Query: Csmbs  policies Thailand

title: Industry 4.0 Policies in Thailand
abstract: The Thai government has implemented a number of policies to harness the potential of the fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0) These policies can be categorized into three broad categories, namely, digital infrastructure, skill formation, and target industries. As is often observed for other policies in Thailand, the policy coverage for Industry 4.0 is too broad. Many aspects are included without a clear prioritisation. There is no effective mechanism to assess these policies and their implementation largely depends on government agencies' preferences. The existing assessment mechanism induces these agencies to undertake easy to achieve activities such as training. Activities that are critical for building a solid foundation to harness the potential of Industry 4.0 are unlikely to be implemented. The government has expressed interests in e activities such as the provision of support for e commerce platforms and social media applications. A more stringent cyber security law could be counter productive and jeopardize business opportunities emerging from Industry 4.0.

title: The Impacts of Monetary and Fiscal Policies on Economic Growth in Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand
abstract: This article analyses the impact of monetary and fiscal policies on economic growth in Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand from 1980:Q1 to 2017:Q1. Autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach is employed to determine the long run relationship. Further, a range of econometric models, such as fully modified least squares method (FMOLS) canonical cointegration regression (CCR) and dynamic ordinary least squares method (DOLS) are applied to check the robustness. The results are stable and robust as all the models yield consistency result. The main findings in this study demonstrate that: (a) interest rate had a negative impact on economic growth in three selected countries. (b) Government spending had a negative impact on economic growth in Malaysia and Singapore, but had a positive impact in Thailand. (c) Monetary policy is more effective in Malaysia and Singapore, while fiscal policy is more effective in Thailand.

title: Impact of Subsidy and Taxation Related to Biofuels Policies on the Economy of Thailand: A Dynamic CGE Modelling Approach
abstract: Thailand is the leader in biofuel, biodiesel and bioethanol production in South East Asia, using cassava, sugar cane and palm oil as feedstock. This study used econometric estimation to feed into a recursive dynamic computable general equilibrium model to analyze the impacts of biofuel policies on the economy of Thailand. We carried out several simulations on two set of issues (a) policy of increasing excise tax that consists of 12 scenarios such as increasing excise tax on oil products at a higher rate than biofuel products. The excise tax varies from 10 to 40% and (b) policy of increasing subsidy on biofuel consisting of four scenarios by subsidizing at 10 40% rate. The simulations indicate that increasing excise tax on oil products and biofuel products would increase Thailand's gross domestic product, social welfare and total energy consumption. For subsidy on biofuel, increasing subsidy would not lead to significant increase in GDP, social welfare and energy factors. These results imply that government should carefully decide on a balance of excise tax and subsidy, but ensure that price of biofuel products cheaper than other oil products to attractive the biofuel consumption.

title: The haze problem in Northern Thailand and policies to combat it: A review
abstract: The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that a third of all global deaths from stroke, lung cancer and respiratory diseases can be linked to air pollution. In some cities, breathing polluted air is as dangerous as smoking 25 cigarettes a day. This is a literature review that focusses on the problem of the annual haze in Northern Thailand, in order to ascertain workable policies to help alleviate this annual smog or haze. The review was conducted from over 1000 peer reviewed papers from both Scopus and the ISI databases with preference given to papers published within the past 5 years. This paper is divided into five sections. The first section deals with the cause of the haze, the technologies and models that are being developed and used to monitor and predict pollution and the meteorological conditions specific to the North of Thailand. The second section concerns the effect from air pollution on the health of the general public both from Thailand and other countries. The third section looks at policies from around the world that have been used to successfully reduce haze and smog. These include conservation agriculture, low emission zones and education methods. The fourth section suggests policies that should be implemented in the North of Thailand to help alleviate this annual problem. The overall conclusion is that the annual pollution is a complex multi faceted problem requiring coherent policies across multiple departments, provinces and countries.

title: Assessment of the stated policies of prominent food companies related to obesity and non communicable disease (NCD) prevention in Thailand
abstract: ObjectiveTo review the publicly available policies and commitments of selected food companies in Thailand relating to obesity and non communicable diseases (NCDs) prevention, and to assess these stated policies and commitments against global recommendations.MethodsNineteen food and beverage companies, including 13 packaged food, three non alcoholic beverage, two food retailer, and one fast food company were selected, based on their market share by sector and food category. A review of publicly available policies and commitments related to four domains (product reformulation, food marketing, nutrition information and food accessibility) was carried out for each company. Content analysis of all data was conducted, including a comparison of policy content against global recommendations in each domain.ResultsEleven companies (58% reported at least one policy or commitment across the four domains. The packaged food companies reported policies in all four domains while the beverage companies committed to implement policies in all except the accessibility domain. The food retailers and fast food company only had policies in the reformulation and nutrition information domains. Very few of the policies and commitments covered all of the recommended components in each domain, and most lacked sufficient specificity to allow detailed monitoring and evaluation. small number of the most prominent food companies in Thailand have several nutrition related policies in place. However, these policies do not sufficiently cover recommended areas for NCD and obesity prevention. Moreover, the extent to which policy statements translate to implementation has yet to be evaluated. Successful implementation of nutrition related policies by the food industry in Thailand will likely require concrete, measurable indicators to guide both corporate policy making as well as public monitoring. The Thailand Government requires greater capacity to establish effective multi sector platforms for NCD prevention, and to evaluate food companies' policies and enforce compliance both with regulations and voluntary commitments.

title: Civil society coalitions, power relations, and socio political ideas: Discourse creation and redesigning energy policies and actor networks in Thailand
abstract: Consideration of language is vital in reframing energy policy as such language is then used in fields such as environment, ecology, sustainability, green economy, and energy security. This study examines the language used to reflect social and political ideas in the deconstruction of power relations between hegemonic and alternative ideas of energy policy. To better understand this critical discourse, Thailand is presented as a case study to examine the various discourses present in the debate of government energy policies from 1987 to 2017, with a particular focus on the following questions: (1) who led and participated in the movements? and (2) how did they determine a strategic discourse that would convey their agenda against the energy policies of different governments? Qualitative discourse analysis was utilized to classify the various themes and the members of the different discourse communities. Digital archives of newspapers were searched for reporting on the backgrounds of these movements; 433 news clippings were found and their utilization of language was analyzed. This article reveals how local community movements and urban middle class movements legitimized their voice and restructured power relations with the government through the combined ideas of social class, transparency regarding negative impact investigations, energy democracy and justice, and resource nationalism.

title: Determining optimal policies for sugarcane harvesting in Thailand using bi objective and quasi Newton optimization methods
abstract: In Thailand, the harvesting season for sugarcane usually begins in November and ends the following May. At the beginning of each harvesting season, the Royal Thai government sets the price of two types of sugarcane, namely fresh and fired, based on sweetness (sugar content) and gross weight of sugarcane delivered to the sugar factories. The aim of the present research is to determine optimal harvesting policies for the two types of sugarcane in sugarcane producing regions of Thailand in order to maximize revenue and minimize harvesting cost. In this paper, a harvesting policy is defined as the amount of each type of sugarcane harvested and delivered to the sugar factories during each 15 day period of a harvesting season. Two optimization methods have been used to solve this optimization problem, namely the e constraints method and a quasi Newton optimization method. In the e constraints method, the problem is considered as a bi objective optimization problem with the main objective being to determine harvesting policies that maximize the total revenue subject to upper bounds on the harvesting cost. In the quasi Newton method, the aim is to determine the harvesting policy which gives maximum profit to the farmers subject to constraints on the maximum amount that can be cut in a 15 day period. The methods are used to determine optimal harvesting policies for the north, central, east, and north east regions of Thailand for harvesting seasons 2012/13, 2013/14, and 2014/15 based on the data obtained from the Ministry of Industry and the Ministry of Agriculture and Co operatives of the Royal Thai government.

title: Policies to Promote Research and Innovation in Developing Countries' Universities: The Case of Thailand
abstract: Research and Innovation (R&I) has played an important role in constructing new knowledge in higher education institutions (HEIs) worldwide. There are both enabler and barrier factors on R&I capabilities in HEIs; therefore, this paper aims to investigate the importance, current contexts and gaps in R&I capacity building of Thai HEIs and the possibilities for improvement. Thirteen policymakers from HEI's Authorities and Research Funding Agencies were interviewed in depth. In addition, an online survey has been conducted with 172 university academic staff, who have been involved in R&I. The results show that the majority of respondents agree that R&I is very important; however, these activities have not been clearly supported by national policies. From the suggestions for improvement, the whole R&I supporting system, from the national to the HEIs levels, should be developed and improved through policy, skill acquisition and job opportunities, research grants and enhancing national and international collaborations.

title: Co production of evidence for policies in Thailand: from concept to action
abstract: Viroj Tangcharoensathien and colleagues apply the "triangle that moves the mountain" to analyse the co production of evidence for health policy making in Thailand

title: Effects of school policies toward competitive and collaborative approaches on teachers' instruction and students' learning in schools in southern Thailand
abstract: The benefits were studied of school policies toward competitive and collaborative approaches to enhance student centered instruction and student achievement. In conceptual models, competition and collaboration at school level affect the teacher level and then the student level, as well as instruction, and finally student achievement. The dataset consisted of survey data collected from a sample of 243 public basic schools in 4 southern provinces, Thailand. Structural equation modeling was used to explore the models and verify cause effect relationships among the variables. The research findings confirmed the effectiveness of the competition and collaboration on the instruction, but not student achievement. Particular models of competition and collaboration relationships in the Thai context were proposed. The key findings were critically discussed to reflect Thailand's educational issues and their rationales, and then policy implications were proposed to improve Thai education and society toward the global standard.