Query: carbon monoxide AND indoor air AND plants

title: Mitigation of indoor air pollutants using Areca palm potted plants in real life settings
abstract: Deterioration of indoor air quality (IAQ) has become a serious concern as people spend lots of time indoors and prolonged pollution exposure can result in adverse health outcomes. Indoor plants can phytoremediate a wide variety of indoor contaminants. Nonetheless, few experiments have demonstrated their efficacy in real time environments. Therefore, the present study aims to experimentally assess the efficiency of Areca palm potted plants in phytoremediation of primary indoor air pollutant viz. total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs) carbon dioxide (CO 2 and carbon monoxide (CO) levels from real world indoor spaces, for the first time. Four discrete naturally ventilated experimental sites (I IV) situated at the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR IHBT) were used. For over a period of 4 months, the sites were monitored using zero plants as a control (1 4 week) three plants (5 8 week) six plants (9 12 week) and nine plants (13 16 week) respectively. Present results indicate that Areca palm potted plants can effectively reduce the TVOCs, CO 2 and CO levels by 88.16% in site IV, 52.33% and 95.70% in site III, respectively. The current study concluded that Areca palm potted plants offer an efficient, cost effective, self regulating, sustainable solution for improving indoor air quality and thereby human well being and productivity in closed and confined spaces.

title: Smart Indoor Air Pollution Monitoring Station
abstract: The term "Air Pollution" generally refers to the outdoor air pollution, mainly caused by combustion of fossil fuels by industrial plants, smog, and emissions from cars and trucks. But the air indoors can also be polluted. Indoor air pollution refers to the contamination of indoor air. It may cause harmful health issues. The main sources of indoor air pollution are pesticides, chimneys which contain pollutants such as particulate matter, biomass smoke, fireplaces, moulds, and environmental tobacco smoke. The pollutants are nitrogen dioxide(NO2) Ammonia, sulphur dioxide(SO2) radon, carbon monoxide(CO) carbon dioxide (CO2) and benzene. In this Internet of Things(IoT) project, wireless air pollution monitoring system is built, which sends alerts to the user by using the Internet, when the concentration of pollutants measured goes beyond safer level. This system can be preferred over the existing systems because the alerts sent by the system can be received by the user on mobile phone from any distance irrespective of whether it is connected to the Internet. The microcontroller used is the NodeMCU Dev board v1.0 which consist of ESP8266, Wi Fi enabled chip. The sensor used is MQ135, air quality sensor, which along with microcontroller can be used to monitor the pollution indoors.

title: MICROORGANISMS AS INDOOR AND OUTDOOR AIR BIOLOGICAL POLLUTION
abstract: Air pollution is a major threat to human health. Biological air pollution is predominantly caused by the pollen of plants, fungi, bacteria and viruses. The main sources of microorganisms in the air include soil, water and the decomposition of organic matter, while anthropogenic sources are represented by landfills, wastewater treatment plants, composting facilities and traffic. Microorganism populations in the air can be seasonal or relatively constant, but the most frequent increase in their occurrence is recorded in the summer and autumn. Studies show that humidity, the presence of carbon monoxide and ozone concentrations are the main factors affecting the diversity of bacteria and the percentage of pathogenic bacteria present in outdoor air. Microorganisms in the air inside residential buildings are primarily concentrated on dust particles. Approximately 60% of dust microbiota are spores of mould fungi. The key emitters of microorganisms into the atmosphere are municipal wastewater treatment plants. The bacteria and pathogens released are potentially resistant to antibiotics, rendering the bioaerosols of wastewater treatment plants a possible hazard to human health. There is a need for further research aimed at explaining the magnitude of impacts of air microorganisms on human health.

title: Could Houseplants Improve Indoor air Quality in Schools?
abstract: Previous studies performed by the National Aeronautics Space Administration (NASA) indicated that plants and associated soil microorganisms may be used to reduce indoor pollutant levels. This study investigated the ability of plants to improve indoor air quality in schools. A 9 wk intensive monitoring campaign of indoor and outdoor air pollution was carried out in 2011 in a primary school of Aveiro, Portugal. Measurements included temperature, carbon dioxide (CO2) carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOC) carbonyls, and particulate matter (PM10) without and with plants in a classroom. PM10 samples were analyzed for the water soluble inorganic ions, as well for carbonaceous fractions. After 6 potted plants were hung from the ceiling, the mean CO2 concentration decreased from 2004 to 1121 ppm. The total VOC average concentrations in the indoor air during periods of occupancy without and with the presence of potted plants were, respectively, 933 and 249 mg/m3. The daily PM10 levels in the classroom during the occupancy periods were always higher than those outdoors. The presence of potted plants likely favored a decrease of approximately 30% in PM10 concentrations. Our findings corroborate the results of NASA studies suggesting that plants might improve indoor air and make interior breathing spaces healthier.

title: Indoor formaldehyde removal by three species of Chlorophytum comosum under dynamic fumigation system: part 2 plant recovery
abstract: Spider plants (Chlorophytum comosum) are known to be among the most common easy mountable indoor plants capable of purifying indoor air by absorbing carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, xylene, and many other hazardous gases. In addition, these plants are non toxic and safe for pets and children. This project is focused on the investigation of the spider plants' capability of the formaldehyde purification under laboratory controlled parameters of the indoor air environment. Two scenarios including employment of fresh plants as well as recovered ones damaged by 7 day exposure of formaldehyde were considered. A special attention was made to the investigation of physiological indexes of the plant leaves after damage, and whether the spider plant could be reused after its recovery. The physiological characteristics of the recovery period of potted Chlorophytum comosum immediately after 7 days of fumigation with formaldehyde were studied. Eight physiological indexes of leaves including chlorophyll, free protein, relative conductivity, MDA (malondialdehyde, lipid peroxidation) SOD (superoxide dismutase) POD (peroxidase) T AOC (total antioxidant capacity) and stomata were selected to monitor plants' recovery processes. The results of 30 day experimental runs showed that three species of spider plants were mostly recovered within 15 days. Repeated 7 day fumigation of plants, conducted to study their ability to effectively clean the air after regeneration, confirmed such ability; the efficiency at the first day was similar to the performance of the fresh plant. However, from the second day, the efficiency was dropped by 35 50% and remained at these levels for the rest of the exercise.

title: Foliage Plants for Improving Indoor Air Quality
abstract: NASA's research with foliage houseplants during the past 10 years has produced a new concept in indoor air quality improvement. This new and exciting technology is quite simple. Both plant leaves and roots are utilized in removing trace levels of toxic vapors from inside tightly sealed buildings. Low levels of chemicals such as carbon monoxide and formaldehyde can be removed from indoor environments by plant leaves alone, while higher concentrations of numerous toxic chemicals can be removed by filtering indoor air through the plant roots surrounded by activated carbon. The activated carbon absorbs large quantities of the toxic chemicals and retains them until the plant roots and associated microorganisms degrade and assimilate these chemicals.

title: ASSESSING AND MODELLING OF SOME AIR EMISSIONS PRODUCED FROM MOPCO FERTILIZERS, DAMIETTA, EGYPT
abstract: This study assesses the environmental aspects and air quality in chemical fertilizer industry. Misr Fertilizers Company (MOPCO) at Damietta, Egypt was used as a case study to monitor indoor and outdoor air emissions to find out the main source of air pollution and evaluate the air quality in the facility. MOPCO is located within the general free zone of Damietta Port and covers an area of 400,000 m2 including three factories, three ammonia plants, and three urea production plants and a service area. Monitoring of carbon monoxide (CO) nitrogen dioxide (NO2) ammonia (NH3) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) in addition to particulate matter (PM10) noise and heat stress was carried out in the production units in MOPCO (e.g. filling area, ammonia pumping area, and boiler area (BFW) from January 2018 to July 2019. Outdoor air emissions were measured from the outlet stacks of granulation, reformer and the boiler at MOPCO. The obtained results from the three sites were less than the maximum permissible limits for CO (25 ppm) SO2 (2 ppm) NO2 (3 ppm) and NH3 (25 ppm) according to Egyptian Environment Protection Low No. 4/1994 and its amendments (No. 9/2009) Detailed air dispersion modeling (AERMOD) was applied to determine the likelihood ground level concentrations resulting from the outdoor air emissions of NO2, NH3, CO and PM10 from the stacks in MOPCO. The individual risk exposures from MOPCO have been evaluated and found to be below the maximum tolerable risk levels allowed by the Egyptian Environment Protection Low No. 4/1994.

title: Improvement of indoor air quality by houseplants in new built apartment buildings.
abstract: A group of 82 households in a new built apartment complex in Seoul, Korea participated in an investigation to examine the symptoms of sick building syndrome (SBS) using of houseplants for two observation periods. The present study confirmed the decrease of formaldehyde content in an airtight chamber containing a pot with fatsia plants. Houseplants affected the general air conditions, such as increasing relative humidity and decreasing carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. The toxic chemical substances responsible for SBS persisted at least one more years but were effectively decreased by ventilation. Houseplants facilitated the quantitative decrease of some of these chemical substances in indoor air. Indoor dwellers felt the decrease in SBS symptoms with time regardless of houseplants in both observation periods. Houseplants made a slight difference to the symptom degree of SBS in the first observation period but a significant difference in the second observation period; however, houseplants made little difference to the content of toxic chemical substances in indoor air except formaldehyde, although houseplants gave desirable results in the decrease of SBS symptoms.

title: Characterization of Indoor Air Quality in Public Area of Taiwan
abstract: Taiwan is a densely populated area with high rise buildings close to main traffic roads or industrial plants. People spend most of time a day at home, at work, or in some means transport. Since the seventies and oil crisis, energy saving, measures led to a reduction in the ventilation of building. In addition, many building have materials and equipment that give off a variety of irritating and sometimes toxic fumes or dust. The control of indoor air quality (IAQ) has become more important. For this reason, Taiwan's Indoor Air Quality Management Act is taking effect in 2013. This study was aimed at discovering common indoor air pollution at public site from the northern Taiwan, and evaluating the dynamic of carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration during working hours. Also we discussed the main effect factors on indoor air quality. The results of the high carbon monoxide (CO) and PM10 concentration may be ascribed to emissions from vehicle exhaust resulting on high traffic locations at shopping mall and hospital. The high levels of total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs) appear at post office that may be caused by mail machine and vehicle exhaust from outdoor air. Bacteria and fungi may be caused by outdoor pollutants and air conditioning systems. In addition, CO2 concentrations above 1,000ppm indicate poor ventilation of the indoor environment and can be remedied by improving ventilation.

title: Assessment of air quality in poultry facilities/ Avaliacao da qualidade do ar em instalacoes avicolas
abstract: T The intensive animal production and confinement increase the potential for intoxication gas, with incidences of carbon monoxide (CO) carbon dioxide (CO 2 and ammonia (NH 3 which alter the ideal characteristics of the air, adversely affecting poultry production. This research aimed to diagnose the influence ofNH 3 indoor air quality of three poultry laying sheds with birds of different ages. Randomized blocks design (RBD) were performed being the blocks represented by plants of birds of different ages, in factorial 4x2 arrangement (number of weeks evaluated x concentration reading schedules gasses) Readings were carried out by means of sensors for 28 days, where they were measured twice a day (9:00 and 15:00 h) instant concentrations of ammonia (NH 3 and carbon dioxide (CO 2 It was observed that the concentration of NH 3 andCO 2 obtained do not represent values that are harmful to the performance of the birds showed during the entire trial period within the recommended values in the literature.  A producao intensiva de animais e o confinamento destes aumentam o potencial de intoxicacao por gases, com a presenca mais comum de monoxido de carbono (CO) dioxido de carbono (CO 2 e amonia (NH 3 os quais alteram as caracteristicas ideais do ar, afetando negativamente a producao avicola. Com base nessas consideracoes, objetivou se com o presente estudo diagnosticar a influencia da qualidade do ar no interior de tres galpoes avicolas de postura, com aves de diferentes idades. Utilizou se delineamento em blocos casualizados (DBC) sendo os blocos representados pelas instalacoes com aves de diferentes idades, em arranjo fatorial 4x2 (numero de semanas avaliadas x horarios de leitura da concentracao de gases) Foram realizadas leituras por meio de sensores durante 28 dias, onde foram mensuradas duas vezes ao dia (9:00 e 15:00h) as concentracoes instantaneas de amonia (NH 3 e dioxido de carbono (CO 2 Observou se que as concentracoes de NH 3 e CO 2 obtidas nao representaram valores prejudiciais para o desempenho das aves, apresentando se dentro dos valores recomendados na literatura e com base no periodo experimental considerado.