effect due to a larger line of sight (LOS) confusion. The Delta variance for Cygnus, determined from the 13CO survey, shows characteristic scales at 4 pc and 40 pc, either reflecting the filament structure and large scale turbulence forcing or for the 4 pc scale the treshhold scale when the 13CO 1 0 line becomes optically thick. Though there are different reasons for characteristic scales (geometry, decaying turbulence, LOS effects and energy injection due to expanding supernava shells, outflows, etc. and the relative conribution of these effects strongly varies from cloud to cloud, it is remarkable that the resulting turbulent structure of molecular clouds shows similar characteristics.

title: Variance in search time: Do groups always reduce risk?
abstract: retrievers (N=13, x=2, P=0 011, one tailed) exhibited a preference for their siblings, red setters showed no preference (N=15, x=6, P=0 304, one tailed) It should be noted that it does not logically follow that the lack of preference in this breed represents a lack of ability to recognize their siblings. The pups of this breed were more excitable than other breeds and this may have accounted for the lack of preference The results indicate that the domestic dog is capable of recognizing its sibling litter At the time of testing the perceptual capabilities of the pups were well developed and recognition could be achieved by any of the senses Observation of the pups indicated that recognition was probably achieved by a combination of visual and olfactory cues. Pups orientated to the cage by visual cues and then used olfactory cues for `close up' recognition Since the pups from a particular litter were raised together familiarity may play an important role in the recognition of these littermates. The experiment was carried out in the middle of the `sensitive period' for socialization in the dog (e .g Scott 1957 Freedman et al. 1961) and thus the pups had ample opportunity to learn about the characteristics of their siblings The results demonstrate that the domestic dog is capable of sibling recognition, and this supports observations of the behaviour of wild canids which suggests a role for kinship in their behaviour I thank D. Duffy, C. Kerr, P. Magee, N McAllister, M McGavey, P. Robinson and E, Rooney for the use of their dogs