Query: management of occupational disease

title: The management of occupational disease

title: Management of nosocomial scabies, an outbreak of occupational disease.
abstract: The optimal approach to managing institutional scabies outbreaks has yet to be defined. We report on outbreak managements are needed.  We report on a large outbreak of scabies in three acute care wards in a tertiary university teaching hospital in the Netherlands.  The outbreak potentially effected 460 patients and 185 health care workers who had been exposed to the index patient.  Containment of an outbreak relies on a quick and strict implementation of appropriate infection control measures and should include simultaneous treatment of all infested persons and exposed contacts to prevent secondary spread and prolonged post intervention surveillance.

title: Update on the Management of Occupational Asthma and Work Exacerbated Asthma
abstract: Work related asthma is the most common occupational lung disease encountered in clinical practice. In adult asthmatics, work relatedness can account for 15% 33% of cases, but delays in diagnosis remain common and lead to worse outcomes. Accurate diagnosis of asthma is the first step to managing occupational asthma, which can be sensitizer induced or irritant induced asthma. While latency has traditionally been recognized as a hallmark of sensitizer induced asthma and rapid onset a defining feature of irritant induced asthma (as in Reactive Airway Dysfunction Syndrome) there is epidemiological evidence for irritant induced asthma with latency from chronic moderate exposure. Diagnostic testing while the patient is still in the workplace significantly improves sensitivity. While specific inhalational challenges remain the gold standard for the diagnosis of occupational asthma, they are not available outside of specialized centers. Commonly available tests including bronchoprovocation challenges and peak flow monitoring are important tools for practicing clinicians. Management of sensitizer induced occupational asthma is notable for the central importance of removal from the causative agent: ideally, removal of the culprit agent; but if not feasible, this may require changes in the work process or ultimately, removal of the worker from the workplace. While workers' compensation programs may reduce income loss, these are not universal and there can be significant socio economic impact from work related asthma. Primary prevention remains the preferred method of reducing the burden of occupational asthma, which may include modification to work processes, better worker education and substitution of sensitizing agents from the workplace with safer compounds.

title: [DRGs and standardization management of the occupational disease list and coding]

title: DRGs and standardization management of the occupational disease list and coding

title: An Occupational Disease Assessment of the Mining Industry's Occupational Health and Safety Management System Based on FMEA and an Improved AHP Model
abstract: In order to effectively analyze, control, and prevent occupational health risk and ensure the reliability of the weight, a method based on FMEA (failure mode and effects analysis) and an improved AHP (analytic hierarchy process) model was established. The occupational disease of the occupational health and safety management system (OHSAS18001) of the mining industry in the southwest of Hubei Province is taken as an example, the three most significant risk factors (dust, noise, and gas) are selected as the research objects, the FMEA method is used, an expert questionnaire is carried out to establish the comprehensive assessment matrix of each indicator according to the RPN (risk priority number) value, and, finally, a case study is conducted through the FMEA and the improved AHP model The results show that the occupational disease of the mining industry's occupational health and safety management system belongs to a "general" grade, which is in line with the physical examination results of the Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Ezhou City in 2015. The improved AHP and FMEA comprehensive assessment model of occupational disease is proved feasible. This method can be incorporated in the process management of the enterprise for the purpose of occupational disease prevention in advance and continuous improvement on the occupational health and safety of employees. Additionally, the area research on this integrated model should be optimized continually in actual situations.

title: [A cost benefit analysis of occupational disease reporting in China]
abstract: To perform a cost benefit analysis of the occupational disease reporting system in China, and to provide a basis for effective resource allocation.  The data on the cost of occupational diseases were collected from China Health Statistics Yearbook 2013, the estimated benefit data were collected from published articles in China and foreign countries, and the probability data were collected from the occupational diseasereports published by health and family planning administrative departments. Adecision making tree was used for the cost benefit analysis.  The estimated cost of occupational disease reporting was about 102.47 million yuan/year, consisting of a cost of reporting in national medical institutions of 1.25 million yuan/year, a management cost of 30.35 million yuan/year, a management cost in local public health institutions of 69.80 million yuan/year, a management cost in national public health institutions of 370 thousand yuan/year, and a cost of construction and maintenance of reporting system of 700 thousand yuan/year. The results of the decision tree analysis showed that when an occupational disease monitoring system was established, the incremental input for occupational disease monitoring and prevention/control was 2.1 billion yuan/year, the output was 6.5 billion yuan/year, and the benefit of occupational disease reporting system was 4.4 billion yuan/year.  The benefit of occupational disease reporting system depends on the cost benefit of occupational disease prevention and control measures, and proper prevention and control measures are extremely important for improving the benefit of occupational disease reporting system.

title: Critical factors of success and barriers to the implementation of occupational health and safety management systems: A systematic review of literature
abstract: Occupational accidents and disease are events that can and should be controlled preventively by planning, organization and assessment of the performance of the means of control implemented. Excellence in Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) depends on models that allow the adoption of preventive measures to reduce work related risks by proactive action to improve the workers' health, safety and satisfaction. The objective of this article was to verify success factors, barriers and indicators present in the process of implementing an Occupational Health and Safety Management System. A systematic review of literature was performed by two independent researchers, based on the protocol of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses (PRISMA) After a search in the databases Scopus, Science Direct and Web of Science, applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 21 articles in English language, published between the years 2007 and 2018, remained in the final analysis. The results allowed evidencing the methodologies, tools and indicators used in OHS management. The analyses pointed out weaknesses in the existing models, particularly about the use of epidemiological indicators that allow helping the organizations to manage the occurrences with their workers proactively. A predominance of analysis was observed focusing on matters related to occupational safety to the detriment of analysis referring to occupational health which are given less enphasis.

title: Risk factors and control strategies for silicotuberculosis as an occupational disease
abstract: Silicotuberculosis is critical in community settings among workers and employees exposed to silica dust. Older age of entry >30 years) male sex, infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) exposure duration, smoking, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, migration, the severity of the silicosis and the intensity of the exposure are potential risk factors. Lack of timely diagnosis and treatment for tuberculosis (TB) may also raise the rate of infection; previous treatment of TB is possibly associated with the development of silicotuberculosis in more than half of patients, increasing with age >40 years) Identification of risk factors benefits not only the academic research community, but also the workers or employees and policy making. Some strategies can be implemented, such as controlling or reducing exposure to silica dust, ensuring continuity of treatment of TB or extended anti TB treatment, management of the situation by occupational health professionals, prevention of oscillating migration, providing workers with compensation, training and education in occupational health, improving the quality of life of miners and workers, intensive medical surveillance and TB screening in routine health check ups, and policy making for higher immunity to inhibit inhalation of dust by workers or employees.

title: Breast cancer risk by occupation and industry in women and men: Results from the Occupational Disease Surveillance System (ODSS)
abstract: The recently established Occupational Disease Surveillance System (ODSS) was used to examine breast cancer risk in women and men by occupation and industry.  Ontario workers in the ODSS cohort (1983 2016) were followed up for breast cancer diagnosis through the Ontario Cancer Registry. Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate age adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs)  A total of 17 865 and 492 cases were identified in working women (W) and men (M) respectively. Elevated risks were observed in management (W: HR 1.54, 95% CI 1.40 1.70; M: HR 2.79, 95% CI 1.44 5.39) administrative/clerical (W: HR 1.16, 95% CI 1.11 1.21; M: HR 1.45, 95% CI 1.06 1.99) and teaching (W: HR 1.54, 95% CI 1.44 1.63; M: HR 3.00, 95% CI 1.49 6.03) Other elevated risks were observed in nursing/health, social sciences, and janitor/cleaning services for both genders.  Common occupational associations in both genders warrant investigation into job related risk factors, such as sedentary behavior, shift work, ionizing radiation, and chemical exposures.